N-Clor MR Tablet 375mg

Cefaclor
Description:

Cefaclor is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat some infections caused by bacteria such
as pneumonia and infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract.

Indications:

Cefaclor belongs to the family of antibiotics known as the cephalosporins (cefalosporins). The cephalosporins are
broad-spectrum antibiotics that are used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, biliary tract
infections, peritonitis, and urinary tract infections. The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that of
the penicillins, excretion being principally renal. Cephalosporins penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid poorly unless the
meninges are inflamed; cefotaxime is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the central
nervous system, e.g. meningitis. Cefaclor is active against many bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-
positive organisms.

Pharmacokinetics:

Cefaclor is a well-absorbed oral cephalosporin antibiotic. Peak concentrations in serum are attained within 30-60
minutes. Food intake reduces the rate, but not the extent of absorption. Cefaclor is not metabolized to a significant
degree, but it degrades chemically in the body with an approximate half-life of 2 hours. Most of the drug is excreted
unchanged in the urine, the serum half-life after oral administration is 0.5-0.7 hours. Due to the chemical
degradation, cefaclor does not accumulate to the same degree as other cephalosporins in case of renal impairment.

Mechanism of Action:

Because cefaclor is a beta-lactam-based antibiotic, it binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins located inside the
bacterial cell wall and inhibits the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. As a consequence of the defective cell
walls, the bacteria cells are autolysed by autolysins, autolytic enzymes. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell
wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins.
N-Clor MR Tablet 375mg

Adverse Effects:

The principal side effect of the cephalosporins is hypersensitivity. Penicillin-sensitive patients will also be allergic to
the cephalosporins, depending on the cephalosporin generation. The previous percentage of 10% cross reactivity
rates are often overestimated. Allergic reactions may present as, for example,
rashes, pruritus (itching), urticaria, serum sickness-like reactions with rashes, fever and arthralgia, and anaphylaxis.
The frequency and severity of serum sickness-like reactions in children has led researchers to question its role in
pediatric illness.

Dosage:

Usual Adult Dose for Bronchitis

Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or secondary bacterial infection of acute bronchitis:
250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours

Usual Adult Dose for Otitis Media

250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours for 10 to 14 days

Usual Adult Dose for Pneumonia

Mild to moderate:
500 mg orally every 8 hours for 10 to 21 days

Usual Adult Dose for Pyelonephritis

Mild to moderate:
500 mg orally every 8 hours for 14 days

Usual Adult Dose for Sinusitis

250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours for 10 to 14 days

Duration: 10 to 14 days. Longer courses of therapy, sometimes 3 to 4 weeks, may be required for refractory or
recurrent cases.

Usual Adult Dose for Skin or Soft Tissue Infection

Uncomplicated:
250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours
Duration: 7 to 10 days

Usual Adult Dose for Tonsillitis/Pharyngitis

Immediate-release: 250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours

Duration: 10 days

Usual Adult Dose for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

N-Clor MR Tablet 375mg

Mild to moderate: 250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours for 10 days

Usual Adult Dose for Urinary Tract Infection

250 to 500 mg orally every 8 hours for 3 to 10 days