NDT Question and Answer: May 2011 Page 1 of 12

TUESDAY, 31 MAY 2011

UT Level 1 sample question set 1

Level 1 - 40 Questions (Set 1)

Ultrasonic Testing Method (General)

1. A device that transforms electrical pulses into mechanical and vice versa
utilizes:
a. Snell's law
b. piezoelectric principles
c. mode conversion principles
d. none of the above

2. Another name for Fresnel zone is:

a. Fraunhoferzone
b. near field
c. far field
d. Torrid zone

3. Attenuation is a:
a. test display characteristic
b. test material parameter
c. transducer characteristic
d. form of testing

4. 25 million cycles per second can also be stated as:

a. 25 kHz
b. 2500 kHz
c. 25 MHz FOLLOWERS
d. 25 nHz ( 35)

5. Moving a transducer over a test surface either manually or automatically is

referred to as:
a. scanning
b. attenuating
c. angulating
d. resonating

6. A term used in ultrasonic to express the rate at which sound wave pass
trough various substances is:
a. frequency
b. velocity
c. wavelength
d. pulse length BLOG ARCHIVE
2011 (6)
June (4)

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7. The indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of May (2)
the material being tested is called: UT Level 1 sample question
a. hash set 1
b. the initial pause UT Level 1 Trial Questions
c. the main bang
d. the back surface reflection
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8. Sweep range echo amplitude display on CRT is an illustration of a typical for: Wann
a. A-scan presentation
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b. B-scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation

9. Plan View mapping showing variation of thickness is an illustration of a

typical:
a. A-scan presentation
b. B-scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation

10.Cross-section of weld display on CRT is an illustration of a typical:

a. A-scan presentation
b. B-scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation

11. An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not

parallel to the test surface is called:
a. angle beam testing
b. immersion testing
c. contact testing
d. through-transmission testing

12. Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies

between:
a. 1 and 25 kHz
b. 1 and 1 000 kHz
c. 0.2 and 25 MHz
d. 15 and 100 MHz

13. In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents:

a. the amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy
b. the distance traveled by the transducer
c. the elapsed time or distance
d. none of the above

14. The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called:

a. angulation
b. calibration
c. attenuation
d. correlation

15. Another name for a compressional wave is:

a. Lamb wave
b. shear wave
c. longitudinal wave

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d. transverse wave

16. Another name for Rayleigh waves is:

a. shear waves
b. longitudinal waves
c. transverse waves
d. surface waves

17. A material used between the face of a transducer and the test surface to
permit or improve
the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the transducer to the material being
tested is called:
a. a wetting agent
b. a couplant
c. an acoustic transmitter
d. a lubricant

18. Ultrasonic testing of material where the transducer is in direct contact with the
material being
tested may be:
a. straight beam testing
b. surface wave testing
c. angle beam testing
d. all of the above

19. The velocity of surface waves is approximately ___________ the velocity of

shear waves in the same material
a. two times
b. four times
c. 1/2
d. 9/10

20. Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in
the best resolving power?
a. 1 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. l0MHz
d. 25MHz

21. In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as:
a. the initial pulse
b. the back reflection
c. the skip distance
d. the scan path

22. When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of
propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a:
a. longitudinal wave
b. shear wave
c. surface wave
d. lamb wave

23. When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of
propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a:
a. longitudinal wave
b. shear wave

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c. surface wave
d. Lamb wave

24. A piezoelectric material can:

a. convert a longitudinal beam to a shear wave
b. convert an mechanical energy to electrical energy
c. create ionization in a test specimen
d. produce sound waves in a coaxial cable

25. The velocity of sound waves is primarily dependent on:

a. the pulse length
b. the angle of incidence
c. the material, material thickness, and UT frequency (time between
signals on the display)
d. none of the above

26. The primary purpose of reference blocks is to:

a. aid the operator in obtaining maximum back reflections
b. obtain the greatest sensitivity possible from an instrument
c. obtain a common reproducible signal
d. none of the above

27. When testing by the surface wave method, patches of oil or dirt on the
surface may:
a. block the progress of all sound
b. attenuate the sound
c. have no effect on the test
d. cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen

28. The piezoelectric material in the transducer:

a. converts electrical energy into sound
b. converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
c. eliminates the signal-to-noise energy
d. produces high speed electrons in metals

29. The angle of incidence is:

a. greater than the angle of reflection
b. less than the angle of reflection
c. equal to the angle of reflection
d. not related to the angle of reflection

