CLASSIFICATION OF

TYPES OF
CONSTRUCTIONS

CC

Final version
15/10/1997

EN
 Classification of Types of Constructions
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Part I

INTRODUCTION

General remarks

1. The Classification of Types of Constructions (CC) has been developed on the basis of the provisional
Central Product Classification (CPC) published in 1991 by the United Nations. CPC distinguishes in
Division 52 "Constructions" between the two main categories "Buildings" and "Civil engineering works"
which in CC are also used as major groups.

CC tries at the same time to be consistent with the UN recommandations applicable in this field :

- the definitions concerning the current housing and construction statistics for the countries of the
ECE/UN region (1994)1, and

- the recommendations for the 1990 censuses of population and housing in the ECE region2.

2. Compared with the CPC-structure the CC-version of "Buildings" has been subdivided more detailed and
includes a considerable number of additional items.

3. CC is designed to serve different purposes such as statistics on construction activities, construction

reports, building and housing censuses and price statistics on construction work and national accounts.
In addition, CC is to be used for the definition of constructions which will be needed for the provision of
information on specific variables (e.g. building permits, production) concerning short term indicators.
Also, CC is designed to be used for the whole life of a construction : changes in use, transactions,
renovations, demolition. Finally, CC could be used as classification standard for the procurement and
tenders on public works contracts initiated by the Commission.

4. The classification uses the decimal system and includes :

2 Sections (1-digit)
6 Divisions (2-digit)
20 Groups (3-digit)
46 Classes (4-digit)

5. This publication consists of three parts :

Part I Introduction
Part II Structure
Part III Explanatory notes

Classification principles

6. In this classification, constructions are subdivided into "Buildings" and "Civil engineering works". Within
these sections CC differentiates primarily according to the technical design which results from the special
use of the structure (e.g. commercial buildings, road structures, waterworks, pipelines) and, in particular
for buildings, according to the main use (e.g. residential, non-residential). The site of a construction, its
ownership and the institution to which it belongs are normally irrelevant criteria for this classification and

1 Statistical Standards and Studies, No 43, United Nations, New York, 1994.
2 Statistical Standards and Studies, No 40, United Nations, New York, 1987.
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have not been taken into account, except in a few cases.

7. Civil engineering works are classified mainly according to the engineering design which is determined by
the purpose of the structure.

Definitions

8. Constructions are structures connected with the ground which are made of construction materials and
components and/or for which construction work is carried out. In this respect, the preparation of soil,
planting or sowing etc. for agricultural purposes are not regarded as constructions.

9. Buildings are roofed constructions which can be used separately, have been built for permanent
purposes, can be entered by persons and are suitable or intended for protecting persons, animals or
objects.

Buildings do not necessarily need walls. It is sufficient for them to have a roof, but there must be a
demarcation which constitutes the individual character of the building to be used separately.

A separate building is any free-standing building; also, in the case of interconnected structures (e.g.
semi-detached or terraced houses), any unit separated from other units by a fire wall extending from roof
to cellar is considered an individual building. If there is no fire wall the interconnected building units are
regarded as individual buildings if they have their own access (own entrance) as well as their own utility
system and are separately usable.

For technical reasons, buildings also include separately usable underground constructions which can be
entered by persons and are suitable or intended for protecting persons, animals or objects (e.g.
underground shelters, underground hospitals, underground shopping centers and workshops,
underground garages).

Buildings are subdivided into residential and non-residential buildings.

10.Residential buildings are constructions at least half of which is used for residential purposes. If less than
half of the overall useful floor area is used for residential purposes, the building is classified under non-
residential buildings in accordance with its purpose-oriented design.

11.Non-residential buildings are constructions which are mainly used or intended for non-residential
purposes. If at least half of the overall useful floor area is used for residential purposes, the building is
classified as a residential building.

12. The overall useful floor area does not include :

- construction areas (e.g. areas of demarcation components, supports, columns, pillars, shafts,
chimneys)
- functional areas for ancillary use (e.g. areas occupied by heating and air-conditioning installations, or
by power generators)
- thoroughfares (e.g. areas of stairwells, lifts, escalators)

The part of the overall useful area of a building used for residential purposes includes the area used for
kitchens, living rooms, bedrooms and ancillary rooms, cellars and common rooms used by the owners of
the residential units.

