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Salzburg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the city in Austria. For the state, see Salzburg (state). For
other uses, see Salzburg (disambiguation).
Salzburg, Austria
Salzburg viewed from the Festung Hohensalzburg
Salzburg viewed from the Festung Hohensalzburg
Salzburg, Austria is located in Austria
Salzburg, Austria
Salzburg, Austria
Location within Austria
Coordinates: 47480N 13020ECoordinates: 47480N 13020E
Country Austria
State Salzburg
District Statutory city
Government
Mayor Heinz Schaden (SP)
Area
Total 65.678 km2 (25.358 sq mi)
Elevation 424 m (1,391 ft)
Population (1 January 2016)[1]
Total 150,887
Density 2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 5020
Area code 0662
Vehicle registration S
Website www.stadt-salzburg.at
Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg
Salzburg Salzburgs old town.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Location Austria Edit this on Wikidata
Area 66 km2 (710,000,000 sq ft)
Includes Q1852160 Edit this on Wikidata
Criteria ii, iv, vi
Reference 784
Coordinates 474800N 130200E
Inscription 1996 (20th Session)
Website www.stadt-salzburg.at
Salzburg is located in Austria
Salzburg
Location of Salzburg
[edit on Wikidata]

Salzburg (German pronunciation: [zaltsb k] (About this sound listen);[note 1]

Bavarian: Sizburg; literally: "Salt Fortress") is the fourth-largest city in
Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg.

Salzburg's "Old Town" (Altstadt) is internationally renowned for its baroque

architecture and is one of the best-preserved city centers north of the Alps. It
was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The city has three universities
and a large population of students. Tourists also visit Salzburg to tour the
historic center and the scenic Alpine surroundings.
Salzburg was the birthplace of 18th-century composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In
the mid-20th century, the city was the setting for the musical play and film The
Sound of Music.

Contents

1 History
1.1 Antiquity to the High Middle Ages
1.2 Independence
1.3 Modern era
1.3.1 Religious conflict
1.3.2 Illuminism
1.4 Electorate of Salzburg
1.5 Austrian annexation of Salzburg
1.6 Salzburg under Bavarian rule
1.7 Division of Salzburg and annexation by Austria and Bavaria
1.8 20th century
1.8.1 First republic
1.8.2 Annexation by the Third Reich
1.8.3 World War II
1.8.4 Present day
2 Geography
2.1 Climate
3 Population development
4 Architecture
4.1 Romanesque and Gothic
4.2 Renaissance and baroque
4.3 Classical modernism and post-war modernism
4.4 Contemporary architecture
5 Districts
6 Main sights
7 Tours
8 Education
8.1 Universities and higher education institutions
9 Notable citizens
10 Events
11 Transport
12 Popular culture
13 Language
14 Sports
14.1 Football
14.2 Ice hockey
14.3 Other sports
15 International relations
15.1 Twin townssister cities
16 Gallery
17 See also
18 Notes
19 References
20 Bibliography
21 External links

History
See also: Timeline of Salzburg
Antiquity to the High Middle Ages

Traces of human settlements have been found in the area, dating to the Neolithic
Age. The first settlements in Salzburg continuous with the present were apparently
by the Celts around the 5th century BC.

Around 15 BC the Roman Empire merged the settlements into one city. At this time,
the city was called "Juvavum" and was awarded the status of a Roman municipium in
45 AD. Juvavum developed into an important town of the Roman province of Noricum.
After the Norican frontiers collapse, Juvavum declined so sharply that by the late
7th century it nearly became a ruin.[4]

The Life of Saint Rupert credits the 8th-century saint with the city's rebirth.
When Theodo of Bavaria asked Rupert to become bishop c. 700, Rupert reconnoitered
the river for the site of his basilica. Rupert chose Juvavum, ordained priests, and
annexed the manor Piding. Rupert named the city "Salzburg". He traveled to
evangelise among pagans.

The name Salzburg means "Salt Castle" (Latin: Salis Burgium). The name derives from
the barges carrying salt on the Salzach River, which were subject to a toll in the
8th century as was customary for many communities and cities on European rivers.
The Festung Hohensalzburg, the city's fortress, was built in 1077 by Archbishop
Gebhard, who made it his residence.[5] It was greatly expanded during the following
centuries.
Independence

Independence from Bavaria was secured in the late 14th century. Salzburg was the
seat of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire.
As the reformation movement gained steam, riots broke out among peasants in the
areas in and around Salzburg. The city was occupied during the German Peasants'
War, and the archbishop had to flee to the safety of the fortress[6] It was
besieged for three months in 1525.