30. The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel through
the material is referred to as:
a. reflection
b. refraction
c. reproducibility
d. attenuation

31. When testing a plate, increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal

wave results in:
a. an increase in its velocity
b. a decrease in its velocity
c. no change in its velocity
d. a reversal in its velocity

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32. The depth of a discontinuity cannot be determined when using the:

a. straight beam testing method
b. through-transmission testing method
c. angle beam testing method
d. immersion testing method

33. "100 000 cycles per second" can be written:

a. 0.1 kHz
b. 10 kHz
c. 100 kHz
d. 100 MHz

34. The phenomenon whereby an ultrasonic wave changes direction when the
wave crosses a boundary between materials with different velocities is called :
a. refraction
b. reflection
c. penetration
d. rarefaction

35. In a test where the transducer is not perpendicular to the inspection surface,
the angle of incidence is equal to :
a. the angle of refraction
b. the angle of reflection
c. the shear wave angle
d. half the shear wave angle

36. Ultrasonic waves that travel along the surface of a material and whose
particle motion is elliptical are called:
a. shear waves
b. transverse waves
c. longitudinal wave
d. Rayleigh waves

37. The interference field near the face of a transducer is often referred to as
the:
a. Fresnel zone
b. acoustic impedance
c. exponential field
d. phasine zone

38. When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical
angles, the ultrasonic wave mode within the part will be a:
a. longitudinal wave
b. shear wave
c. surface wave
d. Lamb wave

39. The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is
called :
a. Fresnel's law
b. Fraunhofer's law
c. Snell's law
d. Lambs law

40. In a material with a given velocity, when frequency is increased, the

wavelength will:

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a. not be affected
b. increase
c. decrease
d. double

ANSWER TO GENERAL PAPER SET 1 (40 QUESTIONS)

1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.D 19.D 20.D
21.A 22.A 23.B 24.B 25.C 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.C 30.D
31.C 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.C

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UT Level 1 Trial Questions

Trial Examination: UT-Level I

Paper 1: 40 Questions

1. Shear waves do not propagate in:

a. Solids
b. Gases
c. Liquids
d. Both B and C are correct

2. Which of the following waves is only able to travel through a thin section of
material?
a. A longitudinal wave
b. A shear waves

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c. A surface wave
d. A lamb wave

3. Artificial flaws can be produced by using:

a. Side drilled holes
b. Flat bottom holes
c. Edge notches
d. All of the above

4. The ability to locate discontinuities that are close together within the
material is called:
a. Resolution
b. Sensitivity
c. Effectiveness
d. Phase delay

5. What is the material called that is used to improve the transmission of

ultrasonic sound energy from the transducer into the part?
a. Gel
b. Goo
c. Couplant
d. Contact paste

6. The ability to locate a small discontinuity is called:

a. Resolution
b. Sensitivity
c. Wavelength
d. Frequency

7. When a wave encounters an interface at an oblique angle, what takes

place at the interface due to the different sound velocities of the two materials?
a. Attenuation
b. Refraction
c. Beam spread
d. Beam impedance

8. The combined effect of scattering and absorption is called:

a. Shear factor
b. Propagation
c. Attenuation
d. Impedance

9. The sound energy or ultrasonic beam is more uniform in the:

a. Far field zone
b. Near field zone
c. Interface between the transducer and plastic wedge
d. Band along the central axis

10. The measure of how a signal from a defect compared to other background
reflections is called:
a. Acoustic impedance
b. Signal to noise ratio
c. Refraction
d. Reflection

11. Some transducers are specifically fabricated to be:

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a. Better transmitters
b. Better receivers
c. Used in high temperature applications
d. All of the above

12. The active element of most acoustic transducers used today is:
b. Lithium
b. Piezoelectric ceramic
c. Sulfide
d. Quartz

13. The area in front of a transducer where there are extensive fluctuations in
the sound field is called the:
a. Far field zone
b. Surface field zone
c. Near field zone
d. Phase shift zone

14. In the transverse or shear wave, the particles:

a. Move in an elliptical pattern
b. Oscillate at a right angle to the direction of wave propagation
c. Oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation
d. Do not actually move

15. Within a given material, the speed of sound:

a. Is constant
b. Decreases with distance from the transducer
c. Increases with distance from the transducer
d. None of the above

16. When an ultrasound wave passes through an interface between two

materials at an oblique angle, and the materials have different indices of
refraction, it produces:
a. Reflected waves
b. Refracted waves
c. Interface waves
d. Both A and B