13.Civil engineering works are all constructions not classified under buildings : railways, roads, bridges,
highways, airport runways, dams etc.

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Guidelines for classifying constructions

14.The unit to be used for classification is generally the individual construction (building, road, pipeline etc.).
In certain cases it is only possible to apply it to a property as a whole.

15.For complex constructions consisting, for example, of several buildings, each building is to be classified
as a separate unit. If, for example, a school consists of a school building and a hostel, the school building
is to be assigned to 1263, whereas the hostel belongs to 1130. However, as mentioned above, if no
detailed data are available, the complex is classified to 1263.

16.As mentioned before, constructions are classified according to their specific use. Constructions used or
designed for several purposes (e.g. a combined residential, hotel and office building) are to be assigned
to one classification item, according to the main use. The main use is to be determined as follows :

- The different purposes of the construction with their particular percentage of the overall useful area
have to be calculated, with the purposes/uses allocated to the classification items.

- Then the construction is classified according to the "top-down" method : The construction is first
assigned to the 1-digit section (buildings or civil engineering works) which covers the largest share of
the overall area; then, it is assigned to the 2-digit division (Residential building, non-residential
building, transport infrastructure etc.) with the largest share within the section. At the next stage it is
assigned to the 3-digit group with the largest share within the division. Finally to the 4-digit class with
the largest share of the overall area within the group.

17.This rule can be illustrated on the basis of the following theoretical example :

The overall useful area of a building is broken down into :

Type of use Percentage of overall CC Class

useful area
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4 flats 30 % 1122

Office of a credit institute 10 % 1220

Pharmacy and shops 20 % 1230

Library 30 % 1262

Doctor's practice 10 % 1264

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In this case the building is to be classified as follows :

- in the 2-digit division 12 "Non-residential buildings" because this covers the major percentage (70%)

- in the 3-digit group 126 "Buildings for public entertainment, education or hospital and institutional care"
because this covers the major percentage (40%) within division 12

- finally in the 4-digit class 1262 "Museums and libraries" because this class covers the major percentage
(30 %) within unit group 126.

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Part II

STRUCTURE

1 BUILDINGS CPC references

11 Residential buildings
111 One-dwelling buildings
1110 One-dwelling buildings 52 111.p1

112 Two- and more dwelling buildings

1121 Two-dwelling buildings 52 111.p2
1122 Three- and more dwelling buildings 52 119.p1

113 Residences for communities

1130 Residences for communities 52 119.p2

12 Non-residential buildings
121 Hotels and similar buildings
1211 Hotel buildings 52 124.p1
1212 Other short-stay accommodation buildings 52 124.p2

122 Office buildings

1220 Office buildings 52 122.p1

123 Wholesale and retail trade buildings

1230 Wholesale and retail trade buildings 52 122.p2

124 Traffic and communication buildings

1241 Communication buildings, stations, terminals and associated buildings 52 122.p3
1242 Garage buildings 52 122.p4

125 Industrial buildings and warehouses

1251 Industrial buildings 52 121.p1
1252 Reservoirs, silos and warehouses 52 121.p2

126 Public entertainment, education, hospital or institutional care

buildings
1261 Public entertainment buildings 52 123
1262 Museums and libraries 52 125.p1
1263 School, university and research buildings 52 125.p2
1264 Hospital or institutional care buildings 52 126
1265 Sports halls 52 279.p1

127 Other non-residential buildings

1271 Non-residential farm buildings 52 129.p1
1272 Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities 52 129.p2
1273 Historic or protected monuments 52 129.p3
1274 Other buildings not elsewhere classified 52 129.p4

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2 CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS CPC references

21 Transport infrastructures
211 Highways, streets and roads
2111 Highways 52 211.p1
2112 Streets and roads 52 211.p2

212 Railways
2121 Long-distance railways 52 212.p1
2122 Urban railways 52 212.p2

213 Airfield runways

2130 Airfield runways 52 213

214 Bridges, elevated highways, tunnels and subways

2141 Bridges and elevated highways 52 221 + 52 222
2142 Tunnels and subways 52 223 + 52 224

215 Harbours, waterways, dams and other waterworks

2151 Harbours and navigable canals 52 232
2152 Dams 52 233
2153 Aqueducts, irrigation and cultivation waterworks 52 231 + 52 234

22 Pipelines, communication and electricity lines

221 Long-distance pipelines, communication and electricity lines
2211 Long-distance oil and gas pipelines 52 241.p2
2212 Long-distance water pipelines 52 241.p1
2213 Long-distance telecommunication lines 52 242
2214 Long-distance electricity lines 52 243

222 Local pipelines and cables

2221 Local gas supply lines 52 250.p1
2222 Local water supply pipelines 52 250.p2
2223 Local waste water pipelines 52 250.p3
2224 Local electricity and telecommunication cables 52 250.p4

23 Complex constructions on industrial sites

230 Complex constructions on industrial sites
2301 Constructions for mining or extraction 52 261
2302 Power plant constructions 52 262
2303 Chemical plant constructions 52 263
2304 Heavy industrial plants, not elsewhere classified 52 269

24 Other civil engineering works

241 Sport and recreation constructions
2411 Sports grounds 52 271
2412 Other sport and recreation constructions 52 279.p2

242 Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified

2420 Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified 52 290

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Part III

Explanatory notes

1 BUILDINGS

11 Residential buildings

111 1110 One-dwelling buildings

This class includes :
- detached houses such as bungalows, villas, chalets, forest lodges, farmhouses,
country houses, summer houses, weekend houses, etc.
This class also includes :
- semi-detached or terraced houses, with each dwelling having its own roof and its own
entrance directly from ground surface
This class excludes :
- non-residential farm buildings 1271

112 Two- and more dwelling buildings

1121 Two-dwelling buildings

This class includes :
- detached houses, semi-detached or terraced houses, with two dwellings
This class excludes :
- semi-detached or terraced houses, with each dwelling having its own roof and its own
entrance directly from ground surface 1110

1122 Three- and more dwelling buildings

This class includes :
- other residential buildings such as flat blocks, apartment houses, with three or more
dwellings
This class excludes :
- residences for communities 1130
- hotels 1211
- youth hostels, holiday camps and vacation bungalows 1212

113 1130 Residences for communities

This class includes :
- residential buildings for communities, including residences and service residences for
the elderly, students, children and other social groups, e.g. retirement homes, workers'
hostels, fraternity homes, orphanages, hostels for the homeless, etc.
This class excludes :
- hospitals and clinics 1264
- institutional buildings with nursing or medical care 1264
- prisons, barracks 1274

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12 Non-residential buildings

121 Hotels and similar buildings

1211 Hotel buildings

This class includes :
- hotels, motels, inns, pensions and similar lodging buildings, with or without restaurants
This class also includes :
- detached restaurants and bars
This class excludes :
- restaurants in apartment buildings 1122
- youth hostels, mountain refuges, holiday camps, vacation bungalows 1212
- restaurants in shopping centers 1230

1212 Other short-stay accommodation buildings

This class includes :
- youth hostels, mountain refuges, children's or family holiday camps, vacation
bungalows, holiday and rest homes and other lodging buildings for holiday makers,
not elsewhere classified
This class excludes :
- hotels and similar lodging buildings 1211
- amusement and leisure parks 2412

122 1220 Office buildings

This class includes :
- buildings used as places of business, for clerical and administrative purposes, e.g.
banks, post offices, municipal offices, government department offices, etc.
This class also includes :
- conference and congress centers, law courts, parliament buildings
This class excludes :
- offices in buildings mainly used for other purposes

123 1230 Wholesale and retail trade buildings

This class includes :
- shopping centers, shopping malls, department stores, detached shops and boutiques,
halls used for fairs, auctions and exhibitions, indoor markets, service stations, etc.
This class excludes :
- shops in buildings mainly used for other purposes

124 Traffic and communication buildings

1241 Communication buildings, stations, terminals and associated buildings

This class includes :
- buildings and installations of civil and military airports, rail stations, bus stations and
harbour terminals, cablecar and chairlift stations
- radio and television broadcast buildings, telephone exchange buildings,
telecommunication centers, etc.
This class also includes :
- airplane hangars, signal-box buildings and engine and wagon sheds
- telephone booths
- lighthouse buildings
- air traffic control buildings (towers)

