Survey Notes

:Als.
Sonia Zaktiary
44611 Orchard fn.
Lancaster, CA 93534
Civil Surveying Review
Course
Part I Problems
Chapter 1 California Law
1-You have opened up a Civil Engineering consulting firm by yourself. A client asks you to
perform the following surveys:
1. Cadastral (property/boundary) survey
2. Topographic survey
3. Design grading plan with no boundary is shown
4. Provide construction staking for grading
5. Stake for building construction-providing control is established by a person authorized to
perform land surveying.
6. American Land Title Association (ALTA) survey on completed project
Which of the above tasks can you legally perform under your P.E. license?
A) 3,4,5,6 B)2, 3, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 4
2-A property owner would like to have a topographic survey performed for his lot. The corners
are not set. What options does he have?
Hire a pre 1982 Civil Engineer.
II Hire a post 1982 Civil Engineer.
1111 Hire a Land Surveyor.
IV Hire a post 1982 Civil Engineer and a Land Surveyor.
A) I B) 1,11 C) I, II, D) All
3-Plane Surveying is defined as:
A) when curvature of earth is considered B) when curvature of earth is neglected

C) when less accurate surveying equipment is used D) when refraction is only considered
4-Your client has asked you to prepare a hydrology map of an area of about 5 acres. Which map
would you use to examine the shape of the terrain?
A) USGS Topographic Map B) Parcel Map

C) Tentative Parcel Map D) Roadway Map
5-Which survey type is needed to ensure that fixed engineering work is appropriately done with
respect to the project plans?
A) Final Survey B) As-Built Survey

C) Control Survey D) Photogrammetric Survey
- 6-Which type of survey can be used to establish parallel and perpendicular measurements?
A) Boundary Survey B) Control Survey

C) Route Survey D) Cartographic Survey
7-In Plane Surveying, the distance between two points is
1
Chapter 1 California Law and Surveying
A) Slope distance B) Horizontal distance

C) Vertical distance D) Meander distance
8-While staking the construction of a bridge, you noticed the roadway monument got destroyed
by the bulldozer. As a Resident Engineer, you would
A) Replace the monument B) File a corner record

C) Both "A" and "B" D) None of the above
9-The best methods to locate underground high-risk utilities are:
A) check the As-Built Plans

B) check the utility plans
C) check the roadway plans
D) perform pot-hole survey
10-Which of the following statements are true?

I Field notes must be handwritten with a pencil.
IT A mistaken data on the field book should be erased.
III Combinations of sketches, tabulations, and descriptions should be included in the field book.
IV Climatic conditions and instrument types must be noted in the field book.
A) I, IV B) I, II, m c) n, rv D) I, DI, IV
11-An environmental sensitive area is to be determined within the highway right of way. Who is
most qualified to delineate the area?
A) The environmental Engineer B) The Civil Engineer

C) Land Surveyor D) The Project Engineer
12-Which statement below is true?
A) A post 1982 Civil Engineer can legally establish an easement.

B) A pre 1982 Civil Engineer may legally relocate a monument.
C) A post 1982 Civil Engineer can not legally re-establish the elevation of a bench mark.
D) All Civil Engineers may replace lost corners.
13- What type of map do you need for dividing parcels?
A) Topo Map B) Lay-out Map

C) Parcel Map D) Any Official Map
14-What types of measurements are typically made by pre 1982 Civil Engineer/Land Surveyor in
performing work for condominium developments?
A) As-Built B) Horizontal distance

C) Utility measurements D) Pot-holing
2
15-The city is planning to improve the intersection of "A" and "B" Streets during next
construction season. Which type of survey is needed?
A) Engineering survey B) Route survey

C) Topographic survey D) Aerial survey
3
0 ts
2i ?j 13 30/
LI 1
Chapter 2 Distance Measurements: Horizontal and Vertical
1-Which of the following statements is not true?
I Subtense bar always measure the horizontal distance.

II An invar subtense bar produces more accurate measurements.
11:1 Incorrect tape length results in accidental errors.DK
IV Shimmering effect is caused when line of sight passes through air of fluctuating density. 1_ ,
(IX JII B) II, HI, IV C) I, II, IV D) All
2-Which one of these level rods is considered to be a "direct reading" rod?
I. Philadelphia rod II. Chicago rod OLenker rod W. All
A) I B) I, II C) I, 1
0)
3-To calibrate an EDM instrument; distances AC, AB, and BC along a straight line were
measured as 4023.185 m, 1990.696 m, and 2032.488 m. respectively. What is the system
measurement constant for this equipment? tqq0,6/4 2,..32,4g6
N
A) 0.040 m B) 0.041 m C) 0.045 m 0.001 m
(0.451.-a4-etror Ac--
4-If an EDM instrument has an accuracy o + (5 mm + 5 ppm), what error can be expected in a
measured distance of 2500 feet?
,32 r6)
0 8.8 mm
, B) 98 mm C) 108 mm D) 78mm
5-It is required to layout a level pad of 60.00 ft wide and 100.00 ft long. lithe steel tape being
used were 100.04 ft long (under standard-Condition), what distance would be laid out?
c)
A) 60.03' by 100.04' 9.98' by 99.96'
C) 59.97' by 99.96' ) 60.08' by 99.95'
6-Which one of the following represents the datum for the Vertical Control?
6
A) NAD 27 11))NIGVD 29, NAVD 88 C) NAD 83 D) NAVD 98
100.0
7-What is the Mean Sea Level (MSL)?
e average of all the water heights over a tide epoch

NGVD '29 or NAVD '88
C) water level at the beach
D) sea level at full moon
8-Which of the following is a method of minimizing error due to imperfect adjustment of a level
(line of sight is not horizontal)?
4
Chapter 2 - Distance Measurements: Horizontal and Vertical
A) double rodding ee-wire leveling

C) using shorter sight lengths alancing sight lengths
9-A level with an elevation of 6.50 ft above the mean sea level is used to sight a rod, which is
0
being held on a benchmark 10 off plumb. The rod reading is 6.50 ft. What is the elevation of
the benchmark?
A) 0.00 ft B) 6.40 ft 10 ft D) -6.50 ft
10-What type of notes should be used to develop a contour map of a 2-acre park? tio
- 4
triangular B) slope stakes
oss section D) traverse closed loop
11-A rod reading at the top of a pipe is 13.20', BS = 4.73', BM = 195.35', Pipe = 42" RCP (OD),
and with a thickness of 3". There must be a 1.5' minimum cover. What is the invert elevation?
A) 181.38' (, ) 83.63' C) 179.06' D) 179.84'
12-If running a line of levels to establish a bench mark, one bacicsight is misread as 5.35 instead
of .35 and one foresight is misread a4.13 instead*7.13, the net effect on the eleiZYn of the
be' hiiark established will be which of the following:
3,- ri Co r r e cf-- 4-1 0 t'T C re--,A_ <
9Clov (4 t ,
A) to shows it two feet too high 015 g, 3 5
k CA
B) ta-shows it one foot too low

C) to shows it two feet too low Fs t. .
-(13
one of the above )
_
13-Convert slope measurements
4.5% to vertical angle 3 Li \
A) 2 36' 36" B) 2 38' 37" C) 2 35' 36" 2 34' 36"

30 30' to percent grade
-g
A) 6.34% B) 6.50% C) 5.12% .12% 1
-
14-You are given a profile sheet with a beginning station of 1+45, elevation 350.00-ft, and the
following: c L4c) 35-(1:)=4;-4,50)- l o,3(i2,5-1,i15)
1-Slope -0.30% to station 4+50 '1 3

2-Slope +1.35% to Station 10+45 Li
1 - --/ 5
3-Slope -10.8% to Station 12+50
44-
What is the elevation at station 12+50?

A) 335.98' B) 336.98' 34.98' D) 335.00'
15-A utility company will place 4 pipes of 8", 12", 16" and 24" (outside diameters) with a 1/4" of
\)) wall thickness in a trench. The specifications call for a minimum clearance of 8"in between each
5
pipe plus 3-feet of structural backfill compacted to._ relative compaction over the top pipe.
What is the_ invert elevation of the bottom pipe (i.e. 24" pipe), if the ground elevation at top of the
trench is 255.00 feet?
A) 248.25' 45.05' C) 242.80' D) 250.25'
16-Based on the Peg Test data shown below, determine the adjustment?
Station BS (+) FS (-)
A 8.10'
B 4.96'
A 8.51'
B 5.35'
.02' B) +0.02' C) +0.2' D) -0.2'
17-When pegging a level the surveyor reads 5.35' on the backsight rod and 5.28' on the foresight
rod. After moving the level adjacent to the backsight rod, a reading of 5.22' is taken on the near
rod. What should be on the far rod?
A) 5.16' B) 5.17' D) 5.18'
18-Some data are missin g from the samp le differential level run below. All readin gs are in feet.
Station BS (+) 1-11 FS (-) Elev.
BM "A" 4.05 - c 256.18
4.06 'I 2 ;6,12:
7? ' 2 6 0 . 7 3 2-6,,, ,z 1 lc ,
TBM #1 5.26 6.48 253.75
10.26 ?? '2 Li 44 . (1-1
(bottom of ditch)
259.01 16q..1 - 1.Se
TBM #2 2.56 7.56 ??-260,14-1 -
254.01
q L
TBM # 3 r , is r L-1 i g q 245.56
250.45 *2-5.. Lb -1,0g
BM "B" 7.08 r ILI331
(243.39)
Determine the misclosure? ruse e 665,-7G4-.4 ES4 .4) ft s (I

214 3 .31 - 2-43,3S
A) 0.0211 .02ft C) 0.2 ft D) 0.2ft
19-The peg adjustment test shows that a level's line of sight is inclined downward
0.0045 111100 ft. What is the allowable difference between BS and FS distances at each setup
(neglecting curvature and refraction) to keep elevations correct within 0.001 ft?
A) 21.22' 022' C) 2' C) 25'
6
61,364
L pwaS apPi
20-A distance is measured as 1965.02 ft when the tape temperature is 30 F. If the same distance
is measured again with the same tape at a temperature of 95 what distance should be expected,
neglecting other errors? (Assume coefficient of thermal expansion of 6.5 x 10 -6 per degree
Fahrenheit.)
A) 1,964.19' B) 1,971.20' C) 1,965.05' D) 1,965.70'
21-A transit (hi = 5.47 ft) at station K (elevation = 871.20 ft) is sighted at station M with the
following results: stadia interval = 2.65 ft, crosshair rod reading = 9.33 ft with a vertical angle of
4 0 29'. Determine
The horizontal distance of KM
263.38' B) 265.38' C) 260.00' D) 262.50'
The elevation of station M
A) 844.50' B) 848.75' 6.69' D) 842.80'
22-When using Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) equipment, better precision is attained
.
c.r when
1ong sights are taken

9 shortest possible sights are taken
the
C) sights are taken as close to the grounds as possible
D) backsights and foresights equal
23-Which of the following is true for a "cut" tape?
e last foot (or meter) at each end of the tape is graduated.

There is an extra graduated foot (or meter) beyond the zero mark.
C) Both (A) and (B) are true.
D) Neither (A) nor (B) are true.
24-What is the purpose of the technique own as "waving the rod?"

A) elimination of collimation error ( etermine the reading of a level rod at plumb position
C) to check for parallax to insure being seen by the instrument operator
t1W 5-In order to achieve the best possible horizontal accuracy, which of the following would be the
r\t-n most important with regard to the electronic distance-measuring device used?
ow the exact atmospheric temperature and pressure

keep the batteries fully charged
C) use an umbrella to keep sun off the instrument
D) Calibrate the instrument
7
oko -How does the curvature effect rod reading?
A) none
B curvature causes smaller reading
ature causes greater reading
D) the effects varies with different instruments
27-A reciprocal leveling across a river provides the data listed below. The correct elevation of
A BM "R" is 348.22 feet. Elevation of BM "M" is required. Instrument near BM "M": BS = 3.25;
ec s_ =
& -6.82, -6.81, -6.83. Instrument near BM "R": BS = 8.35; FS = -4.80, -4.80, -4.81
A) 348.78' B) 349.78' C) 350.78' CD351.78'
28-What is the horizontal distance "X" of the figure below:

P-ec 2'
Cloa11. +: 0:0
CNA) " 3 3( E
. -
71,
B) 39'
29-What is the correct reading of the rod shown below
2
40
_9
9
7
3
3 OZ
3 .41-1
3iFfr
.) 3.084 ft
(!) B) 3.062 ft C) 3.080 ft D) 3.083 ft
8
30-For a closed level loop beginning at an established benchmark and running through three
benchmarks, the resulting filed elevations are as shown. What is the adjusted elevation for
benchmarks Al, A2, and A3 respectively? All elevations are in feet.
Bench Mark Forward Run Back Run

BM-200 100.00 (established Elev.) 99.92
Al 102.50 102.38
A2 110.00 109.94
A3 113.00 113.00
A) 102.44, 109.97, 113.00 B) 102.45, 109.94, 112.092

C) 102.48, 110.01, 113.04 D) 102.50, 110.00, 113.00
r-In the illustration shown below, what is the elevation of the bottom of the overhead sign
structure?
tcp o -t 0-1 -F. t 3 Lo7 12. Elevation =?

\,6 71
1.40 2.52 1.38 2.65 1.07 12.99
Elev.=100.00'
111.67' B) 98.68' C) 110.25' D) 108.00'

loo +(kilt 1,33 t-I47412.qcr)
32-Based on the field notes provided for cross sections: =111\67
Field Notes (all measurements in feet)
Station + HI Elevation C/L

BMA 44.90
3.30 i -\ -
12+00 tit-hcio 4 33- 0.8 L2 4.2 5.0
g
50 18 12 12 11 50
BM B 4.16 '''-`r
I
What is the ground elevation located at 18-ft left of station 12+00. All units are in feet.
A) 45.0' 315.9' C) 41.5' D) 44.9' g 1 mr7 3

r
What is elevation of BM B? 4
-7_1 io
A) 44.00' B) 44.05' 44.04' D) 44.90'
\TL: j
0 41,2,4,76
iAtA
9
33-The following notes were taken during a differential leveling.
Station BS(ft) FS(ft) Elevation(ft)

BM1 3.27 35.45
TP1 4.56 4.31
TP2 5.32 4.28 -8 5A5 4 ( 3, 2
1 01,56 - 5,32
.
4
BM2 6.72 5.95

TP3 4.58 3.25 ( li, 3 --I- 4/ Z g + 5.9 5)1.: 3 /, 0-4
1 1,
TP4 8.25 4.35 3,--,(43- +

BM3 - 5.61 321- 27,752 qa
i Lf
32/1e.
Determine the elevation of BM2. 27.1s C- Preptc,
A) 34.10' 4.06' C) 35.06' D) 32.06'
Determine the difference in elevation between BM2 and BM3.
A) 6.38' B) 40.04' C) 40.40' .34'
34-For the level rod shown below, what is the approximate distance to the rod? (Assuming a
stadia constant of 100 plus 5 cm)
1-; s
I)
/0 15)25
4)(loo
L-
7 Li (04-
A)23ft B) 51ft C) 234ft D) 57ft
5-While the transit is located at station "C," two observations along a uniform slope ground are
made. Based on the field notes shown below, determine the difference in elevations from point
"A" to point "B." (Assume hi is equal to the rod reading and stadia factor = 100)
Stations Vertical Angle Rod Interval (ft)

C to A 830' 4.32
C to B -5045' 3.48
A) 95.80 ft B) 88.80 ft 7.80 ft D) 99.80 ft
36-What is the shortest distance in feet between points A and B as shown below?
V z_ ; re
to 4,4 3) /a A -, 41 .
-7 t
4,3 2 -6 351
10
7 e-17,eq
2 93, IS) 2, /5", 76
( 7 /./c-
-355
. 1 7/.11
(1, :3 '2 )7
X LI, q -2 - .13 74, cic\
25' B) 728' C) 689' D) 758' Z3 3
Horizontal distance between points X and A in feet is: L -7 Lc14q (I 1.- 14-7-(17
75' B) 380' C) 360' D) 345' ?(/ , VeJ,3)
How many times the full length of the tape was used? Assuming a 100' long tape was used. 77().. A`
A) 6 D) 8
How many times the tape was used in the measurement?
A) 6 B) 5 C) 7
37-What is a typical application of reciprocal leveling?
A) establishing geodetic leveling along busy interstate highways

1 B1:01.
establish centerline profiles
ansfer elevations across rivers and/or valleys
D) both A and B
38-What instrument do you recommend for obtaining topographic features of a rough terrain?
A) EDM B) Chain otal Station D) Level
39-A surveyor is collecting both horizontal and vertical control data. He turns his theodolite
(clockwise) 250 to sight on point "A" located at -8 15'. The following reading are taken on the
rod:
Upper hair = 7.25'
Middle hair = 6.05'
Lower hair = 4.85'
The specification of this instrument indicates the stadia factor (K) = 100 plus 15 cm.
If the rod reading and the h.i. are the same, what is the horizontal distance between the instrument
and the rod in feet?
G)235' 38 C) 245' D) 252'
yWhat is the difference in elevation between the instrument's station and point "A"?
f2-3
11
A) -30' 4' C) -40' D) -45'
40-Determine elevation at point C, if points A and D have elevations of 210' and 204',
respectively.
2 2c 2
80' 210 +X -4 220 14 \ ) - 5e
Ei,ev Level 3
g y -2 26 --2)4
' NI
2)4
5 Y 2 t,
2-. 4.16,q
300' 2_ 14 5
Cross-Section 0 -- So- 2_7 z 17_0 -IX

No Scale
C 77/a
A) 230' B) 220' 50' D)270'
if.-.:/ 4'li
-
.1014
--- 7 So. q
41-The leveling notes below are based on the NGVD '29. What will the elevation of BM "A" be
in NAVD 88, if elevation of BM "B" based on NAVD 88, is 107.88'?
Point BS(ft) FS(ft) Elev.(ft) 311

BM "A" 5.86 105.00 --z tos
TP # 1 3.57 1 1-1, 01 -19,
5.20 E" i p c i /3 /4
V
A V t1/4/ 00 ,3
TP # 2 4.58 2.95 1 0(4,6 6 I
BM "B" 6.20 ,-/71-3 , 22- Or! ffiza ho -e.1-1
KVA VO
14,35 z-/$1.22- I I 6 r a "" toite, 66
A) 104.66' B) 105.66' C) 108.14' 108.22'
,---- 3 z z_
2-A water line is to be run on a uniform grade from station 1+00 to 4+00. The elevation of the
Izwater
tr-
line at station 1+00 is 320.00 feet and at station 4+00 is 315.00 feet. The profile level notes
of the ground elevations for the stations are given below. Find the cut or fill at station 4+00.
Station BS(ft) FS(ft) Elev.(ft)

BM-1 6.88 336.80
TP-1 3.42 10.11 fe
p
1+00 8.2
2+00 6.1
TP-2 4.71 2.93
3+00 4.3
4+00 11.4 5t- I
. 1 .e 32-6 3 71 ' -7 _
A)C12.4' B) F12.4' C) D) F1.0'
43-A filed survey has been performed for a proposed sewer line based on two different
alignments. The filed leveling notes in feet are shown below.
12
-
-3266i
g
'
ji-
..?
C _(
1 4 1.- ,..
L
Alternative A Alternative B
Station OG Station OG
7
0+00 338.2 0+00 356.2 ' 3 2
1+00 336.9 1+00 334398..32 4"-- i: f ,E....3: 5
2+00 349.2 ---- 2+00
3+00 352.3 / 3+00 326.3 -51-1.1L-,c plio-f.
4+00 353.5 /- 4+00 334.7 &2 5
5+00 352.7- 5+00 351.3
6+00 353.1 6+00 356.1 '''. 33 /,
The proposed sewer line invert will begin at station 0+00 at an elevation of 322.0 with a slope of
+1.5%. Which of the statements is true regarding the two alternatives?

I Alternative B will require more excavation than A.
II Alternative B will have the pipe exposed.
ifi Alternative B has the maximum trench depth compared to
A) I and 11 B) I and In (-C3 and DI D)I,ILand ffl
44-The existing elevations of the front and back sides of the lot are shown below. During a 100-
year floodithe river raises to an elevation of 178.00-feet Determine the flooded area in square
feet?
River
Elev. 173'
Elev. 182'
250'
County Road
Plan View
Not to Scale
A) 20,000 ft2 B) 18,050 ft2 C) 16,670 ft2 )20,830 ft2
45-Using a line perpendicular to AB through x, cut off one-third of the area to include corner B,
and determine length xy in feet.
7n
2
x-S2-37
( 327, 5' ) 2
2 5 !.2
4-13c0 211-165/3''
s
32D31
q/,3L1
Sv-/C)11 2
-5-
13 y
. 13
7 1- 3 2
52
300'
G175' B) 165' C) 185' D) 200'
Y
h 065 5;./1 65
5 1 /1 14 33 ? ,)` ?3
20,37 ID4
11
cA ,3 - ( d51
lb,
6-The parcel below contains 18,000 square feet. If cut-off Line HG is parallel to EF, determine
the length of HG in feet.
reL,
15
(3 0
0)( 3,73/)
h y
( 13)
3,1 3
iI 22,73 1 71u,,.
Z,z (6,o3
14 6 - 30 i g
,a3)( 2
65' B) 250' C) 280' D) 220' 7 6 7, q3
The following are excerpts of field notes.
111 =968.11 feet
5.2 6.6 8.1
50 0 45
The designs calls for a 30-ft wide roadbed with 2% cross slope. The slopes at both sides are 3:1.
The sub-grade elevation Of the centerline is 969.60 feet.

