MONTHLY WEATHER REPORT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL

OFFICE.

SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS COMPILED FROM RETURNS OF OFFICIAL STATIONS AND VOLUNTEER OBSERVERS.
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VOL. No. 10. ISSUED AUTHORITY METEOROLOGICAL Annual Subscription.
45. BY THE OF THE COMMITTEE. including
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OCTOBER, 1928. Mild and wet but with fair Frequent

considerable periods. strong winds
and gales during second half of month.

Apart from rather cold weather at the beginning and end of the The extreme temperatures for the month were : -(England and
the 11th, 13th and 22nd, October Rain Wales) 69F. Selsey Bill
month and about was mild. at on the 7th and at Shoeburyness on the 8th,
fell frequently and monthly totals were decidely above the 22'F. Mayfield (Staffs. ) on the 1st. Scotland, 67'F.
normal,
and at at
Smeaton
in some extreme northern and eastern districts of Great Britain
(Haddington) the 8th 21F. West Linton (Peebles)

except on and at and

there was a deficiency. There were, however,
Eskdalemuir (Dumfries) 1st. Ireland 68'F.
where considerable
on the at Belfast on the
bright in most districts in England
5th
periods and monthly aggregates of and 28'F. at Dublin (Phoenix Park) and Mountmellick (Queen's Co. )
bright sunshine exceeded the normal. the 1st.
on
During the first few days of the month, mainly fair anticyclonic
10 hours being Precipitation. 1928 was predominantly wet, and, except in
conditions prevailed generally, sunshine recorded at -October
districts of Scotland in
stations in the south and east of England on the 1st, and between some north-eastern and extreme northern and

10 hours in many some north-eastern and eastern districts

monthly of England, totals
of
9 hours and sunshine parts of the country on the 4th.
precipitation the The the
The last few days of September had been unseasonably cold and very
exceeded normal. general precipitation of
in the British Isles expressed as a precentage of the normal for the period

low temperatures were recorded screen on the morning of the

1881-1915 150 ; the for the
constituent
Ist (21F. at Eskdalemuir and
West Linton). was values countries were

England and Wales 147, Scotland 145, Ireland 165.

Associated with a depression

centred off north-west Ireland, rain
fall in the western districts Ireland In
a few districts in the north-east and east of England precipitation
to of on the 4th and by
commenced
the 5th had extended to the whole country. Temperature had was below the rormal, but elsewhere in England and Wales there was a
risen
decided excess, more than one and a half times the normal being re-
the weather The highest
and
for a week continued mild and unsettled.
in all districts
corded in several districts and in the south of England more than twice
temperature of the month was recorded during this
Shoeburyness the temperature 8th the normal. At Eastbourne the month's total of 201 mm. has been
period : at on the reached
69F.
heavy falls intervening exceeded in only two previous months, October, 1889 (207 mm. ) and

were frequent
There of rain with bright
periods ;
during the 24 hrs. commencing December 1915 (213 mm. ). At Tenbury the month was the wettest

44 mm. fell at Eskdalemuir at 7h. on the

fell in Ireland October 1907. The month's total at Shanklin (Isle Wight)
6th. Heavy rain and in the south and west of England and
since of was
10-11th, the highest recorded in
any month since observations commenced there
Wales during the night of the widely on the 11th and in the
12th. Much fell in January, 1906. Amongst some
notably heavy falls recorded during
south of England on the rain in Ireland and in the
district of Great Britain on the 14th, the rain to the
the month were 61 mm. at Petersfield, 56 mm. at Guernsey (St. Peters

western spreading

during the Port) 50 mm. at Holton Heath on the 26th and 45 mm. at Ashburton
districts night of the 14th-15th (15
mm. were
eastern

of the 15th at Kew Observatory and 4 mm. at Dean Prior on the

19th.
measured on the morning and Croydon).

locally days. In Scotland precipitation in general was in excess except some in

Thunderstorms occurred on several

north-eastern a pd extreme northern dish-. "icts where there was a deficiency.
In Scotland, associated with northerly to easterly winds, the days
9th, In the south and west the excess was pronounced, some areas having
became somewhat cold after the and from the 10th to the 14th
appreciably more than twice the normal. At Rothesay the total of
low minimum temperatures were recorded in the screen in eastern
interruption 262 mm. w. s the la-est total ;n any month since December 1919
districts. This temporary of the mild weather extended to
on the 13th during (282 mm. ) and during the last 120 years a larger total has been recorded
all districts and the nights of the 12t-13th
nearly in October in '917 (267 mm. ). After fine days,
minimum temperatures in the low for the only some rain was
and 13th-14th screen were
frost general from 5t1i to 10th or 1 1th with some 1"- vy falls, chiefly in south-
while severe ground occurred widely. Sunny
time of year periods,

in many districts between the 10th

and 15th. ern districts, on iti, 9 h, and 11th (65 "im. at Monreith in Wigtownshire
however, occurred
fair on the 11th). On 16th heavy rain commenced in the
west., and on 18th
Mild and unsettled conditions with periods were renewed c1 the
from fair and 19th vei y heap. y fells were widespread, with a two days' aggregate
on
the 14th and, apart generally weather on the 28th,
west 75 mm. h. inlochquoich
the end of the mouth. Strong local
exceeding over wide areas ; at as much as
persisted until winds and gales
frequent some very heavy local rain occurred at times,
76 mm. on It h followed by 33 mm. on 19th ; and at Corr; e, Arran,
and notably
were
64 19th. There further heavy falls on 20th
26th. Heavy rain and strong winds, reaching gale force in many
mm. on were rzther and
on the

from the 18th to the 20th, 23rd to 24th 21st, whilst the period from 23rd to 3Cth was almost continuDusly wet
occurred and on the 26th.

