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Calculate Lightning Protection for Building / Structure Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:2

Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:1

APRIL 7, 2016 7 COMMENTS Jignesh.Parmar

Cable Construction:
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Parts of Cable:
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1. Conductor (For LV/MV/HT Cables)
2. Conductor Screen (For MV/HT Cables)
3. Filler & Binding Tapes (For LV/MV/HT Cables) About Jignesh Parmar:
4. Insulation (For LV/MV/HT Cables)
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power
5. Insulation Screen (For MV/HT Cables)
System Control), B.E(Electrical). He is member of
6. Separation Tape (For MV/HT Cables)
Institution of Engineers (MIE),India. Membership
7. Bedding (Inner Sheath)
No:M-1473586.He has more than 14 years
8. Metallic Sheen (For MV/HT Cables)
experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical
9. Armor (For LV/MV/HT Cables)
Energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-
10. Outer Sheath (For LV/MV/HT Cables)
Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical
11. Water Blocking Tapes Optional (For MV/HT Cables)
Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently
12. Insulation TapesOptional (For MV/HT Cables)
associate with one of the leading business group as
a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has
published numbers of Technical Articles in "Electrical
Mirror", "Electrical India", "Lighting India","Smart
Energy", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power
Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer
Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful
Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC,
IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and
Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French
languages. He wants to Share his experience &
Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find
suitable solutions and updating themselves on
various Engineering Topics.

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(1) Conductors:
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Code: IS:8130 / IEC 60228/ BS 6360
Material: Class 2 Annealed Plain / Tinned Copper / Aluminum. Enter your email address
Used for : LV ,MV & HV Cables
Purpose: Follow This Blog by Email
Usually stranded copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al) is used.
Copper is denser and heavier, but more conductive than aluminum.
Electrically equivalent aluminum conductors have a cross-sectional area approximately 1.6 times larger than
copper, but half the weight. Electrical Notes-A
21K likes
The size of the copper / Aluminum conductor forming one of the cores of a cable is expressed in square
millimeters (mm2), and the current rating of the cable is dependent upon the cross-sectional area of each core.
Multi core Aluminum or copper conductor are produced by two Shapes
Circular Conductor: multi layers of stranded wires are assembled together to make circular shape. Like Page
To achieve a circular conductor, the number of strands follows a particular progression: 3, 7, 19, 37, 61, and 127
etc, the diameter of each strand being chosen to achieve the desired cross-sectional area of whole conductor.

