fi91 .

E_ _ _ H _ _ SU _ _

~Ioo~"_"""_",_

... _ SPY _ . . . . . ._ F. _ _ I

l)o.KI~J"> o el .-a n.I.1e ll un' .(.' :-:""""" he",." 1"" 'luc "m p"n,c mi, ~'~". '''"I\,,, 1'''' un
Ir... ado de ."'rlca,Io- '" ,oe",'" 1"",,,1<) ...." ."ud,o """'pklu. l'm. ".,,,,,,k.
'.,:nl.,.. ,lo: c>',I>.
,""",,,,fin al final 1" ,d.""""", ","''',a, a~" "'1""''''''_'' ,,,,, ,,le'.... un ........., 1", drme"'''''
a.,.")",,,I~, Cllad<" ni ,,1 ",l<' """'00'''-..... ) r"""" ..... pro,,,,,. ..
l... cocn.o, rr--
VII _UJ "" .. ,'_~' r. ~n /(~M \,n~u .. I'@,,,u """'" ", .. milo". IrI.a>. poi" .)"mplol. \" '.,
'" en.-"."" "lodo. El "'J'do.' CM)U""'" '" .nn',,'mr~n ""Iur 1", d.h"",.., <'~l'rlU'''' 010: <_
c .. ..a'Jla ,lo: "0"" " .... 'pa<;'" 4'" "",I.ian ....
1"'"'' cor,' """ru..,U"". La 110.-"'''1""',(6)' la ... -
,. .. I"H;~. ,lo: ''''''1,'1', ...... m~,I''IIi".
'1". lo .. ",,, ,~~u"l" e,
e,.
,',<r1"lII~,, ' e
101ploo"
"pi",hl<
I'K"''',.,: ....... "..tim;,", ,,~, 1''''' '"'Ce''''' 1,<", no e"". ,""" lIC. f.oc.o 1'",."" q .... <oo.(.
"""" "r",..k,. Co.Tt"'roo<k .1 lec_ la l. .. IIO "guc ." ,y r,,,,,""n," 'u ...." ''''1''0'
",a de C"'""'"'''' ,,, c-I"d. ., ..."'. el P'''"'' "" ~ ...... <l. m;i, ,It'''''."..n... la-. d,,,,,'"'' 110.- ,"
"". ti """Lo. ,," "'r.....-,,,. f.,.." ..... b, """",c. """c"odod.
"' ''''lII'''''' y f"",,,,,,.I ... 4"" """cn la '''''''''''" l:o obra 4"" ......... "'" he ..." ,,,,,,,,, .. do., ,......,
010:1 """'l'" humono, 1" 1'1'<'0"';'''' 010: prok.'~a. la ,k ,,,"",, .. " ,Iu,
No..., e ...." ~"r.rr' . " . ,," ""'" 010:"'''1''''''''0' ,n:, ,"""'""".".c, lo""""", !..no Te"", y A"d,.o
,,,,,,,,,,c<\pl<a . -al,,, e>copo.-k""" . 1..lI'a')"1 El p",,,e,,, cm", .. ",rI una ".,d.."",.
lA ,,,.m,,,,,lu """-">K"", 11 pucd< "'. """'n "",,-....,,1 """""""" un"'''''''''' ~",>I"nro. l.
la <lq!all" "'" rpno 1"""""'" ok-.cnp'"~)''' 1Io.-,.,.0f'<' ' ' ,...,00,..-. ) ntn<U ..""SO '" """'"
'"l!"'" "'" ",~1n la"""',,,," "'I""... r"",,_ r-,.,... <Ir ..... """"''1:'-'' ...... a .,,'once, ,n,~""Ia<b
... ~ ........." .. " rI~~, do l. ,,,.. ,,,,,,.i.. ,I~>, "'I"m. j 'l ",~",od<> ,upo ' . M1'".-....... . 1'''' ",...mro~,
de la eir"~i,,) <1<' la ro""I"g,., 4u< 1, An.1<HlI.
del hombn: ,i",. ,kl h,~nh,,> en "",'",,,.n,o.
"",,,-da ella I"m~"'''!o<'r oc",,',i,._
Dc!.de hace J5 ,fu:>., la A"",omi" "" ha ... ,""
'''''~"<'',d" 1'''' l. ,'''u~, ~"< le h.n i ~"lo
ms f'R'Ci,i,., ) le ha al'" n",l<, """,h", roooc,_
mienloo" por l. ",di"I""., P'" l. r"iologl> )'
tamhOo g"",ia, a 1", n"""" ,no.'I,od<" oc iO>e'_
l' gacin """ ,00,,,,,,""1"", Er. '"",e",,,",,
p"o"
e",,,hir un" Analoma "'lO" . """"'" 11\""''''0'
,. _ 'lUId _, io d",.II~" 1""0 <O" '''xio,,", d,'
An;oIOII,a rUl"'''K'a l. r-.1<l".l~ioa ) de 'u, ."
pe('"'' en ,-/ ,,-r \'11".
N""'lro libro y'"' oum,,,,,,", ilu,"r""j'M""
ni, 'lO". .. otra I"~"-"""" 4"" ",r. '"" '"lila, uo.
~e"~,,,li. dd oue'po hUllla'k>: 0 .1. d,- ,k""I'-
ei","", ,;~,da, y Id",. "no 1" gco~,"r" de uo
poh habllaru, ,'amhiao"" mm il)' d,,'e,...,.
E,IO "', ",,!,<,hr. I~'- k, """~" a,; lo reo""
"""K'
0\11', '1uc '-Ca, . 1~U'k" .1" 1", 4'~- O'" [lf't'-
cedieron. un hlvo 1""" ,,~Ia la .-id" <Id mMi,
,'", A lo brM" ,1< 1,,, .,no,.. el """"" ""i<o'" :m"
'(>"\1eo '" h. ,"",i4",,,,i,1o. p<ro 110 h. ,,,rrid,,
,,,,,,lIto,' aCl"'\<' ru"d"",,,,,,.k,_ La ,mJad ,k
I~,) 4""dar ," H'K' ,'aJad ,Id ", ..iana, 1.. 1""_
"'''IIId"t ,1<1 ,a""r ,,".III"OO , ","a '"fij<-" '" 4""
>oC le ha "'I"0,-'hatlo, "O ., l. ""'11)1" de ,,,, ,,,_
",de, . En la B"I," oc 1,,, ,"WI<1<"1II11CO'''' m,'<.ti_
c"'. 01 ,'ulo '"""""",,,,'"., un "alor ,<~uro
,"O "O '" de, .Ia J"m,_
SO""" ,le In, 'I"~ 1"""'"'''''' ~oc 1, "I<~hoa
Jo.. loo,)' da 'lO put"<Ie, "MilO 'aml"";" 1" pudo la
.1" a),,'. M,p'....-; ;" 1", ....... >oc;m"''''''' .0>t",i ,
('U" ,crtJa<l ,'s'a '''",0 po<" ~''''''''" C\,,,.... 1"-" .k-
"-'jodel E.-Uad<H.
Pon ",!.",,, ,ic e_la " .. ' ","In. po'" 'lO Jn'ir
,le .,Ia re. h01ll'" <_ ",,,,,, )' "oo" .. "t" J"I\IO'
o,'e T,.,ado po" lo, o,ludi."I!"' de "",d,..."a )
1", " ...'<l"',,,.
1
GENERALIDADES CONCERNIENTES
AL ESQUELETO, LAS ARTICULACIONES
Y LOS MSCULOS

1
Generalidades
sobre el esqueleto

E l <"luckto t-" "",,,';'0,,10 1"" un .""-

Junl" de hu,''''' u,,,Jo' ,,,,,'" , En el
"" ''",'o '" f,,"<,"cn',- 'u ",pl,-r...ioo d",,, ,,1<_
,u"ale,. n~cpto la' ,~" l,im:" '1"" 'lu,~lan Ii-
hr"" \",'ill., I1m,mo" . El COIIJ""'" de C"O -
I U~l!I" ,~nebr. L """ il la,. canila~o, . """"...
(\' ''01' r.od ,ngrMa' " 1',11'."'00 <le ,efere"";,, y c'p""iu' "1I"rco,,o-,'ondr-Jk, 'e "'t<~r.. ,'n
'M'" de "".... __ una ,u)" de ,'>n,ti'u"i,l" 0,1" ..... 1: el t,,, ..
El ""1,":ldo dd 1"~"J>rr <, ()"<":"r1i1"~,,()_ I:n el "\(1"""'''' "x,,,1 ". difcn'nei,,, ' ,1 el
"". Dumnte 1" , id" f,'lal d '"I, ... kln 0-1,,-,<'.," ,,,_~,,11I ,,~, ;CII. f",,,,,,,1o x>r 1;, ,,(fula ) la
l.g"lO_o ~u< '" forma ", ",ompla",<I" lue~o e"l"'b. ""lud,"" de la c'i,,'ura c"arul"r " 10_
por ",,~'" d~ .''''"1/,,-,,511. En d aJullo el ""luc- r..,:ie . q"" UIlO el n~",hl"O '"I''''i,''' ,,/ ,"'.... )
Ido "","l"f,n",,, re""'" tOn fOIl,," III,, ;'.da: hl el ,-m""I" /,<,"-;"'1<,. ,,uad<, "n lo p.ne ",re
c'nih1g'" ,''',1"1,-,, '''oc"Io".." "'r-o " ..al. <,_ r;or & la "ol"mn. lcnobr".. 1. a am"" I... k... del
f~I~,", "cn>. A ~,,,. '" ulle" 1.. , hue"" ,"'al,,,. ,'OO'
1"" ",,..,O' ....... , pie',,' dur.,_ ""","rOle,. '1"" 1", """ '" C'~lC"'''n 1.. , ""embro, ,,,fai,,,,,,
",,"n ,1< ''''t~n al", """'ul", <1'''' ." "~Ir;,,, . 1.0' huc,,,, del ,",al. el "",ro l el C<"ci, delo-
I""'<lm 1""""'''''''''' """\0;
- ~"'m"nlm 1"'</1'" 1"",,, un m"J"''''' de
m"n "" e,p; ..' ,,,: la '"", "1,,,1 pr!, """
El mlr",~n' '''Wri",- ",~np",",k- J .... g""'n
h","'-" "r, ,,,.,,-,,:,,,,, entfC ,, t'Hluan ca' Od .. k, ,,,, c'~, "" ""I"'fl"'O' h""_,,,,: el I>r.t",. ('00 el
'1"" .tojan '''ICma') ,rn1,,~' I"r!.rIW. 6rb".,_ hmem : el "n/ehr"70. con t, "1", ) d rud",.) ~
ele.l: l.' "",,~\, , ..... , 1,,, h...."" ,Id carp", el ""'''K'a'-
dCff'fJ/l'" "",ml,,rc.': t-n b, un'cul",-' '''- 1"') la, b,Ia,,,-,.
,,~, m6"k, 1,,, huc"" e,,:in un"I", ,'n'", ,i El " ..,,,IIr" i,'u"" ,ambi" pre"''''' ,1 ""~'
po.- cp>" la,. h~"",.. "(,,, y "' ....' ulu,. E"", l me"',,',, el mu,lo. con d f,'mur: 1" p"'ma, co"
liTUO' lur""" "" Iig,mco"" """""')' 1", "ni- la ' Lh'a l la Hb<ola. y el p,e ...~>n o "",o. el m'-
1'8' pan""pa" , ..... ,~, I"~,a' p,,,,.", '.'ar'" l Lo, f"long.'.
E",," un ni,'" hu"_,,,. ,i,u:"Io." ,>1 ,,,,,,11,,,
que 00 pr""-,,,a f"rI,:,,,~IC' dircc,,,, con el ,... _
4uel<'o: ," ,,... ta de l h,,",,<\ hioi,Ie,.
El c"luc l"" ,,,,: ,o.",,,u,k, If'g. 21 p<>r Lo
,ul'C'l"""" "" d~ una .... r... ,1<" p""" ",a' cu
yo n >l"'Ju,,'o fo.ma la c~~um"a lcnebr.,1. <1 .... ,,-
h,lI. ,ituad" "n l. Uno. ,<,h.". >o,"c,.,,,,. ) En d ",Iuh<\,... , .... '"a" 2Ol! h""" .... mn e,
'."mule d el<' ,." ,,,,,1 ,Iel r_"I"dr",. Su par f lu,in de "'" h"""" """... Ie, ''':>etn",,,,,r.-
le .' ''per''''"""cn< d u'oc,, _deb"t< del <1 1 riu' dd cr~",'"'' <le lo, ,'n<l""lid,,,, El num.:_
,..., cn,:ucn'm un conjunto "'" cumpl,"u n~' d,- ro de la, p;e/a;",.,., "ari" ,00 b ",lKl. f:~ el
I'e"a, ca ,-,Ja<lc" el "u.,."" lo" ,,,l. E" 'u "'''c- /11"0 el hu"u ir""'al "omprl"nde d", pie'~' :
1110 ",f",.,or b, ,~nohr." .... ,,,,,Id,,,, Y "delg . <leITeha e i"lu jCf<!:>, que h.. go '" ru,,.,an; el
,"n. fonn ..1Jo 00,. hoc'"" el ""'nl l.1 d.:c". hue", ro,,"1 "',: ro"" ... lo por 3 huc.... " dir~n'"_
El rO"J""''' '",/r",-rm,h,',,1 " ~_'q"rI~, ,, 'e,; '''I"ion. lO,,,, )' puh". qu. po-.'~"""oc,,!<
<I_nll"""'nta en 'u ,,"~rior una c'a' ,1:0<I ,~""Ie " ,,,,Id.n <",'" ,i_ 1:." 1<1 ,..'fr: lo, hu."" 1"-"'-
..., aloja el ., j".",,, 1101"\ 00'" crrnr.1. ,."" l., mi ,len ",Id,,,,,,. '>'I ...."aITlIC..,o 1(\, ,lel cr.lnro. d,,
fe; e'p""b~' 'u. c",ol",r". n""u)-rndo 'u numOl_
"".,J, ..
o., la 1'''1e ,a ,k: la wlu",,,a ,~nebr.,l
..., "'pamn a"''''' lad", "na ",r ... "'801,r de
.,"'''' &"'0" la, ,,,_,-,;11,,_, ~"nmero de doce
I"'no cada laoo_ E,,", '" ,rI",ulan por del,",,, l.,,, huo"" .... p""", ,,,a,, (fig. _" en (r,,, f,,,.
n>n el e"em6,., PO' m'enn..,ln de In, cao1llago, n'" prm':;l"'le'
 !

Fi!,[.l. Li' ~e, /01""" "" I<>s _ A, hLlHO""

QO 1""""""....1. ""'''''''1,con '- ... opiIisis """"
nor,2 ..... plfion;Ord ...... l,0IJ_ ... B, ....... pIa
1" no
""".v..,.. la1....sto
IMO>JIII
al)
)<)SIMa'l e, r.ue.., corto ("*" '

oo,uea. ,,-, lo, """"entro en el ca'l~'. el la',,'.

"IC-,cr.
J. lIu~ .." p/,,~ o'
El "'pe,,,, c> ",d"c;.h "nn 1'",,1(,,""0 ,le la
l"ng'lUd}' ,,1 a'lCIK'. Con" " u)'"n 1.. 1"'",,10, <le
FIg. 2. E~ra
_ a l : 2. ~za
'."'letanec
' ' >Q, VI5I~ ~_., ooIvm ..
y oao-al: 3 oa<ro y <:Oc
" <avi,bM, anea"a. "'''al", . ",b,,",,", }'

",",',..... I<I-.,~ ..._; 6, """ ..... 7. ola

pd, ,an., P<>tdcn fonn". ampl< .. '"I"'rf,<i",> de
,n",I\.;<'>o m"","I"r: e"'.puI01. eoul. "':'-'1'<1,,1
"."._ Y ~Ia l<"\PO ~"I; 8, ..... "" <:o,al
Pu"ocn di"jngui.", ",km;!,:
(c<'1!/1J1<> pooManol; 9. """""'0, 9 , ".,100 Yuf"a; 9' , ""'.
laco'PO V lalonges. \0, Iol"..,..; '0', tOo Ylil>l.4o (poro - h,,...\('.' ul";~,,,I()} de .Igun" ma""", COI'"~
.... ): IO'. _v"""a_ "'U)'C ""a ,'aoic,lad <le h,,,,,,,, la'~o' {P.. u.... 'I .
M lo, 4"~ no >< <l ifcn,"'" m, quo PO' 'u
/. II~ ,. "" largo, """~>r 10~<lud Id,,'kub. '11<1"''''1'''''''''. me
ta'a"i"",,,)' fal.n~e,):
Pt,-Jo,JTI""" la I 'H'~"ud ".,." el ~'I"',''-'' ) el - h,,..,,,.' "rq"M'"" ....' olta" <le un ..J'P'"
anchn, en",."n tic un <'~nf''' O ,hji", ) de .-.Il fU""i"n,,1 )' "" 1""""'"'" "",ur'.-aJoo, -.:tbn.
,\o-. ~.,,,~,,,,,,. "I"Ji' ;" la "m<o" d. l. d jfi,, '0 e]C en "1\.'0 de "i","I". tOmO "':"IT< en 1.,
<"., l. opil"" -.J: 11""," ,""',iji'f>. A ">1" ~rul'" oo,j ll ... o en herr.. I""" romo on la mao>d,bu
""""'I",,"kn l0' 1"""", tic 1", ti .. , prime,,,, la O ~n 01 h...", h,,,ide'O
",~n){'n1"'" de lo, ,,,.,,,,bro,. - 1",,,,,-,,, ,ud,,,,Io.>. de "0''1"' ",.h o "'.-."
,olummo><,. pn-.rcn pmlong""i.,.,." ,ea, ....
2. lI u~',," Cm",,' ,1I"b, (Ip"""""" l.1.,) que emo'gcn on <1, ..<.
De ""Iun){'n re"''''g,do. '"' .1 <j<" ,un "'. c~""" 01"""'" )' '1". en go"",,,1 >un "n~'n
m"jan'",. Ik ron", ,",,,Me. ~er ... r~l"'enl< ,'U, ,,"": vfnel>'-d'. <,f< , ~",k,:
 - "'..'" ,,",'flle,OS, fonnado> por la",,",_
11" fue .., de loj'do c""'pac'o. ,lelpda,. como
01 u"gu, .' . Idmina POI",". <:Id "u'lU,dO' .
tcto""
_ h~~>o. Wn ",,,',,I,,,les 1I~1I1tl<"('(,,, algu .
nos hue'os ,le l. cora y del crineo pre,enl."
<.~idadc, m, ,'olull\lI""'" que la, que n,,'ell
en cllejido e,poo;o,.o: cllipo es el "' .. ib, I'u-
1"'''0.-1. Pueden lener dime",ion", ms reduei
d.. y se 1., de,,~na ,'dd", 1'11"1",, CII,,,,,J,,-
los. ",,,,,"dea'. elc. Cua"do ...... u'e'cn un tao
mano "'a)'or '" la, <leno",,,,. "",lO">. corno .~
~,,'a eo h""""" <lel crnw)' de la cara, TI}-
dos e"a' ca~idade, ,,,,,,!lfi"un la ror",a dd
huew.
_ h"",,,,, .''''/lmolllN!r io",,'antcs. <!ellen
.ti oomb", a .u , reJ""ida, dlllle"'ioo<,. s... 1<
eoc""ntra en la ani,'ul"",n ""'tao::alJ>Ofaln~ica
del pYl~~, Y nltlata""laljngIC' del hallux Ip'"
me, dedo dol piel. en la I"'","\n ",edi . 1 dol
~ ."ro,:n"""u I~~",dos <le la ru,hllal y en 01
I.fld...o ,Id libul., I P<:"""'O late",1 1 lar~",
Con "le"'" f ..,"",oc,.", eOCoc"'",,, ell el u
bial I"',terio< y "icep' braqUtal. Pueden hallar'
.' " "" el ~""'''''' de lo. hgall\e",o. an"'ul."" o
_i.' Cc",lc, 1I<"",riICtl<lide"s . cle.l. A"".ns a un
l<odOO " ligalllcolo '" anicul.n con uo h"no
de la \'"cinda.!. hur", de "",,,'n Ik "-'"1""10. al
q"" ~eo.rJln"''' 'e n" "" .\ .. cld,,,,. F.,lo lo, Jire ,
..,"'.. "" 1< h"""", >up<:mumoranos.
La I'",~I" 1,,\tul'l. ,"u.,b en el 'enrln de l
cudrinp" se d,fe,"no," do 10< huc"" ""a-
moi""'" I""qu< ,"~"'I"" "" " , ficu, p,,, 'u "b,-
eacin pue<k ",,,.idcr,,,,la un h,I<"'" de "fH'
.e","wllleo.
En la $"I'erji, ,le 1", I"",""s ex"'en im:~u .
I.. id"de,. como .. he O"'. enl,..nle_ y sup<:,Ii-
"'"' "1"".', La, eminenci" y 1.... lieOle,
ad<~~"" f"rma' ,u,i.t,,,,,,
'1 A MTl ct J l.A M'~" regula"". ,'0"'" la ,'abe,a
del hmero. los c"d ,1os Ikl f"'UI, (V.", Ar-
t Oc u la<: )(1""'. 1
PI t:'<TIlU nU 'I'I.AW" " mu}' ,ariable'. 1m:
gul."" y "'I:0sa,. J:rllC,ahllCnl~ d,,,u,,adas a
inlo<"'ion<, "'o""ola",, " li~amcnll,,"', Su de-
.. rrollo va,ia >cgn la po<~n('ia ~uc eje,,'e el
m""ulo que '" in",,,. en ell ... Se la' de"",,';,
na 'diOl''''. P"~ube"'tlcia<. lubcn"ida(k,. ",.
pi" ... ere'las. j>I'OC<'' ' . elct'le,...
Lo. hlJ<'>.llS pueden flR'",ola, ca",liIIlc, q""
"" di"de" en,
a) CA' ' '',''''~~ A WTO< " l.AM'-" ,,'" depr..i".
"", e.fero,dale,. <),I"o,dal", " <upuhfo",,.,,
~u" e"".jan cn una ",Iicnle ,,,,1 huc", a"icular.
"''''0 l ea,'idudes ,'o"IOldc.,. ~I<no i dca,.
plaJiIl", tibiale,. ele. I V~.>C A,' ,.. "Iac,,-,,,,,s. )
b) C H " 'AI"~' ~o AM IRIl.A. ,:-: "" forma
di"in~ucn
,ariabk. '"
L CUl'idad" d, imrrd6u "n ella, '" flJ.n
dele"",,-.adO> m""ukl.
l. C"""laJ". ,,. "'''(I",&n por ella' """'''
""d"",,,. ancria" """"' y nervio,. Se p",,,,n
lan en r""". de canal,,>. ,urc",. ;""i,u..,. ron-
d"""",. pero p"""ell oINoryan;c ,~m, d"p"'i .
"io"., en l., eu.le, lo, h".,,,, aJ"I"'" U",
~Iforma(:in que ron,tiluye un. f'''a, ,'''''' -
Dr.1. ",,,,bclo,". h,poli""a. e'''~I<ra .
3. O"."I",. ," ""'(IN,,,,,;,,, -.ot, d"rnku-
1",. ,'clda, " ""lO' u"r..u""". ,"uad<>< por ]0
gcn"m] en l. ,'ceindad de la, e"'i,I,,,le' d. 1,
Ca'" ("'''''' m... il.). from.1. 01('.) o co el hue",
Ic"'poral (.pa",'o de l "d,.,in. ct'lul", n",-
,oille., ).
T,J,,, lo, huc"",, ",'o I"'rfor..ro- por o" ,-
m" ...~ ""Ir"',,,,. po< oon<le I"'nctr.rn los ,',""
.""argado, Ik '" nu"",io (,a", p. 6).
AI~"n'" hue,," ""n perfor.l<lo, por "rili-
ci", q .... se donomlnan,mi",n,.., ,."",11.,-"",
de "ansmi.,in, que comunICan un. de 1., "arj-'
del hu"", ,'o<, la ,'af:> ",,,,,'ta. jI<n"",,,n<Io el
"",aje ,k <gao,,, muy ,Ii,c',,". EMO ocu, ...
P'" rJCTllpl". en el "",men "'''Xm) lagu-"", oc
"'rllall en el h, ..", del """'10 oomb",. rl ,'",1
alOja a la ",tdula oblon~a IbulIJ" mqu,<lrol '1""
f'"a ,lel er,lnco;,1 .a"al "cI1ct>ral. 01"" or,fI
",n, ,on m"'-'ho m, 1""l",,,1,,,. como el fora
men "p, n""" ra~uje,o rrd"nd" menor l del
h~," ",rclloi<k" ... ",vosodo por la ane,i, "10-
"'ngo. med13, E.1O!l 0"1i",,. son palli,ula,.
meole "",litro"", en 1., parelk' Ik los ca",Ja-
de> ce""']" ~' . po, 'u ,nl.,,,,,,dio. csa, co' i
J;,des '" eomuo",.n ron el e"e.,or de la e.Ja
<'""a .. ,,,,,illernd,
1). C .. n li~ .. ra ..," iot~m~ d. 1", hu""",
En el hue", del aJullo. a l corle "" =O<lo,:"n
oos po""one" el h",,,,, r ""'fH'NoI Y el h"r.'"
~'fHmj",,, , El hue",
lejido eompaclo forma
uoa "ara p<:,ifrica y III,inua, 1'1 tejido e,p"""
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Ji"" . ",hllon,,,,, e"'re 'U)~' ~bflll., c,'I;\~.,,,,, En la >J,'Io_,"" ,,,,i. la "",r""oc,!, e,,,,,,.... ,,,1
ap. <c .. ro. 'u"""". p,e,;' d< ""sen nO ,., do,i ...,; por el coo, ... ,oo. 1" "" r", ......., pe .
bocn tlcln ...... riSl ..a ptoe<k do .... oOOa la v ......
 1, EN N~ Imno I",.~". d ,,,,,delo ,"",I,,~, .
no", p"'...,nta ,lo-. o<,re">(I' ~"gro""t.:., ,ruw-
"" q'ifi"'I) una 1""< me,lra ,fu'um di'I"i"
/,/1 /(, d";.,,., .... oh".,n, la .",,'.,.,,'>o "",,,1-
',,,,e,, do.. 1" ,,,ifi~,,,,ion,,, "",",lIJml ) p,:,icon.
d, .. I. El ,.... ,,, 1"'"6-.,,,,,
.11 '''la ".... ,a l'l ",'"
de "' ,1I"fi,,,, ,hlllc e""uenlro al h""", "''''''', .
df".. 1'In..... d,"ge ",,,,,a la epir"", El hu<'" e,,
mndml. " ",,-~'da 4ue Ik~a 1", e\l",m, .. d<
la difi,,,, e, r~<"'rla/.",,"'"" el """'" 1"" hoc-
"" p""iol,'",,,, ~encr:i",I, ..... ,'n el hoc'" rrim ili-
m un" ,.,'KJad: l. ca,lIJad medular. 4"" '" m;
g'''" por l. oI'-""'''o" de l., c~pa, m, pro-
h",d" dd hue'" <""o"dml. A,i '" ,letien,: d
f""!''''''' ,le 1;, 1"",,,,,11,,,
pro,'e", .. ,,~, de l
"o,"n 4u<. luego ,lo: ha"", o<up3<l" ~I lug>r
4U" 'lu,,,lah, "n"" 1, p""fcria del hu<"') la
e.,ida,1 l1Ie,lul.,. ,Ie'"pa'eeen. Ap"""o,, ,'n-
I",,,,.,, dlula, h.n""F<'"a, 4"" """'''lUrr" la
mdu la <.ea, 1.:> di:lf"" ha ,i'~l '''''''""Ja ,lO<
una ah""adcm de huo", I"'''-;'''''' <n,re d",
f"""" ,le hloc", e",on<1f".1 "'p'r."". 'luo pm_
~u"a """ia lo, d,,, ,"ren"". en l. pro"'llIJaJ
de la' ,pir.",.
f:N 1", cl'ifi"', c" el "rrKlel" ca",la~llI'N'
""~"ll ;P,,,.,.,e un f'Un'" ,le o"r.. "",oo e,,,,,,,,-
dml a pa" i, "d "ual la ",if",,,,,,oo f""!'''''',lel
",."" .. a la p""rc"a. E" di., oI<~l"na ,a ,,,,',,a-
"i~n e,,,,,,,,,lr.1 m ient"" '1 1 '" d hu<'''' [>e"""i,"
'c n'"",r.~, .. po, una <le l~ada ,apa Je hu<",
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f;u /" "",i,, ,li<lj'I"'I"fl-'''c, e"a I'o"i".
n"""fi,i,. p"'" i,'" <"",o una IJon'''a ,,rt,I;~,no_
'" ha"a d final del ",,,,',,rr,,'nl() ltimo "'pu
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E'le c."I.~,, P"'I"><e;, . '" a", ,Ii;lfi", k ek
n",n'", "''''~'''rt(" pa", la ""r"''''',n ",,,,,,oJr.1.
El 1"''''''110 d'afi,arkHIe",ml"'i'rJ una ",,"" m
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enc"""",1. "'O~ur" n,l" 1,,, pro,,,'"'' ,lo: f'\lm~_
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,k.<",!"'n. ,1"mOle d c'e"i'n","''', o' un p"nl"
Mb <l. , ..,,, h"') del,,,tdo <lel """"',
11 f./O h/O /hr", 'o"',,. la ""fi,,,,,,,,)' <"",i
,,"e"'" de un huc'" ,'0"0 ,,~l """p.mble' a
1", ,le una epifi" . !',""o",ina l. ,,,ifi,,,,,,ioln
'""",oJml. ) d I<J'oo """', ", "1",:",,," ha",a d
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,*,"",]'\' .
m"del" ,'"nJun"'o fIlemt>r.... ''''' '" f,mnan 'm
t><'u', d"""".:", do.' la O"r"""IOO ~"" P""~"
,lo; la car.. p",fllnd" ,10;1 I"',;""i,,, L..-" fcllm,,
n", ~,'n<r.I,' , ,,,n ,emejanle, 1.. , d",e,"",
1""" 1", hu."" rr~",..lenl'"
1... , 1'0'cK~"" '1'''' '-''''ilo"", d ,'I'C<.,,,,,,'nl,, '"
e"'U.nmn en 1:1 re"""" ,lel huc"" pi ...,,, fi
t>n,."" 4"" '" m","men dur.rn el c.....i"ue,,
"', f"/!ua,lIJ,, "" el ,. ~.i",,, 1,,, ("I""i,,, f,~"ar ..
la""
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,,,,,,,,, ,.,,,,,,, en I'M'f;lI.l} en ~' I "'''~) <1M' 1..,
..... " ,wll'''''U' , ,, ro,m" ,I<fon ,I"., E,., ,lel"''''
de d< 1" i""idcncia ,le una ,eei" ,1" fac'",.,.
vito' h"noJ i',"<J; o ~<rK'''''''' ) """, pura""'"-
le locale,. ,\,km"" cll,j.l .. ,\"e.. ,i,,,.,
mu)
1"" ,n:,kable.
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,le ren,"'a"",,"', ,le 1" ,'al"" ",a,. e'l"."ial .
"K'nl,' On el h'''',n ['"",hU," 4". ,lenOla 1",
U':KUO<K" al,,, e,fu.:,,,,, o 1", """"ci,-".,,,. la,
que .,' ,""'c,,,I,,. (),. ,.,,,. ,,,,<Iv '" .. "~,,,an
1.. , c'an.Ie" por 1.. , 4ue tmn,"an ('km"n'",
'a,cu lare." """'"'''''' ", ""'''' 1,,, ",lr~m~,
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.i'lf"' m""'u l"",,. E,,", ;"0"",,,,,,,, O"rcma'
"'I"',,;u,,'" <n la "n/""'" '"m ,Iellr""",
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"'1"'''' 1""
la :te,i"'" ,le "na I""', ioo" lr"",iOO imp"""'ll,.
d 1<"I" ",,, e'I""']<"o ,,,.,,',, .. "" lmlx'cul.,
"" d ",n'U, 01,' la 1''''iOO 'lUlO '1'1""" . E" k"
1"",,,,, "M' K~iol<" a e,'Ik",",," "' . "1'1<]<" l,oc lk,
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",,iOO ,le la' lml""'"I,,, ,1<1',,",l' ,l' la lmn,m;
,iOO ,le la, fuer'". ,oJ"l ~t"~I<",, a 1." fu,,,,,,,,,,,,
pnop,a' de la e".''''a,' ,lo; la 1ro.:",meln,
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,lo; b 1<>",," ,lel h""", ,i,'".
El h,x'", ," a'K'nl"
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ti", ,le ,IO"flK" iol,, Y f"rm>ci,l" "'"
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dum"''' ,,~Ia la ,,,la}' le,,,k,," "lu,h"".. ", en
el ",Iullo, En '" "cJf:I p"',~~"""" 1.-.. r"""'''''
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<"lud",,, '" ,'""1,,, nl, ff"J~,I,
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2
Artrologa. Generalidades