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This class excludes :

- service stations 1230
- reservoirs, silos and warehouses 1252
- railway tracks 212
- airfield runways 2130
- telecommunication lines and masts 2213, 2224
- terminals for hydrocarbons 2303

1242 Garage buildings

This class includes :
- garages (overground or underground) and roofed car parks
This class also includes :
- bicycle sheds
This class excludes :
- carparks in buildings mainly used for other purposes
- service stations 1230

125 Industrial buildings and warehouses

1251 Industrial buildings

This class includes :
- covered buildings used for industrial production, e.g. factories, workshops,
slaughterhouses, breweries, assembly plants, etc.
This class excludes :
- reservoirs, silos and warehouses 1252
- non-residential farm buildings 1271
- complex industrial installations (power stations, refineries, etc.) which do not have the
characteristics of a building 230

1252 Reservoirs, silos and warehouses

This class includes :
- reservoirs and tanks
- reservoirs for oil and gas
- silos for cereals, cement or other dry aggregates
- cold stores and specialized warehouses
This class also includes :
- storage areas
This class excludes :
- agricultural silos and storage buildings used for agriculture 1271
- water towers 2222
- hydrocarbon terminals 2303

126 Public entertainment, education, hospital or institutional care buildings

1261 Public entertainment buildings

This class includes :
- cinemas, concert halls, opera houses, theaters, etc.
- meeting halls and multi-purpose halls mainly used for public entertainment
- casinos, circuses, music halls, dance-halls and discotheques, bandstands, etc.
This class excludes :
- museums, art galleries 1262
- sports halls 1265
- amusement and leisure parks 2412

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1262 Museums and libraries

This class includes :
- museums, art galleries, libraries and resource centers
This class also includes :
- archives buildings
This class excludes :
- historic monuments 1273

1263 School, university and research buildings

This class includes :
- buildings used for pre-primary, primary and secondary education (e.g. nursery
schools, kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools, colleges, grammar
schools, technical schools, etc.), formal education schools, vocational training schools
- buildings used for higher education and research; research laboratories; higher
educational establishments
This class also includes :
- special schools for handicapped children
- further education colleges
- weather stations, observatory buildings
This class excludes :
- hostels which are detached buildings of boarding schools 1130
- hostels for students 1130
- libraries 1262
- university hospitals 1264

1264 Hospital or institutional care buildings

This class includes :
- institutions providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for ill or injured
people
- sanatoria, long-stay hospitals and nursing homes, psychiatric hospitals, dispensaries,
maternity facilities, maternal and child welfare centers
This class also includes :
- university hospitals, hospitals of penitentiaries, prisons or armed forces
- buildings used for thermal treatment, thalassotherapy, functional rehabilitation, blood
transfusion, breast milk collection, veterinary treatment, etc.
- institutional buildings with combined residential/lodging services and nursing or
medical care. for the elderly, for handicapped people, etc.
This class excludes :
- residences and homes with social assistance (welfare) services for old or
handicapped people, etc. 1130

1265 Sports halls

This class includes :
- buildings used for indoor sports (basketball and tennis courts, swimming pools,
gymnastic halls, skating or ice-hockey rinks, etc.) providing facilities for spectators
(stands, terraces, etc.) and for participants (shower and changing rooms, etc.)
This class excludes :
- multi-purpose halls mainly used for public entertainment 1261
- sports grounds used for open-air sports, e.g. open-air tennis courts, open-air
swimming pools, etc. 2411

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127 Other non-residential buildings

1271 Non-residential farm buildings

This class includes :
- farm buildings and storage buildings used for agriculture farming, e.g. cowsheds,
stables, pig houses, sheep-folds, studs, kennels, industrial hen-houses, granaries,
hangars and agricultural outhouses, cellars, wine making plant, wine vats,
greenhouses, agricultural silos, etc.
This class excludes :
- installations of zoological and botanical gardens 2412