Determine the right slope intercept measured from the centerline.
A) 28' B) 35' C) 38.0' D) 43'
Determine the left slope intercept measured from the centerline.
A) 20' B) 39' C) 36' D) 49'
48-Find the area (in acres) formed by the two parallel lines with the north and south lines.
400' 3
r>e -36.Ebcfg
A
S113
300' 0
7) 6
410
; fl
6
::/1/ 5 3 6 2-
A) lacre B) 2acre C) 0.5acre .92acre
i) re, q
v. pe. 3 0c,
6.?3/ tft . -7, X
L 14.513 4 )e)
14
E 1.e v(Z rplt z_ 1 0 2.7-3 7,17 %1

Z ica3
49-P rO file leveling notes in feet are shown below:
y Elev z ci,103+ j i 67,4 471, z:(10,S
RI
2- 4. 5o
Station Elev. 1 Grade
BM 2.12 102.23 P4#
0 5.6 88.00 q
+75 8.2 91.15 3. 0 34416- 7 - 99%7
TP # 1 1.67 11.32
1+75 2.1
2+00 4.2
The OG elevation at 2+00 is
A) 80.50' B) 81.00' 0.50' D) 90.00'
The HI at TP#1 is
A) 84.60' B) 90.40' .70' D) 94.60'
The fill at 1+75 is
A) 2.0' .7' C) 3.5' D) 2.4'
50-In surveying the term grade means:
A) proposed elevation the slope of a profile line

C) vertical distance below or above grade stakes 11 of the above
51-A foresight taken during the process of differential leveling is
A) obtained from waving the rod -),

B) obtained by subtracting the eye-level-height of the instrument-man from the HI
dC a rod reading taken on a bench mark of known elevation ).

a rod reading taken on benchmark of unknown elevation
E) subtracted from the BS to get the elevation of a TP

A)? Tilting level is used for the most precise work.
41) Digital level is used for the most precise work.
C) Automatic level is used for the most precise work.
D) All can be used for most precise work with a little care.
53-Which of the following equipment is not part of the taping accessories:
Tension Handles B) Range Poles C) hand level

D level E) plumb bobs
15
54-Which statement below is not correct?
A) The cross sectional area of a tape is directly proportional to the pull correction.
B) The cross sectional area of a tape is inversely proportional to the pull correction.
C) The sag correction is negative in measuring problems.
D) The approximate formula for the slope correction may be used for grades less than 10%.
55- Sights to an observation tower are shown in the following sketch:
Co
0.1
Determine D
6050' B) 6080' C) 5500' D) 6020'
Determine H
A) 545' B) 365' C) 556' D) 350'
56-By reviewing the information shown below, how many feet is the street above or below the
high water (hw) level?
Elevation of high water level = 18.93' based on Flood Control District's datum (FCD).
Elevation of the street = 17.85' based on City's datum.
Elevation 0.00' based on the FCD datum = Elevation 2.30' based on NAVD 88.
Elevation 1.23' based on the City's datum = Elevation 0.00' based in NAVD 88.
A) 2.15' above hw B) 2.5' above hw C) the same (D) .15' below hw
16
:3)
Chapter 3 Angular Measurements and Traversing
-Tangent line AB of bearing N 45 E is prolonged to point C by double centering. Two
foresights point C' and C" are set. What is the angular error introduced in a single plunging, if
the length BC is 900.25 feet and C'C" is 0.70 feet?
A) 0 01' 23" 01' 20" C) 01 01' 23" D) 10 01' 20"
2-The latitudes of a closed traverse failed to close by +0.30', and the departures failed to close by
+0.45'. The sum of the horizontal traverse distances is 4,950.34'. What is the error of closure?
/1
A) 0.74' B) 0.45' C) 0.59' 00.54'
.
f -What is the relative precision (as a ratio) of problem number 2?
/9,100 B) 1/8,500 C) 1/10,500 D) 1/20,000
via)etermine the bearing of the closing line of problem number 2.
A) N 56 18' 48"W (17)) 56 18' 36"W

C) N 56 18' 36" E D) S 56 18' 38" E
radial traverse survey should be adjusted using:
A) the Compass rule B) the Transit Rule

C) the Crandall rule Least Square method
-A reading of 5.86' (with zenith angle of 90) is obtained on station 3+00 that has an elevation
of 125.05'. The instrument is now turned to TBM "R" and the following readings are obtained:
vertical angle of 10 30', horizontal distance of 85.00', and a rod reading of 3.57. Determine the
elevation of TBM "R"?
A) , 110.00' B) 100.00' C) 120.00' 11.60'
e/7The magnetic bearing of an old survey line originally recorded as N 7 25' W is now
I N 2 30' E. What has been the change in magnetic declination?
B) 9 55' E C) 4 55' W D)N 9 55' W
8-
8 Kthehecoordinates of point A are 1035 N, 1585 W, and those of point B are 435 N, 900 W, the
earing of course AB is
A)N 41 12' 50" W ( B) S 48 47' 04" E C) S 41 12' 50"E D) S 41 12' 50"W
-A
1>,,( backsight with inverted telescope is sighted at a point that bears N 38 E from the transit.
The telescope is plunged (reversed) and a right deflection angle of 68 is turned. The azimuth of
the new line measured fi m north is
A) 285 86 C) N 74 W D) S 74 E,
9 -
p1 21,1u4k 7. 3 Z A-
.
2u:it)
e
1I t) etermine the latitude and departure of the following course AB.
Course Bearing Distance
AB N 29 30' 20" E 200.00 ft
4.06', 98.50' B) 184.05', 98.51' C) 175.05', 98.53' D) 176.00', 98.57'

N
-A compass bearing was read in the field as S 64 39' E. The magnetic declination was
observed to be 18 30' 30" E. What is the true bearing of the observed line?
-
/1
A) S 46 08'35" E 46 08' 30" E C)N 46 08' 30" W D) S 46 08' 35" W
-The following data is taken from a closed traverse that contains four courses.
Course Bearin Distance 1_,J} 4 vo, A---

6C.te3CNtv
AB N 83 30'E 100.00' go 34 -a
BC
CD
S 29 25' E
S 24 45' W
60.00'
70.32'
/6 1
46 e g
3
What is the bearing and length of course DA?
43 28' 56" W, 144.43' B)N 42 09' 04" W, 148.10'

N 43 28' 56" E, 144.43' D) S 43 28' 56"E, 145.00'
What is the DMD of the last course?
99.40' B) 99.40' C) 100.25' D) 60.00'
1.1 K-If coordinates of point A of problem 12 are N 1,000.00 and E 1,000.00, determine the northing
and casting of point "C"?
959.06,E 1,128.83 B)N 961.06, E 1,129.86

) N 960.06, E 1,130.86 D) N 949.06, E 1,128.96
14-What is the correct algebraic sum of the deflection angles (7R and 4L) in a closed polygon
traverse, assuming no lines crisscrosses. --
A) Not enough data 360 C ) L = ER D) (n-2) x 180
-Based on the following notes for an open traverse, determine the north azimuth of the last
course "DE".
AB = N 45 E
Point deflection Angle
45 R
45 L
135 L
A) 90 B) 180 70
18
16- Find the bearing for each side of the polygon shown belctw.
22147"
,
6cc-S 3c 2 2 Li 2"
0 3 5 33 '
% `;') 1#
0 5 14/
cb
D A clA L 25W
Measured angles are A = 110 15' 15", B = 80 53' 02", C = 89 01 45", and D = 79 49' 58".
The bearing of the course AB is measured as N 50 30' 20" E.
v ilearing of the course BC

A) S 30 23 42" E B)N 33 23' 42" W C) 30 22' 42" OIS 30 22' 42" E
Bearing of the course CD
1..7k"a0 35' 33" B) S 60 36' 34" E C) N 60 35' 33" E 60 35' 33" W
Bearing of the course DA
19 14' 25" W B) S 19 14' 25" E C) 19 14' 25" D)N 19 15' 25" W
17-You are given the following property description
Beginning at the most westerly corner of lot 4, Tract No. 5 as shown in Book 10, page 3, of the
official Records of Placer County
Thence N 55 37' E 567.34 ft

Thence S 49 38' E 810.76 ft
Thence S 43 26' W 922.75 ft
Thence N 39 22' W 411.72 ft
Thence N 18 53' W 588.16 ft
To the point of beginning

(VI) calculate all interior angles ')2
) calculate all deflection angles
q
he table below shows the state plane coordinates for the above parcel of land. What is the
area in acreage bounded by courses AB, BC, CE and EA?
19
Points X Y
A 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
B 1,000,468.21 \'1,1,000,320.39
C 1,001,085.93 \\999,795.28
D 1,000,451.52 \999,125.19
E 1,000,190.36 \-1999,443.49
A) 15acre B) 16acre C) 17acre D) 12acre

f
v 18-
( ,
C....(5 0 (,(1 ,-, A 0 ,.., +... l c. a i- 1L,o Ac., 4
-
0661 40 , ..,:loc,i-30c,
t
lo iv CS
I-Based on the notes below, determine the direction of the last course EA:
Course Balanced Latitude Balanced Departure .0 M D
D I 0 ---(----
A
i
AB + N 600 --I E 200 2 oc,
D BC
r , ,,ork, 6 1?-.. f - CD
t N 100 + E 400 8o0
0.00 --4- E400 ( boo
DE S400 W300 / /a e
.
EA 3 3,7 S -lb ci 'Ai -7c) 6
A) S 53 08' W B)N 53 08' E' C)N 80 25' W S 66 48' W

7, 4 6 a
fl-What is the area of the above land in acreage? A re a
7K1-43,Ce70 eke
acre B) 9acre C) lOacre D) 11 acre
e
sing the data below, determine X c and Y, V p A 6 Leo DivID Ali?
xA=5 '
p A- 9, 2
Y
04 0 c.,
A
. we- v.
YA=10
2 Da D. p 8 c , li
A 6 oa len * A
[Amp Sc.
B w e,
t &r, tS/ %.D
sr
a
0 Dep 13c. ti
l o Je p c f) tied)
C ir, 00 ' C
30 ft
lc,- 0 PI 0 Ci..)
D -73 Go 9055E Pe p cP
3 00 o e p rAc =? - .R... n 0
.)
E 70 Y =7 -- -
0 7 37 7 I M ) 7E
A 7 o Cr j'igO',-10' B) 50', +4' C) 45', -5' 50', -4'
3,1
-
L.29...Erele rm1ne the bearing and distance of the jine from point B to C ep -70a = 7 0
HD
1
1/ X 0 A-3(-31 72(6) ( L
16) -I- I XI 31 4, 4
2 t
2 A- r ( I0
L L
4
(
) t 241 - '7
- 1- 0 i -1 5-4
IL 13 r
?)(Z-i3/567
20
Chapter 3 - Angular Measurements and Traversing
to s gi30 t C.c.s --130 -f
5, 2 3
/ 2_ s, /-) 1014
5.
1. '1 o<7: tit/7 3.)
,
7
Xc=12
PC 1- XA-0
Yc=1
3.23 YA=0
-3 g 3 3) 5 "
034
5-,2 3
A) 8.0', N 38 E ,P 7 8 S 38 34' E
C) 10.0', S 38 36' E - S.63 D) 5.0', 5 63 41' E
-Determine the Xx and Yx of the point where the two lines intersect as shown in the sketch
below. 2
- X
' ..; .,- 9 ,..,,i X6=30
Y6=20
xx.? (./ ,s.,5 x -1- i .h iv)
'2 Li -
111 13 6 ---,-__ 2. 0 0 .... ..-5
Yx'? 73
L
) XA=2 )6,4 42 -
YA=8
3
/74 3
k
X6=40 351
X,=0 Yo=5
3 Y,=0 gz
3 - (
; 9 A' :". 3
A) 7.0, 11.0 B) 10.0, 10.0 11.0, 7.0 D) 5.0, 16.0
6
22-Using the data given, determine the bearing of the line from "R" to "X".
Radius= 8.0 ft
(30.00, 25.00)
(5.00, 15.00)
R' V-*
(10.00, 10.00)
13 53' E B) S 13 12' W C)N 4 12' E D) S 48 53' W tr.
21
fee.t 4. X 4c) 2.65- x I f..s
23- P ermine the area of parcel ABC in acres.
Due East P
o
2. 65 `-f
g5Q I
Ci4 3 -
6
.
::: 32 11 V gs.c-3(
212- 0
A c S.2:24.) V1 66
5C3 ,48: 21-3
32,97
-7
- 1 13.5
A) 1.00acre .85 acre C) 0.93acre D) 0.90acre
v2,4 -
.
Ch-amances require a 20' setback from "A" street and a 10' setback from "B" street. Find
allowable buildable area of the lot in square feet? , 17
1 7I 7 .CP( 3 5 ic
/4reocr-;
p: 441 731 , 43 5,,
7
2"
354.4 g I
378 H 7 /b51/
N65 a
I
A street 11,511 :
"5- F-- 37 //, 5
35,S, ys
A) 11,010 ft 2 B) 110,036 ft2 C) 110,080 & D) 110,500 ft2
25-A subdivision is proposed such that for each lot, the minimum lot size is 37,000 square feet
with 185' minimum on Front Street. Find the maximum number of equal size lots possible.
2 17 g y L 3 , 5 pa ou
"Z- la
Zei
5 acres
Front Street
,) 5 2/78"-u P-Ni 80 E
B) 7.5 C) 6 D) 7
26-The parcel below must be divided into a minimum lot size of 0.5 acres with 110-feet

minimum on the "A" Street. How many lots will be created, if the dimension of each lot on the
"A" street remains the same? All lots will border on "A" Street.
22
/6 I
1 /1" /4
-It 2
o 5 y4 3 i
g
.6 u 1
2 / 7S6'
11-111,6
z(>7 650 ft
7_ (,, M 3 e (dfr
11 6 4 211,77-2_
'le 2
6- ,t
708 ft
11 >
to 20 \I-110 ?,j G A Street
N80E
7 \tilt 64
e lots 5 B) 6 lots C) 7 lots D) 8 lots
27-By examining the transit scales shown below, determine the following:
.30
.000
aGo 2 5 Scale
270
N fb)
What is the clockwise reading of Figure "a" above?
A) 58 40' 8 47' C) 55 38' D) 56 48'

What is the countercloc Ise reading of Figure "a" above?
A) 302 13' 01 12' C) 303 13' D) 302 13'
What is the clockwise reading of Figure "b" above?
A) 92 27' 20" B) 91 30' 28" C) 91 26' 15" 1 27' 30"
What is the counterclockwise reading of Figure "b" above?

0
A) 268 35' 30" 68 33' 00" C) 268 3' 25" D) 268 38' 45"
23
X 28-In th
the situation shown, which method could be used to locate Point C in relation to Points A
and B using only an EDM?
- c

A Traverse B) Bearing-Bearing intersection

2tan
i ce-Distance intersection D) Incomplete problem
29-For a closed traverse loop with measured angles and distances as shown, what is the bearing
from Point 1 to Point 2? Assume a bearing of east for the course from Point 2 to Point 3.
BS Setup FS Angle to Left Distance to FS

1 2 3 75 30' 10" 380.00 m
2 3 4 12040'30" 46000m
3 4 1 100 29' 20" 555.06 m
4 1 2 63 20' 00" 785.85m
A) S 14 26' 50" W B) S 14 29' 50" E 14 29' 50" W D)N 14 39' 50" E
30-The bearing from a backsight to an instrument station is S 55 E. An angle of 75 is turned to

theight. What is the bearing from the station to the foresight?
A) S 20 W B)N 55E C) S 40 E N 20 E
3(12A plotted subdivision consists of a series of 100-ft by 100-ft square lots except for the corner
ots, which differ only in that one corner of the lots is a curve with a 30-ft radius and a central se
angle of 90. What is the area of the corner lot in square feet?
30 I
A) 9,100 ft 2 B) 9,147 ft2 ,807 ft2 D) 10,000 ft2
A re. e_dri14 ( t. zupoji--143,iti
32-Based on the diagram below, find the angle at point C?
tZSouth Azimuth of CB = 98 and Bearing of CD = N 54 E 2 qgot,g4 te..,
z-rg_ FL
a/Al C
gc) Z +- 5 4 -2 136 0 L2 3. i, c
LG 2
Cj e 2
41.
Pt-2 3.130)_ se uar4
A) 224 B) 152 136 D) 98
z 1.613.14
33-A horizontal angle was measured with a repeating instrument 6 times (3 direct and 3 reverse).
0
The final reading was 123 04' 30". What is the average reading, if the initial measurement was
80 30' 15"?
0
A) 80 30' 20" B) 80 30' 25" 30' 45" D) 80 30' 55"
24

(,1 51e
\ C 740
3o i 29 50)
3I azimuth from south corresponding to N 67 30' W is
1230' B) 112 40' C) 122 50' D) 292 30'
35-How much precision would an angular error of l' (minute) produce?

I
/3400 B) 1/3600 C) 1/3300 D) 1/3800
3 6-Based on the radial traversing shown below,

0
Bearing of OA = N 40 E
v<AOB= 60, <BOC= 140, <COA=160
LoA=100'
Los=1101 kJ& ---, ' 2 --14,a S',' f)/4,..-,
Loc= 120' 1 1
41
166 SA -1 44, 66
o
r--- 1-16 il co 7.;
C
15, 7I
1-1 1/
lbo ; 026
2_ Li v1/2'5 N 2.4112(5,
vWhat is the length of the course AB?
/
A) 100' B) 115' 0105' D) 125'
37-What is the bearing of the course BA of problem 36?
24 43' W B) S 24 47' E C)N 25 10' E D) S 24 07' E
30ased on the following notes, how far is point 3 from point 6?

(.7The instrument is setup on point 2, (Y =0.00, X=0.00), and BS is point 1 (Due north).
FS Azimuth Distance (ft)

3 225 11' 01" 85.00
5 188 19' 14" 14244
6 228 40' 16" 153.08
B) 65 ft C) 70 ft D) 72 ft
1
/
9-What is the azimuth of line 3 to 6 of the last problem?
A) 245 B) 115 C) 320 330
25
4 fty ordinances require a 20' setback from "A" street, 10' k from "B" street, and 15' set
back from "C" street. Find the allowable buildable area in squar
55
-t132
A Street, N 65 E
z
)1, 1 132
A) 99,501 ft ()199,600 ft C) 98,600 ft D) 99,805 ft2 '
2 2 2
, 6s7. 4
("2- 157,3
6 6 z3s- qq; t(a 2, !is I
7)< 41-Which of the statements listed below are correct? ,_- /
I The total station/theodolite is housed on a tribrack. tz, 6 0

II Optical plummet built into the tribrack permits centering with great accuracy 3-17
DI The instrument on tribrack can be replaced with an EDM prism
111- The bubble moves in the direction of the left thumb. 3,,,----
A) I, II, IV B) II, IV ' Iv , II, DI, IV
42-As part of a large subdivision development, you are asked to determine the maximum
diameter of the water tank (in feet) that can be placed inside the lot shown below. The water
department requires a 15 feet setback from the boundary lines.
A) 135 03 175 C) 150 D) 161
I( 43-. The act of prolonging a tangent line with a theodolite in the field is called:
A) foresighting B) interlining iouble centering D) none
26
Z132
3C20
- 6,
2-
Based on the diagram below, answer the next 4 problems
3 Li ,Lt 0
Elev. = 626.45' Elev. 788.15'
120+40 OrangeSt. 120+40 Pear St.
270+30 Apple St. 410+10 Apple St.
Apple St.
'
Elev. 444.30' 1 5 7 Llev. 631.75'
90+60 Orange St. 86+00 Pear St.
270+30 Melon St. 427+30 Melon St.
Not to Scale
-A water pipe is to be placed from Station 392+90 on Melon Street along N 42 E. Find the
, station at which the water pipe will intersect the Pear Street?
20+40 B) 109+00 C) 115+80 D) 110+40
45-If 2,5% of the area is reserved for future development, what area (in acreage) can be developed
now?
A) 760.5 acres 761.5 acres C) 763.5 acres D) 759.1 acres
*44 -A new road will be constructed with a uniform grade of 1.25% parallel to Apple Street. The
new road begins at Orange Street at 100+20, with an elevation of 502.98', and ends at Pear Street
at 97+07.50. What grading instruction do you give at Pear Street?
A) C 10.3' B) F 9.3' C) C 9.3' /D 10.3'
5 acres right-triangular lot that is bounded by Melon and Pear Streets, is the future site of
the Home Depot. What is the lot dimension along the Melon Street?
00' B) 480' C) 520' D) 870'
27
48-Which way should the tangent screws be turned to bring the bubble into level position?
Turn knob A clockwise, and knob B counterclockwise V\

Turn knob A counterclockwise, and knob B clockwise L----
Turn knob -C clockwise, and knob A counterclockwise D'\
Turn all knobs clockwise
hich way should the tangent screws be turned to bring the bubble into level position?
tt) Turn knob A clockwise, and knob B counterclockwise

Turn knob A - counterclockwise, and knob B clockwise 4
Turn knob C clockwise, and knob A counterclockwise V
Turn all knobs clockwise 74--
Which way should the tangent screws be turned to bring the bubble into level position?
A Turn knob A clockwise, and knob B counterclockwiseY\

Turn knob A counterclockwise, and knob B clockwise p<
Turn knob C clockwise, and knob A counterclockwise
Turn knob C clockwise
28
Chapter 3- Angular Measurements and Traversing
51-Which way should the tangent screws be turned to bring the bubble into level position?
A Turn knob A clockwise, and knob B counterclockwise V

B Turn knob A counterclockwise, and knob B clockwise I/
Turn knob C clockwise, and knob A counterclockwise D1/4
Turn knob C counterclockwise
52-For the polygon shown below, where is the most likely location of angular blunder?
-,---
A) F B) B D) D
537For the polygon shown below, which course most likely contain the blunder in distance
measurement?
A) AB B) BC D) DE
29
t -- 5 43\
11-11
.11
1.
13 7-C
ClePte-Cr 0
6 -t- .2" 36 0
E gG. 301
2 g6 3 L
54-Four deflection angles of a closed five-sided polygon, none of whose lines crisscrosses, were
measured as A = 135 43' R, B = 92 14' R, C = 86 7' R, and D = 132 26' R. The angle of E
was not measured. If all measured angles are assumed to be correct, what is the value of
deflection angle at E?
6 30' L B) 85 30' W C) 86 30' E D) 86 30' R
55-Two buildings' sites of square shapes are being considered for a future development. Which
proposal would result in preservation of more trees?
Proposal "A" Proposal "B"

NE Corner =N 330, E 380 NW Corner = N 655, E 325
SW Corner = N 125, E175 SE Comer = N 450, E 530
800 : . '
bt Sit rd ''
700
...
600 . II. ,. .
-,--J- -.- 1 -
500
0 ,
a)
1 wpm. ...
I
. . .. II _ ..,
1
400
e
0 '' : :
Z300 s
'
a. . ... .1 ,-: - ....
200
a

a
. , a
a ...
100
11 , 1 B
a 1
a *
- -
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Easting
A) Proposal "A" roposal "B" C) The same D) Not clear
30
56- The chord distance AB of the two concentric circles as shown below is 20 feet. What is the
shaded area in square foot? -.N.
20' 7 7R-r)1
)
rr(R 2 _ Rti.toz)
Tr g r(loo).-
t
314
rr e_41101)) rz g10
rzzu2t
Cr # 2o IR
A) 250 f B) 180 fl2 C) 420 ft2 20 ft2
rr
57 - For the situation shown below, the best nie d to prolong the straight line beyond a
non-removable obstacle is:
A
A extension of line AB
A) Off-set method uilateral triangle

C) Random Line Measure over the obstacle
58-For the situation shown below, the best method to measure distance between the
markers "A" and "B" is:
0 Oak Tree
Off set method B) Equilateral triangle

dom Line D) Remove the obstacle
31
59-Determine the area bounded by arcs AB, BC, and CD and the cut-off line DA.
A) 8,450 ft 2 B) 8,000 ft2 ,375 ft2 D) 8,300 ft2
32
Chapter 4- Error Analysis
I Random errors are caused by factors beyond the surveyor's control.

II Random errors remain after all mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated.
IR Random errors are present in all surveying measurements. c----
IV Random errors will either be positive or negatives in their values
A) I, II B) I, IV C) O)
T , III, IV
I Systematic errors are caused by the "measuring system."("C

II Systematic errors will cancel themselves in long surveys!\
ifi Systematic errors do not change when the measuring system changes./
PI Systematic errors are also called cumulative errors./
A) I, 11 C) II, DI D) IV
-Determine the standard error for the following group of 3 measurements: a) 249.71 ft,
b) 250.06 ft, and c) 249.86 ft.
0.18ft B) 0.14ft C) 0.10ft D) 0.09ft
L A=Deterrnine the standard error of the mean for the measurements set in problem number 3.
0212_
A) 0.15ft B) 0.18ft EJ 0.10ft D) 0.06ft
is The probable error of problem 3?
0.12ft B)0.18ft C) 0.20ft D) none
6-If distance A were found to be 101.380 0.010 m and distance B were found to be
1
7.200 0.008 m, what is the sum of these distances?
A) 188.518 0.013m B 186.58 0.013m

C) 189.518 0.014m 88.580 0.013m
7-A,distance of 700.00 ft is laid using a 100.00 ft steel tape that has standard errors of 0.02 ft.
at is the total expected error? 700 -7
A) 0.24 ft B) 0.01 ft 0.05 ft D) 0.07 ft Fn7-Err;
Ii 7 .dr- C) ,r-, Z FT ta + j ,.....
ja
8- e length of a rectangular polygon is measured to be 250.00 0.04ft and its width is measured
o be 100.00 0.02ft. What is the area of this polygon?
v?A) 25,000 8.80ft2 5,000 6.40ft2
33
or Chapter 8 Photogrammetry
1-In planning a photogranunetry project, which is the most common sequence:
set control, fly the route, set target B set target, set control, fly the route
set target, fly the route, set control set control, set target, fly the route c.---""
2-The distance on a vertical aerial photograph between two east-west hedge lines is measured and
found to be 7.96 inches. The hedge lines are approximately the north and south section lines of
Section 10, which is regular. The terrain is approximately level. What is the approximate photo
scale in the area between two hedges?
A) 1:663 B) 1:24,000 51" = 663' D) 1" = 7960'
3-When taking aerial photos, how much forward overlap is recommended in a flight line?
060% B) 50% C) 40% D) 30%
4-When taking aerial photos, how much side overlap is recommended in two adjacent flight
es?
0% B) 50% D) 20% D) 25%
5-Determine the flying height above the ground for a photo scale of 1:20,000 and focal length of 306d
NA, 2 a .1 53 1 1
. 00
153 mm. The elevation of the mean datum is 180 meters. Al... C2 0.\S34
A) 3065 m C)3060 m C) 4060m D) 4065 m s
S
6-On a vertical photograph, the length of an airport runway measures 4.25 in. On a map plotted
2a/ 0'
to a scale of 1:9600 it extends 7.93 in. What is the photo scale at the runway elevation?
:18,000 B) 1:10,00 C) 1:12,000 D) 1 in=500 ft