E l hon,brr ,,, un ...." .""ul.do euy'" d,-

feren'., ,e;men"" pueden m,,,'e,, .
un"" en relac,n a lo> 01""' .", ' ,"ud Jt l. pn-.
Lo, hu",," darrollado, 1""
,o'HIroI '" halla" ","n;oo,. por <a,,;I.go, (,",,
<ond,,,,;,). Lo, quo I'roceden d"C'C1""",,,tc d
o"fica,';~n

.. nc;a de la, ''''c.1acoo'lO' 'Iu. "",nl ilen el un ~,buw TI"' r"brd'~'''' ""n un""" po, 'oji,1o
oc"1'lo>.an"cn'o ) d l1\Ovim,.m" <n c'.'Jun,o. flb",,,, I ,inlllm,,;,) hU,"r.,).
Su in'c~rid.d I,~al r",llil.'a "da tk ",I",,oo) S<-glin ,. ~ont,gu",nl' de la, 'UI"',(",,,, a,
l. ",,,,o,,a de 1", mo"mllen'os ,iculare, (f'g, y). ,,, ,"'ur., 1,,,,iibr,,,,,1 '" J,.
La, .",col""i""", ."n ,oo""",d,, ro' un """n ,." ~ r"I<~",ia"
"'>nj",,"" de ron"""",,,,, ana'm;ca, qu< Ul1(:n ""'''',, ,leN'mlas . I""",nl,n e"gr.na"".n
d,,, " ""b hU<",,,,. 1'" <I<""II,><Iu,,,,,
La parte de la .na""m" que ."udi. la, arti ,~""''' ~.'nn",,,, (a, '''I''',tki.;,"" ,',,"'o
culado,,,,,, '" lIa,"" ,,,1/',,1,,.,,, " .l!'ulc,,,,,,/(J ,,,"',, e<'1' ,.lIada, cn bi",l;
gra, Toda, la, aniculaciooo, rM, 1"''"0" elm;,- - .<1'''''''' pJ"'NI," ""m"";,,,, en ella, '" 1""
nI
,,.., ",,1,.,. la m,,,"" ''''pon.n" ... E"" ... 1 ,"'" e" , ..",,,,,:,,, ,ul"'rt;cic, I"ana, j ' ru~""l"
que ro,een 8'3n ampli'ud de mo,i,,,iento, ",q""ulill"_'. una 'ul"',,;ri< en 10n"a de
llk,,"bm. , ..",fe"".. ,,1: (~ra, '1"" ,"" de m.. " ..,,,"a,,, .",,ul. ,.,,,, "'" "mur. ,">rn<' ,,,,,,-~k
mlcn"" rc"rn~,~". ""minm, ile, hi"n,,, p- en b .""ul"",oo MI _l''''' "On la ,-","a Jd
b,,-ao. ) pur ,,1""10
la , 4u< .. aren"" de ",,,,_j. ~,fCT>lll(b_
",,~nlo (CI'Ile<J 00"110),
C/",il',.,k'',. ",,~Lin 'u ~,:>d<, ,le n"" i"'''n
'" '" di,'ingue,, :
a"i,'ul:K';on,,, ;mn6,;k, I_''''''nro . ... , ,le En "te "[>O de o"",ul""i60,. ,,,, rlk" lII11~n""
"'''ICnko """ el "o,do """'ul"r:[o"""",,_, '<w, 111,"",,"")'
de fU'a an'I''',u<l
a""ul"';" ...." ",m;nllh'ik, "In[oam'"", I Se ca'.ctcri"", [>O" 11 ~ar,'een de <."dad
y M ...... '00 ,,"', e l "l"lo ",,"ulor: """d"XI ' ,"",,,al: 21 la, ,uJlC",ie, ,,,icul're,. que e,
no."'.' . I" <ub,o,,", 1"-" "n """l"~o a"i,ula" 1'"""""
- u"i,ul.",,,ne' ",~v,k, Idit"""." , 1 ) 1'''' ton" ..:i",..." fLhr .."" " fit>n",a"''''~I''''';'' q....
'elle' Iiqu "~l "n<1\'I al: .<1 "m'udr, , '" n'krpot"'" <l" r< '111 "'" hueso" ))
ligamentos JlC'll'",,,, que roJean la " .. ,,'ula
1"'-"""""
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wrlch,.lc, (<I"eo ", .. r..-enebrall) la ';nlo,,,
E"e fol'" <le ,,""ul.. ,oo '" c,"'ucIH", mlr~ pubi"", 'O" ,ni"ul"""""" ea",'~jno"" . (),I '
lo, hu"_" " d,,1 cmn",,) lo, ,le la cara, f ",.. or, ."JucunJ",': part, "'. "n n~<del" ~.n,

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I'<"lemlaternl del Cue'l'" ,cr
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~ A IHI CULAC IONES DE: LOS I'ROU'..sOS

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,,-,,,,,,ni<. po.r~ .o.1;o ~
,,,.... ,,Ih,. .... ""''''" ~
ll.: formo <u.kl r"n~ul ... ro-
,,,'m: un h"nle ,u"",;..... ""..m" en l. ,':.ro .nlo
n,,, <le b ,",mil" .....,.."~.........I<": ,." bonIc ,lIt~
["" ''''Ie ", !~"' ... "'>c"I ...la """I'al" ..."'. ~ l. 'u 'k>l. ,,,"'",, en ,,1 "'-",le 'UI""''''' .... b l:m....
["', ,, .. la"r.ln ..,,," <. El ",;0."" oc "" rn":."" ,ub)'oc<lnc: un """le 1,1,,"1. 'lile '..,ubr~ l.

,



FIg. 53. CMH
_01 16"
10. 3.
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<CM" .nkul...,. " lo ~"" '" "dhi."" "n bonk
medial, Ik>n<k ' " S IIbms '" ,..,""" """ el IIfa.
mem" ,",,"" 110 "1"":"",
["", ligalllCo"" 'O" mu) 'N'.,,""''' y "'U )'
./j>liw,. 'an ,o ",,1> .'Ir",IIO. al,,,,, y .'1"'''''
".,,\1<, ,n'" inf.rtore, ' 0" e" la colu",na \'e" e-
tral, Su mm (/1111"";0<" ,""""pondc.1 c.'>dl ,'.,...
I.br-~I (e'lu,;o portdu",.I); 'u ~ar.o 1""'0"'" ",,,
oo"l'a p"" la lamina , upray.cen'e )' poc 1m
m' ... ,,1os e"'<,'''''" oc la ",pi,,"
br-. I",.
"Cn,,',"II"""
4, Ur>OlN DE LOS PROCESOS ESP1:-:0S0S

Se reali,,, por>< medK' de lo> l'w'IICIII'" "'l<'

r< .'pmoso.' }' e' ' '[>1'''''.11''''''.'''.
A. U g.menh'" inl . ' '''pi",,,,,,,, (fig ..~.~ ) ug.'''' ''''
1'"'11. 5$. C<>'~ doII _ " " ILoNf'" QIJ<I
pasa tt/gO ~ .. dIImC/I.o <lit .. 11""", ~. ""9""'"
Ocupa" 01 .'p""'"o"l re 2 proce"" .'pi,lO'
"".. in",n:inlk ..... ell 1, ,, 1I<><'Ik> 'lJperior. ,,,f. 10 'l~ ""' COtN/"
""_"""'0
, ."..; 2,
~ 10<"91_'
~inol po010n0r; 3 o""'POS
..,1<1.

rior de 1,,, 1"""''''''''mfrup"cnte y '''prJ )"ocen ..,"""'_ . ~ , d<KO I~eb< " COI1. 5, ~ PIII-
poo.o (:IOr<jO<I_ o "".""aI).
6 , PICO'SO ""","",,
'r; 01".""" a h" ligamen'", .ma,;II", I'"r de
Ltn,. Y '" . 'lIe"""" hacia "Ir, h.,1O t... 1,..,
iof",,,,,, ,. peOi(;IJiI:" 8. ~,9 . lIfOCO'$O espinoso;
'0, ~"'" """.....,;no.." " . Iog..,.."",.,...n
midad ",,,'en ,,,. dell"""'e"". poro..,. 12. ""...,.",.,. omo_. ~ _ 1_",,00
00<1. '2. $O>CO/)f1 "" loo "'" 13<10 ""'''''f>:>; 13, ""'0
U. U~.",.m .. ,upc""' Vlnll"" ..." i--....n.... OIIOQ~ <lit COI1JU"C''1)

Imp.r y "" .. dio. '" ."ie",lo:. 111 I..~" <le t.

ro)umna "n."do lo>
pie ",pe." ,n"e"'" del oorde J>O>ler"". <lel I~.
proo.."'"' .,pi"""".
S;m men'o intc""pi""",. ni"el d. la ,"I'''''~illlm,
"" y. ",,,,Id< la ""...1';" . ", un c~mJn de i,,
t<IJI'",i<:ilin f, b""", e"'re 1"" n'''''''ul,,, del do'
"' '' .. lo ",,el. s.\1I<k>. d. ,,,"''''';00" 1". m,>
<ul" , Ir:rrecio y gr." do.... al. En la r~:";,, i......;
,.,,/ ""'-lUlere o.. "dad prop l. ~ c"On'li'uy,' d ".
,~""".",,, "~"'''''''I~"wr",r Ilig. 56). & ,,,,<,,,
oc oc..oc la pm.uoc"""'I> """ ipilal ."ema ha"
1. el P"""'''' ..'pi""", <11.' l. l ' "......;oal 11'<'"'<'"
I'''''"i",."",.)
E" l. prof"II<hdad. '<' i",<,"a en 1", 1"""':""""'
. '1''''''''''' ,le 1" v nebr., "e",i<:.I",. Se "~"OC
", un ,"hi~"" 4"" ""I"'r. 1, ",,,,,,"Io,, ,lo:
'(Ir.
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5. UN iN DE LOS PROCESOS
TRANSVERSOS
F1g. $01 ~"""'IOS ......,.". ",. ~ ~ _
>isI<>$ poi" $O< ","fa ~_. " 7' ","""",a DOMCaI, " .
La reah n los ',",em",' ml"'C~"w"S"'.
... p"0C0IS0 e s>onoso; 2 , ta .............""'.,,,,, J . po.
E" l. T~.~IJn ... n;ml. o;'" ,""iluido.< por lo-.
_;', ~ . rnari ..... $, _ 1 " , . tao .... ",u,culos nlem.n"",,,,, C>lU deno U" .
w..,_ cM los p'ooe..,. OflO::u"'''', ">1'10<1 __
..., _ , 6. onieulociOn-...,
adapt oc;oo de eMa, f"""",,iones a la ",.wi lidaJ
de la columna {"(.",..,..:31, E" la mi,,,,,,,,, 1(lI'cica .
 el ,."." I~', >:M' >: .H.~ M \l. ' " ,d",i,.",n,,~
t. ,"I"",in",,'. rep,.,.,nl. !./~ ,le la alwr~ tld
oue,p" ,'enebral:
- lu, n I.kl' " \Ul f:8kAl.l:S poseen
~ ..dia u"i"ul""irl ,"plenlCnl."a. b,lalcr.1 Ila
U"' "".
",;Ida un(.',.we"ebr~1 (LlICh,~~. Tm"',,11 <1"" I"~
'.. en "0"';><10 "" 1"'",10"" ~aoch".." laxIfi",
",,,,i luna,"' 1 "'H'
1,,, li~'''ICn,o'' li ~ncl\ ,,,lO,
,i"1 1"''1''' (,.",,",, fi~ . ~J~
_ 1,,, "",,"'K"" A NT KLL\ .'~' I""..."'an 'u
f\c,I1"i", pl~"", <1"" e,,<aJ~11 >o<o.

, AR TIC ULA Cl O~ ES
DE .. AS
VIORTERR AS TORAC!CAS

Su u"i"'" c_ :,iiok,.l' I~~'" nkh'iI. Brindo" la,

.,,,,tilla,. 4"" ,..'" ,,1 .. il~,. un 1"'"10 <lo "po}'O
ro..."
d "''''" " ., .:., "M' "KM." o, rela" ...n",,
1< <kl~~dn. I!~ de la ,llur.. ' .... 1 "uerpo' ""","
........ 1:
- 1", tc,,"'~ "" L'fMf.I..\' U'!I' ~S "'" e.,
n'" I""hn,. la, lmi".. ""n i",h"~a,b, ~nn'O 1,_,
'ei'" u.,. un IOJ"OO:
Flg. Lga""'nkl """""'" PC518,,.,. ""'" ""' ....
S/;. - lo, ."","",s , "HI'IlI.U'" ,.,f' pl,,,,,,,. .lc
cara ~ el. el. la. oiete _as <e<VIC'l- po.'<Iue~a' din",,,,",,,,,'.
In_ 11 [01], .......... >+totwa '''''''''''' [~ 1. 10-
O"~o .1 1ar<oocc~1.>I 1_ _1 _or ... ,
.l. ARTlCUL,\CIONES OE LAS
2, l~oru,~ :3. ~_""~POS
\'~ RTEBRA S LU MBMIES
'"""""
' 000'; ~_
..."._
..... ""a_ esto ~o: 5. Mg.>-
: G, "'LlSaJIo ..... _ s o , 1 1Of-
!el .... _aI SO" 1<1<"e, y ",",les:
el '"''''''~ ' '. "''. H :U ''.", ~'UO"' . 1/3
,le 1, all"r~ tlcl ,."",1'"
"'''d....~I:
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' "'.'''~ l' l.... ' ".
Y ap"",J", 'Iue re""," '''' d,,, plCo, ,k 1", .... ,,'" ,' ''''', '" ~<ni,'al," ~' ","' 00' ",tn OC"I""
m"''''''' Imn,W",,, oo)'",:cn'e', A "iwl 11.: , <10." 1'""
hg,mon,,), ol_IIC>":
mi"",,,,, "",,,,r. ,,, ,Je-aID>I I.. ," """ ">r\.,joJc
.. ~Ie: '" ,"",nan en ,,, 'uocre"!,,, de lo, "fU,ce_
1", ""'M"""" .' . '1(""""0'.' ",,;In ,""",,;.
tu,do' po< "'gmem", ,.... dlind", ><Ihdamcn'o
"" ,. "n,n"'" ",,,:,,"")' 'M' ,.., k ""'''lo'''''''. "no<ul"~,, 1""" wn " "I"'r1icic, ,'""ila~in",""
","pila> .
11. I:A I(M.;T EIU ;S Itt:t;U IN,\L t:S El li8amenl0 ama,illo ,cf"<o.a .fi,a,m<no<
HE L ,\S ,\ KTI t.:U I.,u': I OSKS d ,,,I<ma e"l"ulol,~an"'''l''''' ,ntoriOl".
\'E KTUI K,\l. t :S
1Il. ,\RTI t.:t: 1 ,\t.: IHr-:.:s un. SM: RO
un 1e " "'g"""" oc la ,'o'u""'. '<1-
{" "d~ y IJU. t.:ikc lX
"'~,"II~'''''' t-ar..:'"""'
1"''1''''' y""'"
C>M,fle"'''
l. ARTIClJL\CIN L.lJ~IBOS /lCRA
I""iI'lid,uk" f"n.;i,~",k, diro"n'",'
I~~. ~7)' ~Hl
1. ARTrCU L,\t:lO r- ES IlE LAS
V',RTEIIRAS CI, KYICALf.S La p,orti,,,lar o"o"''''ioo ,lo la, ,upo.,,',e,
a"",u l"",, iml"~",n .. e"a .",,'ula<i,'" "a ......."
. . " con,id"."'",,,, ,",ui 1.. , ",",ul""lo"." '""'a , pn ,p,"'. L.a '"1'<',11";," a"ku"', ,i<' la
Jd "",, Y JeI o.' " ,'un d "'''' 'I~IOI 'IUO ",r-n "<'nd>r~ saL'm ",,, 'Himtooa h",:i. u"ib;, y ""'.
",,,,.Ji,,l.., en ",,,, ub,; i,,,, de l. ".1",," ,O '"' 1, I:.J''' O it"'I",,,da ~ ~. ,,'.. ""!,<".,,,
a la Ilori,,,,,
wlu ",,'a. N,,, rden",,,,,"1 ""1" d" 1" ""to.'u 'al. I"ic"lea, 4"< e" 1, <Cara ",fe,i", de I~ ~,
I "",,,~ ,,,, do: ,", w"o ......~, ,..,no,"u lo, 4U" p",,,,n lumba, e". i""li";,d,, ",f.""",,,,,,,O ) h.da
,"n " '. " ., . "'"" ... ",,, l ' " ' ' ' ' ,; 1," . "Ir,;' ,a,i un ... , 1"". 1)" di" ""u lla un:> an~ul .
FilI. ~7. A~ ...aOlkaca "","""-'.....
1.""- . lIuoosoco,aI ,' , Ion: 1'. _ .
b, ~'." f 5' _ as iuT>ba<,tt" c . oacro, d
000;;., 1 , , 1.g.amenIO Iong~ ....,..,...
2. d<SCO l'-lS; 3_ do&<:<> kImb:>Oa.crO.'. ;;ga-
metilos Ctoco<e;g"" nle'oo' 5, l;ga
memo oao-otuber. ",","'" mo,orl;
1_,.,"
~
I_ro ",tbca]
ti ""',..".
mono<. 7. la
]03C'ocoar.oo rneoorJ: 8. """u,a o-
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10 , 10'. jo-
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~