Eventually, tensions were quelled, and the city's independence led to an increase
in wealth and prosperity, culminating in the late 16th to 18th centuries under the
Prince Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau, Markus Sittikus, and Paris Lodron.
It was in the 17th century that Italian architects (and Austrians who had studied
the Baroque style) rebuilt the city center as it is today along with many palaces.
[7]
Modern era
Religious conflict
Mozart was born in Salzburg, capital of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, a former
ecclesiastical principality in what is now Austria, then part of the Holy Roman
Empire of the German Nation
Main article: Salzburg Protestants

On 31 October 1731, the 214th anniversary of the 95 Theses, Archbishop Count

Leopold Anton von Firmian signed an Edict of Expulsion, the Emigrationspatent,
directing all Protestant citizens to recant their non-Catholic beliefs. 21,475
citizens refused to recant their beliefs and were expelled from Salzburg. Most of
them accepted an offer by King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, traveling the length
and breadth of Germany to their new homes in East Prussia.[8] The rest settled in
other Protestant states in Europe and the British colonies in America.
Illuminism

In 17721803, under archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo, Salzburg was a centre
of late Illuminism.
Electorate of Salzburg

In 1803, the archbishopric was secularised by Emperor Napoleon; he transferred the

territory to Ferdinando III of Tuscany, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, as the
Electorate of Salzburg.
Austrian annexation of Salzburg
In 1805, Salzburg was annexed to the Austrian Empire, along with the Berchtesgaden
Provostry.
Salzburg under Bavarian rule

In 1809, the territory of Salzburg was transferred to the Kingdom of Bavaria after
Austria's defeat at Wagram.
Division of Salzburg and annexation by Austria and Bavaria

After the Congress of Vienna with the Treaty of Munich (1816), Salzburg was
definitively returned to Austria, but without Rupertigau and Berchtesgaden, which
remained with Bavaria. Salzburg was integrated into the Salzach province and
Salzburgerland was ruled from Linz.[9]

In 1850, Salzburg's status was restored as the capital of the Duchy of Salzburg, a
crownland of the Austrian Empire. The city became part of Austria-Hungary in 1866
as the capital of a crownland into the Austrian Empire. The nostalgia of the
Romantic Era led to increased tourism. In 1892, a funicular was installed to
facilitate tourism to the fortress of Hohensalzburg[10]
Salzburg in 1914
20th century
First republic

Following World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; Salzburg,
as the capital of one of the Austro-Hungarian territories, became part of the new
German Austria. In 1918, it represented the residual German-speaking territories of
the Austrian heartlands. This was replaced by the First Austrian Republic in 1919,
after the Treaty of Versailles.
Annexation by the Third Reich
Young Austrians at celebrations just after the Anschluss

The Anschluss (the occupation and annexation of Austria, including Salzburg, into
the Third Reich) took place the 12 March 1938, one day before a scheduled
referendum about Austria's independence. German troops moved into the city.
Political opponents, Jewish citizens and other minorities were subsequently
arrested and deported to concentration camps. The synagogue was destroyed. After
Germany invaded the Soviet Union, several POW camps for prisoners from the Soviet
Union and other enemy nations were organized in the city.

During the Nazi occupation, a Roma camp was built in Salzburg-Maxglan. It was an
Arbeitserziehungslager (work 'education' camp), which provided slave labour to
local industry. It also operated as a Zwischenlager (transit camp), holding Roma
before their deportation to German extermination camps or ghettos in German-
occupied territories in eastern Europe.[11]
World War II

Allied bombing destroyed 7,600 houses and killed 550 inhabitants. 15 strikes
destroyed 46 percent of the city's buildings, especially those around Salzburg
train station. Although the town's bridges and the dome of the cathedral were
destroyed, much of its Baroque architecture remained intact. As a result, it is one
of the few remaining examples of a town of its style. American troops entered
Salzburg on 5 May 1945.

