SNe ere eed See eer N. Das spells out the reasons for the downfall of Ce er ay Pree ee eee ser ee eee ae politically corrupt and violent as tis today. Dr Das reviews the highlights ofits glorious past—as a centre of reform and learning and as the birthplace of men like Gautama Buddha and Asoka—and then takes readers through the factors that have been responsible for Bihar’s fall from grace. Important for anyone wishing to understand modern India, the book presents a new and lucid view ofa state that will Pee ee eer Coreen India R75‘Gh wate rca etn ator i ad ‘Sapte tof ol cn apt caer ‘Set Het bes soc irra 2 emacs red ‘San cune paca npr i cane ‘rear se en fen a eee Sass a Edges hie nu hoeThe Republic of BIHAR ARVIND N. DAS PENGUIN BOOKSContents Proce Bin Aspects of Changing Cone Bina’ Many Pex: Development and Dein 10 ‘Bias Silty Hist Pepecie/ 18 ur dete Rj ‘ean Pts in Bhar: A Compe Sry f Semele 33 ‘iar Ute eee 37 “The Cure of esa iar Feat Fo Below / 62 Stgoaton Over Cente: ars Poverty of Cure ‘rowing Violence iar Socal Rog of he Ci oth Can /72 ope and Despi)7 Sars Ro 53 Sil Fragrectatnn Bla Toe Vise Soc 100 ‘Bihar New Pale 16 ‘Toe ena i121 Sune canes Rm / 34 ‘ibicgrphicand Other Sores 189 ‘Aapenic 17Preface “Te distance Union nd Yageava mae cert inl Crate au leaden poe teepiewer Te {icin comtestx astern teen tte set he ee ply enscout of verconralanton se apce Ooms amno {alg for aout Ina th te emerpence of power ‘hamional ‘mies meray tes wo ma factors: On Pieces, veligns, inguae opis. bes, and ven ‘Sts On te eer, he nea pie egy of ‘te enced by Oe poco dence, Novels is metabe Ade mtg ise of nity es gion pre, By constiaon ‘etn aii ono se edi pi it rscmt ‘nase: However inl sits, ofl he ses a ‘ke op Ini ssn popu, Bh th wont Tas ok asempat explore sme oft cars td consoucn of Bie’ tiated cand sade, Te sae rs ele ‘ht vem pone for sre chew. Aud pe tog ocieuurat deniy Ii fame let Heal, bt Bhar Shs ot eee a xy beyond he ages “Tusa however, ee nv or een pene Sc degeraioofencases people deine temslvesinonespeted‘MINERAL MAP ‘OF BIHAR Why Bihar? Dibarfaigu'. Al at seems to emanate fom tis belghied sae ae ‘etry, politi cupid. cate its and cultural degeneration IF not ‘Scere acafemi taper fs are ae as TRntacresavalbe tothe reader suf laren mats feezering Bar, The eden. hen dele Bihar whinging beng and reptile othe poston oan ie ‘hott ue ae so ungilnischreeiis aris de ‘elevate whats happening nh esto nl an enon eo a [Stapp ate estore wa, ny st beso most pols sao nin ion mmensly ‘tral plteatecononiedeeopmen in nda Ine a may ‘pon betel onc stpnatn conocer Assertion ener cnisionot loging ism et and ‘wins ihe optimism fs yout Ase, Bir hols sa forte ogress selene buaism and regress soxial barbus, BiharPepuice/ Bar ols bth posits an ui why own Bihar iim a ay even, a ead ions of Fopls hee Bet ‘sot inparance fr nia Every Ba cholate i our ieson tt Bia ire ze of Fmce An. every Bik ‘Sli at ereforehve wooded wy rnc sn nde atc, rule isdn, whe iar. Which s reas {he hac consnt real ths. Tesi Chonan es oe demint for nung Pons sues pesion {hoo rn Yay made fence Bond iory nb fat as cnfrence a Ch Mine, When mie aon te ree ines pry, be ete don cre who a 1 ‘Kaviaas ong come Canagupa tis sths pole wn veo erosge mine rae Dep seep fins ndconfon ther own dealin ula es obvious fom tis lingo irs pon let, mn mater poston to low te thee bat tthe sane ine th etc’ Wh hein Bia ves ptountet on ie a fa A History ofthe Future ‘sizonas ove cvizon ater hens Vale cea estore, the reps, rons and tan cones of Bh ‘tte he Boothe, Matar, Chang arya Asa, Shah Sun Si sea hak oes Laka pilesophrs dS ris cocker eee "Whithashppe nthe seo degrades then ht Bart so Sergi aay Wi iar? Ee islence md ecmomle ‘ar gh pe ieee irae al ‘Sion nae at eae of theo endowe ne we Ie ated ler cemares of tying Bi hs copped oto franewsk of ciiluaon? is Barbe expo tnd! Ort ‘net ei showing my a's nw, cm ero frie igs ed in, at ‘Stel test pcan: Te eso becom we ‘ging pcarisio nee so power fling eng or es pli ras, pending reception nih what conser “rasan Assam Pui, Tam Nad Kasi ev a the vin of video tas pened he mere which a tothe vy ‘har ofthe body pli, Bir era aber has bce Lc wonder afew gusto son jet how minigessmachof ‘he plea ender’ pois are Plas sas show tha a 98090 cme wot up In aby ling four Pr cet ‘suing the den ofa 0 pple. Computed eh As ‘ithatto 60 appears) pact al even Pn with {tongs lg bd In Bards went pf 2.77 O87 103.172 in 9 dhappings reef 1308 145i ame eid thal aso alt ty Modes ws inate st mae a ‘Alte has harps wie nerf roses he Congres he Sn Dal UD he ray a Pary(Pno he rat Da eA ig exe of sch litigate y Sihars came, wae miner a chrge enw and eee ‘stint rap Singh's govern sd by df pole neo "rom hat pt, at sa