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 Circular Shape conductor is normally available used up to 200mm2 BUY ELECTRICAL NOTES IN PDF
Segment Conductor: Five segments of compacted conductor in triangle shape of 72 degree are assembled
together with separation of non metallic tapes to reduce the skin effect which reduce the AC conductor
resistance.
Larger sizes have conductors with the strands laid up in a segmental formation; this Cables achieves a better
space factor and reduces the overall diameter of the cable. It also reduces the inductance of the cable due to
decreased spacing between phases
Segmental conductor is normally available from 1000 mm2 and above
BUY ELECTRICAL SOFTWARES
(2) Conductor Screen (Semi Conductor Screen):
Code: IS:7098/IEC:60502/ BS:6622/BS:7835
Material: Extruded thermo set semi-conducting compound, Carbon paper and carbon loaded polymer.
Used for : Cable from 6 to 30kV (MV & HV Cables)
Purpose:
This screen consists of a lapped copper tape or metallic foil usually less than 1.0mm in thickness, which is the
interface between the conductor and the insulation (PVC, XLPE).
The Main Purpose of Conductor Screen is to maintain a uniformly divergent electric field, and to contain the Proud to be an IndiBlogger
electric field within the cable core. electricalnotes.wordpress.c...
Conductor Screen is semi-conducting material because Semi-conducting materials do not conduct electricity
well enough to be a conductor but will not hold back voltage. It smoothes out the surface irregularities of the
conductor. The conductor shield makes the voltage on the inside of the insulation the same
Semiconducting screening materials are based on carbon black that is dispersed within a polymer matrix. The
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concentration of carbon black needs to be sufficiently high to ensure an adequate and consistent conductivity.
The incorporation must be optimized to provide a smooth interface between the conducting and insulating
portions of the cable.
The smooth surface is important as it decreases the occurrence of regions of high electrical stress.
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Control Electrical Field: Conductor Screen is control the electric field within the insulation and thus the same
voltage gradient across it. It also avoids any interaction of the electric stresses due to the voltages on different
phase conductors within the same cable. Recent Posts
Reduce Voltage Stress Conductor Screen helps to reduce voltage stress at the interface between the
conducting and insulating components. Setting of overload, Short circuit & Ground Fault
A typical construction for a medium voltage cable consists of an aluminum conductor covered by a screening Protection of MCCB (PART-1)
layer, then by a polyethylene or ethylene propylene rubber insulation followed by a further screening layer. The Type of Tripping Mechanism of MCB / MCCB-(Part-2)
coefficient of expansion of the insulation layer is typically ten times greater than that of the aluminum and when
Type of Tripping Mechanism of MCB / MCCB-(Part-1)
the cable is at its maximum operating temperature of 90C, a large enough gap can formed to allow electrical
discharges to occur. The semi-conducting layer then serves to even out the stresses associated with these Type of Light Bulb base & Socket:Part-2
discharges, which would otherwise attack the insulation at specific points. Type of Light Bulb base & Socket:Part-1
How to select MCB / MCCB (Part:3)
How to select MCB / MCCB (Part:2)
How to select MCB / MCCB (Part:1)
What should you know before buying LED
Bulbs (Part:3)
What should you know before buying LED
Bulbs (Part:2)
What should you know before buying LED
Bulbs (Part:1)
Uniform Electrical Field: A Black semi-conducting tape is used to maintain a uniform electric field and minimize
Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:4
electrostatic stresses in MV/HV power cables.
The external surfaces of the conductor may not be smooth, particularly for stranded conductors, so this layer Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:3
provides a smooth surface at the same potential as the conductor to keep the electric field consistent all the way Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:2
around the surface. Without this layer, any small peaks or troughs could cause concentrations of electrical
energy which could create small arcs, and over time could erode the insulation layer and cause failure of the Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:1
cable. Calculate Lightning Protection for Building / Structure
Reduce Electrical Flux line around the each core: : It Provide a cylindrical, smooth surface between the Thumb Rule-13
conductor and insulation
Semi-conducting compounds also have the effect of filling in the interstices of the conductor giving a smooth Calculate Cable Voltage Drop for Street Light Pole
surface for the insulation. This reduces the electrical flux lines around each individual wire that make up the Cable Voltage Drop for Different Size of Cables
conductor, which can reduce the stress by 10-15%.
Calculate Size of Solar Panel
(3) Filler & Binding Tap (Laying-Up):
Material: Non Hygroscopic PVC / Poly propylene Fiber to maintain roundness of cable. Archives
Used for : LV,MV & HV Cables
Purpose: May 2017 (1)
In case of three core cables, the three cores are laid up with polymer compound or non-hygroscopic fillers like April 2017 (1)

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 polypropylene (PP) fillers and a binder tape is applied with an overlap to provide a circular shape to the cable. March 2017 (1)
These binder tapes can be of PVC or foamed Polyethylene.
February 2017 (1)
Inner Sheath (Bedding) for Armored Cables. Extruded layer of PVC or PE is applied over the laid up cores for
armored cables. January 2017 (1)
December 2016 (1)
(4) Insulation:
November 2016 (1)
Code: IS: 7098, 8130, 14494 / IEC: 60502 / BS: 6622/BS: 7835.
Material: PVC, XLPE, Rubber, Elastomer, EPR. October 2016 (1)
Used for : LV ,MV & HV Cables September 2016 (1)
Purpose:
August 2016 (1)
Insulation main Purpose is to withstand the electrical field applied to the cable for its design life in its intended
installed environment July 2016 (1)
This will be an extruded layer of XLPE, Elastomer, Rubber or PVC applied over conductor screen under triple June 2016 (1)
extrusion process along with conductor screen and insulation screen.
May 2016 (1)
There are different Type of Insulation Material used for cable but widely used are
April 2016 (2)
(A) Cross-linked polyethylene: (XLPE)
March 2016 (2)
They are known as PEX or XLPE Cable. It is form of polyethylene with cross links. February 2016 (2)
XLPE creates by direct links or bonds between the carbon backbones of individual polyethylene chains forms
January 2016 (2)
the cross linked polyethylene structure.
The result of this linkage is to restrict movement of the polyethylene chains relative to each other, so that when December 2015 (1)
heat or other forms of energy are applied the basic network structure cannot deform and the excellent properties November 2015 (1)
that polyethylene has at room temperature are retained at higher temperatures.
October 2015 (2)
The cross linking of the molecules also has the effect of enhancing room temperature properties.
The useful properties of XLPE are temperature resistance, pressure resistance (stress rupture resistance), September 2015 (1)
environmental stress crack resistance (esc), and resistance to UV light, chemical resistance, oxidation August 2015 (1)
resistance, room temperature and low temperature properties.
July 2015 (1)
XLPE cables work for the working voltage of 240 V to 500 KV.
The Jacketing Material can be of PVC / Flame Retardant / Flame Retardant Low Smoke / Zero Halogen (LSOH). June 2015 (1)
Applications: Fire Survival, Under Water Cables, Underground burial, installation on trays and ducts. May 2015 (1)
(B) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) April 2015 (1)
March 2015 (2)
They are known as PVC insulated cables are widely used in various fields.
PVCs relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have resulted in it being used for a February 2015 (2)
wide variety of applications. January 2015 (2)
For electric cables the PVC is mixed up with plasticizers. PVC has high tensile strength, superior conductivity,
December 2014 (2)
better flexibility and ease of jointing.
PVC is a thermoplastic material, therefore care must be taken not to overheat it; it is suitable for conductor November 2014 (2)
temperatures up to 70C. PVC insulated cables should not be laid when the temperature is less than 0C October 2014 (2)
because it becomes brittle and is liable to crack.
September 2014 (2)
Applications: Low voltage copper conductor PVC cables are extensively used for domestic home appliances
wiring, house wiring and internal wiring for lighting circuits in factories, power supply for office automation, in August 2014 (3)
control, instrumentation, submarine, mining, ship wiring applications etc. July 2014 (2)
(C) Elastomer Insulated cable June 2014 (2)
May 2014 (2)
These cables are suitable for use where the combination of ambient temperature and temperature-rise due to
load results in conductor temperature not exceeding 90C under normal operation and 250C under short- April 2014 (2)
circuit conditions. March 2014 (3)
This insulation shall be so applied that it fits closely on the conductor (with or without either separator or screen)
February 2014 (4)
but shall not adhere to it. The insulation, unless applied by extrusion, shall be applied in two or more layers and
it is applicable to cables with a rated voltage up to 1 100 volts. January 2014 (2)
Applications: Welding Cables, Ship wiring cables, Pressure Tight Cables and cables for submerged December 2013 (1)
connection, Railways locomotives and coach wiring cables, Mining Cables.
November 2013 (1)
(D) Polyvinyl chloride (EPR). October 2013 (2)

