DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................................i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.................................................................................ii

KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................iii

DAFTAR ISI...........................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................v

DAFTAR TABEL....................................................................................................vi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN...............................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah ..............................................................................3

1.3 Lokasi Penelitian ...................................................................................3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.............................................................................4

2.1 Geologi Regional...................................................................................4

2.1.1 Fisiografi .....................................................................................4

2.1.2 Tektonik........................................................................................5

2.1.3 Struktur Geologi...........................................................................7

2.1.4 Stratigrafi Regional......................................................................8

2.2 Dasar Teori .........................................................................................12

2.2.1 Pengertian Air ............................................................................12

2.2.2 Sumber Air ................................................................................14

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 2.2.2.1 Air Hujan........................................................................14

2.2.2.2 Air permukaan................................................................14

2.2.2.3 Air Tanah........................................................................15

2.2.3 Sarana Air Bersih.......................................................................16

2.2.3.1 Sumur Gali (Sumur Dangkal)........................................16

2.2.3.2 Sumur Bor (Sumur Dalam )...........................................20

2.2.4 Peranan Air Bagi Kehidupan Manusia......................................20

2.2.5 Sifat Kimia Air Tanah................................................................21

2.2.6 Klasifikasi dan Evolusi Kimia Air Tanah..................................24

2.2.6.1 Sistem Klasifikasi Kimia Air.........................................25

2.2.7 Keseimbangan Kimia Air Tanah...............................................32

2.2.8 Susunan Air Tanah.....................................................................35

2.2.9 Cekungan Air Tanah.................................................................36

2.2.10 Kandungan dalam Air Tanah....................................................37

2.2.10.1 Air Mengandung Zat Besi............................................37

2.2.10.2 Air Kuning Permanen .................................................38

2.2.11 Dasar Hukum Mengenai Air Tanah..........................................38

2.2.12 Standar Kualitas Air.................................................................38

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 2.2.13 Sampling Air............................................................................40

2.2.14 Parameter Analisis....................................................................41

2.2.15 Daya Hantar Listrik..................................................................49

2.2.16 Kandungan Ion ........................................................................50

2.3 Metode Penentuan Kualitas Air Tanah.................................................50

2.3.1 Pengukuran Air Permukaan........................................................50

2.3.1 .1 Kecepatan Arus.............................................................51

2.3.1.2 Aliran.............................................................................52

2.3.1.3 Aliran Arus.....................................................................54

2.3.2 Pengukuran Air Bawah Permukaan............................................59

2.3.2.1 Infiltrasi..........................................................................59

2.3.3 Pengukuran Karakteristik Fisiografi..........................................60

2.4 Pencemaran Air Tanah..........................................................................66

2.4.2 Pengertian dan Ciri Pencemaran Air Tanah............................... 66

2.5 Penyebab Pencemaran Air Tanah.........................................................66

2.6 Dampak dan Cara Penanggulangan Pencemaran Air Tanah................68

BAB III MAKSUD, TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT ................................................70

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ........................................................................71

4.1 Diagram Alir Metode Penelitian...................................................................71

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 4.2 Rancangan Penelitian...........................................................................72

4.3 Pemeriksaan Sifat Fisik........................................................................72

4.4 Pemeriksaan Kimia Air Tanah..............................................................74

4.5 Proses Kimia.........................................................................................75

4.6 Interpretasi Geologi Berdasarkan Data Komposisi Air Tanah.............78

BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................................81

5.1 Hasil Survey dan Pengamatan Sumur di Kecamatan Sambong..........81

5.2 Karakteristik air sumur didaerah kecamatan Sambong.......................81

5.3 Data Lapangan......................................................................................83

BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN...................................................................

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................................

LAMPIRAN ..............................................................................................................