Mach 198, be el fh ily on ie Sor oi aa mia New Dah Whe compeTrekenbea Bite usin een the. sn nonin ‘ene tient te cea etablshmentsntbuberssbout ‘otal staaion othe el fh in scone chs be ese fal the fags of aloo Yad, eae hr ‘oye inte. op al Krsna Avie Ram jose nd ‘Si unagt went! he ema contagion ach mgt ell vo iar aterm oh et a. Home rote arson he ery ate he t's plo sonny. "Toe rman of Bitar root 9 eso, ampen “spi at hs Ben nosed en and he nl a extra ‘plea has en std nd hs ce pie teeiaty Isang velo esnng ie rleaton of os paductne sn scly jr cies pee tine of Inala eral prs emesis rus a tise scum Inns etl rape seus ave ee eb or fn tn up he deve ers om poet ean infeed. Tee Baany unt nem of fi equation: te Revsluon bypassing to strapon acco esrfementaton af nd erste abe epi ae Igoe yer tego nel of te e's psd Intstacire” fel ninesen of whve tations ot nee i coin renee psitve When trae esr veut frie tte strive mets ot cmaton re deve! by ex pv Daeaty sd Ksmaping fr ras, lot ané earepin have ts ar? The ces fh prime acumuliton a inne when ‘ucng poverty aod nutan epatasion, wen ype ees ‘Ente oper hand tum sell concer nd ween ity ods owe‘ uasch, when te ty fsb egy ron at wh the emer of bovauratm, he enon fuer epee soy ess neal viene ome to aia sth Sie Ie regime ht ha pene io ‘The compounding of economic backwarnes hoagh the ‘sates fine a he mest aye pret sed Sp be urshng am rade in Bit “Te maybe an oval ‘ctmlopal pty bestsebtereciswaliely wendy ‘eh nafs une fora its iene pee nach & Sora. While hse who and adopt tpg of te The fighning np of coast ne aw 9 ou The tansreginaleon of ene hs een ema by the !nvlemen of Anion away Dhaba The emerges analtnd work volo icenestaBlla sere thes unre rie in Bihar bh cape a Bali eye nny even hf th neta ey polis ea mode tolls id the polation of cine. Th phesameron se ‘ought heap ens erate ot dame ornate borg 3) eighth eet comes a, bh STIntroduction Bihar : Aspects of a Changing Context Section 1 _Acaine when gsi define p io ousants crores pe ‘ssobeng loka tht oninstyrepeingmeey- Nea ‘ea sual wage aby he Magan se wa ny pana the "hoi an ras abou eed age ale on Sate werk ea he mimo wags ws ett 210 gras of ve whieh he ‘mon! gunismais, DD. Koso, pons oa war smo excl ‘ra was pall he lowes dan stu by th gli at eda Company inter sigeerdhceany- Brent tay sealing price ‘ic won Sits pail ate srme mown a ne as he caer wer pi insvortwoan- a lei 0! ‘Of cone ay igs have changed nthe mara Ia sme espe tte pathisng power of money toy Is more than ‘efor Cue ai base fo possibly coe ome tas, Bu ‘hear nay tmnt compton task ftps ue 0 longer sve Ih the sonmatet eosony- Mow and mom ‘eggs hen ple on prching sd the usages infor be pope Wes oe ince as tasty nee ‘Arcola the eat ceneled rasa eines alemdar tpg op ingen an ihThe Rp Bitar "arash ot sit cs ie reed money cctin ince oat fo he poe pple Arca Incr tide ante hater eager tod cer aoye The eps sine oad, Nap of Desay ‘sie aie ft inet mye meds mea ie {55 bbe aio race tale he es oly rea ad oa ave als lk of conor bt bing an or Mao Erbin at tomar win sca Th reins, yea eg: Mat rnin ee baat po Ste mf ean te Ran ws nt tough penn incniw By Be hag Ba ttecaghearay sco ofte bese gle, Oe Be fi ny wis noma, mig ws gael pee Prowse waren teat Darang aaa the Mahajan cond ences Hs mp st a ‘ri orig ttn Ino ne fines ce a ‘ety fore fs en wie se ese os oe ‘vi te bare so orale ec rn). Me peasy ‘tberhasamadof change a wiped arcane ea Se eve dential Sloat 2 al ‘boodige rather than wage payment met TCE eeresing 1 tow Ia ie cone ecm stato of hm Io he Arar scot ea show wich ithe an comer of pes gunconpulionnure uh bar nas ui or The se word nd van mea ed np coree ba wich psa ana eat inten tues te tngr roe ine oa dy eon, sen mor vast ret, cae ‘at ear, ee opi nla Money as tee modes of pein tt ioe seus And hee aac tt finan Bi Semone tees ‘esi enon Of ou rer tes kamapeoc snd oo repo bon icy, nt be igs oes # eur campey: ie thse ewe beans age fom Hee yi the Gents Book of Word Recor fx he wo of ‘Shes tem ely til The ser ee Stowsaed yt owing egal mkt ere. Te pee ot ‘Sheth ‘pots ei Guth event mary er {Ppt sal ay loves ny mine tar Tee sj out fies ang wife conspire aves re (Stuthe cis muti Andhe sight weltodoworencleing fins adn he tha searing gino Rebs sit ferment rota lok down ope. fsrowing ces Het Sie para pees onda ba co mig inure ted err preps and ped pcs a ie towel ses fo te sere o te mare oom) not ‘henson orm caw nines anboers “ho ponde ca rd tense vege wrk a hosewne. Tn Be pte ivy ire: har apa Pam 6 orainon pow a Bu vile he exsen of Su sce) ‘eounie, bed te te grtwing power, dspontcoing and ‘totem edt Pana paifeses without proacion The ‘ne nds in Pinar povemment eden and eh Al tania Sn ‘om hatin ‘ogre Goes, Wien er ih aed & “Stuns cherinrosing inne ming sc flocs The exper of notary atin in Ba ee ‘Seng fin otameing ys makes ler tot ony mameTete Bar ttt makes he ward ond. These erwise nda dings ae deo comer sa echanges wt oon fr Sch inducce—par states orcas lyn sige le “a ling sna en ies pet ‘esengrdtumportilodng ra ese nd {5 NOD cheat seamen ote Poston tac oe lees ie ea ty fe pd taconing opi saan The eats oe ee epee ‘ha sae he ea note Te wo sea ar a ae red ren bm Ye poe eee Ar a ‘ca i eA polit waeing oben spe of ig tbl An. isnot eesta ape sos he ee ‘fe mys ke chin any easly ever nd een Sica hg mags pn th pic oer ening of mney ill oe pete iar “Ths of coe, tas tory owe een in ancofeed nd ditored ei develope Tse ‘etc of calito maybe expe neste a ‘he oat but walt mnie any on afer be cance ‘erolpe opal or rida fama Ine Be umpeh bearamac moh sh ne hei evelyn eat Ba, infunc 8) thas of ead oe ater an aati tek passpemancn concurs se eta spe tft a dtr ve fen a nn idan Gitta dere Thy were med ‘conse i ln eal del Winn of be ts te "Shoes hol serve. The ius were todo el et ‘eas pot a comm hy col sel ely nea a the pac Fenn testers pitt ir ves Te cteeof epee tl ny fir wre yew a wh har Aeon fa Cane Cnet Section 2 Coercion te. oer Bi ofa huni fen foie nara ile tt feos rl plumb ep of aly ana hac make (SS Sten ofthe comcepo lca nde cin ip ‘fonmentanescnbiarsateeene ste his wera ‘Soopers ninth ese he Marr ak abot. Atanas (octnenytoe pag maser and mayhen-—is ihe fof (eBstna ste whe mone a wo oud years ge lod set as mel by Epa Ack Ty, Hasnain sa. eeu Putin of ct oft ek “Reonllasnnate sept degnere nar suing ncnemsenasont torn ‘fenion Ine rone of Beeson veo eros aururdy hepowersrace The ransformaie ie mo et nate oles cesenatd y the cos fonda tem, se vey mach he hd of he ae Se an corm es, bat nr oft cere. Wha more ee rst tose pes fe wales ‘caipoweria Duran difeesse ropes of be Sta oaert Pe tec fn five Wesdpwn of be esas ams of psutton rl Bh nd Sc cmusealiono he oso Sate att, x alton ce Ine of tbe expression of oil over hasan he orn goa, Conese econ igo isnt) fed tevcqtaton anode agvgy ad ear. Ths een TOES ‘sted "stuck bt nly mall pect cs oe cals summoning eis ion, med wales on ep Cheurielpevenge alec pened aml ne soi ear percocet fn onlatan cast ton ceca, marco fom rae pan 0 ealeRe Br aving terete ‘iy rap isp wih oot and dink, fi roe ta rede proce beat oe Commerily-eeed pe hollow. When suet inet of ‘Soon is tail up ie group. armel with watever weapons se ‘Saliba in Barbee no ora of mse sed aoa ese ae ore eer peer ae pred remy “Aeneid ba ena smelt: mol hotest member of pop ener tak eo bee aig {o prowet tae of embes of group nt det ude tacks sd, ving uadtgone tbe chu doh vnece—clese at ee Sta ce a rh og ty ‘gohan er spel eprint exci De eg ‘erp conics rom tne tne lowing hem ow Io ‘lone dwm-cotemeros et fer rma primi ‘generat waringn Pens Afganistan and cevbre. gar ‘eponsofadiled sie nme thereof he Suse AoA Intent exresion fsa soaryenese gery see foc amspoveriems.iniewless Bihar An ghar fe ype ta ‘eat pce inDatehak Bape Angas few yes ago ‘ron! ctl panmee, sae st intra le contit ‘decom! of ae bt sa copa Bu ghar a Be aly ‘unieien of te comple resto Brherewe may eer, ‘Ashas een ebviws ora lege now. Deion rogesson nhs, a ceil bt eco osx ‘Tae tealvyete sii opine bran: And iti at es hoes Bihar ser fe exper. ‘tthe very ln, iar ar pt esa ad roe. And, ile ees of changed epvenaton tei seo es ‘ems guy and ftv iar may prey so mh ‘ome ang hlon in nd’ dernerate copa Frthemanerthowetr Biase snl wt rte per sete onda Bias nel fr fread nebo, ‘en feria es about people wince provide dee our 6 Pine Apc Chine Comet nde he sue an cuit Bier so eto te se fr (Since sour int Lik he acorns, Rh Dai, ‘Shoctex ins an genre weap mace ms sll mee {SIN te tog ef gots own lr Brin ts dents ‘Tones lage moe of anit MLAS and FY 0 ens in Fite on bi of tay’ resing dies. “Te conta cotbaos adhe elon of Bia a x ic ha contd a lason Among he dehansncng ces epetning fn Btu fay are cpl ad commer, Fa fet ‘orang people om ead, te Sune and fed ‘EStaton fs oops a Marcos th rages ‘Teac case sey ex noc. Tecan ‘SHhcoting nen nd xpltave nner hanced sult Tn Bin, povery Half hs devdoped_ ts own cute of camara. Teste ihe love era eone eat ecznge of pone the pney ne ad wit iia pmle Eopestescmmererongenfemses roa ies ‘Cine eaon ts povied y larg ambe oe est feonensiar oar knowaty ecaearefMahat—rat ee Fyne, decane, ved ne igs fe aan coon. “Mhasungen en ann Hombres els anda ‘tae Ths nal ch of omental, Wich as Jifed «money tle on may Rem wtih wee exer cus ie Tatas to de cuche of dommes ngs A como ae tore Ma Btn Png One of src nie he {fundchene of Suaizaion bung Mas hve ben eh ‘fenumane Rider afer the sgsfyr who vee sed nif yovery demir an uals. odes