In the city of Salzburg, there were several DP Camps following World War II. Among
these were Riedenburg, Camp Herzl (Franz-Josefs-Kaserne), Camp Mlln, Bet Bialik,
Bet Trumpeldor, and New Palestine. Salzburg was the centre of the American-occupied
area in Austria.
Present day
After World War II, Salzburg became the capital city of the State of Salzburg (Land
Salzburg). On 27 January 2006, the 250th anniversary of the birth of Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart, all 35 churches of Salzburg rang their bells after 8:00 p.m. (local
time) to celebrate the occasion. Major celebrations took place throughout the year.
Geography

Salzburg is on the banks of the Salzach River, at the northern boundary of the
Alps. The mountains to Salzburg's south contrast with the rolling plains to the
north. The closest alpine peak, the 1,972-metre-high Untersberg, is less than 16
kilometres (10 miles) from the city centre. The Altstadt, or "old town", is
dominated by its baroque towers and churches and the massive Festung Hohensalzburg.
This area is surrounded by two smaller mountains, the Mnchsberg and Kapuzinerberg,
which offer green relief within the city. Salzburg is approximately 150 km (93 mi)
east of Munich, 281 km (175 mi) northwest of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and 300 km (186
mi) west of Vienna.
Climate

Salzburg is part of the temperate zone. The Kppen climate classification specifies
the climate as either oceanic climate (Cfb) or humid continental (Dfb), depending
on which isotherm for winter means are used. With the more regular 3 C (27 F)
one for the coldest month, Salzburg would be a four-season oceanic climate with
significant temperature differences between seasons. Due to the location at the
northern rim of the Alps, the amount of precipitation is comparatively high, mainly
in the summer months. The specific drizzle is called Schnrlregen in the local
dialect. In winter and spring, pronounced foehn winds regularly occur.
[hide]Climate data for Salzburg-Flughafen (LOWS)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Year
Record high C (F) 20.1
(68.2) 21.7
(71.1) 24.9
(76.8) 27.9
(82.2) 32.2
(90) 35.6
(96.1) 38.6
(101.5) 35.6
(96.1) 32.1
(89.8) 28.2
(82.8) 23.5
(74.3) 18.6
(65.5) 38.6
(101.5)
Average high C (F) 3.2
(37.8) 5.6
(42.1) 10.4
(50.7) 14.3
(57.7) 19.9
(67.8) 22.2
(72) 24.4
(75.9) 24.2
(75.6) 20.1
(68.2) 14.8
(58.6) 7.8
(46) 4.0
(39.2) 14.2
(57.6)
Daily mean C (F) 0.8
(30.6) 0.7
(33.3) 4.8
(40.6) 8.5
(47.3) 13.8
(56.8) 16.5
(61.7) 18.6
(65.5) 18.3
(64.9) 14.3
(57.7) 9.3
(48.7) 3.6
(38.5) 0.4
(32.7) 9.0
(48.2)
Average low C (F) 4
(25) 2.9
(26.8) 0.7
(33.3) 3.8
(38.8) 8.4
(47.1) 11.5
(52.7) 13.5
(56.3) 13.5
(56.3) 10.1
(50.2) 5.5
(41.9) 0.6
(33.1) 2.5
(27.5) 4.9
(40.8)
Record low C (F) 25.4
(13.7) 21.8
(7.2) 21.6
(6.9) 3.9
(25) 2.1
(28.2) 2.0
(35.6) 3.7
(38.7) 4.3
(39.7) 1.6
(29.1) 8
(18) 17.8
(0) 26.8
(16.2) 26.8
(16.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 59.9
(2.358) 54.7
(2.154) 78.7
(3.098) 83.1
(3.272) 114.5
(4.508) 154.8
(6.094) 157.5
(6.201) 151.3
(5.957) 101.3
(3.988) 72.6
(2.858) 83.0
(3.268) 72.8
(2.866) 1,184.2
(46.622)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 24.0
(9.45) 23.9
(9.41) 21.7
(8.54) 2.9
(1.14) 0.1
(0.04) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 12.1
(4.76) 27.8
(10.94) 112.5
(44.29)
Average precipitation days ( 1.0 mm) 10.1 9.5 11.9 11.8 12.1 15.0 14.4
13.2 10.8 9.3 10.8 11.8 140.7
Average snowy days ( 1.0 cm) 15.4 11.7 6.1 1.4 0 0 0 0
0 0.1 5.1 13.1 52.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 67.0 91.9 130.0 152.6 196.4 193.9
221.1 202.8 167.7 129.7 81.2 62.8 1,697.1
Source: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[12]
Population development
Historical population
Year Pop. %
1869 27,858
1880 33,241 +19.3%
1890 38,081 +14.6%
1900 48,945 +28.5%
1910 56,423 +15.3%
1923 60,026 +6.4%
1934 69,447 +15.7%
1939 77,170 +11.1%
1951 102,927 +33.4%
1961 108,114 +5.0%
1971 129,919 +20.2%
1981 139,426 +7.3%
1991 143,978 +3.3%
2001 142,662 0.9%
2011 145,367 +1.9%
2013 145,871 +0.3%
2015 148,420 +1.7%
2016 150,887 +1.7%
Source: Statistik Austria[13]
Largest groups of foreign residents[14]
Nationality Population (2016)
Germany 6,391
Bosnia & Herzegovina 5,278
Serbia 4,592
Turkey 2,451
Croatia 2,266
Romania 1,548
Hungary 1.087
Syria 986
Russia 963
Italy 833
Kosovo 713
United States 501

