ASSIGNMENT

MEDICAL EMBROYOLOGY
"Common Congenital Anomalies in Digestive System and
its Embryological basis

BY
MOHAMMED AATHIF
CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT IS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
3. Congenital anomalies in digestive system
1.esophageal atresia
2.hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
3.biliary atresia
4.omphalocele
5.gastroschisis

1.WHAT IS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES?

congenital means at birth. Anomaly comes from the greek
word anomalos meaning uneven or irregular.
Congenital anomalies is a birth defect. The word
Congential abnormality is any defect which may be in any
form structural or functional.
In 40 to 60% the cause is unknown.
2.INTRODUCTION:
 In this assignment we or going to discuss about the
congenital anomalies in the digestive system and its
embryological basis

Some of the common defects are:

1.esophageal atresia:
It is a defect which occurs when the
tracheoesophageal septum deviates far dorsally. it is
associated with polyhydraminos in which the fetus is
unable to swallow amniotic fluids.
The adventitia of the definitive esophagus are derived from
visceral mesoderm.
Its treatment include surgical repair to close the fistulas
through thoracoscopy

2.hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Its a defect which occurs when the muscularis externa
around the pyloric region hypertrophis and forms as small
palpable mass causing a narrow pyloric lumen which blocks
the passage of food
Its the inability of the pyloric splinter to relax due to a faulty
migration of the neural crest cells.
It is caused mainly due to genetic and the environmental
factors
It can be diagnosed by radiography imaging
It can be treated by surgery known as the ramstedts
procedure
3.biliary atresia
It is defined as the obliteration of extra and
intra hepatic ducts
There is an indistingusable occurrence of progressive
neonatal jaundice
It can be diagnosed by with the combination of blood test
liver biopsy and radiographic imaging
Treatment includes surgical procedure known as kasai
procedure along with surgical reconstruction of extra hepatic
biliary tract
4.omphalocele:
Its a defect in which abdominal contents protrude through
the abdominal wall
It is associated with other congenital anomalies like trisomy
13 and trisomy 18
It can be detected by AFP screening and ultrasound test
It can treated by surgery though it is difficult.
GASTROSCHISIS:
Gastoschisis occurs when there is a hole in the muscle and the
skin that covers a babys belly. The babys intestines and
sometime other organs poke through this hole leaving them
outside the body at birth.
SYMPTOMS:
Mother wont be notice any signs or symptoms if the baby has
gastroschisis.
After birth the symptoms will be like the organ were
pinched,twisted or damaged when passing htrough hole in
the babys belly
TEATMENT:
IT can be treated by docors by surgery. They will put put
back babys organ in to belly.
Trouble in digestive system after the gastroschisis is fixed
Abstract:
In this assignment we have discussed about some of the
defects seen in the digestive system during the
development period
Most of these defects can be treated by surgery

REFERENCES:
1.wikipedia
2. Fifth Edition: Diseases of the Human Body: : Author:
Tamparo&Lewis