International Conference on Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems

Bali - April, 18 -21 2017

Ecological and Economic Evaluation of Mangrove Forest Resources:

Case Study in the Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali
By Hamiudin and Rachmad Firdaus

INTRODUCTION RESULTS
Background
The Ngurah Rai Forest Park (NRFP), the largest green space in Denpasar Value Value Percentage
Components
City covering an area about 1,375.50 ha, is an important rehabilitation project for (US$ y-1) (US$ ha-1 y-1) (%)
mangrove forests in Indonesia. The park plays an important role in providing I. Use Value 3,273,828 2,892 75.74
numerous ecosystem services which are beneficial to the urban ecology and 1.1 Direct Use Value 1,477,115 1,305 34.18
a. Ecotourism 969,908 857 22.45
regional economy of the city. However, no information is available on the values
b. Distribution of knowledge 507,207 448 11.73
of mangrove forests as a state asset, including the values of its yearly losses.
1.2 Indirect Use Value 1,779,287 1,572 41.17
Green open space is supposed to herald a better future for urban quality. Its a. Shoreline protection 519,750 459 12.02
have several benefits, such as water and soil preservation, biological diversity b. Prevention of saline water intrusion 276,780 245 6.42
conservation, and the minimization of air pollution (Arifin and Nakagoshi, c. Supporting the aquaculture 7,925 6.82 0.18
2011). At its current condition, the mangrove forest as a central of biological d. Carbon sequestration and keeping
974,832 861 22.55
ecosystem in this city is threatened by human activities. microclimate
1.3 Option Value 17,425.80 15 0.39
Objective II. Non Use Value 1,161,760 1,026 26.87
2.1 Existence Value 1,161,760 1,026 26.87
This research aimed to evaluate the current ecological status, to identify the
Total Economic Value of the NRFP 4,435,588 3,818 100.00
benefits of mangrove resources, and to calculate the economic values using the
total economic value (TEV) approach (Costanza et al., 2002; UNEP, 2004) which
calculated direct value, indirect value, option value and existence value of the
mangrove resources. Existence of Conservation Area

Before Mangrove Rehabilitation Project Biodiversity of genes, species, ecosystem

Carbon sequestration & Microclimate
1994 Supporting the aquaculture
Prevention of saline water intrusion
Shoreline protection
Distribution of Knowledge
Eco-Tourism
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Very agree Agree Refused Disagree

Garbageman
After Mangrove Rehabilitation Project 3
4
Fisherman
Not-ready to WTP/WTA
2004 3 9%
1
Researcher
Ready to WTP
10
Private Not ready to WTP

17 Ready to
Government employee
WTP/WTA

Student
32 91%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

METHOD CONCLUSION
Introduction Result Discussion Conclusion By ecological evaluation, it was found mangrove increased by 645.19 ha
(35.84 ha.y-1) but it was pressure by land conversion at 1.65 ha.y-1. After the
Ecological Evaluation
Identification of:
rehabilitation project in 1994, the landcover change of mangrove reduced
Contribution to:
1. Mangrove Resources
1. Regional economic by 141.04 ha (9.45 ha.y-1). The economic evaluation indicated that TEV was US$
2. Mangrove Benefits
Ecological
Approach

3. Community Perception
2. Environment
3. State loss calculation
4,435,588 y-1 (US$ 3,818 ha-1y-1). In cases of the forestry law violation i.e. illegal
4. Mangrove Threats
approaches
logging, this approach calculated the state losses as $ 255 tree-1. It means that the
rehabilitation projects had huge benefits on the growth of mangrove ecosystem
Mangrove Forest Mangrove Resources
Benefits:
Total Economic Value services. These results will be a source of information for decision makers and the
of NRFP TEV Recommendation for
Identification of:
1. Direct Use Value (DUV)
2. Indirect Use Value (IUV)
Sustainable Managemeng multistakeholders about the current and future of ecological and economic status
1. Degradation of Mangrove Ecosystem
2. Rehabilitation
3. Option Value (OV) Ecological Current
Status of NRFP
of the ecosystem in the NRFP.
4. Existence Value (XV)
3. Extend of Mangrove
By combining ecological and economic approaches, Indonesia which has very
wide mangrove ecosystems should improve and promote the services of carbon
Approach

Assessment of :
Economic Evaluation
TEV

1. Community perception
2. Linkages between
sequestration through of REDD+ schemes. Seeing the opportunities of REDD +
Identification of:
1. Potential of Mangrove Mangrove benefits and
mangrove threats
and carbon trading markets are not fully employed so far, the approaches of
resources

Ecological
2. Calculation approach ecological and economic assessment of natural resources need to be further
3. Calculate total economic
Current Status value of mangrove resources implemented and improved widely. These results could be a source of information
for managing sustainable mangrove ecosystem in the NRFP, Indonesia.
Input Process Output
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to acknowledge the international Tropical Timber
Organization (ITTO) that has supported us to participate the International
Conference on Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystems in Bali April 18 -21 2017.
Selected References
Arifin HS and Nakagoshi N (2011) Landscape ecology and urban biodiversity in tropical
Indonesian cities. Landscape Ecol Eng (2011) 7:3343
Bali Indonesia Farber, S.C, Constanza, R, Wilson, M.A. 2002. Economic and ecological concepts for
valuing ecosystem services. Special issue: The Dynamics and Value of Ecosystem
hamiudin@gmail.com
Contact Person*

Services: Integrating Economic and Ecological Perspectives

Maas (2005) Green space, urbanity, and health how strong is the relation? European
Journal of Public Health, Vol. 15 Supplement 1, 2005
Silvis, H.J. and C.M. van der Heide (2013). Economic viewpoints on ecosystem
services. Wageningen, Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature and the
Environment (WOT Natuur & Milieu). WOt-rapport 123
Syakur, (2009) Changes Area of Mangrove Plants in The Ngurah Rai Forest Park Bali.
http://mbojo.wordpress.com
Study area UNEP. 2007. Guidelines for Conducting Economic Valuation of Coastal Ecosystem
Goods and Services. UNEP/GEF/SCS Technical Publication No. 8
www.postersession.com
on.com
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