Term Definition

Active Regeneration ECM initiated regeneration.

Adjustable Parameters Selections made in the engine ECM from an INSITE imposed
Adobe Acrobat Reader Software Software used to view PDF documents.
Aftertreatment A method of controlling exhaust emissions with the use of a
catalyst or, filter installed in the exhaust system.
Aftertreatment Interface Connection The Aftertreatment Interface Connection is a SCR 14-pin
Aftertreatment Systems Exhaust system components used to reduce harmful
emissions from diesel engines.
Aftertreatment Temperature Sensors The Aftertreatment Temperature Sensors are required to
ensure that the entire catalyst has warmed to the correct
Algorithm Software stored in the ECM that is used to establish a step-by-
step procedure to determine a value based on inputs from
engine sensors. This value is used to provide output to various
Ambient Air Pressure Sensor Sensor that tells the ECM the outside air pressure.
AMOX Brick Ammonia reduction "slip" catalyst brick.
Ash The minute amount of particulate matter that is left after
Bar Unit of measurement for pressure.
Barometric Air Pressure Sensor Barometric pressure is used for turbocharger overspeed
protection at high altitude condition.
Barometric Pressure Sensor See Ambient Air Pressure Sensor.
Block Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system
and used to provide for easier starting in cold weather. Also
Block Stiffener Device mounted to the bottom of the engine block to provide
additional strength and rigidity to the block casting. This plate
is typically mounted using shoulder bolts to provide optimum
Breakout Harness Service tool used to check circuit voltage with electrical
components connected to the ECM.
CAC (Charge Air Cooler) Air-to-air cooler mounted in front of the engine radiator used to
lower the temperature of the intake air after it has passed
Camshaft Drive Chain The camshaft drive chain drives the camshaft and requires
Camshaft Speed/Position Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on the position of
machined surfaces in the camshaft. The signal from this
sensor is used by the ECM to determine the camshaft position.
Camshaft Sprocket A sprocket that sits on the camshaft nose and transfers the
movement of the chain to the camshaft.
Camshaft Sprocket Housing The camshaft sprocket housing is a cast aluminum component
that sits on the rear faces of both the cylinder head and the
cylinder block, and the top face of the flywheel housing.
Camshaft Sprocket Housing Cover The sprocket housing cover sits on the sprocket housing, and
seals the components inside.
Camshaft Tone Wheel The rotation of the tone wheel teeth allows the
secondary/backup engine speed sensor to measure camshaft
Catalyst A device installed in the exhaust system that causes harmful
emissions to be converted into harmless ones.
Chain Drive System Chain Drive System that transfer the movement from the
crankshaft to the camshaft by use of a chain drive system
Chain Guides Plastic chain guides that sit on either side of the chain, to
provide smooth operation.
Chain Tensioner The chain tensioner sits in a bore on the camshaft sprocket
housing, and pushes the mobile chain guide towards the
Check Valve Valve designed to prevent the reverse flow of fluid.
CLS Coolant Level Sensor
CM2220 The CM2220 ECM is the electronic control module used on
the ISF2.8 CM2220 engine.
Common Rail Rail used to store the high pressure to the injectors.
Compression Brake See Engine Brake
Coolant Heater An electric resistance heater installed in the cooling system
and used to provide for easier starting in cold weather. Also
Coolant Level Sensor The Coolant Level Sensor is used to monitor the level of the
Coolant Temperature Sensor The Coolant Temperature Sensor allows the ECM to
determine the coolant temperature.
CPL Critical Parts List
Crankcase Breather Device used to allow excess pressure in the engine crankcase
to exit the engine. Crankcase pressure is typically a result of
combustion gas flowing past the piston rings (blowby).
Crankshaft Gear A straight-cut gear, that sits on the rear crank nose beside the
crankshaft palm, and transfers the movement of the
Crankshaft Tone Wheel The rotating tone wheel teeth allow the engine speed sensor
to measure engine speed.
Crosshead A device that allows one rocker arm to open two valves.
