PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA

Risk Factors:
Age (>65)
Certain Dse (HIV/AIDS; Heart dse) Transmission
Smoking >People with pneumonia expel infected droplets of mucus
Exposure to some chemical s or pollutants (toxic fumes) into the air when they cough.
>Pneumonia is spread when others breathe the infected
droplets.
Acute Pain S. pneumoniae enters the air way

Frequent nonproductive Bacteria attachment and colonization to the mucus and cells
cough of the nasopharynx

Risk for aspiration

Spread of organism in the Upon auscultation crackling
nasopharynx sounds, coarse breathing,
Impaired oral mucosa
wheezing may be heard, and/or
the breathing may be faint in a
Invasion of organism in the bronchial
Breath trough the particular area of the chest.
tree
mouth

Impaired host defense mechanism

Ineffective airway clearance
Adherence of organism in the
Damage to the surface cells alveolar wall
Increased mucus
production
Fluid enters the alveoli and Chest x-ray may show a blotchy-
Activity white area, where fluid and pus has
intolerance Ineffective breathing pattern inflammation accumulated in the lung's air sacs

Impaired gas exchange Parenchymal and Alveolar sacs tend to Consolidation of red cells and
consolidate leukocytes in the lungs

Fatigue
A
 A

Cytokine Bradykinin Histamine

stimulate Narrowing of blood

Stimulate goblets cells vessels

Increase in Air pass trough narrowed

-cough
temperature airways
Cough medicines/ -rales
antitussives -colds
Fever DOB

Hyperthermia r/t sputum grain stain test may determine

Antipyretics the cause and severity of the Bronchodilator/
infectious process condition.
Oxygen Therapy

blood test may determine the

cause and severity of the Antibacterial/
condition Antiviral

LEGEND
Signs and symptoms References:
Nursing Diagnosis http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135
Diagnostic tests http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/205/main.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48088405/Pneumonia
Drugs http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs