:

1
 :

1.................................................................................................................. 3

2. ...............................................................4

2.1.........................................................................................4

2.2 ........................................................................................7

2.3 .......................................................................................................7

2.4 ...................................................................................................8

2.5 ......................................................................................................8

2.6 ......................................................................9

2.7 ...........................................................................................9

2.8 .......................................................................................9

2.9 ..............................................................................................10

2
 1.
, , 11,11%
88,89% .

:

;
;
;
;
;

3
 2.

. ,,
, ,
-
.

2.1
.
:

, 5C 300C
(,1997). ,
- , ,
.

.
, : ,
,
.

4

.
.

.
7 12C(,2006).
20C.
,
,
. , ,
,
,.

1.
63C()

5
1.2
(.. )

1.3 (.. )

6
2.2
,
, .
.
10mg .

2. (.. )

2.3

. .
. ,
, - .
-, ,
.

3. - ()

7
 3.1 ()

2.4
.
.-(H2S) ,
(CH4) , (CO2) .
.
,
.

2.5
, .
. CO2
.
, NaCl ,MgSO4 Na2SO4 ,
.

, ,
.

8
2.6
.

S/cm .

4. ()

2.7

. viscosity=.
,
, .

.
. ,
.

2.8
,
.
, ,
.

9
2.9
(pw)
:

pw = (g/cm), :

m (g)

V (cm)

,
, . 1,0 1,4 g/cm.

10
:
: , .

.1997: . ,-
..

11