a"
doo ,.",,,, "",b., pi", .._ 1M"," ",.r,'aJ. "" d ni- Lo ani,'ubd,l" lu",bo.,>ucr. ~, d a.ie,",,, ok
i\o y oo, '~"'Hu"d.,"n la ""'je' ~U<' ,." d h"m- 1", "k"'"ni,"",, y ..... nin'"n la ""Iun\ll" "~n~
bo-r. ~ .... ",.:il. ~n'", /lQ' y l_\(/"' ",~Lill tu, LlKh_ hr.1 en ,d,,:;n "U" 1" I","" T_m,j,,," <k-"" .
,'id"",,: ,,~"lo ,,"ru,""nob<"~1. ",in,,,'" ",'"c",'I" ,,,,,,1",,1/('1' '-
"n .',,uJ J"
1':,," "" "'.JUro"". ro< un. 'uenc 'e"ok,~'," la, ~"nJ"'""e, ",cd,"ca, ,k 'u r"ne'''".
1I ,bli,.miontn d" la~ ' "nchrJ 1,,",1>;0, "oh<,' ",,,,nt,, ,"jl"")' ,lin;\n,O, ,~).,,!oIU)e un pun-
el ""'lO ~' cn "'M,,,,,,",,ocia un, ad'p'""n .... '" ,I"ml dd m~u,. cun~, 1" ~'c"i~u,n 1", rn:
b, .,1n,.to~" I'am iml"'J,r ,">tu ,,,", .. .00: ,'Ul'''''', <1,,/,,1'," J" 1,,, ,'""16 ,., ., ,.",~ ,""-
- el ' '' ''''.. ,,-n :M' .xn:Mw ,'t c, "'U) "'1""". ,'i,,,, J~ 1,,, m;'n~r.u ' '''I''n''''. ,1.: l. ,k'hilid:u\
"u"."I("', ..... ",:1- ","' .., en "" 1"''''' a"t,',,,.. y.... "'" "',, l. rI,
n l. 1">'10"'--"-, Fh un. ","<ul;,o;i" 1>"'1"",k,. ,"h,.na 1''''
- lo> In,,", L.ln,,~ .:, ""' H:W ''' RO:' c,,,,, ok,,,, 1"" ,,"u",,,ul," onu)' c'I"""'_ 4"" ""'IT"
"'U)' "'f';w",b, una, ,le las '''m . Su 'UI,,rf,, ~ 1,,,,,,1, oolebnlo 1, ,.,pa,adn M lo, ,,,,,,
c> m:h plana yoc m 1, "'g'" lu",I>;o.-: el liga. I i:" :,,. pnmi,i.o, In"f'Il 'nni"" .:II1;":")' al
".... n!O I"""""'~ ",:i no;, rcro"ado ) la u"il' ",r,oo '"1''''''''' de l. 1"'''''
m~,I(" . El ca,,;,1
do: 1,,,pn ..'~'''' lu",I>-."" co" "" h'Mnl,,~a, '-en"h",1 n~l.:" la, rJ"'O' ",.. """"" de l. ,'a,kl,
""'I"J.' e, el p'nk',!,,1 ,,"lkulo.1 de,li",n".n- """ina .,,"'~"'~'" ~" el ,~'" ok lo <Ium,,,,,
'o h.,;, "'\"'ante ,le l. m lumna lumhill-. 01",. "i<o, 4u~ nn C'M "'''"" "'~, abJJo el
pln" ,"'."'" I,,..,,,,i,, i'40i,,,,,,,, 1'''''' lO ",,,,,,,
c .....,.~
I"'O<~" "'''"'.~__ '""' '''''' 1"'''''''' ",a)",I,
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"SO lo,,.,.. '"" '.'~'"
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.... u .."',...., ,.",..".;,,,.. ,~, , ARTIClJI.\('l:>l S,\("RQCOCCiGEA
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- 1", , ,,;, "f.' '-'" l.' '~ "I ' , 01" , l.' "nt~", ..
y I",,'e,i,..., .",.,ll". n'c""pi"""" o ,",cn",,,, b un, iJ,-i.."I,,, '"'' 1'''I'trI"~i,".,,,' "1" "'YI'
w,.",,,,,. ".,,,n muy de,,,,,,,lIuoJ,,,, I,m", el 1""- '; ' ',,,,ji,,,,r,,'i'} ~n la """1 b '"I""("'< >UCr.J
<0,0 ''',"""c',,, Jo la .~' Ium"',,) d .Ion\t "'- c' ,,'n'c," ) l. ,, ....';~'a "I~" ""'('$ .
Enre
"ro .., ","e,><le una ",n"lI_ I,OO"a ,,~,.i!; liX'" amha, '" "'crp,,n. un 1i!l""'~I"., .1"1'-'.,11''''''
.....111.. "w"'''','''' '1,1'' ,,/,. IJ , '"" , '''kl" ''''''I','' '''.
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A', isqoJoon: B V 8 , .' , 5' lIoirtetw... Un-
Dar. ., e, oacrt>, D. cacci . /. 1O,a. . . . ~ .,.
1"".0".'50: 2. ~to 1IioI....,.,.,.: 3.
Iiga"",",o sacroiliaco ""'"'''''''', . , fO so'-
culo _ .. " b . Iig_to od . c. 1iQo '
mIto ucro;U.." _ Ido Zovul: d. o-
g"mento sac'OHIIinooo : ' Iot_ it
Q\Jir"" I""",o"m" _al
ga_ .. o " " , _ al
5. O-
["""'~J
mil,.,. "'"
nor: 8. ncoIad",. 0Sq<N!OCO [dalical_-
n",: 6', fo"men oblUf""" . 7 Iig""""o
oac,e,"""'", 1~1~ m'y"'l 1- ....
t_!cuIo ".:,'''..,1.: 8, I~o """",,-
biaroc: g , ~to ;"o,cocegeo 10. -
~ oac:rOCOCC'lJOM ~ ...... .
p6ffic;at , prOTt.o:><lO : ", P<O<_ (OQI .....]
8s>noso: 12. ~o inI~

, ,
br~1 rem 4uC .... u ., fibr<"" Se dc ....'tib< : un Nornlolmente poco mvil. . _" ""'ul",,;.oo
" .~""I<'"t{j ."IfT'K,,,'dX~" <lm,,'''')' ,,1,.., I~'."r M adqu i.re rcal ,i ~n 'lc""in fu"",,,,.1 ,,,,1,
r.r, 4uo se apoyo ~baJ" en 1", cuerno, del ~oc <OJO en el mo",,,mo del 1"""', Lo. h~a"","''''.
e" , complacie n'<,. J>C,mi'e n 4"< la c.... ,. ,,,.,
Los I,~"",,''''(>.I "" ""(N ... i~r".\ "'redl.,. empuje ,,1e<,i, hocia OIr, lo 'lIJe ,nodif... e'
<",""","den un ha.< ",...h.1 y OIro later.. 1. E,1a dim<: ' ro a ntemp<",crior dd orificiO) inf,,,",, 01<
"",<,ul""',(,,, care....., dc proce"" ."icul.'e> 1""" l. J>Clvi, en lo> movim,ento_ <le "M",'"
y
terio... , . ,',"""m""..."m,

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Fl9, st. ~.<.OO""""'IQN,'" /JI ~ ""~_ Mr1<X. 1, er .... ...,.'" 2, oac/O; 3. 3' 13'. 101 trIO
~ sacrocooclgoos _ _ _,IQamMIOo ~>geo ; 5. e<cI. , 6 ~ ~. , .......... inllOJf'OCX"9'M
,.,..._ .... ",-.,.",., _..-,',...-" 1onII'_ anIOrior; 2, ."""'; 3, 3', 3",1Og_ ...
aOC()C(;f_ 1110<1"'; _, . - sacr<cC<:<:\IOCI ""''''.,,, 5. _ ; 6 , ~ i-...oo;\i<>O
6
(Msculos espinales)
Msculos ereaores de la espina
[Msculos de los canales vertebrales]
S re,.
e de"","""" "'lu 1,,, m,h,-,'" PI'."''';'''
~uc .,.~ur"n I~ . "0""6,,, Y 1",
m~"'"I()_, Immll_" . 4ue I"'"icil"''' en la rol. -
cln. indi" "", laloral tk la <,.,Ium,,". E",,,
m,",,,I,,, O<l:in colocado en <"ntac10 inme-
dial" ron 1;" "."ebro . en 1"" IwKlI IN/e_
hml.,. ,, 'uado, entre lo, proce>{>, 1.><SIi';'1
.,pi"",,,, Y"'''''"''''0', Lo, rns.ul", 4u"
fl.r;",~", el r.><ui , c., tan "a di'la",,;.' de l.,
,'.".br. , Y "'" de"" ;IO> ms ....cI.mc.,,'kal),
m" los mo",,,ln, dc la nUCI (re~ill
", ~".
,notun-,< dc l. ,,,.I,Cla.
l.", 2 cuna le, , ..lcM.I., .'I:\n ocupado,
p>r 3 nla"" muo.,"I.,..,.: el ~","'"I,, il(~ """'/
,1",..,,
{JU<'rulllmh.ir} . e l ",,,,("u," I,,,,,~"''''''''<
d , 1,I{/r,,,llur~,,, y 01 ""lerll" 1"<l""'C" -O le"
p'~I.,,1 l.os do, primero, """ , upcrlic,"b }'
rI'cn:cm profundo.
Ai.lw... )' b;"'"Ill" bien ,n.JI\',du.III.do< rn
l... ~in do".1. . " c"nfundon on l. rel'i6n
lumb.:l, e"
una """" ",lItll",
Se pued.n adju"I~' ae"""
n",,,ulos, ,ilua-
dos <n Cont""'O CQn 1", ,'nebm<. 1", mu"'ul",
tnl~"r.n"'e".ri", I;nlr"r,nw<"",,1 " ,"",re,
pinal"" l<>pi""""I ,
A. ,\l. trtrlllro'pinar./WA IMasa cOIm n l
IflS. bO).
Se "ri~,na .baj". ,obre 1", rdi.,'., ,e",
p"'m,,, " la ro~i6n lu",I><"."o: p""" "
lapr.,i, 1<>pin",,,,, IUlllb.lre, y <"'_". ,,,,,,m. "i
cornil on elli~amet\to """ro1ubrrJII"",,,,,,i.ili-
>1Y en la tubc .. "idad I:a.
Se p ..."<lo di"inguir un pl.no >.porfll'i.1 apo-
... urti,u y un pi""" profundo ca"""". El ron
jUnI" c, muy ,,, I,,mi,,,,,,,. muy potente y ""ulta
11 <"'1",,101<1 ,ul"",onlo. l..; m.,a mu,""ul.r '"
<lltig. ".n,e.lnte"''' >aro di.idi,,,, a l. ~I tu ..
<Ir lo ,n'erlnea T12LI. donde,., pot<l< ",,'0-
......,. el il~"'o>"' l. ellt",gi .., imu, 'hu_i, hlu<-
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(f'g.,. 61 y62)
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la I"'ne ,upclCial}' 1.le....1 de l. ma,. romun .
S. dirige had.llITib.t y termina:
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- por medio.1e ~ r~l1</o,,", ,...... 'i"'I~'. en 1<
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de e,le mu"'ulo,
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ltima, v".bra, ""'rol> y la <_'Pi.
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ben rorote_, ""IVi""", originad", en la, r~m,. f(0 .
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8
Anatoma funcional de la columno
vertebral y del tronco

\ . ~:sTTlC'" n :II1't:IIK,\ I. A. n ",ill" .. Ir",;';"

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y DE lA CARA

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Ipto,i~,."., ila,l, En la e.m I1K.-.J,al ni,'cn fa
""a, .""'u,""": la an,e,i", par" l. "",,;11:.. 1"
pO>'<rio, pam el e ,fc noide, y la ;",cm><J ,a "
",ed .. 1 p.1fa l., ,,"""' Im""M, del hu~"" ~, .
"""de, .
El I',.,~.~,,,, I"/~fi"-'I ~.if<n"<I"I, ,,,1, r':~""
iIo 4"" el p'cc."cn'c. "" di,; ~" m",H.hncn",
OIr. y "rrit... ~" "'1"a ,upemla,~ ral "" "1'1"',
con'ra la oo",.!el f"'>'" pt",i~oide" forma,,
du el ,ureu pala""" ","yo, tic la 101""". pe '-
pclld ku"" ""n . ...,)
j,~~ .. I,,,I,, [>feri ~''''''bli'~' 1
p.ilm I"-,,-a,,,, Y nervi"" .lel mismo rM>mhrc. S u
"1".1 onk,i,.. oo<""ooy. a fon"".. 1" boJ ...". ",.
I..",.vid""", ",,,,1,,,.
o., ......""'k' Ii~..,r,m"''''o """1>0,,,1:11. 1""""""
1, C,m" 1r.~. In! 1: en non",,,' ,le !. I~ ""'-
dial n>",", . ,,,i"r,,ada h",i. el "'1"" ,le la, <:l'
I id",,,,,, ,,,,,,,le>... , >U ",it"" "'I"'ri,,,~,
nlC",,, Ii'a. y en la ,fC'K"-. prc"''''"
ru~""i.hk,
n'" "
)' ,.,re", ""","1."", 1" c"r~ 1, .. ,,,,1 ,r"'"",
foro
m. l. I"''''' m"di.1 de l ",,,a", infe'K>< ~U< , "'.
f"'l".t o.lo. l" I~""d 1" ,,,r.I.1e la. ".vid"Jo", """,k.,
2. Hum,.. El '"/''''''''' ., ,ni,'ula "un la, ,' .
m, n>e<hal", (le la "' .ljll> ,. <le 1" "1",;,,a .. ni-
~a l dd I~,b' ,n", En ' u I""~ an' c,i, .. u"" ,ah",,-
1, ,u"dr""gu l", .... ani," ", """ d huc,,' I,gri -
"'al r con lo, boro,,, dd " " " al "a")j.~,,mal
1'"1)"d",,'" ".,"11: el/",,, ~'O "/,,;,,, I,,~,
",,/ o ' HI~ 'I. I'u' ikt"h. uJla l",ina . ""ha diri
~ ida ha<i" "hajo>: el /"', .",,, nw. ... /"' '" .nu la
~'''' d burde int",i", ,lel h,o'n dd ."'"0> de lo
"""illa -.1""'-'",,,,10. ~hi, hada alr" un. pe-
~",,~a la'n,"" ." , anic ula """ d pn><c-.o u""i",,-
do MI "'mo,d." .ll'nH~") '''I'';.<is' m",

l'rincipalt1lc nlC form,d. p'" I ~j; ,~ , ~"pa<

lO. >C ~",'U<'n'r.t 'ejido ......-o c'ponjoso en la oo
"" de l proceso j "pr.,i'l p!F,,,,,,dal.

5;,""do pruf. . u",,,,,,,,,,. 1"''''''''-''''' po, '" ,.-

ra n>ed i, 1 a la, c.,'ida,k, na",k'. C\pI"rdhlc,
por ri,,,,,,,,,,~" d,= I'."
,,,.'01 <le lo> m<at'" 'u
f..i",)' n..,ho, Po, " .. d,o ,le la ,,,.... ,,,,'!"'
1"'" ~ 3 2
'eri", '" "h""" el h",,1c IK", rri,,,. del hue'"
do.>n<k: ,,' i"",na . l "'h, ,1o,11",lada'. 1\" ';;J hu -
4':J~
~ ~~~
.
<.1 "" ,i,,,,,li,,. lo 1"'''< I"",i,,, del I"'I.da ,
S<'O !.tPIl:oJo 1"" "",,""'.

1), 1)0,<;1, ...11" ,

s. ,~00u0:~ " '~"'" .., , , ... ~~ ......'''n _ _ FIg. 102. ~ _""""" I~'" _ .....
,"......"") ..,,,,.. "" ~ , ......,......,,,: _, ""1"" " _ . ""'~ _ i _ ) Y ~.... #I~.' ill/llllJOJ 1
f'f\"I~' ...""",.1>1 ) 1:0 ""'-'." ,,"~~,,) ",.. ". , 1 "' .... , &.uomo 8""''''', 2. ~ MS3I: 3. _ - . . .;
"" .......'. A['>'<'"" ,.~ .. ,", ,,'""1<"""'.....,..... "". ., proceso otmoo:lal: 5, " "omo poster"", e. bot .... "-
, .... ",.~,,~. (01)< .. ,,,, ",r,,, ...,, te .....: 7, proceso ma .....
,J", El honlo ,nfenoo.
............ n:r.:lk>.

Ii:~,"",o
lo""'. ~ ~II<_" ..,1,,,

p""~'N,," ~" ....

cnnocn ..,. n de' ,,:od;o, .oI.~
cnc ..... ""'""n"" ' '!'COi< ........
.,1 .." Y
... .
1. e ..... lfo, 103 ). PI ... ,,", Y 'en .... k ...,
C'a> "
nc,
3. El :unen" . ). el .""'" dt k" 4ue '" "'""' ..... uno. ~iri8>olo;odc:
en c..."Xlo ron la ma" U.. adtl.... e y ....n el pa. la"'e )' .""JO.
41le ~Iuja el """.~, "'<1;"","1.".
la""" ~ I rh. AmI><", '" a[><>y." ,." la, ,,,.,,Ia, "" 1e,fe""I'"I,"00I'"'''"",.
"",,,,hal,, Ilumi nale>1 d< am"'" ~"'''' ......
2. Hord~ . Elk ... ""'''
11. E. ,rUCIura .1 ."/><",,,,,", . ';"no "" :In ~ulo dl ~ro. f,,...,la
un canal d."' ....'
de odcl""'e liad.
".ni> y de
""' e ~ue"" ~" compue,"" ~" 'cJodo ~ .mbo ~ia ' ' 'JO """ ..., ...
"u la ron la c-m;..
con'pKlO y dt11:oOO) ..., ,,"Il~ mlr ....... nle l. ,nf....... del elle"'" del c,lcnoidc: . c~a .,...
pu_ .,.,.. lo mOlCma .....aI. no .k-.on.<lI el f.....so del ......1 f~.>I el
conducw ~.fe_omc .....", med,ano .,.,.. ~I ..""
c. "n3Ioml,. M SUpe<"r",", PI"" ...... ..,.,n"I....... Imp el ......"'" del .. fe
"",<lo, y d ..".0:
[ , e. pt.",.blc 1""" ""'~'" de ,""""""'" anle b l ,,,/"',"". deli.oo. """",ra en un. crc--Ia n.
rio<: ~ .""",,"' m ,api.odo '0.. 1"","", 1"" n," ~( .... f, ..... ,;od. IIni, en la lioca med.. ", "lO< , ...

-""". r.m)., hur,,,,,!,",, <lo: 1", po,IOI;OOO y",," ..lo

I.nle. 1"" lo!. prt~"' .. P'J1.. i....... dc l n, ... n.."
o. l)r,."rroll" el '''''~'''w. ,,'llCoo hac,a . !>aJO )' odclonlC.
s..r..._ ......., "" .. _ ... ___ ....... '" ""ne "-'''''..... '" a",cula con l. lI.""" ""'.
.......""". d .... ) __ ......-- tI<i _ _
~_

pendICU lar dtl ~,In<Jd<o<. Y el rtSI.". ron el ronl

la!" dtl "'1'1'"
\'u. VOMI;It. 'W4 I" ......... 1 dI ('""n"". del ~adu y ron,"",~. lonno el
bonlc med,.1tic l. panc I"""cnor de ambo.> ca
E.. un. l;\mi... 6sc~ med,,,,,,,...."nJoda oh ,Kbdt, na",", .
de I~ ~. r. mfell'" del c""po> del c. fen",,;!e..
"",,a la ' ulur. "",d ,an. dt la """.-.la pola'in . R. ~:'IrIlC"' no
1'""". l. porte JlO',~riOl" <kl ""pI"
,lo la> cOli
dlO<lo, n."'I .... Se ~"'"ut Ol '" (o""oJo j"IO< tcjid" "MII I""""
en 'u ,,,,a Mad: c ... r~11 )' pued<- fru<"luru,,,, )
,....._---'*'
' ....... .............
ombo,_ ....".I"_ ..... .....,
.. _-, ~: de,pI"'-" . ... """,. un loJo pm\'oc.anJo dt.".
e .......... dd...,P'O I."""",el

Con la lim, ... ""rp<"1kIlCular dtl ....... Idc. Y
el ("". nil",,, dtl >epi" f<><m. ~I ..... pI" med,ano
de 1"" C.,,Jade, na",I... ~ ~"'1n~"en 2 Car. ,
r 4 Ioor..k.
.", ... 1> ' ... "" _ _ '" """, ... "'" "' "', ~ "'~
Lo """""""a pe"""e e"udl" . ''''''~, de
la, .,,><lado, """'''' . ,.. ba:< C"~"', del hile""
,ul><eno Je """ .. ",,,.
Il . Ik' MI"I"ull"
1'.0 .... " ... " ""'J-,,.................
1"'''''''' ...
........_ """"'" ......... ""' .. """,- A _ _ _
"" . ...." . _ ........... """"", .. , ...L ........... "
_ . . . .1.. , 7 ........... , ... _ _ ......

\'111 . ,\/,JN /J lnVIJ I . /W4

IMo,no. inf....... 1
, lI ue," ,,,,,t,",,,. Impar y mod,an,'. c' Un
" ... '" " ,6" ,1; '' uad" en l. pa rt. nr.ri".. de l.
,.r. tnn""U)'. por ,1 >010 la mandbula. fu,~
ronfo~"r.odu en un cu~"'" c6nc"." h;.d ",,,
en form.o de "modu",. "'" e~II,,,.,,,, ..., d",,...
"tfl;,'" 'n,~",~ ha,; ,,;h~ f,"mand" "," el
"""1'" un ,;n~"I" ",,, '",In,

"",",io,., ('.... ~... ,..... " ..... 1." .. l. "'''' "'' ' '''''',"
d.i n.''P' '''' ............ "fi....' ............... <1 " .. ~,"
.~,,"'"

A, I ~ < I>..-ic\ n

Se <le""ibcn el ,'ocrpo }' 1" "'" r.m,., la,

"''''''''Ole,l. "
1. CI/u/",. Ion l,. ,I"""p"." ! ..r,", ) 1
IK..Jc" ,
.) e~ k , ,,~- "': ."'k ,tr", ,,~, I~~, 111-11: (>1\"
""n,. cn l. li",. mod,a". "na un'.
,'c,..".1.
.."" I",d" do: hI MJldCKJ"r. Jc amh", m,,,,..k, tlcl
"""'P", 2 ,
hUMO: la ""'' ',i"!/kllulil ..l<lr {""'"'",,imm{ '1uc
"",,,,nla """.1" b ,.h,,",,> ,\(- 1:. 1"''''''/>''''<1111 ,,,
FIII. 104 .