Salzburg's official population significantly increased in 1935 when the city

absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new
home in the city. New residential space was constructed for American soldiers of
the postwar occupation, and could be used for refugees when they left. Around 1950,
Salzburg passed the mark of 100,000 citizens, and in 2006, it reached the mark of
150,000 citizens.
Architecture
Ensemble view.
Sigmund Haffner Gasse Rathaus.
Romanesque and Gothic

The Romanesque and Gothic churches, the monasteries and the early carcass houses
dominated the medieval city for a long time. The Cathedral of Archbishop Conrad of
Wittelsbach was the largest basilica north of the Alps. The choir of the Franciscan
Church Hall, construction was begun by Hans von Burghausen and completed by Stephan
Krumenauer, is one of the most prestigious religious gothic constructions of
southern Germany. At the end of the Gothic era the Collegiate church "Nonnberg",
Margaret Chapel in St. Peter's Cemetery, the St. George's Chapel and the stately
halls of the "Hoher Stock" in the Hohensalzburg Castle were constructed.
Renaissance and baroque

Inspired by Vincenzo Scamozzi, Prince Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau began
to transform the medieval town to the architectural ideals of the late Renaissance.
Plans for a massive cathedral by Scamozzi failed to materialize upon the fall of
the archbishop. A second cathedral planned by Santino Solari rose as the first
early Baroque church in Salzburg. It served as an example for many other churches
in Southern Germany and Austria. Markus Sittikus and Paris von Lodron continued to
rebuild the city with major projects such as Hellbrunn Palace, the prince
archbishop's residence, the university buildings, fortifications, and many other
buildings. Giovanni Antonio Daria managed by order of Prince Archbishop Guido von
Thun the construction of the residential well. Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli, by order
of the same archbishop, created the Erhard and the Kajetan church in the south of
the town. The city's redesign was completed with buildings designed by Johann
Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, donated by Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun.

After the era of Ernst von Thun, the city's expansion came to a halt, which is the
reason why there are no churches built in the rococo style. Sigismund von
Schrattenbach continued with the construction of "Sigmundstor" and the statue of
holy Maria on the cathedral square. With the fall and division of the former
"Frsterzbistums Salzburg" (Archbishopric) to Upper Austria, Bavaria (Rupertigau)
and Tyrol (Zillertal Matrei) began a long period of urban stagnancy. This era
didn't end before the period of promoterism (Grnderzeit) brought new life into
urban development. The builder dynasty Jakob Ceconi and Carl Freiherr von Schwarz
filled major positions in shaping the city in this era.[15]
Classical modernism and post-war modernism
The Red Bull Hangar-7
Residential and studio house Lechner in the old town

Buildings of classical modernism and in particular the post-war modernism are

frequently encountered in Salzburg. Examples are the Zahnwurzen house (a house in
the Linzergasse 22 in the right center of the old town), the "Lepi" (a public baths
in Leopoldskron) (built 1964) and the original 1957 constructed congress center of
Salzburg, which was replaced by a new building in 2001. An important and famous
example of architecture of this era is the 1960 opening of the Groes Festspielhaus
by Clemens Holzmeister.
Contemporary architecture

