Shop sheet 104

Dissimilar metal welds

and weld joint design
for duplex stainless steels
Sandvik

Dissimilar metal welds Weld joint design

Duplex stainless steels can be welded For duplex stainless steels, a weld joint in joint preparation by manipulation
to other duplex stainless steels, to design must facilitate full penetration of the torch. For a duplex stainless steel,
austenitic stainless steels, and to carbon and avoid undiluted base metal in the some of these techniques may cause
and low alloy steels. solidifying weld metal. It is best to a longer than expected exposure in the
machine rather than grind the weld edge harmful temperature range, leading to
Duplex stainless steel ller metals with preparation to provide uniformity to the results outside of those of the qualified
increased nickel content relative to land thickness or gap. When grinding procedure.
the base metal are most frequently used must be done, special attention should
to weld duplex stainless steels to other be given to uniformity of the weld Some joint designs used with duplex
duplex grades. The elevated nickel preparation and the fit-up. Any grinding stainless steels are illustrated in Table 2.
content of the ller metal ensures that burr should be removed to maintain Other designs are possible provided
an adequate level of austenite is formed complete fusion and penetration. For they assure full penetration welds and
in the weld metal during cooling. an austenitic stainless steel, a skilled minimize the risk of burn-through.
welder can overcome some deciencies
When welding to austenitic grades, the
austenitic ller metals with low carbon
and a molybdenum content intermediate
between the two steels are typically Table 1: Welding consumables used for dissimilar welding
used. AWS E309LMo /ER309LMo is
frequently used for these joints. The same Lean duplex Standard duplex 25 Cr duplex
ller metal or AWS E309L /ER309L is Superduplex
commonly used to join duplex stainless
steels to carbon and low alloy steels. Lean duplex E2309 E2209 E2209
If nickel-base ller metals are used, they E2209
should be free of niobium (columbium). E309L
Because austenitic stainless steels
Standard duplex E2209 E2209 E2594
have lower strength than duplex grades,
welded joints made with austenitic 25 Cr duplex E2209 E2594 E2594
ller metals will not be as strong as the Superduplex
duplex base metal.
304 E309L E309LMo E309LMo
Table 1 summarizes filler metals E309LMo E2209 E2209
frequently used to weld duplex stainless E2209
steels to dissimilar metals. These
316 E309LMo E309LMo E309LMo
examples show the AWS electrode
E2209 E2209 E2209
designation (E), but depending on the
process, joint geometry and other Carbon steel E309L E309L E309L
considerations, bare wire (AWS Low alloy steel E309LMo E309LMo E309LMo
designation ER), and flux cored wire E2209 E2209 E2209
may be considered.

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Table 2: Examples of weld joint designs used with duplex stainless steels

Groove Process Thickness Gap Root Bevel

t (mm) d (mm) k (mm) ()

GTAW 35 13
t
GMAW 36 13

d SMAW 34 13
SMAW 4 15 13 12 55 65

GTAW 38 13 12 60 70
t
GMAW 5 12 13 12 60 70

d SAW 9 12 0 5 80

SMAW >10 1.5 3 13 55 65

k t GMAW >10 1.5 3 13 60 70

SAW >10 0 35 90
d

SMAW > 25 13 13 10 15
r
k t GMAW > 25 13 13 10 15

SAW > 25 0 35 10 15
d

GTAW >3 02
t GMAW >3 02

d SMAW >3 02

SMAW 3 15 23 12 60 70

t GTAW 2.5 8 23 12 60 70

GMAW 3 12 23 12 60 70

d SAW 4 12 23 12 70 80

SMAW 12 60 12 23 10 15

GTAW >8 12 12 10 15
r
t
GMAW >12 12 23 10 15

d SAW >10 12 13 10 15
Source: ArcelorMittal

The International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) has made every effort to ensure that the information presented is technically correct. However, IMOA does not represent or warrant the accuracy of the information contained in this shop
sheet or its suitability for any general or specific use. The reader is advised that the material contained herein is for information purposes only; it should not be used or relied upon for any specific or general application without first obtaining
competent advice. IMOA, its members, staff and consultants specifically disclaim any and all responsibility of any kind for loss damage, or injury resulting from the use of the information contained in this publication.

Excerpt from Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels Second Edition 2009. Produced by IMOA. 07/14 2