1272 Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities

This class includes :
- churches, chapels, mosques, synagogues, etc.
This class also includes :
- cemeteries and associated constructions, funeral parlors, crematoriums
This class excludes :
- secularized religious buildings, used as museums 1262
- historic monuments, etc. 1273

1273 Historic or protected monuments

This class includes :
- historic or protected buildings, of any kind, not used for other purposes
This class also includes :
- protected ruins, archeological excavations and prehistoric sites
- statues and commemorative, artistic or decorative constructions
This class excludes :
- museums 1262
- religious buildings 1272

1274 Other buildings not elsewhere classified

This class includes :
- penitentiaries, prisons and remand centers, barracks for armed forces, police or fire
services
This class also includes :
- structures such as bus shelters, public toilets, wash houses, etc.
This class excludes :
- telephone booths 1241
- hospitals of penitentiaries, prisons and armed forces 1264
- military engineering works 2420

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2 CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS

21 Transport infrastructures

211 Highways, streets and roads

2111 Highways
This class includes :
- motorways and roads for long-distance traffic, including interchanges and junctions
This class also includes :
- installations for lighting, signaling, safety and parking
This class excludes :
- motorway service stations 1230
- bridges and elevated highways 2141
- tunnels and subways 2142

2112 Streets and roads

This class includes :
- streets inside towns and villages, country roads and pathways (including open-air
parkings, interchanges, junctions, roundabouts and circles), e.g. streets, avenues,
alleys, lanes, unmetalled roads, by-roads, access roads, farm or forest tracks,
footpaths, bridle and bicycle paths, squares, pedestrian ways and precincts
This class also includes :
- installations for lighting, signaling, safety and parking

212 Railways

2121 Long-distance railways

This class includes :
- main railway lines, sidings, rail points, railway crossings, station shunting and sorting
lines
This class also includes :
- installations used for lighting, signaling, safety and electrification
This class excludes :
- railway stations 1241
- railway bridges 2141
- railway tunnels 2142

2122 Urban railways

This class includes :
- metropolitan railways, underground, in cuttings or overhead; suspension and elevated
railways; urban networks, segregated from other traffic, etc.; tramways
This class also includes :
- installations used for lighting, signaling, safety and electrification

213 2130 Airfield runways

This class includes :
- runways for take-off, landing or taxiing
This class also includes :
- installations used for lighting, signaling and safety

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214 Bridges, elevated highways, tunnels and subways

2141 Bridges and elevated highways

This class includes :
- road or rail bridges of metal, concrete or other materials, including structures for
elevated highways
This class also includes :
- installations used for lighting, signaling and safety
- mobile bridges, viaducts, farm and forest track bridges and footbridges

2142 Tunnels and subways

This class includes :
- highway, road and railway tunnels, subways
This class also includes
- installations used for lighting, signaling and safety

215 Harbours, waterways, dams and other waterworks

2151 Harbours and navigable canals

This class includes :
- sea or river ports (quays, docks, side-docks, jetties, moles, etc.)
- navigable canals
- river works and canal constructions (locks, canal bridges and tunnels), wharves,
embankments and tow-paths
This class also includes :
- military ports
- shipyards
This class excludes :
- lighthouses 1241
- dams and similar water-retaining constructions 2152
- coastal and riverside hydrocarbon terminals 2303
- marinas 2412

2152 Dams
This class includes :
- dams and similar water-retaining constructions for every type of use: hydro-electricity,
irrigation, flow regulation, flood prevention
This class also includes :
- dikes, bank protection structures
This class excludes :
- locks 2151
- hydro-electric power stations 2302

2153 Aqueducts, irrigation and cultivation waterworks

This class includes :
- irrigation canals and other water supply constructions for the purpose of land
cultivation
- aqueducts
This class also includes :
- drainage works and open drain ditches
This class excludes :
- aqueducts as historic monuments 1273
- dams 2152
- water pipelines 2212, 2222

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22 Pipelines, communication and electricity lines

221 Long-distance pipelines, communication and electricity lines

2211 Long-distance oil and gas pipelines

This class includes :
- long-distance overland, underground or submarine pipelines for the conveyance of
petroleum products and gas
- long-distance overland, underground or submarine pipelines for chemicals and other
products
This class also includes :
- pumping stations
This class excludes :
- water pipelines 2212, 2222
- urban gas supply lines 2221
- terminals for hydrocarbons 2303

