CIN: U74210TN1992PTC023645

Ref. No. 393/GI/15-16 December. 16, 2015.

To
M/s. Developer Group India Pvt. Ltd.
Chennai - Bengaluru Highway (NH4),
Opp Sree Sastha College of Engineering,
Chembarambakkam, Poonamalle,
Chennai 600123, India.

Attention: Mr. S. Venkatesan svenkatesan@developergroup.com

Vice President - Construction Phone: 09962003062
Subject: Combined Raft Foundation Recommendations for the Proposed Multi-Storied
Residential Apartments Buildings Complex Site, No. 14 / 65, NH4, S. No. 123/1B,
123/2, 123/3, 123/5, 124/1B, 124/3 and 124/4, Sembarambakkam Village,
Poonamallee Taluk, Thiruvallur District, TN.
Reference: 1.) Telecomm discussion and e-mail received from you.
2.) Our Report No. 330/GI/14-15 dated January 23, 2015.

Dear Mr. Venkatesan:

We received the above referred e-mail from you asking to check if shallow foundation in the
form of combined raft can be provided for the proposed B + Stilt + 14 floors high-rise buildings
planned at this site. If feasible what aspects should be considerations for use of raft foundation. This
letter report is being submitted with the suitable recommendations and construction considerations
for the proposed combined raft foundation.

For the proposed B + Stilt + 14 floor building the expected average bearing pressure will be
about 25 tons/M2. For encountered soil profiles and expected bearing pressure Combined Raft
foundation was recommended at 4.5-M below the lowest EGL of the site. In analysis purposes
Combined Raft of 20- by 40-M was considered. The combined raft should extent at least 0.6-M
beyond the outer face of the outer columns of the buildings. For the raft foundation estimated
ultimate and recommended allowable bearing capacities were 113 and 25 tons/M2,
respectively. Estimated total settlement was about 78 mm, less than the IS: 1904 - 1978 code limiting
settlement of 100 mm for raft foundations on plastic clays.

Proposed site was about 1.5-M below the Existing Road Level (ERL) of road in front of the
site. In order to provide proper surface drainage in the site and prevent outside runoff entering the
site Finished Ground Level (FGL) of the site should be at least 0.5-M above ERL of road in front of the
site. If basement floor height of 3.25-M was considered then bottom of the basement floor will be at
about 1.25-M below EGL of the site. Between 1.25- and 4-M SPT N values varied from 8 to 44 and
soil type varied from clay, sand and gravely sand. With such variable profiles buildings can undergo
significant variable settlements. From 4.5-M below EGL average SPT N value was 34, and the
undrained shear strength of clay soil with N of 34 was taken to be about 20 tons/M2.

As per IS: 2950 1998 code guidelines for undrained shear strength of 20 tons/M2 (2.0
kgs/cm2) recommended soil sub-grade modulus was 2.7 kg/cm2/cm. Therefore, for design purposes
sub-grade modulus of 2.5 kg/cm2/cm (2,500 tons/M2/M) may be adopted.
Prasad Armstrong Yen G E C (P) Ltd. Chennai 106.

With combined raft at 4.5-M below lowest EGL of the site, and nearly 2-M of site filling above
EGL following construction aspects must be considered to finalize the foundation type for the
proposed building (either deep piles as give in original report or combined raft foundation presented
in this letter report).

Bottom of the raft foundation will be at about 6.5-M below FGL of the site with bottom of
the basement floor at about 3.25-M below FGL.
This will require nearly 3.25-M of additional excavation beyond basement floor bottom
level and controlled back filling on top of the combined raft.
Excavated gravel and sandy soil in top 3-M of the site can be used for back filling
purposes. Excavated site clay soil should not be used for back filling purposes.
Raft foundation should be provided with uniform thickness to allow proper roller
compaction of the fill soil above the raft.
Raft should be structurally designed for the effects of roller compaction. Compaction with
flooding is not recommended due to large fill quantity and presence of high % of silt (upto
20%) in the site granular soils.
Filling of the raft and compaction of fill soil should be taken up only after proper curing of
the raft RCC.
All the columns should be provided with pedestals of at least 0.15-M larger on all faces of
the columns to provide protection against compaction machinery affects.
At basement floor level all the footings should be tied in all directions with suitably
designed tie-beams. These beams should be designed for vehicle loads considering the
beams to have minimum soil support below.
To excavate 4.5-M deep large foundation area may be required Dewatering System to
keep the area dry for construction work. This will be more critical due to recent severe
rainfall and fully filled nearby Chembrambakkam lake.

We appreciate the opportunity to be of service to you on this project. Please call us if you have
any questions or when we can be of further assistance.
Sincerely,
PRASAD ARMSTRONG YEN GEC (P) Ltd.

B. Ram Prasad ME, PhD (Texas A&M)

Managing Director
Prasad Armstrong Yen G E C (P) Ltd. Chennai 106.