wea nie in pact, whee weal ee witou popormans sence of Ineament td ope fer ima expe profane ‘samy 0 ity each moe 4 eineThe Rabif er ‘hatter inthis. nye besa innit pe i eee ot Gy op ‘atc nthe cone ete hale Bs ona atch pl ino thecal wd ia acarvin aon a ‘inked essed em fe mf. ir edo eps gery even ee And et ‘ert ig sini cen he sabe lin aon sd that of Bi. Wea witout ener power wits redecon inte witha invent. id cont taoich encore the Brotng gulf mai operos adn Bt etn aly, the menus of cian te pe cma ‘italy es he oof acl aon, Whew ge aj ef pole cals le ere estes ea oper hasnt pene I sachs st, power cena Seon rer andpyscal face Tet pon pre inh prinialy ims bat mony ee Rrerbode ara? Sot dma concn obese th me rat Son primitive uci S whack an nino owe ele be ene of eemeny the aes fs ca In Bihar th cy ty be. Anda bs at sod wort pow ae exo wer fea aa aio, rome and plc wich cee ay fer many ere ot Stuns o ra lnc; sa eae ply lean Vlae fill ay lag o + stato omer mnt einen dere eburaigy leer on ‘tough nt oot et epctn ho. eet a sk cmos annul econ, oes tease “he btn of sey tates varons forms Ti ey of ‘tala sh poltenan ous te Pun vay sea ho ect ment agen th ny ofa wih sor alone to appa price te ode pubic oe om he bd bare ine Apc ef Changing Conta serves ete yin aes tao retin Bes he ied orc eo eat ‘ioatateae ie npperten oops (Sematary mmc oe an th dorogsry ‘Mee Hs gr palaon onlace tne pen sry a phe Sell brtalization veal we of the oe ee var fal eps or wre ahs tant aion {febeing desroyed by eed and hate. z we ede eee nt eet fe st ane ft eB fs le 2, Scenes ota nen poco Seis tsar be ais ot Bue es Sil end Scat sent weed cof Scott pep nu sosony oa stem og ning gsof erat,Bihar’s Many Paradoxes : ‘Development and Destitution Section 1 Fore aerage rai, Di inate widost ape, aland beset ‘ih the tons o are bt eid bya nde pop, 2 Inlet nt rly amd i nd mailed by oncing ats ad where pore re inde where Hae be ‘uchofhipcurisel note Mati orale Bina Hans oat and hr atl awa im dens lle Maya ‘iar recog thee fact Unitunay. wile for der the Sibi se orange There thee nen act oi, pot ‘yy he poor maces hostel abel inde tose foe diya survivals bt ten By at socens of Bar's aly ‘as la’ vow neg cae cma Fp cla hey were tein. “hee area paras Bar, te at of whi i te ‘il is at itis Stes oor people The ey the sol inte plas of Bitar compan ht of ype Pineau wosls te teeny of try Geely sans tds ‘ean. poplo sts Bite mes prtecive pon aes ‘fmanpoer than ay coos athe werd I ar eng ays haseies ithiomary piotphiclendcalualysmets wich ave adeninpctne worden Andel iareienasitececomnac eco, and bskyarnet sn sno stp ‘Ringler the toating Nope? Or does ope il fa nie See Section 2 "ora amiet ty Thegeealpicnreofdeivaion an desta ‘Tit hnown. We sal bein whe exception furs within occur oferty, aca an esa. Tee ces fre eiber gently nor unseat and ded ltt ig and een pars of te compete pcre, ft ‘StEk whi heme being fren, coats pve suengiho ‘peoldand i doadnnsead of epi De + nda ‘among he sgn act ou Bite wich re not widely repo ‘Qeentenc in tesco en meee moderns Scae Mee ‘han 6000 crore rope ave Ben ses In he Ste By he cena ‘Srernesonla tren eparmetl naling Tris actus or ‘Bosteneesporcanofeichinsesmen ninaasa ole Mest ‘Spal upload inte ining nara soon mde, ‘spiainesve Meieciolgy heey inst. Tao, ere ‘Soweto ons achemslerscaeby pends ‘ye Tt nd yt mate ovement. Nesting ea heat eh {Siow a of he ‘Non 2 Type Hike the mautcure of spon Si pic ring Weep ‘eed ne neton of eves tel and mera indies. I Prt, mel ps marictring pone Ho, Notte ea and fore alloys hve sare sracing tenors Bit. The ‘Sonening ishta ton climate ober es ke Png hs a0an eee eB Thos whe te int seen ary no ‘A lor wih ilscuesh ree of pve Sor ndsy in ‘iit of Bata Buawan Sigh npr May eas Ne al dsappare from he cose acer one hat the 1931 (Censor il ge mmr of nat! orn Har Ot bythe 191 Cons thy. hod dngpered. Thowoh # process of Psi histo derve wrk he escuchar alte say of Ste opuwan Sng nh bt ery. tha apd by theexample ofthe pant, wan Sng stared a tena Danks of te Ganga. At Bat un, howerer, te tn ity was Amine by impos ro Brain an he Bish ee wee est an Wishtbysvaray often sth an hed is workers ‘ereharese in many ways az onl hen impr cheap batons frm Japan bec stati! hat Bahan Sng wat st ely et Alonebot nen emouragsby te gore of peng gh as fn impred batons uw Sigh hi yi wel and he poe ed equine pot i ot of exile ee ls Larose tons However ah nay ws ang oh Scand Worl War tear. Inpors fom pa Sopped andar bans asa Bish batoes wer lowered, Bua Sigs Indien Industry could sot congete or was duet patie by ie ugg iia ufos warns. Me folios pss, wet ko bing nad one mole mas ada tote ag of Bias bs Bajawan Singh and his bates wero ous ney ‘eal scale Buty do reeset wt