""""'. .
M.>!Idbul~ , c~,a d<>~
oi""'" ma_.... [moo1<>l'103l\1lJ
~,... - . . [e.'emal: 5.
1
3 . 1oY_ "",",0-

_.-
bor"" _ , 6-
{ro",,,, '"';.,{ "","'"m,,,,,, a<>g<.Oo "" la ma!Id;buIa, 7, lama m.,-,,,,,,,,,,,,_
LaI~r_II",.",,,,, y ""'''" alta, '"
r(I~I<'N {<lgIIJ<''''{
'''''''''"Ir. <I};.-
!/II'''''fl''''''''. pv' ,k>nJc " m<r'
""".[ 8,procelO<XIfIdW""" I . ~zaya'
110 , 9. inco"" .. ""'oc.""'''''
leoeo".'M. ~"""" J
oIcao

10, ",o",,,.., .o,Mold"" (.p<>".i. CO'O""''''''I ,,_

,"n .I,),,,,,u y 1,,, "a"-" ",,,m'~,,, ,, ,,,," 'a allu-
1> d~ la imp""',oin dd ~o
pmn,,'ar: ,. ,; "
"';,00 <le d;,,",":,. ~n"" d bunk ah~,la, y el
...roo libre . am"'" I :M~" & 1" p""u"",,r.u,,,i. d,'" di, i<.l< "o" a ,ar., en 1 ",.oc" U"' ,up'",,,~
I,m;""",",al n"'''U,'':,,'''. ~n""g" lo. !i",," ,,"h " "'",al '1"" ,., ..... , I"""k- :l<k-la",o " k... "1<'",, .
tu. 1.".m" l. En ," ~,~m.n", ,,~"O d "'mio: ,'m. y. e .. la la,k, ,lo: la e'I'u'a "",nlall, lapfi
i"fe,;,,' ocl hu<'". para di"~,,.,.< '""~o hacia '" ~e"j 1a la 1k"'ea Ilo~,~ ,ubli,,~uaL ~"e ak,J"
,ni!>a )' .. ,r.;': ,n,.,;o" ,'n ,h~~.",.1 e,t. ,,r. el ,"tr,,,,,,, ,II'C,"'" , \o;-
'" glndula. 1__ I"),,:,n
eonl"' u"o"'"" ,'(10 d "''''''' an'~,,,,, "" l. r.!,,,a ,' uaoJ~ 1"" tIc!>aj.. "" la loc. mil"hi"i<lea !"'.-.
I.""n,j,-,,,,", . En ,-'1" li,,,,,,, "'~"'. '" """""" J,- "'- '''>In",,,,,,, """,,,;,1: 1"""-"'" ""a J,.'p"'-
""h.:uk" ~u':\,"-~,,: ,kl"""" ,Ir! la";() ,nl'<'<"" ""," do",k- '" al"-", la ~'lltl"'d ,u"'nanoJ lbub,
Iw:Wr.Klo ocl m~III""" ) ocpr""r ,ltI ,nglllo
"""I ,ri,,,~u'", ,le "" ""i,,,I, En <i ,rea .,,-
p,,:n,JKl, po.. eTl.:"", "" e,., 11"", )' po, ""!>aj.,
dd "''''",1< . I'c""" ....' ,,.,.,.,,,': ." ,,,Ii,-ntt, .... n;
col., ~uo "o"e'po"Jen "- ,.' ""p"m,o";u<,e,
denla';",: ~"'re e"., ,"'.cn'., .''''e" ,Ufe."
que "O"" 'p,,",kn. "" "'1''''' ""er"I>'o"I,,.,,,
bl e' M' ... " n _M",N ,"' ~ -._ . ,,, 'll ltl~_
105): h,"- i. ,,Je'.,,,," 1"'-"'"'" ""
WJ"-' 'e,,,.al
que ~orr~'I'()nd,' a la ""fi,,, ",on",",,"" o
",.nd,bul"" En 'u 1""< ",f""ur '" ",''O,,'""
.. lien'", .Ie .",onjn. lo" Im"~,,,,, 1/"1"""
01."",1", l"I~!fi.<i_'1 ~elll. e" nu .. """ <k~, ~ ,,,-
f'f','"rr" ,b" in" ..,,,n "'""'u l." ~.n"'
,,,,
~lu"" y 1 ;,'m....',. al", ","'u l,,, ~""~",;,,, .
""' .... Pnl" ,,,a, l. 1;"'-. "",J .. "". l. ,"'. ",,1,,
h,,,o&a o","e'u, 'IIIe""'1 ~"" a,,-,i<,~k o"h~u.
"lCnle 1"" ,k-!>a)O) ,k-II-:) ' ,\0;-1 """"" "~,,, h.- FIj;. ,as.MaI'01'-. cat. poste</CI ' . ~za """.
CIa l. I'ane "",diana ,k- la r.llll. la,,"n"':n'"I. "'&0: 2, """"'"" """"""'" [8POf .... ""'~l: 3,
lora""" <!oI .a"""
"""""bular: 4, ~ngo.liI _
E" dla .' " """'"a d ""i...
ul" """~,;',,de,, ) ,' 1\ [...,.... "" Spo.J; 5, . ,,,"" " ' _ , ti, lInguIo <lo la
'u par\<' I'",terior d II,u,,'uk, ,,"",ri~"". '"1"'" mandibula. 7. foo,o dtQ"'''r.ca. a. OlnflstS montonian.
ti", tk '" !"rlll~e. E.'Id li",.-a ,,/oIi,'"'' o /J,,/,,'ir~ 9, 651>03 "'"""""[""""';0 oenij
1'u 1><""" l., 1: 1a J,; " ." IJ" .' ''' .",/"1/,, ,uld",!." .1 c.,u I..\TH "'.: prc'''''''" ru~",,,b,',,
lfi'.''''''' ,,,I",,x'/,"1 s..' "h",,, .. ,.1<-""" un 'Uf' p~~I"",J", 1"" lo ", ,,,n.,6,, Jd "''',,:ulo 11\."'_
c'o 'uh)",.:~,,'e a la II!K-a nlilohi"Kka: el \1m" 'c", '1"" ,"" ""b :.:~",""Ja,~" d :i,,~ulu de 1..
""/"lri"id",, "01"'"'" 1"" el ,,,..... ", 1l" 1,~",,,tk~,. m~l\d il>u l". , 1 4uc
I",,--de ""''''",.",... I""l''':'''-
,1" hat';a "'"~'" ) amba p,-., la 'r.,,," Jd
<:) 1\11""'. "" ,.",uM: "' d h"nk .h~"I "r; """,,-'onado ",",uk,.
ITei"" l., '",co, d"n,,,, i,,,. 1... " ,1<,;"1,,, ","
""'pie, a,kl'lIl" )" ,n,!- t'M"ple.l'" h""i~ a,r.h. b t - ' N , " '.' " ,ti . (r.~, 1Of,): ""' ,>1,,",," ." l.
Jo,,,,'" o',." (""""J,.,, I"~ ,,,na' (;"' ,,~Kk, "'- I'"n~ ,,,eJia,,,, u,,;, ",Ii,-" ,~ ag uJ a: la 1L,,~ul .
par"""" f"H 1", "'/""-''' I'r., e."'.\ """",,,,1,, /l . ",", .. Iihub, lo,p,," ,k SI" .' l. [\" o1<rr.t, tk '-'l.
I",'~ . f'l'<""<' (Nou, J,",,1o: ,,"' n''''''." h~"""'n I "~ul" '" ~,,,'u<nlm d j"r,w,e" """,,,,~,,I,,,
"" tIc,,,,,,i,,,. 1,~'iJi"" 01,1,-"",1,,, ,,, .1.""".",1 1""" l".>.k 1"--
''''\1''.' el "en';" y 1", ' .. "" "Ive"I,,,,, ,,,ro,,,,_
JI JI"WIJ ~ "". ' uM: e, ,~J".,de.,j". Ccn-. "". De l. 1"'11" IW""n,,,,r<r;or d" e,'~ ("rdJlI""
tk' 1, 11,,, .. n , ~Jialla '" "1,....,,, .. 1" fii,,..,,, ,;,.,,, ,,,i
1':"'" d .,....,,, 1, .",1<111 1,,1';"id,'" f\" JO( ,j,
'},~" "';"i" ,h<nJo: 'o'" i"" .... " d ,,,.,,,,,, """'ri,~ ,1,' ,; ,,". ,'0 la 1'"""""taJ ,k l "~ul" ",fen",
01<1 " '"",u l,, <Id 110"".' """,h,e. ~lo, "'r.I>. ~,,,. tic la m"," [,,,-c,~I"''''' I. b ",,,,..,,,,,i,
01< ,ugv-
ht>nk f""'" ""a' e............J" 1"" d I"'''J< tk 1;, "Jatlc, "1tI~'''"'''''' d~no'a 1.. "",'''," ,le "
an,",," r,.,.1 "",'"-",,,,', del on ....ul" P"'''g,,,<I,'o m~,h.1
1",,"nK'[.
2. l/a ... ", nJ~H,ljb"la~. I'N,I . I(~",a ~",'en_
d~nlo f,.;"..
d, 1 ,,,,, ,11,,. .. I_ E" ""ti",,,,
tic 1. ,' 1 li nK'" \ ~', " -K'"M: <, uhlie"o Je " rntM
"'MI cu",hiltt-m ,. ,Ii,igOl." W""ah"""h' f""'" h"ia .hJj< J,' "Ir,;, h:"" .. <Ilk"m~. A~uJu
alp" ,>hh~,,,,, ,lo: .. 1"';', I~"',a arrltM) tic .Jela,, _ .",;1 . ...: e",ano.'ha e.Jo v..- ,,,:,, Ij<) h""", ..
!l- h:..:ia ~Ir:i. tn,,,,unJ,, "". d0l"""o' """" 'u' I'><.,n!c,: l.
'e,"""'e "I<.~l,a l ". ,l lIi~,.. 1". :,. d ht",1<- "'1"'_
""r ,1.:1 ,"""'f"'}' l. 1 .'(e~.I .... '~H ""''''' ' '0" la li_
"'" ,~,Ii,'ua le"",ma l_

di 1I0N'''. "',''':~'"M : Ii",. ""ITC'I~"~lo U b

~1:'~lo l b
I"",,,da.

,..-
,-) Ih 'M II' _" ." W" .M: 1'''' ..... ", .. r.lc .Jol"n'<
h""i" ,Ir'" ,1 ,,,,'i,lell"" ""f"'n;",,~,: <'11"'" no
"I'''}I.OI_'' ,'''''",,,,,01''0. 4"0 ,b """"."" ,1
"""""1,, I<""'I""al. la "" '."j'" ",,,,,,ld,,,III' e, -
'" ,,,,,,,1,,,-,, ,i~",,,j,,, ,,,. ,.,-..". ," ,rrlb;. e"ahk,..
""a "."u"";",,,'" ,-II\n' la "'~"'" ",a"-'""",,
1" ,,'ml"""I\'< ) b r"", 'I\ rr.""'"po,r.. II ",~,,,,,.ll;_
,'a l ",,J I.I"'''''I<": el ,',,co"' ,"".1,1", ''''1''''1
1, ,,1/, ,"l. """'1<"''''i. "" io;" br :". h~I,"I, ,'" ",,'n-
("h, ;''''''''~''-'''<r")f ) I'''')''l'l"d~ ""'.1,,,1.,,,-1\'<
"" ".. 1,."", l'"" "1 ht",1.: ,k la """., 1,,,,,,kIcn-
"- l. 1,1 ""pu' [.-("',hlol ""' ~,,,,,,n'r.. UBlJ" b
r;lIn" 1 ''''~\'"n','1 po" ,'1"K'II\!. ,-" ,,1 ,u.. 1 '" ",.
"'"" d ",",.,:u l" p'"n~"i,Ic~, bt"r:!lle'l<"nK'I.
FIg_ 106. """"""'".."""', c.-",,",-,,", _ <Jeo
1", 11, 'w",_'''o:M"'W: s;.. ,',~,,,,,u;, "n h''''a ,~,
cha l . cabo .. c:andiIar. 2 . ...,...,a
ITIAl1(IoboIa< .'"""
,k",,,,,,,,,:,,,,, ,',,", <1 I~",k ",1~Ti,,, Jel ""'-'1""
'a<I<.o'a oogtrr-Oo<IMl 3. 1"""""" 0"'''' '''''''': 4 IOvea
1I00<I'1 '"bIongu", 5 y 6. ~ """".Ios
[aw1 .....
_1....,.'>0< . ......."". 7. <ue<po 001 .......,-..,.,
hirma "" i"gul<' '''U ) '";"'",Ju ,..... , ,-1 1~,1lk
I~",~,;"r: ", d ""~"I,, ,le 1" ,,, .. ,lJ lb"I.J. ",")
nado .,iveI <lo ...mb... ""","'runa., 8, to ... <Iog:Is '.' ," ",'. 1"'" h'" 11. ""~I ,, ~. Na';"
'"'" ~ !Ove. oubrnanO"""", ....... ....".,.., ..... ] 10,1;_
11M Dt*>Ja "'..na [ m _ o ) 11 &U<CO m _
_ , 12, 0f9.00 <10 .. """"',0uIa
13. 1>0<0"""""
<lo la ''''''" ",.ndrbuIar ,4 ' .... u.. _ ro""
na dO S!>o>] . 15, !oc_ ~ del """'" maMrt>u- l., m."klibu'" ,., u" hue", n,,,,,,,:tdalllel1l<
l3r .......,""'" <I<I<1Iarol ,,,I~~,. "'I"-"i.I",.",," ""i,d
de ," ....'erpo. El
"j,dn ,;....~, """'f""'''' '1"" In (,om.. ", '-'1""" "
'n" nn"'m"" ".Ulm"'n',,' ,,,,I,,n,~, P"'"
f,...1U "" 1",
El '""Jc '"1"''''''- <Id UI<"'T'" "",, '.r''''''' 1"'-
UII. kill,i,,,, ro" "" ... ,kll,a "'- '<1,,10, ~'f>OI,jo""
4"" ,,~Jc. hr- al,<",I,,, ,k""n,,,. El ",,,'n' dd
C\IC'T'>O J'I""''''" el ,'",.,1 ,k, /" """.Ii"',/,, j,''''''
,In"''' ,1"""""01. '1"" [''''" U" nm"m ,k ,o,,,,.
d"""" ",,,,,,,,"',,,,,. ,,,,, ...,,b. 4"" 1I,:",,,,".:,n
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gn. 1"" anela, wnd'ml,,, ) d ,"'" '" a':"",,"k' ,ib,I, oc",,'h:r " i,~ui<,Ja. "", "'''I U)~ la uni-
1"'1"",,11, 1\>< '10..1,-.;.... h...'oa l. pn~u"'r-.u"',a , ..",- "a ,,"""i,', ,,"-"il ",,'re el cd,,,,,, )" d ",a" "_,,
pit:oI inlem., _"-" "b,.., ,,. la ,.... ,Ia '''''''1''",1 '""'.- 1'"",,1.
.. o!ondo.' "-" ",,,'na la lo", ,lel ",-"rd",I,,'
_ "m!>".. 1.,,10.' 01, 1" 1""',, "".'""u ." , ~,, 1. /'11",..., m~diQ"'''' , m ,d,"I.,.. <"J" fo, _
'"<"Ir,,, la' ",,", ""''''''1",", .... "wa,la, I~" " ,,,.1,,, 1"" la u""'" W 1,,, p"oc<w> 1I0hlale,
... m", ~1IC ,"""IC'''''' 1", "-"'k" "mO"_'" d ,,:,)(} I "I~\n, i " """,,,,1."'10' 1,k' la' ",."illa, 1m., ila -
1"'''''''' ,ul"'''U' cn el t,,>nk ' ''p<rlor ,le la ro"'- r"" , ul"",,,,,,,1 ,'"n b """"", "",1: I"'''~'''>
ci<'in pel""" ,Id 1""'I~)r,1. d ""'''' 1""""" info - orb, l.1 IIICJoal. El f'OI ual _'" a";,'u la ,'"" 1",
riur l.l~r..1 al ,'h,'" 1,'a,\(,1 1>;",la'l. d ,,',", w- hu""" 1I."le, Ip",!,i,,, oc la "a,id' la ""'"
"""'-' ,r-.'"'''''''' l' el "1'''''''...." 1"-"'1<) I""rall 11. 1" hac~ ~"l\ el <,I"", ide, . M, p,,,fu,><1a_
n\.n le, l. U,,,<lol wn " ... p"",,,,,,, prr,,,,id.k,,
del pal,lOno )' ,,,,, p""''''''''' pw",,,,"''''a,;
~""'" el .6mr, y l. I.:Im, ... oen,,.1 dc-I .. ,,"".
do. eonu, .... )en <un,,,ildn e,le , ,,nJun,o
"""-.
2. l'Ua,.u 10/.",1.. : <"in "'p"''''nl ..... " pOI
l. aneul""."", ... , hue", < i~om'""o Imor l 1
ron el pn""''''' <'11"".:1,,,,,,
fronlallo<bll.fOO n _
Icrnn dc-I buc><. (""".n y d .1 ....,... dc-I e,re-
ooide., Ip,I."" fmnl .... ,r...""'i@""'.,"'""
Imala.
,..,.' )).
3. ril""$""...rio,.,. " """;JJ"/"~" ""...
r""""""" por l. an",,,locln del """'" cl,omi
,iro Imol.,1 t<"OI el """"''''' ,i~"",~"", (ronl.1.
,,,,,"'u)"'ndo "" p,la"'" ",~on, ..~" 1<0''''''''
"''''.la.... 1 unidos en c.d. l:>d" al hu,'''' "'O-
m.io..~"
~ . A",.. .. ItJr;,;,. /..."" ......."dib,,"''' l1l'I< el
P"""""'" rond,l. dt 11 nl:lndibul ...... la r:me
e""alllO>a del lemporul. T ",n"mle ,,, r.... ,la.,
pro,en"'. '''' ... ,. mandihula l. (,,.,,. Inedia
... la 00 .... imema del eni""" 1""" .nle.......,j'" dd
"""Uude l. m...tibuLa IcoIl"m mand,ool .....
11. Ik .... ripdn
El ",.."mlO dtl InxlLO r ..... 1 f'I"'>m1l .....
ca ...... cnor. l ... r~, I..erale>. I (';>r.O ",perior)
I (""~ .. .,..,..,,,,,,.nfC1'K".
1. CII,... ,",,:1 unida al cclno" 1"""
QnI ...",,:
~" 2 p1larc., mNl."',." y k>s 2 p'I .... lale""
~, I); anito. ' -il ~ K ~"'I"ns., ro,
112):
_ en l. 11""" ~ ...d/{"~J la an", .. lr""" n ...,.
("'nlal, la w l..... ",.d"m.,.I. el ."'rl!o f"",-
",en an leno. ... hI, 0:-'" Kladrs na,..le>. l. """,no
.......1 .n.enot, I~ ",unIn dt l "".,ill;" )
11
,lnl1,,, ""'n<l.oo....
_ 1.".r"I~"N" : I~ CIn e .....'" dc- ..... buco
",. "a,.le, y del " .. ",e"," f",n.alo, 1."Mi".
""Mll a,,1 de la ,,,.,11 1., la bo",'" la fl>ila,.1
(",."",,, ,,,f~,,,,rbil. r io <111< .. e""lI<n,r~ "'"
ero:ima de La f<NO Can,na Ir",,"a m,n.f""""l y
la .m......,....... 'na. 1.0< ..... bonIc-<o 11,"",,",,,,
de l......"lIa ) de l ......." ,""'1. " .. :In ~.
<In- por 1.. h,Ic .., ll<:",ana,. ~11, abajo. '" e,,
cII<"'~~ l. c.", ."'.'"'" d.1 ,"""po'" la ",an
d ib.l. ron la U.... "bhc "em. y ti (""' .
men "",nlal.
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-. ,.
"
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"

fII.112. fsquo/<lll> dll lo CM>o.! ..sI~ laI""" d/Ifl><1. 1. "00"". 2. ,"tu<. t<OOlopa<ieI)l; 3. ~ _ CUha ''''''
po<.1o.upe<>D<: ,,,,,,,, . . _ _ IOtal: 5. pano n<:.O"""" " " ' _ a l . 6. out",. _ _ ""0."'" 7. 0UIlJ-
ro _....-al: 8. ala mayo< "'" " " _ 9. SuMo t""~~"" 10. glabela. , 1. _ d l l l a _ .
,6.
' 2, *'IQIJIo ffon1o<tasa1. '3. <A"'" 6iO la ""'~ ..: ,. ""O ....: , S. '"""'""" ...... 1<-<: ~rno''''''1;
_ : '8. 10"_ ....."..,.,."'; '9."""", ...... :1O .-po <lit lo mad&. 2' . 10"_ ",""""","""" n .....
,7. ~....., c:iQo-

.... ~ 'Iica: 23. mandi_, 2_. p><:n<> pO/I,,~,.>(";S . inuIO <lit la ma<odiliUla. 2!!. ",,,,,",, D-
Q,."M_: 27. ptOOItSO ...t _: 28. """"0 """,1Ii:<l .'~no. 29. p<OCeSO maSl_. 30. oe<:o;IQl. 31 . "''''"
bo<-,," occiootal . ""10". 32. _erion, 33. -.o wonI1,.no. 3 ' "'U'O PIId..lOOCOIpitol (10m_O) 35
Iorreda. 36.I",~ PI_. Y 37. parie""

2. Car"., lalf"" ~. (fig. 112): "",lan unida,.1
orinro por med,o 01<-1 pilar laler.1 y de l. ''',cu
lacin ,emJ>Of0m,ndibular. Se ,>l'","'a. de:>m
i),> loada "!)ajo, 1" cano lalcr.1 01<-1 huno "'~O
mtico roo 'u ~lICiIo fOl"".men cigom>l""fa-
d. 1. l. ioci,uno m.ndi .... la' I~>e<~adu'" , i ~moi .
d.. l. limitada .&I"m" po.- el proc"'"
""""",i-
dto Y.mi> por el rro<cso condilar de l. m.nd
bula ~ '" ~ucllo. a,i "0"'0 po.- lo ."i,'ul",'ioo
l<m.."omandibul". La cano .~'.ma de I~ " .. na
I...:-cn&nl~ 1 de l. ",andlbul . "'" po.- .rnh. 01<-
'" 'nsulo ,aliente, La 1"" 'c po"."", J. lo,
boro!<, .Ivenl."" de b m..,;II. }' 01<- l. m.OO'
bula "" ~"(",,,n,r:on '4"( "-'p;tr.oJo, I~'" la, ,."
hilo,.., de .. taria,.
3. e 'lra , uJH, or; c'" con'lituiJ. por b
un .... de 1,,, nuc"" 01<- l. ,'ara ,'U" la >a'" an
tc,iur 01<- l. I>a>e .>lema ,lel ,',,;ne": e,t" un,n
"'" produ por medio de lo, p,I,,,,, mcd ,al<-, )
1".",Ie, inlen"" y e"."""'. I'n'", e"'" pil"""
'" abre la ,',"Klad urbi,." . En b Ir".a nled,a-
na la a"",ula.,i,"" ,lel v(irncr en" 1:. I"mina per-
pendicul., 01<-1 elnlO;''" y M' l ...-e,," infe.i",
&1 '-""'po del " , r"ooilk,. ~U< e", .." de,r~,.
1\ .. "bQo. 1;00\(", de l. linea "",01 ,,,,, . l. car, na
.. 1 de lo> nuc.>O!i fonna la par-od l3Ierall<"'"
nal de 1" c",'idodo. "."Ie,.
4. C...... poS' troj,rrior ,fl~ . 114): "'1""""'' -
la un .mplin c_,pacin limi".do hacia . ,d, por
una li".. "",,,,,,,,dooal '1"" 1""" 1"-" b, ru'';''
m.OOibul.,c~ Ic.,id.dc> ~1c""i&",1 Jcr~ha,
e ;'~uicrtl"" E"" re~in prc>cn'a ." l. li'le.
",.diana. l' d. 'lrj_, h;oc" adel." , . el horJ.
I"'<lcrior MI '"nlCr, la ",Idad ura "><di"".I.,, .
 1."'I".... k, 110"", " 'f""~''':''') ~,nf'~n.,,
t"",' I.
t.... f,,",,, "-ml",,.1 .. ah ...... la ..."'..m ..'.\n
.111 .... l. , ...... ) l. ro~.\n b"'ml ,1<1 <r:\ 'k" .
La ","'I,MI "",1 ... rJ .'u,ltada ,.,., d PI"'''''
, .. ", ~,."" o.
1.... , n,,,,'~k, ,~""I, ...,,..n ~ ..... j,,"., .~'"
',,'ema '~'p,r~'"'''' ) .-.""" JFa"'. <1< " ...
....... ,......
d

..., olH'Q., ...,,~n ~ .. "",ada' enn el "'1""'"

do' la " " ,..,
1..:0 ."" I'"H~.N'''' ,"" J ",wda en .... '.' lA
n""" dd pr ... ,-", I, ,~)!I'' I p1<'''~ '''Io.~,. ("".
""'"'I..-Kk m .. " l. ""'" ' ....1,r.!"l.~) '1"" 11 1.. .,_
,i.l""" Ik la ,-:ora.
Lo ..... , m'''''~'I~ ..... II''.'''' ....~"~"'".,,
"'~"t'"",,,il.J'1 ...""'......... a U" <"'.....,"' n.. '
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1"... ",a"I<I<I< la n n.J ilmla. F ,I, "1''''-"''''
,kl,,"'''...... "oC p'.. ,'~\~a ""... ,al".. "'" "m,,. l.
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1""'.,".1 ... la ",.",11.

_ooIot_ . . . . .
flg. "l. c.a. _ _1OlO< loo_o.", . . .

n. el ,",,,,1 oc;,,,,, 1.....1...,,, pai;" ",,, ""l<'

r~"I} """ '''''''' l. ,"n,;, ","","" I", <.~, 1"
e'PI"" "",,,,ah, I.",~fi,,, ",,"' 1.
A amt>o- lado." <1< I~ h"e. ,,""',.,.. "oC on
..... n' ..... d for,l, ...n ('0'1 .... "" 01.. 1;0, '''' 0.1,.....,
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~<n:"Ms",.". I"""",,,al''''''''I<'"oC ,""'-"na 1;0 . ..
r.. 1"""""'" .le l. ""' ."II~) la <ar., """,, ,. ,1< 1"
",."dih"'a '"'"' la U"~ula """"hhular le,p"'" .10.'
Sr" l. el f"~d"'< " "'.nd,hula, Im,'kk' 11<1 .,.
d""',, ,km.,,"I. 1.. h"". "" I"hk" lka lohl,,' wa
,,""""'I} la, f"'." " 1;"", ,1.",lul.,..., '1""
d i .Iot,n,n .

s., J""n~ll< la ,'a, ,Ja.,l 01"..1. 4'1<' l" ""ka }

.. - '_ ........... lao_ ...