Adding contemporary architecture to Salzburg's old town without risking its UNESCO
World Heritage status is problematic. Yet some new structures have been added: the
Mozarteum at the baroque Mirabell garden (Architecture Robert Rechenauer),[16] the
2001 Congress house (Architecture: Freemasons), the 2011 Unipark Nonntal
(Architecture: Storch Ehlers partners), the 2001 "Makartsteg" bridge (Architecture:
HALLE1), and the "Residential and studio house" of the architects Christine and
Horst Lechner in the middle of Salzburg's old town (winner of the architecture
award of Salzburg 2010).[17][18] Other examples of contemporary architecture lie
outside the old town: the Faculty of Science building (Universitt Salzburg
Architecture Willhelm Holzbauer) built on the edge of free green space, the blob
architecture of Red Bull Hangar-7 (Architecture: Volkmar Burgstaller[19]) at
Salzburg Airport, home to Dietrich Mateschitz's Flying Bulls and the Europark
shopping mall. (Architecture: Massimiliano Fuksas)
Districts
Districts of Salzburg
Salzburg Cathedral
View from Mirabellgarten at night

Salzburg has twenty-four urban districts and three extra-urban populations.

Urban districts (Stadtteile):

Aigen
Altstadt
Elisabeth-Vorstadt
Gneis
Gneis-Sd
Gnigl
Itzling
Itzling-Nord
Kasern
Langwied
Lehen
Leopoldskron-Moos
Liefering
Maxglan
Maxglan-West
Morzg
Mlln
Neustadt
Nonntal
Parsch
Riedenburg
Salzburg-Sd
Taxham
Schallmoos

Extra-urban populations (Landschaftsrume):

Gaisberg
Hellbrunn
Heuberg

Main sights
Gardens in Mirabell Palace, with Salzburg fortress in the distance
The famous fountain in Mirabell Gardens (seen in the "Do-Re-Mi" song from The Sound
of Music)
View of shoppers on Getreidegasse, which is one of the oldest streets in Salzburg
The Sunset at the Staatsbrcke

Salzburg is a tourist favorite, with the number of tourists outnumbering locals by

a large margin in peak times. In addition to Mozart's birthplace noted above, other
notable places include:

Old Town

Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg, declared a World Heritage Site in 1996
Baroque architecture, including many churches
 Salzburg Cathedral (Salzburger Dom)
Hohensalzburg Castle (Festung Hohensalzburg), overlooking the Old Town, is one
of the largest castles in Europe
Franciscan Church (Franziskanerkirche)
St Peter's Abbey with the Petersfriedhof
Nonnberg Abbey, a Benedictine monastery
Salzburg Residenz, the magnificent former residence of the Prince-Archbishops
Residenzgalerie, an art museum in the Salzburg Residenz
Mozart's Birthplace
Mozart's Residence
University Church
Siegmundstor (or Neutor)
Getreidegasse
Sphaera, a sculpture of a man on a golden sphere (Stephan Balkenhol, 2007)

Outside the Old Town

Mirabell Palace, with its wide gardens full of flowers

St. Sebastian's cemetery (Sebastiansfriedhof)
Schloss Leopoldskron, a rococo palace and national historic monument in
Leopoldskron-Moos, a southern district of Salzburg
Hellbrunn with its parks and castles
The Sound of Music tour companies who operate tours of film locations
Hangar-7, a multifunctional building owned by Red Bull, with a collection of
historical airplanes, helicopters and Formula One racing cars

Greater Salzburg area

Anif Castle, located south of the city in Anif

Shrine of Our Lady of Maria Plain, a late Baroque church on the northern edge
of Salzburg
Salzburger Freilichtmuseum Grogmain, an open-air museum containing old
farmhouses from all over the state assembled in an historic setting
Schloss Klessheim, a palace and casino, formerly used by Adolf Hitler
Berghof, Hitler's mountain retreat near Berchtesgaden
Kehlsteinhaus, the only remnant of Hitler's Berghof
Salzkammergut, an area of lakes east of the city
Untersberg mountain, next to the city on the Germany-Austria border, with
panoramic views of Salzburg and the surrounding Alps
Skiing is an attraction during winter. Salzburg itself has no skiing
facilities, but it acts as a gateway to skiing areas to the south. During the
winter months its airport receives charter flights from around Europe.
Salzburg Zoo, located south of the city in Anif