happened indy a iar ‘ea Wis oly ge see pete pole stmt in pte miners nds hat sna on evn ued a ‘toaoralandimertiona es beyond cnt! entepeest ‘isos utensil eure oe ped ie bd, asl beenalloed wo Nver Intenso employment gargs dst eve fue reve india employment in seve Bitar dies he Dhan arash, Sige, Rages ag, Soa Pps, Gaya and Ippo be wellhead serge: One wou hereto ie be crops wai expe tt mens fan Meet ave serpe on sun fenvalerate ‘oc in te socal mao star The borers ott. rienture gues ltd ast 0 alles hat Bhar may no be as ‘ctwar aris hon ob Areay ar 97-14, one dts oped we atin higher ne lala erage, Whe a ‘tis fares bec reas asad water arab 0 ‘So oer deine snl noma itl f 150 lies five, tice —Gayn Nate, Rebs, Pa, Nava and Mveber_compard wel wih surfs ft srry ‘ecadanse seta Pah, Haryana Se wee tar Pradesh “Ie consmpton of NP felis yr taete of pom copped {her ates But he re was Naber Sever! ase of Bihar Cnr oth ald teapot n187 hen ‘Spal Nejan moverent ewe pes, ea parlpar a ‘oe ary ral a uy rae te sn fo mes Jann te movements Gn Gud aos wef ow ha expat de) dees tems easly of ers Ih le hy whan te county Ra a pat er te ‘tason ha nt ipod a Bitar ns ffi aaa. The er anager of teeing ald oer Bia, nt ran fon west Ut Penh conan he eres ‘Meron andin Bites UP New mer bys et ‘eof zest dear xls Wakes 88 ag. However "Sharan rplarrevcera His mews suek Wy he aber of ‘no crs on on no Og st deve ‘Sy inference pial 00Tek Br ‘White senna spect of it's agrarian ceri ha heen exami ee Pato he ey tax ren copii areal. as not eeiedlequse aeron oweer.datenisin aft angemeassnthranl agin would Tnkager of which sonoma 0 fd 1+ State tncme and Development hese sh te, ees fur copped re of he oth Cangee Flas extraction sho and anpertndiee Ie ecnt yearn Pan cub te rgoing os repeat ‘eat readme ones ‘decline and even decay, ‘estima of es'spereapinincomereea tobe lowest amongst ale of distin tear ces mh ome an Pana lower dn West engl sn rating eens of he oly and oor Ors. An canton by he Cenc for Mende ndan Ezonny of ei rein ibalncs,mesied bye nex pet ‘psn noe howe th char acaly ced Theo {Ho indices forthe kt he lawetMahsn oP ad Biar—inreased grey. The Cer for Menor toda Exon enced fom thst rife, ere ee sam ob itring ‘ted owt sae weg oe dies ni, Wher ‘nes his mast anernmet my ol fre adn poy o ‘olf Barts biota end whan seve gm Vino downright demerte ‘Other nso ecm sigan on eel he sme loony pico iar. The erage peal tlw the porery lien ae Tsing ude oon of exccinngpovery. To save a prblen a soci eae phism ca ay "The prea plots so fave bon anon se lowest er Bitar ‘Sty hlowest R486 compared oR 79 fr Pu, OO oe $i ng nd Rs ven rea. To stato stipe {ing sober Pan pels Se macho elo fe eof er yee stash en chartered by sunton wherein ti ‘SINE pend he wal our ney lected on eso ‘ana Tar is prly om acon of the ally of he Sate aie ‘Rc an uly bess fh very mode a easing Pn mais ‘Senta tien ote feel eri Mach, Benth anual Meh ‘orhoecrer comet compere fre serine of Be sr (hos camos een spend walle fo Norm ene ine chang ach in recent yar The investment ine eon) ao ve Te er ca als ‘Spel (14-85) war ony Rs 310 nd pecan plan expends (2bisexenm ln oly Re 28 Te cre Soot a yeh means un fry perce Beomest fn Ste ns burst by em ero esos eso. “Ter icv se lato ven eve of est ‘peor pa. The sere ave een re et el ste epee frie enn mae Sly fel sures ie poten abe ‘ets oad eure mobizaton aston ell spac; ees 1965-66 106-83, es he age ‘Scr nlng neve atalino ones ‘top amlcest nd prc x cn afte proce wee actally lowed dele 48 percent ames 3.3 een othe aa {Srcvemcor est inthe enn rio 965-6, ‘TSmareby mine ween eb pn, 982-43, os rune op Sapiodofagictunl eo, TK maj soe se reo has en he cs ino il For many yas te foyay on col ws pees y the Cae 98 ‘comely fw eens conrat wo Be yay ence ol wih ‘ened ened sates Bar anor aera eh BS there pred nigh cox However Supreme Ci Sek‘eReader down hes cese el sal cs pacing sin gener arin alee! severe ever ell sn te ple ang aly ce oye i i ew weary ot denope sve, be Bar Che rt ‘ins Meneame we abo ese best hss ts rae eau. Fall Core tee the royal tes ba ‘ae dependent co acl pod rr at hn ow ad ‘tore ste coo pn doping esta of ashe of are "hueg hs move fe Cente ener vel one re por er ‘nds cece dgh cess mpston ‘On the pasing seperti sito, fons sem oho nether psc ve, Teton ofthe ie govern fo pesuae the Cente io speak up be process of the Sa's Otter nds ‘eter init of een leffcecymbstansat he pure [Bar stared sf ponetunioe nl isebulo ses ere ‘eliahoetnl-nta roge, Cap wlanton afte eral ower ‘nas bee sb nd lose neue by be Ba Sate ey Boag ie Abu Ben Ader ed at he es The Bar Sate Rous ‘rangort Coporton alt fet inion seg fy pe et ‘than oly Mair and Nal: leet ty tes pa freer les a bums Tn i itu, h generate of power has