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR RECOMMENDED FOUNDATION

Data from the borings indicate presence of clay soil from 4.5-M. For the proposed B + Stilt + 14
floors building Combined Raft foundation was recommended at 4.5-M below lowest EGL of the
site. Minimum raft size of 20- by 40-M was considered in the analysis. The ultimate bearing capacity
of the soil was estimated as per IS: 6403 Code of Practice Method using the following equation and
soil parameters presented above sections:
qult = CNcscdcic+ q(Nq-1)sqdqiq+ 0.5B'Nsdi
Where
B = Width of Footing; = Eff. Unit Weight of Soil;
qult = Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the Soil; sc,sq,s = Shape Factors;
C = Avg. Soil Undrained Shear Strength; dc,dq,d = Depth Factors;
Nc , Nq & N = Bearing Capacity Factors; ic,iq,i = Inclination Factors; and
q = Eff. Vertical Pressure at Footing Level

Type of Foundation = Combined Raft;

Depth Foundation below EGL = 4.5-M below lowest EGL;
Width and Length of Raft = 20- and 40-M;
Expected Max. Pressure = 25 tons/M2.

Ultimate Bearing Pressure qult = Cu*Nc*Sc*dc + q(Nq - 1)*Sq*dq + 0.5*B*'*N* S*d

= 0o
Cu (Undrained Shear Strength) = 20 tons/M2
Nc (Bearing Capacity Factor) = 5.14
Nq (Bearing Capacity Factor) = N/A
N (Bearing Capacity Factor) = N/A
Sc (Shape Factor) = 1 + 0.2*(B/L) = 1.0 + 0.2*(20.0/40.0) = 1.10;
Sq (Shape Factor) = 1 + 0.2*(B/L) = 1.0 + 0.2*(20.0/40.0) = 1.10;
S (Shape Factor) = 1 - 0.4*(B/L) = 1.0 - 0.4*(20.0/40.0) = 0.8;
dc (Depth Factor) = 1 + 0.1 * Df/B * tan (45 + /2) = 1.02 ~ 1.0
dq (Depth Factor) = 1 for < 10o; = 1 + 0.1 * Df/B * tan (45 + /2) for > 10o = 1.0
d (Depth Factor) = 1 for < 10o; = 1 + 0.1 * Df/B * tan (45 + /2) for > 10o = 1.0
q(O B @ Footing) = N/A.
Note: Ground water is assumed to rise to EGL of the site.
qult = 1.10*1.0*5.14*20.0 + 0 + 0 = 113.08 ~ 113 tons/M2
qall = qult / 2.5 = 113 / 2.5 = 45.2 tons/M2 Use qall = 30 tons/M2
Expected Bearing Pressure = 25 tons/M2.

Settlement Calculations: (Boring 3 Soil Profile)

Elastic or Immediate Settlement

Zone of Influence from foundation level = 2*20.0 = 40-M below raft or hard stratum level with SPT N >
75 (13-M below EGL). There will be both elastic (immediate) and consolidation (long term) settlements as the
soil profile had mainly cohesive soils in the influence zone.

Elastic or Immediate Settlement:

1. 4.5- to 6.0-M = H1 = 1.5-M; SPT N = 27; (Clay); Cu = 16 tons/M2; Es = 350*16 = 5,600 tons/M2
2. 6.0- to 7.0-M = H2 = 1.0-M; SPT N = 33; (Clay); Cu = 19 tons/M2; Es = 350*19 = 6,650 tons/M2
3. 7.0- to 8.0-M = H3 = 1.0-M; SPT N = 58; (Clay); Cu = 25 tons/M2; Es = 350*25 = 8,750 tons/M2
4. 8.0- to 9.75-M = H4 = 1.75-M; SPT N = 72; (Clay); Cu = 30 tons/M2; Es = 350*30 = 10,500 tons/M2
5. 9.75- to 13.0-M = H5 = 3.25-M; SPT N = 52; (Clay); Cu = 24 tons/M2; Es = 350*24 = 8,400 tons/M2
Prasad Armstrong Yen G E C (P) Ltd. Chennai 106.

Esavg = (5600*1.5+6650*1.0+8750*1.0+10500*1.75+8400*3.25)/8.5 = 8,173.53 ~ 8,000 tons/M2

q0 = 25 tons/M2; B = 20-M; L = 40.0-M; L/B = 40.0/20.0 = 2.0; H = 8.5-M; H/B = 8.5/10.0 = 0.85;
= 0.45; Es = 8,000 tons/M2; If = 0.95; I1 = 0.10; I2 = 0.105; Is = 0.12;
H = 4*10.0*25.0*(1-0.45 )/8000*0.95*0.120*1000 = 11.37 mm
2

Total Elastic Settlement HE = 11.37 mm.