Tours

Salzburg offers a variety of different tour operators. Below are some of the tour
operators:

Be Special Tours: Salzburg and not only [3].Offers private tours and other
tours in and around Salzburg in mini-vans. Daily Open.
Bob's Special Tours: Sound of Music [4]. Offers tours daily. Daily open.
Edelweiss Tours [5]. Open daily. Offers transfers and tours in the area of
Salzburg.
Maria Bike tours [6]. Daily open in the summer. Offer bike tours in Salzburg.
Panorama Tours: Salzburg [7]. Daily open. Offers hop-on, hop-off tours, Sound
of Music tours and other tours in Buses and mini vans.
Rikschatours: Salzburg close-up [8]: The bicycles have access to all the
squares and sights of Salzburg. MayOctober daily open.
 Salzburg Guides: The official homepage of the licensed Guides in Salzburg [9].
Daily open. Offer walking tours in Salzburg.

More details can be fond at the local tourism office [10]

Education

Salzburg is a centre of education and home to three universities, as well as

several professional colleges and gymnasiums (high schools).
Universities and higher education institutions

University of Salzburg, a federal public university

Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg
Mozarteum University of Salzburg, a public music university
Alma Mater Europaea, a private university
Fachhochschule Salzburg, an applied sciences school

Notable citizens
Mozart's birthplace at Getreidegasse 9

The composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born and raised in Salzburg, was employed
as musician at the archbishopal court from 1773 to 1781. His house of birth and
residence are tourist attractions. His family is buried in a small church graveyard
in the old town, and there are many monuments to "Wolferl" in the city.
The composer Johann Michael Haydn, brother of the composer Joseph Haydn. His
works were admired by Mozart and Schubert. He was also the teacher of Carl Maria
von Weber and Anton Diabelli and is known for his sacred music.
Christian Doppler, expert on acoustic theory, was born in Salzburg. He is most
known for his discovery of the Doppler effect.
Josef Mohr,s born in Salzburg. Together with Franz Gruber, he composed and
wrote the text for "Silent Night". As a priest in neighbouring Oberndorf he
performed the song for the first time on Christmas Eve 1818.
King Otto of Greece was born Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria at the
Palace of Mirabell, a few days before the city reverted from Bavarian to Austrian
rule.
Writer Stefan Zweig, lived in Salzburg for about 15 years, until 1934.
Maria Von Trapp (later Maria Trapp) and her family lived in Salzburg until they
fled to the United States following the Nazi takeover.
Salzburg is the birthplace of Hans Makart, a 19th-century Austrian painter-
decorator and national celebrity. Makartplatz (Makart Square) is named in his
honour.
Writer Thomas Bernhard, raised in Salzburg and spent part of his life there.
Herbert von Karajan, notable musician and conductor. He was born in Salzburg
and died in 1989 in neighbouring Anif.
Anthropologist Udo Ludwig was born here.
Roland Ratzenberger, Formula One driver, was born in Salzburg. He died in
practice for the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix.
Joseph Leutgeb, French horn virtuoso
Klaus Ager, distinguished contemporary composer and Mozarteum professor, was
born in Salzburg on 10 May 1946.
Alex Jesaulenko, former Australian rules footballer for Carlton and Australian
Football Hall of Fame member with "Legend" status was born in Salzburg on 2 August
1945.
Georg Trakl, one of the most important voices in German literature and he was
also born in Salzburg.
Theodor Herzl, worked in the courts in Salzburg during the year after he earned
his law degree in 1884.[20]
Skydiver and BASE Jumper Felix Baumgartner, who set three world records during
the Red Bull Stratos project on 14 October 2012.
Braden, Gerald Wilhelm. "Classical Orchestral & Chamber Music". Gerald Wilhelm
Braden "Wiener Blut" Classical Music Channel :
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxHS2BRUkknhHM6DMwKLQjQ

Events

The Salzburg Festival is a famous music festival that attracts visitors during
the months of July and August each year. A smaller Salzburg Easter Festival is held
around Easter each year.
The Europrix multimedia award takes place in Salzburg.