I No more than 10% of elevations tested shall be in error by more than 1/2 Contour
Interval.
If Maps to scales larger than 1:20,000 can have no more than 10% of points
1
measured with an error of more that in
30
ifi Maps smaller than 1:20,000, can have no more than 10% of points measured with
1
an error of more than in
50
IV Not more than 20% of elevations tested shall be in error by more than 1/2
Contour Interval.
A) I, II B) II, III, IV Lll,llI D) I, III, IV
64
Chapter 8- Photogrammetry
8-A distance between two points on a photograph is 4 inches, and the same distance on the
ground is 810 feet. Determine the approximate scale of the photograph.
A) 1" = 100' = 200' C) 1' = 300' D) 1" = 400'
9-The length of a football field from goalpost to goalpost measures 50.12 mm on a vertical
photograph. Determine the approximate dimension of a frontage road that measures 5.5 inches.
A) 1,015' B) 1,100' C) 1,200' D) 2,000'
10-Flying height above the mean datum is 1 500 meters. The focal length of the camera is 150
mm. Determine the scale ratio of the aerial photograph. F_-
A) 1: 5,000 B) 1: 2,000 C) 1: 8,000 :10,000
11-Aerial photography was taken at a height of 6,750 ft above average terrain. If the camera
focal plane dimensions are 9 x 9 in, the focal length is 4-1/2in and the spacing adjacent flight
lines is 10,500 ft, what is the percent sidelap?
A) 20% B) 22% C) 25% D) 30%
12-The vertical photograph shown was taken with a 6-in focal length camera at a flying height of
6,000 ft above NGVD '29.
NGVD '29
.5 "
I) Determine the photo scale?
A) 1" = 500' B) 1" = 600' =875' D) 1" = 1000'
II) Points D and E are 2.5 inches apart on the photograph. Estimate the ground distance between
them?
000' B) 2200' C) 2300' D) 2400'
Sz "
0 -
65
Chapter 7 Construction Staking
1-Slope stakes are set:
outside the limits of cut/fill B) using a level

for trial and error D) by a measure tape
y, 2-Based on the information shown below, what is the centerline elevation at station 25+00 on a
uniform grade of 2.5%.
33 0 ; , 6-0 -7-t .0
RPSS
IL ( IS, - / 2, 2Ez5) 10
3 330,2 7 -0.8
C7.0
@2:1
TO TOE
51-ake.
F0.6
@12.0
TO CL
A) 3298.4' 330.3' C) 3345.2' D) 3322.2'
3-Based on the construction stake below, what is the elevation at the toe
_ of the slope?
A) 86.5' B) 83.4' C) 82.5' 1( 85.5'
5,4 e
3S,s I-2,1_5,4: 55
r!"
HI V; TZ'fiu
do>
60

Chapter 7 - Construction Staking
4-Grade rod is a term used in slope staking which means:
elevation of ground minus elevation of grade B) HI ground elevation

grade elevation D) HI rod reading
5-White and orange colors at the top of a lath is used to indicate which condition:
A)water ertical control C)grade D)toe of slope
6-You have staked the corners of a rectangular concrete pad at 4-foot offset. To check your
work, you would:
A) turn the angles at each corner easure the diagonals

C) subtract the offset from each side none of the above
7-Which statement below is correct?
Single-beam laser instrument create visible reference lines which are used in linear and
vertical alignment applications.
II Rotating beam laser instrument create planes of reference, which may be used in
placement of grade stakes over large areas.
Single-beam laser instrument may be used in sewer pipe placement and parking lot lay-
out
Rotating beam laser instrument may be used in construction of airports.
A) I, II B)H,ffl C) I, II, IV D) III, IV
61
8-Based on the construction staking below, what feature is being staked out? (moving control
point)
)slope B) roadbed C) traveled way D) none
What is the centerline elevation?
A) 119.4' B) 109.6' (C) 19.6' D) 120.0'
How far is the toe of slope from the centerline?
A) 62' B) 60' I 2: 4 C) 65' D) 72'

,2-
R.P.S.S.
in 1C0
F102
02:1
to Bench
- C-CR
1CP
I oc> 0,6 1- to F.L.
71( F a2:1
(6. to H.P.
FO
to
12
Centerlin
9- Based on the stake below, how far is hinge point located from the center line? (Stationary
control point)
1
TOE
F52@3:1
TO H.P.
F5 4- @359:
TO
A) 15' B)35' C) 20' D) 10.4'
10- Based on the stake below, how far is the toe from the centerline? (moving control point)
IS 2
A) 15' B) 35' C) 20' D) 10.4'

11-What is the cross slope from the centerline to the HP? (Stationary control point)
_
Top
C-100 112:1
To Bench
C- 11:11@ 251
c162 @ 349
to HP
C-151,@ 411
to
3 4..
A) -10% B) 3% (/ 93% D) 2%
12-Dtermine the HP Elevation, if the top of slope has elevation of 100.50'? (moving control
point)
A) 88.6' B) 100.5' C) 90.5' D) 84.5'
How far is top of slope from the centerline?
A) 44' B) 34' D) 25'

Top
C-1041 1/2:1
To Bench
Level 101
C-6@1 112:1
to HP
63
Chapter 1 California Law
1-You have opened up a Civil Engineering consulting firm by yourself. A client asks you to
perform the following surveys:
1. Cadastral (property/boundary) survey
2. Topographic survey L,_-
Design grading plan with no boundary is shown
4. Provide construction staking for grading L--
5. Stake for building construction-providing control is established by a person authorizedyio
perform land surveying.
6. American Land Title Association (ALTA) survey on completed project
Which of the above tasks can you legally perform under your P.E. license?
A) 3,4,5,6 , 3, 4, 5 C) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 4
2-A property owner would like to have a topographic survey performed for his lot. The corners
are not set. What options does he have?
Hire a pre 1982 Civil Engineer.
II Hire a post 1982 Civil Engineer.
DI Hire a Land Surveyor.
IV Hire a post 1982 Civil Engineer and a Land Surveyor.
A) I B) I, II C) I, II, DI All
3-Plane Surveying is defined as:
A) when curvature of earth is considered hen curvature of earth is neglected

C) when less accurate surveying equipment is used ) when refraction is only considered
4-Your client has asked you to prepare a hydrology map of an area of about 5 acres. Which map
would you use to examine the shape of the terrain?
USGS Topographic Map B) Parcel Map

C Tentative Parcel Map D) Roadway Map
5-Which survey type is needed to ensure that fixed engineering work is appropriately done with
respect to the project plans?
mal Survey B) As-Built Survey

Control Survey D) Photogrammetric Survey
- 6-Which type of survey can be used to establish parallel and perpendicular measurements?
A Boundary Survey B) Control Survey

oute Survey D) Cartographic Survey
7-In Plane Surveying, the distance between two points is

Course
Part I Problems
A) Slope distance orizontal distance

C) Vertical distance eander distance
8-While staking the construction of a bridge, you noticed the roadway monument got destroyed
by the bulldozer. As a Resident Engineer, you would
A) Replace the monument File a corner record

C) Both "A" and "B" one of the above
9-The best methods to locate underground high-risk utilities are:
A) check the As-Built Plans

B) check the utility plans
check the roadway plans
erform pot-hole survey

I Field notes must be handwritten with a pencil.
II A mistaken data on the field book should be erasedx
III Combinations of sketches, tabulations, and descripikins should be included in the field book. L--
IV Climatic conditions and instrument types must be noted in the field book.
A) 1,11, IV B) I, II, BI C) II, III, IV , BI, IV
11-An environmental sensitive area is to be determined within the highway right of way. Who is
most qualified to delineate the area?
e environmental Engineer B) The Civil Engineer

Land Surveyor D) The Project Engineer
A A post 1982 Civil Engineer can legally establish an easement.

A pre 1982 Civil Engineer may legally relocate a monument.
A post 1982 Civil Engineer can not legally re-establish the elevation of a bench mark.
D) All Civil Engineers may replace lost corners.
13- What type of map do you need for dividing parcels?
Topo Map B) Lay-out Map

Parcel Map D) Any Official Map
14-What types of measurements are typically made by pre 1982 Civil Engineer/Land Surveyor in
performing work for condominium developments?
As-Built B) Horizontal distance

Utility measurements D) Pot-holing
2
4. 15-The city is planning to improve the intersection of "A" and "B" Streets during next
construction season. Which type of survey is needed?
q) Engineering survey
Topographic survey
B) Route survey
D) Aerial survey
3
410 Chapter 1 Solutions to California Law and Surveying
1-Answer is B.
Per Professional Engineers Act (B&P.0 Sections 6700 6799) a registered Civil Engineer may
legally perform the following tasks: Topographic survey with the intent of not determining the
boundary, grading plan with no boundary and stake for grading, provide construction staking for
a fixed engineering work assuming control is established by a person authorized to perform land
surveying.
2-Answer is D
All options are available since the intent of this survey is to do a Topographic Survey.
3- Answer is B
In plane surveying, the curvature of earth is neglected and computations are based on plane
trigonometry and plane geometry.
4- Answer is A
The best map to examine is the USGS topographic map. It shows all the man-made and natural
features as well as elevations.
5-Answer is A
The key phrase in this question is "which survey type is needed ...". To ensure work is being
done in accordance with the plans and specifications, a final survey is warranted.
6- Answer is C
In route surveying distances are measured parallel and perpendicular to the centerline.
7- Answer is B
In plane surveying, all distances are assumed to be horizontal distances, unless otherwise noted.
8- Answer is D
A Resident Engineer (i.e. post 1982 Registered Civil Engineer), cannot replace the monument,
nor file a corner record. The only option is to do nothing!
9- Answer is D
The key phrase is the best method; and the best method is to do pothole survey.
10- Answer is D
If not using electronic data collector, all filed notes must be handwritten with a pencil indicating
the climatic conditions and instrument type. The mistaken data should be crossed-out and the
corrected information should be written above it. The field book should also include sketches and
tabulations.
11- Answer is A
An Environmental Engineer is the most qualified individual to delineate the area.
12- Answer is B
The only statement true is "a pre 1982 Civil Engineer who may legally relocated a monument.
The other choices are not true.
13- Answer is C
Chapter 1 Solutions to California Law and Surveying
A parcel map is needed to the further subdivision of land.
14- Answer is A
Typically an As-Built survey is done for the development of the condominium. Horizontal
distance, utility measurements and pot holing have no application in this case.
15- Answer is A
The first order of work before any design is to perform a pre-engineering survey to see what types
of survey are needed to complete the project.
75
Chapter 4 -Error Analysis
C) 25, 000 5.40 ft 2 D) 25,000 8.00ft2
x 9-Which of the following statements are true?
I-The term precision and accuracy means the same thing. A

1I-The compass (Bowditch) adjustment method presumes that angles in traverse are more
accurate than distance.
III-The sum of the external angles for a 7-sided polygon is 1620. r-----
/-
A) I B) II, ( C)E11 D) All
C,(6.LCSA;
10-To meet C,Jafrll, Second Order accuracy's; what would be the maximum misclosure of a level
run of 3 kilometeit7 -
13.86 trun B) 13.86 cm C) 15.95 nun D) 2 inch

9
g< 11-What is the relative accuracy required between two r d Order, Class I horizontal control
X points? , --
A) 1:10,000 1
01:50,000 C) 1:20,000 D) 1:100,000
12-You are determining the most probable value as based upon the theory of probability. Which
statement is not true?
A) small errors are more frequent than large ones

B 3,_errors are likely to be positive as negative
C systematic errors are included in the error analysis
) very large errors do not occur
13-What is the relative accuracy required between two First Order horizontal control points?
A) 1:60,000 '13) :100,000 C) 1:40,000 D) 1:300,000
14-Two ()rder horizontal control points are 50 km apart. How accurate should they be located
17 X
''' with respect to each other?
B) 100 cm C) 20 cm D) 150cm
15- The error that would be identified when a 100' steel tape was found to be longer than the
standard would be
A) random B) accidental C) variable onstant E) natural
v 16-A distance in the field was very carefully measured twice and two distinctly separate readings
were recorded in the field book. Later in the office the two readings were shown to be slightly
different. This difference is called a
A) discrepancy ccidental error C) systematic error D) resultant error
34
N
Chapter 5 Topographic Survey and Mapping

--;?} 1.5
1-A topographic map is drawn to a scale of 1" = 200'. The contour interval is 10 feet. If the
contour lines are 3/8 "apart at certain locations on the map, what is the ground slope in a
percentage? r;_5 (=
A) 13.00% B) 10.00% C) 0.38% 3.33% u
r /1
2-What federal agency coordinates all mapping activities? 0 ) 3.33
.4 S
A) NGS B) USDOT D) FBI
04 Di'
3-What is the most common topographic map scale used by the United States Geological Survey?
CA))1:24,000 B) 1:30,000 C) 1:250,000 D) none
4-How much area will a USGS topographic map with the scale of 1" = 2000' cover?
C) 7 Y2' in both latitude and longitude B) 8 Y2' in both latitude and longitude
7' in both latitude and longitude D) 8' in both latitude and longitude
5-Which one of the following scales is considered to be a large scale?
01" = 100' B) 1" = 200' C) 1:2400 D) 1" = 500'
17..6-What scale must be selected to draw the closed traverse with the following coordinates. The
paper size is 18-in. by
Point X Y
A 0 0
B 270.45 225.60
C 774.25 78.76
D 564.58 -67.34
E 440.02 -605.57
A) 1" = 34.5" C) 1"=40' D) 1:400
7-Repeat problem 6 for a paper size of 9-in. by 12-in. The borders remain the same.
A) 1" = 73.7' B) 1"= 80' D) 1"=100'
8-On a topographic map, which of the following is correct?
Contour lines crossing streams forms V's that point upstream

Contour lines crossing streams forms V's that point downstream
C) Contour lines crossing ridges form U's that point up the ridge
D) Both (A) and (C) are true
The area of a lake is obtained by planimeter as 10 square inches on a map with a scale of
1:50,000. What is the area covered by the lake in square miles?
'
.23 mile2 B) 7.89 mile 2 C) 9.47 mile2 D) 10.00 mile2
35
Chapter 5- Topographic Survey and Mapping
10-There is a construction project in a forest area. The client requests an 11-mile long route
survey. Which map will you request before this survey?
A) Aerial photograph '13-1opographic map

-
C) Parcel map D) NGS map
-On a map whose scale is 1" = 500', how far apart would 10 ft contours be on a uniform slope
of 5%?
B) 1.5" 61.4" D) 0.6" 211 3q It

A) 2"
-Using a 24-inch by 36-inch sheet with a 1-inch margin, what is the best scale to depict a 36
square of land with an area of 1.25 acres?
A) 1:120 1:200 C) 1:240 D) 1:360 5"/ 43.566

0
Lz/3-On the topographic map illustrated below, what is the highest elevation?
22-
A) 148; B))150' C) 152' D) 161'
contour interval =10 ft
14-On the topographic map of problem 13, what is the lowest elevation?
A) 43' B) C) 54' D) 61'
36
Chapter 5- Topographic Survey and Mapping
15-From the sketches below, which figure has the longest level pad?
15
50
14
40
13
30
12
20
11
10
10
Scale 1" = 80'

"A"
//,
Scale 1" = 50'
Cross Section
Not to Scale
A) A B) B
C) not enough data D) A and B are equal
16-How many sheets are required to plot a 5-mile long freeway project on a 24" x 18" sheet with
an all around 1/2" border using a scale of 1" = 50'?
A) 21 sheets B) 22 sheets C)23 sheets D) 24 sheets
5./11 ft{
37
x17-The topographic map below has a contour interval of 10 feet. The elevation at point E = D+3.
I-If a slope of 5:1 (H:V) is cut from contour "A" toward the spot elevation, what would
be the nearest elevation at point E?
A) A B) B D) D
1I- What is the volume of cut in cubic yard, if a level pad is constructed at contour C?
A) 750 cy B) 910 cy C) 810 cy D 1,000 cy
11 32
Scale: 1" = 40'
38
'.,1 18-The contour interval of the topographic map below is 5 feet. The elevation at point E = D+5
What is the volume of cut in cubic yards, if a level pad is constructed at contour C?
Scale: 1" = 20'
-A distance of 5 inches on a map with a scale of 1:480_will be nt to what distance on

another map with a scale of 1:100?
A) 22 in B) 21 in C) 18 in (924 in
20-The horizontal distance between two points on a map with a scale of 1:2400 is 6". If the scale
is enlarged 5 times, what will be the distance?
A) 10" B) 20" 0" D) 40"
21-In developing a topographic map on a rolling terrain, vertical control may be best performed
by:
A) triangulation differential leveling

C) trilateration trigonometric leveling
A
'
39
22-The parcel below measures 100' by 100', and is within a flood zone. During a 500-year storm,
the water raises to an elevation of 90 feet. Determine the flooded area in acre. (The elevations of
the contours are shown.)
A) .20 acre B) 0.27 acre B) 0.03 acre D) 0.45 acre
65'
II 75'
70'
80' (1/
X( 10 85'
90'
95'
of-7 -10
100'
0115
r
0 IS (MoxIo o_ 117x11_
2
23-If you are locating contours in a relatively small area with a fairly uniform slope, the best I
method is
A) cross section 'd method C) photogrammetry D) traverse
24-For an engineering project, which is the correct sequence used in developing a project?
c3 topography, control, as-built, construction staking

A
B control, topography, construction staking, as-built
) construction staking, topography, control, as-built
D) as-built, construction staking, control, topography
25-The scale of an engineering project is 1" = 100'. The scale of a proposed subdivision has a
scale of 1:24,000. Which of the following statements are most accurate?
A) the engineering map has the smaller scale of the two 1660 / tic)
the engineering map has the larger scale of the two
T) both maps have a small scale
D) both maps have a large scale
26-In order to built your computer database, which type of map will provide you with the most
information?
A) As-Built Map game] Map

C) Thomas Brothers Map ) SGS Topographic Map
40
v... )(, 27-You have a USGS 7.5 minutes quad map. As an engineer for a 100-acre development project,
the best method to prepare a tentative map is
A
0
A) map enlargement B) total station
28-What does the symbol below represent?

C) GPS D) Photogranundry
Draw bridge ()Tunnel: road C) Tunnel: railroad D) Unfinished Road

6?
k 4 Nicg
t
0 7 0) i 29-Contours which are closely spaced on a contour map will indicate
)(7a steep slope B) a flat slope C) a uniform slope D) a change in slope
30-The horizontal distance between two adjacent contours
A) is usually shown by hachure lines

equal to the slope of the ground
is inversely proportioned to the slope of the ground
(4n5lis
) is directly proportioned to the slope of the ground /4-
31-The scale of a map was shown in the legend to be 1:25,000. This means that
one inch on the map equals 25,000 inches on the ground

C7 one inch on the map equals 25,000 feet on the ground
C) one inch on the map equals 25,000 meters on the ground
D) the plotting fraction is known
32-The contour interval on a topographic map may be computed by dividing two adjoining
contour index by
A) two ive C) six D) ten
33-A point on a USGS map can be located by:

Latitude and longitude
-
1,211 By its Universal Transvers Mercator (UTM) system
US Public Land Survey System
IV. Differential leveling
A) All
34-Based on the picture below, what is elevation of point B?
"A" Sta 25+00

FG Elev. 101.2'
A) 105' B) 108.5' C) 105.5' D) 107'
35-The center line of problem no. 34 contains a grade of 1.5%, What is the amount of fill/cut at
point B?
OA) Day light B) C2' C) F2' D) F2.5'
2ciodNit b
ice) -
I Ss
P--151/-se-d Gra_ej 2,
cik
G
trg- _ gss. 6
-z_ 105,
42
Chapter 6 Highway Curves and Volume
1-During a design review, it was discovered that the minimum clearance to the town's historic
tower located on the left side of the centerline (in front of the point of intersection of the two
tangent lines), was not met. What method would you recommend to meet the minimum
clearance, if the tangents are held fixed? Assume the radius point is to the right.
A) increase the central angle B) increase the tangent distance

C) decrease the tangent distance D) decrease the radius
2-The BC station of a 300-ft radius horizontal curve is 28+29.31. The station of point of
tangency is 29+25.00. Determine the deflection angle at the last full station for locating "staking
out".
A) 13 30' B) 13 35' C) 6 47' D) 6 45'
3-When set up at the BC of a simple curve, the angles to turn off the point of intersection to hit
the radius point is
A) one half the central angle

B) central angle
C) one radian
D) 90
4-The theodolite is set up at mid point on a horizontal curve to the right. A reference line is
created by back sighting to BC. What is the clockwise angle to turn off to hit the radius point?
A) 2 times the central angle

B) 1 1/2 radian
C) deflection angle measured from BC to mid point plus 90
D) deflection angle measured from BC to mid point minus 90
5-A perpendicular bisector of the long chord passes through the following points of a circular
curve.
A) radius point B) PI
C) both "A" and "B" D) none of the above
6-After a back sight on the PC with 0 00' 00" set on the total station, what is the deflection angle
to the following points on curve?
I-Instrument at curve midpoint, deflection to the PT?

A A
A) A -4
B)- C) D)
4 2 8
II-Instrument at curve midpoint, deflection to the % curve length?
43
Chapter 6- Highway Curves and Volumes
0 3A 4A
A) A D) 2A
8 5
v
III-Instrument at 1/8 length of curve, deflectiori 3/4 length?
'
3A
A) 2A D) A
8
IV-Instrument at 1/2 length of curve, back sight at 1/8 length of curve, deflection to 3/4 length?
p-4"-
A) 2A D) A
16
V-How much did the instrument turn to stake-out the 3/4 length in situation IV above?
3A 5'
A) 2A B) 8 D) A
4.14 A
7-During a design review, it was discovered that the minimum clearance to the town's historic
tower located on the right side of the centerline (in front of the point of intersection of the two
tangent lines), was not met. What method would you recommend to meet the minimum
clearance, if the tangents are held fixed? Assume the radius point is to the right.
A) increase the central angle B) increase the tangent distance

C) decrease the deflection angle ecrease the radius
8-The station of a 300-ft radius horizontal curve is 28+29.31. The station of the end of curve is
29+25.00. Determine the deflection angle to the mid-point of the curve for locating "staking
out".
034 B) 13 35' C) 9 8' D) 6 45'
highway horizontal curve has a design maximum degree of curvature (Arc Defmition) of 3
and central angle of 24 30' 45", determine the length of the curve.
A) 825' ( 1 817' C) 810' D) 805'
10-The long chord of a horizontal circular curve to the right is 600-feet, the central angle is 110.
If the forward tangent (i.e. exit tangent) of this curve is moved in 5-feet, what radius curve would
you use to hold the BC at the same location as the first curve? '
0k2 362.50' B) 355.00' C) 370.50' D) 342.50'
44
Chapter 6 Highway Curves and Volumes
11-In order to avoid the existing railroad, the centerline of proposed highway (5 curve) with a
central angle of 65, was adjusted by moving the tangent forward 120 feet outward and parallel to
itself. Determine the radius of the new curve if it begins at the same BC as the initial curve.
A) 1200' B) 1380' (1354'

:61) D) 1266'
12-A compound highway curve to the right, with both curves having interior angles of 45, has an
approach tangent of N 45 E. What is the bearing of the tangent leaving the curves?
A)N 45 E (,S
1 45 E C) Due North D) Due South
13-How much right a way (in square feet) is needed, if the radius of an existing curve with a
central angle of 60 degrees is increased from 600 feet to 620 feet.
OA 12,776 ft2 B) 13,493 ft 2 C) 15,000 ft 2 D) 60,000 ft2
14-Calculate the chord between stations 75+00 and 75+75on a circular curve with D. = 5 30'
(arc defmition).
A) 74.65 ft B) 75.00 ft ()74.98 ft D) 75.25ft
15-What is the area (in square feet) bounded by the tangent lines and the arc of a horizontal curve
with a central angle of 8 degrees and a radius of 2500 feet?
e711 ft2 B) 611 ft2 C) 750 fe D) 650 fe
16-Using the data below, determine the centerline radius that will allow the outside edge of a 50-
foot roadway (overall width) to clear the'jaitr of tharee by 8 feet.
A) 3166' 0)1 162' C) 5180' D) 5183'
17-Determine the deflection angle from BC to station 30+75.00.