Consolidation Settlement:
1. 4.5- to 6.0-M = H1 = 1.5-M; Cu = 16 tons/M2; NMC = 33%; LL = 78%; Gs = 2.68 (Clay);
q0 = 25 tons/M2; (Over consolidation effect factor) = 0.10; e0 = 2.68*0.33 = 0.884 Use 0.90;
Cc1 = 0.009*(LL - 10) = 0.009*(78-10) = 0.612;
Cc2 = 0.3*(eo - 0.27) = 0.189; Use Cc = 0.40
= 1.5*(1.7-1) + 1.0*(1.6-1) + 0.75*(1.65-1) + 2.0*(1.8-1) = 3.74 tons/M2;
= (25.0*20.0*40.0)/((20.0+2*0.75)*(40.0+2*0.75)) = 22.42 tons/M2;
Hc1 = 0.10 * 1.5/(1+0.90) * 0.40 * log((3.74 + 22.42)/(3.74)) * 1000 = 26.68 mm

2. 6.0- to 7.0-M = H2 = 1.0-M; Cu = 19 tons/M2; NMC = 31%; LL = 64%; Gs = 2.68 (Clay);

q0 = 25 tons/M2; (Over consolidation effect factor) = 0.1; e0 = 2.68*0.31 = 0.83 ~ 0.85;
Cc1 = 0.009*(LL - 10) = 0.009*(64-10) = 0.486;
Cc2 = 0.3*(eo - 0.27) = 0.174; Use Cc = 0.33
= 1.5*(1.7-1) + 1.0*(1.6-1) + 0.75*(1.65-1) + 2.75*(1.8-1) + 0.5*(1.85-1) = 4.76 tons/M2;
= (25.0*20.0*40.0)/((20.0+2*2.0)*(40.0+2*2.0)) = 18.94 tons/M2;
Hc2 = 0.1 * 1.0/(1+0.85) * 0.33 * log((4.76 + 18.94)/(4.76)) * 1000 = 12.44 mm

3. 7.0- to 8.0-M = H3 = 1.0-M; Cu = 25 tons/M2; NMC = 32%; LL = 64%; Gs = 2.68 (Clay);

q0 = 25 tons/M2; (Over consolidation effect factor) = 0.1; e0 = 2.68*0.32 = 0.86;
Cc1 = 0.009*(LL - 10) = 0.009*(64-10) = 0.486;
Cc2 = 0.3*(eo - 0.27) = 0.177; Use Cc = 0.33
= 1.5*(1.7-1)+1.0*(1.6-1)+0.75*(1.65-1)+2.75*(1.8-1)+1.0*(1.85-1)+0.5*(2.05-1) = 5.71 tons/M2;
= (25.0*20.0*40.0)/((20.0+2*3.0)*(40.0+2*3.0)) = 16.72 tons/M2;
Hc3 = 0.1 * 1.0/(1+0.86) * 0.33 * log((5.71 + 16.72)/(5.71)) * 1000 = 10.54 mm

4. 8.0- to 9.75-M = H4 = 1.75-M; Cu = 30 tons/M2; NMC = 31%; LL = 64%; Gs = 2.68 (Clay);

q0 = 25 tons/M2; (Over consolidation effect factor) = 0.05; e0 = 2.68*0.31 = 0.83;
Cc1 = 0.009*(LL - 10) = 0.009*(64-10) = 0.486;
Cc2 = 0.3*(eo - 0.27) = 0.168; Use Cc = 0.33
= 1.5*(1.7-1)+1.0*(1.6-1)+0.75*(1.65-1)+2.75*(1.8-1)+1.0*(1.85-1)+1.0*(2.05-1) + 0.875*(2.1-1)
= 7.2 tons/M2;
= (25.0*20.0*40.0)/((20.0+2*4.125)*(40.0+2*4.125)) = 14.68 tons/M2;
Hc4 = 0.05 * 1.75/(1+0.83) * 0.33 * log((7.20 + 14.68)/(7.20)) * 1000 = 7.62 mm

5. 9.75- to 13.0-M = H5 = 3.25-M; Cu = 24 tons/M2; NMC = 25%; LL = 61%; Gs = 2.68 (Clay);

q0 = 25 tons/M2; (Over consolidation effect factor) = 0.05; e0 = 2.68*0.25 = 0.67;
Cc1 = 0.009*(LL - 10) = 0.009*(61-10) = 0.459;
Cc2 = 0.3*(eo - 0.27) = 0.120; Use Cc = 0.30
= 1.5*(1.7-1)+1.0*(1.6-1)+0.75*(1.65-1)+2.75*(1.8-1)+1.0*(1.85-1)+1.0*(2.05-1) + 1.75*(2.1-1) +
1.625*(2.05-1) = 9.87 tons/M2;
= (25.0*20.0*40.0)/((20.0+2*6.625)*(40.0+2*6.625)) = 11.30 tons/M2;
Hc5 = 0.05 * 3.25/(1+0.67) * 0.30 * log((9.87 + 11.30)/(9.87)) * 1000 = 9.67 mm
Total Consolidation Settlement, HC = 26.68 + 12.44 + 10.54 + 7.62 + 9.67 = 66.95 mm.
Total Combined Settlement H = HE + HC = 11.37 + 66.95 = 78.32~ 78 mm.
Prasad Armstrong Yen G E C (P) Ltd. Chennai 106.

Estimated total settlement for a 20- by 40-M raft foundation at 4.75-M below EGL was about 78 mm
for a bearing pressure of 25 tons/M2 less than 100 mm allowable limits for the total settlement for raft
foundations on plastic clays as per IS: 1904 - 1978 code. Hence, combined raft foundation can be used for the
proposed building at this site.