DYNASTY REGION INNOVATED FEATURES TRANSFORMED FEATURES FAMOUS EXAMPLES

Early Islamic Arab First mosques were simple buildings Many features from byzantine church Kaaba(Sacred house)
made of wood
Domes
Large courts for congregational
prayers and a mihrab Columnar arches

Persian(1000- Iran Domes with colorful tiles, covering Great roads ,aqueducts and arches of Naqsh-e Jahan Square
1157 a.d) the exterior of the domes, as they the Roman Empire has been transformed
would on the interior. into the Byzantine
basilicas and Persian horseshoe
and pointed arches.

Moorish North Africa Muqarnas, crenellated arches,lancet
arches, ogee arches, , and decorative
tile work, central fountain.
-Horse shoe arches, domes, courtyard Great Mosque- Cordoba
-Close examination of the pillar capitals
reveal that they are recycled from earlier
buildings both Roman and Germanic.

- Famous alternating red and

Timurid (1370- Central Asia
1507a.d)
-Axial symmetry is a characteristic of all
major Timurid structures
-Double domes of various shapes abound,
and the outsides are perfused with brilliant
colors.
white voussoirs of the arches were
inspired by those in the Dome of the
Rock
The style is largely derived from Persian
architecture. Bibi khanum mosque

-Have double-shell domes with a thick

outer dome and a thin inner dome.

-minarets in Tiumrid Architecture are

found with a round capping at the top,
decorated with turquoise & Blue colours.
Ottoman (14-15th Turkey -Turkish architects implemented their
century) own style of cupola domes
-The Ottomans mastered the technique
of building vast inner spaces confined
by seemingly weightless yet massive
domes, and achieving perfect harmony
between inner and outer spaces, as
well as light and shadow.
Fatimud(909 North - Four-centred keel arch and
1167 CE) Africa,Egypt the squinch, connecting square interior
volumes to the dome.
-They typically had features such as
portals that protrude from the wall,
domes above mihrabs and qiblas, and
faade ornamentation with
iconographic inscriptions,
and stucco decorations.
-Massive portals of some mosques and
their elaborate faades.
Mamluk(1215- Egypt -Expanding on the Fatimids concept of - the funerary dome and minaret
1570 A.D) street-adjusted mosque facades, the
Mamluks developed their architecture -stucco work
to enhance street vistas
-Stone domes
Mughal(1526- India -symmetrical nature of buildings and
1857) courtyards
-The bulbous domes
- The slender minarets with cupolas at
the four corners
-Obtained influence from Suleymania mosque
Byzantine, Persian and Syrian-
Arab designs.
- Islamic religious architecture which
until then consisted of simple buildings
with extensive decorations, was
transformed by the Ottomans through a
dynamic architectural vocabulary
of vaults, domes, semidomes and
columns.
-Combined elements of eastern and Al- Azhar Mosque
western architecture, drawing on Abbasid
architecture, Byzantineand Coptic
architecture and North African traditions
Hypostyle plan, where a central courtyard
was surrounded by arcades.
Mosque of Al- Rifai
It was an amalgam of Islamic, Persian, Taj Mahal
and Indian architecture
Use of both hindu and Persian styles
Use of domes and minarets.
Afro-Islamic Africa use of fractal scaling: small parts of Style highly influenced by muslim traders Great mosque of Djenne
the structure tend to look similar to of the region
larger parts

Contemporary Pakistan lacking both the traditional domes The minarets borrow their design from
and arches of most other mosques Turkish tradition and are thin and pencil Shah Faisal mosque,Islamabad
around the world. like.