R= 1500.00 ft
.
A) 3 38' 34" 32' 34" C) 7 05' 08" D) 7 15' 08"
9
45
18-In the accompanying illustration, what is the stationing, in feet, of Point A?
40
40'
Sta 12+65
A) 14+58 14+04 C) 14+87 D) 14+15
19-What is the area (square feet) of the sector of a circle with a radius of 60 ft and a central angle
of 60?
A) 678 01885 C) 5625 D) 950
20-Given: Highway horizontal reverse curve
T1=1296' I= 60 25'
PI=102+00
1=42
2150'
Radius of the second curve
225 B) 2229 C) 2235 D) 2278
Station at PRC
( 112+51 B) 114+51 C) 110+00 D) 102+61
Deflection angle to midpoint of curve 1
5 06'15" B) 30 10' 30" C) 30 12'35" D) 15 12' 35"
46
21-In the diagram below, if the curve BD of radius 700 feet is tangent to B, (i.e. PC), the distance
CD from tangent to curve is most nearly (in feet)
400'
C
A) 100' ( 125' C) 140' D) 165'
What is the area in square foot bounded by the arc, BC and CD?
1/9 "
2
A) 15,800 112 B) 15,700 ft 6,100 ft2 D) 16,500 ft2
22-From the data below, and L=800'
g2=-3.20%
gi=2.4%
\ 38+00 56+00
Elev. 662.30' Elev. 664.30'
Station at BVC
A) 44+51.00 B) 44+31.00 C) 44+25.00 4+64.00
Station at EVC
A) 53+61.00 B) 53+51.00 C) 52+51.00 2+64.00
Station and elevation of highpoint
A) 48+04.00, 680.58' (1044 8+05.00, 692.58'

C) 48+03.86, 672.58' D)) 8+07.00, 682.35'
23-Two grade lines intersect at station 110+50.00 at an elevation of 970.40-ft. The entering
grade is 4% and the exiting grade is 4.5%. A pipeline crosses the grade line at right angles at
station 108+90.00. Two sag vertical curves must be identified. One will pass 17.00-ft below the
bottom of the pipe and one will pass 6.00-ft over the top of the pipe. The outside diameter of the
pipe is 2.00-ft and the elevation measured at the top of the pipe is 1014.00-ft.
Determine the vertical curve tengh rounded to the nearest one station that will provide the
17.00ft clearance under the pipe.
A) 23.08 sta 23 sta C) 24 sta D) 24.05 sta
47
Determine the vertical curve length rounded to the nearest one station that will provide the 6.00ft
clearance over the pipe.
A) 49 sta 7 sta C) 46 sta D) 45 sta
24-A highway alignment contains 300-ft long vertical curve. The station and elevation of PVT are
30+30.00, and 465.92' respectively. The entering grade is -3.2%. Point "A" on the curve is
located at station 30+80.00 with an elevation of 467.66'. What is the grade at the right end of the
curve?
A) -1.80% C.)1.80% C) 2.56% D) -2.25%
25-From the data below, determine the station of BVC of curve designed to provide a minimum
of 3.0 feet clearance at the top of pipe located at station 6+75. Determine "L" to the nearest half
-1=BL
station. Top of the pipe elevation is 36.20 ft.
g1=-1.6%
g2=+4.2%
VPI @ 6+45, Elev. 34.23 ft
+20.00 B) 3+25.00 C) 3+05.00 D) 3+10.00

0
26-A parabolic vertical curve has an entering grade of 2.6% and a departing grade of +3.4%.
The PVI is located at 12+63.00 at an elevation 102.65 feet. The low point of the curve is to pass
through a point 300 feet from BVC. Determine the length of the curve in feet.
(
0 692 ' B) 792' C) 592' D) 500'
Determine the grade at station 12+00?
A) 2% B) -0.5% .15% D) +0.35%
27-A 600-feet long vertical crest curve has 4% grade meeting a -4% grade. How long must a new
vertical curve be in order to retain the same grade rates and to lower the elevation at the center of
the curve by 2.5 feet?
A) 800 ft B) 1,000 ft C) 10,000 ft 5850ft

28-An ascending grade of 3.00% intersects a descending grade of -2.40% at a vertex whose
station and elevation are 46+70 and 853.48 ft, respectively. An equal-tangent parabolic curve of
600 ft long has been selected to join the two grades. What are the minimum and maximum
stations along the curve that has an elevation of 849.00?
A) 46+70, 48+70 B) 43+70, 49+70 6+00, 48+07 D) 47+20, 44+20
29-A -1.00% grade intersect a +0.50% grade at station 63+00 and elevation 905.00 feet. The
0.50% grade then joins a 2.5% grade at station 66+00. Determine the station of the PVI of an
equal tangent vertical curve that passes through the mid point of the 0.5% grade.
A) 66+00 B) 63+00 C) 64+00 64+71
30-What is the elevation at the point located 32 feet right of station 13+50?

if Elev. at
PVI=100'
BVC 9+00
3% EVC 15+00
-4%
Profile along "A" Line
Top of curb
2
30' 2'
Typical Cross Section
10+00 v30'
Plan View
A) 92.6' B) 93.6' 3.1 D) 91.6'
31-What is the volume of cut in cubic yard between the stations shown below?
Station Area (ft2)

1+00 25
2+00 1500
A) 2,824 cy B) 1,850 cy C) 2,000 cy D) 1,500 cy
49
32-The elevations of BVC and EVC are 844.48' and 846.28', respectively. Determine the curve
elevation at the middle, if the elevation of the PVI is 853.48'.
A) 849.53' B) 859.53' 9.43 D) 848.43'
33-Determine the volume of roadway excavation for a roadway with side slopes of 4:1 and a base
of 40 feet.
48+00
C4.2 C2.0 C3.6
36.8 34.4
49+00
C2.4 C3.0 C0.0
29.6 0 20.0
58 cy B) 468 cy C) 548 cy D) 423 cy
34-Slope staking information for a 22 feet wide road reads
C7.2 C12.6 C13.1

18.2 0.0 24.1
c, The future side slopes will be
A) 3/4: 1 C) 1 V2: 1 D) 2: 1
A daylight section of a two lane level road is built along the side of a hill that slopes at 20%.
ane width is 12 feet in cut and 10 feet in fill. The side slopes are 1:1 in cut and
1 V2: 1 in fill
The distance from the centerline to the slope stake at the top of the cut is closest to;
A) 10 feet B) 12 feet 4 feet D) 17 feet
2_,The distance from the centerline to the slope stake at the toe of the fill is closest to
A) 10 feet B) 12 feet C) 13 feet (1))15 feet
3 _ The volume of cut between any two full stations in cubic yard is closest to:
A) 55 cy 65 cy C) 85 cy D) 105 cy
36-A lot is 200 ft wide and 400 ft deep, with a constant slope from back to front. The ground
elevation is 100 ft at the front of the lot and 104.5 ft at the back. If the entire lot is to be leveled
to an elevation of 100 ft for a building construction, approximately how many cubic yards of
material will be removed?
G6,670 cy B) 13,400 cy C) 150,000 cy D) 160,000 cy
37-A sewer inverts is to begin 2-feet away and 3-ft below the NW corner of a building. The line
will run south for 100 feet at 2%, and then east for 50 feet at the same grade. If the trench width
is 15 inches, determine the volume of cut in cubic yards?
A) 25 cy B)38 cy icy D) 45 cy
38-Based on the field note below, find the costs of excavation and fill. Excavation is
$15 per CY and fill is $20 per CY. Both cut and fill slopes are 1:1.
(Note: Elevation are all in feet and based on NAVD 1988)
Station Grade Elevation Finished Elevation

10+00 110 115
11+00 120 120
12+00 130 130
13+00 135 120
50'
Cut Fill
50'
Excavation:
A) $ 27,083 18,060 C) $ 37,083 D) $ 17,083
Fill:
A) $ 15,200 B) $ 10,200 $ 6,800 B) $ 7,200
51
39-Based on the cross-sections and profile views for a proposed roadway project as shown below
I-What is the volume of cut in cubic yards?
A) 980 cy B) 1,080 cy C) 540 cy D) 650 cy
II-What is the volume of fill in cubic yard from stations 1+00 to 2+00?
A) 200 cy B) 300 cy D) 420 cy E) 500 cy
Cut Fill
30' 30'
-77-1.1E40
i
OG
FG
5
0
2+00 - 4+00 6+00
0+00
Station
40-The cross-section below shows a side-hill view of a proposed roadway. What is the volume of
cut in cubic yards between two full stations, if the cross sections are the same?
(18, 13)
(-16, 7)
A) 100 cy B) 125 cy C) 140 cy D) 61 cy
52
41-Compute the volume (in cubic yards) of earth in a bridge approach having a width of 36 ft,
side slopes of 2 to 1 (H: V), and a profile grade of 4%. The height of bridge above the
surrounding level ground is 20 ft.
A) 14,080cy B) 10,000cy ,390cy D) 8,200cy
42-1n a mass diagram of earthwork, abscissas represent stations and ordinates represent
A Cut or fill at corresponding station.

-
B: ),Cumulative algebraic suin of volumes of earth in excavation and embankment.
C) Products of volumes of earth and distances moved.
D) Ascending grade.
erci 43-The mass diagram of a proposed project with a free haul distance of 500 is plotted below. It is
determined that 1.30 cy of excavation yields 1.00 cy of embankment.
Mass Diagram
w 3000
2000 1111111111M11111111111
o 1000 4/AMERGIIIIIIIIIiii1111
w 5: 0 611MMUNIMESIBM
2. -1000 . 5913ft Mt MANI
co 111111111111111111111111 111
-2000
E -3000 11111111111111111M1111 .
o -4000 111111111111111111111111=11 : :
0+00 5+00 10+00 21,50' 15+00
Which condition is indicated?
c , r, if
1,
(A)excess B) borrow C) neither D) can't say
lithe project contains excess material, how much embankment could be constructed?
_
A) 3,000 cy B) 3,500 cy ,000 cy D) 1,200 cy
\\V- What volume of excess excavation actually exists?

_
3 Cy e --=.)
I
c
. r r
53
1,300 cy B) 1,450 cy C) 1,000 cy D) 2,000 cy
With balance line placed at +1000 cy, where is the excess located? (station)
+00 to 1+00 B) 1+00 to 1+50 C) 5+00 to 5+75 D) 6+00 to 7+00
Compute average overhaul in "sta yd" with the balance line at 0 cy ordinate.
A) 1,723 sta-yd B) 1,620 sta-yd C) 1,420 sta-yd D) 1,520 sta-yd
44-You have been provided design criteria shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. Answer the following
questions using the information provided in the diagrams.
g
4-4- -fr Os
-
/7 El -z 1 9 , 2
Length of Vertical Curve = 5 stations t

e /
y -7_412 t 2 5 (
Figure 1 - Market Street Cie) et,(-- I 1 4 15

Center Line Profile
/27/7 _f_4,51q1
iqzqi
Center Line
30'
0.12'
Figure 2 - Market Street

Cross Section
(Not to Scale)
54
Chapter 6- Highway Curves and Volumes
130
Existing Level Top of Slope 1' above
PI
Ground = 192.0 Swale
Point B
7
XToe - /I\
F Level
Point C
-c)as 02 2%-->
25
Ica
Bldg Floor Elev=200.00

ul Sewer Lateral
Invert Elev.- 196.50
rade 2
30 Break 1%
, Level
2%/
N/ <(.; ta'e
CO EU X
0 Point
A
Top of Slope
--=-) I 5 'ae 1' Above
C-7 p_ 130 a Sidewalk Swale
2 .5 f L.
161.6 A/ii
/
15 --- -a- - Curb
t 7,773
Market Street
Market
Abbreviations:
UI
0 FL = Flow Line
1 2 P\ V cf
CL = Center Line
C>i PL = Property Line
1 617'C 3
%1 p Figure 3 - Plan View
(All dimensions are in feet)
j c V.:J (1-
Lj
f Not to Scale
e,
/ 5 3 c, t 2 5 -2_ ar
I o 44 -`3,C What is the ground elevation of the back of the sidewalk at the driveway centerline?
0 A) 195.07' B) 190.17' 2.74' D) 190.38'

Z. 2
What is the ground elevation of the back of the sidewalk at the southeasterly property corner?
A) 193.48' B) 190.38' C) 193.13' D) 193.38'
55
What is the ground elevation of the back of the sidewalk at the southwesterly property corner?
A) 193.48' B) 194.60' C) 194.53' D) 193.28'
What is the grade percentage between Point C and the building pad?
A) 6.05% B) 3.20% C) 2.20% D) 4.00%
What is the slope ratio from point A to the toe of the slope?
A) 3.5: 1 B) 2.4: 1 C) 2.8: 1 D) 2.9: 1
Calculate the cut from the back of the sidewalk to the sewer lateral invert at the property line?
A) C4 (12 ft B) C5 33 ft C) C3 6 ft D) C4 33 ft
Calculate the distance from the north property line to the toe of slope at Point "B."
A) 5.9ft B) 3.211 C) 5.71t D) 5.611
45-In mass diagram:
high point on a mass curve indicates a change from cut to fill

A high point on a mass curve indicates change from fill to cut
C) A low point on a mass curve indicates a change from cut to fill
D) None of the above
46-Vertical curves are measured:
orizontally B) along the slope lines

from BVC to PVI D) none
47-What is the maximum radius for a horizontal curve that can be constructed between 300+00
on Apple Street and 90+60 on Pear Street?
A) 5175ft B) 5375ft C) 485511 516211

120+40 Pear St.
270+30 Apple St. 410+10 Apple St.
Apple St.
N 78 VV
Not to Scale
864-00 Pear St.
48-In the figure below,
100,
890
N E
I-Determine the central angle I.
A) 16 B) 18 C) 20 D) 22
II-Determine the length L.
A) 135' B) 145' 55' D) 165'
49Determine the largest gap between the level surface road and the underground tunnel along
the vertical curve. The BVC is 25' below road. The elevation at PVI = 500'.
Level Surface Road
L= 900'
A)34ft ft C)36ft D)37ft
)( 50-The length of a parabolic highway curve has been revised to comply with the local speed
limit. If the grades remain the same, the stationing of the new point of intersection will:
ill not change B) will change proportionally to the length

C) will shift half the new curve length D) it depends on the speed
51-Based on the data presented in the table below
End Area (112)

\
Station Cut Fill
15+00 0 870
15+75 550 540
16+50 800 0
57
Determine the total volume of cut in cubic yard at station 16+50.
A)1400cy B)510cy C)1875cy D)2500cy
Determine the total volume of fill in cubic yard at station 16+50.
A)3350cy B)500cy C)1958cy 02500cy
52-Determine the volume of cut for the cross sections shown below for one full station.
Scale for Both Cross Sections:
V: 1" = 20'
A)19,500cy B)19,600cy ,700cy D)19,800cy
t y
iN
53-A proposed storm drain line to is to be constructed on a curve as shown below. The radius of
the curve connecting the two D.I. is to 100 feet. If the B.C. of the curve is the center of the D.I
No. 1, what is the centerline stationing of D.I. No. 1? ,-
..., ,,'
1 (a ,.."
10' I 10'
? ' /
/ Propose pipe line
Construct D.I. No. 2 at 15'

Rt of centerline sta 33+65
33+00
34+00 33+50
Centerline of Existing
Road Construct D.I. No. 1 at 8'
Lt. of centerline sta
(unknown)
Drawing not to Scale
A) 33+05 B) 33+07 C) 33+04 D) 33+01

54-The data for curves 1 and 2 are missing from the improvement plan shown below. Assume
that both curves are equal reversing curves.
I- What is the central angle of the curves?
A) 65 B 45 C) 70 D) 90
Determine the tangent of the curve?
A) B) 20' C) 37' D) 40'
In- What is the radius of the curve?
A) 9' B) 15'
BC, Sta
55+65.45
3, .3
5 6
3 3
22
r
56Z3,3,i
=I77 ._
24 I
. . , 71qz_t4
y 23,3q.. 55 4 C/95
5
- 2Z a
_ ? b
< 2- 1/ 5
x.
t
/
59
Chapter 7 Construction Staking
1-Slope stakes are set:
outside the limits of cut/fill B) using a level

C) for trial and error D) by a measure tape
2-Based on the information shown below, what is the centerline elevation at station 25+00 on a
uniform grade of 2.5%.
RPSS
10
-0.8
C7.0
@2:1
TO TOE
F0.6
@12.0
TO CL
A) ,3298.4' B) 3330.3' C) 3345.2' D) 3322.2'
3-Based on the construction stake below, what is the elevation at the toe of the slope?
A) 86.5' B) 83.4' C) 82.5' l..):30 85.5'

L
60
4-Grade rod is a term used in slope staking which means:
A) elevation of ground minus elevation of grade B) HI ground elevation

grade elevation D) I rod reading
5-White and orange colors at the top of a lath is used to indicate which condition:
A)water ) rtical control C)grade D)toe of slope
6-You have staked the corners of a rectangular concrete pad at 4-foot offset. To check your
work, you would:
A) turn the angles at each corner B) measure the diagonals

C) subtract the offset from each side D) none of the above
7-Which statement below is correct?
Single-beam laser instrument create visible reference lines which are used in linear and
vertical alignment applications.
II Rotating beam laser instrument create planes of reference, which may be used in
placement of grade stakes over large areas.
ifi Single-beam laser instrument may be used in sewer pipe placement and parking lot lay-
out
IV Rotating beam laser instrument may be used in construction of airports.
A) I, 11 B)ll,ffl C) I, II, IV D)
61
8-Based on the construction staking below, what feature is being staked out? (moving control
point)
) lope B) roadbed C) traveled way D) none
What is the centerline elevation?
A) 119.4' B) 109.6' 19.6' D) 120.0'
How far is the toe of slope from the centerline?
2' B) 60' C) 65' D) 72'
R.P.S.S.
in 1CP
-Ca
F1Cla
@2:1
to Bench
C-CP
@1CP
to F.L.
F9-@2:1
to H.P.
FO 12P-
to
Centerlin
9- Based on the stake below, how far is hinge point located from the center line? (Stationary
control point)
TOE
F5 @3:1
TO H.P.
F5 4- @35C1
TO
A) 15' B) 35' /920 ' D) 10.4'
10- Based on the stake below, how far is the toe from the centerline? (moving control point)
A) 15' B) 35' C) 20' D) 10.4'
62
11-What is the cross slope from the centerline to the RP? (Stationary control point)
Top
C-1041 1/2:1
To Bench
C- 10P- 252
C- IV@ 349
to HP
C-15L 441
tO CL
A) -10% B) % C) -3% D) 2%
12-Dtermine the HP Elevation, if the top of slope has elevation of 100.50'? (moving control
point)
A) 88.6' B) 100.5' C) 90.5' (1)))14.5'
How far is top of slope from the centerline?
(A) B) 34' D) 25' D) 50'

Top
C-10 1 1/2:1
To Bench
Level 102
C- 62 @i 112 :1
to HP
63
Chapter 8 Photogrammetry
1-In planning a photogrammetry project, which is the most common sequence:
A) set control, fly the route, set target B) set target, set control, fly the route
C) set target, fly the route, set control D) set control, set target, fly the route
2-The distance on a vertical aerial photograph between two east-west hedge lines is measured and
found to be 7.96 inches. The hedge lines are approximately the north and south section lines of
Section 10, which is regular. The terrain is approximately level. What is the approximate photo
scale in the area between two hedges?
A) 1:663 B) 1:24,000 C) 1" = 663' D) 1" = 7960'
3-When taking aerial photos, how much forward overlap is recommended in a flight line?
A) 60% B) 50% C) 40% D) 30%
4-When taking aerial photos, how much side overlap is recommended in two adjacent flight
lines?
A) 30% B) 50% D) 20% D) 25%
5-Determine the flying height above the ground for a photo scale of 1:20,000 and focal length of
153 mm. The elevation of the mean datum is 180 meters.
A) 3065 m B) 3060 m C) 4060m D) 4065 m
6-On a vertical photograph, the length of an airport runway measures 4.25 in. On a map plotted
to a scale of 1:9600 it extends 7.93 in. What is the photo scale at the runway elevation?
A) 1:18,000 B) 1:10,00 C) 1:12,000 D) 1 in=500 ft

I No more than 10% of elevations tested shall be in error by more than 1/2 Contour
Interval.
II Maps to scales larger than 1:20,000 can have no more than 10% of points
1
measured with an error of more that in
30
M Maps smaller than 1:20,000, can have no more than 10% of points measured with
1
an error of more than in
50
IV Not more than 20% of elevations tested shall be in error by more than 1/2
Contour Interval.
A) I, II B) H, Ill, CV C) I, II, III D) I, III, IV
64
Chapter 8 - Photogrammetry
8-A distance between two points on a photograph is 4 inches, and the same distance on the
ground is 810 feet. Determine the approximate scale of the photograph.
A) 1" = 100' B) 1" = 200' C) 1' = 300' D) 1" = 400'
9-The length of a football field from goalpost to goalpost measures 50.12 mm on a vertical
photograph. Determine the approximate dimension of a frontage road that measures 5.5 inches.
A) 1,015' B) 1,100' C) 1,200' D) 2,000'
10-Flying height above the mean datum is 1,500 meters. The focal length of the camera is 150
mm. Determine the scale ratio of the aerial photograph.
A) 1: 5,000 B) 1: 2,000 C) 1: 8,000 D) 1: 10,000
11-Aerial photography was taken at a height of 6,750 ft above average terrain. If the camera
focal plane dimensions are 9 x 9 in, the focal length is 4-1/2in and the spacing adjacent flight
lines is 10,500 ft , what is the percent sidelap?
A) 20% B) 22% C) 25% D) 30%
12-The vertical photograph shown was taken with a 6-in focal length camera at a flying height of
6,000 ft above NGVD '29.
NGVD '29
I) Determine the photo scale?
A) 1" = 500' B) 1" = 600' C) 1" = 875' D) 1" = 1000'
11) Points D and E are 2.5 inches apart on the photograph. Estimate the ground distance between
them?
A) 2000' B) 2200' C) 2300' D) 2400'
65
Chapter 9 California State Plane Coordinate System
1-How many zones are used in California for the California Coordinate System
NAD '27?
A) 5 B) 6 C) it depends 017
2-How many zones are used in California for the California Coordinate System
NAD '831
A) 5 C) it depends D) 7
3-The stationing along an existing highway is converted from NA]) 27 to NA]) 83. The highway
will have,
A) a new aligfunent B) some shifts along the curve

o physical change in the alignment D) shifts along the tangent portion
4-Which one of the following represents the datum for Horizontal Control?
ONAD 27, NAD 83 B) NGVD 29 C)NGSD 83 D) NAVD 88

><,
I NA]) 27 utilizes the Clarke ellipsoid of 1866.1./

II NA]) 83 utilizes the GRS80 ellipsoid. L-
IR The initial point of the NAD 27 is at Meades Ranch. e.
IV The NA]) 83 is based on a geocentric origin.
A) LIE B) II, ifi C) I, IV All
6-A two miles long highway widening project contains points both in NAD 27 and NA]) 83.
What method do you recommend to convert all the data points to NAD 83?
I Re-survey the entire project.

II Install NGS conversion software.
III Use linear interpolation of the changes of the X and Y.
Readjust the original survey data to control points whose positions are included in NA]) 83
A) I B)ll C)ffl C...)))-V

1
7-What projection is used as the basis for the California Coordinate System?
A) Mercator ambert
C) Space rectangular System D) California Projection System
8-Which of the following is the standard width of a time zone in degrees of longitude?
A) 7.5 B) 10 C) 12 C) 15
Chapter 9- California State Plane Coordinate System
9-The grid north is
A) different than the geodetic north

a line parallel to the central meridianc...,
A" and "B"
D) the difference between the geodetic north and the astronomic north
10-Traversing using State Plane Coordinates
A) ground distances must be converted to grid distances

B) directions (bearings/azimuths) must be converted to grid directions
C) the coordinates of at least one point must be known
11 of the above
11-Geoid is best defmed as:
e earth's mean sea level surface, and it is everywhere perpendicular to the direction of
gravity
B) the earth's mean sea level surface that is composed of constant shape
C) the earth's irregular surface
D) none of the above
12-Which of the following statements is not correct?
A) One U.S. Survey foot is defined as 1 meter = 39.37 inch.