CTS Coolant Temperature Sensor
CVC Cummins Virtual College
Data Link a) The electrical connection that allows an external electronic
device, such as INSITE, to be connected to the ECM. This
connection is used for communication and data transfer. b)
Communication system that allows the vehicle's ECM to
Dataplate Identifying information for an engine or vehicle.
Dataplate - Electronic The information contained on the engine dataplate that is
stored electronically in the ECM.
Deaerating Cooling System Cooling system utilized on many Cummins engines that aids in
purging air from the cooling system during initial coolant fill and
during operation. This system also provides a positive flow of
coolant at the water pump during all engine operating
Decomposition Reactor The decomposition reactor has an integrated diesel exhaust
fluid diffuser and will be supplied with the Aftertreatment DEF
Dosing Valve already mounted on the reactor flange. The tube
is designed so that the ammonia in the injected diesel exhaust
fluid can decompose and be adequately mixed with the
exhaust stream before it reaches the front face of the
DEF Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Diagnostic Lamp The light used to alert the operator of certain faults in the
system as well as flash out fault code information.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid The name given to the fluid when urea is mixed with water to a
32.5% solution. The composition of this solution is defined in
ISO standard ISO 22241-1. The DEF solution is a clear liquid
Dosing Control Unit The dosing control unit is an electrical device in the SCR
system that meters and pumps the required dosage to the
Drive Chain A roller type steel chain with 82 links, and it takes the
movement of the idler sprocket and transfers it to the camshaft
ECM (Electronic Control Module) A computer portion of the electronic control system that is
responsible for engine control, diagnostics, and user features.
This component receives signals from engine sensors and
OEM switches. It contains software based control algorithms
and diagnostic algorithms. These algorithms process the input
ECM Cooling Plate Component used to dissipate the heat generated from the
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Electronic Control Module (ECM) dataplate The electronic control module (ECM) dataplate displays
information about the ECM.
Engine Brake An optional component that enhances the engines ability to
slow the vehicle in coasting situations. It works by opening the
exhaust valve when the piston is at the top of the compression
stroke. Any energy stored in the compressed air is released
into the exhaust system and not returned to the piston on its
Engine Camshaft Speed/Position Sensor The primary function of the engine camshaft speed position
sensor is to determine engine position for control of fuel
injection events. The sensor has a secondary function in
determining engine speed in the event of a failure of the
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor The engine coolant temperature sensor is used by the ECM to
determine the temperature of coolant in the engine water-
Engine Crankshaft Speed/Position Sensor The primary function of the Engine Crankshaft Speed/Position
Sensor is to determine engine speed. The sensor has a
secondary function in determining engine position in the event
of a failure of the engine camshaft speed/position sensor.
Engine Family Search Search on QuickServe Online
Engine Oil Pressure Switch The ECM uses the engine oil pressure switch to monitor oil
pressure in the engine's main oil rifle.
Engine Speed Sensor Hall-effect sensor supplying a signal based on a tone wheel on
the crankshaft. The signal from this sensor is used by the
ECM to determine the engine speed and crankshaft position.
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESN Engine Serial Number
Exhaust Emissions The various chemical compounds released into the
atmosphere after combustion has taken place.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Takes a portion of the exhaust gas, cools it, combines it with
fresh air, and returns it to the combustion chamber.
Filter Module The filter module on the ISF2.8 CM2220 contains a mounting
location for the lube oil filter, the volute of the coolant pump,
mounting for the water inlet and the oil cooler.
Firing Order The order in which the cylinders, beginning with No. 1 cylinder,
deliver their power strokes.
Fleetguard Manufacturer of quality filtration and diesel engine related
products. (Customer Assistance Center 1-800-223-4583)
Fuel Pump Actuator The Fuel Pump Actuator limits fuel entering the high pressure
Fuel Rail Pressure Relief Valve The high pressure fuel rail and other high pressure
components are protected from pressure spikes by a high
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor The ECM uses the Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor to monitor fuel
Gear Pump The gear pump provides fuel to the high pressure pump.
