Chapter I
In our daily living, we tend to save every bit of the things that could be saved in
order to live. Nowadays, our country is experiencing some difficulties. One of these is,
greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide. To prevent this, one way is to plant trees.
But how can we help if people are always cutting trees? We were the ones to be blamed.
As we can see, people cut trees to make it as a raw material in making houses and
furniture. But these furniture and houses are easily destroyed and rotten. Keeping your
wooden furniture in your home or anywhere and your houses wooden walls long-lasting
One of these insects is drywood termites. With that, we can lessen the use of woods and
The researchers study deals on the Lethal Effect of Tuba-tuba (Jatropha curcas)
was developed to lessen the number of termites and to investigate its capabilities in
killing drywood termites. It also aims to know more about the components of Tuba-tuba
(Jatropha curcas) and Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum) in killing Drywood termites. In a
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way, this study would help the environmen by lessening the use of woods and the cutting
of trees.
It will be the purpose of the research team to study the Lethal Effects of Tuba-tuba
(Cryptotermes cavifrons).
How does the mixture of tuba-tuba fruit extract and chili pepper extract affect the
1. What is the number of dead drywood termites treated with different insecticide
(Tuba-tuba extract only, Chili pepper only, Combination of tuba-tuba seed extract
2. Which of the mixtures (Tuba-tuba extract only, Chili pepper only, Combination
of tuba-tuba seed extract and chilli pepper, commercial, and water) is most
Ho1 The different termiticide has no significant effect in killing drywood termites.
Ho2 The mixture of tuba-tuba and chilli pepper has no significant difference in the
Conceptual Paradigm
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INPUT
Tuba-tuba (Jatropha curcas) Seed Extract and Chili
Pepper (Capsicum annum)
PROCESS
Counting the dead drywood termites
OUTPUT
Lethal Effects of Tuba-tuba (Jatropha curcas) Seed
Extract and Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum)
against drywood termites (Cryptotermes cavifrons)
Figure 1.1 This paradigm is a study of Tuba-tuba and Chili pepper against drywood
termites.
As humans, we are craving for changes and its continuous capture for
enough about it and should have the capacity to cater its needs. This research study is
to the environment.
Lumber Industries- This would provide lumber industries to have a new way to
Researchers- this would help other researchers to have a guide and a study to be
improved.
This study entitled Lethal Effect of Tuba-tuba (Jatropha curcas) and Chili
conducted at Yongcos residence in Tawason Mandaue City. The study was focused on
the lethal effect of Tuba-tuba fruit and Chili pepper on drywood termites. Nine-hundred
(900) drywood termites were gathered and were divided into three (3) for there were
three (3) trials conducted. So, each trial made use of three-hundred (300) drywood
termites. There were five (5) treatments namely, Set-up A (treated with tuba-tuba fruit
extract only), Set-up B (treated with chilli pepper extract only), Set-up C (treated with the
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mixture of tub-tuba fruit and chilli pepper extracts), Set-up D (treated with commercial
product or the positive control), and Set-up E (Treated with water or the negative
control). Assignment of the termites into which group it would be assigned was done
randomly to give each termite equal chances to be included in the study. Each treatment
had three (3) replicates. Drywood termites in each treatment were observed for two (2)
days. Recording was done during the 1st, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour.
Definition of Terms
Certain terms within the course of the study might not be recognizable by
the general readers. In line with this, a listing of these terms and their corresponding
definitions has been compiled to provide convenience to the users of the study.
Mortality rate- The number of dead drywood termites at the given hours
Decoction- a process of extracting the tuba-tuba fruit and chili pepper, where it was sliced
Chapter II
Insecticides are used to kill insects. This controls the insects that may harm crops
or this may eliminate disease-carrying insects. Insecticides are often used in agriculture,
industry, and by the consumers. Insecticides are helpful and also dangerous. Insecticides
On Chili peppers
Chili peppers are garden vegetables that can be used against termites. Chili pepper
contains capsaicin which produces mild to intense spice. They are characterized by their
extreme pungency. Chili pepper may irritate the insects or worse, kill them. Chili
peppers are available throughout the year to add zest to flavorful dishes around the world
and health to those brave enough to risk their fiery heat. This is the plant that puts fire on
your tongue and maybe even a tear in your eye when you eat spicy Mexican, simmering
Szechuan, smoldering Indian, or torrid Thai food. Chili peppers belong to the family of
On Jatropha curcas
Jatropha curcas is a poisonous, small tree. It is one of the shrubby trees that is
found in Central America. Jatropha curcas is a wonder plant that produces seeds with
oil. The oil is mainly converted into biofuel for diesel engine. Jatropha leaves helps in
dressing the wound. Dark blur dye and wax can be produced from the plant. Its extract is
good for tanning. It can be also an organic fertilizer and soil improver. Varnishes,
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illuminants, soap, pest control, as purgative and other medicinal for skin diseases.
On Termites
Termites are well-known for their wood-eating habits. Termites live in colonies.
The colony includes nymphs, workers, soldiers and reproductive individuals of opposite
sexes. The queen of the termites can lay 3,000,000 or more eggs in a year. The termites
work as a group to keep themselves strong. Drywood termites tend to cut across wood
grain destroying both the soft spring wood and the harder summer growth. Subterranean
termites typically follow the grain of the wood, feeding primarily on the soft spring
wood.