places, in districts, daily falls 25 mm.

some western with many exceeding and
and Wind. during the month Glenquoich 24th. Northern
pressure -Conditions were mostly at as much as 55 mm. on and eastern
high pressure occurring chiefly during the first few days districts . nee from heavy falls.
cyclonic, coastal were relatively really
the 13th. Monthly means of atmospheric pressure Except in Dublin,
and on were neighbourhcod the of where precipicatdon was
the normal and at Stornoway the mean monthly pressure at about normal. monthly totals in Ireland greatly exceeded the normal in
below
7h. G. M. T. was as much as 7 millibars below the normal. Winds
all districts
were and in a few reached or exceeded twice the normal. Amongst
between south and south-west and frequently strong in force.
some notable heavy daily falls were 33 mm, at Waterford on the 7th
mostly
in exposed situations in Ireland and the western 7th Markree 10th.
Gales occurred
coastal and 31 mm. at Blacksod Point on the and at on the
Great Britain on the 18th-19th and 19th-20th, in the
south-

districts of
the 24th 26th in Northern Ireland
Sunshine. intervals occurred frequently during the month
England on and and and -Bright
west
of
England the 31st. Gusts exceeding 70 m. p. h.
were and is most districts of England monthly aggregates of bright sunshine
north-west the normal. Representative for districts
en the (85 e/hr), at Dunfanaghy (76
were above aggregates ranged
recorded
from 123 per cent. in the Channel Isles 112 per cent.
), Aldergrove (73 mi/hr), and Holyhead (81 mi/hr) on the 20th of the normal and
mi/hr.
and
31st. A small in England S. W. to 89 per cent. in Scotland W. and 81 per cent. in
Tiree (74 mi/hr) on the secondary depression which

at England 22nd Ireland N. Abundant was recorded in many districts on

the
on the was accompanied in its sunshine
across southern
proved 1st, 3rd, 4th, the 13th, on the 25th
by heavy rain and local destructive squalls of wind. Between about and 28th ; outstanding daily

passage 19.4 hr. a,. Calshot and 10' 2 hr. at Clacton and Lympne
21h. rain fell heavily in London while locally in the records were
18h. and west-end
destructive force, a sudden squall, reported to have on the Ist, 9' 5 hr. at Cahirciveen the 3rd,
on 10' 1 hr. at Lympne on the
the wind attained
than 30 seconds, damage 4th, 9' 1 hr. at Tiree and 9.3 hr. at Nairn on the 12th, 10.0 hr. at Scilly
no
longer causing structural estimated
lasted
15,000.
on the 13th, 9.1 hr. at r.: lixstowe on the 14th, 8.4 hr. at Liverpool on
of
at upwards the 25th 7.8 hr. at Cattewater the 28th.
and on
1928 was on the whole mild. Rather low
rlemperature, -October
Fog. mild cyclonic conditions
accompanied by much wind
were recorded generally at the commencement and end -The
temperatures during in general
about the 13th, and in northern districts the which prevailed the greater part of the month were
the month and about
of
but during the greater unfavourable to the development of fog ; it occurred, however, in many
22nd, part of the month temperature
11th and districts, during the first three days from the 13th
by night the for the time mostly and about
both by day and exceeded normal of year.
temperature for to the 16th.
places the mean the month was above the
In most
but in Scotland and in the north of England Wales the Miscellaneous Phenomena. halos 220
and -Observations of solar of
normal, The days during
in general was slight. mildest occurred the with parhelion were made at a few places during the month. A portion
excess 16th
5th to 8th and on the and 17th. Low minimum tempera- of the halo of 46' was observed at Oxford on the 19th. A lunar cross
period
frost in many
tures in the screen and severe ground were recorded places was seen at Woking on the night of 25-26th. Aurora was observed at
of the 1st, 12th. 13th, 22nd and 29th (23'F. in the
the mornings Lerwick on as many as 14 occasions. A display on the 25th was fairly
on
17F. on the grass at Renfrew and 29F. in the screen and widely observed and others on 18th and 20th were seen as far south as
screen and
S. Farnborough on the 1st, 30F. in the screen
17F. on the grass at and Durham on the former date and as far south as Eskdalemuir on the
Aberdeen on the 22nd and 33'F. in the latter date. Ball lightning is reported have been
21F. on the grass at screen to observed at
on the grass at Winchester and S. Farnborough
on the 29th. Smallfield, Horley (Surrey) on the afternoon
and
25F. of October, 25th.

40-9999