Magma source variations of late Cretaceous-late Eocene magmatic rocks

of the Chilean Precordillera (21.5-26S):

SFB 267
Deformation Processes
Due to variable water fugacity or crustal thickening ?
in the Andes

Michael Haschke1, Andreas Gnther1, Wolfgang Siebel2, Ekkehard Scheuber1, Klaus-Joachim Reutter1
1
SFB 267, Institut fr Geologie, Geophysik und Geoinformatik, Freie Universitt Berlin, 12249 Berlin, mrh@zedat.fu-berlin.de
2
Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg B123, 14473 Potsdam
Introduction 20
70 69
Legend
68

Our study attempts to apply REE patterns of late Cretaceous-late 80 Western Chilean Precordillera - this study - Iquique 0 50
solid symbols: own data scale
Eocene arc magmatism in the Chilean Precordillera as a guide to Cordillera Dbel (1989), Maksaev (1990),
open symbols: compiled data
km
plutonics (late Cretaceous - early Oligocene)
Miocene arc Williams (1992), Pichowiak (1994),

West-Fissure
Fault System
crustal thickness through time (Fig.1). Modern studies on Miocene from previous authors
volcanics late Cretaceous - early Oligocene

Kay et al. Heumann et al. (in prep.) redbed-type sed. (late Cret.-early Eocene)

to recent Andean arc magmatism (Hildreth & Moorbath 1988, Kay 60 1987 study area
undiff. magmatic arcs (Jurassic - recent)

arc
Longitudinal Valley Chilean

La/Yb
et al.1987, 1991, 1994) apply an increasing slope in REE patterns 1991

LONGITUDINAL VALLEY - lower-mid Cretaceous

this study, Doebel (1989) Precordillera Bolivia
through time (indicated by increasing La/Yb and La/Sm ratios 1994 Coastal Cordillera (21.5-26S)
Incaic Rogers & Hawkesworth (1989) Scheuber (unpubl. data)
through time) as a guide to increasing crustal thickness through 40 unconformity Lucassen & Franz (1994) Kramer & Bartsch (in prep.)
Peruvian 21
time. unconformity
Lucassen & Franz (1994)
Miocene/
Rogers & Hawkesworth (1989) Holocene
volcanic
Araucanian modified after Isacks (1988) arc
20 unconformity

Coastal Longitudinal Chilean Western

ssic arc
alkaline
max.

Sierra de Moreno
Co.Colorado
crustal Cordillera Valley Precordillera Cordillera

Co. Jaspe
0

Rio Loa
thickness 35-40 km 40-45 km ~ 45 km ~ 70 km

ILLERA - Jura
(after tectonic 0 50 100 150 200 22 El Abra
shortening) 7-75 52-48 Ma Tocopilla

La/Yb
4-34
(exc. 59)
"magmatic
gap" age [Ma] 70 Fortuna
Chile

4-25 39-37 Ma 48-39 Ma 63-52 Ma 78-63 Ma Co's de

Chuquicamata

syn/posttectonic pre-tectonic main initial 60 Montechristo

PACIFIC

RD
1-18 stage stage stage stage syn/posttectonic
Calama

50 initial stage Co.Olivino

COASTAL CO
stage
upper granodiorite/qtz-diorite OCEAN
40

Dbel 1989
lower 50 high convergence rates
low convergence rates <5 cm/a
50-55 km
(SVZ 33-34S)
La 30
>10 cm/a
low obliquity <20~ high obliquity >45~
no garnet 23
tholeiitic 20
probably trans-
residuum no garnet 0-6 % garnet pressional ? extensional Caracoles
alkaline
this study this study 40 crustal 10 initial phase Co.Quimal
3-13 % garnet Incaic unconformity
thickness pre-tectonic stage 72 - 63 MaCo. San
La/Yb

m
e Fault Syste
(Kay et al. 1991) Sierra Salar
0 de

contaminated Kay et al. Cristobal del Atacama

(high Sri , La/Sm) 1991, 1994 45 55 65 75 85 Lomas

Buitre

West-Fissur
30 Hildreth & 5 Antofagasta Bayas

Williams 1992
Co. Bufalo
Moorbath 1988
pre-tectonic
backarc 4 stage initial stage
Fig. 1: Schematic mechanism of La/Yb correlation with alkaline intrusions
20 24
crustal thickness of Andean arc systems (0-200 Ma), as 2-3 kbar 40 km 3
Co. Augusta
Victoria
(SVZ 34-35S)
proposed by Kay et al. 1987, 1991, 1994 and Hildreth & H2O Yb main phase Pan de
Moorbath 1988. 2 63 - 52 Ma Azucar Co.Cincilla
10 30-35 km possibly alkaline ?
(SVZ 37.5S) Salar

<1 kbar 1 de
Punta Negra

syn/posttectonic
H2O stage
Co. Buenos pre-tectonic + syn/
Aires
0 0 Cachinal de posttectonic
Fig. 2 and 3: La/Yb vs Andean age (0-200 Ma) and 45 55 65 75 85 la Sierra
phase
30 40 50 60 70 80
12