17. Acoustic impedance is identified by the letter:

a. Z
b. I
c. V
d. P

18. In order to have a reasonable chance at detecting a discontinuity, the

reflective surface of the discontinuity must have a dimension that is at least as
long as ________ wavelength.
a. One-half
b. One
c. Two
d. One-quarter

19. Couplant displaces the__________ and makes it possible to get more

sound energy into the test specimen.
a. Surface rust
b. Surface blemishes

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c. Sound energy
d. Air

20. Beam spread is greater when using:

a. High frequency transducers
b. Low frequency transducers
c. Angle beam transducers
d. Larger diameter transducers

21. Which type of screen presentation displays a profile or cross-sectional

view of the test specimen?
a. A-scan
b. B-scan
c. C-scan
d. All of the above

22. Which type of screen presentation displays a plan-type view of the location
and size of the test specimen features?
a. A-scan
b. B-scan
c. C-scan
d. All of the above

23. Resolution generally increases:

a. With increased depth of a defect
b. With a decrease in the transducer frequency
c. When the transducer diameter is reduced
d. With an increase in transducer frequency

24. The material of the reference standard used to setup for a flaw inspection:
a. Can be made from any material as long as the velocity is the same
b. Should be the same material being inspected
c. Must have the same impedance values as the base material
d. Can only be used once

25. When a longitudinal wave encounters an interface between two material

with different acoustic impedances, what occurs when the angle of incidence is
90 degrees?
a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Mode conversion
d. Reflection and refraction

26. Which of the following would make a good couplant?

a. Water
b. Oil
c. Glycerin
d. All of the above

27. The act of evaluating and adjusting the precision and accuracy of the
measurement equipment is called:
a. Standardization
b. Calibration
c. Accuracy
d. Tuning

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28. As frequency increases, sound tends to:

a. Become more compressed
b. Scatter more from large or course grain structure
c. Convert to a different wave mode
d. Become more penetrating

29. The first critical angle describes the condition where the:
a. The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is less than 90 o
b. The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is exactly 90 o
c. The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is greater than 90 o
d. The angle of the refracted shear wave is exactly 90 o

30. The number of cycles per second is the definition of:

a. Wave speed
b. Frequency
c. Hertz
d. None of the above

31. Contact transducers are used for direct contact inspections, and are
generally:
a. Used with an immersion tank
b. Used with an automated system
c. Used on complicated shaped parts
d. Hand manipulated

32. Which type of screen presentation displays the amount of received

ultrasonic energy as a function of time?
a. A-scan
b. B-scan
c. C-scan
d. All of the above

33. When performing a contact inspection on a curved surface, what pieced of

equipment can be used to improve coupling?
a. A spherically focused transducer
b. A cylindrically focused transducer
c. A shaped shoe
d. A large diameter transducer

34. What type of transducer contains two independently operating elements in

a single housing?
a. Crystal mosaic transducer
b. Dual/Twin element transducer
c. Liquid crystal transducer
d. Bi polar transducer

35. When a single element transducer is operating in the pulse echo mode, the
element:
a. Can not start receiving reflected signals until the element has stopped
ringing from its transmit function
b. Needs to have a high pulse rate
c. Should be used in the dual mode
d. Can only be made with lithium sulfate

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36. The terms used to describe a techniques ability to locate flaws are:
a. Sensitivity and penetration
b. Space and time
c. Sensitivity and resolution
d. Frequency and size

37. Longitudinal waves are also called:

a. Surface waves
b. Lamb waves
c. Compressional waves
d. Both B and C are correct

38. Which of the following waves is able to follow a surface around a curve?
a. A longitudinal wave
b. A shear wave
c. A surface wave
d. A Lamb wave

39. Surface or Rayleigh waves traveling along the surface of relative thick solid
material, penetrate to a depth of approximately:
a. One wavelength
b. One-half wavelengths
c. Two wavelengths
d. Infinite wavelengths

40. What is used to support the active element and dampen the transducers
characteristics?
a. Resin
b. Oil
c. Backing material with a similar the impedance of the transducer
d. Any of the above will work

ANSWER TO TRIAL EXAM 40 QUESTIONS:

1.D 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.C

6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B
11.D 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A
16.D 17.A 18.A 19.D 20.B
21.B 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A
26.D 27.B 28.B 29.B 30.B
31.D 32.A 33.C 34.B 35.A
36.C 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.C
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