RESOLUTION

Committee : The Arab League

Topic : Syrian Governments and Crimes against Humanity

The Arab League,

Recognizing the human rights value as the fundamental inherent rights of everybody that
shall be respected reiterating to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Arab
Charter on Human Rights 2004,
Recalling Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 25 of the
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
Recalling General Assembly Resolution A/RES/66/253 of 16 February 2012 on the joint UN-
Arab League Envoy Peace Plan

Recalling Security Council Resolution S/RES/2042 (2012) and Resolution S/RES/2043

(2012) on the joint UN-Arab League Envoy peace plan and the establishment of UN
supervision mission in Syria (UNSMIS)

Reaffirming its support on the joint UN-Arab League Envoy to resolve the crisis in Syria,
Kofi Annan along with all of his initiatives and works

Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial
integrity of Syria and to the purposes and principles of the UN and Arab League Charter,

Condemning the widespread and gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms
by the Syrian authorities, as well as any human rights abuses by armed groups, notably the
use of force against civilians, arbitrary detention and execution, torture and murder of
civilians

Recalling that those responsible for the atrocity shall be held accountable, and expressing its
profound regret at the death of many thousands of people in Syria,
Recognizing the legitimate aspiration of the Syrian people for reforms, freedom and dignity
nevertheless such aspiration cannot justify the use of violence that will inevitably harm the
civilians

Noting the Syrian governments commitment on 25 March 2012 to implement the six-point
proposal of the Joint Special Envoy of the United Nations and the League of Arab States, and
to implement urgently and visibly its commitments, as it agreed to do in United Nations
Security Council resolution 2042 (2012),

1. Reaffirms its full support for and calls for the urgent, comprehensive, and immediate
implementation of all elements of the Envoys six-point proposal which encompasses:

a. An inclusive and peaceful political transition and dialogue with all related stakeholders
in Syria

b. An immediate end to all violence and human rights violationIncluding withdrawal of

troops and heavy weapons from population centers

c. Securing humanitarian access for the victims

d. releasing arbitraly detained persons

e. freedom for all journalists to report the situation on the ground

f. freedom for all Syrian citizens to demonstrate peacefully

2. Reaffirms its support towards peaceful political transition and reform which leads to a
democratic, plural system in which all citizens are equal and treated with dignity irrespective
of their affiliation, religion, gender, ethnicity, as enshrined in article 21 (3) Universal
Declrataion of Human Rights and to this end we strongly support a comprehensive political
dialogue between government and all spectrum of the opposition

3. Further requests UNSC observes the deployment of the UN Armed Observers to enforce
ceasefire in coordination with the Kofi Annan Peace Plan for Syria 2012. Their purpose in the
conflicting area is only limited to observe the previous agreement between the High
Contracting Parties to the conflict and is armed for the purpose of self-defence in
consideration of the current hostile atmosphere. With their deployment, the Arab League
aims to break weaponry ties between the High Contracting Parties towards the civilians;

4. Determines the mechanisms and the purpose of the UN Armed Observers, as follow:
(a) To observe the cease-fire in hope of reducing the high-tension of violence between
the High Contracting Parties,
(b) To observe the cease-fire in hope of reducing the high-tension of violence committed
by the Syrian Government and/or the opposition parties directed against civilians so
peaceful negotiations could take place,
(c) The utmost importance role of the UN Armed Observers is to decrease the number of
the civilian casualties in Syria,
(d) The existence of the UN Armed Observers shall be limited through:
(1) The means and methods that will be implemented in Syria on the basis of the
necessity and proportionality principle,
(2) The existence of the UN Armed Observers shall be taken on the basis of the
inherent right of self-defence, as enshrined in Article 51 of the UN Charter,
(3) The member of the UN Armed Observers would not be taken from the
member of Friend of Syria Group, in order to ensure the approval from the Syrian
Government, and
(4) The use of arms are only to be used in times when the UN Armed Observers
are in a state which they feel the need to regulate self-defence,
(e) The limitation that explained above shall not bar the role of the UNSC to determine
another specific limitation forms;
(f) The existence of this UN Armed Observers shall be distinct with the co-existence of
the UN Peace-Keeping Operation.
(g) If the previous cease-fire failed, the UNSC entitled to deploy the UN Armed Observers
in order to enforce the cease-fire that has been agreed first.
(h) The UN Armed Observers shall give a report to the UNSC and the UNSC shall
transmitted the report to the Arab League. Consequently, the Arab League will study the
report from the UNSC and the ACHR to give further recommendation
 in conformity with the Clause 13 of this Resolution.
(i) Ensure the full unimpeded access and freedom of movement for the observers to do
their duty and to allow them to communicate with any private individual without retaliation
against those who communicate with the observers
(j) . The safety and security of the observers must be ensured while they are on duty, the
primary responsibility to do so lies on the Syrian government
(k) The observers must be professionally trained so that they are aware of their duty,
mandate and code of conduct

5. Seeks to constantly negotiate and give international pressure for those who oppose to the
deployment of armed observers, however if the UN Security Council and the Syrian
government do not grant their consent, then Arab League must support the deployment of UN
Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS) comprising 300 unarmed observers as has been
previously approved by all parties

6. Calls upon the High contracting Parties of the conflict in Syria both the government and
the opposition to immediately put an end to all human rights violations throughully
implementing the new ceasefire which is two weeks after the agreement coming from the
Syrian government and the week after the heavy weapons must be withdrawn from
population centers.