B) In California, the elevations of BMs in NAVD'88 are approximately 3 ft higher than their
easurements in NGVD'29.
e ellipsoidal parameters of Clark 1866 and GRS80 only differs by couple of meters in both
taxes.
D) One International Foot (SI) is defmed as 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters.
13-A distance is expressed as 215,256.91 international foot. What is the length in US survey
foot?
A) 215, 256.48 US foot B) 215,257.91 US Foot

C) 215, 256.91 US Foot D) 215,256.03 US Foot
67
Chapter 10 Surveys of Public Lands
1-Which of the following statements are true with regard to a standard township:
(./ There are at least 25 sections that contain 640 acres L-1-----
II The fractional sections are located along the northerly and westerly township boundary/G -
IB The fractional sections are located along the southerly and easterly township boundarye-
IV The fractional sections are due to convergence of meridians and measurements errors 1..----
V Fractional sections in a township are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 30 and 31 _
7
A) I, II, III o4, BP, Ill, Vp< II, IV, V D) all
2-The standard corners: Hi 2, 0 7L.
ovem the subdivision of the land lying between each standard parallel and the next standard
parallel to the north
B) govern the subdivision of the land lying between each standard parallel and the next standard
parallel to the south
C) are always 24 miles from the initial point
3-The closing corners:
A) govern the subdivision of the land lying between each standard parallel and the next standard
ci parallel to the north

govern the subdivision of the land lying between each standard parallel and the next standard
parallel to the south
C) are always 24 miles from the initial point
-
/X e initial point is the intersection of
A) standard parallel and the principal meridian

base line and the 2 principal meridian
nd
ase line and the principal meridian

both "A" and "C" 1 I-4 .
0 ' 2 (,;1110,..
7
5m
'
i
are the nominal dimensions of the following Parcels
SE1/4, SE1/4, SE1/4, Sec. 15
A) 670' x 670' 60' x 660' C) 640' x640' D) 620' x 620'
-Compute the nominal area (in acres) of the parcels described below.
S1/2, NW1/4, Sec. 13, T2N, R3W, Mt Diablo PM.
68
Chapter 10- Surveys of Public Lands
A) 75 acres B) 78 acres acres D) 82 acres
17,fic;;; far is the center of the above parcel to the initial point in miles?
6 miles B) 18 miles C) 15 miles D) 13 miles
1. 72eeth
plat
. of a standard public land township, a line connects the % corner common to sec 8-9
with section corner common to sec 25, 26, 35, 36. Determine the length of this connector line in
miles?
A) 4.32 miles .61 miles C) 4.68 miles D) 4.50 miles
/I"- he plat of an original 1945 government subdivision of Township 2 north, Range 1 East shows
the south line of Section 30 to be 79.60 chains.
What should be the length of the south line of the SW1/4 of the SW1/4 of section 30?
A) 10.00 ch B) 20.00 ch 9.60 ch D) 39.50 ch
H- What should be length of the south line of the SE1/4 of the SW1/4 of Section 30?
A) l000 ch B) 20.00 ch C) 19.60 ch D) 39.50 ch
-Find the area and the description of the shaded area in a regular section
1) NW1/4 of NW 1/2 of NE1/4, 40.0 acres

N1/2 of NW1/4 of NE1/4, 20.0 acres
NW1/4 of NE1/4 of NE 1/4, 20.0 acres
D) N1/2 of NW1/4 of NE1/4, 10.0 acres
// IN
ki w,, /,/ zo acre_
Li
a -72_ 20 4tctc_
4)' L/)
10- when subdividing a standard township in the system of Public Land Surveys, which section
was surveyed first?
B) 31 C) 16 D) 1
6-tio
1 e south half of the SW 1/4 of a 1/4 section will have approximately how many acres?
xqX1_,
A) 10 acres B) 40 acres 0 acres D) 30 acres
12-Calculate the bearing of a line joining the SW corner of the NE 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of Section
29 and the SW corner of the NE 1/4 of the SW 114 of Section 11, both in the same township.
69
Chapter 10 - Surveys of Public Lands
A)N45 E B)S 45 W C) 55 D) Azimuth of 45
13-Theoretically, range lines are
A) parallel B) converge from south to north

C) converge from north to south D) are true lines of latitudes
14-Which of the following pairs of sections does not have a common side?
I Sec. 7, T 18 N, R 18 W and Sec. 12, T 18 N, R 19 W
II Sec. 15, T 18 N, R 18 W and Sec. 21, T 18 N, R 18 W
III Sec. 33, T 19 N, R 19 W and Sec. 4, T 18 N, R 19 W
IV Sec. 33, T 19 N, R 19 W and Sec. 27, T 19 N, R 19 W
A)IandII B) I and IV C) and DI D) II and IV
70
Chapter 11 GPS and GIS
1-What is the minimum number of satellites required for GPS application?
4 B) 6 C) 3 D) at least 1
2-When a GPS receiver's position is being determined, what is actually being measured?
A) distance time C) triangulation D) none
3-What is Dilution of Precision (DOP) in GPS planning?
A) it is a measure of the geometry of the satellite constellation

C5- when 2 satellites are on opposite orbits
C) it is a factor obtained by the local weather forecast
4-Which of the following heights are measured with GPS receivers?
A) orthometric heights B)Allipsoid heights

C) geoid heights ) none of the above
5-What additional element is required to convert ellipsoid height to the orthometric height?
A) longitude of the point eoid height

C) latest ephemeris D) latitude of the point
6-Which of the following GPS surveying technique results produces the most precise
measurement?
A) Pseudo-Kinematic B) Pseudo-Static tatic D) RIK
7-You have been asked to perform a route survey that is 6 miles long. Which of the following
methods would you recommend?
A) GPS hotogrammetry C) EDM D) Chain
8-The same project as above, except this route includes 14 control points. Which method would
you recommend?
PS B) Photogrammetry C) EDM D) Chain
9-A control survey is requested for a 50-acre flat area. It is in the countryside, and most of the
area is co:jet-ed 2y.grass. Which of the following methods do you recommend for this control
survey?
PS B) Photogrammetry C) EDM E) Leveling
71
Chapter 11 - GPS and GIS
10-What is the minimum Line-length Dependent error of NGS Order A survey categories?
A) 1:100,000,000 01:10,000,000 C) 1:1,000,000 D) 1:50,000,000
11-What is the minimum Line-length Dependent error of NGS Order AA survey categories?
100,000, 000 B) 1:10,000,000 C) 1:1,000,000 B) 1:50,000,000
12-What is the minimum Line-length Dependent error of NGS Order B survey categories?
A) 1:100,000,000 B) 1:10,000,000 a1:1,000,000 D) 1:50,000,000
13-Which of the following methods is most suited for accumulation and presentation of specific
data from general data?
&IS B) GPS C) EDM D) Records map
14-What is a Raster Model?
it is a grid system formed on the map

B) when field data are electronically measured in the field
C) when data are represented by lines and points
D) all of the above
15-What is a Vector Model?
C3
)data are represented by points, lines, and polygons
) filed measurements are observed by GPS units
C) data are only represented by alphabets
D) all of the above
16-You are required to establish horizontal control for a 10-mile strip of highway using
Photogranunetry technique. The project photogranunetrist reirUests 30 control points along the
route. Given the following data, which method is the most economical choice?
Cost of GPS = $2500 for initialization plus $500 per point

II- Cost of EDM = Two man crew at $100/hour that can survey 1600 feet per 8-hour day
III- Cost of Chaining = Three man creviff $120ihour that can survey 800 feet per 8-hour
day
A)llT B)11 D) I and II
/
(
.4
,
2 c- CT-)
72
Course
Part II Solutions
1-Answer is B.
Per Professional Engineers Act (B&P.0 Sections 6700 6799) a registered Civil Engineer may
legally perform the following tasks: Topographic survey with the intent of not determining the
boundary, grading plan with no boundary and stake for grading, provide construction staking for
a fixed engineering work assuming control is established by a person authorized to perform land
surveying.
2-Answer is D
All options are available since the intent of this survey is to do a Topographic Survey.
3- Answer is B
In plane surveying, the curvature of earth is neglected and computations are based on plane
trigonometry and plane geometry.
4- Answer is A
The best map to examine is the USGS topographic map. It shows all the man-made and natural
features as well as elevations.
5-Answer is A
The key phrase in this question is "which survey type is needed ...". To ensure work is being
done in accordance with the plans and specifications, a final survey is warranted.
6- Answer is C
In route surveying distances are measured parallel and perpendicular to the centerline.
7- Answer is B
In plane surveying, all distances are assumed to be horizontal distances, unless otherwise noted.
8- Answer is D
A Resident Engineer (i.e. post 1982 Registered Civil Engineer), cannot replace the monument,
nor file a corner record. The only option is to do nothing!
9- Answer is D
The key phrase is the best method; and the best method is to do pothole survey.
10-Answer is D
If not using electronic data collector, all filed notes must be handwritten with a pencil indicating
the climatic conditions and instrument type. The mistaken data should be crossed-out and the
corrected information should be written above it. The field book should also include sketches and
tabulations.
11-Answer is A
An Environmental Engineer is the most qualified individual to delineate the area.
12-Answer is B
The only statement true is "a pre 1982 Civil Engineer who may legally relocated a monument.
The other choices are not true.
13-Answer is C
74
A parcel map is needed to the further subdivision of land.
14- Answer is A
Typically an As-Built survey is done for the development of the condominium. Horizontal
distance, utility measurements and pot holing have no application in this case.
15- Answer is A
The first order of work before any design is to perform a pre-engineering survey to see what types
of survey are needed to complete the project.
75
41 110
Chapter 2 Solutions to Distance Measurements: Horizontal & Vertical
1- Answer is A
Choices I, II, and IV are true. However, the incorrect tape length does not result in accidental
error. It produces systematic errors.
2- Answer is D
A direct reading rod does not require field notes (i.e. BS and FS). Elevations are read directly.
3- Answer is D
System Constant= AC (AB + BC)
= 40023.185 m 1990.696 m 2032.488 m= 0.001m
4- Answer is A
Total Error= (Constant error + PPM)
5mm 2500ft
=5 min+ x 0.3048 m = 8.84 nun
1000m lfi
5- Answer is B
L.= L Correction
Correction = error per tape x No. of tapes used
= 0.04 ft per tape x 1 tape = 0.04 f for the length
= 0.04 ft per tape x 0.6 tape = 0.024ft
L.--100 ft 0.04 ft = 99.96 ft
Width. = 60 ft 0.024 ft = 59.98 ft
6- Answer is B
Both NGVD 29 and NAVD 88 represent the national vertical datum. Both NAD 27 and NAD 83
represent the national horizontal control datum.
7- Answer is A
Mean Sea Level is the average of all water heights over a tide epoch.
8- Answer is D
In order to minimize the error due to imperfect line of sight, the back sight and foresight distances
to the instrument should be kept balanced.
9- Answer is C
Elevation = - FS
= 6.5 ft- 6.5 ft x cos 10 = 0.1 ft
10- Answer is C
The key phrase is Contour map, which includes both horizontal and vertical control surveys. So,
only cross-section can provide both controls.
11- Answer is B
Invert Elevation = Known elevation + BS F D Wall thickness)
= 195.35 ft+ 4.73 ft 13.20 ft-
12- Answer is D
No effect, because: AElev = I BS - FS
BS (ft) FS (ft) AElev(ft)
Incorrect 5.35 6.13 0.78
Correct 6.35 7.13 0.78
13- Answer is D
Vertical Angle= tan l (grade)
= tan -1 = 2 34' 36" (ans. to 1 st part)
100
Answer is D
Grade = tan (vertical angle) x 100%
= tan (3 30') x 100% = 6.12% (ans. to 2nd part)
14-Answer is C
Elev. 12+50 = Initial Elevation + E (change in elevation)
= 350 It 0.3 (3.05) ft + 1.35 (5.95) It 10.8 (2.05) ft= 334.98 ft
15-Answer is B
77
Chapter 2 - Solutions to Distance Measurements: Horizontal & Vertical

I(OD + spacing)in
Invert Elevation = Elev. og -
in
12 -
ft
[8+8+12+8+16+8+24-0.51
=255 ft-3 ft- ft = 245.04 ft
12
16-Answer is A
The first set of data is assumed to be taken from exactly the mid point so that the true difference
in elevation is obtained. True Difference in elevation = I BS - FS 1
=
True Difference in elevation = I 8.10 ft- 4.96ft1 3.14 ft
The 2' d set of data is assumed to be taken when the instrument is moved very close to one of the
control points. Therefore, an apparent difference in elevation is taken
Apparent difference in elevation = IBS - FS 1
= 18.51 ft- 5.35 ftl= 3.16 ft
Then the adjustment is the difference between the 1 st and the 2'd set ups.
Adjustment = true - apparent
= 3.14 ft- 3.16 ft= -0.02 ft
17-Answer is C
True difference in elevation = BS - FS 1
= 5.35 ft- 5.28 ftl= 0.07 ft

So to get the same difference in elevation, the
Rod reading = BS - (true difference in elevation)
= 5.22ft - 0.07ft = 5.15ft
18-Answer is B
Known elevation + BS = HI
256.18ft + 4.05ft = 260.23ft
HI - FS Top p pe = Elevation at Top of pipe
i
260.23 ft - 10.26ft = 249.97ft

HI - FS = Elevation at TMB#2
259.01ft - 7.56ft = 251.45ft
HI- Elevation-mm#2 = BS at TBM#3
250.45ft - 245.56ft = 4.89ft
HI - ElevationTBM#3 = FS at TBM#3
254.01ft - 245.56ft = 8.45ft
HI - FS = Elevation at BM"B"
250.45ft - 7.08ft = 243.37ft
Misclosure = Observed - Established

= 243.37ft - 243.39ft = -0.02 ft
19-Answer is B
78
100ft(0.001ft)
Allowable Difference - -22.22 ft
0.0045ft
20- Answer is A
CT = 6.5 x 10 -6(95 - 30)r 1965.02ft = 0.83 ft
This is a lay-out problem = 1965.02ft - 0.83ft = 1964.19ft
21- Answer are A and C

1st
= 100 (2.65) cos 2 (4 29') = 263.38' (ans. to part)
0
AV= 1- (100) (2.65) sin 2 (4 29') = -20.65'
2
Elev. M = 871.20 + 5.47 - 20.65 -9.33 = 846.69' (ans. to 2 nd part)
22- Answer is A
Because of proportional error, better precision is obtained when long sights are taken.
23- Answer is A
In the cut tape, first and the last foot are fully graduated.
24- Answer is B
Waving a rod is a technique to find the plumb position of a rod from the instrument.
25- Answer is A
The atmospheric conditions are corrections that influence the speed of the signal. Corrections are
expressed in terms of PPM.
26- Answer is C
The curvature causes the rod reading to be greater than normal.
27- Answer is D
Ground slope between BM "M" and BM "R"
BM "M"
BM "R"
From set up 1: Average FS readings = (6.81ft + 6.82ft + 6.83ft) 3 = 6.82ft

Apparent Difference in elevation = 6.82ft - 3.25ft = 3.57ft
From set up 2: Average FS readings = (4.80ft + 4.80ft + 4.81 ft) 3 = 4.80ft

Apparent Difference in elevation = 8.3511- 4.8011 = 3.55ft
True Difference in Elevation = (3.5511 + 3.5711) 2 = 3.56ft
Elevation at BM "M" = 348.2211 + 3.56ft = 351.7811
79
28- Answer is A
2'
Elev A + 0.04x ft+ 10 ft = ElevB

ElevB = Elev A + 0.33 (x - 2) ft
ElevA -F 0.04x ft+ 10ft = Elev A-+0.33 (x -2) ft
x = 36.8ft
29- Answer is A
The middle cross hair is on 3.08 ft mark, and the additional reading is obtained by locating a
continuous line from the venire to the main scale. The continuous line is the 4 th line. So the
reading is 3.084 ft
30- Answer is C
Misclosure = Observed elevation - Established elevation
= 99.92ft - 100ft = 0.08ft
Misclosure 0.08
Error Distribution - + ft per BM
# BM 7
BM Elevation Correction Adjusted Elevation

BM-200 100.00 0 100.00
Al 102.50 0.01 102.51
A2 110.00 0.02 110.02
A3 113.00 0.03 113.03
A3 113.00 0.04 113.04
A2 109.94 0.06 110.00
Al 102.38 0.07 102.45
BM-200 99.92 0.08 100.00
Al = (102.51ft + 102.45ft) 2 = 102.48ft

A2 = (110.02ft + 110.00ft) 2 = 110.01ft
A3 = (113.03ft + 113.04ft) 2 = 113.04ft
31- Answer is A
Note the upside-down position of the last foresight reading.
IBS = 1.40ft + 1.38ft + 1.07ft = 3.85ft
EFS = -2.52ft-2.65ft + 12.99ft = 7.82ft
11110 Bottom of the sign elevation = 100ft + 3.85ft + 7.82ft = Ill .67ft
Chapter 2- Solutions to Distance Measurements: Horizontal & Vertical
32- Answers are B and C

HI = 44.90ft + 3.30ft = 48.20ft
Y
OG 18' left of 12+00 = 48.2ft - 2.3ft = 45.9ft (ans. to 1 st part)
Y
BM B = 48.20ft - 4.16ft = 44.04ft (ans. to 2nd part)
33- Answer are B and D
Y8m2 = 35.45ft + {(3.27ft + 4.56ft + 5.32ft) - (4.31ft + 4.28ft + 5.95ft)) = 34.06ft (ans. to
St
part)
AElev. BM2 to BM3 = (6.72ft + 4.58ft + 8.25ft) -(3.25 ft + 4.35ft + 5.61ft) = +6.34ft (ans. to
2"I part)
34- Answer is A
Upper Reading = 5.25 ft
Lower Reading = 5.01ft
D =KS
= 100(5.25ft - 5.01ft) = 24ft
35- Answer is C
Ground Slope from Point A to B
AElev CA = + V -
V = 100 (4.32ft cos 8 30') sin 8 32' = 63.15ft
AElev.a = hi - V - RR
3
V = 100 (3.48ft cos 5 45') sin 5 45' = 34.69ft

AElev. = 63.15ft + 34.69ft = 97.84ft
BA
36- Answers are A, A, B and C
= /(250) 2 _(1.5)2 = 250ft

1
1-12
295.78ft 3.55ft
=
H2 1(295.78) 2 - (3.55) 2 = 295.76ft
)
H3
2.O5fd 180.3211
=
H3 V(180.32) 2 _(2.05)2 = 180.3111
H-rotai = 250ft + 295.76ft + 180.3111 =726.0711
726.07ft (ans. to 1' part)
81
Chapter 2- Solutions to Distance Measurements: Horizontal & Vertical
From similar triangles

295.76'
X
1.5'
X 295.76 ft
X = 124.97ft
1.5ft 3.55ft
D A to x = 25011 + 124.9711 = 374.9711 (ans. to 2' d part)
1 + 2 + 2 = 5 full tapes were used. (ans. to 3 rd part)
3 +3 + 2 = 8 times the tape was used. (ans. to 4 6 part)
37- Answer is C
The typical application is to transfer elevation from a control point to another point where the set-
up of instrument at midway between the control points are not possible.
38- Answer is C
The best equipment is to use a total station where both horizontal and vertical data can be
obtained
39- Answers are A and B

Rod Intercept = Upper Reading - Lower Reading
=7.2511 - 4.85ft = 2.411
Slope distance = 100 x (Rod Intercept) x cos (vert,ical. angle)
= 100 (2.4ft cos 8 15') + 0.15 m Oer m = 238.0011
D = (Slope distance) x cos (vertical angle) -
= 23811 cos 8 15' = 235.5411 (ans. to 1 st part)
AElev. = Hi - V - RR= 23811 sin 8 15' = -34.1511
40- Answer is C
80'
300 - 80 - X
300'
YB = 210ft + 0.5X
YD = 204ft = B 0.3333 (300ft 80ft X)
204ft = 210ft + 0.5X 100ft + 26.66ft + 0.3333X X = 80.81ft
Yc = Ys = 210ft + 80.81ft (0.5) = 250.41ft
41- Answer is D
AElev. = EBS - EFS = 14.01ft 14.35ft = -0.34ft
Y
BM A. in Nam) '88 = 107.88ft + 0.34ft = 108.22ft
42- Answer is A
Y
44-00 = 336.80ft + 6.88ft 10.11ft + 3.42ft 2.93ft + 4.71ft 11.4ft = 327.37'
OG FL = 327.37ft 315ft = C 12.37ft
43- Answer is C
The finished grade elevation at each station must be calculated and then be compared to the
original ground elevation. By doing that, one would conclude that Alternative B exposes the pipe
at station 3+00, and also has the maximum trench depth.
44- Answer is D
182ft 173ft
Ground Slope x 100%= 6%
15 Oft
182ft
178ft
173ft X
178ft= 173ft + 0.06x

Wet Length = 83.33ft
Area = 83.33 ft x 250ft = 20,832 ft2
45- Answer is A
1
s=- (a+b+c)
2
83
1
s= (465ft + 322.5ft + 300ft) = 543.75 ft
2
Area = s(s a)(s b)(s c)
= V543.75fi(543.75 465)fi(543.75 300)fi(543.75 322.5)fi = 48,055.03 ft2

1
Area = 16,018.34 ft2
3
Using law of cosine to determine angle at point B:
(322.5ft) 2 = (300ft) 2 + (465ft) 2 2(300ft)(465ft) cos B B = 43 32' 53"
1
Area YBX = 16018.34sqft = (BX)(YX)
2
YX = BX tan B
1
16018.34sqft = (BX) (BX tan 43 32' 53") BX = 183.58 ft
2
YX = 183.58ft tan 43 32' 53"= 174.51ft
46- Answer is A
X _\
300'
Area of a trapezoid
1
18,000sqft = Y (300ft +300ft 2X)
2
Y=Xtan 75
1
18,000sqft = X (600ft 2X) tan 75
2
X 2 300X + 4823.06ft = 0
The solution to the quadratic equation are: X 1 = 17.5ft and X2 = 282.9ft N. G.
HG = 300ft 2(17.5ft) = 265ft
47- Answers are D and C
84
Grade of the fill slope = -33.33%
Right Slope Intercept:

1.5
OG Grade from center to the right = x 100% = -3.33%
45
YB = 961.5ft 0.03333(15ft) = 961.0ft
Lines AR and BR converge at a rate equal to the difference in their grades. Therefore, horizontal
(969.3 961.0)fi
distance from either point A or B to R 27.7 ft
(0.3333 0.03333) ft
ft
Right slope intercept = 15 + 27.7 = 42.7 ft (ans. to l st part)
Left Slope Intercept:
1.4
OG from center to the left = = 0.028 ft per ft
50
Yc = 961.5ft + 0.028 (15ft) = 961.9ft
Lines CL and DL converge at a rate equal to the summation of their grades. Therefore, horizontal
(969.3 961.9)fi
distance from either point D or C to L 20.5 ft
(0.3333 + 0.028) ft
ft
Left slope intercept = 15 + 20.5 = 35.5 ft (ans. to 2 1'd part)
48- Answer is D
85
400'
a
VI
CB = V(300fi) 2 + (400fi) 2 = 500 ft

a sin _ i 100
11 32' 13"
500
b = cos . ' 300 0
53 07' 48"
500
=
ba 41 35' 35"
0
DE = 30011 tan 41 35' 35" = 266.9ft
1 lacre
And = {400ft(300ft) - (266.29ftX300ftX2)) x 0.92 acres
2 43,560se
49- Answers are C, C and B

Y
2+00 = 102.23ft + 2.12ft + 1.6711 11.32ft 4.2ft = 90.5011 (ans. to l st part)
HI at TP#1 = 102.23ft + 2.1211 + 1.6711 11.32ft = 94.70ft (ans. to 2ns part)

Y 102.23ft + 2.1211 + 1.6711 11.32ft 2.111 = 92.60ft
OG at 1+75 =
Finished Grade 91.15

0.042 88 ft per ft
75
Ygrade at 1 +75 = 8811 + 0.042 (17511) = 95.3511
Fill = 95.35 92.60 = 2.75ft (ans. to 3 part)

rd
50-Answer is D
A grade has a broad definition in Surveying. It can be " a proposed grade," "a slope of a profile
line," and " a vertical distance below or above grade stakes."
51-Answer is D
Because a foresight is a rod reading taken on a control point with unknown elevation. A rod
reading taken on a bench mark with a known elevation is known as a backsight.
52-Answer is A
If a project requires very accurate reading, then a tilting level is used. Digital, and automatic
levels can also be used for leveling purposes, however, the data obtained are not as precise as data
obtained by a tilting level.
86
53- Answer is D
Level is not part of the taping accessories. The other items such as tension handles, range poles,
hand level, and plumb bobs are part of the taping accessories.
54- Answer is A
The cross sectional area of a tape is not directly proportional to the pull correction.
55- Answers are A an C

H
H+128
=tan 515' & =tan 627' Two equations with two unknowns,
D tan 5 0 15' + 128 ft = D tan 627', So D = 6047.83ft

H = 6047.83ft x tan 515' = 555.72ft
56- Answer is D
Based on the following diagram, the street is 21.23ft 19.08ft = 2.15ft below water.
See the diagram on the next page.
Hi .h Water
21.23ft NAVD 88= 18.93 ft FCD
Street Level
19.08ft NAVD 88= 17.85ft City Datum
2.30ft NAVD = 0.00ft FCD
1.23ft NAVD = 0.00ft City Datum
NAVD 88= -1.23ft City Datum
87
400'
0
ri
CB = 1/(300fi) 2 + (400fi) 2 = 500 ft

a = sin-1 100 =
11 32' 13"
500
b = cos-1 300
53 07' 48"
500
b a = 41 35' 35"
0
DE = 300ft tan 41 35' 35" = 266.9ft
1 lacre
Anet = {400ft(300ft) - (266.29ftX300ft)(2)} x 0.92 acres
2 43,560se
49- Answers are C, C and B

Y 102.23ft + 2.12ft + 1.67ft 11.32ft 4.2ft = 90.50ft (ans. to latpart)
2+00 =
HI at TP#1 = 102.23ft + 2.12ft + 1.67ft 11.32ft = 94.70ft (ans. to 2ns part)

Y 102.23ft + 2.12ft + 1.67ft 11.32ft 2.1ft = 92.60ft
OG at 1+75 =
Finished Grade 91.15-88

0.042 ft per ft
75
Y
grade at 1+75 = 88ft + 0.042 (175ft) = 95.35ft
Fill = 95.35 92.60 = 2.75ft (ans. to 3 rd part)
50-Answer is D
A grade has a broad defmition in Surveying. It can be "a proposed grade," "a slope of a profile
line," and" a vertical distance below or above grade stakes."
51-Answer is D
Because a foresight is a rod reading taken on a control point with unknown elevation. A rod
reading taken on a bench mark with a known elevation is known as - a backsight.
52-Answer is A
If a project requires very accurate reading, then a tilting level is used. Digital, and automatic
levels can also be used for leveling purposes, however, the data obtained are not as precise as data
obtained by a tilting level.
86
53- Answer is D
Level is not part of the taping accessories. The other items such as tension handles, range poles,
hand level, and plumb bobs are part of the taping accessories.
54- Answer is A
The cross sectional area of a tape is not directly proportional to the pull correction.
55- Answers are A an C