For high-voltage cables the insulation is ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) and for low-voltage cables it is September 2013 (3)
polyvinyl chloride (PVC). August 2013 (3)
EPR has good electrical properties and is resistant to heat and chemicals; it is suitable for a conductor
July 2013 (3)
temperature up to 85 C.
June 2013 (3)
(E) Rubber Insulated cable
May 2013 (3)
These are used in electric utilities such as the generation and transmission of electricity. Long service life under April 2013 (2)
normal environment in Nuclear and conventionally powered generating stations plus safety considerations are
March 2013 (3)
the significant factors of these electric appliances.

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 When exposed to fire, Silicon offers circuit integrity, low smoke evolution, and freedom from halogen acids. February 2013 (2)
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Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:2

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Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:3

EHV/HV Cable Sheath Earthing

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FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED Abstract
Abstract of CPWD-Part 1
Abstract of IE Rules
About Jignesh.Parmar
Abstract of IS Code.
Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control), B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat
University. He has more than 14 years experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution- IS 1255
Electrical energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects(Planning-Designing- IS 15652/11171/1445/1678
coordination-Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy IS 3043 / 5039
Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel Sheets
of Electrical Engineering as per IS,NEC,IEC,IEEE codes. He is technical Author for "Electrical Mirror" and IS 5613
"Electrical India" Magazines. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French IS 694 / 1554 / 11892
languages. He wants to Share his experience & knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable
solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics. IE Rules for DP Structure

Electrical Notes
ElectRICAL. Q&A
7 Responses to Cable Construction & Cable Selection- Part:1 Electrical Q&A Part-1
Electrical Q&A Part-2
Cynthio Saydon says:
April 8, 2016 at 7:42 am Electrical Q&A Part-3

Very Interesting. Electrical Q&A Part-4

Reply Electrical.Tool
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 salla dhanunjaya says: Top Clicks
April 8, 2016 at 1:07 pm
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Hemrajsingh Chudasama says:
April 9, 2016 at 6:42 am
Recent Comments
Very good information Sir, . Is help full in practical work. ! ! !
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Thomas Mathew says: Energy
April 12, 2016 at 12:29 pm Dalisux on Minimum Electrical Clearance.
Jignesh :
Are you aware of any Indian regulations on installing solar panels under 400kv transmission lines. What is the
min. clearance from the highest point of any structure below (ie the solar panels) and the lowest point of the
conductor sag in such a case.
Reply

Somnath Gupta says:

May 2, 2016 at 8:13 am

Dear Jignesh.
Would like discuss and have some ref for carrying out Risk analysis study for Lightening and earthing for plant
in operation.

Reply

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