Transport
Salzburg Airport
Map of the Salzburg trolleybus system.

The city is served by comprehensive rail connections, with frequent east-west

trains serving Vienna, Munich, Innsbruck, and Zrich, including daily high-speed
ICE services. The city acts as a hub for south-bound trains through the Alps into
Italy.

Salzburg Airport has scheduled flights to European cities such as Frankfurt,

Vienna, London, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Brussels, Dsseldorf, and Zrich, as well as
Hamburg, Edinburgh and Dublin. In addition to these, there are numerous charter
flights.

In the main city, there is the Salzburg trolleybus system and bus system with a
total of more than 20 lines, and service every 10 minutes. Salzburg has an S-Bahn
system with four Lines (S1, S2, S3, S11), trains depart from the main station every
30 minutes, and they are part of the BB network. Suburb line number S1 reaches the
world-famous Silent Night chapel in Oberndorf in about 25 minutes.
Popular culture

In the 1960s, the movie The Sound of Music used some locations in and around
Salzburg and the state of Salzburg. The movie was based on the true story of Maria
von Trapp who took up with an aristocratic family and fled the German Anschluss.
Although the film is not particularly popular nor well known among Austrians, the
town draws many visitors who wish to visit the filming locations, alone or on
tours.

Salzburg is the setting for the Austrian crime series Stockinger.

In the 2010 film Knight & Day, Salzburg serves as the backdrop for a large portion
of the film.
Language

Austrian German is widely written. Austro-Bavarian is the German dialect of this

territory and widely spoken.
Sports
Football

The former SV Austria Salzburg reached the UEFA Cup final in 1994. On 6 April 2005
Red Bull bought the club and changed its name into FC Red Bull Salzburg. The home
stadium of Red Bull Salzburg is the Wals Siezenheim Stadium in a suburb in the
agglomeration of Salzburg and was one of the venues for the 2008 European Football
Championship. The FC Red Bull Salzburg plays in the Austrian Bundesliga.

After Red Bull had bought the SV Austria Salzburg and changed its name and team
colors, some supporters of the club decided to leave and form a new club with the
old name and old colors, wanting to preserve the traditions of their club. The
reformed SV Austria Salzburg was founded in 2005 and currently plays in the Erste
Liga, only one tier below the Bundesliga.
Ice hockey

Red Bull also sponsors the local ice hockey team, the EC Salzburg Red Bulls. The
team plays in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga, an Austria-headquartered crossborder
league featuring the best teams from Austria, Hungary, Slovenia and Italy, as well
as one Czech team.
Other sports

Salzburg was a candidate city for the 2010 & 2014 Winter Olympics, but lost to
Vancouver and Sochi respectively.
International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria
Twin townssister cities

Salzburg is twinned with:[21]

France Reims, Marne, Grand Est, France, since 1964

Italy Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy, since 1973
Nicaragua Len, Nicaragua, since 1984
Tanzania Singida, Tanzania, since 1984
Italy Busseto, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, since 1988
Lithuania Vilnius, Lithuania, since 1989
Germany Dresden, Saxony, Germany, since 1991[22]
Japan Kawasaki, Japan, since 1992
Italy Meran, South Tyrol, Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol, Italy, since 2000
China Shanghai, China, since 2004

Gallery

The Salzburg basin

Salzburg seen on takeoff from Salzburg Airport

The fortress (background), Salzburg Cathedral (middle), River Salzach

(foreground)

A sunny day on the fortress

Festung Hohensalzburg (background), Kapitel Square with the "Pferdeschwemme",

(foreground)

BB rail connection to Salzburg in Innsbruck

Untersberg mountain

Mozart monument

Fountain in the Residenzplatz

Palace of Mirabell.

