Engineering Physics 1

Contents

1. Interference

Objectives, Introduction, Superposition, Basics of Interference, Types of

Interference, Coherent Sources, Conditions for Interference of Light, Youngs
Double Slit Experiment, Analytical Treatment of Interference of two Coherent
Beams, Average Intensity and Energy Distribution, Double Slit Interference
Experiment and Fringe Width, Illustrative Examples, Fresnels Biprism, Theory
of Fringes, Experimental Set-up and Measurements, Illustrative Example,
Determination of Thickness of Thin Transparent Sheet (Displacement of
Fringes), Illustrative Examples, Interference by Division of Amplitude,
Interference in Thin Film, Illustrative Examples, Interference by Wedge
Shaped Films, Types of Fringes Exhibited by Thin Films, Illustrative Examples,
Newtons Rings, Newtons Rings in Reflected Light, Newtons Rings in
Transmitted Light, Pattern of Newtons Ring, Determination of Wavelength of
Monochromatic Light using Newtons Rings, Determination of Refractive Index
of a Liquid by Newtons Rings, Newtons Rings with Both Surfaces Curved,
Newtons Rings with White Light, Newtons Rings with a Bright Centre,
Illustrative Examples, Michelsons Interferometer, Formation of Fringes and
Shapes of Fringes, Difference Between Newtons Rings and Michelsons
Fringes, Applications of Michelsons Interferometer, Illustrative Examples,
Application of Interference, Antireflection (AR) Coatings, Multilayer
Antireflection (AR) Coating, Dielectric Mirrors, Interference Filters, Testing of a
Lens Surface, Revision at a Glance, Review Questions, Numericals.

2. Polarisation

Objectives, Introduction, Experiment Verifying Polarisation (Optical Method),

Some Important Definitions, Methods of Production of Polarised Light,
Polarisation by Reflection, Polarisation by Refraction, Polarisation by Double
Refraction, Polarisation by Selective Absorption (Dichrosim), Polarisation by
Scattering, Illustrative Examples, Law of Malus, Nicol Prism, Calcite Crystal,
Principle, Construction, Theory, Working, Limitations of Nicol Prism, Nicol
Prism as Polariser and Analyser, Illustrative Examples, Huygens Theory of
Double Refraction, Huygens Construction of Wavefront, Phase Retardation
Plate, Quarter Wave Plate (QWP), Half Wave Plate (HWP), Elliptically and
Circularly Polarised Light, Experimental Arrangement to Produce Elliptically
and Circularly Polarised Light, Illustrative Examples, Detection and Analysis of
Polarised Light, Action of Rotating Nicol, To Distinguish Between Elliptically
and Partially Polarised Light, Distinction Between Quarter wave Plate, Plane
Glass Plate and Half Wave Plate, Illustrative Examples, Optical Activity, Laws
of Optical Activity, Fresnels Explanation of Optical Activity, Specific Rotation,
Polarimeter, Construction, Working, Laurents Half Shade Polarimeter,
Biquartz Polarimeter, Illustrative Examples, Revision at a Glance, Review
Questions, Numericals.

3. Diffraction

Objectives, Introduction, Definition, Conditions of Diffraction, Difference

between Interference and Diffraction, Classification of Diffraction,
Fraunhofers Diffraction Due to Single Slit, Experimental Diagram, Theory,
Intensity Distribution of Diffraction Pattern, Diffraction Pattern, Width of
Central Maximum, Fraunhofers Diffraction at Circular Aperture, Illustrative
Examples, Plane Transmission Grating, Experimental Diagram, Theory,
Intensity Distribution, Diffraction Pattern, Formation of Spectra by a Grating,
Characteristics of Grating Spectra, Determination of Wavelength of Light by A
Plane Diffraction Grating, Theory, Adjustments, Illustrative Examples,
Resolving Power, Rayleigh Criteria of Resolution, Resolving Power of a
Telescope, Resolving Power of a Plane Diffraction Grating, Illustrative
Examples, Diffraction of XRays, Braggs Law, Xray Spectrometer, Illustrative
Examples, Revision at a Glance, Review Questions, Numericals.

4. Elements of Material Science

Objectives, Introduction, Bonding in Solids, Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bond,

Metallic Bond, Origin of Band Gaps in Solid, Classification of a Solid as
Insulators, Semiconductors and Metals, Insulators, Semiconductors, Metals,
Difference between Insulators, Semiconductors and Conductors,
Semiconductors, Types of Semiconductors, Fermi Distribution Function f (E),
Electrical Conductivity in Semiconductors, Determination of Energy Gap of
Semiconductor, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Braggs Law, Derivation of Braggs
Law, Braggs X-ray Spectrometer, Hall Effect, The Quantum Hall Effect,
Revision at a Glance, Review Questions, Numericals.

5. Special Theory of Relativity

Objectives, Introduction, Frame of Reference, Michelson-Morely Experiment,

Explanation of the Negative Results, Illustrative Examples, Galilean
Transformations, Illustrative Examples, Postulates of Special Theory of
Relativity, The Lorentz Transformation, Illustrative Examples, Relativity of
Length, Illustrative Examples, Time Dilation, Experimental Verification of Time
Dilation, The Twin Paradox, Illustrative Examples, Relativity of Velocities
(Relativistic Addition of Velocities), Illustrative Examples, Relativity of Mass:
Variation of Mass with Velocity, Illustrative Examples, Relativistic Mass Energy
Relation, Non Relativistic Kinetic Energy of Particle, Relativistic Energy
Momentum Relation, Kinetic Energy Momentum Relation, Particle with Zero
Rest Mass, Experimental Verification of Mass Energy Relation, Illustrative
Examples, Revision at a Glance, Review Questions, Numericals.

Practical Semester Ist

Fresnels Biprism, Newtons Rings, Polarimeter, Diffraction Grating,
Conversion of Glavanometer into Ammeter, Conversion of Glavanometer into
Voltmeter, P-N Junction Diode, Thermo-Couple, Laser.

P. Papers