"",d,an . ,t" ta, .~,~, "d";,I",I<, 4"< ,,," ""n,,
} ('1';" ,,,"ada, ' ''"''"""",,,,,,,,,,ro,I'<""'"
la t"",. "",J,ana: .... , ~.,od ..... ""...
1,,,. b , '" ~ 1''' . CWll. .... >M .... ca
bu.,. ,.. r.. "" ~<"!,,,Ik.,. la, f,,,,,, ,nf...
12
Articulaciones
de la cabeza

L ..m'n dll" .... nl~' pl~/a' <1",", '1"" '-loof", _

y <.,,:in
el ,.,, ...... 1.. ,."~. u ""~ ,, IU
... ",.1""",....., ,""..1.',1<-, 1"",,,,,,,,,,,1. "<1"'u l. _
<kM"" fl!>r""" , C..",itul< un. "'...1"' .."\0] b
..,..""1;0: ..... de l. m ... klibllla con d ,>r""'''' '1""
... lf1\ ,1 1:.. ~I k,n) ,." 01 =.m """,d .., l.,
..OCUt.c ....,..... .lo< ..... h......... ,Id <r:inc'<, .. '" -
lImO, l"nfihn",.,I: .Ji......... 'u ... l..., n ...' ...... r.
Uf'lIdo po< una l1",mbr"". r. ....""'.
1. ,\ K'fU "tI\ ,,\! "11 ''\K'i nt: I.J IS I ru~~"()S
Ll EL ( "1/.'\'.;0 t:N'l'loIt: SI
,,-.. in "'1,n:"-"":>o.I,,, PO" IU""U\ <U~" 'r.",,~,
ho ,Jo, ,10....:" .., I"',",c.lrm.-.. ",nlc. S,..,.Jo.,
....." .... unabk. J><"" '" 1,,, lU<'<k a;'Rlp;ilcn ~
"1">': "', ..... olml ..la.' ur" ....,,-a. ,ulur.
pi .... n anru"in'GI ) <"I"m.II""", l.nlOul,o, .."
de " ' '''''01. 1\'~.,., A'II<.....I... u .... en ~.'k'r.1 I
11 . .\IITl CL I. AI "11 IN t~.. !lE UIS It t K'it IS
Ilt: 1.,\ CAK ,\ n~ nu: s \' O IN .:1.
Ut ," t:o
Sr <.....,"'"",,, por P<"'",n'a, ' "!"'rfl<'..... <1<
<",....."" .... ~I n.uy ~, ..ndMio,," "'1"""')
''',r.m;odao; ...... ,."" """'. 1..... ""I<'ul...- K)IIo<>
ro""",", .r.......r...... o~""' putdrn odopt ... ..,., .\ u
f">' d,hirt...: ,~ m,,,~,. el "1'" e,,;; <bdt. 1"" l.i
un.oo dd hu"", ~,~",~ ,,;5,I<''' mil el pno...... , ,.,.
,m"",,,,
g'""""'''' <1< 1 '''..... ,,, I.",po-r..l: <l. ~,"<" .
''''-MM, ,Id hu,",,, poi"';,.,""" el I,m"e,,, p'~".
~" ......." ,1.1 ",',,u,.J.,. 1""" .,.""pl,,: ""I,,,,hill...
,, lani,ul"" ,"''' ,k- r.o"ur.ol .""'.0<'" en, ,.. el
1',,1e "'''''fU ,...1 "lo,.., 1 el "ll<'ff"' <1<1 .,I~
...-.oc,_
... ~nl<'ul"","", loml""""'n" .. ldobul.... n." 01
1 ."''' ....Ja. ! r.I e>lud,:oJa tOO el S"",m, dI
F"'''''''.
13
El crneo y la cara desde el punto
de vista antropolgico

....
p ....,........
.......... _
.... _.
~ _-._-- ..!!cu.-...-,.Io.,...
.. j _... - - _ : -
o""PI-. t ...... ..., .... ""_ ".uo_."''' ,....
.... ,- . ............ ...,...,,_......... ,1It- IIJ.
'1) ~:I.' ,,,.,,,,
e" ~I punto <k' ....... ,00 ... la>
...,un, -qn.' ) _ d e a.

10) ~:L ,~~ \: <or'~'pondc

P""Iu""r.""IO ",,~,p ,I.1 n ,rm .
l. b .., do l.

1. I'UI\'TOSC It ASEOMETR ICOS II1 .:I. """ -' I< .~: !iC hall. en d _ m"'
ri<>r del r"... ""," ""'>1'' ' l.~ujero <>xip;1>1 1
F..... '" " ,,',d,<lus en 2 I-rupoo : lo" punl!o. mt_
di""'!> "nOro<. y ..... I..m'''' I"'""-k." ~" 121 .:, . ....., ,,.,, , .,,1' .. ,WMIo en ,,1 t>OnJ",on
,....... del fora" .." ,navoo.
A. ' 'unr.", modla_lnM:<Ilosl
8. l'un'", 1.,r..,,1n
En numero do 12 _,
En " ..... ru ... 11:>.8" cado lodo. """
1) .: L 1'1 '" " \tfSr Al ," u " ' ,I I It" 11 . 'II
\I~"" e, I~ punlll do la ,Inr"" mandIbular. es 1) .: ,. , ~ '~M"" "'.......'I"-.odc . 1 :In~ul" ... l.
d I"'nl() m;!, Inferio .. ), .nI,.,.;"'. m.!>dlbul .

2: .::. PlJ'"ru A'.' m ...... " PlU ", uf,,, 1'.,....,

~ _, ""ni" medi."" '''uado ... ,.. "" <b
nc",,',," medi."",,)' "'P""""",,
lro <k 10 f._
21 .:1, r," L'<I m.l;r<"",,,,,: " 'uOOo, on ,,1 ,.n

del'cm(J<ll"".ol .
m.OO,bul., [c"'W ad ,,,,"";de. 1

JI .:"" ,,-,, .;""" ... "" ., o,.,,,: ox_ o: 31 ~:.. "","lU H . ; lA" ; "" el ~<!n>tt delpn>-
..-enlr" "n..al do ).c>po ..........1....... _ . as> )'''1,,1 ... '''1 huno ooc;pita! .

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..obrt" l .,.i, do lo "*'"'
",,",.. l. '''UroI n;,..,..
f .... ,.1. ruf'I'<,pondt al rondo dol "'IIU'" na...,.
pondc . 1 pum"
del h""",
~,
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fr"'1I~L
3) ~: . " ,\ I 'N"": e"~ ,itua<~' on 01 ,III~u l" in
~) 1... <11.'"1:' " C' ,~ ,ilUada .nl ... k 2 al' feromed ..1 [''''.m,,1 ok l. lb'ta, <loo<lo; l. '., .
""'" ""pcr't'i h>=>. ro , . n,n l ",."lul... ,;m.1 ."""""ra, ,. , .Iu",
na",fronl" fom"nd<> ('OtI 011. una T.
1
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11.... 6 ) .:0 "-~n: f.. H".'<: Ni ."uado ....
1 ""_
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...... :inca m.. con. qu .... ~..., b, 2 ~ ... I., <.,......1 "'.. L> li.... "''''1''''''1 .
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7) EL I'n .,h: ......11. no l. r.,.. 'nr......
7) E., ft :,;" " n d pun'" de rt'wnll'l ... I~, por.': m.,n 01 PU"'O ok ","n,n dol I'''''!al
''''"r.'' 001'00'1. ~ital)' "'ctJ"a. del p"""" .dd ,empor. 1 y dd .,r."""de,.

8) ~:1. "R H.l<h: o,t:l ."1",<1,, " l. ,Itu,," ti< HI EI, "'-" . " " ; .' e l P"'''O d. c"",,,,,n'JO
1,,, 2 r"r.lmeM' p.ri ... ie>"'" un.. <k' ~,t'" " del '",dpu.l. del "",,,,,,1 )' tic la pan,. """o;.
~I OIm f.ll o. tlca del ' O'"""... !.
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plr'''''''. of,,""n lO-
el ",,,,,,,. ti oo.'ntl<r. Y el
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11. N"IlI O:S un. C MNH)

y Ilt: I.A CA llA

''' 'nI''<'un.prCCI'.'
""""'=. la f.xma del '''1",,1"'0 Y
d ..,ir",,,,,1in <le """"No coo lo-

m,.,d",,, y r.u:oo. "

A . f.difflo de! CTl MO

,
&w.. comprm<lon e! indi~ doce ......"'..1 Y doce
...,110 .. ind"", ~rlico y "'" ind""" do al,un.

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do.1 d"'n...,,,, ,ran ...".,,1 m,. imo "'" 100 Y
d i,'i di~ nd"',, po' .1 d.m ", an '.ropo"."o.
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do ...1 crin>. (;"""'0 ~.." d",'" dr... .-. e. _ _ _ ; 7. ........ ~oc:o . .
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- ""I":!' ,It; "'.H... : Son IIplocabIa. a "'"
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'nngulo <'<I"i"'en> """"it"ido "'" la linea bi
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.,r, ..... "'"
f.""'.
""i"vo> >Obt'e la roncaoidad de l.

..El n\;, .. npkadt, "".1 .... k. r""i.I; .. 01>1 .. -

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de: .. marojlblll . m ....W.... quo. "" los bncfuri.
r.......1 _'btiN ..I.i adtlarl", de: lo .1"fi, ,, .......
IOni.ana,

- La prom ".....,;. .... , mil";'" r...I.] ,...." " .

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(. kI> ,,,,,,,i,.,,,..
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E. J'l",i hk ""'enni ,,,,r la N.d ,k un cri"""
"'" "'" ttJCL1i""
L. l)o"l<:"i~. la ."'p<i6" d. los dio" ...
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fin ...", '" ron".... n ron ptTC~. La ed;od do
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de: ..... d",,,.,
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>('fIjo,,,,,,,
aduh". l. u't"",,.
Im""l", de Ju .."'1 .odo
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no COl'TC'pondc ","sun. edad 1'1'<""'" pe",!""
' " ''''1'''i<, ,od. con "" ind,viduo..
2. O''''IC~;'(~. s., puede ha<tr l. mi,m.
otose .... lICitI ""'" . " . mt<lio de: cs'udi", En d
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feri""" C<>1.n'",. l. f,,,,,lo =Ia "'lO' "",i""n-
- el <k~~.S!<!Ie lo" d,<",~ ,. t>;,,>1al\l< ;nd;,;- ~io, l'<H.I"I." ","-'<"tU"'\;". b n'~,6n ""nOlal 0'1_
duol y"" n'I:.:;(", c~'" 01 "" .. lo <lo .I;",,,m,,,,;"" ~U" , ln " ",,,,,,nda, p",iOI.I", "' o",.d." El
y & ulil","-';(", 1"" e"!u ;",al,,, oc"J,.' muy j- ,',:>ne" f~n"-'"'''''' ml",,:tdo.. sobre U" 1'1'''0 ho
''''''', lic"e" "'" diem~, "'")' ~a,[;""" ): , ,,_,-,"t"1 J,.,"-'un," '''''''' d ",-~. ,p,," 1. La "'a,oJ
el "'l ao!<.> de b, , "lor.. , ~m""an"" "" ha) oo b ,', lno' ddg.d,.
' '''0>10''. anlo' oc 1", ~U . ," '" L., ,ulurd'> ... .
g ilal y lat"bdllolca '" ohht.",n e"'re 1", .tU ) 2 . :~ f:L 1I'''f"H, S,", notooo>; la "'"Y'"
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~O y 1,,, 70.
Tudo c, ba"a,"" ;mp'c";',., }" tudo, k" 01<
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'u,>J,UaJ <le l. f,,,,, <a n;n~. lo pm mi""",,'a ,Ie
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tu,,",,-, uct'pi,"k"I}' b amplitud ,le 1", ''''''Iilo>
l \'. nt:l'EKMI N\(; IN IlU . SU:O """'p,IO"". 1...-.. 1"'>""" ""'louleO'. m, oc"'_
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14
Desarrollo
de la cabeza sea

I "r,!n~,,) la ca ... "" "" d",""",II ... ,1 en h", i1,, ~,,"" do: la, J ,w",., 1..... /0 _' """.,. dt
E el
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se ('P'-"'~a a ""e pn"-'C""
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15
Arquitectura
de la cabeza sea

E ' "'<t>f"<r
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l., r""",,,,,,,,,,,,I,I:
- ,,1 ,'"na1 ('1"'''") la r"ur. om".,ia ,upe'
,,,le I hc,~l i du," c,fcno,<I.'1I par. el p,la, '-'Ih,-
"""len ",J. I
- l., 0.",,1..10, <le b ,,,~hc,oo y.l ,.,,,al r.
""d.u, P'rd 1, pirlmioc 1"'''0',' ocl tempordl:
In, cana lo, ,," ,dilcu' , "",00, laJo, <Id
ro ...."""n n"'~n", pM'" d p,b' ''''.-ip''.1.
,/".1,,, e'r,,' "",,,,I<-',,m"'... ,1.-1 .." 'c, 11''';'
01"" ,'JI, ,,,.,,,,,. """01,, lo' r"",d,,,,, l.,., ji',u''''''''
oIel ,-",11/('0. ,.",,,, 1.. , ~"" ,,: d"li,,~uc,,:
- fro",'''''''' oc la ,-.h.,i" 1l>.\vcdaI1a me"u-
00 ''':'''''I~,,Mla' oc hun,!!mien',,"
fm""lr.. , ,k 1:, he,,,' '11 I"''';''ul''' dc la
1"''''' 1"""'" ,Id '. ''' 'M,mll:
- fm"l"~" ,......',oJ,,, oc b ,' ah'." l. ba o
"-', j'a ",a" 'm,-"'.k la, ""IC" ,lhile,,,,, Ir.,
,', oc un rilar,
Flg. 116. Alt>oIan""" pJares (J(/ mao'zc J~ ( ...
gun~! 1, rn.oo oogomllCO 2, OIbotant" tron-
,.; 1a,..".I , 3, _ . cIgcornaoc<o polar ca"",,,,: !,
b n,u) ,hle,","" pu", 1,,, hu""",, no CUm' salient& ago",au,.t ; 6. pb- ,*"",1ia), 7 """ ilo : l
plen la, mh 'n,,, fu,,,' .",,,, y 00 '" halla" ,"', .... arbola "'" ~"""""",ria" 9. Otbot
 A'q , . Hu", do la . . . . ..... I,5

ltJt"al~. 4"'1>< ..... ' utbo,,,,,.,.., "'1"'''''' ",ro- la I'''o~ ,...", ,oI"r, ,,",n u, m.,w,hu':u"
nolf_ ",.,,,,, ~ ' g"m:,,~o ) ,
E.'o> dao", "")U'l<'<1u,,")c, I\:on .,00 profun_
_."""'
r...,amo ' ' '1_ ." ""lpdo.
mi>
Lo all.Ju ....... u,," de l. ~.ra la "", lf'" po-
di,,,,,,,,, por cI ... ,l'dio "" lo> ,,""'''''''''''''''' do no ....,.".,or l fu.ra, '4""'"
.ren:.n do """JO
lo n\,.. ,II. 4r...."""", del hIlO." " ~,~,,,,,J , ",,,, 1""'_ hacia a",~ p<)' ;n' med;o d. , ,,-OOa,
''''l. de ,. n,. .. II. 1",.",..
'''I'''riorl. d,,}'un_ den,.", .. . g.r.K"ia, 'a
"""'OI1\I'<"i .. oo.n n,,_
CIn c"""'~lr""ial. ."......"'). IIlO"'''''' )i'""II' di""'gol1'.'. de '" fu"r", "" _
l',al. F.n ," ""u."a,;,,,,,,, d,~~.( atl_
_
lIlhi" , ~
l. M"ndib~ /" ",,,xii,,, ;lifrrn.... F." nI""ho> ,,"opo,'."__ " ,,'""'."", " nk"nudo JO_
..d. don ......." 'kno, <:un 2 panc. d,r"",,,,.,,; ncrMl r"""ur~. '.n'" oc la "",~IIa de ,
- t. Pilor .klll,tI"a. ,"",d; } .'1"'.-:0. ,".!lda."l.,
16
Anatoma radiolgica
del esqueleto craneofacial

r...t,.."..~ ... "",h..:. hacIa el "",,,..'in. s.- '~n lo.. ... n...
L a
ro",
1<In """"'"'"
,nlCqlIt"I. . la, do
drl ....,...,k' o ~~f..- .... '(':IbOlA'.
."po.... , ,,",,,,,mir,,,o au,m"''' pIN''''' }
fronl~ln<. k.. ....- nla_" I;m, . el 1<lDm01I <">p
d """" Y ~I f.l'rOJI>m ~"""um 1....00...1<, "1:1)''''1,
...,~"ro. to ..... """ ",,",,;I~ '" , .....I".... ;<iOO en 1"'" ~I e'nM,;.x.,. ~I cuerpo dol ",(c","de-. 1:1
el ~'p;o.M' ,lo: U"" .n,a:cn r'Cn"""'>ol3 ""'"' Un mandlbul. y l. c.h"" "'" im","""" l fi ~,
"'~o pi."". 11'Ji.
..
N"" ...""", Ol,ord' ~,,,,,,'.I,, la. Ir,,',," ,,>In
c"c <o'" .. De 1"" ,li,-e""" i'....s..~""a' I~... ,a> Z. I~(id, ~(ju lron/m''''''pl,,"., El rJ}'" 1"'_
,....... '''')<11.'' ,-..ti pone <11:1""1"'1.:1" C"""""-3- ""'r. I~" el '''''''pu<';''
I"r.. kl" . 1 pi"..., ", ...
< ,~1. <J..."."il>t",,,_ 1", ,,11- <u,rk .. ",. } """"'~, "''''al. f\'m" ,e d"'in!,,'. '''' ,<nI" fron'3k,
"IlII "" poo-ibolol>do.." Y 'In ' ......r.."""'..... de la, ",,,,id_ , o,bi'a,ia,. la, ~tl~IJ' ."OO.
c, ......
d:rle .... ~>. p;l<3n""ian.,. de 1;0, ."tlpLa"
p"".'''''''' ....!."ada' I.,.nl"""". E! l>onIc
"'f'I'"o. de l. fWI<' pe''''''' dd '.mron! ......
l. 1 ~~UI~.~j" "U'" ,.. ."."'r". 101 "')'U '" ...... ho.,..;""".ln.. n'. la ca. Kbd " ,ilO'an . pe.
""",,-.. al "en ..... dd crin, y el "".. lO dt ... Iodo ro lo, '.n..... n... ,lar., 4"cd.n ,.. ~ IIO' (f'l.
12(J1.

Lo,. de,.II~ .'""" 10:1< pre<:,,,,, del lodo '1""

.. ,:!in mo., pr ~,m"" a l. plac . POI lo lanlo
\lCn 2 perfile' . ........ ...,,: derecho. ,~ .
~P .. rdo. . ..,un .1 l.rIo ..... '"" do..., "",m,..
{fil. 121).
La ".nca... de Lo r:ldroraf".. de P"fil. ):.0...,.
~hrr O /~ ... rd .. e """""... el ron)"""o <le
la "avidod ".-un.""",: la ca",.ri. ron 'u, ."'~ .
l.,
ra!; . nu~o. mprc,"..." diillad Id".
cales l y .mine", .., mam,lare . 1", "'''''''' ,':l>.
culam;. 1.1 .a kfi""",onos de I'"".h,ooi. En lo
1>;0 .... la ,mo lurca . 1 tOO rsfcoclld.1. 01 pruc
OW) , h""Id.,. la po"" booil., del OC"C'p".1 "'"
pcrf""'._OIe ,.ble. ""ro 1,,-, m,radr< dol.-.j
neo .."" 'Upr<pUe>I ...

111. II"CIO .:.... CIAS DF. BASF. {n i .....

,' n r.~ II"CII).::-': <: IA Ol: HlRTl

El. una i.... idenc, . ... n"al y ''''''''''0",,1 que

of~. unl e. celtn '. ,'i,ooo de l. bol,"" Ikl ,"Ii.
neo: lbi'''... "'" m.. l ......,rnoilk, ... f.
11' . R-
~I( . W. <M _ ~ (Dr. noid ... ro,'m.ne. Ik l. f........ brol mtdl.
R T _ IIU\,II . pone: >tI""" Y m.,,<>idea del 'empo-
 a_opMfII. ' . ...,., """
Ag, 121. Radiogra/ia do
l1li.
~_. ; . , ~
d,". parte _
2.... h.OCO, 3. Dor"" """'""'"
_.,.,..' w;5,"""'
",lo".,...., ... ~ _ . &, "''''_''''''''' OCOp\3rl o.
""""' (D< R riM:DmiB

Ag. 120. R~a'"'''' _ y do ",,". 1,,,,,,,,,,,,

~ lO< R r""""",,

r~l. r...... ,,"-''' "'"~ rk) la~uj.c", "'''''1'''"11 )' d",n'"

del.", 1"l'o"II," ,~k"''''',k> l lfip . 112\.

X>n n"mno"". ~ad. u"a do ell., n,I">ndc.

"n' ."gene.. pn....".: rt>".,. ca,~,1 f>Ik..,. _,i-
11. 'un". 11l"",,,de,. ~,c'o:rd.
Ninp"'" ,le ",r., ,nc,do"," "' ptm\l lr ,r,
fIOII<k'" 'n,J .., la, e"~e""i,,,: la, Il1ml1ll ...~ fia'
1M"" de d,,,,,,,,,, 1", '"I"'T'J'O''''"""" )' .Iea"
..' un run'(> " pl>lK, I''''''i,,, del,,,,,,,;,,, n.
neol"",.1.
[)"o, OI"r l,al""')' pueden oole"",,,," la"'-
bi~n .,,)(:,.00.> la ,,,,II,,!;rdl'. del ~><Iock,,> rol1
<>["'Cific"",t1 .., c"nI',,'le' n~ado> en .1 .. ,,~.
rfIava ..'")", (angioll",fi'J. en 1" c.vitbde, de l
.""Hak> "'~111,kulu~ ... r;a'l'" en 1.., "'I"."i",
,uh'laClKJi<k."O> do I~, meninge, lc""ofahlg""
fi. gaseo,"l. E.,w> I~"!li .. a, "'",'''''''' ~'J'C<'iaJ.
"",n le ra,a J. e' plo"".;ioo del encela k>. Senin Ag . n.
~I,. Gil _ , "'.""" y ""'~, Ind
{rnlOOa, ~n 1." "api,""" """"'J>OI'Idrenu". _ d o Hmz (D< R , riM:DmiBJ,
17
Os hyoideum, PNA
[Hueso hioides]

U."" IIlIpar, "",<llano y . ;mnico. ~"j A. u.,.;.,.ipdn

Hy ,,,",,,1.,
,,',oc'"pen.,,-
Ir~n"'c""II1IC"'C en ,. I"'M a,, _
<Id ~lJ<"IJo. por arritxo <k I~ la- En "'jun,o, :.jOI"" la forma de ,..,onOc'""""
rnge. por deb.jo de l. I<n~u". por .I>ojo y .'r~, ~,.,un I'OCrpo nl<'tliaoo """ir"" .... y ""OS e...,.
de ,. l1llli~lbtlla . no> I"e,.",,: cu.rno, ",")'0'"''')' " .. ...,..., (fiJ.
~ I u)' mvil y ai>l:klo. 00 1'"'''''' nin~una Onl- lB),
eul"";"" ",,,, olr'" hu"",,",
E st~ uniJo" l. laringe' pm liga",e",o, )' 1. C~~ ,ptI. E, m"diano. lmn,w"",')' ligCTa'
""he""" y en pani,-",., "" u.... 'umtotn.1 pro- men,,, ~onl~", h...ia OOelanl~ .
,'C'" c"i,,,itk,, <1<1 h""", temporal. La r<1O<1 ""'rrj/,," C'I~ di.i,lid, por un' ("r~,'"
"''''.\wrs, a .'U , . oru/.ooa por una ,uslu "".
, ... ;" . ........ ~-. 18.-" .. rh ... ,,, od..l "'" ....,~,' ,!i<1 De alli 'urgen ~ depre,,,,,,,,,, 1" ,ul"',i ...
. . . " _'"".1.. "'' ' . . . 1"<",,,. "',.. " '''''''' ,,,, ['<- "" d.n in",,,,in a 1", n'S('ul,,, ~cniogl""" y
......... ~ ,....~""" ,~~ .... d .... ~ , .1, ,, "N~..., 1I,.,~lo"
t", inferi""" a 1<~1a una >c,ic de m>culo, de l.
~"' ) '''''''- lengua y del pi,,, oc la I,,"."a (",ilohioideo,. ge
niohioideos. OOlollioideo . "0810,,,,,), Un 'u
brrul" denoto a I'ce", d <"''''cru'",,'';,,"'O
di."
la, do.; <""'fo> ltubn:ulo hioi<k~). donde S<" ro
ja el Ir{Jl" mg",, l'abi4"" I fihr"-,,, ",~""I 4""
'" ub,,," "" el ,""Ir"
oc ta I<n~"" .
, Lu "Ir"I~)"rri,,,, ,'oca,". corre,l"''''oc'
la, ... ",lOn<' ro" d (anibgo ,,,,,,,leo: ,"""'-
brona ",ohioide, )' m,culo ti",hioideo: ,>n"
r"",,".
A la Cam an,mO' dd canibgo "r'I~Jli,...
I~P I 81"'t'l de 1, 4u. e,la ",pa, ,~~) por el mn-
guk, hi"~I()""l'igk,,ico.
1,1 '~r,I,' "'I~'riur ~'l~ "'.'rll"du h""ia la bt"
"" ,lo l. lengoa. mio:n'r.>., q"'" . 1 b<>rde infe"",
d.. in"",,',oo.t ,"';,,'010 ."en,oc'i,Wlioid"o.

e ,m ... moju.'. PNA [t:ucrnos ma ~'ortsl

~.
, ~

lfi~, 11.11. F~,,;in dirigid,,,, n.d. "m,.

la'eml)'
.I~... ligmu".""'" tI""i rrotxo. Su cu.-.-,oo 1"'>-
B ,<,;or. e"~ro,,do" eo'''"luye un impo",nl<
punto <10.' n:f",,,,,o:ia , ,,p,,~,:iti~o.
1'.-.-"'''1''''
uo" rom '''I~'r,,'. ",.ol;Kla "t~Q
, latcrolm"n'" . en la 'luc '" jn","." el m"'u10
hi()~I(),,,)' por fue'a Je l el "'""'utu ,,,,,,,,ie
In, meJ" ,lo l. faringe, m,h Ia"ml )' a.lo"la"to.