ot ep pce stad ante dette igs n th cn asp of eae tin th ion greene ow fu 4 isn pe Get Sarena serio he ents ext by Barre eto masa ge {0 ene domestic podct rem ow However tht fe gril ‘Cipro te rood network ad he est femme vas orang eventeaghhe uly oroasmaionncesa deceive Ibitexponion Te infarc ede poor and as an averse 1 mot on acral and india perorance “he develop of ial servis sods in the exe The {psc In ameat every dBi demons ha wor Llnbeie eel rai re eerie one Te oppo! each oroxslene, Section 3 Fs! dal ta w Sok wo find eases ad Inthe anger 1 ‘dle ot tow a wllensowed ne war relsndto pee esas ty ever of are and he psi soiecenc of town eal odinenerte ous vaeesiy toundeandtaateupplaly ‘soy, noreven he weep of eg stn, tas he ine ben ee very! tn dona Hiern eee he rinalich Chingy ses, lively prenpeoos ra Sch ings dey pda ri rer ‘egon of hey intislzaion snd agaran modeizaton ‘he fay nen te calor een mst portant cao ar presen te iter sees atoll SON ‘itt tng prover to mack forbes ss whole Bol geogray sane does not termine the tation in Bia acy bs hd os on ile, andoely et indent of soupy, bt Ho tough he "ston ofa Belg ei lens Kings a we oes and he sary 0 rary empBihar’s Society in Historical Perspective Roots of Regional Imbalance Fall eta of Bitar ting he erp ‘hea office’ inte appr tl snd stp oe land be he oun ead tect tren of inert in the pase tang some prominent Bina betheimasor Shahn Sihr—tay ness omen ‘Shonen ony sve cet ew my reno ld es rough etree ncn pop sy. he ano depart soornticexpesons fo tina's past hs boon te Magstan enples Ando mos Sloss Bhar hatte hay whch ake en However he fat hat for he at herr of he explo and oppressed perl hog wor ee mjry of he as of th ChDoamagpT sean cpm cae eal, te Ratna process hat fren ory ein heats ‘sm here plais of he Gangs bin thelr ‘etch op An ae + Maen en Uilpaesnbeweco ie sealed ual she’ na ine ‘ull seo br Wo ach ipaerent eore an “Hessen sninhren sper ier fittest ey me ie pons oo cn ni ‘without he kelp of ton implemen which ale terest peal sepeance a Ba aly scene sh cy BC he at Iotautng rb cs not poche sais i te Saree of eva pane inde he Soph Braman lis a he srl ‘Anas oan cata agiion gts When ey rere Sa rt te mofcn Ganda onion ondary of i) the eres eon wee ery ee ie go Aga lsd those lndewot In che? wor ewe fois on ssi f it ‘ine count easy bag tke we cron We rose 9 imagine te ‘orn prin els ones ot ‘hc aretha bin day. At rtaur DD. Kosa pad Sutinis eoud-veming wero nda iso Prive an wolves nner agin oe. a Irn mw rg ceper entra sot ee bet eae rte font pte were prosaic Dey steed. tomas whet wich lation Bare ewido ‘cmd tom Andina ds onain Doane xen Seem cooverooessotte meal toga rege wc fssontven tyne dete anenp rai hose es nar Sito ery econ of asoronods hata repo, rage onewilnig sige fr Oe soy en and pel Trvtonts finance so wi ose She coe ym fe em oe Espero fen oosipb os foccly Nad hang Say mance he Bina cons r aa on ‘Sceonsosseycone fete psofnoth dural op Papers ‘Salacchng sen orhseampls ors be ang nth ramet ‘rahe ofthe inn sch Cheung ges csleton {ems o be fee sth Osngets ps, iar was esl negra nesters. Toy, egal themes mesicTeepe ar The met hrs chain his Ba eee ofthe agp le of Cen bn eh ‘nutans tensa Bir pride, al an reseed as feat emerging end gat men hy dees of See Es ea ey oho at Soh ‘itr Canal, ho raed cating legen lvls a fom ‘hom Br Jagan Min, oe te moet eam preety nine iar pie «Math Brn cod eke a leon ‘eons taweverspens that Chany, who wars ‘Sku incor coo asset daca leo ras Ye "Ie pole emenber even le sbut sca, spo Jara ‘Nona um op ened set monacha 20 {oly epee rn popelr ory tha = hat he ‘Sect oy AD wc FS oh Akan fhe emote fhe eid a wht ey cold have ben Re wat {Sy ine paar ty weet waking seks Bhna oe Manabaaa!| Tne tty een of nea conan otis ul ple of won ot ean simu eles re hat hy were sing a ae oe Maryan Epi’ Gola iy—Pactipu. Evening ofthe twentieth cet. Greater Assn nscpone Bad ben dip, the ex nuaton of Asoka ih th ing Pada asd pa he daconery of the Mi screws and te verieation of Asks ‘etn aiguy tough St Lankan Badin moraines, Te was onl in he mile fhe tents cnuy at vague em of eo ing At sie ‘rere bul pte iage of he "Rips King oe oi of Teadopton of hs sy a8 be symbols fhe modem pose clon “One ofthe fw tings widely Known abot he Rihsoas King? Ass hynny, “Beloved of be Gait congue Kalin, resend cos Ors, a old by he sh of depen ‘lest ye il, enmncd rang sn ok 1 the path of Fehon What ots wellknown hoe aes ok ‘Rehr omPan, ems bay pase oop maine [onic ich Sct plan, owing te ant pas ‘al eves Gaya an Par no dot completing spain of he train! Iie of hat reg, 2 pcs ein Ny Bar 2 are ony Asha tay no ly own tt ven fer ebancing war Asoka id ob the power sing amy of Mayas Pen eet veg tay, ters fhe pee yao