Herrmann & Zeil 1989

vs age of the Chilean Precordillera (78-37 Ma). 25 Argentina
48 - 37 Ma
Andean magmatism displays repeated La/Yb cycles age [Ma] 10
initial stage
Salar
de

pre-tectonic Pajonate

in each magmatic arc system. Note increasing maxi- stage Taltal

El Guanaco
8
mum La/Yb ratios through Andean system after tec-
tonic shortening & crustal thickening. La/Yb ratio in-
creases through time occur at equal SiO2 ranges.
Fig. 4: La, Yb and Sm vs SiO2 Chilean Precordillera Sm 6

La, Yb and Sm-contents change through time. Variable 4

Tepper et al. (1993) proposes increasing pH2O (<1 to La behaviour through time is due to different fractionation
2-3 kbar) as a possible mechanism to raise La/Yb paths through time. Variable Sm and Yb-behaviour is con- 2 syn/posttectonic 26
Co. Guanaco

ratios through time. La/Yb is highest after tectonic trolled by increasing hbl and gt-content in the residuum stage
0
shortening, but also increases throughout the time mineralogy through time. 45 55 65 75 85
of arc magmatism. Fig. 5: Schematic tectonomagmatic overview of the
SiO2 late Cretaceous to late Eocene arc system of the
Chilean Precordillera (21.5 - 26S).

influence of hbl - gt influence of feldspar FC Sr and Nd

residuum on REE pattern on REE pattern isotopic signature LILE, HFSE and REE modelling
8 30 plag 40 %
1000 0.7065
Miocene arc (26-28S)
bm = batch melting
pre- syn/post- FC = fractionation cryst.
60%
hbl 4 %
apa 4 %
Kay et al. 1991, 1994 dacite-rhyolite
tectonic tectonic 0.7060 55% bio 3 %
FC
Sr] i

K-fsp 3 %
7 stage 800 stage cpx, opx 1 %
pre- Chilean Precordillera 20 43%
mag 1 %
0.7055 (21.5-26S) -this study- granodiorite-FC dacite-FC
La/Sm

36% zircon 0.2 %

tectonic
Th
8 6

tholeiitic 0% 20%
6 600 stage amphibolite
0.7050
[8 Sr/
Sr

bm 70%
Backarc 0% plag 15 %
syn/post- +H2O 10 10% hbl 25 %
7

apa 1 %
5 tectonic 400 0.7045 20% bio 30 % (!)
granodirorite-
granite FC
stage 0%
30% K-fsp 10 %
cpx 5 %
0.7040 Miocene pm-res. 40%
mag 1 %
60% 50%
4 200 Backarc 0 zircon 4 %
0.7035
initial stage initial stage 0 100 200 300
0 20 40 60 80
3 0
45 55 65 75 85 age [Ma] Rb
45 55 65 75 85 40
5 1.2 10%
increasing 5
Precordillera Backarc (alkaline)
pre- syn/post- H2O-fugacity tholeiitic
Miocene Chilean Precordillera arc 30 grano- amphibolite
tectonic tectonic 1.0 (21.5-26S) -this study- diorite-FC batch melting
3 Backarc
La/Yb

70%
4 stage
Eu/Eu*

stage (alkaline)
possibly alteration
Sm/Yb

due to seawater interaction

e Nd i

0.8 1 20 0%
60%
43%
3 55% 36% dacite-FC
20%
0.6 -1 10 0%

0%

-3 bm-residuum
2 0.4 Miocene arc (26-28S)
0
Kay et al. 1991, 1994
0 1 2 3 4
-5

1
initial stage 0.2
45 55 65 75 85
0.7035 0.7045 0.7055 0.7065 Yb
45 55 65 75 85 [ Sr/8 6Sr] i
8 7 40

SiO2 SiO2 10%

tholeiitic
amphibolite
30 grano- batch melting
diorite-FC 70%
La/Yb

20 0%
Fig. 6 and 7: La/Sm and Sm/Yb vs SiO2. Fig. 8 and 9: Sr and Eu/Eu* vs SiO2. Fig. 10 and 11: Sr i vs eNd i and age vs Sr i. 60%

Increasing La/Sm and Sm/Yb through time in- Increasing Sr-contents and Eu/Eu* ratios through A weak trend of ncreasing Sr i through time accompanies dacite-FC

dicate increasing hbl-retention and particularly time at equal SiO2 suggests decreasing import- 10 0%
the increasing La/Yb ratios through time mechanism.
garnet-retention through time in the residuum ance of feldspar fractionation through time due Increasing Sr i at largely constant eNd i points to contam- 0%

bm-residuum
mineralogy. The different La/Sm and Sm/Yb be- to increasing H2O-fugacity through time. ination of the isotopic system by seawater interaction. 0
haviour through time at equal SiO2 also suggests Crustal contamination with old crust can be neglected. 0 10 20 30 40 50
different fractionation paths.
Increasing crustal assimilation through time can dacite granodiorite
La
be excluded as an influencing variable, since La initial stage rhyolite
syn/posttectonic granite
contents in the youngest arc rocks are lower and (78-63 Ma) stage (39-37 Ma)
decrease with increasing SiO2.
andesite Fig. 12, 13 and 14: Modelling of FC paths through time
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