2212 Long-distance water pipelines

This class includes :
- long-distance overland, underground or submarine pipelines for the conveyance of
water
This class also includes :
- pumping, filtering and catchment stations
This class excludes :
- irrigation canals and aqueducts 2153
- local supply pipelines for water 2222

2213 Long-distance telecommunication lines

This class includes :
- long-distance overland, underground or submarine telecommunication lines, relay
systems, radio and television or cable networks, relay towers, telecommunication
masts and infrastructure for radio communication
This class excludes :
- electricity lines 2214
- urban telecommunication networks 2224

2214 Long-distance electricity lines

This class includes :
- long-distance overland or underground high or medium tension electric power
distribution lines
This class also includes :
- transformer stations and substations, pylons
This class excludes :
- road lighting installations 2111, 2112
- urban electric power distribution lines and ancillary installations 2224

222 Local pipelines and cables

2221 Local gas supply lines

This class includes :
- local overland or underground pipelines for the conveyance of gas

2222 Local water supply pipelines

This class also includes :
- local pipelines for the conveyance of hot water, steam or compressed air
- water towers, wells, fountains and hydrants

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This class excludes :

- irrigation installations 2153
- water purification installations 2223

2223 Local waste water pipelines

This class includes :
- sewer networks and waste water collectors
This class also includes :
- waste water treatment plants

2224 Local electricity and telecommunication cables

This class includes :
- local electricity and telecommunication cables (overland or underground) and ancillary
installations (transformer stations and substations, telegraph poles, etc.)
This class also includes :
- local television cables and associated collective antennae

23 230 Complex constructions on industrial sites

This division includes complex industrial installations (power stations, refineries, etc.)
which do not have the characteristics of a building

2301 Constructions for mining or extraction

This class includes :
- installations and constructions for mining, the extraction of hydrocarbon deposits,
quarrying, exploitation of gravel pits, etc. (e.g. loading and discharging stations,
winding towers, etc.)
- plaster works, cement works, brick works, tile works, etc.

2302 Power plant constructions

This class includes :
- hydraulic or thermal power stations and equipment for generating electricity, e.g. coal
fired power stations, nuclear power stations, wind-driven power stations
This class also includes :
- plants for treating and processing nuclear material
- waste incinerators
This class excludes :
- dams 2152
- electricity lines, including transformer stations and substations 2214

2303 Chemical plant constructions

This class includes :
- installations constituting a chemical, petrochemical plant or refinery
This class also includes :
- terminals for hydrocarbons
- coking plants, gasworks

2304 Heavy industrial plants, not elsewhere classified

This class includes :
- installations constituting a heavy industrial site such as blast furnaces, rolling mills,
foundries, etc.

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24 Other civil engineering works

241 Sport and recreation constructions

2411 Sports grounds

This class includes :
- grounds for sports generally played in the open air such as football, baseball, rugby,
marine sports, track and field, car, bicycle or horse races
This class excludes :
- sports halls for indoor sports 1265
- playgrounds, amusement or leisure parks 2412
- golf courses 2412
- harbour installations for marinas 2412

2412 Other sport and recreation constructions

This class includes :
- amusement parks or leisure parks and other open-air installations including mountain
installations (ski runs and trails, chairlifts etc.), golf courses, air-fields, equestrian
centers, harbour installations for marinas and installations which are mostly used for
marine sports, equipment for beaches
This class also includes :
- public gardens and parks, zoological and botanical gardens
This class excludes :
- mountain refuges 1212
- cable car and chair lift stations 1241
- buildings for public entertainment 1261
- zoological and botanical garden buildings 1261
- sports halls 1265

242 2420 Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified

This class includes :
- military engineering works, e.g. forts, blockhouses, bunkers, firing ranges, military
testing centers, etc.
- civil engineering works not elsewhere classified, including satellite launching sites
This class also includes
- derelict industrial or urban constructions
- waste dumps
This class excludes :
- airport buildings and installations 1241
- barracks (buildings) 1274
- military ports 2151

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