Dear Students,

Topic of final exam 2/6/16:

The way people see themselves (their self-evaluation / self-esteem):

Does high self-esteem improve one's life? As in maman 14, the author will
give his opinion.
The text also deals with measuring self-esteem.

To review see:
Argument techniques in the grey boxes on pages 138-143 of your Workbook. (For
Hebrew see page 2 below).
Texts from psychology in your books:
o Maman 14 also deals with people's self esteem and self-opinion.
o Maman 15 deals with measurements in psychology
o "Does Confidence Really Breed Success"(attached)
Practice exam: "Defining Dyslexia: Click on Tippim & preparation: FINAL
EXAM ( ") on the home page.

Type of questions on the final exam

1. Finding the author's opinion, this will help you predict and understand important ideas
in the text.
2. Locating and understanding the views/opinions of people/ groups/ experts.
3. Recognizing support /agreement or criticism /disagreement.
4. Comparison and contrast, listing, cause and result.
5. Recognizing reference (going back in the text when you meet words such as
" these, such as, similarly, it, this ").
6. Recognizing the main purpose of the text (it should relate to the title, the blurb, the
introduction, the recommendations)

** knowing your prefixes ( mis, in, un, de, over-, under, ) can help.

Wishing you SUCCESS!!!

1
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2
 USEFUL WORDS in maman 14 (Violent Pride)
boost (1) to measure (9), measurement
tendencies (1) self-reported (11)
to question (3) correlation (11)
to contribute (3) bullies (14)
unfortunately (4) reliance
to doubt (5) significantly (25)
self-opinion (6) raising (32)
to reduce (6) improve, improvement (32)
to evaluate (7) little (7) a little
(and don't forget: likely or !!!What
does it mean? And what does "unlikely" mean?)

USEFUL WORDS in maman 15

associate (par. 1) evaluating behaviors (par. 2)
investigate (par. 1) to assess (par. 5)

little (par. 1) self- and informant-based happiness measure (par. 5)

implications (par. 2) participants self-reported life satisfaction (par. 5)

behavioral measures (par. 2) to rate (par. 6)

self-reports, self-views (par. 2), self- facilitate (par. 9)

disclosure (par. 9)

Homework: Practicing WORDS and

EXPRESSIONS
1. Circle the odd word
a. boost raise enhance reduce

b. to measure to evaluate to rate to improve

to rank to assess

2. Circle the word(s) which express opinion

unfortunately significantly tendency happily

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3. Complete the table below:
verb meaning adjective noun
to rely
to tend ------------
to assert
to assess ------------
to perform ------------
to question
to contribute -------------
to cause
correlate

4. Prefixes:
a. underlying (par. 3) = lies under, at the basis of.
What do these words mean?
underachievement:_______________________________________________
over-confidence:_________________________________________________

b. unable (par. 3) = not able.

What do these words mean?
unfamiliar faces:_________________________________________________
unattractive:__________________________________________

c. insecure (par. 30) = not secure, not safe.

What do these words mean?
insecurities:_____________________________________________________
intolerant:______________________________________________________
d. misgivings has "negative" connotations (it means fears, doubts).
What does misleading mean?_______________________________________

e. a self-doubting person (par. 5) is one who doubts his own abilities.

What do these words mean?
high self-opinion:________________________________________________
self- reported results:_____________________________________________

4
 5. Useful words
a. What is the difference between 'little' and 'a little'?
What is the difference between 'few' and a 'few'?
Would you prefer to have a few dollars or few dollars?

b. Circle the correct meaning

likely to = likable, similar to, the same as, to love, probable

c. unlikely to = ?

6. Criticism or support?
Write C next to words which signal criticism or disagreement.
Write S next to words which signal support.

1. Few experts think so... 2. There is little proof that...

3. They have ignored the fact that ... 4. John Smith claims that ....In reality...
5. Opponents point out that.... 6. Others argue that....
7. There is no evidence to support this idea... 8. There is some evidence to support this idea...

7. The Passive.
Explain the difference between:
'His personality was influenced ' and 'His personality influenced '
'He will be well treated ' and 'He will treat people well'
'They are called strangers' and 'They call strangers'
'It is said that ' and 'It said that

Answers
1. a. reduce (all the other words are about making something bigger)
b. to improve (all the other words are connected to measuring, ranking)

5
2. unfortunately happily

3.
verb meaning adjective noun
to rely reliable reliance (on)
to tend ------------ tendency
to assert \ assertive assertion
to assess ------------ assessment
to perform ------------ performance
to question questionable question, questionability
to contribute ------------- contribution
to cause causal, causative causation
to correlate correlated correlation

4. Prefixes:
underlying (par. 3) = lies under, at the basis of.
Underachievement: achieving less than others
over-confidence: being more confident than normal
unable (par. 3) = not able.
unfamiliar faces: not familiar, not known
unattractive: not good looking

insecure (par. 28) = not secure, not safe.

insecurities: feelings that one is unsafe, feelings of lack of self-confidence
intolerant: not tolerant, not accepting others as they are

misgivings has "negative" connotations (it means fears, doubts).

misleading: wrong, causes people to go the wrong way

a self-doubting person (par. 5) is one who doubts his own abilities.

high self-opinion: someone who thinks highly of him/herself
self- reported results: results that people report about themselves

5a. In "little" or "few" the emphasis is on the negative: there is nearly nothing.
In "a little" or "a few", the emphasis is that although not much, still there is
something.
Clearly "a few" dollars is better.

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 b. likely to = probable c. unlikely to = improbable.

6.
1. Few experts think so... (C)
3. They have ignored the fact that ... (C)
5. Opponents point out that.... (C)
7. There is no evidence to support this idea (C)
2. There is little proof that... (C)
4. John Smith claims that ....In reality... (C)
6. Others argue that.... (C)
8. There is some evidence to support this idea... (S)

7. The Passive.
'His personality was influenced ' : others influenced him
'His personality influenced ' : he influenced others

'He will be well treated ' : others will treat him well
'He will treat people well' : he will treat others well

'They are called strangers' : others call them strangers

'They call strangers' : They call strangers (maybe on the phone!)

'It is said that ' : People say that ..

'It said that ' : It said that ..