H+128
= tan 515' & =tan 627' Two equations with two unknowns,
D tan 515' + 128 ft = D tan 627', So D = 6047.83ft

H = 6047.83ft x tan 515' = 555.72ft
56- Answer is D
Based on the following diagram, the street is 21.23ft 19.08ft = 2.15ft below water.
See the diagram on the next page.
Huh Water
21.23ft NAVD 88 = 18.93 ft FCD
Street Level
19.08ft NAVD 88 = 17.85ft City Datum
2.30ft NAVD = 0.00ft FCD
1.23ft NAVD 0.00ft City Datum
NAVD 88= -1.23ft City Datum
87
Chapter 3 Solutions to Angular Measurements and Traversing
1-Answer is B
0.7ft
2
A
_, Opposite
a = tan
Adjacent
_ 0.35ft
= tan 1' 20"
900.25ft
2-Answer is D 0.3 and at, = +0.45

E =
j(E L ) 2 + (ED)2
= V(0.3ft) 2 + ( 0.45ft) 2 =0.54 ft
3-Answer is A
1
Ratio
Perimeter
E,
1 : 9,100
4950.34ft
0.54ft
4-Answer is B
_ 1 Dept _
Bearing A'A = tan
Lat
tan _ i 0.45ft
S 56 18' 36" W
0.30fi
5-Answer is D
A least s uare method is the methodology used to make
_ _adjustments to data in radial survey
technique.
6- Answer is D
Y Known Elevation + BS V RR
TBM R =
=
and V L tan a
YTBm R = 125.05ft + 5.86ft 85ft tan 10 30' 3.57ft = 111.59ft
BS=5.86ft
Elev. 125.05ft
,@, sta 3+00 RR=3.57ft
TBM "R"
7-Answer is A
The shift = Old Bearing + the new bearing
= 7 25' + 2 30' = 9 55' W
The shift in magnetic bearing
N2 30'E
N7 25W
Original
Magnetic North
New
Magnetic North
8-Answer is B
, AX
Bearing = tan-
AY
.1 685fi
= tan S 48 47' 04" E
600fi
9-Answer is B
North
Azimuth = 180 + Bearing + Deflection

= 180 + 38 +68 = 286
10-Answer is A
Dept = L sin (Bearing)

= 20011 sin 29 30' 20" = 98.50 ft
Lat = L cos (Bearing)
= 200ft cos 29 30' 20" = 174.06 ft
11-Answer is B
True Bearing = Magnetic Bearing - Declination
0
= 64 39' 18 30' 30" = S 46 08' 30" E
TN MN
12-Answers are A, and A

Point Dept = L sin (Bearing) Lat = L cos (Bearing)
A
99.36ft 11.3211
29.4711 -52.26ft
-29.44ft -63.8611
A
ED = 99.39ft EL = - 104.8011
LDA = V(E D,) 2 +(kat)2
= V(99.39ft) 2 + (-104.80fi) = 144.43 ft (ans. to 2' d part)

Dept -
Bearing = tan _ 1
Lat
_ 1 99.39
= tan N 43 28' 56" W (ans. to part)
104.43
DMD DA = Rule No. 3 = 99.39' (ans. to 2' part)
13-Answer is A
Northing = YA LatAB Lati3c
= 100011 +11.32ft - 52.2611 = 959.0611
Easting = XA + Dept AB + Dept BC
= 1000ft + 99.36ft + 29.4ft = 1128.8311
14-Answer is B
As long as lines do not crisscross (or if they do, it has to be in pairs), the summation of all the
deflection angles is equal to 360 degrees.
90
Chapter 3 - Solutions to Angular Measurements and Traversing
15-Answer is C
Bearing = Initial Bearing + (Edeflection angles)
= 45 +0 (45 -45435) = Due East cra-
Azimuth = 180 + Bearing
= 270
16-Answers are D, D, and A
17- 1-
II-
Point Interior Angle Deflection Angle
A 105 30' 74 30' R 4-'-
105 15' L- 7 4 45' R
86 56' i_- 93 04' R 1<,
82 48' 97 12' R
159 31' 20 29' R
E = 540 E = 360
BI- Answer is D
Since the product of each XY results in large number, it is recommended to transfer the axes
through the most southerly and most westerly points. The most southerly and westerly points are
E and A, respectively.
Please notice the cut-off line "CA".
Original Coordinates Transferred Double Area
Points Coordinates
X Y X Y ft2 (+) ft2 (-)
A 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 0.00 556.51
B 1,000,468.21 1,000,320.39 468.21 876.90 ' 260,564 0.00
C 1,001,085.93 999,795.28 1,085.93 351.* 952,252 164,712
E 1,000,190.36 999,443.49 190.36 0.00 66,967
A 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00 0 556.51 0.00 105,937
Sum E = 1,279,783 E=270,649
1 279 783ft2 - 270,649ft2
A- ' = 11.60 acres
2 x 43,560)7 2 I acre
91
18-Answer is D
ELat = 600ft + 100ft 400ft = +300ft
.Dept = 200ft + 400ft + 400ft 300ft = 700ft
To balance: -300 in Lat & -700 in Dept

Dept
Bearing of EA = tan- 1
Lat
7 Oft
Bearing of EA = tan -1 0 _ S 66 0 48' 05" W
300fi
Answer is A
Dept Lat DMD Double Area = DMD x Lat
ft2 0
Courses (ft) (ft) (ft) ft2()
AB 200E 600N 200 120,000 -
BC 400E 100 N 800 80,000 -
CD 400E 0 1,600 0 -
DE 300 W 400 S 1,700 - 680,000
EA 700 W 300S 700 - 210,000
Sum E--200,000 E=890,000
200 000fi 2 890,000fi2

A 7.9 Acres =
2 x 43,560fi 2 / acre
19-Answer is D
point Dept = L sina Lat = L cosa X Y
A +5 +10
+14.51 -13.77
+19.51 -3.77
+30.00 -0.04
+49.51 -3.81
All dimensions are in feet.
20-Answer is B
XE1 = XA +DeptAB
= 0 + 10ft sin 51 30' = 7.83 ft
Y = YA + LatAB
B
= 0+ 10ft cos 51 30' = 6.23 ft
LOCBc = XC XB
=
12ft 7.83ft = 4.17 ft
AY Y
BC = C YB
= 6.23ft lft = 5.23 ft
L= 11(AX) 2 +(M) 2 = 6.69 ft
= V(4.17fi) 2 + (5.23fi) 2 =6.69 ft
Bearing BC = tan-1 AX
AY
92
4.17fi
= tan S 38 33' 58" E
5.23 ft
21-Answer is C
=
AXRc XC X8
=
30ft 0 = 30ft
AY =- Y
Bc c YB
=20ft 0 = 20ft
slope--m=rise/run
20fi 2fi
m-
30fi 3fi
y=mx + b
2fi 2
20ft = (30)ft + b b = 0 Y= - X
3fi 3
=
AXAD XD XA
= 40ft 2ft = 38ft
=
AYAD YD - YA
=5ft 8ft-=3ft
- 3ft - 3fi
m= 5ft - (40ft) + b b = 8.1579ft
38fi 38ft
-
3
Y= - X+8.1579
38
2
-3
X+8.1579 = - X X= 10.94 and Y = 7.29
38 3
or use bearing/azimuth with triangle solutions.
22-Answer is A
AX 30ft 5fi
Bearing of ML = tan -1 = tan"' N68 11' 55"E
AY 25ft - 5fi
AX _ 5ft-10fi
Bearing of RM = tan"' = tan'1 45 W
AY 10fi- 5ft
L= V(AX) 2 + ( AY)2
LRm = V(5ft - l0/) 2 + (15fi -10ft) 2 = 7.07ft
X
a=180(Bearing of line ML0 + Bearing of line RM)

0
= 180 (68 11' 55" +45 ) = 66 48' 05"
Using Law of Sines.
sin fi sin 66 48' 05"
= 54 19' 15" 0 = 58 52' 40"
7.07 8
93
sin 58 52' 40" sin 66 48' 05"

L = 7.45 ft
Lmx 8
=Xm + Lmx cos(bearing of line ML)
= 5ft + 7.45ft sin 68 11' 55" = 11.92ft
Yx ="- Ym + L sin(bearing of line ML)
= 15 ft+ 7.45ft cos 68 11' 55" = 17.77ft
AX
Bearing of RX = tan-I
AY
_ 1 11.92fi 10fi
= tan N 13 52' 48" E
17.77fi 10fi
23-Answer is B
Bearing of AG = Due South

In triangle ACB: <C = 65 30', <B = 90-65 30' = 24 30
FC 30fi
GF 13.67 ft
tan65 30' tan65 30'
BE 30fi
DE 65.83 ft
tan24 30' tan24 30'
CB= 522ft GF -ED
= 522ft 13.67ft 65.83ft = 442.50 ft
AB = CB sin 65 30' =442.5ft sin 65 30= 402.66 ft
AC = CB cos 65 30' =442.5ft cos 65 30'= 183.50 ft
A = 1/2(Base x Height)
1 1 acre
A = (183.5ft)(402.66ft) ( ) 0.85 Acres
2 43560fi 2
24-Answer is B
94

<A = <C = Bearing of AF Bearing of AG

<C= 55 - 25 = 30
<D = <F = 180 (Bearing of FG + Bearing of FC)
0
= 180 - 65 + 55 = 60
AG = 37811 tan 60 = 654.72 ft
BC 10fi
AB 17.32 11
tan 30 tan 30
ED 20fi
EF 11.55 ft
tan60 tan 60
Usable length along "B" St. = AG - AB- DE
Usable length along "B" St. = 654.72ft 17.3211 20ft = 617.40 ft
Usable length along "A" St. = GF - BC - EF
Usable length along "A" St. = 378ft 10ft 11.5511 = 356.45 ft
A = '/2 (Base x Height)
A=!
(617.40ftX356.45ft) = 110,036112
2
25-Answer is A
A= Length x Width
5 acres (43560 ft2/acre)=200ft L L = 1089 ft
No. of Lots along Front Street = L/(Min. lot dimension)
1089 ft
No. of Lots 5.89 say 5 lots
185
lot
1089fi
=
Check 217.80 ft
5 lots
A = Length x Width
= 217.8ft x 20011 = 43560 ft2 > 37 , 000 112, so it is OK
26-Answer is A
MM. lot size = 0.5acre x 43560 ft2 /acre = 21,780 112
708fi
No. of lots = 6.43 lots say 6 lots @ 118 ft each
ft
110
lot
1
Check trapezoidal lot= (708ft 650ft) (22011) + 220ft (118ft (708ft 650ft)) = 19850 112
2
19,580 112 <21,780 ft2 , N. G.
Try 5 lots @ 141.60 ft
(708fi 650fi) (220fi)
Check the comer lot + 22011 (141.60ft 5811) = 24,772 ft 2 > mm. so
2
5 lots are okay
27-Answeres are B, B, D and B

By reading the scales in the direction specified, the above choices are read.
28-Answer is C
95
Since an EDM can only measure distance, the three points of A, B and C can be located by
measuring the lines' distances.
29-Answer is C
North
Due East
Inst. 2 FS 3
BS 1
Bearing 1 to 2 = 90 Measured angle = 90 -75 30' 10" = N 14 29' 50" W
30-Answer is D
North
BS
North
FS
75
S 55 E
Inst.
Bearing = Bearing from Instrument of BS Measured angle
= 75 55 = N 20 E
31-Answer is C
Area 1
A =A1+ A2 1/4 A circle

= 100ft x 70ft + 70ft x 30ft + 1/4 (3.14) 900ft2
= 9806.5 ft2
32-Answer is C
North
=
<C 180 Azimuth of CB + Bearing of CD
0
= 180 98 +54 =136
33-Answer is C
No. of Measurements x Initial Reading
No. of Comkte revolution
360
6 (80 30'15")
1.34 no. of full revolution
360
Accumulated Reading = (No. of full revolutions) x 360 + Final Reading
Accumulated Reading = 1 x 360 + 123 04' 30" = 483 04' 30"
Accumulated Reading
Avg. Reading
No. of Measurements
483 04' 30"
80 30' 45"
6
34-Answer is A
Azimuth = 180 Bearing
0
= 180 - 67 30'
= 112 30'
35-Answer is A
1 unit
H=?
1 1
H =
tan 1' 3,400
36- Answer is C
Bearing OB = S 80 E
Dept OA = L sin (direction of OA)
= 100ft sin 40 = 64.28 ft
97
Chapter 3- Solutions to Angular Measurements and Traversing
Lat OA = L cos (direction of OA)

= 100ft cos 40 = 76.60ft
Dept og = 110ft sin 80= 108.33 ft
Lat og = 110ft cos 80 = -19.10 ft
Net Dept A to = 108.33ft- 64.28ft = 44.05 ft
Net Lat A to B = 76.60 + 19.10 = 95.70'
LAB= V(Dept AB ) 2 + (Lat AB)2
= V(44.05ft) 2 + (95.70ft) 2 = 105.35 ft
37-Answer is A
Dept = tan _ i 44.05ft _
-
Bearing BA = tan, N 24 43' W
Lat 95.70ft
38-Answer is A
FS Az Dist Dept--Lsin (azimuth) Lat-Lcos(azimuth)
3 225 11' 01" 85.00ft -60.30ft -59.91ft
5 188 19' 14" 142.44ft -20.61ft -140.94ft
6 228 40' 16" 153.08ft -114.95ft -101.09ft
De t 2
L3 to 6 = V( P 3w6) + ( 1'43 to 6 )2
= V(114.95ft - 60.30ft) 2
(101.09ft - 59.911) 2 = 68.43ft
39-Answer is D
Dept = tan _i 114.95ft - 60.30ft _
Bearing = tan-1 S 53 00' 04" W
Lat 101.09ft - 59.91ft
Azimuth = 180 + Bearing
= 180 + 53 00' 04" = 233
40-Answer is B
<A=90
<B=30
<C=60
378ft
A Street, N 65 E
98
0 15fi
Sin 60 X1= 17.32ft
xI
20ft
Tan 60 X2 = 11.55ft
X2
Length along "A" St. = 378ft 10ft 17.32ft 11.55ft = 339.13ft
B'
A'
A'C' = 339.13ft
0
B'A' = 339.13ft tan 60 = 587.39ft
A = 0.5 (339.13ft x 587.39ft) = 99,601 ft2
41-Answer is D
All the statements given are correct.
42-Answer is B
X
15
X 55.98'
tan 15
L = 500ft 15ft 55.98ft *L,,___
129=71
30 0+2 = 15
429.02' - T
T=R
R = (429.02ft R) tan 15 0= 90.7ft
Diameter = 2xR = 2 x 90.7ft = 181.411
99
43-Answer is C
To prolong a straight line (tangent line), the line is first extended with the scope being in the
direct mode, and then the line is extended with the scope in the reverse mode.
44-Answer is A
North
<A = Bearing of Melon street Bearing of Pear street

0
= 78 18 = 60
<B = 180 bearing of Melon street Bearing of water line
= 180 78 42 = 60
<C =Bearing of Water Line + Bearing of Pear Street
= 42 + 18=60
DBA 42730ft 39290ft = 3440 ft
0
sin 60 sin 60
Law of sins X 3440ft
3440fi X
Station on Pear St. = 8600 + 3440 = 12040 or 120 +40
45-Answer is B
Check the bottom left corner angle:
Melon St., N 78 W
<? = 180 78 12 = 90
The bottom right angle from previous problem was determined to be 60
100

The geometry of this lot is a trapezoid. So the area is

Apple Street Length + Melon Street Length )
A=0.75 * Length of Orange Street
2
0.75 115700ft +13980ft
Anet -2 2980ft= 761.418 acres
ft t 2
43560
acre
46-Answer is D
Apple St
2,020 ft
a)
c 13,980 ft
0
Melon St.
15,700 ft - 13,980 ft=1,720 ft
1720fi X
From similar triangles: ; X = 1165.9 111
2980ft 2020ft
Finished grade elev. = initial elevation + grade x Length
= 502.9811 + 0.0125 (13980ft + 1165.9111) = 692.3011
788.15ft 631.75ft
Grade of Pear St. = x100% = x100% = 4.55%
run 3440ft
Elev. at 97+07.50 on Pear St. = 788.15ft 4.55 (120.4011 97.07511) = 682.02ft
Grading instruction = Finished Grade Original Grade
= 692.3011 682.02ft = F 10.311
47-Answer is A
X
Melon St.
Y = X tan 60
1 xy
Area =
2
101
1
5 x 43560&/acre = X (X tan 600)
2
X = 501.5 ft
48-Answer is B
The bubble follows the direction of the left thumb.
49-Answer is A
The bubble follows the direction of the left thumb.
50-The answer is D
Since the bubble is level in the "X" direction, knob "C" must only be turned clockwise to level
the bubble in the "Y" direction.
51-Answer is D
Since the bubble is level in the "X" direction, knob "C" must only be turned counterclockwise to
level the bubble in the "Y" direction.
52-Answer is C
This a rule of thumb used in the field to locate possible blunder. Draw a perpendicular line from
the midpoint of the line connecting points A and A', and see to what angle it points to. That is
where the bad reading is taken.
53-Answer is C
The direction of the closing line (Line A'A) is almost parallel to one of the polygons' lines. That
is where the distance blunder has taken place.
54-Answer is A
Sum of deflection Angles = 360
135 43' + 92 14' + 86 7' + 132 26' = 446 30'

0
Deflection angle at E = 446 30' 360 = 86 30' L
55-Answer is B
Proposal "B" will cut three trees while proposal "A" would cut 5 trees.
ow
800 -,
Fe 1
---- . i
' L .. . .? PP94
- . . . 11 ..... t.. ..... ,..
. .. L .
tieilites 'Pe& .
; "B" '
700 :
. . . .. 1. ...a . -
. .
600 . 1
., . .
..... . - .. . -
.
cm 500 . *. -
:E
t 400 a 1
.
a
.
.
r g r- r .. I No ti. e.
Z300
g 1 =I 1 7....4*
X . 9 :
.. X 4
" e-
200
100 A - -. .
.. . .. Propos* "Ai
1. .
. . . r :
.
0
. s
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Easting
56-Answer is D
A
=
(R2 r2)
it
2 2
= 7C (R ( R (10ft)2)
2 2
= 7t ( R - R +100ft2)
= 314 112
57-Answer is B
In this case, an equilateral triangle provides the strongest solution. Offset method is okay, but
short distances tend to influence the accuracy of measurements.
58-Answer is C
In this case a random line traverse may be the ideal method. The offset method can
provide weak solution. Equilateral triangle would be preferable if one can be
constructed.
59- Answer is C
103
And=A4 + A3, and

A3 =Atriangle Asectors
1
The formed triangle is an equilateral triangle. Therefore, A tiangie =BH
2
I-1=80 sin 600
=
69.28 ft
1
Atriangie= - (69.28ft)(80ft)
2
=
2771.28 ft2
60 132
Asector 1N.
360
60
A se. TE (30f)2
360
=471.24ft2
A
300
4 TE (50f)2
360
A4 =6545 ft2
ket=6545 ft 2 + 2771.28 ft2 2(471.24 ft2)
=
8374 ft2
104
Chapter 4 Solutions to Error Analysis
1-Answer is D
All given choices for random errors are true.
2-Answer is B
Systematic errors are caused by the measuring systems (for example: incorrect tape length), and
the errors tend to accumulate.
3-Answer is A
E: X = x, +x2 + x,
E: X = 249.71ft + 250.06ft + 249.86ft = 749.63 ft
E: X
3
749.63
X- 249.88'
3
Dist. Residual; r = (X - Tc) r2
(ft2)
(ft) (ft)
1 249.71 -0.17 0.029
2 250.06 +0.18 0.032
3 249.86 -0.02 0.0004
E = 749.63 E r2 = 0.0617
2
E1 110.0617 _
SE = 1.1 + 0.176 ft
In-1
1 2
4-Answer is C
SE 0.18fi
SEmean 0.10ft
5-Answer is A
The probable error is the 50% error.

E50 = 0.6745 (SE) = 0.6745 (0.18FT) 0.12 ft
6-Answer is D
Error of a sum = 2
VE 2 2 2
1 + E 2 = 1/(0.01ft) + (0.008ft) = 0.013 ft
= 101.380ft+ 87.200ft = 188.580 ft 0.013 ft
7-Answer is C
Distance
n
Tape Length
700ft
ft
100
tape
105
Chapter 4 Solutions to Error Analysis and Distribution
n= 7 times the tape is used.

E = E VT1- = 0.02 VT ' = 0.05 ft
8-Answer is B
Error in Area, Error in Product = A 2 E /23 + B 2 E2A
= 11(250 ft) 2 (0.02 ft) 2 + (100ft) 2 (0.04fi) 2 = 6.40 ft2

Area = 25,000fI2 6.40 ft2
9-Answer is C
The term precision and accuracy do not mean the same thing. The compass rule does not assume
the angular measurements are more accurate than distance measurements. The sum of the
external angles of any polygon = (n =2) x 180
10-Answer is A
Per Federal Geodetic Control Subconunittee(FGCS), max. section
misclosure = 8 .15 - = 8 /3 = 13.86 mm
11-Answer is B
Requirements set forth by Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee (FGCS) for Horizontal
Control survey.
12-Answer is C
In error analysis, the systematic errors are not included.
13-Answer is B
Requirements set forth by Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee (FGCS) for Horizontal
Control survey.
14-Answer is A
Relative accuracy in between two 1 order horizontal control points per FGCS is 1: 100,000.
Dist. 1
50,000m 100,000
Dist. = 0.5 m = 50 cm
15-Answer is D
The error is known as a constant error.
16-Answer is B
The small difference between the measurements is the result of random/accidental error.
Chapter 5 Solutions to Topographic Survey and Mapping
1-Answer is D
Ground Distance =Scale x Map Distance
200ft 3 .
x 1n
lin 8
=
75 ft
g = rise/run
10fi
x 100% = 13.33%
75fi
2-Answer is C
USGS is the regulating federal agency.
3-Answer is A
The most common topographic map scale is 1:24,000.
4-Answer is A
The standard coverage of a USGS topographic map is 7 Y2 minutes coverage in both latitude and
longitude.
5-Answer is A
Large scales are considered to be anything larger than 1"=100'
6-Answer is B
available width = Width 2 x border
= 181n - 2(1 in) = 16 in
available length = Length -2 x border'
= 24in 2 x(lin) = 22in
AX=Max mm = 774.25ft Oft = 774.25 ft ri
AY= Max Mm = 225.60ft ( 5.57ft) =836.60ft
Place the AY in the longer side and calculate the grade
AY 830.6fi
Scale 37.75 ft/in use lin=40ft
22in 22in
Now check the shorter side
Ax 774.25fi
Needed size 19.35 in > 18 M, not okay
scale fr
40
in
Try 1" =50', and check the y-direction
774.25fi
15.48" < 16" okay
5 ft
in
7-Answer is C
None of the given choices. The new scale is 1"=200'
8-Answer is A
Contour lines crossing streams forms V's that point upstream.
9-Answer is A
107
Area=map's area x scale

4611V 2
= o in' x (50000in)2 1ft 1 mile 2
X X
2 2
(lin) 144in (5280ft)2
= 6.23 square miles
10-Answer is B
The best map to request is a topographic map. It contains all the manmade and natural features.
11-Answer is C
CI 10ft
Map Dist = 4 0.4 in
scale x grade
0.05x500221
in
12-Answer is B
Available width = Width 2(Border)
= 24in 2(lin)= 22 in
Side = 1.7
47
va
A.2
j
= \I
1.25acre x 43560 233.35 ft
acre
side
Scale
available width
233.35 ft ft
=10.61 say 1 :200
22 in in
13-Answer is B
The highest elevation on the topographic map is at least 150 ft.
14-Answer is B
The lowest elevation on the topographic map is at most equal to 50 ft.
15-Answer is A
Based on 1" = 50', a line connecting all the contours at the center is about 113'.
Based on 1" = 80', a line connecting all the contours at the center is about 146'.
Level pad at "A" = 113ft AV x (Cut Slope)

= 113ft (15ft-10ft)(2 ft/1 ft) = 103 ft
Level pad at "B" = 146ft AV x (Cut Slope)
= 146ft (50ft 10ft) (2 ft/1 ft) = 66 ft
16-Answer is C
Total Length = 5 miles x 5280 ft/mile = 26400 ft
Available length = Length borders
= 24in 0.5in 0.5in = 23 inch
Max plot on each sheet = Available length x Scale
= 23 inch x 50 ft per inch = 1,150 ft per sheet
Total Length
Total No. of sheets
each sheet
26,400 ft
22.96 say 23 sheets
1,150
sheet
17-Answers are C and D