-, el "",.:ul" <>"Iuhioid<o y 1, pol<a d< ,dk

e ,i,ln Mt ",",,'ulo di~J'lrico. Su <'ti'" '''f<"ri,,,.

,'n~ .. a )' I"a, ",ie,na,l. ",<d,all"en,,,, d.
-
Flg . 12). " - _ . .,.'" _ (A), ~
,,,,,,,';00 !"" ou bo,de "",,10,1 a l. m.mnr..n.
,i,ohi",<le,. '" bo,de late,al. ms g,m"oo
(81 Y ",re"",,,..C/l,O (el l . <ue<po" 2 cue<roc mayo<;
3. ""''''0 _ _ ,~. unIn .,.. """''''' m.,or con &1 4U< el ,,,,,0.1,.1.Ja in,,,,..;,,,, ,,1 ","'ulo "ro-
""",,po '''- ''-1 h"i<lo.~),

.1. C".."u mili u'. I'NA I(;u~rn.,! "'~n"r~' 1
lfi~, 1~3). F~, ,:ln ,",,,,I.,,
en la un~'" <Id c".. ,
po C<>I' 1o, Cu~mo, ""')''''''. S..n 'ndql<'khon .
, en ~I n,~o " ,e ,,,,,IJ,,, dur~n,~ d ~,,',,
mic",,,. Su ,~riI<C ",,be . 1 li8~"'en,,, e, ,'I,,
h,o;""". h"II"n,1o><- ,,,,,... r~,oo en la, in",n'i,,
"'" de 1", mt",ul,,, Iin8u,lo,.
P",m:k\Q c.'; c"do,;"""":'"'' " ,..,cjid" ,"" ..
rump' .... ' . .". c"('UC"U-d" 1'"'"' de hu,'''' e,
.,.",j<"', cn el .. "c'P"}' In, onen"" ""')'."',
C. '\ n~( om l" do' ' ul"" rfi .....
El hu.'" e, 'ul""rfi",.1 ,.Id.,,"", P'~ e ....'m'
ti< la la,in~c '" puede" ""1",,, ," """'1"'} 'u'
Cl'.' I",~,ak, 1I",a la p.rI. P'",,,i.,.. ,l<' 1",
'u,,,,,,,, ""l""'. 1',,,. delr.k ) " lo, 1""", oc
.,(",. '" '''''''l'
I.u, la "rlc,i, ,.rtid, e".m~.
p", =iI,,_ .""" el hu,"" hi,,;!k-, \ d b<K\1.- In '
ferio, oc la n'a,,lbul" 'l' .n,u,I!", 1.. ,,~,,'n
,uI"Jho"\>a.
O. I ,,",~rr.. ll o
El h"e ... , h ..."\>,,.., ,1.-,.,,,,lIa a "'1"-"'"' del
:!")' eI.I" a,no hm"'lu,!. C'.""bu)'on" ,,, flll"'
o. hrQu:lc-om. PNA [Hue>o h"""", 1 1I 9
",,,,,.,... ~ PI""'" ,\> ""11,'"",,,,, 2 I'ar. d CU<'l'
po (~" y 'J' 111'" l. 2 "",a 1,,, "ue""", ",.)""., (al
"'"mQ '''''''po) y 2 pard lo, euCm .. , "'e""",',
(n"k'ho ,,,,, l.nlio,. al final de la OI.lol~,,'rn
da).
Se oc,,~n. ,',., ,-, 'H~"hrc a ".'" un. "'nc
oc f"nna,i,."". ,1c"" ;~ I " romo fl ocl 2" ) .ln'
,= hran~",.1. ~u,- u,,,, d hue,,, h"",\>, a ,
txJ"., do l cruno". 0..' e"a, form",ionc,. un",
"'" I1bro>a,. OIrd' "an,la~no, ,,, u r.,...."" ,">n,.
ltU}'.n un ""njunl" ,'" I>em.Jur. ,,")", ,'''r<.
""" ,,"n~,,<,,~,.1 h""", tc",P'''''.1.
E" efec'o. <1 .. , okm","o, ...."'" 'an "IcJ"'~"
d uno ,Id ,~'(I ""n" ... rn el h,"" hi",k, ce,
,jcal}' ~I ,,,culo del ,,Jo. Ibm",l" ".,/~ . , / . ,.
Iri".,/. ,",,"IO",\Q.n b "'I\'iJ,o<! '''''I';ln'''a. ,..,.
tl('n un m i ",~, "',~"n cl1\hr,() I (\~",() (""rliI.~"
de Re"' h<r1 en d 2" ",...... I>r"n~ui"h, POI" ,,110.
la, """",.Ia, ,-" la, 41k! I"''''''e" .1.111""""
..
de e'" c,,,,h~ ""dal . .",n f,l',I,-, de '''pi,,",
() oc """r>IT'a'.
1".", ,,>1\ ""-"1";;0":<1.-, ) ,~,
..
inte"'"" dh~'a'''''''lo al . " ul1"n oc m""
""(I>.lr:! ,,,i> J"lalle, '" ""'01''''-", Id 1C<:IU,a J.-
1, .... ,rdt,.j<" ,le (jn'~,,,,,.) <k Oh ....,I.
IV _ __ _ __
ARTICULACIONES DE LA CABEZA
CON EL RAQUIS
MSCULOS DEL CUELLO
18
Articulationes synoviales cranii , PNA
[Articulaciones sinoviales del crneo]

c.~~m"" ...,,,,od,,,. ...-.por...... hir'>l..n", e"",..tanlnl'C l.

E n ,. ""In do L:o ,...... ," "oo La
pan"" ...... 3 p.." ..... oN;a, fo,m. do "'" ,-(,n,jrlo.. mir2n por 1" ,,,,,,,, 1...".
.mIJo. y 0Ied..1".." ...
_ d h........ """'1",. 1por la ,-A '/a:
d ~I",) el a'" por 1, coIomn. Hnctnl, 8 . M<'dlu. cW II ni""
f.,,,. ~n a " ~ a"u'NI,~ "H...
1.1 u"""I .... iI\n ~lbnt"''''''I'OI.l I'''''-'p''''' - La , ,Ipwl ...., i"...,n. en el ,'(><I'Om" rk la,
1""Mal. 'UI""r,,,,e, .nkola,,, .""ndo ,o(",,_a<l. I'~ Ir
_ l. "',<01.";6<, .,Ian'n"",,"'" 1.1I",~"a po'c,,"'" e.' I"''''"'' .III'cn<>tr,. 1"""."""'" 1.. ,
",,,I.'.I:~' el ,'.>njUnln <k 1" ""<0''''';0<1<"' r~lc , y del$..oo \01:> .. 'o , .. ... n1r<dia l, 'o , .. ,.,n
'fU" u,,"" el ",1".1 ".,,': "" d",,,,~ ,,,,' , hJaoJ ."",,,,k.) fu",,,,,,,1 ,"" en 1. /",,,,,
1) ''''''01'''''00 >11:1011"'",'00.1<, "" ..d,,,, ... p".l<rrrluuru Con T"'pe"'U .1 Ir~. n,en ..,
~). "",.b.-1n "'Ian'.... ''' la,,, ...k,, '1"" Ir"",,,, ..,,,,, "II"''''~M "pl/ul prwrd,,,. 1," ,pr '
pn.... nl.Ul ,,,pcrfic",, "",,ula..,. dI"""". ",, ",..,I,,,,J...'I"'>lUN"-'. f............. I~n,,"" ti""""
CUIno ,'c ....... IIB""'.'"'''' ~,... ,......'" propt"'- .,....... ""~ .'. de ...... ~I bonIc pr:1CflO<dol (".. .
I\'fl' ,,,,,,""'n <'"'''''")''' un ,,~I,..nlo f"...-oo. nInI m'l-"" I ... ~,.ro 0"'''1'".1] ha". el hordc
...1. CUj . n'al~ """'oo, ...~, .. I1",,"" ... ,.. ,""" ...". cid . "'" I' '''~'''''' del a,I.,. ' a,,'" I do
l , "'~",,a ok l. I",,",h~.n. ICC1,n, Ih~"" .'f1 ' ,N'b. <~ "',. "~~,cr<l;o . L"'n". por .,r,.
el .,.
"" 'k;o'I'''''''w"lc..,.,1 ~u,' .,""" 1,,, h...."" p'" f"O'-io ,"'''piu,...n"bnl,tig. I~~ l. E,1e "'1''''''''
... ~" de ""011:1<'0 ",,;'-ular.
S" ,,'udi ......., ,,,,..,,i,'a">I;"I<:
'" ""Ir,. ""... l. IM"'!n ,ubo."" 'prtal
1. ,\n i"ulac,n OIl.n'""n,,,,'.' 1","'1'" ... <.:. Sim" 1.1
IIoH.lc~I.
11. /I., .." wl"",1n ",Ian,... ,;:olr, I~,I..;<I<"",,, F..\ ,'>IO 11... "",. .... b u... de 1", rJu" ""1<111.
d.. l. . "'""" de<:ha " ''''IuonUa. Sr", Iu tw,,,,,,,,, ", .
111 L .,~ .. ,IC1, ..... :"""OO'-..... 1,"'" 10.."",- ",nra, ",.......... r<'<1:r.b, por ",n.",..."""" e
~ ... ,,'II1ooo.1 rnf=rone> .an .... ~' (en di. purdo 1u<.1r.."",

,,,,,.:..
IV . Kd"",K",e, ~,"""r.rlc , <1<' n'a' ~n" I~ .. la .ubrn.. k", . ",,",, 'pand<> e" el ,",,1 de I'on
"''''''''pII.I,.
l. 11 NT. ,1T/JI 1\70 OCCII'/"I i1 I.1S. 1',\'" 11 . ,IN1. JI 1"I~ 1 \'1 (! A.\'IAI. I!i l A TE /tA 1./.\'.
IA<I ..... I., I,... ,,,, ip it ,,,, t ~,l d nl 1'8,1 1,1 III"lI lad ,;" ~t l"ld"~ ,,"d,,. 1

So 'r~'~ <le una an " " I:oeoo "".. , ,al <I'an .... c",,'pn.~tdo en ..,alHlad 2 b':III ...K"""' d,,
",' <1< "po ",onrJlr.~). IIn""
- .n"",I... rrrIn ",lan,,,,, ...1 l:I' or~1 I.' k""'.....
,l . S ..... ocin lOrlle .. I,....,. , ..odt.l,
- .n ...... Iar:1n "'Lon,,,,,.i.1 media 1",1",do"..
1.... ,....,. ,nlr:oor dd 'M ', 'fHhlll"<"''''' 1m 2 d""'""kal
""'I,~,, "'1.... '....,.,. h,,,.. , ~"" ) 1r,",.... I" ..... le.
So", . 1~,S ad,"" ,>1:>1,,,,,,,, d< .,,,;. ",."" aJr:l:m.o l . 11111' 11 lI.A"ro.r\XMUS. l A n,/tA/J~
}" ,k I.. "rol " ..-dral ) <,~,,,,,,,, la ''eI o" I'NII [/1.";'111""'00 all0tJ0:t,,,,<I<"
".",,,,,1... ,,'c"'""',,'c, ..... ) '...
",,'e'>o1. (;1 .,1 ..
I,,,,ec. l'"ra .."bl , 1", d,"" ,I", ' k'e 'I""tic,. E."j c("',I,I",d~ 1"" 2 ""kili"",,,,,,,, '1'"' "' .
1M' llrh,,,.' uno, "1",,,
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1..",,h~l<, .~/<",,,rJr".1 '''''',,"'0' "lO l<J<l<., Lo. e."",,, de lo> pru<"<_ l.pIi.i'l ."..,..la.... J<
 FIg. 12 . ~_.

'OOCC;pi'.1iO y Al/A"'.'''.';'
I""",,'~_ y 1IIJoi<Io;1. r>/.
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pota!: 2, alIa. con 2', .... 1utIo!t.
tLMI poo.... i()r, 2 ' , ""O ",,,,*
..,. " ..... _OCI. 3, .... , ' . 3'
. _a <:<If'Iical, 5, llac40 do
'''_:0 do la C4PS<ia '.oo-ON
<JO lo. arllOOla<:i6n ..,_~

, "'1 1"100 hac<l1 haO""", ~.,...

. "
- ' . n " lado i,~) , ! .
tapsW allan1ooo::opital [ _
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" in,Klad. con ..bo): 7,1ig .
",.n, u.ntoocoipf,.' poot.
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"
,
( 0 - " _ 1 poster .... con:
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8', .... hu "'...,." ~ . ....
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tal (rama ""._ <1M '" _
io c...",, 1 (d. AroO'd)l, 12,
'or"", """"" ceMc.oI.

la, ,'fnel"....., ,iguen'o" mmo f,,",. penmeun <>'a di'p<>!i"n~, muy faH,,,, blc ~ 1... mo.
a l. cot<~oria de la, .n~ul"<one, pl~n", (or' ",iento. de la' 2 nebra, un. sob,e la o,ra
tr<:,.loa,l. tfi~ . IHI.

,\. Sup.rrkle< a r,;""lor"" K. Mflllos d. un in

Ocl la<l" del ",1"". 1,,-, fwa, mOcula""
pan I~ ,ar~ nfcnor <le la, "la',,, la,~r.le, y e,
tn o,i.ntad~, hxio abajo y ",.dial"",n, . Ocl
1000 del .,i ..
la. f("'ea.' ,j,uaoJas a "ooa lado ti<-
lo ha", <1<-1 d,~ntc e,t:ln orie"tad .' h ...i. "\Ti'"
}' b"'r.lmcn'c . P.."o impona 4UC en d hue'"
" .. o esta, '"pe,tic"" ""an ,'nCa.'~' o plana..
En doc'o . .'U r~ "r"im,,"''' n"",,I".~"IIJ"" la,
"an,forma rn ,"perne, n""'~ ",, en t(l<\o, lo>
",,,,id.. ,. e'peeialn><n'e en el anlero",,,,,,,or.
,,,,u hi".n 2 Cl"'ula< di"inl" rdorl>da, p<>r
1""'4ueil< IIgan",,,'os. >OM: ,odo medi.I"",",.,
Oc""" "",,,rol.,,,,
en pani,ular.
- li~"""n", ~,I"m"".,'"J~,, "'oil/"".,',,;.
deo 'M"ri"" , lmina fib,"'a mp.,. tendida
de>-<le d burd~ infcroo, dd a",,, .nle,ur del
atlas. la c .... antenor del cuerpo del a.i,:
- 1i~ "m"N" ) ",I~I"OI,HJI'e" ",oid"",,..,i
dM ".",ni,,,. tambin "npa,." una lmina
fibro", in""". amb:!, en el an' o "",rio.- dol
'tia, y en 01 proce"" "'1"00'00 I'u 'ubo.'",ulol y
abajn. en las 11m in", dd .,i,}, en la ~ de SU
pro<c"" lapfi,i<1 espino"" l.nalo~1ia coo los
ligamen'", a",.,ill,,, de la, aniculaci~, 'ub-
)' ",""nt<~) .

C. Si no,lal
~I ul' lua. en ""lIial .delan, . pn:",,"'a pe'
que""'" .. fue ....", adiposos '1'" .. lIrn." la, p;lt.
,., pe,iffric-.. , de la inle,li"" niru l....

, ",RT, ATUNTOAXAUS MEmANA . PNA.

FIg, U S. Fa ...._ r""",. arlicu""""' _ y <JIH IArtirulacin otloidoodonloideal
.m.., ..
a,io
,_IItw.XJ, '. afia.: 2. am. 3. diente ~
la>(l~ois ..,.,.,.".,..J. . ctpo.uta _ _ ..".. 10.< 'OIa1n",n,. original }' '" anaIO"'!" de'eI
rado. con ....... """'" ",libo Y hai:I<I 0I>0i<>. mi" . en gn," pane. l. lillenad de l. e.bo,a ron
 '" ... OH

re<>pe<1o. b ,'u lum,,"
lb l<r1Cct.,
,\ . SUI>e rlicl"" "r' k ul . . ..
'w'~hnl. E. una '''",,'0'_ 1", ~"'-' ."'gu'an el ,,"n'''':'<> e,,"e el "tia, ) <1
J,.,"e Otloo'u,<le, l. E"e l,imo '" ""Ha "'Iida _
n",n'e enc.jado en el ,,,,,11,,
ml",I,,,--, ,,,,,,,,f,1lro-
'" en el ,'ual puc.k >"m, li!>n-""'''Ic.

E."" "IO,ttl""I por ~ ~I.",.ntu"

_ ""." ante";"r tk-I ",",:
- dte"'c laf'ft,,, oo'. "uOdc'1 Jo! ~, i " 5<," tli'lin'a, p<>r ddame )' por ,Ie,r, donde
'apir"n ,'ad. un. de la, 1"'4"""''' 'p,ub,. di!i-
al ,\ M,-" .' ~-, EMt"M ,,>-l. Aot_" , c,'; (orllla<~l "jle, de "I<ntlf>c"r.
1""" (l1~, 12(:tI,
- l. Car" I""tcnor tk-I atro anterior ud a,I."
qu< 1"",-,,-, ulla re'I".tl, '''f'''O<t~ "".I..Ja .n_ 111. .\ ID111I1.A:\',\ n :CnJ II.M
cNMada de c.nila~o (u,'< .!en"_,. rr"IOI1~",b 1.I (;o\.\ 1ENTOS
I>tcr.tlmentc por l. c.r~ medi.1 de la, ""','" 1.- n CC lI'l H lAXO! DEOS
1tr:U<':
- I,:"",~",,, '''"'''W',,,, ci llt. ftbru,a 1llU>' Se deocn ,J,",,~ull' "" "~a",.""u,~",-, ':111
=-i"c ll tc. tcnd iJa dc.,.jc una 'n'" laterol ;. 01 c uerpo del "''') "'l"dl,,, 4"" ,." .. 1,honto
OInt "gui,"odu un tra)',..,,,, It~erd,""nt< co<a""
hac,a :><IdanlO, F_,';\ un;,la al "",.!e .meflor tk-I
,1<1 ""i"
f"".me" mag"o l.guJCru "n'ipi'al l r"r un ha,
"-",,,"knte Ib",;';ulo """.,,"'e.........,,-',-,pi'.IJ) al 1. MHI/IH:\NA TUTUR/A, 'NA
<"'-'rpo tk-I "." p"r un h" de",,J.",IC Ifa","- Ugam""to, ''''';p,'oo,,,,.!eo, "".,J,u'
culo ' rJnwc,,,,,,oideo'. El """Jumo adupta la ylatcr.. k,l If>g', 117y 11 ~ 1
forma tk- un" "rur e, el I'g","r"'" '-""'ij"ml<"
mllm'" I f'g , I n 1, I..a I"><k",... lmna CO"'eIllJa en d ,"' ...".
del ~"",IU~ln wnel"or.1l. ~"~ '" c"i~ndc Jc"'-
h) 1)".",.. '" ,. ,''s, "'" "" ' .1 " " " ,,, ...s l: 1", "'-,,,1<,, .nl~r"r,' later"1 ,\el for'''l\en "'"~,~,
rre"'''';'2 M"ca' an,col.fe.: una ,m'e", p.r~ la8 uJC'" ,,,,dri,,1 1 ha,," la ,ara I"",~,i", MI
.1 arco .ntefior del a' la, 1"",i,'"I,,('tI~, ",1111110<1' "u<tpo\ <kl .. i,. '" [>ll,~1< divid;r"n J f,,,-,,,xi<>-
liuln Iii~d", "''',''''''1 )'
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i"'p>r. 1I0ga al "", p","nd" J'<l' del,,' del
d"'lIlo ,,,Ionloi<k, y ,1<] lig. ">e"1O ,r,,",,,"c,,,-,:
11. M.-.Ii<" d~ ~n n

Son <",nc,aln\co'. l. n",mt>r-d"' 10"'","-;' 11t-

h, ,~ " l." ..' " F,~-n " o'" "'H" \~ """ ,' " ,",.
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1'"'\1. ,26. C<Jn. ~'" <1<"1 _ (JO' '"

aflO;uI/JdC<> .,I~M"..... , mw.a a'"""",,
_ J !, atl .... ma ...... 'era .... 2,.'
co a o'e ll." C""', 2' . Su 1<>!>e'Cuto; 3, arco
po.ter>:>< con, 3'. $U bJ""cuIo. ~ . 0tat11<1 riel
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l\'. RU . M~ lo;." .:S ( ; .: N.:R,\I .:"

m: K~T,\ S ,\ RTI C t.: I.,\ C II IN.:S
E, ",,c", rin cnn,j,lerJ,la, 1"" fu","" } pm
,.,,,tro ,Id "a'1:" ,cn"br.l.
1. REL,\CIO NES EXTER NAS

s,, ""ablctc" e"tr. ""Ie'ul"";,,o<, """,,,,a-

dano"nt" p,,,f,,nd",. ",,,113> t...ju l. ba,,, dd
Ot.""" P'-'< Oc'r.i, .Jel mac;m ' ",,;aL <1""",,1"-
da_ la,e,,,lno<nto 1"" 1"" p" ":","", ",a,,,,,,I,,
I.pr.,i, "',,'oi,le, ) 1 c uhi" ",,, UlrJ, p<>' el
""'junlo.1e kt> ",u'.:ul",.Je la nu.,a. Su "pln.
r""'K'", dio". '" d,f;,;;1 w"e', JeII :I" 000"-
buc.ll l' ,,, ,,,,,',,. r..J,,,I(\~,,,, <,i~, ,,' en;"a, " f ;g . 128. e""," ~"., a. 1M .t!>CoJlaactrM!_
",,,ide,,,,i., 1,,,,li''l',,,fo, <no l. 11<,,:" ab,,'''", ~- {~. """"""". """" y """.
PI_I/"""",SiN<_ ' . ~_
,oc,d,,,,,,,", <k' J/~ , ''''''''l'mfia". \I'Ildnall_otwal CO<I\UO\I ""'_, 2. ta&eiculo Ion
""",,,naI_ior del liQamenIo c<""'b'meltog3metl-
2. RELM' IONES INTERNAS '" tfa . . _~aI[; J. ~_"'" a.t 'po.
(II!><>S
Otonhlllogam"mo . u."."..". Oto l. odonl_'l . _.
R,>de,n' .1 ,i""",,, ne"i"", "O el punl"." "" .. , ~, an,culacion .,10""'. '_
..-..cl;a 1 _
_ 0 1 , &, ~o ".".,",,, 1. ' ;0 8. iogI.
~"" la "';,/,,1,, "hl{H,~" ,,' '''''Iin. ron l. mI mem" Iong i'udinal onl ....." ... te",aI eomun ""'.-
J"I" C"I",url AIII .' " ",",,,,,n'r.,", r,m',,, ",.".",. n"'1 9, "'seo tnlerv_al; 10. ~po do .. 3' .,..,..,.
.. '" ,h- ""I~~"",,,'i,, ..",,[~ .... npli,'an el iOOu ... ce<vical: 11. "Sla """'" doIl9o"'*"'" IongLd
d.bk peli~ro ,le 1", lu~ ..:"""" alla, Je b "(1_ noIl_I<>O<OI """"'ni p".... 'ior'
12. Iiga"-,,, __ ,
lumn, c~,,' ic,,1 ) d" la fr...,,'um 'lel dion', ,1.... lo; 13. _ia _ a l . " , _" "'" _ "",,,,'o
'-''' lopfi,,, .~'''' I";,',,II'''"''' Hg. 17~1. s.,. del '",am.., ""'O'"' lagu~o oa;i>otall y '5, conGu<1o
l~ol C<>fIdiI"" __ lo<
<oroaroo '"mbin 1", ",1:. :;,,,,,,, de ."a, ;,nj
oul"";,,ne, ,'011:
- /" "/'Iu,,, ,w,.-hr<ll , 4"" penOlr., ~n el ,'0-
n.1 """.001 ,'", .. omea,"1u 1" ,'.r. I"'>'eri,.,. de
1", ,n:l.'o. I,'<r..k, Jel " Ia" '",,nalf,... La "charno"," co",;,,,,",,," ,,,,, .1
- el ~ . l/e"';" .-~"\'iml. "<i~n",,k> ,le 1", mi p,,,,n '. f",<,,,,,,,, 'e, onoma la, <k'bid" e",",,,la l
e,,, r"~"de .. del 2" ",~","nln '"edula,. '"Y. "'"II'e .1 "><jude'" (occip"ali,,,,,in <k,] Olla,.
rom" po,lorinr In~rv,o 'uho'Tip"al Id,' ,\ro por ejemplo]. E"" """,,,,,Ii", .' 00 Cau,. '''"
nold )1 pu".Je ,uf",. CO"" de lo, <k'pl"a- I"'nurh""i()~c, l' Jnl""" ~" 1"" "'0"11""'"''''
"liemos ~.n,i,' ", y a,~>nllak, de la, 3 p'c,." J. I~ catoe," ""'lO l. ,"Iumn. "o(\';oal IGod-
'<e,,-,lIig. IN). k",,~,}' Dry),
19
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[Msculos del cuello]

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b) II n ... , " " -0'_ Cub.enn po' ", ' faPCC''''

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r.. p;II1t rnrdial dd m.culo pooodo .,,'" "'.

