Mine A High-Current Low-Voltage DC Power Supply Pekik Argo Dahono, Muhammad Firmansyah, and Desig Pramasti. Y arent application. A technique te control ‘lings of te inverter with nai swteiog Frequency ‘utp ripple is presented. Tncuded to verify Introduction AA highurrent Jow-volage DC power supply is commonly used in electrochemical induees and Cathodic protection system, and magnetic power Supplies. At present, high curent capability are usually fchieved by paralleling both rectifier and diode ‘modules. The min problem ofthis approach is how to {ensure an equa current sharing among these moves "A new recir topology for low-voliage high current rectifier was proposed in (I]. Because this rectifier is supplied low fequency ae source, it needs large leansformer and inductor Biter, To solve this problem, the rectifir i supplied by a high frequency three-phase invener and, therefore, the size of wansformet and inductor become smaler and the output ripple it reduced. In this paper. two methods to contr! the eat ‘current are described. A ripple anaysi of the oufpat ‘orrent it presented. Experimental results are incied 1 ‘verify the concept H. Outpat Current Control Fig. 1 shows the scheme ofthe proposed high-curent low-voltage de power supplies. Inthe fist scheme, an unregulated de" volage fource is converted into a contolable de voltage by using a de chopper. The de ‘oliage output of the chopper is then converted into 3 high-requeney ac voltage by using an inverer. The level ofthe inverter output volage i then reduced by sing a high-frequency inverter The output of the inverter is then rectified by using special rectifier topology that is suitable for highrcurentlow-voliage applications Inthe second scheme, th de chopper isnot ‘sed. The ouput voltage ofthe inverter is controlled by ‘sing a special pulsewidth modulation technique Deparment of Elec Engnesng, Bandung lsu of Techalony ‘in, Gaeta 10 Banding Indonesia 40132 ‘Felon 222503316 Fen 62222508152 Erma peep etd 0-703-723-001/510.00 ©2001 IEEE Fig | Proposed DC-DC converter topologies In Fig. 1(9), the de output current is controled by contoling the de chopper. The inverter is aperated in fully square-wave mode. It an be shown later that his ‘method will prodace minimum output curent ipl. In this metho, however, the efficiency can be lower than the second scheme because ofthe existence of chopper losses. “The second scheme, the chopper is eliminated and therefore also the associated loses. In tis ease however, the inverter should be conzlled by wing & special pulsewidth modulation technique to contol the output current. Thus, the switching frequency ofthe inerer wil be higher than the fst scheme. In ta the elficienies of Both systems can be tot so. mich ‘ilference Fig 210) shows the taectory ofthe inverter state in spacevector form. Based on this figure, # 2¢0 out voltage can produced by using. the zero. states. Controlling the zero state diration will contol ao the se output voltage ofthe inverter.aXe" @ Y 4 £ ove i Fel ae febet om baled ow be o Fig. 2. (a) Invener state trjecory. (6) Output voltage ‘control ofthe inverter, How to contol the duration of zero state can be ‘explained by using Fig 20). By using this method, the ‘switching frequency of the inverter i twiee than when the inverter i operated in fll aqure-wave mode. IIL Ripple Analysis ‘The rectifier output voltage equation canbe writen as ry vay ety vy hyo sis sant HE (Oh lB HL) 94, 44) a, A siyth sagen ten sis e+) A Hb, 41) 4104 9B RG 48) a fe osteo mii eM + LIE HM, +) Hy YER Hh) o ‘where Ly and M; are the selPinductanee and mutual Inductance ofthe rectifier interphase transformer. Le us define Letert MeMtL @) nd pa differential operator, then eqn (1) can be L EME tel ° [he voltages and curons ar soparated into the ‘verage and ripple components then the following equation is obtained [rw stefier]+eof-7] CO) where RRR La uf R i} ni 1 Mle RRR ume Bar and tide over the variables represent the average sd ripple components, respectively. the voltage op ‘cro the restr dve to the curent ripple Sl an cn be meio ten te lowing Sipe ‘equation canbe obtained. Fl-tebt) © a= nin oie Hoe toe -wnaars-2) ETF nua Ue -tanfa va 10] ata