Grid Heater An electric resistance heater mounted in the intake air system
to heat the air for easier starting at low temperatures.
Hall-Effect Sensor A type of sensor used to determine motion and proximity.
From this signal, the ECM calculates engine speed and
High Pressure Common Rail A Cummins fuel system that uses a common rail as an
accumulator to store fuel at pressures high enough for
injection. The ECM controls the electronic injectors, each of
High Pressure Fuel Lines The high-pressure fuel lines are used to connect the fuel rail to
the individual fuel connectors.
High Pressure Fuel Rail The High Pressure Fuel Rail acts as an accumulator for
pressurized fuel. The rail is made of laser welded forged steel.
High Pressure Pump The high pressure pump provides high pressure fuel to the
high pressure common rail.
Horsepower A unit of power equal to 746 Watts.
HPCR High Pressure Common Rail
Hydrocarbon An organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen.
Idler Gear A straight-cut gear, mounted on the idler shaft, and is bolted
into the cylinder block.
Idler Sprocket A sprocket that sits on the idler shaft and transfers the
movement of the idler gear to the drive chain.
INLINE II J1587, J1708, and J1939 protocol communications tool used
to connect the ECM to a PC.
INSITE The PC based electronic service tool used to diagnose and
calibrate Cummins electronic engines.
Intake Manifold Pressure/Temperature Sensor The Intake Manifold Pressure/Temperature Sensor is used for
air/fuel control, engine protection and for fan clutch control.
Intake Manifold Temperature/Pressure Sensor This sensor is used by the ECM to determine intake manifold
pressure, or boost, produced by the turbocharger and to
determine the temperature of intake air for fueling control.
J1587 An SAE communications protocol that uses J1708-style
J1708 An SAE standard that describes the data link conversion
hardware and the lower layers of the communications protocol.
J1939 An SAE communication protocol that enables an engine to be
controlled by J1939 devices. This communication standard
allows service tools and some other vehicle controllers, such
as transmission shifting, braking system, and traction control
J1939 Backbone ECM J1939 Data link connection in which service tools and
other J1939 devices communicate with the ECM. This bus can
be extended 150 feet with minimal outside interference to
communication data. The Main Bus is constructed with twisted
Jiggle Pin Jiggle Pins mounted in the thermostats upper seal, allow the
cooling system to purge air as the system is filled.
J-Jet Piston Cooling Nozzles J-Jet Piston Cooling Nozzles are used to deliver lubrication to
Lash The distance between the crosshead and the rocker arm.
Lift Pump An electric pump controlled by the ECM through a relay. Each
time the key is turned on the ECM turns on this pump for a set
period of time to insure easy starting and shorter cranking
Manometer A device used to measure pressure or pressure differences.
Micron Unit of measurement equal to one thousandth of a millimeter.
MIL Malfunction Indicator Lamp
Multiplexing The use of one circuit to provide signals from multiple
NOx Various combinations of Nitrogen and Oxygen.
NOx Sensor The NOx Sensor is used to monitor the various combinations
of Nitrogen and Oxygen levels in the SCR system.
Nozzle Ring The sliding portion of the turbocharger that changes the size of
the volute exit area. Changing the exit area affects both boost
OBD On-Board Diagnostics
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer.
Oil Pressure Sensor The Oil Pressure Sensor indicates the pressure of the oil as an
input to the engine protection system.
Oxides of Nitrogen Differing combinations of oxygen and nitrogen.
Oxidize To combined with oxygen.
Particulate Matter All solid and liquid material in cooled, diluted diesel exhaust.
Pass Through Connector Wiring harness connection used to transition the harness from
outside the engine through a casting to the interior of the
Passive Regeneration Regeneration without user interaction.
PC Personal Computer
PCN Piston Cooling Nozzle
PDF Portable Document Format - File type used by Adobe Acrobat
PE Performance Emission
Piston Cooling Nozzle A device that sprays oil onto the underside of the piston head.