Insecticidal effect of Jatropha curcas oil on the aphid Aphis fabae (Hemiptera:
Aphididae) and on the main insect pests associated with cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) in
Niger the insecticidal activity of Jatropha curcas has been evaluated on various crop
pests. Oil concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% were first tested on the black bean
aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) as part of an efficacy test conducted in the laboratory. During a
second stage, the insecticidal efficacy of 5 and 7.5% oil concentrations was evaluated on
the main pests infesting cowpea crops (Vigna unguiculata L.) as part of a field test
conducted at the University of Niamey (Niger). The results obtained in the two tests
demonstrate the biocidal effect of the treatments applied, which increases with the
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concentration. On the black bean aphid, the biocidal effect increases during the hours
following the application of oil before reaching a peak after 4 days. On cowpeas, J.
curcas oil concentrations of 5% and 7.5% make it possible to reduce the level of attack by
aphids (Aphis craccivora) by 10 and 50% respectively compared to the control. A 50%
and 75% fall in the number of thrips (Megalurothrips sjstedti) and bugs (Anoplocnemis
curvipes), respectively, can be observed under the same conditions. This treatment made
Pesticide making is popular nowadays and it is also very helpful in our world in
the field of agriculture. Thus many people continue to experiment pesticides to produce
better quality and quantity. Pesticide can be applied to the treatment of an organism, such
as a cropor ornamental plant, against damage by other plants, insects, fungi, or animals.
The researcher aims to produce pesticide out of malunggay leaves and chilli fruit which
isknown in our country. And is very useful to many people and also to have
The process in making pesticide was quite difficult and simple. First are you had to
prepare all the materials needed .Second get the extract of the malunggay leaves and
chilli fruit. Next ,mix the the extract of the malunggay leaves and chilli fruit. After that
store the solution in 5-7 days and aging process will then be continue.
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The data and observation gathered is clearly state that the malunggay leaves and chilli
fruit as pesticide is easily be contaminated when aging and the researcher therefore
conclude that the malunggay leaves and chili fruit is feasible in making pesticide.
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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Research Design
This study made use of the Experimental Design where the dependent variable is
the mortality rate of drywood termites, while the independent variable is the type of
treatment.
SET-UPS
extract) control)
Size of Big/ Adult Big/ Adult Big/ Adult Big/ Adult Big/ Adult
termite
termites termite termite termite termite
Suze of 100 Ml 100 Ml spray 100 Ml 100 Ml 100 Ml spray
bottle
spray bottle spray bottle spray bottle spray bottle
bottle
No. of 3 3 3 3 3
sprays
Research Procedure
A. Container Procedure
For the container of the subjects, 45 transparent jars or container were prepared.
Each set-up used 3 jars for there were 3 replicates per treatment. There are 5 set-
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ups, so, the researchers made use of 15 jars per trial. The termites or subjects were
termites. In this study, three (3) trials were performed. There were five (5) set-ups
namely, Set-up A (treated with tuba-tuba fruit extract only), Set-up B (treated with
Chili pepper extract only), Set-up C (treated with the combination of tuba-tuba
fruit and chili pepper extract), Set-up D (treated with commercial termiticide or
the positive control), and Set-up E (treated with water or the negative control). In
researchers wore protective gears, for the extracts are dangerous when made
contact with the skin. In the extraction of tuba-tuba fruit and chili pepper, the
researchers made use of the decoction process, where, the tuba-tuba fruit and chili
pepper were sliced into pieces and was boiled for fifteen (15) minutes. Right after
boiling, the extracts were measured with 100 Ml and was put into its designated
spray bottles.
E. Testing the Product
In evaluating each treatment, the researchers tested the products on the termites.
Set-up A was treated with tuba-tuba fruit extract only; Set-up B was treated with
chili pepper extract only; Set-up C was treated with the mixture of tuba-tuba and
chili pepper extract; Set-up D was treated with the commercial termiticide or the
positive control; Set-up E was treated with water or negative control. Each set-up
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was sprayed with the assign treatment for three times which contained 20
termites. Right after spraying the researchers monitored the number of dead
termites in 1st hour, 6th hour, 12th hour, 24th hour, and 48th hour. The results were
recorded.
F. Proper Disposal of Subjects
First, trash bins were prepared by the researchers. The materials used were
washed thoroughly and thrown into the non-biodegradable bin. In the proper
disposal of the termites. They were buried 1foot beneath the ground.
G. Data Gathering
The data was gathered by the researchers observing the effect of the treatments
Where,
F= Anova Coefficient
MST= Mean sum of squares due to treatment.
MSE= Mean sum of squares due to error.
Where,
SST= Sum of Squares due to treatment.
p = Total number of populations
n = Total number of samples in population.
Where,
SSE= Sum of squares due to error
S= Standard deviation of the samples.
N= total number of observations.
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References
A. Books
the aphid Aphis fabae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and on the main insect pests
J. Heller. (1996). Physic Nut, Jatropha Curcas L. Promoting the conservation and use of
underutilized and neglected crops. 1. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant
B. Internet
E. Antoniette., The feasibility of malunggay leaves and chili fruit as pesticide. Feb. 14,
http://www.scribd.com/doc/81575963/The-Feasibility-of-Malunggay-Leaves-and-
Chili-Fruit-as-Pesticide#scribd.
C. Chomchai et al., Toxicity from ingestion of Jatropha curcas fruits in thai children. July
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http://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/seameo/2011-42-4/21-5042.pdf
K. Smith, Drywood Termites. June 2001. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from
http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/insects/az1232/.