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1. ,11 . u ".;/ pill, lis (~pi,jJ . P,,"I< IMS<"ulo c"""',,, ,.,.,;,1 . ~I.
.u n,pl~,u m.,or llfop, 129 a 131), ~ "j""ul<,
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los '.~"mcnl"".
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linfonodos). Estas ", Iad~, c.mhian Je . ha,.,
h.d. ,,,ribo. Y el m;culu ,on" l"mtk "It"i

o"""'''le . la t>.tse tlcl cuello." l. ",gl> .lmli
dea media (Jubo de l. glndula 'irolde. ) y l.
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bao el """",,Io C.l:! ennodo. e" la profundidad.
, por el ,iem,. posleriOf del m""ul" dig,hlricu
}. po' la arlm. occipi,.I:

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_ el h.m "",,,jor limiu 1>I.... II""nl< l. re
~in infrahioi<. y .. mlide. med". M, am o
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del /l"x/us <I~~II/ur 01, /<1 ,m" r~r";r<l frinli.
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r .... la,,,,,,1 y bortk- po",eriorf. ,,1 como en 1,
Ifoc" nuc.1 leu"'. o<ciptaJI sU (J<T Q', por M- 11. l'lonll pro fllndo
1an'e <!tI m"".lo .>1'1." ....
E,la ocupado po' l. masa de 1"" m""ulo,
b) c.'u .." '" St:~I.AM . Oblicuo k.da ambo e""al.""". 1"" m<cul", inlcnmnwCfSO, y por
y "mb. Cli,>Camcnl . '" lo divitk en 4 h",,,,: ,,1 "'Cl 0 131.... 1de la cabeia.
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""ro" y 1..,

d...'....') ~"'""'''''' cn"",n.. ~d>d.o,. E.... ~ ,<ndI>n J". 1'1,",,,11110'''0 aln;'. po,." in""n ..,, en .1
'" IiJI on el ,,,.-.... medial"" l. e .... ""pe';'", de 1,,,,,1e ,,, ... ' i,..- )" ... la cara 101 ...... 1 de 101' ,,,"o
l. /" ,-,.,1111" donde <la ""~<!, . 1 ",1,'<",'"1,, dd tilla.
ml;,-""I" "ml"k' "III"r;o" 1& Li,fr.''''I. Al," .
"", <k .,u, m,.... , rnediale, ~ .n a ",r, ... ,", el d,a h) M I .'"" I"~I_'. Lo, """,ul,,, .",a l.n<
r"'~Jln .. ,.... " ic<l!otic"O. loml." una 11~ . " ,,,"", ..... ,,'c ,.-.Iovo,", por
f lg. 1311 , M.scv"'. "'Olvll<l05
<W~, visf,;
_ ~
BfII"'' ' 1. parl8
00I:>I>131 . 2 . KIO..,-
,.Mor moo""'l d. l. cabezo, 3.
,OCIo 101..-",; 3'. 100-"""", fUGlJlor
[aguj.,o ' a sg.oo ""'... ,"',); 4,
,"OK"'O I", ..".n.oe,.., (.nl. _
riorl' ~ . larvo <le! cuoIlo IfascicLlb
,loes,,,,n<le."e S' y S-, Ia5Clculos
Iong.tud,n~1 y a&<endenl. fes
~i.a_nt . <lO ... !~ m"Kulo .
fi. intOfl'.",..."" [pool.flor); 7.
..._- ~-== . .=
.. -:
.
eK'"'''' medio: 1 ' . eo l. no
pO$IOfior ; ~, """a l."" a n",io< ,
oon, a' .., _ OOOfe .. la

ec ...... y 9, mtaJIo I",go I'KIO ---
ca""'"
..... rior ""'Y'>'!, <le la.

, _ __ o
-- "
--- 1

"

'" ,,",,"" en '" pane ,ul",r",.. ><,.., en l. ,ual en X "'uy .Iar~"", ... 1"'" d m r,.,,; ,-,,,,,-,,. ".~,.
.,i,,"" 2 ;"'I">r1'''1I~' C.' p ...,"'.
l. lIel",-ilHoe.,' ti, lo> "'N'" "1,,, ","re ....., de k"
'cni<lo ,'n l. I,;",ina provCJlot>r-..1. depe"den,,,,
de l. r.",;. cero'",.1. Mi, .JI .. el ",",ul" co
2 e'l'",i<JS,. el m.' i"'puI1"m~~, el 4"" ""'p:or~ ~I '''''i''"IOC: "',,)''. al", cl.:n"'''','' <10.- b f,,,,, 'u-
0'oC. 1 ~, .. , anle,i"r ,11,-1 o"",.len,, ",,,d,,,, Apan.w pr,u;la,'kulor 1...-0. ",ocla,ia. r.. ,,,., col.te'.-
"';I,,,..,,I~ "" 1" p:o"~ noed,a de ~"'" m",u"". le, de la ., ..,0 ,utlcl .. >,; "lO'. odip,,,a de
po'" on""",h,,,", pn,~""i,'"n ..,"c d. arribo ha- MCf~ .1. o,~ohioidoo cun leni<l" en '" I,mina
o;" "1",,,. d,buprk/<, un ,nn~ul" "u)'a .... '" c" prc,r"'lucal de 1.. r""'a c~ro';,-"I lal~)""um,,,
,,-,,,..ad. ",.brc 1, l' "",i ll . En e'I,' "'1"";" 'oC ,-O" ical """Iio [. davi<'u la )' '''",' ul" ~,'~flIl'
"Ian, abajo y o"" I,,,\e. lo "/'1",,,, ,,,"'.,,,.-,,, d,;d""'.,loidcul! "rr;m, . .-un";luye el plano
'poy",lo "'*"" la \' ,-o."II ~ : d",r,;,)' a"'i ..... "., I""fundo d. l. "~gi'" Idei ,,-,,,,luCIOI m'old,,,
""":,,, dd .Ie_." 1"''''1,,;,,1 ~n k", 4L1C"", ;n\mdu 101 "'M"'" ';"'pi'ie,,)' la :.ner. liroid~. ,nkrin,
,'c I~ arICro '''"''1m/m' 1'''.<1'1''''''. r.. n,a de la .nr- ,ur,I,," 1"" .1.1.010 del m"",ulo. M"li"I""",~.
ri. ",h<.'la,';a_ "--" e ~'P"'-';" mmun;ca 1..., n'~;'" ,,, e,~.kn", reba"n h,,,;a .b'io al domo
"", ",,-.j,al y lat.-~.. I <10.. la f,,,.,ol"'",b>''''ubf pl.:ur"1 y "ntr."~,, ",1",,;601 ':001 b an~rm wn,,-
lintr.><'...:"Ic't,i<:a, y c'Ir",,,,alr.'nic I. bml. el ~"ogli" ccrvkolor.,ko [".,oI.r [ ,1.1
M,' """t.;,. la, ro",,,, ~",,,I,,u"".' <Id 1""" ';on!,"-I"'\! ) la ~""""';i"",a ,c,..,," pfofuoo. <10.'
"~,.",,,I _,,, hunden on la "'"'" e'oC.lnica. Se w l. ha", del <""Hu: "to. ~rrih". e,l" ""par..oo,.
." "n"'",,,," el ,,,ni,, J'r-"~;,-" cn <1 ro,-,Ie lao<r.. 1 de k" "',",ulo, p"" cn.bmlc, po' un ea",,1 ,j_
,lel e"",,I,',,", ,nle';.--.- por del;,nl. ,lel r .. ;,I~,,", lUadn (>O, J.I: "H~ J. lo, P"":"O, [apli,;,1
",,-.j;n. Im,,,,'e,,,,,, ,cr.-;~.I o._ 1~lIrr"lnl("lIl" 1", ......1.
El e,p""'" cm,,- el c",olcno " ...-.ji,,)' el ,',,'a- "'" """,'''UY,'U un "''''-' ''0 nlw.:"lar ," M"'~,'"
kM I","er,.,- e' ",",'h" ro"""" e,'i,kn,,. '" el ron,ln del I,ingulo ,upr.>e lavi<:ul;.,. f._
~i6n laler.1 del cue llo I;nn\~d" po' d tr.op<,;" y
2_ IIrl,,, ';,mr, ,, ,III/JI,,-i,, ' 1"-" ,Iel,,",". l. 01 .".moclo,do"''''Oideo. Delr.\" lo> .",al.-
rorn "","ri<~ del "",.k,,,, .,tle,",,"~, ,ru""J . 'K" """""'lkM.dC<,. ,nc-dwl,,>cnlc, " 1", ""heul",
<k Lo " ......; b'eral"",,,,,,. ,"1"",,.... poi' ~I,,,,,,,,- Limon. I............ """] prn.,ncbr:ol..- 1" ... pM>
~IO) .1 .k'.....". .... 1;0 " ... ipula 1"",,,lar del dd C"f'"C"' n:'.....,.'I ......... C"""" por ....", I
d
,..oorlalo l. nalmo poo.I ........ ,,,,,,11. 1.
pmc .... 2 "",... uk .. "~u",,, ....
"""cric .. do la _ l ' y !" OO>l,lIa,- ""nurf);on<lo ~I R,bc .... ,,,-.. do. pkM"..,,, ...l profundo.
;ocre.'" <1'" r 'I! 1Ctl.
l . ,\/. " ' "'' ""pti. antrrl<K. PtvA [Mu ......
e' hu ' A' n".
F., pr<:>JI<I<Clonll<la por "'n"" 1" recl" MII,,. I... men". dr 1M nbual lliJ
del 1,1 .,'" ("~nk,'.
"'H:'" ",,,.,iuro. ""...
~" e,- 1 ~91 . UI1t el .,Ia la ha", ,kl erincu. Se in
cak"", ."'C'K" y "",d~~ r~~. poo.IcrioK. ""- >e na .. huj". """" c:1 .,...".,.", lapolfi,, 'rJn,
fa d c ... alcno """"ri",. O'CN> y l. " '" 1.ICCJI do ,1.., Se d"il1" h....
..rrif>u > ,,,eJ,. I,, .. ,,,. par. fipr.<: en la """"
2. 011. .."rlru s n . ... iI. I'NII 1"" ..... "1<,, I.",'"" ,kl'~-~'p'",1 Y "" l. panc ..ay,""", do
In' erl nl " .o e,"""" cid ..... H.. I (li,. 139). Cad;, la pane pe''''''' dol , ..... poral. Se llalla oc"ho
~oo ,nl<"t"lr.aru.,""", <"Ucnt. ron 2 m.. \Cll1o> .,l"'.nce. 1'''' elluro do ......... ' a 1..............
,"" "'" y poo.Iu;"'). Se In,...,,"" ...
el bordo: f>(Jf ..... lO.. Y 01""'. por dctr.h .... ,,,,', ,e,,I,,,,""
"fe'" ... del r<'>C<''''' l.pfi"'1'="'c"", ,,,," all""."""""".1 I '''"'' ip'lO;It iotdca l.
. " , pul ....... 'm . y cn el bordo: ""1"""''' ..,.....
1. ~:":I ,nc~ P'''- el 1- """ ,o~ ..... ",.1.
d" dd "'..~e'" lapfi . .. 1 "'In....
r"" .... e ._"
p....- <k:b.j,,; 01 ""00';"'" en t i bt><<k: ~,,,.,i,,r <k: 3, M. I.angu. ~"IIi, PNII IMlh ':ul" 10'&0
."e ""''''''. elpos'e,;or e" el bordo pos,.,,;<><. del . ... 11<11 (fi~ . 1)\11, "" on ""),;"0 1" """,pitjo
'k'.rminan asi un "'p'"'''' "'''''jlulor por el <1"" "'.. CnI "' ." " 1.. o'~ncltn, re"",.it. y.
'I"C "'"'''''''''''' LI ancril y lit< ..... ,
k .. ...... _~nden yen ... I"",n, ... y las =,a.
..,n.""" 1"" J poi"",r~, .'Inebr;o" ,trie;" ....
Se d ... i"!,,,," 3 ~ionc"
an",~, do .... """'",,, re"...... 1e> cuy> di~.
"In" '=,vcn.a! """"' ..1 .....,0""'" los aloja.
.. ",~ando l. """na por de.",. Son ,,,,,,,-!Idos al "'st' .' "" '~<:
_ ,....-.-JM uNil:"" Jr..-,,,,,,,t~ 'o ............,..
por un ramo 1""'''- do la ...,. re,,";"al. ,.....1).... CA'''''''''' d<1 ,ubn:ulo do' ..,"". 101
' u))b"uloo . ... """"'~ ti< "'" fI"O<'<''''''' j~",1
.l . ,\l. nWn ."piti, ltJI.rtI/i.. PNII IMu...... ,ra""'""",, de 1.... 3' . ~ ' . S')' 6' .'"ebr.n ,..,,,,i,
lu '''''u la'e ral dr 111 nlH'/MI (fi,. 139). Se lo ,ale.":
ron,idera el poi""" m,hc ul" ",.nran...."" 11<1 _ 1'0"";6" "hli,"H' ",,'.nd,,",~ (U i"f.. rul ....
. ... 110, Se i"",na u/>aj<J ........, el proceso I:op- '"11 .... ""i",, del cuerpn d. 1., J p"m~"'J
fhi.j I....."'e",, dol 1,1.- )' um"". ",>tn .1 pro- ,-jrl<IIr<J$ h>r6ck"$ .,.... ~Jr"""" . por ".ww do
rrJOup({im .vM/CJII"r JtI '1<YIpI,,, Cubrt por 'e"""""". "- ' uh""' .... IIIleOOl'eS d< .... pro-
II<lanoc 1.""";1 o~bnl y COII..UlU)'e el pbto;> re .... [op6fi.i.1 '...."ver1.OS <k I.~ 4', S' Y ti
p<, .. ri .... (pmc ... ~"") dol "'l*'lO .... JOf>.I,Ioo \ 'Mobra> ccrvic-ob;

"". E.I'"""'Ud,,
- ,.."...i6tt 1",,/Cu"'Jtool (o .-cnocal).,,""""
por "na roIa'cral d< la ........ """d,al a los 2 PftCcdtntc ...... t fonnadl .....
.... crior dol 1- n<'fYio cerv ...!. ,'''''''''', ..... '" ,,,"',, ... en l. con ....moo- do
1". '"""I"J'IO" r1<'braJe>. _ el .. 1.. r.a..:. l. 3'
o'<!n~bro lorickM. En.. <bn oril1"n I .. " ~ "''J'O
111. MUSC UI. OS ANl-.:lUORt:S m .. ""ular alarMado 4'" c .. "'" ">la. vnebn&s.
El n,d",ulo .,; "".",il0iOO ,iene l. roo"" d<
A. M_..... I"" prc.c. l.bnolfo; un ,ri"'lulo .1"'lado. con ""-,,, medial y ,,,;.
tt 1.'.... 4'"
1. ""pondo a ... line~ n""i.nl d<
Son ~I n,~""ulo wl" d< la eabUl jrK,n an- 1. ""Ium.... <""kal.
...i". "'al... de la ...Mul. ~I =,..
lmenorl do ... e.bc;,a y el Wo dol ,"",,110.
a"'eri ...
b) RU." ""',~ I:s. Sl <Ubicn.. 1:11....1 _

,_,''s
l . ,\l.
."'nlo, "'.y..r
~1IPiti IWII [M 'Ioe" 1o ...., ...
y poi' "..,110 por 01 mU>c\llo 1..-,,, l...e'o ...
n ,",,)''''1 d< l. cabeza. En 11 li.... mediana
dr la nMu!fi,. 1391. Se '" hal... "IfIl'.ado por la Ijmi... ,,".'ono""" qur
,,, .... nl .""j<>. medianle ItngO.' .. ",oo;no,,", lo "'I""'l' tk>lo>P*'io ""roforln~ ambo y del
~ lo> lu))b"ul,,, on1<""",' <k 10> JII'XC"" ..........mqiro.1Ioj<>. b,.
dirK'.,nen'. "1'1 .....
japolf;'" IIr,n"."",,, de l., .1 '. 4 ' . J ' ." ()' ,'ir,p d" . 1,,, """I"J'O'
'encb.-.k, por de",I .
hm. r''''calu_ Pl an" ~ tra"lI u1.r..... dri~.
h..". unba y medi.lonco'e. ",,'o fij., .... en b
"...'r 00.,1", .1,1 ()("<."i,,, E.,,~ ,,,,,,.0010por l.
el "l: K\M M' ~. Se ori~ina d< k.. 4
"""",,,,k, I r~""", an~nor",),
"''''OI
FIg . '40. !.fu,culOs . up,a. ici.
'*". Wr-. ,. mi _
_ , 2. ~,

' . IInN medi.

$'.~ '
3. 1Iio;1oso

ti, ,1_, 7
.
oupra ~,,,odo. .; ~ y

, ... obloc\. d.' l~oi

eartl1ago
dH; 8 . .... rn""' ..d.o; 9 , Hl
quN, ' 0, '."'ool_",,,'''
olooo 1, Cla, lcul . ; .2 . pecIOtll
fI"\ayOO" . '3. I _ i n _ ' - '
"""""""',
IS.
'4...,.,noI\ioGooo.
oa~iIago
"'_ . '6, ~
fI"\ayOO" <101 fI<IHO ~_ ; 17, ....
... t<> .......1eo <!el " _ .
18, la', ,*'tr 1rIt..", , ~.
,.,10'. '.'P"C,,.m. n, .. ..., di
POI'. supe<ior del
;istrleo: '9.
Uo~'oid.., . 2P, mUt""' , ,
2. proco-so [.,010...[ cogom;)toco,

"

"
8. MI"''''''' del hu ..." hi,,des &- h.lla cootenido en I~ I:lmina rrelruqucal
de l. fa",ia cen'Ie.1 supe,fici. 1 l'l"'""cutu.i,
Lo, """"ul", '1u~ '" i""",,"" cn d huc." , <en,,,.1 " ... dial . E,<t:j ,' ub,~"" ab.jo po< el ~,
h","de, """ ~: 4 " '" inrrah",id""" el ~"omo lerno"'"I,Iot"",I";o.."(>; mas .rriba.... " ... 1". 'u '
h","deo. ~I c'I.rrkMiru<ku. el omohioideo y . 1 p<"lCIal si""", alcllJ).tadu 'ubonIc I.,~ral por
tirohioi,lco y ~ ,,'" supr.. hiuid....,;: d di~~"ri_ el on""'i",tlro; , " bonIc mc<lial. alej.tIo & .' "
ro. el .>lik'uoicl.."U. el ""Ioh""deo Y el genin homlogo ,lcll"'', <>1"'0"". del '11>< SI' h.lla "".
hi~ide~. par.od<, po< la Ifrreu hlrm,'u infr"~io,,l~u. conln
bu)'. ~ forma, lo>
, . h;o,<leo.
1""""<le un .'pac~' <le ,<ni

Su e.r. pmfund. cub", musculo, ,leI pi"""

Son tI,",,,I,,, ~e""r.. lmcn!e d.l~ados. ~pl", . pro'ondo. "om"pondiendo de .baJO ,""""a .rri
tao.k . i." .. \o, I.jo. .. de la ".,'un,na ,'e"cbr.tl y ba la ~lind"l. liroldea. a ,. trquea y a la la
di,J>IIC"""." "" pla"" "'p<"rfie,al (e,'e""",i"" ';nge,
<leo y "mohio,de"I)' un pla"" profund" (e." e,
r.oI;rui<.!.., y ';''''';0'&0'. 2. M. "",oh,pjd~u /'NA, I M "",ulo omu
hiuido<>j (ri j. 140). Es un n","'ulo rI"Jitrin>,
1. .\/ , . u,nahyoid, ,,. 'NA l~hi..... ulu ~s con 2 vi.m .. , (inferior y ,upe"",) y un lendII
l~rnuhioid,... IIr.~. I4<H. Se ,"",l1a .boj<>. en l. "".noo:<lIo. Un< .1 "' ....le "'peri, .. & l. ~,,,:pu _
ca", J'O,'eriOl" de l II~ m"Jial <lel "o,<Ie 1'0".' l. al huc"" hioides en un Ir.l)'IU b.,>1an,. eu-
rior <le ,. da,';eula, cn l. ('ara po>lerior oIel h- ri,,>o.
, .. n<:nw e,'en"",!",',.ul.,. en l. "'liad lale,"'
do! manubrio "." ernal y en el , ~ c an;!a~u ~os a\ IMUU"S'~~: OIr s y ""'jo. 1.Ie.,'", in
1.1. 1):S<k oqui ~ d,rig< hado ",,11>0 pa'" 'e,- rerior se in><na en .1 _ ""p<"rior <le ld
minar en ~I Iw>nlc ",'erio, del cucrpu del hu<'" pul ",.di.l a I~ ioc"ur.t <><"p"'" le";.,.:><I,,,..
hioide.' . c"",it\c. j, De .II se diriS" ""ticuo h:.::;a :odc:.
 I ~nl c. " ....lIal ) arn!>a, par. ,.,.,,' ..... "" por el 5, I~.n'gdrin <,"m~n d. lu, m';,." I". i8 '
Ir",I,,,, ",,,,,.,,,.',!,,, El ,ionl'" '''1><'''''. <j'' ' "" ... h;"id"". l.,,,, 4 11\"","1"" ,1e"'''I'', am... , "',
de,I'<""'1o: le e"e . . . . d'flge ,en".1 ) medi.l o,,,,-"n 'u i""-"n o

de U" m""", Of,~"<-"n: 1, ,..