This oil helps to cool the piston and may also provide some
Positive Flow Deaeration System using pressurized coolant flow to remove trapped air
Power Take Off A device mounted to the engine or transmission that provides
power for accessories such as hydraulic pumps.
Pressure Side Filter Secondary filtration filter on the ISF2.8 CM2220.
PTO Power Take Off
QuickServe Online Cummins online service information system.
Regeneration The oxidation of soot trapped on the walls of the particulate
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
RTV Gasket Material Room Temperature Vulcanizing or Room Temperature
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SCA (Supplemental Coolant Additive) Additive package used in diesel engine cooling systems to
prevent scale, corrosion, and pitting of cooling system
SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
Selective Catalytic Reduction Selective Catalytic Reduction is the Exhaust Aftertreatment
System used on the ISF3.8 CM2220 engines.
SIR Service Information Rule
STOR (Straight Thread O-Ring) Type of English fitting used to seal many of the access ports in
the block. This style fitting provides improved sealing
capabilities when compared with tapered pipe-thread fittings.
StrataPore Filter Media Multi-layered filter media which provides improved durability
and filtration capability.
Stub The J1939 Data Link connection from service tools or other
vehicle controllers that attaches to the J1939 backbone. The
stubs are restricted to approximately 1 meter in length to
minimize interference. The stub is constructed with shielding
Suction Side Filter Primary filtration filter on the ISF2.8 CM2220.
TDC Top Dead Center
Tensioner Pulley Spring loaded self adjusting pulley used to maintain a drive
belt at the desired belt tension.
Termination Resistor One of the two 120 ohm resistors connected in parallel in the
J1939 backbone circuit.
Thermistor A type of resistor containing semiconductors, which vary
predictably and rapidly with changes in temperature.
Thermocouple A device that uses the electrical potential created by dis-similar
metals to measure temperature.
Thermostat An automatic temperature sensing device utilizing a
mechanical valve to regulate the flow path of a fluid.
Timing Speed Ring A ring positioned on the camshaft via a D-flat feature used by
the camshaft speed sensor to determine the position of the
engine, and also acts as a backup for the main speed sensor.
Tone Wheel Notched ring, commonly installed on the crankshaft or
camshaft. The notches or protrusions are used as "targets" for
Torque Plus Angle/Torque Plus Turn A tightening procedure that provides a more consistent
clamping force than torque only. This is accomplished by
torquing to a specification and then rotating an additional
TPS (Throttle Position Sensor) Part of the accelerator pedal assembly that sends a pedal
position signal to the ECM. This device is a potentiometer that
produces a varying voltage as it is moved through the
Turbocharger Centrifugal air pump or blower driven by exhaust gas turbine. It
fills the engine cylinders with fresh air at a higher pressure
Turbocharger Oil Supply Line The Turbocharger Oil Supply Line carries oil to the
Turbocharger Speed Sensor This sensor measures the rotational speed of the turbocharger
shaft and helps the ECM determine that the system is
functioning and prevents overspeeding of the turbo.
Vacuum Pump The vacuum pump supplies the OEM with a vacuum source
for a hydraulic brake
Valve Seats Create a seal between the valves and the intake and exhaust
Variable Geometry Turbocharger A style of turbocharger that adjusts its exit volute area, thereby
increasing backpressure quickly, in the exhaust system.
Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) Sensor that tells the ECM the vehicle speed.
Venturi Funnel shaped nozzle inside the oil filter which uses oil flow
through the full flow filtering media to pull oil through the
VGT Actuator The electronic actuator that controls the position of the
variable geometry turbocharger nozzle ring. This actuator
Volute Rear portion of the coolant pump.
Wastegate A mechanical device that allows exhaust to bypass the
turbocharger turbine, regulating boost.
Water-in-Fuel Sensor (WIF) Sensor mounted in the bottom of the fuel filter/water separator
that indicates if too much water is contained in the bottom of
WIF Sensor Water in Fuel Sensor