Parameter Penetration Bead Reinforcement

Width
Increasing Current

Increasing Voltage

Increasing Travel
Speed
Increasing
Electrode Diameter
Increasing
Electrode
Extension 1- Area of
Weld Bead (Aw)= F1 F2 H / Q (mm )

Where: -
F1= the heat transfer efficiency.
F2= the melting efficiency.
H= the heat input= Current x Voltage / Travel Speed (J/mm)
Q= Specific heat = (Tm+273) / 300000 (J/mm)
Tm= Melting temperature. ( C)

Effect of Heat Input on Area of Weld Bead

Weld Bead Cross Sectional

250

200
Area, mm

150 800 Amp

100 600 Amp

50 440 Amp

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Heat Input , Kj/mm

1
2- Melting Rate (MR) = aI + bLI (Kg/h)

Where: -
a = Proportionality constant for cathode or anode heating. (Kg /h . A)
b = Proportionality constant for electric resistance heating & the electrode resistivity (Kg / h. A . mm)
L = the electrode extension or stick out. (mm)
I = the welding current. (A)

3- Electrode diameter Vs Welding current

250

200
Current, A

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Electrode Diameter, mm