1. yes
2. no
3. need more information
5
Sign conventions for both
velocity and acceleration
Same signs (+ + or - -): object is speeding up
Different signs (+ - or - +): object is slowing down
7
Sample problem:
Graphical analysis.
8
Graphical analysis of velocity as
a function of time
Velocity,
Time,
graph
velocity at time
velocity at time
9
Graphical analysis of average
and instantaneous acceleration
Average acceleration,
=
=
Slope of the line
connecting ( , ) and
( , )
10
Graphical analysis of average
and instantaneous acceleration
Instantaneous
acceleration, Slope of the
Limit of the average line tangent
acceleration as the to a point in
time interval the plot
approaches zero
= lim =
0
2
= = 2
11
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
D
E
B
D
E
B
14
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
D
E
B Curvature:
UPWARD
A
Curvature:
UPWARD
15
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
Curvature:
DOWNWARD
D
E
B Curvature:
UPWARD
A
Curvature:
UPWARD
16
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
Curvature:
DOWNWARD
D
Curvature: E
ZERO
B Curvature:
Curvature: UPWARD
ZERO
A
Curvature:
UPWARD
17
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
Pt Curve ax
A Up +
B 0 0
C Down -
D 0 0
E Up +
18
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
D
E
B
19
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
D E
B
20
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
C
Slope: Slope:
ZERO NEGATIVE
D
E
B Slope:
Slope:
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
A
Slope:
POSITIVE
21
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
Pt Slope vx
A + +
B + +
C 0 0
D - -
E - -
22
Sample problem:
Velocity and acceleration from a plot.
Pt Curve ax Slope vx
A Up + + +
B 0 0 + +
C Down - 0 0
D 0 0 - -
E Up + - -
23
Suppose the acceleration of the car is 2.5 mi/(hr)(s)
and the velocity at this instant is 20 mi/hr. What will
be the velocity at the end of the next second?
24
A train car moves along a long straight track. The
graph shows the position as a function of time for this
train. The graph shows that the train:
26
SUMMARY:
Velocity/Speed: change in position
=
Acceleration: change in velocity
speed direction 2
= = 2
slope of x-t graph: ave. velocity
slope of tangent line of x-t graph:
instantaneous velocity
curvature of x-t graph: acceleration
28
Seatwork
- seatwork will be checked at March 14, 2016
the end of the class 1. Blah? X Bleh!!!
- if wrong, write the correct 2. Blah blah!
answer
- in checking: place the score 3. Blah blah blah!
above the checkers name
- the checker must sign under 4. Blah blah blah blah!
his/her name & student
Score: 3/4
number Checked by:
(signed)
Albert Einstein Jr.
(2013-24601) 29
(1) multiple choice (from previous long exam)
3.00 4.00
= + 2
= 17.0/
Seatwork Date:
1. Blah?
- solve problems in your
notebooks 2. Blah blah!
- write the answers only in
3. Blah blah blah!
your bluebook
- indicate the date 4. Blah blah blah blah!
31
(1), (2) Multiple choice (from previous long exam)
32
The graph above shows the
velocity of a solar-powered car
as a function of time. The driver
accelerates from a stop sign,
cruises for a 20.0s at a constant
speed of 60.0km/h, and then
brakes to come to a 40.0s after
leaving the stop sign.
km 1000m 1h
v 60 16.7 m / s
h 1km 3600 s
3-4. Compute the average acceleration during the
following intervals:
t = 30 to 40s
t = 0 to 40s
5. What is the instantaneous acceleration:
t = 35s
x a
??? ???
t t
HOMEWORK:
6-7: Draw a rough sketch of the x-t and a-t
graph for time t = 30 to 40s.
(shape/slope only, no numerical details)
34
HOMEWORK:
Find the average x-acceleration,
and describe whether the speed
t(s) vx (m/s) increases or decreases for each
1.0 0.8 of these time intervals:
3.0 1.2 8-9) t1=1.0s to t2=3.0
5.0 1.6 10-11) t1=5.0s to t2=7.0s
12-13) t1=9.0s to t2=11.0s
7.0 1.2 14-15) t1=13.0s to t2=15.0s
9.0 -0.4
11 -1.0
13 -1.6
= =
15 -0.8
Hint: Graphing maybe helpful in checking your answer 35