Part I Contour Elevation
A X
X + 10
X + 20
X + 30
X + 33
The horizontal distance from any point on contour "A" to point "E" using a scale of 1" = 40' is
about 80 ft
E
AY =?
80 feet
Based on a slope of 1V: 5H, AY = 16 ft or X + 16 ( closer to "C") (ans. to 1 5` part)
Part 11 Area =1/41I D2

The diameters of contours C and D based on the given scale are 80 ft and 40 ft respectively.
1
Area of contour "C" = fl (80ft)2 = 5,027 /1'2
4
1
Area of contour "D" = (4011)2 = 1,257112
4
1
Volume = h (A c + AD + 11,4c AD ) =
3
1
= (loft) (5027)/ 2 +1257 .f
i 2 + 115027 .fi 2 x 1257 ./1 2 ) = 29,326 ft3
3
plus the volume of cone from Contour D to E = 1/3 Area D x CI
1
= (3ft)(1257ft2 ) = 1,257 ft3
3
1257ft 3 + 29326./13
Total volume 1,133 cubic yards
3
27
cY
1d
(ans. to 2 ' part)
109
18-Answer is A
Based on the given scale, the measurements of the sides along contour "C" are 47ft, 47ft and 43ft
42'
43'
Area = 1/2 (baseXheight)
1
= (43ft)(42ft) = 903 ft2
2
Volume = 1/3 Abase x CI
Icy
1
= (903 112 )(10ftX ) 115 cubic yards
3 27fi 3
19-Answe is D
Old Scale
Distance = Map Distance x
New Scale
480
= 5in x 24 in
100
20-Answer is C
Distance = Original Distance x Magnifying Ratio
= 5in x 6 = 30 inches
21-Answer is D
The trigonometric leveling provides the most economical method for obtaining vertical control
data. Although differential leveling provides more accurate results, it is seldom used in
developing vertical control for a topographic map.
22-Answer is A
By interpolation the elevations at each corner are obtained.
Corner elev.
SE 97
grade = 0.15 ft per ft
NE 82
SW 82
grade = 0.15 ft per ft
NW 67
From the southeast corner (elev. 97) to flood level elevation of 90 ft, estimate the horizontal
distance.
Elev. Diff. =97ft 90ft = 7 ft
Elev. Diff .
X
grade
7 ft
47 ft
ft
0.15
ft
Flooded area = The whole lot dry area
47fi x 47fi 1 acre
= (100ft x 100ft ) x 0.2 acres
2 43560 ft
23-Answer is B
The grid method for a small area and with fairly uniform slope is a practical way to collect
vertical data.
24-Answer is B
Control has to be established before mapping. Then staking is provided for construction,
followed by as-built plans.
25-Answer is B
The engineering map has the larger scale of the two.
26-Answer is D
The USGS topographic map is a good source for collecting different types of data. It shows all
man made and natural features of the mapped area.
27-Answer is A
The best way is to do the map enlargement.
28-The answer is B
According to USGS map symbols; the feature represents a road going through a tunnel.
29-Answer is A
When contour lines are very close to each other, they represent steep slope.
30-Answer is C
The horizontal distance is inversely proportional to the slope of the ground (i.e. g=V/H)
31-Answer is A
The ratio carries no unit (or the same units), so one inch on the map = 25,000 inches on the
ground.
32-Answer is B
The contour interval may be determined by dividing the difference between the contour indexes
by five.
33-Answer is D
A point on a USGS map may be located by its latitude and longitude, and by its Universal
Transverse Mercator Coordinates. Choice ifi is used to locate a parcel of land.
34-Answer is C
Connecting spot elevations 105ft and 109ft and dividing the line by 4, one can interpolate the
elevation at point B as 105.5ft.
111
105
100'
X X
"A" Sta 25+00

FG Elev. 101.2 ft
35-Answer is A
Finished Grade elevation at B = Initial elevation + grade x L

= 101.211 + 2.9(1.5 sta) = 105.6 ft
Earthwork = OG PG
= 105.5ft 105.611 = F-Q2 , close to zero, or day light
Chapter 6 Solutions to Highway Curves and Volumes
1-Answer is B.
By increasing the tangent distance, the curve opens up and provides more clearance to the tower.
2-Answer is D
L=EC sta -
= (29.25sta 28.2931sta) x 100ft/sta = 95.69 ft
POC sta BCsta
= (29.00sta 28.2931sta) x 100ft/sta = 70.69ft
L 180*
1 x
R
95.69fi 180
x 18 16' 32"
300fi
Def. Angle x1
2xL
1816' 32"
x 70.69ft = 6 45' 02"
2 x 95.69fi
3-Answer is D
The angle needed to hit the radius point from PI is 90 degrees.
4-Answer is C
The clockwise angle is the deflection angle measured from BC to the mid point (point of
tangency) plus 90 degrees more
5-Answer is C
The perpendicular bisector passes through the radius point and the PI.
6-Answers are C, B, B, B, and C
Tabulate the deflection an g les to the various points on the curve

Point Sub-length=P0C-BC Sub Central Angle Deflection Angle
1/81: 1/8L 1/8 A 1/16,
1/2 L 'AL IA A 1/4 A
%L 3/4L
3/4 A 3/8A(.1
L L 'A A
Tabulate the Instrument location, BS and FS

Instrument BS FS Deflection Angles from above table
Mid Point=1/2 L PC PT Y2 A; (ans to part I)
Mid Point=1/2 L PC %L 3/8A;(ans. To part II)
1/8 L PC %L 3/8A; (ans. To part III)
1/2 L 1/8L %L 3/8A; (ans. To part IV)
1/2 L 1/8L %L (318) A (1/16) A= 5/16 A; (Ans to
Partin
113
7-Answer is D
Decreasing the radius results in a sharper curve, which shortens the tangent distance (creates
more clearance to the tower).
8-Answer is A
L=EC sta - BCsta
= (29.25sta 28.2931sta) x 100 ft/sta = 95.69'
L 180o
x
R
95.69ft 180*
x 18 16' 32"
300fi n
I
Def. Angle to mid point= --
4
1816' 32"
4 34' 08"
4
9-Answer is B
y L

Da
0
24 30' 45" 100fi
0 x 817.08 ft
sta
3
sta
10-Answer is A
CL
Original R=
2(sin )
2
600ft
366.22 ft
110
2(stn )
2
Original Tangent-- R tan I
= 366.22ft tan 55 = 523.03'
back PL X PI old
tangent line
110
5fi
5.32 ft
cos 20
Lew= original Tangent x
114
= 523.03ft 5.32ft = 517.71ft
new
tan
2
517.71ft
11e, =362.50 ft
110*
tan
2
11-Answer is C
L= 100 ft( )
D
/
65*
=100ft 0 1300 ft
5
sta
L 180*
R x
I ll
1300fi 180*
x 1145.9211
65 11
Toid =T x R tan (I/2)
= 1145.9211 tan 32.5 = 730.03 ft
120fi
X 132.41ft
sin 65
= Lid+ X
= 730.03ft + 132.4111 = 862.4411

new
'new
tan
2
862.44fi
1353.76 ft
650
tan
2
115
12-Answer is B
13-Answer is A
1
Area = h (Li L2)
2
180
L= RI x
Ii
*
L 1 = 600ft 60 11=628.32 ft
180
60
L2 = 620 (-) = 649.26'
180
1
Area = -- + 649.26ft) = 12,776 ft2
2
14-Answer is C
5729.58
R
5729.58
5.50 1041.74ft
L 180
I= x = 4 07' 30"
R
75ft 180*
1041.74fi
LC= 2R sin (112)
4 07' 30"
= 2 (1041.74ft) sin 74.98 ft
2
15-Answer is A
Area= TR - L
2
T=R tan (112)
= 2500ft tan 4 = 174.82f t
L= R./ x 77
180*
=
2500ft x 8 x 349.07 ft
180*
2500ft
Area = 174.82ft (2500ft) - (349.07ft) = 712 ft2
2
16-Answer is B
E=32ft + 8ft= 40ft
R-
1
1
cos
2
40 F7'
3187.45 FT
1
1
18 03'36"
cos
2
Center Line Radius=R 25ft
=
3187.45ft 25ft = 3162.5ft
17-Answer is B
L= RI x
180
77
=
1500 ft (18 35' 25") 486.69 ft
180
T=R tan (112)
=1500ft tan
1835'25"
" 245.40 ft 245 S
2
BC=Pa Tsia = 28.8950 = 28 + 89.50
=31.35sta 2.4540 sta x 100 ft / sta = 28.8950 sta
t POC sta - BCsta
=
=
(30.75sta 28.8950sta)x 100ft/sta = 185.50'
117
Deflection Angle = x 1
2xL
18 35' 25"
x 185.50ft = 3 32' 34"
2 x 486.69ft
18-Answer is B
40'
40'
R=40'
/
' / /- -T
C/\ /I
40' ' I Point "A"

___,_/20_ V / I
X i X2
40'
Sta 12+66
40fi
X1 = 46.19 ft = 0.4619 sta
sin 60
40ft
X2= 23.09 ft = 0.2309 sta

tan 60
=
T R tan (112)'
120
=
40ft tan = 69.28 ft
2
Station at A= 12.65 + X1+ X2
= 12.65sta + 0.4619sta + 23.09sta+69.28sta = 14.0356sta

= 14 + 03.56 sta
Another method: T=R tan = 138.56'

2
120*
=80ft tan 138.56 ft = 1.3856 sta
2
Station at A = 12.65 + 1.3856 = 14.0356 sta or 14 + 03.56
19-Answer is B
R
Area = L
2
L= RI x
1800
=
60ft x 60 x 62.83ft
180*
Area =(60ft/2) x 62.83ft = 1,885 ft2
20-Answers are A, A, A
13C sti= PI sta Ti
BC= 102.00sta 12.96sta = 89.04 or 89 + 04

=
T2 2150 T1
= 2150ft 12.96sta x 100ft/sta = 854 ft
R I =T (tan (I/2))
1296fi
2,226 ft
60025'
tan
2
L1=RIx .
180
0
=2226ft x 60 25' x = 2,347.25 ft
180
R2
tan
2
854fi
2,224.75 ft, (ans. to 1 st part)
tan (42 / 2)
t PRCA.=BCsta + L
iThV\ Lfl
o =89.04sta + 2347.25ft x 1 sta per 100 ft = 11.251.25
aCk
cr1_6 c) or 112 + 51.25 sta, (ans. To 2 nd part)
Deflection angle to mid point of the curve=
4
60 25' 0
15 06' 15", (Ans. To 3' d part)
4
21-Answers are B, and C
119
BC
d=sin-
400' _ 34. 51,

700'
C17.700 (1 cos d)
=
700ft (1 cos 34 51') = 125.54 ft, (ans. to 1 st part)
1
Area of triangle = base x height
2
1
= (400ftX125.54ft) = 25108 sq ft
2
L=RI 180*
=700ft (34 51') 425.77 ft

180*
Area bounded by the arc and the chord:
R
R 2 (sin I)
A= (L)
2 2
700fi 7002 (sin 3451')
(425.77fi) 9019.17 sq ft
2 2
Net Area =25108& 9019.17& = 16089 ft 2 , (ans. to 2 nd part)
22-Answers are D, D, and D

H' =662.30 + gX
=662.30ft + (56.00sta 38.00staX2.4%) = 705.50'
H'P
x-
g
i -82
705.50fi 664.30fi
7.36 stations back to PVI
2.4% (-3.2%)
BVC sta = 56.00 X
=
56sta 7.36sta 4sta = 44.64 or 44 + 64, (ans. to I st part)
EVC sta=BVC sta + L
=44.64sta + 8sta = 52.64sta or 52 + 64, (ans. to 2 nd part)
Chapter 6- Solutions to Highway Curves and Volumes
giL
g
] g2
2.4%(8sta)
)(Hp - - 3.43 stations from BC
2.4% -(-3.4%)
or at 44.64 + 3.43 = 48.07 or 48 + 07, (ans. to 3 rd p[art)
Y
IP 'Y bvc giX + jX2
2
(- 3.2% - (2.4%) )
= 662.3011 + 2.4%(6.64sta) + 2.4%(3.43sta) + (3.43sta)2= 682.35 ft,
2(8sta)
(Ans. to 3 1"d part)
23-Answers are B and B

=
Ag lg i - g21
=1-4%-45%1 = 8.5%
Tangent elevation at 108+90 = Ypv1 + gx
=970.411 + (110.5sta-108.9sta)(4%/100) = 976.8011
Underpass offset - Fixed point - YTangent
=1014ft - 2ft - 17ft - 976.8ft = 18.2 ft
2
2(offset)j + 4 A(offset) +(offset)
L=2 A +
Ag Ag
2(18 2fi)) 11.6%0 8.2ft) 118.2ft )2

4. 41
=2 11.6% + -
8.5% 8.5% 8.5% )
= 23.09 say 23 stations, (ans. to 1 st part)
overpass offset = Ynxed point - YTangent

overpass offset = 1014ft + 6ft - 976.80ft = 43.20 ft
. 2ft )2
2(43.2ft)) + 4 1.6%(43.2fi) (43
L= 2 (1.6% +
8.55% ) 8.5% 8.5% )
= 46.84stations, say 47 stations, (ans. To 2' part)
24-Answer is B
Y -Y
BVC PVI + gix
=
465.92ft + 1.5sta(3.2%/100) = 470.72 ft
X=X
30+80 XBVC
=
30.8sta - (30.3sta - 1.5sta)
=2 sta
Y -Y
r
30+80 BVC + gix + (---)kx)2
2
r
467.66ft= 470.72ft + (-3.2%)(2sta) + (- )(2sta)2
2
2 - (-
2r = 3.34')/o/sta r = 1.67%/sta - g 3.2%)- 1.67
3sta
121
g2 = 1.81%
25-Answer is A
=Y
Y6+75 pipe +clearance
=
36.2ft + 3ft = 39.20ft
Tangent elevation at 6+75 =Ypvi + g2X
=34.23ft + 4.2%(6.75sta - 6.45sta)
=35.49 ft
=
Offset Y6+ 75 Ytangent
=
39.20ft - 35.49ft = 3.71ft
Ag= I gi - g21
= I -1.6% -4.2% I = 5.8%
7-
A --X6i 75 - Xpvi
A=6.75sta - 6.45sta =0.3 sta
2
L.2 + 2(offset) + 41IA(offset) +(o ffset)
Ag J Ag Ag
0.3sta(3 .71ft) (3.71ft 2
= 2(3
L 2 (0.3sta + .71fi)J + 4 +
5.8% 5.8% 5.8%J
=6.2597 stations, say 6.50 stations = 650 ft
XB vc= Xpw - L
=6.45sta -3.25sta = 3.2sta or 3 +20
26-Answers are A, and C
- (-2.6%) 2.6%
X- - 3sta - r=
3sta
g2 -
r=
2.6% 3.4% - (-2.6%) _

3sta
L=6.92 stations (ans. to 1 st part)
=
XBvC Xpvi L
=
X8 vc 12.63 sta - Y2(6.92 sta)
=
9.17 sta and
=
X X 12+00 XBVC
=12sta - 9.17sta = 2.83sta
dy =g
i rx
dx
dy (3.4% - (-2.6%)
=-2.6% + (2.83sta)
dx 6.92sta
= -0.15% (ans. to 2 nd part)

dx
27-Answer is D
122
g2g1
111pre-sent )L
8
( 4% (+4%0) sta =6ft
m
present 6
8
Inproposed mp,sent
=
2.5ft
=6ft +2.5ft = 8.5ft
8.5ft ( 4% (4-4%) ) Lproposed

8
Lpmposed = 8.5 stations or 850 ft
28-Answer is C
Y
inrcvi gix
=-Yp
=
853.48t 3%(3sta) = 844.48ft
Xavc=Xpvi 1/2L
=46.7sta 1/2(6tsta)
=43.70 or 43 +70
g2 g I
2.4% 3%
0.9 % per station
6sta
0.9
) 2
849 = 844.48 + 3X + 00
2
X2 6.67X +10.04 = 0
b 11b 2 4ac
2a
(-6.67 sta) 1:1(-6.67 sta) 2 4(lsta)(10.64sta)
2(1sta)
Xmax=4.375 and Xmin = 2.295
MaX
Stattons =X BVC XMax

43.70sta + 4.375sta = 48.075sta or 48+07.5
Min =X
Stafions Bvc Xmm

43.70sta + 2.295sta = 45.995sta or 45+99.50
) 29-Answer is D
4-
(41'
63+00 @ Fleiev.=?
elev. 905ft sta. 66+00
PVI
Y =Y
lf 63+00 4- gX
123
=905ft + 0.5%(66sta 63sta) = 906.5ft

YP'=Y63+00
Yr=905ft 1%(3sta) = 902ft
X=' P 1.29 stations PVI = 64 + 71

g2
906.5 ft 902ft
1.29 sta
2.5% (-1%)
Xpv1=Xx X
=
66.00sta 1.29sta = 64.71sta or 64+71
30-Answer is C
=
L XEVC XBVC
=15 9 = 6 stations
=Yp
Ysvc - vi gix
= 100ft 3%(3sta) = 91 ft
r- g2 gl
- 4% 3% 7
% per station
6sta 6
X=X 13+50 XBvc= 4.5 stations
X=13.5 9.0= 4.5 stations
Y =Y
r
13+50 BVC + gix + ()(x)-
2
7% ) 2
=91ft + 3%(4.5sta) + (4.5sta) = 92.69 ft
2(6sta)
Y =Y gX
top of the curb 13+50 1ft
=92.69ft 2%(0.3sta) + lft = 93.09 ft
31-Answer is B
Since the cross-sectional area at station 1+00 is insignificant compared to station 2+00, the
pyramid method is used to calculate the volume.
1
V=- AL
3
1
1 cy
= x1500ft 2 x100ftx 1,852 cy
3 27ft 3
32-Answer is C
Based on the properties of a parabola:
Y =
mid-chord 1/2 (YBVC + YEVC)
1/2 (844.48 ft + 846.28) = 845.38ft
=
Y =1/2 Y
rrod-curve ( PVI + Ymid-chord)
=1/2 (845.38ft + 853.48ft) = 849.43'
33-Answer is A
Point X Double Area (ft)

ft ft
B 0 4.2
C 36.8 2 0 154.6
D 71.2 3.6 132.5 142.4
E 56.8 0 0 204.5
A 16.8 0 0 0
B 0 4.2 70.6 0
Net Area = 149.2 ft2
49 + 00
sta 49+00
cut 3
cut 2.4
cut 0
42
q 6
2 oq,6
Point X Double Area (ft2)

(ft) (fl
B 0 2.4
C 29.6 3 0 71
D 49.6 0 0 148.8
A 9.6 0 0 0
B 0 2.4 23 0
Net Area = 98.4 ft2
V=1/2 (A48+00 + A49,00 ) x L
1 icy
= x(149.2ft 2 + 98.4ft 2 )7c100ft x 459 cy
2 27ft 3
34-Answer is B
C129-
C7
lift lift
Based on the cross-sectional notes, the run from A to B = 24.1ft lift = 13.1ft,
And the rise from point A to point B is 13.1ft Oft= 13.1 ft. So the slope is 1 : 1
35-Answers are C, D, and B
16 10ft
Z I( )1
i
1.5
HL
Rap
HR
Yg = 0 and
YA= Oft + gx
=
0+ 0.2(12ft)= 2.4ft
Lines ALcp and BLcp converge at Lcp, SO
V
HL=
g
2.4fi
HL= 3 ft
1 -0.2
Distance to Lcp from the center line=3ft+ lift =14 ft, (ans. to 1 st part)
Y =
D0 and
Yc=0ft -gx
-0.2x 10 ft=-2 ft
Lines DRcp and CRcp converge at Rep, so
2fi
HR 4.3 ft or 15.3' from the center line
0.6667 0.2
Distance to RCP from the center line = 4.3ft + Ilft = 15.3 ft, (ans. to 2ndpart)
A c.= 1/2 BU
1
(12ft)(3ft) = 18 ft2
2
V=1/2 (Aavg)
126
1 cy
= 2
18ft x 100ft x 3 67 cy, (ans. to 3 rd part)
27ft
36-Answer is A
Elev.= 104.5'
Elev. 100'
400'
200'
V=1/2 (LWH)
icy3 6,667ccy
V=400ft x 200ftx (104.5ft 100ft) x
2 x 27ft
37-Answer is C NW
2'
100'
BLDG Plan View
50'
3' 15"
1/2
Volume of above trapezoid = (W 1 + W2 ) xHxD
= 1/2 (5ft + 3ft) x 100ft x 15 in / 12 ft= 500 ft3
5' 15"
Volume of above trapezoid = 1/2 (6ft + 5ft) x 50ft x 15 in/ 12ft--343.75 ft3
eY
Total Volume =(500 ft 3 +343.75 ft3 ) x 31.25 cy
27ft3
38-Answers are B and C

Station OG FG Cut/Fill
10 + 00 110 115 F5
11 + 00 120 120 0
12 + 00 130 130 0
13 + 00 135 120 C15
Limit of excavation is from station 12+00 to station 13+00.

Cross-sectional area at station 12+00 is zero. However, the cross-sectional area at station 13+00
based on maximum cut of 15ft is found by examining the typical trapezoidal cross-section in cut.
A=1/2 (W1 + W2) x H
127
=
'/2 x (50ft + 80ft) x 15ft = 975 ft2
V p . d=1/3 x AL
975ft 2 x100ft x lcy _
1,204 cy
3 27ft3
Cost= 1204cy x 15 $/cy= $18,060 (ans. 1" part)
Limit of fill is from station 10+00 to station 11+00.

