Answers

1.
(a) x2 + y2 6x -10y + 25 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 4x 6y + 12 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 + 2x + 6y + 6 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 4x + 4y 17 = 0
(e) x2 + y2
2,
10y + 9 = 0
(a) centre (1, 2), radius 5 (b) centre (2, 3), radius 3 (c) centre (1, 0), radius 2
(d) centre (3, 2 ), radius 6 (e) centre (1, 2 ), radius q 2
7 3 19
1

3.
(a) 4y = 3x 20 (b) 4y + 3x = 15 (c) 4y + 3x + 49 = 0
(d) 5y + 12x = 61 (e) 5y + 12x = 184

4. The points of intersection are (1, 3) and (1, 1). The mid-point of these is (0, 1) which is the center of the circle, and hence y = 2x + 1 is a
diameter. The tangents are 2y + x = 7 and
2y + x = 3 respectively.

5. The points of intersection are (1, 2) and (2, 1). The tangents are y = 2 and x = 2
respectively. They intersect at the point (2, 2).

6. The points of intersection are (4, 2) and (2, 6). The tangents are 3y + x = 10 and y = 3x
respectively. They intersect at the point (1, 3).
Find the equation of the tangent to each circle at the point specified:
(a) circle x2 + y2 2x 4y 20 = 0, point (4,2);
(b) circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 2 20 = 0, point (1, 3);
(c) circle x2 + y2 6x + 4y 87 = 0, point (3,10);
(d) circle x2 + y2 + 18x-88 = 0, point (3, 5);
(e) circle x2 + y2 6y 160 = 0, point (12, 8).
4. Find the points of intersection of the line y = 2x + 1 and the circle x2 + y 2y + 4 = 0.
Show that the line y = 2x + 1 is a diameter of the circle. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at one
of the points of intersection.
5. Find the points of intersection of the line y = x 3 and the circle x2+ y2 2x + 2y + 1 = 0.
What are the tangents at the points of intersection? Where do they intersect?
6. Find the points where the circle x2 + y2 10x 10y + 40 = 0 and the line y + 2x = 10
Intersect. Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at each of the points of intersection. Find the point of
intersection of these two tangents.
The line y = x + a, where a is positive has a slope of +1 and a positive y intercept.
The slope of the circle at the point of tangency therefore must be +1. The slope of a curve is revealed by its derivative. Where would
the slope be +1? It must be either "above" or "below" the circle, but look at the diagram here:

Clearly only the top line has a positive y intercept, so that is the one to look for.
Now take the derivative of the equation with respect to x:
d/dx (x2 + y2) = d/dx (2)
2x + 2y dy/dx = 0
dy/dx = -x/y.
Since you know that at the point of tangency the slope is 1, we have 1 = -x / y, so y = -x.
Now let's solve for x and y knowing that they have opposite signs and the same magnitude:
x2 + y 2 = 2
x2 + x 2 = 2
2x2 = 2
x = +/- 1.
Look again at the diagram above. Clearly, we know that the point of tangency we are interested in is in quadrant II, so we know x = -1.
This means y = +1.
Now you have the point of tangency and the slope of the line, so you can quickly use the point-slope line equation to determine the
line and put that into the form y = x + a to find the value of a.
In the figure above with tangent line and secant line ,
(1)

The line tangent to a circle of radius centered at

Through can be found by solving the equation

giving
 The tangent
Tangent to a circle
quadrilateral theorem and inscribed circles
A tangential quadrilateral
Finding the equation of ABCD is a closed
a tangent to figure of four straight sides that are tangent to a given circle C. Equivalently, the
a circle
Finding
circle C isthe equation
inscribed ofquadrilateral
in the a tangent toABCD.
a circle is unlike
By the findingthe
Pitot theorem, a tangent to a polynomial.
sums of opposite sides of anyBecause a tangentare
such quadrilateral is
aequal,
straight
i.e., line, you need both a point and the gradient to find its equation. You are usually given the point -
Tangential quadrilateral
it's
Thiswhere the tangent
conclusion meets
follows from the the circle.
equality of the tangent segments from the four vertices of the quadrilateral. Let the tangent
The method for finding the gradient uses the fact that the tangent is perpendicular to the radius from the
points be denoted as P (on segment AB), Q (on segment BC), R (on segment CD) and S (on segment DA). The symmetric
point it segments
tangent meets the circle.
about eachWork out
point of the are
ABCD gradient of the
equal, e.g., radiusCQ=CR=c,
BP=BQ=b, at the point the tangent
DR=DS=d, meets
and AS=AP=a. Butthe circle,
each side ofand
the
you can use the
quadrilateral equation
is composed of m
two x mtgttangent
CP such = -1 tosegments
find the gradient of the tangent.
Proving the theorem.
The converse is also true: a circle can be inscribed into every quadrilateral in which the lengths of opposite sides sum to the
same value.
This theorem and its converse have various uses. For example, they show immediately that no rectangle can have an
inscribed circle unless it is a square, and that every rhombus has an inscribed circle, whereas a general parallelogram does
not.

Find the equation of the tangent to the circle at the point P(5, -2) which lies on
the circle.
centre = (1,1)

hence since
so equation of the tangent at P is
 Calculating tangent
line in a circle
-In Euclidean plane geometry, a tangent line to a circle is a line that touches the circle at exactly
one point, never entering the circle's interior.