Machining Operations

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Machining Operations
Word Meaning Context More Information

Boring is an operation
to enlarge and finish
A work piece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw
boring holes accurately. This
chuck and collets.
may be done on a lathe
or a milling machine.
Boring is a machine operation in which
the work is in contact with a single point
tool.

Broaching is an
The teeth of a broaching tool are equally spaced
operation that
broaching so that as the tool advances into the workpiece,
completes the cutting in
each tooth removes a specified amount of metal.
one stroke or cut.

Broaching can be done on both internal

and external surfaces.

Drilling is an
economical way of
removing large amounts Used for last removal of stock on preparation for
drilling
of metal to create semi- other operations like boring, reaming, or tapping.
precision round hole or
cavity.
Drilling allows a person to make holes
through boards, metals, and other
materials.
 There are three major types:

drill press - Sensitive drill (light drilling)

- Upright drill (heavy duty drilling)
- Radial arm drill press (large, heavy
workpieces)
A machine designed to Used for producing cylindrical holes, as
hold drill bits which will well as reaming, boring, counter-boring,
produce cylindrical counter-sinking, honing, lapping and
holes. tapping.

Facing is a lathe
operation in which the
cutting tool removes A workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw
facing
metal from the end of chuck, collets or a faceplate.
the workpiece or a
shoulder.
Facing is a machine operation where
the work is rotated against a single
point tool.

Gang drilling machine

gang The gang drilling machine is a series of Each head is equipped with a different tool to
performs a number of
drilling single spindle drill heads mounted on a drill the part being machined as it moves from
drilling operations in a
machine long table. one station to the next.
sequence.

The abrasive grains are formed into a grinding

Grinding is an operation Grinding processes remove very small wheel.
in which the cutting is chips in very large numbers by cutting
grinding
done by the use of the action of many small individual
abrasive particles. abrasive grains. Very smooth surfaces can be accomplished by
the use of the proper grinding wheel.

grinding Grinding machine

machine machines metal parts Various types of grinding machines:
with an abrasive wheel
which can grind to close - Plain Surface grinders
tolerances. - Rotary Surface grinders
- Tool & Cutter grinders
- Universal grinders
- Internal grinders
 Grinding machines can produce parts of
the identical size, shape, and finish
quality.

Gun drilling machine is

Uses three types of spindles for producing deep
a machine used to
In some drilling machines, the gun drill holes:
produce long, deep
gun drilling holes. is held firm in a machine and the
machine workpiece revolves; in other cases the - way
work is stationary and the tool revolves. - quill
The operation is called
- fixed-spindle
"Gun drilling".

Honing is an internal
cutting technique that
Similar to lapping where abrasive sticks are
uses abrasives on a
mounted in a rotating tool.
honing rotating tool to produce
extremely accurate
holes that require a very Capable of accuracies of less than 1/10,000th of
smooth finish. one inch.

Honing operation

A horizontal milling
machine uses a rotating
horizontal tool to produce flat
milling surfaces.
machine
Used for heavy stock
removal.
The milling machine provides cutting The spindle is mounted on a horizontal position.
action with a rotating tool. Available in different size tables.
 The lathe is used for
producing cylindrical The lathe may be used for:
work. The workpiece is
lathe rotated while the cutting boring, drilling, tapping, turning, facing,
tool movement is threading, polishing, grooving, knurling,
controlled by the trepanning
machine.
The lathe is primarily used for cylindrical
work.

Non-precision grinding
non- is a cutting technique
Non-precision grinding is a free-hand operation
precision used when the grinding
done on a pedestal or bench grinder.
grinding does not need to be
accurate.

Non-precision grinding is done when

accuracy is not important.

Precision grinding is a
cutting technique used Precision grinding allows very small amounts of
precision
when close tolerances material to be removed from a workpiece. This is
grinding
and very smooth extremely useful in acquiring smooth fnishes.
finishes are required.

Precision grinding as often used as a

finish machining process.

Reaming is a sizing
operation that removes
reaming a small amount of metal
from a hole already
drilled. Machinists may use hand or machine reamers
depending on the job they are performing.
The reamer is the tool used for this
operation.
 Shaper is a machine There are three types of shapers:
used for the production
shaper of flat surfaces in - Horizontal / plain or universal
vertical, horizontal, or - Vertical (slotter and key seater)
angular planes. - Special

The shaper cuts by passing a single

point tool by the workpiece.

Shaping is an operation When the cutting tool reciprocates while the

shaping used to produce flat work is fed towards the tool removing material
surfaces. on each stroke, it is called shaping.

Shaping

Single point threading is

a lathe operation used Uses a special cutting tool that reflects the
single thread form.
for creating internal /
point
external precision
threading
machined threads with There are over 100 thread forms.
a single point tool.

Single point threading

sensitive Sensitive drill press is a

drill press high speed machine - it is used for light duty work
that drills very small
holes. - extremely precise quill and spindle

- capable of speeds of over 40,000rpm

- maximum drill size of 1/32 of an inch

 The sensitive drill press

Tapping is the process Tapping may be done by:

of cutting a thread
inside a hole so that a
tapping cap screw or bolt can - hand
be threaded into the - lathe machine
hole. Also, it is used to - milling machine
make threads on nuts. - tapping machine
Tapping is done with a tool called a
"Tap".

Turning is a lathe
operation in which the
A workpiece may be held in a 3, 4, or 6 jaw
cutting tool removes
turning chuck, collets or may also be held between
metal from the outside
centers.
diameter of a
workpiece.

A single point tool is used for turning.

A vertical milling
vertical machine uses a rotating
The milling machine provides cutting
milling tool to produce flat
action with a rotating tool.
machine surfaces. A very flexible,
light-duty machine.

The spindle is mounted on a vertical position.

Available in different size tables.

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