Oracle SQL/PLSQL Questions &

Answers:
What are cursors and how many types of cursors?

Cursor is a pointer variable in a memory and use for DML operations. Cursor
basically is a private SQL memory area it is also use to improve the
performance of the database.

There are two types of cursors.

1- Implicit cursor

2- Explicit cursor

Implicit cursor use oracles to manipulate the DML opperations and

programmer have no control on this type of cursor. We use sql%notfound and
sql%rowcount in implicit cursor. Explicit cursors are created by the
programmer and programmer can control it by using these keywords Fetch,
Open and close.

Define Oracle cursor attributes.

There are five types of cursors attributes

1- %isopen (Verify whether this cursor is open or not)

2- %found (If cursor fetch the data then %found return true)

3- %notfound (If cursor fetches not data then %notfound return true)

4- %rowcount (It return no. of rows that are in cursor and also give position of
record)

5- %bulk_rowcount (%bulk_rowcount is same like %rowcount but it is used in

bulk)

How can we pass variable in cursors?

We can pass the variable in cursor by using parameter cursor. Just we give
the variable in it like cursor C1 (my_variable number).

What is the CASE statement and where we can use it?

CASE statement is just like IT-THEN-ELSE condition it is normally use when

we are using some type of if else condition. When condition is founded true
the case statement return the result and no further evaluating of data.

What is INDEX, when and where we can use it?

Index is using for performance tuning and also give us faster data retrieval of
record from tables. Index can create on any column in table by default oracle
B-Tree index.

Which operator that are not coming in Indexing?

NOT IN operator is not coming in indexing.

How we can get limited rows in SQL?

We can get limited rows in oracle database by using ROWNUM or HAVING

clause.

What is the difference between Sub query and Co-related query?

One query contains more than one sub-query. The inner most query run first
then second outer then third outer and so on. If we will not use relation on
inner query to outer query then this query is called sub-query if we use relation
then this query called Correlated query.

Example of Sub Query:

SELECT EMP_NAME, DEPTNO FROM EMP

WHERE EMP_NAME IN (SELECT EMP_NAME FROM DEPT)

Example of Correlated Query:

SELECT EMP_NAME, DEPTNO FROM EMP

WHERE EMP_NAME IN (SELECT EMP_NAME FROM DEPT WHERE

EMP.DEPTNO = DEPT.DEPTNO)