fe ‘sonny Jn Foget ta wlohe Bele of he ods {skipheou beta powerl wt omiousesiagerepeed end uninanatenpt olga ‘al no xmas, roc ‘inode oy seg be noso-ocaiorl lingo Santas and cheno ‘Wh the pacieaion of stan continued in this mane. toe ‘oe nt plan onthe bark ofthe arg were eng totem td the el hes ceed were pt ede he plongh-bthse d oh belng mat firm om bx placa Te bara feof be teases il nd he har ork of people mae or ‘Sounding poy and mens seis oa be bss of WES lrgetmptes andres menue ems cule opt ne couse however prodaciy reached on pea a he plement ‘Papanan dito, n parce te powgm resind pact ‘tchunged fr ethan fo ata yeun Te asunder elo Sopp rmny ose ne lion Boost The ren century, may co respon for tg change age nent popeston ove again ese pes haley cae eld inte exes futon ‘in are Inte, in te oe of Bia, mach of the wi i ‘ret protactin sh mide 0 sony nena {pte exln of elven ser than by shane echsiegy ot Utes layla, when phys! enzasin of asa was 9Taper toes, xean sanaten oe ain mame mane Tt ‘ipso fia cnr Cuca fs Ba ‘eure nb mie eran peng es pint go be Bot mi ost ne ronan nr ia an wih e ste e S amo pote ne mh once Be Sted item ase erst ne mando? etre as wa om et a ‘ir at srl teen oe Hus On hen ane attra nC ci epfemBesses nico ‘Soren eterna peace ace pple tno ‘Shokenane alten tet a fst oe tof be ps ‘Sov tencis esf Br ndts on Be at Sr aupir be ee oi sr be prot caps ‘Sipe congas sot fran hanced by bah ‘tolaen or se an ten oo “he sn lie pen say ens i ee citer te epee pansy te onl es nr Scan are lf pcon Wea SRonuncote ery sel pt deren 0 eis of ‘Che i eo on opin ptacon eed» {Stan gn eet conae aterm wn Be ew st Siete tush ty of tnd ogee riven nowatea Caste and Casteism Few in meserat tara long couse, changing at a ‘peep pce To Ind reve refer ese itd nse ‘rch centy by he ata, Sher Sha Sr cred en by ‘Attar changed te santo oy oh een of ing te cleon ‘tage sup or icin, Noss a se pea emperor of Inds ae asso esowed the chee Grea ane AS, mde estan faerie ares, pin conaicng a nil ovet mira hihi ead nerd vendo Saran war nce mer gp Oe Sag hemaaveam of i ep Dee my Xe en my tea the proces of scr hal et een dona Ine, be whale sty of ana posi of Bla as DD. Kos as pond ut stor letentselg edna pr ain Te process ‘tear ssbupon ot utchonous ups oo a compet snd ‘ietracng soil ode doen cated tt pea kl by rains verte gs oghinnvaonsia ign nds ‘ofthc stam Tough ow tl dni receses gered BY the ere ot ule! rr vil a ipa eer tal ete aking ifr rms a fort ies, nas eo ‘Teepe son eeven a. Te anerane of emg od yet seFancnsing rate fhe poses, we old pin he ‘Sueson of Mtns in Bar aos ewes of hese eee. Bute tal ake even moe dra neg at te Ka ‘Thiet group whee nme boas doves ote ec ym lteter) were costae an ites tn he oping af ‘he wet centr al wee fe led by Bash sdiaraes "emai af oe podcten The exesin of aie aso sav "hem becoming soos anda riba ets od 2 ce ante et ery “Adminsrive seta andor. ire rom wai, nue nes, card oi ugh scene Cn epernes erm of vars pete Ava (sini to tae cme io Siar Ava, te Matos. eve te oy eeu ane ‘han ereluris ows, coming ogee end ihe godain ‘Sarkizabor” vas atemped though vegearnsn, wexing the Sp Alin time bowed wan, Bros were ond san te “ui no seca pon wince yen jt a ares esThe Reif Bite tabentanfomed aera ince showgh Nremagorba (guides wos) andohrsinlerestemonerby raisins 8, fer mite concern In he hraneparshacomny. 2 tit pene who wind Sekine Mul sto «Katia cel hleovsyablaig wos Tews done ue the mnacatonof akin who was ely satya al sas for pose of ‘nese Afr thy crear, he pte eeged afer is mb ‘contr lperene pes The rms khe passe, "The Cee of 1991 rouse “The Bie win got fos were rane escourging the (be spy oie lower cies) oak (rvs hy ef soil amped aay way. Tp ibe ut mspesn ty he ypc Bais Power, he sca Soin lthe Kareisheyt si, ornsssonfaloberces ane ‘ec bcs or teasing fom ee nema income Alesha ot wich big Mansan by aoa anal bor, hey Bscane dep it wa the pve te Kuri of Bitar wide (lok they stadt Ann Kur Kariya Sab where Do ‘ua Kh with dive psa rope asthe Pairs of Gr, {ab diblos pons sna anon Km 2c Tn Bar Weal ty forge sans wth er arcs ates ike the Vatu ind ome sco ole onaatsaon ova st ‘Tien Sangh whchbecare te cero he msvemens fw {eda Known athe “Oe Bake Caner’. The moder-odg Eis eC" bas howeret ot ken a aie me caste ff sich grape snd many oes a8 uo case, schagic ‘henonenoe which aough oper Bibs, apes i is mest “ltt inca otha “Te uorsfrmaon of he soci eaney of caste eto ts resend pole exresion Bia rene of eos signet ‘mon tyro were he pti econoy fe ae ‘Ant in oder wo uangl heen fis mp Wo aot at ‘Scola expen oth oenemenc oun in theo of te plana Engl to eat’ In et vdestand te peri pce of ci In Bd epemzed bye. Maa tmovemen ts econ of ofl copie hat in at he ca ‘Sues