ee © ‘The lod curet ripple is F-5+R+H o Based onthe inverter ouput volage, eqn. (9) can solved analytically 1V. Output Ripple Analysis unpler Fully Square- ‘Wave Operation aed on the inverter and rectifier voltages output can be obtained as shown in Fig. 3. The average rectifier output vollage i: $e io) where én isthe magnitude of the output voltage of sranaformerFordctere ve ee heat ade a 00) im SES era uh Inthe end of heave ped (= 72: Fort <1 116 jo-—— tp — 2 um) «2 Vu _78 atest ioscan eee | near Decne vg eet ipl in eeanenne Ge cigiay 1) areata M+] © era ea 0 Tarai ae w7t) The peak pes pace pes * - : os ree ro) Se aavaing sal) = fomep.)2nd 6) ed caret pe ®| §0=——* I fos fers fo, an eee iw. 5[ Re fee I] Fig 3 Oupatvolag fr aly aque wave ade (@)tavener () reetiier Fm ig) aon 10 we at 2fn-2f0 “ OFA UU U i= (CHL =H) ‘This equation shows that, theoretically, the load eument ripple is zero under fully square-wave mode of operation. ‘V. Output Current Ripple Analysis under Pulsewidth Modulation ‘The inverier and the rectifier output voltages under pulsewidth modulation are shown in Fig. 4. For this ‘condition average phase output voltage ofthe rectifiers vf 0 : ou fc Et aa) [at [ees Fig 4 Oupu voagefr pusewih modulation made 19 @s. 7 =——_1__faflyah, fe 2) |e, sorgameat sf She ss 0" Taya eee io 6 += ap \O- Tyamyaemy oPse($-F 2. @ Tama Because the average cutentrppe is zero wean bain the follow de tetiage at wraikeomle io Peak to peak loud current ipl is T ee 6) nT) Fig. shows the peak-to-peak load curent ripple asa function of zero-state time ratio /T. The figure shows thatthe eurent ripple wil be maximum when the time ‘ato is equal to 1/12. The load curent ripple i zero ‘when the time ratio is equal to 16, The results are coincided with the results that have been presented in [D}. The results clanfy' that the under pulsewidth ‘modulation, the load carrent ripple is greater than under fully square-wave mode of operation. setts 2-wy Pg Peto poakcuren gles incon of aT VI. Bxperimental Result In order to verify the proposed concept. n experimental system with the scheme as shown in Fig. was constructed. The de voliage source was maintained constant at 100 Vde, The transformer tr ratio i 10. ‘The self and. mutual inductances of the rectifier interphase reactor are 1285 mil and 124685 mil, respectively 641 Pally Square-Wave Mode Im this case, the inverter i operated under flly square-wave ode of operation, The inverter is switched 31200 Hz The switching frequency is very low beause, at the ime of experiment, high-fFequency tasformer ‘vas not avaiable ig. 6 shows the output voltage waveforms ofthe recs Fig. 7 shows the output eurrent waveforms of the resin The load current ripple measured as (O.0964A at 12:4 A de load curent. Theoretically, this load cutentripple is should be zr0. Due wo the existence of de voluge source ripple and nbalances of transformer and interphase reactor, a smal pple ‘rodvced onthe loud current I “Stvowdiy) 23 jaa) Fig 6, Output voltage waveforms. (4 Phase 1. (6 Phase 2. (6) Phase 3. (8) Load Fig. 7. Ourput current wavetorms. (@) Phase 1. (Phase 2-(6) Phase 3. (4) Load (62. Paleewith Mode Th this experiment, the de output curent is consoled by convoling the zero state time of the inverter. The inverter i switched at 400 He. Figs. § and 9 show the output voltage and current waveforms. The output curent ripple ie measured as0.191 A at 7.91 A de load current. The eesul show that the load current ripple under heavy operation i higher “Suid, 2 Some) ouput voltage waveforms. (@)Phase 1. () Phase 2. (€)Phase 3. (4) Load 25{AdevL 25 ted) Fig 8 Output Curent Waveforms (4) phase 1 (6) phase 2) Phase 3 (A)Load st YV. Conclusion ‘Two scheme of high-current low-voltage de-de converter have been propose and verified by ‘experimental result. Ousput current ripple analysis Ins also been presented. Special PWM technique forte inverter has been proposed. REFERENCES IPA. Dahono "A Family of Low-Voltage High- Curent Rectifiers" Proc. TAS 2000 [2] P.A. Dahono, SRiyadi, A Mudawari, and Y:Haroen, Output Ripple Analysis of Muliphase DC-DC ‘Converter Proc IEEE 1999 Int Conf, Power Electronics and Drive Syrtems, Hongkong pp, 629-631