7. Urges the Syrian government to grant unhindered access for all humanitarian agencies and
personnel including relevant UN bodies (WHO, UNHCR, WFP,etc) and NGOs (ICRC,etc)
enabling them to deliver aid to all Syrian people who direly need such assistance, to this end
following measures should be carried out:

a. The freedom of movement and the safety of the humanitarian personnel must be
guaranteed to all parts of Syria, especially areas that are most devastated by the conflict

b. Humanitarian agencies and personnels such as UNHCR must also have the
responsibility in helping the fulfillment of basic needs of the internally displaced
persons (IDPs)
 c.The conflicting parties must abide by their commitment to apply at the very least two-
hours daily cease fire to allow the delivery of humanitarian assistance

d. Humanitarian centers such as makeshift clinics should be established in the vicinity

of the population centers, and to guarantee that all civilians have access to such centers

e. To help ensure the safety of humanitarian personnel, if necessary the deployment of

humanitarian personnel must be escorted by UNSMIS observers

8. Urges the initiation of an inclusive, constructive and peaceful political dialogue between
the governments and the opposition in Syria through following actions

a. The peaceful dialogue shall take place three days following the implementation of
the ceasefire,

b. As the third party, good offices must be established led by the UN and Arab League
joint envoy with the involvement of Syrian neighboring countries to facilitate the
meetings and dialogue among all parties, enable fair representation of all political
stakeholders, bridge differences among parties, and to monitor compliance

c. Every political stakeholder from all spectrums including the government and the
Syrian National Council must be fairly represented in the dialogue, including the
prominent figures who are currently being detained

d. The dialogue will focus on how to galvanize the peaceful political transition that
accomodates the legitimate aspiration of the Syrian people, including but not limited to
the possible amendment of the constitution, the establishment of diverse political
parties, holding free and fair elections, etc.

e. All parties must refrain from imposing any preconditions for participating in the
dialogue, including to set the aim of the dialogue to focus on regime change
 f. The dialogue must have a clear timetable on what should be accomplished, such
timetable will be agreed upon by the participants of the dialogue representing different
factions of Syria

g. the political dialogue must be a Syrian-led initiative where other parties including the
Arab league can still give their inputs and feedbacks

9. Urges the Syrian government to expedite the release of all individuals who are arbitrarily
detained, or who are detained for political reasons, by implemeting following actions:

a. Urge Syrian government to immediately provide the list of all individuals who are
detained along with the specific locations where they are detained to the Arab League
and UN joint envoy.

b. There must be a formal channel enabling the families of the detainees to report or
submit complaint to the UNSMIS observers

c. Ensure the access of UNSMIS observers to patrol the locations where the prisoners are
detained to prevent more severe human rights violation on the detainees such as torture

c. Ensure the access and the permit of the families of the detainees to visit their relatives

c.Detainee who are taken into custody without charge or sufficient evidence must be
instantly released, if they are charged with evidence they must have a fair trial

e. Put the utmost priority on the most vulnerable detainees including minors, elders and
women

10. Urges the coordinated effort to mitigate the issue of refugees by undertaking following
efforts:

a. Syrian neighboring countries bear the responsibility to assist the refugees arriving in
their territory and help them fulfill their most basic needs

b. Arab League and relevant UN bodies such as UNHCR and WHO must work hand in
hand to assist Syrian neighbors to help the refugees, they must furnish financial support
as well as logistical supply to the host countries
 c. In the long term, the refugees rights to return to their home country must be
guaranteed, to this end the long term stablity and security must also be ensured

d. capacity building and empowerment project for teh refugees can be initiated with
particular focus on the youth.

11. Emphasizes the commitment of Arab League to spur the effectiveness of the joint envoy
peace plan by providing following incentives if Syria meets all the demands of the joint Un-
Arab League envoy:

a. Resumption of Arab League membership

b. Full restoration of diplomatic and economic relations between Syria and all of the
League member states

c. Working closely with US and EU to encourag the lifting of all the sanctions and
embargo imposed on Syria as well as to restore diplomatic relations and to release all
previously frozen assets

12. Emphasizes the importance of post conflict reconstruction by undertaking following

measures:

a. Arab League works together with UN PeaceKeeping Operation Department to assist

the maintanance of peace and security in Syria

b. Arab League and UN relevant bodies should carry out capacity building and
empowerment programs to ensure the sustainable development of Syria after conflict
with various institution:

i. United Nations Peace Building Commission (UN-PBC), to advice and assist

integrated strategies for post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery.

ii. United Nations Peace Building Fund (UN-PBF) to assist technically needs for the
success of capacity building programs

(a) to assist strategies for peace building,

 (b) United Nations Peace Building Fund (UNPBF), to assist technicality needs
for the success of capacity building programs,
(c) United Nations Development Program (UNDP), in assisting the aim of
sustainable democracy through long term strategies in maintaining stability in
Syria, and

iii. United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

iv. United Nations Demotratic Fund (UNDEF), in assisting finances of democratic

transition, promoting of human right, strenghtens civil society, and progrms to ensure
active participation of all groups in democratic process.

c. Applying the strategy of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) to

enable the former combatants of the conflict to return to their normal lives as civilians

13. Further recommends the Transitional Government to determine their own forms of
government through the democratic way in order to established their new form constitutional
government, to cooperate with the Arab League along with the United Nations Department of
Political Affairs (UN-DPA) under the Electoral Assistance Division (EAD) with the
duties are follows:

(a) Ensuring consistency in handling the requests of the parties,

(b) Ensuring careful coordination and consideration of requests for electoral assistance
and channelling such requests to the appropriate parties,
(c) Building on experience gained to establish an ad hoc electoral supervision
commission in their respective country,
(d) Developing and maintaining a roster of international experts who can provide
technical assistance to the requesting parties, and
(e) Maintaining contact with regional and other intergovernmental organizations to
ensure appropriate working arrangements with them;
14. Expresses its intention to assess the implementation of the diplomatic initiative and to
consider further steps if such effort falters authorized by UN Security Council

15. Decides to remain seized of this matter