ameesaton fe sston of rai sgn. Te ‘tessa artclaes tooph ulus gemeatng—tetntenomonly {isk camasexe-wer) ou (Sait) andthe ‘nena Manteno ret Stele csr ee of pares Yale amie Kees the ingest bee of rp comme wih ns ‘rong ea de pric ety. ‘cured peer inpance eve can yac se npr, the pieraon tbe bres, herent over Wit of secrnlaon charged exept pues a ec ups The Psteaing of fact growth was conetd wih he rene pare wale the no a ass government pron slpwomge On ny tad pin geostome te feasible ought meron ofts power owners na denon oli. The ependernce oe rane sna pera {ersoneretoncal henslves Foreainckctaoffow warmly limite, An re Sy omen gre racer be Bren aed coma ngvermt jo, TH he pi Sano oe Pensa tie Bio ad soln ra sed [Ei oronty shore of Ting ny Eat ry repeat “ealepey which cet pngue Ress nding ‘ay ints thn he tent ae te Bh pr et of ‘erin ee ads Tes DR ‘ete pita scan fin bee rngBihar Under the Raj Roots of Underdevelopment Ire ne chartering or of er aa Bla isha tteuat opens te wana becrpaine wpsof jis ‘Tone sling ny fb mend cna ee cont in Here Tost se ofc a in Cae, nk a epowotnemenopsnsiet sano fase eiomeset ‘Shonen ais Bu Bor wept itu of soe le Nota e Pui se ass tnotelanset eosin Gopy sent 176. Nese Inte cargo of costes a te ool ce a mate Mursie-cllsatnwbscre cw apn Bin Upon) Pur wos igned ely th boi newest cxon eps “Calan did slant preseo senna eo. beth recom pad me vn oe ale toe ney sed ans ETE rporon eo wk path ot hee HPT Fan omerowsiniirlosted ag Ging. Sih laauon ihr war nae tht for aes ‘erinreasig ps nent tao setlonetwey rove conte (or rig woven teed aes) Scns ac ouch ow has pen ty psy ble har Ute ay Ts ot alia ono he sig nd moe imposing ‘stupa grey Unown se he Gl Garo Pata apace wich ‘rssmeant ose ein coe an pases in varius aso he ‘te Tae iy lente at toning oan evr ihe ee ‘er corsets as 1 open war ad hace he get oe could ‘severe le aly thong a ole one apa ben oily lames Te sap nope ed Ga Ghar teover demaning ‘noe ral fing symbol he Bris alin ia. “The Bets eomodied ot xy gral, alo al the profs ‘na Hee was of ce tye ce Wie ay 8 ‘Sco foun was bat To dt hve al tow i Sealand ‘Sop eaed Pa However, Eat nla Company ten ‘thers to. Opium was major expr Chin Ingo soon became ‘Sher ofeach: pe race of ‘fev wero pb anal werner posse “Tol lt et ee onan pete oth ‘ay, was srpe ff an isl greets wer sled y ace ‘alla he Nonsense powder and hen ‘itn aap ut one of fats repens he eet ‘Sf Naoto hs yt en of be ash cory, he Pane ado coma rer gee the Bes wo ha een yng eer ‘ice he dyno Jom Chock et arpa on Te bale ‘Wateio ay me ten won ce Delaying ete of Een bat sae ‘tee aon he cha es of iar Wich led he Hr sal yar ied comely Gr coecins, ATU ‘es irae Alou by the Wid dete of be sneer ‘Sse had prac rovafsn ite beat eases of Wiss ngs n ern aur fom Bar went eugene vas ‘re eer nner, Dee ‘nie at So ind the th colitis nS ‘cnr lace descend ne netics bower the eck," Atin alleen, andthe fomee Commarea Sewty-Genera, Sida Ranga, sa couse SennaMseTheRpuee Bhor Hinds’ wring tere int, Aco oto fie ‘tain polng oof ey sin Barish 1970 prespeas ‘Maun pols ve i oe arte toget tldaghie mod Imuorespecate Brunia aes of ir By he, ary ese may iene nerd irs it a rose an oe of he Grys of i eouion of tar haan of omy iy pa ee ‘her cage The derrstaionetisct eae eves es prosperous irae dowry mrt es: ore ese une ‘The sting ot of and hat ose hans who cold not ‘pte he dry sakes bean Kap Couns ond ting forcbly msned of sco nh belt ta tbe tana Bhat ‘erin cf tbe Mariage sarament woos prevent even te mos Cruing oom fem neue ang ae THe means al ese ela peoren ted fom th ciomeenscenty cova he war no resource of Bia tht ‘Sloan ty sito fn hi wes a asi by ‘Micra win oderaaieg flesh Permanent Seuemen whith he Bi goed on Easter na Sie tote feta een is rangement he nanein Benn Bhar, fieen ours in woes. in eng whan Caen nied he monic amid, te loa niicce wont ame earl cage etanic in wits {fom ie eng Remsen te coi te rnered Some cps afedrion rdenicion and een enzeenesip Talay conrn, crore tie pop eprom sic na rut lc) aap ec ny sani Bia ere et ‘Rtn oem econ pa Go ‘atte wr moe clmlcninesshe soni even soy teil snc cy abana een of pao ling apes coterie ale fret aaa eng and hl stared hang he Petanem Stlomen though psn movers ar theta mere mre inate vince pear oven cone grcerly ™ order ea sai estar chin ae eae eter eee Sa ceana timate noel sagbcanteea aceneneceea aes Sena oe a eae Tine ee ge ace atera eeeeana ae sor ecermate See easy oe aa eee eae ae Ses Se ee Fe ener ane Sere ee oe Sera ema ee op Cn Doar coer 2 ee ee Sa are eee ere ec eae eee Bay gee dae eeu aa ee ee eee ore Se ee ee seen aw poh ee ee Fn ee naan cl a Se eae eee ee ae eeceekg ln eR Sent ne aru oe ee {Suc eee oS eee 2»Nain So SeAppendix1| SHH ronung i ae