Mozart's birthplace

View of the old town and fortress, seen from Kapuzinerberg

View of Salzach river

Children playing the giant street chess

A night time long exposure of Salzburg
Salzburg old town with a typical narrow alleyway
Salzburg Altstadt Panorama
Salzburg panorama as seen from the Hohensalzburg Castle
See also

Austria portal

List of World Heritage Sites in Austria

Salzburgerland
Salzburg Tourism board

Notes

English pronunciation: /sltsbr, slts-, slz-, slz-, zltsbrk/[2]

[3]

References

Statistik Austria - Bevlkerung zu Jahresbeginn 2002-2016 nach Gemeinden

(Gebietsstand 1.1.2016) for Salzburg, Austria.
"Saltsburg" in the American Heritage Dictionary Archived September 27, 2014, at the
Wayback Machine.
"Salzburg" in the Oxford English Dictionary
de Fabianis, Valeria, ed. Castles of the World. Metro Books, 2013, p. 167. ISBN
978-1-4351-4845-1
de Fabianis, p. 167.
de Fabianis, p. 167
Visit Salzburg, Salzburg's History: Coming a Long Way.
Frank L. Perry, Jr., Catholics Cleanse Salzburg of Protestants, The Georgia
Salzburger Society.
Times Atlas of European History, 3rd Ed., 2002
de Fabianis, Valeria, ed. Castles of the World. Metro Books, 2013, p. 168. ISBN
978-1-4351-4845-1
"AEIOU sterreich-Lexikon Konzentrationslager, KZ". Austria-Forum.org. Retrieved
2013-06-24.
"Klimadaten von sterreich 1971 2000 Salzburg-Flughafen". Retrieved 2010-06-14.
[1]
"Statistisches Jahrbuch der Landeshauptstadt Salzburg" (PDF). Stadt Salzburg.
Retrieved 2016-11-03.
"Architecture : Salzburg Sights by Period". Visit-salzburg.net. Retrieved 2013-03-
12.
[2] Archived May 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Preistrger Salzburg Archived 2013-06-30 at the Wayback Machine.
"flow der VERBUND Blog". Verbund.com. 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2013-03-12.[permanent
dead link]
"Red Bulls Hangar-7 at Salzburg Airport". Visit Salzburg. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
"Theodor Herzl (18601904)". Jewish Agency for Israel. Archived from the original
on September 30, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-08. "He received a doctorate in law in
1884 and worked for a short while in courts in Vienna and Salzburg."
"Salzburger Stdtepartnerschaften" (in German). Stadt Salzburg. Retrieved 2015-05-
29.

"Dresden Partner Cities". 2008 Landeshauptstadt Dresden. Archived from the

original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-29.

Bibliography
 See also: Bibliography of the history of Salzburg

External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Salzburg (Stadt).

Information-related

Salzburg.eu The official information platform for Salzburg

City Bus System Official site
"Business Location Salzburg A powerful region", Salzburg's economy

Culture-related

Fine Arts and Culture in Salzburg article by local students

Official Website of the Salzburg Festival Salzburger Festspiele
Mozart's Salzburg article by Brian Robins
Digitized Salzburg objects in The European Library
Georgia Salzburger Society The website of the Georgia Salzburger Society,
descendents of the refugees who settled in Georgia after their expulsion from
Salzburg in 1731.

Olympic-related

Salzburg 2014 2014 Olympic bid website

Tourism-related

Salzburg (city) travel guide from Wikivoyage

Salzburg Tourist Office salzburg city tourist board website.
Salzburg Region Tourist Office tourist board website.
More than 1000 articles and photos from Salzburg
Various Salzburg Information Sorted by categories. Choose from 5 languages.
Salzburg Photo Gallery
The Sound Of Music : Salzburg 19642011
Salzburg Travel Guide & Panoramic Virtual Tours
The City Guide Salzburg Portal
Christmas in Salzburg, Christmas spirit all year Thewotme travel blog

[show]

v t e

Principal cities of Austria

[show]

v t e

Salzburg (state) Cities and districts (Bezirke) of the state of Salzburg

[show]

v t e

Administrative seats of Austrian states

[show]

v t e

World Heritage Sites in Austria

Authority control
 WorldCat Identities VIAF: 143061561 LCCN: n80024359 GND: 4076982-3 NDL:
00628569

Categories:

Cities and towns in Salzburg (state)Salzburg15 BC establishmentsAustrian state

capitalsDisplaced persons camps in the aftermath of World War IIDistricts of
Salzburg (state)Places related to the history of the Georgia SalzburgersWorld
Heritage Sites in AustriaUniversity towns in AustriaHolocaust locations in Austria

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