Cross-sectional area at station 11+00 is zero. However, the cross-sectional area at station 10+00
based on maximum fill of 5ft is found by examining the typical trapezoidal cross-section in fill.
A= 1/2 x (50ft + 60ft) x 5ft= 275 ft2

275ft 2 x100ft Icy3
V d= X 339.5 cy
3 27 ft
Cost= 339.5cy x 20$/cy= $6,790 (ans. to ripart)
39-Answers are A and D
The limit of cut is from station 2+50 to 6+00. Based on the similar rectangular cross-sections in
cut and fill, the area bounded by the OG and FG lines on the profile is computed, followed by the
volume calculation. Note the cube shape of the cross-section.
V= 1/2 (LHW)
lcy
V=1/2 x (600ft - 250ft) x (25ft-20ft) x 30ft x 972.22 cy (ans. to 1' part)
27ft 3
Using the average end area method to estimate the volume.
Ai+00=HW
--(20ft 17.5ft) x 30ft =75 ft2
A2 ,00=(20ft 15ft)(30) =150 ft2
V e=1/2 x (Ai+0000 + A 2+00) x L
lcy
=1/2 (75ft2 + 150&)x 100ft =417 cy (ans. to 2 I'd part)
27ft 3
40-Answer is D
A=1/2 (BH)
A= - 1
x (11ft x (13ft-10ft))= 16.5 ft2
2
Volume between two full stations:
16.5ft 2 +16.5ft2 Icy
V e x10011 x 61 cy
2 27ft3
41-Answer is C
4% 20'
X=?
V=gX
128
20f1=4X
X= 5 sta = 500 ft
36'
2H : 1V.(typ)
116'
A= 1/2 x(W I +W2)xH

=
1/2 x (36ft + 116ft) x 20ft =1,520&
Vimmmd= 1/3 x (AX)
= icy
1/3 (1520 ft2 x 500ft) 9,383 cy
27fi3
42-Answer is B
The ordinate of a mass diagram represents the cumulative algebraic sums of volumes of earth
removed.
43-Answers are A, C, A, A, and B
Analysis of the mass diagram from the beginning to the end shows an "excess" of materials.
(ans. to l g part)
There are 1000 cy of excess materials that can be used to build an embankment of 1000 cy.
(ans. to rd part)
Knowing that the shrinkage factor is included in the development of the mass diagram, one can
estimate the actual undisturbed volume by the following formula:
V umkgmbed =Excess x (Shrinkage Factor)

=
1000cy x 1.3 = 1300 cy (ans. to 3 rd part)
By placing the balance line at 1000cy, the entire earthwork above and below the balance line is
balanced.
Limit Balanced?
Cut from 6+00 to 8+00 Fill from 8+00 to 13+00 Yes

Cut from 0+00 to 1+00 Excess No.
So the excess is located from 0+00 to 1+00 (ans. to 4 th part)
By placing the balance line at 0 cy, the net volume of 1000cy obtained from stations 0+00 and
1+00 has to be hauled to make the embankment from stations 6+00 to 6+50. Furthermore, the
other net volume of 1000 cy obtained from stations 12+00 to 12+50 has to be transported to
stations 6+50 to 7+00 to make the fill. So the average overhaul is computed by the following
method.
129
Limit Min. Haul Max. Haul Ave. Total Haul

0+00 to 6+50 5 sta 6.5 sta 'A x (6.5sta + 5sta) = 5.75 sta
6+50 to 12+50 5 sta 6 sta 'A x (5sta + 6sta) = 5.5 sta
Avg. Overhau1=Net Unbalanced Volume x Shrinkage Factor (Average Total Haul - Free Haul)
=
1000cy x 1.3 x{(5.75sta - 5sta) + (5.5sta - 5sta))
=
1625 sta-yd
44-Answers are C, B, A, D, B, C, and D
Elevation at any station "x" along the vertical curve is obtained by

,r 2
Y =Y
x BVC + g ix + t. - -
2
r-= g2 gl
- 2.5% - 4.5%
- 1.41 % per station
5sta
Elevation at the back of the sidewalk at the driveway centerline it station 12+25 is located on the
vertical curve.
Y
12+25
=187.17ft
+ 4.5% x (12.25sta - 7.35sta) +x-1.4%(12.25sta - 7.35sta) 2 = 192.41ft
2 sta
Now transfer the elevation to the back of the sidewalk by analyzing the typical cross-section.
in 1 ft
Y
12+25 at back of the sidewalk
=192.41ft
+ 0.12ft + 0.25 - x 10 ft x -192.74ft (ans. to 1. st part)
ft 12in
The southeast (SE) property is located at station 13+20, which is outside the vertical curve.
Y
13+20 =YBVC + g 1 (0.5L) - g2x
=
187.17ft + 4.5% x (0.5 x 5sta) - 2.5% x (13.2sta - 9.85sta)= 190.05 ft
The centerline elevation is now transferred to the back of the sidewalk.

in 1 ft
Y
13+20 at back of the sid alk
=
190.05ft + 0.12ft + 0.25 - x 10 ft x - -190.38ft (ans. to 2 nd part)
ft 12in
The southwest (SW) property is located at station 11+90, which is on the vertical curve.
-1.4 %
1' 11+90 =187.17ft + 4.5% x (11.90sta- 7.35sta) + x (11.90sta - 7.35sta) = 193.15 ft
2 sta
lft
Y
l 1+90 at back of the sidewalk
=193.15ft
+ 0.12ft + 0.25 x 10 ft x -193.48ft (ans. to 3 rd part)
t 12in
f
In order to estimate the grade in between the building pad and point C, the elevation at station
12+25 is used to determine the elevation at point C by going around the drainage path.
Y
H=Y 12+25 at back of the sidewalk + gx
130
=192.74ft + 15%(0.25sta) =196.49ft
Y
D-Ytt gx
=196.49ft + 2%(0.30sta) =197.09ft
Y =Y
E D gx
=197.09ft + 1.25%(0.55sta) =197.78ft
Y =Y +
G u gx
=
196.49ft + 1%(0.90sta) =197.39ft
Y =Y
F G gX
=
YF 197.39ft+ 1.5%(0.55sta) =198.22ft
Distance form E to F= 1.3sta - 0.05sta - 0.05sta=1.2sta

Distance from E to C=X sta
Distance from C to F= 1.2sta - Xsta
Y =Y
C E 1.5X
Yc=197.78ft + 1.5X
Y =Y
F c - gx
198.22ft= 197.78ft + 1.5X -2%(1.2sta - X)
X= 0.81 station
Yc=197.78ft + 1.5%(0.81sta) =199.00ft

Grade=rise/run
200.00ft -199.00ft
x 100% = 4.00% (ans. to 4thpart)
25fi
Y =Y
A G Ift
=
197.39ft + lft =198.39ft
Distance from point A to toe of slope = 25ft - 5ft - lft =19ft
198.39ft -190.38ft 1
Grade - - or 2.37 : 1 (ans. to 5 th part)
19ft 2.37
The sewer lateral is located at station 12+67, which is outside the vertical curve. So the grade
elevation is needed.
Y - Y 0.51,
12+67 BVC g1( ) -g2x
= 187.17ft + 4.5% x (0.5 x 5sta)- 2.5% x (12.67sta - 9.85sta) = 191.37ft
in
=
Y12+6 7 191.37ft + 0.12ft + 0.25- x 10 ft x -191.70ft
ft 12in
Y Y
sewer at property tioe- invert gx
131
.196.50ft 30%(0.30sta 0.02sta) = 188.1ft

(10,
=
C lI t Y12+67 Y sewer at property line
=
191.70ft 188.10ft = 3.60ft (ans. to 6 th part)
YB =YF + lft
Ys = 198.22ft + lft = 199.22ft
AV =YB Yexistmg level ground

=
199.22ft 192ft =7.22ft
D=AV x Slope
L7.22ft x (2/1)=14.44ft
Distance from north property line to toe=25ft 14.44ft 5ft = 5.56ft (ans. to 7 th part)
45-Answer is A
The high point on a mass diagram indicates a change from cut to fill, while the low point
indicates a change from fill to cut.
46-Answer is A
The assumption with the vertical curve is that all the stationing along the curve are projected
down on to the x-axis. Therefore, distances are measured horizontally.
47-Answer is D
The station of BC is at least at 300+00 on Apple Street, while the station of EC can not be more
than 90+60 on Pear street. So compare the two tangents and take the smaller of the two.
Tangent on Apple St. =410.10sta 300.00sta=110 stations

Tangent on Pear St. = 120.40sta 90.60sta =29.80 stations
I=Direction of Apple Street Direction of Pear Street

=
78 18 = 60
Rmax
tan
2
29.80sta
51.6151 stations
60
tan
2
R.,=5161.51ft
48-Answeres are D and C

N 89 E
L 180*
11= x 77
R
150fi 180*
x 2129' (ans. to 1 st part)
400fi
Bearing of line A0= 180 89 90 = S 1 E
Bearing of line OB = Bearing of line OA +11

=
1 + 21 29'
=
N 22 29' W
<a=Bearing BD + Bearing BO
=16 + 22 29'
=38 29'
0
<D0B=180 - 90 - <a
=
180 - 90 - 38 29'
=
51 31'
Distance DO = R sin a
=
400ft x sin 38 29'
Distance DO=248.91ft
Distance PO =Distance DO +100ft

=248.91ft + 100ft
=348.91ft
= Distance PO
<POC cos "1
348.91fi
=cos 29 17'
400fi
<I= <DOB - <POC

=51 31' - 29 17'
=22 14'
133
L=RI
22 14'
=400ft x x =155ft (ans. to 2 nd part)
180
49-Answer is B
Y
tivc-=Ypyi + g i (0.5 L)
=
500ft +4% x (0.5 x 9sta)=518ft
X
g1L
low point
gl g2
4%(9sta)
=5.1429 stations
4% -- (+3%)
Y Y
gix +
gl ) x2
low Point BVC
2 L
(-4%) 2
=518ft 4%(5.1429sta)+ )(5.1429sta
1 2 x 9sta
=507.71ft
Largest Gap =Ysvc Y low point + 25ft
=
518ft 507.71ft + 25ft=35.29ft
50-Answer is A
There will not be a change in the location of the grades' intersection.
51-Answers are A and D
Volume of cut calculations:
From station 15+00 to 15+75 volume of cut: is

AL
V .d-=
3
1
icy
= x 550ft2 x 75ft x
3 27 ft3
=509.3cy
From station 15+75 to 16+50 volume of cut is
= A
Ve 1 /2(A15+75 16+50) L
I C))
Ve=1/2 x (550ft2 + 800ft2 ) x 75ft x
27 ft3
=1875cy
Total volume of cut=509.3cy + 1875cy=2384.3cy (ans. to PI part)
Volume of fill calculations
From station 15+00 to 15+75 volume of fill is

Ve= 1/2 x (870ft2 + 540fe) x 75ft x 1 eY

27 ft3
=1958.3cy
From station 15+75 to 16+50 volume of fill is

1 1 cy
V pyramid= x 540ft2 x 75ft x
3 27 .ft3
=500cy
Total volume of fill=1958.3cy + 500cy = 2458.3cy (ans. to 2 part)
52-Answer is C
1 square inch = 50' x 20'

=1000 ft2
A l = 6.05 in 2 x 1000 f12/in2

=6050 ft2
2
A2 = 4.58 in x 1000 ft2/in2
= 4580 ft2
Using average end area method to calculate volume
+ A2 L
Ve x
2 27
2
6050fi + 4580/12 100fi
x
2 27
=19,685 cy
53- Answer is D
Construct Di. No. 2 at 15'

Rt of centerline sta 33+65 1 6".. g
34+00
Centerline of Existing
Road Construct D.I. No. 1 at 8'
Lt. of centerline sta
(unknown)
Drawing not to Scale
135
=
D V100 2 77 2 =63.80 ft
BCsta= 33.65 0.6380 = 33.0120 sta = 33+01.2
54-
I) Answer is B
The Long chord of both curves = V(24) 2 (57.94) 2 =62.71'

24'
a = tati l 57.94 , =22.50. Therefore, the central angle is 2 x 22.50= 450.
11) Answer is A
38'
Median Island
R=3'
22'
7'
BC, Sta
55+65.45
24
sin 45 =
2T
T=17 ft
DI) Answer is C
R
tan
2
17ft
45e
tan
2
=41 ft
137
Chapter 7 Solutions to Construction Staking
1-Answer is A
In order to protect the construction stakes from the construction equipments, the stakes are set
outside the limits of cut or fill.
2-Answer is B
Centerline elevation at sta 12+25.25 = 3305.6' - 0.8 7.0 + 0.6 = 3298.4'

Centerline elevation at sta 25+00 = 3298.4' + 2.5(25-12.2525) 3330.3'
3-Answer is D
Yroe=Known elev. + Fill Cut
Yroe= 88.811 + 2.1ft - 5.411= 85.5 ft
4-Answer is C
The grade rod = HI grade elevation
5-Answer is B
According to California Department of Transportation's Construction Staking Manual, the colors
white and orange indicate vertical control point.
6-Answer is B
A good way to check the work is to measure the diagonal distances and check them against the
calculated values.
7-Answere is C
All choices are valid except choice 111, where a single beam laser instrument can not be used to
lay-out an area such as a parking lot.
8-Answers are A, C, and A

let
RPSS stands for "reference point for slope staking". (ans. to part)
Y
center line
=1(110WH
elevation + Fill - ECut
=
10011 + (10.2ft + 9.611+ 0.611) (0.611 +0.2f)=119.611 (ans. to 2" part)
D= E (Horizontal Distances)
D=10.2ft x 2 ft/ft + 10ft + 9.6ft x 2 ft/ft + 12ft = 61.6ft (ans. to 3 rd part)
9-Answer is C
D=
Deenter line DHP
=35ft 5ft x 3 ft/ft
=20ft
10-Answer is B
D=Dthe to HP + D HP to center line
=5ft x 3 ft/ft + 20ft
=
3 511
138
Chapter 7 Solutions to Survey Staking
11-Answer is C
g=rise/run
rise=Cutto cen er i ne - CUtto HP

t j
=
15.7ft 16.0ft
=0.3 ft
run=Dto center line Dto HP

=44.0ft 34.0ft
=10.0ft
16.0ft 15.7ft
gr-= x100%
44.0ft 34.0ft
=3%
Note the direction of line is from centerline toward the HP, therefore the slope is a 3%
12-Answer are D, and A
Ylip=Known elevation E Cw t. Hp
=
100.5ft 10.0ft 6.0ft = 84.5 ft (ans. to l st part)
D= E Distances
=15.0ft+ 10.0ft + 9.0ft + 10.0ft
=44ft (ans. to 2 nd part)
139
(I") Chapter 8 Solutions to Photogrammetty
1-Answer is C
In planning a photogrammetric project, the targets are set first, followed by aerial photography. If
the targets are present on the photographs, then the horizontal and vertical controls of the targets
are determined.
2-Answer is C
Note the approximate dimensions of a regular section are 1 mile by 1 mile. This is needed to
determine the scale ratio of the photograph.
d
Scale=
7.96in
5280fi
1 in
663 ft
3-Answer is A
The forward overlap between two consecutive photographs is usually set at 60%.
4-Answer is A
The side overlap of two adjacent flights is usually recommended to be about 30%.
5-Answer is B
H=Scale x Focal Length

=20,000 x 0.153m=
=3,060 m
6-Answer is A
Scale_
Photo Distance
Photo x Map Scale
Map Distance
4.25 in 1
7.93 in 9600
1 in
say 1: 18,000
17912 in
7-Answer is C
In accordance with Map Accuracy Requirements set forth by USGS.
8-Answer is B
d
Scale=
4 in
810 ft
1 in
202.5 ft
Chapter 8 Solutions to Photogrammetry
9-Answer is A
The distance from goal post to goal post is 120 yards, or 360 feet. Determine the scale based on
the given information by
d
Scale=
0.39in
5.012cmx
lcm
360ft
1 in
184.2 ft
D
Frontage Road D photo x Scale
=
5.5in x 184.2 ft per inch
=1013ft
10-Answer is D
f
Scale=
0.15m
1500m
1
10,000
= 1: 10,000
11-Answer is B
H
Scale=
6750ft

1500 ft per inch
4.5 in
Coverage= Scale x (photo width)
fi x 9 in = 13,500 ft
=1500
in
Coverage Dist. Between Flight Lines
Percent sidelap= x100%
Coverage
13500ft 10500fi
x 100% = 22.22%
13500ft
12-Answers are C, and A
havg= (Eh) 5
=
(1200ft + 1200ft + 51011 + 270ft + 5701t) 5 = 750 ft
141
Chapter 8 Solutions to Photogrammetry
6 1 in
Scale
H kw 6000 750 875 ft
6 in 1 in
Scale- (ans. to 1 st part)
6000ft 750fi 875 ft
In part IT, the scale factor would be different for Points E and D. The terrain elevation is 1200ft,
therefore, the photo scale is:
Scale
H how
6 in 1 in
6000fi 1200ft 800 ft
D=Scale x Photo Distance

=800 ft/in x 2.5 in =2000ft (ans. to 2 nd part)
Chapter 9 Solutions to California State Plane Coordinate System
1-Answer is D
Based on NAD'27, State of California contains 7 zones.
2-Answer is B
Based on NAD'83, State of California contains 6 zones.
3-Answer is C
There is no change in the alignment. The only difference is the Northing and Easting.
4-Answer is A
Both NAD 27 and NAD'83 are used as the basis for horizontal control datum.
5-Answer is D
All the statements given are correct.
6-Answer is D
Option I is costly, and option II does not yield satisfactory closure. Linear interpolation may not
be used as the changes in X and Y is not linear. A good reliable method is to convert one of the
points into NAD'83, and adjust the rest of the points by adding the AX and AY algebraically to
the initial point that is converted to NAD'83.
7-Answer
is B
Lambert conical projection is what is used to transform the geodetic coordinates into State Plane
Coordinates
8-Answer is D
3600
Time zone width
24 HR
0
=15 per HR
9-Answer is C
The north grid is different than the geodetic north; and for a selected area, the grid north is held
parallel to the central meridian.
10-Answer is D
All the stated conditions must be followed in order to complete the survey using state plane
coordinates.
11-Answer is A
Geoid is an irregular surface that represents the mean sea level. The density of adjacent land
influences the shape of the geoid surface. The geoid is perpendicular to the direction of the
gravity.
12-Answer is C
The only statement that is not true is choice C. The ellipsoidal parameters of Clark 1866 and
GRS 80 differs by tens of meters and not by couple of meters.
143
Chapter 9 Solutions to California State Plane Coordinate System
13-Answer is A
D
US survey foot =D International Foot x Convertions
2.54 cm 39.37 in
=215,256.91 International Foot x x
1 in 100 cm
=215,256.48 US survey foot
144
Chapter 10 Solutions to Surveys of Public Lands
1-Answer is C
For a standard township, statements I, II, IV and V are all true.
2-Answer is A
A Standard Corner regulates the subdivision of a township between any standard parallel and
another standard parallel to the north at every 24 miles away from a meridian.
3-Answer is B
A Closing Corner regulates the subdivision of a township between any standard parallel and
another standard parallel to the south at every 24 miles away from a meridian.
4-Answer is C
The initial point is the intersection of a base line and the principal meridian.
5-Answer is B
Section 15, which is a regular section, contains a dimension of 1 mile by 1 mile. Reading the
description backward, the specified area is found.
1 mile
0.125 mile
Lot Dirnensions=0.125 mile x 0.125 mile
=660ft x 660ft
6-Answers are C and A

One regular section contains 640 acres.
1 1
A= x krotat
4 2
1
=x x 640 acres=80 acres (ans. to l st part)
4 2
Based on the drawing shown on the next page, the center of the specified parcel is 12.75 miles
west and 9.625 miles north of the initial point. So
2
D= ,1X + y2
=
V(12.75mi/e) 2 + (9.625mi/e) 2 = 15.98 miles (ans. to
nd
2 part)
145
T2N, R3W
6mile 025m
6mile 6mile i< 0 '75rn
2 1 5 Section 13
7-Answer is B
By drawing the sections and locating the 'A point common to sections 8 and 9 and the common
point to sections 25, 26, 3, and 36, the distance is determined.
5 4 3 2 1
7 8 10 11 12
18 17 I 15 14 13
19 20 21 23 24
30 29 28 27 25
31 32 33 34 35 36
D=VX 2 +Y2
= 11(3.5mile) 2 +(3mile) 2 =4.61 miles
8-Answers are C and B

Note that the all discrepancies in measurements were thrown to the north and west within each
township. So with section 30 being a fractional section, the idea is to get as many regular sub-
sections as possible. So by inspecting the drawing below, the south line of the SW 1/4, SW 1/4 is
19.60 chains and the south line of the SE1/4, SW1/4 is 20 chains.
I.
19.60 chains N
V NY 20 chains
< X>
X 40 chains
39.60 chains
79.60 chains
9-Answer is B
In answering questions like this, it may be helpful to first estimate the area. The shaded parcel of
land contains 1/2 of 1/4 of 1/4 section that contains 20 acres. So choices A and D are
automatically eliminated. The next step is to follow the description from the end to the beginning
and locate the parcel in question.
10-Answer is A
Chapter 10- Solutions to Surveys of Public Lands
The first section that was surveyed from the starting corner was section number 36.
11-Answer is C
1 1 1
A= - x - x - Arm!
2 4 4
1 1 1
=- x - x - 640 acres
2 4 4
=
20 acres
12-Answer is A
0.25 mile
0.25 mile
0.25 mile
P-411 1 mile 1 mile

S-etk
6X
Bearing=tan -
Ay
1 2.5 mile
=tan- - N 45 E
2.5 mile
13-Answer is B
The range lines converge from south to north.
14-Answer is D
A reference drawing such as the one on the next page provides a quick method of analyses for
these types of questions in the exam.
By locating the specified section on the appropriate township, one would realize that choices II
and IV do not have common side.
147
5 4 3 2 1
7 to 12
18 11 Ahy 15 13
19 T wn shi 24
t
30 / 26 25
31 32 33 34 35 36
5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 1 6 5 4 3 2
7 12 7 12 7 12
18 Any 13 18 Any 13 18 Any 13
19 TOM' ship 24 19 Townsh p 24 19 Towr ship 24
30 25 30 25 30 25
31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 36 31 32 33 34 35 36
6 5 4
7 12
18 An 13
19 Towr ishi 24
25
31 32 33 34 35 36
Cr
Chapter 11 Solutions to GPS and GIS
1-Answer is A
Minimum number of satellites visible to a GPS receiver should be 4.
2-Answer is B
The time is what being measured for determining a location.
3-Answer is A
The Dilution of Precision (DOP) is a measure of geometry of the satellite constellation.
4-Answer is B
The measured height by GPS receiver is known as the ellipsoid height (aka geodetic height). It is
measured from the surface of the ellipsoid to the surface of ground.
5-Answer is B
To convert the ellipsoid height (h) to orthometric height (H), the geoid undulation (N) for the
point in question has to be known. The geoid undulation is the separation between the ellipsoid
and the geoid (sea level). Note that N is negative if the geoid is below the ellipsoid, and positive
if geoid is above the ellipsoid. So 1-1 =h - N
6-Answer is C
The static technique produces the most accurate measurement.
7-Answer is B
The key word here is "survey" with no requirements of "control." GPS receiver, EDM and Chain
do not provide an overview of the project. So photogranunetry is recommended to complete the
route survey.
8-Answer is A
The key word in this problem is "control" which includes both horizontal and vertical. Therefore
the only instrument capable of producing both controls is a GPS receiver.
9-Answer is A
The keywords in this problem are "control" and "glass." The instrument that is able to produce
both controls is a GPS receiver.
10-Answer is B
Standard and specifications included in the document entitled "Geometric Geodetic Accuracy
Standards and Specifications for Using GPS Relative Positioning Techniques" by the Federal
Geodetic Control Subcommittee.
11-Answer is A
12-Answer is C
149
Chapter 10 Solutions to CPS and GIS
13-Answer is A
Geographic Information System (GIS), which may be, defined as a system of hardware, software,
and multi layers of various data.
14-Answer is A
In raster format, pixels and grid cells are used to represent data.
15-Asnwer is A
Data are represented by a combination of points, lines, strings and polygons
16-Answer is C
CostGps=lnitial Cost + $500 per point x (No. of points)
$2500+ 500 x30 points
point
=$17,500
CostEDm=hourly wage x (total No. of hours)

=100 $/hr x (8hr/day) x (10 mile x 5280 ft/mile x (1day/1600f0)
=$26,400
Costc h.,, g=hourly wage x (total No. of hours)

=120 $/hr x (8hr/day) x (10 mile x 5280 ft/mile x (1day/800ft))
=$63,360
So the most economical method is the GPS Survey.

g t,1

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:Als.

A) I B) 1,11 C) I, II, D) All

3-Plane Surveying is defined as:

A) when curvature of earth is considered B) when curvature of earth is neglected

A) USGS Topographic Map B) Parcel Map

A) Final Survey B) As-Built Survey

A) Boundary Survey B) Control Survey

7-In Plane Surveying, the distance between two points is

A) Slope distance B) Horizontal distance

A) Replace the monument B) File a corner record

9-The best methods to locate underground high-risk utilities are:

A) check the As-Built Plans

10-Which of the following statements are true?

A) The environmental Engineer B) The Civil Engineer

12-Which statement below is true?

A) A post 1982 Civil Engineer can legally establish an easement.

13- What type of map do you need for dividing parcels?

A) Topo Map B) Lay-out Map

A) As-Built B) Horizontal distance

A) Engineering survey B) Route survey

1-Which of the following statements is not true?

I Subtense bar always measure the horizontal distance.

(IX JII B) II, HI, IV C) I, II, IV D) All

2-Which one of these level rods is considered to be a "direct reading" rod?

I. Philadelphia rod II. Chicago rod OLenker rod W. All

e average of all the water heights over a tide epoch

A) double rodding ee-wire leveling

A) 181.38' (, ) 83.63' C) 179.06' D) 179.84'

B) ta-shows it one foot too low

A) 2 36' 36" B) 2 38' 37" C) 2 35' 36" 2 34' 36"

1-Slope -0.30% to station 4+50 '1 3

What is the elevation at station 12+50?

A) 248.25' 45.05' C) 242.80' D) 250.25'

.02' B) +0.02' C) +0.2' D) -0.2'

A) 5.16' B) 5.17' D) 5.18'

Determine the misclosure? ruse e 665,-7G4-.4 ES4 .4) ft s (I

A) 21.22' 022' C) 2' C) 25'

A) 1,964.19' B) 1,971.20' C) 1,965.05' D) 1,965.70'

263.38' B) 265.38' C) 260.00' D) 262.50'

The elevation of station M

A) 844.50' B) 848.75' 6.69' D) 842.80'

1ong sights are taken

23-Which of the following is true for a "cut" tape?

e last foot (or meter) at each end of the tape is graduated.

24-What is the purpose of the technique own as "waving the rod?"

ow the exact atmospheric temperature and pressure

oko -How does the curvature effect rod reading?

28-What is the horizontal distance "X" of the figure below:

29-What is the correct reading of the rod shown below

Bench Mark Forward Run Back Run

A) 102.44, 109.97, 113.00 B) 102.45, 109.94, 112.092

tcp o -t 0-1 -F. t 3 Lo7 12. Elevation =?

111.67' B) 98.68' C) 110.25' D) 108.00'

Station + HI Elevation C/L

A) 45.0' 315.9' C) 41.5' D) 44.9' g 1 mr7 3

A) 44.00' B) 44.05' 44.04' D) 44.90'

33-The following notes were taken during a differential leveling.

Station BS(ft) FS(ft) Elevation(ft)

BM2 6.72 5.95

TP4 8.25 4.35 3,--,(43- +

A) 34.10' 4.06' C) 35.06' D) 32.06'

Determine the difference in elevation between BM2 and BM3.

A) 6.38' B) 40.04' C) 40.40' .34'

A)23ft B) 51ft C) 234ft D) 57ft

75' B) 380' C) 360' D) 345' ?(/ , VeJ,3)