ARM BASED SMART HELMET USING XBEE WITH

ALCOHOL DETECTION

Introduction:

The maintenance of a state of wakefulness while performing various tasks is needed for a
range of reasons varying from safety to efficient performance and beyond. In order to decrease
the possibility of accidents, alertness while operating vehicles, such as automobiles or heavy
machinery, must be maintained. Additionally, reading and studying require wakefulness.

This project is based on XBee as a smart helmet for automobile and truck drivers for an
alertness alarm signal. This eyeglass attachable alarm signal device prevents automobile and
truck drivers from falling asleep, while driving. A beam of a narrow band infrared light or a
beam of ultrasound is used for sensing, whether the driver's eyelids are closed or are in an open
position

The Mobile Sniffer project is an advanced device which finds various applications in the
modern fields of communication and surveillances. Mobile sniffer project is designed to detect
the mobile phone in a closed room / place which is in active transmission mode. This project is
very useful for the private meetings, defense establishments, military camp, Hospitals; Petrol
pumps etc., where the uses of an active Mobile Communication (GSM) device are prohibited.
With the aid of this project, one can detect the active mobile device like Cell Phone and GPS
systems. Here the Mobile Sniffer project can be used like a metal detector and the project is
capable of detecting the Cell phone like device from the range of few centimeters to few inches
depending upon the Cell phones transmission strength and other parameters. Here the project is
waved near the person / place where the presence of a GSM device is to be detected.

Block Diagram:

Transmitter:
 BUFFER DRIVER RELAY

MOBILE CALL OUTPUT DEVICES

DETECTOR

BUZZER

OR

DC MOTOR AS
M WATER SPRINKLER

ALCOHOL SENSOR
OR

VISUAL
INDICATION

VIBRATION SENSOR
ARM PROCESSOR

16 X 2 DISPLAY

XBEE TX

+12 Volts

+5 Volts

230 V, AC
Supply

TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER REGULATOR

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: ARM 7 / Cortex M3, LCD, Relay Driver, Relays, Resistors, Capacitors, LEDs, Crystal, Diodes, Transformer, Voltage Regulator,
Push Button.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Keil compiler uVision 4, Language: Embedded C or Assembly, WLPRO Programmer
Receiver:

BUFFER DRIVER RELAY

OUTPUT DEVICES

BUZZER

VISUAL
INDICATION

XBEE RX

ARM PROCESSOR

LCD DISPLAY
Block diagram explanation

Power supply unit:

This section needs two voltages viz., +12 V & +5 V, as working voltages. Hence
specially designed power supply is constructed to get regulated power supplies.

Vibration Sensor:

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect, to measure changes
in pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge. The
prefix piezo- is Greek for 'press' or 'squeeze'.
Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of
various processes. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research
and development in many industries. Although the piezoelectric effect was
discovered by Pierre Curie in 1880, it was only in the 1950s that the piezoelectric
effect started to be used for industrial sensing applications. Since then, this
measuring principle has been increasingly used and can be regarded as a mature
technology with an outstanding inherent reliability. It has been successfully used in
various applications, such as in medical, aerospace, nuclear instrumentation, and as a
tilt sensor in consumer electronics[1] or a pressure sensor in the touch pads of mobile
phones. In the automotive industry, piezoelectric elements are used to monitor
combustion when developing internal combustion engines. The sensors are either
directly mounted into additional holes into the cylinder head or the spark/glow plug
is equipped with a built-in miniature piezoelectric sensor.

ARM processor:

ARM is a computer processor based RISC architecture. A RISC-based

computer design approach means ARM processors require significantly fewer
transistors than typical processors in average computers. This approach reduces
 costs, heat and power use. The low power consumption of ARM processors has made
them very popular:

The ARM architecture (32-bit) is the most widely used architecture in mobile
devices, and most popular 32-bit one in embedded systems.

Alcohol Sensor:

This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration on your

breath, just like your common breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response
time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol concentration. The
drive circuit is very simple, all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface could be a
0-3.3V ADC.

XBee Technology:

XBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols

used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios.
XBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, XBee devices can
transmit data over long distances by passing data through intermediate devices to
reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network.

Buffers:

Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input
results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers
are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to
regularize the logic present at an interface

Drivers:

This section is used to drive the relay where the output is complement of
input which is applied to the drive but current will be amplified

Relays:
 It is an electromagnetic device which is used to drive the load connected
across the relay and the o/p of relay can be connected to controller or load for further
processing.

Buzzer:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke.

DC motor:

A DC motor relies on the fact that like magnet poles repel and unlike
magnetic poles attract each other. A coil of wire with a current running through it
generates an electromagnetic field aligned with the center of the coil. By switching
the current on or off in a coil its magnetic field can be switched on or off or by
switching the direction of the current in the coil the direction of the generated
magnetic field can be switched 180.

Indicator:

This stage provides visual indication of which relay is actuated and

deactivated, by glowing respective LED or Buzzer.

Methodology:

This project is developed to reduce the save the humans from accidents and to send
the information about the person who is wearing the helmet to the caretaker using XBee. This
project contains three sensors for mobile detector, alcohol sensor and Vibration sensor to
detect accident. After sensing those parameter depending on the scenario the ARM controller
will take appropriate action. The main modules in this project are Sensors (mobile detector,
alcohol sensor and Vibration Sensor), ARM controller unit with LCD display and output
device.
 This transmitter model is placed in Helmet and receiver will there with caretaker.
This model has three Sensors as an input device to sense the mobile, alcohol and vibrations
and depending on the parameter measured the controller will take appropriate action. The
same information will be send to the caretaker via XBee. The receiver will activates the
outputs to indicate a sensor has detected a signal the owner has to take appropriate action.

Advantages:

1. All the components required are easily available.

2. No Manual attention is needed.
3. Reduces drivers job by automaticall y responding to the approaching
vehicles.
4. Circuit is flexible, without much chan ge in the circuit; it can be used with
any 4 wheeler.
5. Automatically controlled & Easy to use.

Disadvantages:

1. In this project usage of relays leads to consume more power.

2. One time investment cost

Applications:

1. This project can be used for all kinds of two wheeler.

2. Further this project can be to eliminate key-lock arrangement altogether.
3. This project can also be implemented in a confined area / geological area, so as to restrict
the movement of vehicle including two-wheelers.
4. This project is very useful for the confidential meetings, secret occasions and other
similar requirements.
5. Near the petrol Pumps, LPG Storages & Explosive Storage Places to prevent any possible
damage due to the Cell Phone / GSM frequency, which may trigger explosion.
6. In the military Camps, Defense establishments etc to prevent the information leaking.
7. The cell phone may cause malfunctioning of the Bio-Medical Equipment. So this project
can be used in the hospitals to detect the active mobile device.