Diabetes Mellitus PDF
Diabetes Mellitus PDF
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PREVALENSI DIABETES MELLITUS
-Data epidemiologi
1980 1,2 2,3 % dari jumlah penduduk
1982 Jakarta 1,7%
1993 Jakarta 5,7%
BERBAGAI KOMPLIKASI
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DIABETES MELLITUS
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KLASIFIKASI DIABETES MELLITUS
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EFEK FISIOLOGIK INSULIN
HIPOGLIKEMIA KETOASIDOSIS
HIPERGLIKEMIA-
HIPEROSMOLAR
TERAPI
OBAT???
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HIPERTENSI
INFARK JANTUNG
RETINOPATI
KOMPLIKASI
KRONIK STROKE
GANGREEN DM
INFEKSI NEFROPATI
NEUROPATI
OTONOM
PERIFER
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DATA LABORATORIUM
-Glukosa
Glukosa darah
-HbA1C
-Peptida
Peptida C
-Elektrolit
Profil lipid
-Profil
-Complete Blood Cell
Fungsi ginjal
-Fungsi
-Urinalisis
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TERAPI - DIABETES MELLITUS
TUJUAN TERAPI
- Menghindarkan gejala DM
M hi d k hi
-Menghindarkan hipoglikemia-
lik i
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GOALS OF THERAPY
Parameter ADA ACE dan
AACE
Preprandial
p p
plasma gglucose 90-130 110
(mg/dl)
NON OBAT
a. latihan/excersise
b. diet
e. restriksi alkohol/rokok
OBAT
Insulin Oral Anti Diabet
ultrashort acting sulfonil urea
short acting glinid
intermediate acting biguanid
l
long acting
ti alfa
lf glukosidase
l k id iinhibitor
hibit
preemixed 14
Pharmacokinetics of Various Insulins Administered
Subcutaneusly
Type of Insulin Onset (h) Peak (h) Effective
Duration (h)
Rapid acting
Aspart 0.5 1-2 3.5
Lispro < 0.25 0.5-1.5 3-4
Short acting
Regular 0.5-1.0 2-3 3-6
Intermediat acting
NPH 2-4 6-10 10-16
Lente 3-4 6-12 12-18
Long acting
Ultra lente 6-10 10-16 18-20
Glargine 4 - 24
Monotherapy
Sulfonylurea, metformin
Troglitazone,
g or acarbose,
Insulin may be considered
Combination therapy
Sulfonylurea + metformin
Alternative Alternative
Sulfonylurea
y + troglitazone
g
FPG Postprandial
> 250 mg/dL Glycemic goals not achieved hyperglycemia
Sulfonylurea
y + insulin Sulfonylurea+ acarbose
IInsulin
li
(BIDS)
Intermediate BID or
> 3 injections or
Continous insulin infusion pump 18
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE - PASIEN DM
!! K
Kenali
li kondisi
k di i pasien
i - kontraindikasi
k t i dik i terapi
t i
obat DM tertentu
-Cara penyimpanan
Suhu cahaya
Suhu,
Jauhkan dari jangkauan anak-anak
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