""",,,

"""111< , PO" Ik~ al h".tI~ "'f~r",.. l 1",u,,1
ti..! , ....,"", ,1<-1 ~ ....," j,mok.
111 Ku "'""1.,, 1.'1t< ""I."",j" 1 .'1"" 110.
"u" f"".", tk ellll . e" " "'",ulu ...... o....uc"'m
en ,el"","'" .. on ,,,,ia, ",~ iont" ,I.. ",j,. la rr
]/i,,,, 1"~~-"I"" ''1",I"r. , ilu:odt por do.-b:&JI' ,.Ie1
'rnp<"<',,, ) _ del """*""',"'....,. cn la I~"....
"N,I,,,..... lo , .. ~" ... 1u,..",1 tI.. / ....../h, lit......" ,~ .
1"01. l."" '''dr l. lo <1"" C.... H "" .,cr.1 h.".
,,,,:J,"1. "' I ",i, ~, " ,,,~ ..... ..,MI el pi,"," 1"-"'l,,,,1 )
l"olla 'uoc!;', ,.: ".... I"'I,,~"' .. <"'''''f'''IKI<"
13 rrll'"'' ,./rt,f;'w. 0<"110 m.i<>.1 ",10""",1.,
OOn,..,,,,,<I<,,. ,.", n X oJ .... ,;od;o.1 1"'111<10
,.",ul"",""",,) cn [W"Ofundio.l>d al I11",,",UI<>
.",,,"'IIt. "n'er;"'" l ' 01,,,,,,,,,, f~ni,'iI: ",('d,"1 1
"ml~" '" , ",ua ... n l. ,<,x,',n inf'dl",~'," )' .' "
"'1'..;, ..... e,.., lal'l;\ndul. "",tdc.) 1, I.nn~""
.l. M . <JU N",It,TrfHM~ .o. r ,\ ,1 .II',o..~I" ....
'uN",irokt>/ fil . l..u l.
"'" ,I.: ....... '><l<m. dd """ '" h.I"~""'" I n"')"'1
I MI rwl. It... '" ."""""""""' ron UN cama <Iot
pie"..."", ,,-.1. "" l. "'~ ...... "-.. ,,,..,I<-a. Se r""""
~,j el .,~, ,Id '''I~,~I'M''. "IU"'\; 1"'" Iu.ra de 1.0
"'"a )O u~ul in, <n,._ Lt" ,,,,,,1 ..,, ,1<- ,,, ",u,
<,,1, ... infr~h,uodo.... I~n p',..,r~1 1 P<" m><:uk
" ,,,,,., l " "', dd """ .., ......~<. O del,.,..
"""'k"n........ c ... ,.,..o par.. el moI"'ul.. "roII...
dc:t, """ pn",.. ~.. d'~:u''''nlc del ,"",,'io hll""
~ l. "', I ""'} ".-1.
h, M .. ",,,Ju. 'uprlI hioid",,,,
S"........" p<>< _ ...... del """', h,,,.x-. ..... lo
'''perf.."" , I~ I'r..fu,~Ii<bd ..... '"""""'r." ' .....
'''.''lCme: 01 "'~.'''\LO) .1 o,,,I,>h,,,ttk ... 1...'
M" el ""I<>hioi, k~. }' \~ ... ';'I,il1l"" ~e",oI"m"L",
[,.,>de dIO'"'''' de \ "l.
fu , .. ",al. pe""n""",,
~I "'"1"' .... lo" ,n~",u"'" <lo 13 ""'"" "' .... a
de lI.'tlr.. " .... "'''"O ......... ,~ ~1 <,,,,,/(...1
ap.>n' " d'l'e"""

"1 " ":M' ",~.~" "I ..j.', '" in",n. <r,la .'ara 1 M . dillg"rl~ u (, 1',\ ',1 1\I<, ,,",ulu dlwL.It.
1'<>''''''''' .101 ",.nul";,, ",lc""",1 l' del t" eOltOl.! NI ll'ill-'. I ~ 1 ~ I~ 1l. """,,,, u.... I.. ,~" ,'"" ....
~." ...,." .1. Ir ril .... ' ... (\)'1 en la ,""~ obI.".... <1<
la eu. :11,10.,,1:010...1 ,Id ~Ia <1<1 ... n~"i" """,
' . ""'. ' odotd
....1 er.inN
"'1'<'''''.
~
'1"'-" '" e" ... nd< de lo """
l. ,lnl1", ,,,,,,,.11,,,,1,,, 1"",nlOn!"
d"o, en k.. lul>o.:ITuk.. """ la h,,"'an)' "" d , . nal Pr"",,,,. ~ ".. ~" .... a n'e,",,! )' i"""e",~,
~all'""\O"I"" 1...... u"c, """lid<" p"" ullle'''Mo, ;" ,<.",,, ,,,.1,,, '"U.,Io" ni
1,'1 .... 1 hu"", Im';Je,.
". Ih _u"," '.' 1_': ~,.."." ......
en la llo",,,,, Jl""
Ir"'l...,~ 1 de la r,,,,,,.
ee" ...~1 ,..,." ...... , 1"1""
""-"""",, ,.... " ",.1 "',,,1".1. e,,,1 eu"'c"" 1'<>< el
a, h ,.; ,,,,, ~, '''l!.
, ... . " 1111' M" ,~"

e<l"n""'k~'1c<>. Su "..no I""funJa .... 1n l. ~I",,
dul. ,,,,,,de.;
'u, ,'M",i. "",, e,", lo 1"11> li,,';
do. p,:rn",~" .O!" idcnll h. ''''lO'' f,,,,,,,", wlo 1"'"
le de cll~. en" su 1>0. 061"", "1""''''''' ">n'n b
)'c <l<1"",,~, "" e'~k' de "e" ....., Nr. n"'.
4. "'. /jIT'",ltf<JI~ "'" l'o\'A I,"",,ul .. 'i. ....
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20
Fascias [aponeurosis] del cuello

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l... 11m'na I'""f"""'luoal de la la"". """",,,1
l""""'"'w ....." . .........1 'nct!;.I ........"bom" .....
la 1.... ,... , ....""'...11.1"""'...... ', """ocal ,~.
(>:"."'.. 11 ~ "'" "" do<. n.......... k... c> .. m"d~od....
,,,,,,,,,.. iro.. Su can profunda .... 'I"""k a ,. rO'
... '''1'''''''''''"...1... I"'cr.olmrn"" l. "'1"" .
MKle . . ...... '~I"""" ... )' I lo I'liotIulo 11I\..do... .
l. lafln~ y. 1;0 ' ..........a. e n la lo"".. mcd ,.....
111. l.A.\II:>: ... 1' lIt:n : Nn:HN,\I. HE 1.,\
FASI.:IA n: ~ \' ICA L lo\ l'(JN.:UJlUSIS
n:~ VI I.:,\ L I I'N\ WUNIM
11", ,U" .. I. 1M. dcl.nle doc k", ","",ul.", " .....
,"nebr.k, y ", ... tIc",i. .Id eje \'i"",r.>~ } ' ,1",
'J<' ''''... "jnnen """ }'U~ukw..,.,,~kk."O.
S. "..",n. " rd,", .., l. I"U'~ h;..il ... .."1.,.,,,
p"al. """}f" Ii:,m ",,, ~"""oaln"''''.' 'In 11m""
"""',.>1,,,,,, /.,.
"""0...... 1 .., ...... ~''''JO'''''o del
' ..r..l ..... m~ . .... tk1lCrl< en AA ' .. bkcll"" an,,
."""" do k.. pro.,,,...,,.Ir......" "..'" ,'" l., , tl
tn.. ,""" ....1.-. ,,,, ",=<0. '"
Ilim""" I ...rol! " ...
"nn."".. "',aJ
I............ de la f_ .. """",.1.
1"," fu ... ,. 1"""""""",;,1 <' ..... lim,,,......
",'c"'c. 1;"',<, 01 1. ) el e"'ludc'n ,.,nd;",,1.
....... C' '" "",..rn~I .. , .""""" fric ... unal de , ... ,
,..,,, ..'al) 'Iue <I ...,b " .. hic .. ~ ", )' I""" '.n ..,...
"'
1\'. \'A IS ,\ \' ISl: EN ,\I . 1
\'. \'0\ 1.'11,\ \ASl:U I.,\N
Sern ,,,,1.. .1 )Un", .._ k" "'I):a"'" ~""
d ' ", "1\1.",,.
21
Espacios celulosas
del cuello

o' mu,cul". del ~udlo

y l. , f,,,'a. - el tJp .... w """,,.eaul. e>lo "milodo.
L l.pooouro," 1
<'un,.,,, l><o "u""''''
~i.no
lo, ."v.ol'".n ci,-
~".
<lc ~'f"1"i<" al,,,,
al"b. jJOI' l. limin. lapooeu"",i'l p",,'en.lnI
do la ra",ia "'Iral y Lo,erJI" ",,,,c. po, h" """.
.\<1.'. " "<'Ce, llamad", 'm,,"'pi,men'. -rO,",' ,o> <a~lIul", """eral. SI' ""i<:ndc do l. ba....
I",'clda"j. E. ;mpmlan <">no,:erlo, pon del CIIIeO al med,,,, t;oo po ... ,ior y luegu ha>!.
,,,,,,,,,, " )'.n '//JIU"- ,le dh'''J" ulili,-"ble, en di- d diafr.gm,,:
""",in <de ""filealro" <luirul);lcai y ,-;"-, de - el ~'>Jn" m.n,jur. n,cnll.,er.. !. ... 1\0111
(o"'o"i,'""il' ~o" las regio"., \-,""",." "'._ limil.d,,: "'rd,ulmnlf~, 1""" el eje "",od,~ ,,-
dia"i"l). abajo: mi~l1\bro wpo<rior. lal.raln .. ,, '0: IdleralmeNlr. pu< el ""cm",,,l.i.!or",,"";
le; ca,... y ""'" <lel crinc<>, arrit... y r.:gioo 00,-. oleo y el <>m<>hioideo ",," ,us "n~ol'urds fa",i,
,al, ,'ni" k.lapQflCurlka;). "mi.<. po, el pla"" de lo
Se ha ,-SlO 40< la prok"'gacin la!e",1 P"" .",.I<nos. 1",.""""",< y <1 largo ""' ,'"dio.
fUlld. <Ir l. I;lm;,,,, >pon"",,,,;>1 ,ul"'teiol de ",.diah"""... Conti."" .1 .je ".",olone";",,,
la (.,,:i. "<""1<01 di,i<k al C""II" ~n un. ""in yu~ul"c"'o,rdeo ~on el ""!'V'",a~o. a ,,,, lin
""'orio,)' en 0'\0 re~"", po>Ierior. Se deben .,. f""""o, . la r."", ,Ic.",.r.dcllle del """,io h,-
,..... ;.. k" .,""".",
<'elol""" <Ic e,1:L' 2 rc~i oo< . poglo,o ]m.yor] y " ,,,, n ... io, cordi.co._
Aplic.d. con,,. el plano profundo. a 'cce.
,\. ~:",wd ... ""Iul- . . an l ...k>r .. con,enido en un "">d"bla,.icnIO d. lu fa<dl
)' amcrol~I.",I,.. <er.'ieal. lm"" prc,'.nci>r.llapon.-""",i, pro-
fUMal, "",ciende .."iealmente el 1r01\C" 1101
I,"<den ,Ie""ih"", I plaoo '"I"'fr""al. I pla- ,i"'p.i1ko ce,vkal.
M " .....Jiu y I plan" profundo. K,'e e'l""'io comunica: m~(Ji~lml'nl~. coo el
e,pac'o visee".I: I",mll y uht<ju, ,'un el pl"""
1'111"" ,ul"rfidol: ", _,uocu,l\to y p~' CflITe!<pond iem. de b os. ,upr-..cl..'icular 1<>-
f.s<,~llup<""'u,tit",. C,,,,,icnc uo ,.jitk, ,'Clu p.ei" pl'Ce"' altni~o): mrd;<11 y """jI>. con el
lar t>;!"anIC la", .1 pl.,i,m" leutneo dd cue- medi.,1i",,: U'l';"-, y U'"",nI. ~on la, I'Cgiunn
110]. "
y. l.
,.>
''''tI"' ,"pelleialc, del pino "crvi,:ul
ve".
)'UMul~, O\I"",a.
,ubmandibu lar y l"I""dea: <1ero'"" y "",,. con
el eSI"""io ",'"",s,n) y <llr$, eon"""".1I<Io el
pl.1lO de los <se.Je"",. ,~'" l... ~ioo ,uprae>-
2. Plu" mrdj,,: c,l;1 <'''''[>rend,(\o e"'.-. la; cupulO! y dorsal ,upe,io, lregin nuul): J>Ol
I"",ina.'aponeu"",i,) ,upell"ial y [>re1",,! "Ca) debajo del m",ulo 'nlpecio,
lapooeu""i, medial. Es nlU)' dol~a<Io y ,., c<>-
mun",u ton el pi'"" p rofundo, po,,- """ima dd
m,;"," lo olllohioidro,
El nico espacio .natoo,i,'o tic impon.fI<lI
_,o l'l'm" pro/"ud,,' ., ",!ud que !par~ ellnlpccio de ,,,,, m",ukli
- el r_'I~" '" d ,' H'ral """''''oid" f'''' un. ,uby""""'es. Se ""i<n",,: media/menle. h.",
panc del lubo dig~"i.., Ifaringe )" nMugo ,er la li"". de Jo. p""""""" 1.p6r;",] espi""""',
,ie.ll. 1"-" una pane do la, ,la, fC_'pir,,'uria, /" lig.Illen"" ,"['rnc'l'in"lc, Ice",ital ma)'",
Ibnll~l" )' (~UCa), por 1,,, ""lVio, la,n~co, I"",'.,iorl: "'rI'<1lnlt'''U ha.L. la Tc~ioo ,un
"""""et"., y I'''r la ~Indul" llro,doa con la> da,",ular po,. delan'e y la ~gH'>n ,ul'f1'O",al"'
par.'iroide_,. H:. :ia al>:ljo. ""e . _'I""'io ... "",,,i lar po,,- de,,,\,: ami ... , hu"a d """ipi,a!. y ahoT
",Lo I"",i. d me,l;a"i,~,: i". h."a b "'~I1 ,kIt-_",1 me<Ji."a.
22
Esttica y movimientos de la cabeza
sobre la columna vertebral

Ik l., ,'.ro, u",,,ulare, '''I'''.in",-, I"""d""",,

101 """"', d" ~ "" c~hl "" l. '-0""'-" en rel,,
,"", ~,Hl la '~"U"'"' ,-""d,,,.1 <>,. '''uaOO ",n_
t.. y :")01,"11,' "" l., ' Operfl,"" condil." , del
h~.", o.....,pl!"l , L~ '~t.:'a . aooll<k>nO<la " 'u
I""'~'''' 1""." ... , .... '''.I'''''.Jt ('t<" 11 "'.. ,.., ( ';oc.
....... 11;0,:, ..... I~n"'.
~k ,~",Ic .' 1 d<-I " ,la" '''pcr1icic, tija.._ l.", n'>n
01,1,,, ,kl ...:, ipilal !oC ,1o",la,.o:
l'" rOl ,' ..'eN,I,~, . de a' r.. h"",. aJel.",,":
- ,'/1 1" Jlr "N. ,lo coJ.olamo ":ocia al,,!>.
",,'" ",,,,' ,""~nl,,, e,,,in IImi,. d", por l.
1~",,,1on ,l. 1.. , II r"m.",o'. ~ "" pc",,,<cn " ",,
n.,io.'in "~",, ,le :!Ir) Un:! cw,'",,,,, m,n,,",,

l.
t::n ~ I ~~..so<k " ~Ih... b
ca""/,, "''''''In_ 1 <k
""1" ...... l. ,,,,000 <k h... mlN.-ulo> <k
l. 11,>". co n", ,""",n In :.. " ."".."".:i6n mi_
no"",. a ) ..d..k", por 01 """' ...... """ le 1"""" el
hpl1lc"'" ,..".,.,,1 Iv... 111"'"'<""'" ccrn..-. ! ..o -
molnl pmo."", .".nd,do ... ...s.- el o"""p".1
","'la lo- ""..., ..... . pfi'''1 c"P''''''''' <lt l.,
."""~, c..... ""k,
U 1"".... ;... , ,.., l. co"",. e, c " .... lada po. el
~><m"" '~I ~'1"'I/";" "'I'~. Int~m{). eanal" ,
1"'....10<1<" 1 ...,'" """''' lare . ,-., "." oo l. re- l.
(., ,".ol.o 01. l _ " .........: 1_, <> . ...,~~ ...
.... ~"' ,, "" l. m'''' ......... n........ _,,....,
.... -'0' Co"..""",. 1.;0 pun.""",,in <le la columna
"',,,,., ,' ''",plc' . el "","In pu.d. 11.,.,.
""""'lar , 'Un l. """""" lu~"I:..-l ho..onujll.;o "'.
1""",l l ltk , inl)' l. r"'lIIe puOOc- J'OI'I<'f'C h""
",,,,.II'",,",inl.
l, Arrid .. tI~ , .. , .. . u lll.... F.... 1", m"" -
mic ... ", fI'I"""I"'" \
" 1'0' ....
"". ~' Icn""",) "",npkmcn"ri",--
,"'."",n.o" ..
ul M, ,, ,, .IS ....~"'N .: '. Son el ~ ,IC""",Io,
J .. ".,,,,Jco, rl n:CIO lale,...1 y el ",e'o lno",.,,-I
ro" ""Ierk" '''' l. ,"h.",a. ,'n , ilUa<Jo.. e" "" pla
n" ."'e'"'' ) .n',ml",,,... 1 en "'1 ...;00 " .... l.
~"m"a v~"d,,'~1

11. \ IO\' I Mn:N"rOS IlE 1.,\ C,\ Kt; Z ,\

SOIIIU: 1.,\ (;11(.1 MS,\
b l M, "-. ( l.' " H n~" ....... Son el ,n"",,,.
.1 c,!>k:n'" ,le l01""... k", ..,m""p""'ae., ) .t

En rel"" ...... ron.1 I<un,,, . b ....... , , .... pU_

1"-1"'''''''' di'
)'Qf
1.;0
y""''''''. el _11'
,.b<. .
t loo 2 "">Ir',,,, 1 ""'.
jI<N..n... "",). . ) el _".
do n.o,,,....,..... tu"odc,...,. ,,,,,11,,,,,,,,, l>l.rol ~ n.....,.. de 1.;0 ""be Imoho;"io- """,,-
menlC" ........ "',"""' . y por utl,mo "r... """'"
""" y .,. ro l;tdo. f"k" "k'.-."'I<11"" fICIITl' lCn a
., p~,lo , Ido l. """"11.

la ""t'<I. """,,1""" "",," ~nICnI"llmlC ""'" la ,' 1 M I <t., u ..." " I'l. I~'tlS, ... ",S. "'".U"
v........ la :."d IC . l. all"IC"""'in. ctct .... ,
lo.. "",.,.""",,,,'" n.....,ioo"""'" ;mpl ...." una
"*"" l., v~nctooa, "",;"010>. """
d io"" del
"uello) 1", .... al" n,,,. p.r> b nn,lIn. y 1",
1'"11"';1""-"".... do ""'Junl" ,lo l. <~~umn. e.",,- "Io" "".,-,,,,,,, ,,'p'''ale, 1"" 1", ,an. I,,
n'I1 ...
<01 (ti" , 146 Y 14 7). ""ro no !oC <:>'00;. "'lu; ,cnrbr.oll. l);Ir. l. n'c",on.
rn1. ~II< la p;onc~ .... 1... """,,,,,,,MIo .
la, .";- Aun o"."',,,, "',;00 ....
l. 1", m~",'oJo, . <"
,ulac"-",,,' ," la"I<~",dp;'al 1'''''';pi' o",I'';'k .1 )' lO" nllW '"""n'Q, "" b,I","",!. i~ " .1 )' ,,",,,lti
. ,la n,,,.. iallo ll,,iJI,,,. ,,i<k.I. ,>tao ~" "\I"""i.n,,,,, '" haccn e" u" ",n,id"
.'He,,,!,,."""""" ~'''''''''. Si e,bl" p",d"",i",,,
". "' .. "linio" .... dt n ..,I(... y d~ t"....sin <k "" ,,'>Cul''' .... un 1:000, la flexin" l. ~ . _
le",in "'" MI... r.II,:Id;".
1 ", ... j , ,,, .. .."j~ M" r. En elloo la .....,,, . l)ol)c, _...,11.1..-", el PO"""" ...,.";"',, .... 1",
,Ir'"
t.oc," ~llanlUOoX'l"lal
...... .",n
1"""' I"Io;oIk>i ..... l jll<p
P"'1"""'k"fallle. " "'u "'Joo
IIWI,v"",,1 '1'" f"'" p'" l. pom .... , e""'ad;o
\Mi <}<
"'~-"'HI,,,
<le s nvOldaJ
~."nw",:
1"''' dol>n'" <lel <,
1.1"'>"'..........1cII",

"" .......",1 rac,Io13 loo """,m.."",,, de

do la roIu",,..
n.o"..,
 l..., '''po:,nde, ,,,,, """,.,a, ) c>1o de,li,.'
mi<",o '<' ,... un'p"l'i" de: UII d~",.n", del "la,
12 mm "'~"O "';;"""0), E"" 1" n~'f.o"'.! mo-
,im",,,,,, d.. ,.... ,,,,i<l,, un ,ar.kl,' ,le """in"tn
,,, ,1<' e,l'fc"o,. 1..1 M,. .. in dd ",la, " ..... ti
",i, n" """"'1"'''' 1", JOO ok ,'aJa loo". <,,..,,do
limilaJa "'f"",,01"1<'''''' po, 1,,,, lill"nto",,,, del
'PI'" ,Id ,li""I, ["".""ipi'ood<""uit.k~"I, El ""'"
,;"''''"'', complcln pue<le 1I.~al ,,<)(1" ok ..J;o
b,h p.'~' lo ,,",,1 IIne""".. ",,. enl,M1<;,,. d ,"<)!t.
JUII'o ,~. Iu "01"10''''' ,,,,,",,,,,1.
~ . , Iu;,ft d~ 1M m,,'~"'O' . L", m';""ulo"
,..~""",.", !.k. b ,'"I>e,.' ""'. de " ooa 1""',. n""
<1<,1'1;,. ,k"",h.". i,~uic"la, Alguno'""" .....
",... lat<~,I<" "',," ,'olll,"I.,~",k , y"",,, eom'
plem"nl:Jn"".
Fig , 1410.
.,,-,...., R.oogr"';~ <lo> """"""'2 """"" posb<l a) M 1,'" '1 l.", ","'0'-''I'o:M \l."'. S"" el ...
plen i" de la """"". 01 ", .. 1<> ma)'OI 1'<",,,ri,,r dt
1, C"bel . el "blinl" inf"ri"r de 1" "ahwa 1m.
)'M I. d ,~,.", ,,,a)'M" I""'io, ,le 1" "abe",,}' <1
11. MUl i mi~ nl<" d,' ,ndin;o<i'fl
h,len l ,,",lO 1"''''''''1 an,i"...
~) M" ",,,,,,,, ' "~ IM"'"~" o:K ," .t:S. Soo.1
1. !II H"";'m,, QrI;r~IQr. L ""'ul,,'i<ln ,r.f".-cl<'. el ",m''''p tna l ,~. la "ab<,," ">mpbo
ulbn"~"""p",1 1 ,~"!.. ip"":JII"i,le" I e, P<~I"""Ie ma}''''1 ~ ,obre "xl"
el ,,,,h,,ul,, e"omocloido-
r."le: la ~11;",,,... ,,i"II.,lol'k,,;,,u,de:JI,, p"eo ma""id<.'O,
,"'" , El ",,,,',,,,ieo",, 1''''''.
U", ''''I~illJ<i ",j.
""'" !.k' 21)'. lo ,"al le ,",,,,f.en " l. <olu""',, <l M, WI'I." .< "O,' ''''. ~ '' ~'T ' M '''.",. A"lon
~"" .c"1 una n,po~,,.;.bihd,"l ""l'\( , ... ,,, <"". ",br< la, ,~n"I>r..., ,en';""I.,. L", efC<."I""" '"
J""IO. la e,pltla [",a,,, ""~nllpo,,,,<in rv\;all.1i.
,,~n una a,:,' i<lll h,,",,,lal ~~,I : 1", .,,altnu' y
1, ,1('cM" d, I~.' Nt' s~ NI",. 10"", """,' l, 1", Ir",,,,'.r,,,, o,p in",,,, una .i"" ""'!lrJ I,
'<'"
,,,,,' ..1", pn>J,,,,,I,,, 1"" l. n~"mwi"n "'r Icml.
,.,,1 dd e,'om<l{".,idolll:J,I""Ie" ,d "'~, l",~,n
.
1<'1. .Id ,.","" 1",w.1 de la ~a"", de ." ,>I>li
"u," infe,ior ,le 1" ,' al>e,,, [m,,,,,...[ }' el oblicuo
,ore"''''''' 1" ,. I>e,.a Imen',,"I: d.l .'ple,,"o de
b "I>e,. ,. ,le 1,,, m"":"I,,, "'''''e'pinal lb'.
tul,i,,~,.k la c"l>e,. 1"'"111'10'0, "'ay"') ",,,.
"",[, E,i,'cn ""i" "1,,.\ (""'I,Ir"""",,,,, yue
,,,:',,,, """,. 1, ,'"Iumna ce..";",!: ~",.Ic"'''. ,,, .
r.lJ"'""'"
t~ .. ~ elc,',odur ok 1" "",pu la I""gu .
lar ,Id '"'~~:""I.

1, .\INall,< m" Qr{;nll"r. Inl""',"n<,, "'lu

la, """."ul:.:io" ,,, a,bnl"",,1 mcd"ln') lal,r..
le, [a' Iode",,,,it.k,, ) ~II()"~~,.;j(K\",,d":lI. El IX '
' 'p".1 )" el "1,, ",Iid.,i,,,, 8irJn al"""'le.- okl
,h~"I~ ,1>:1 '"'' [1" aflf.,i, od,~"oid,,1 "" ..n"
una ruo.-d:J "I""b!or d" ". "je". El ".1" yucd<J ",.
"",,il. ,\ lo" la,k". la, lila"" I''''mlo, <Id ",b,
,Je,li/_"n ,,""~ las '''f'',n<"ie, ",,,,,k.,, "n ',e ,, FIg. 'U. ~..n.. eJe -..".,., lMCIII. """"""
",k. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,",i,,, f".,., en ",n",I" '''ve"",,, .... hiper<I''''''''''''
 , ... 10.-... oob<e lo .... ~ebo".
te
'"
.... mu",ul"ur, okl ~ .... Ikl ,,~" 1''''''. l .- .... n"lfI.k, po< l. ""p<n;u,1n "n l. ",l .. l
l.1Iino) l no'1hdaol de- l. ~.b<-, a . Su de .. ".,, ""long . de In,,,"<> dd di.n', del .",
110 .ume"'. la ,'un ,,,I,,,,,"" .1, un fOl1J""I(I p. aJ>fh" ",1<,,,,,.. ,1<-,1. d<~,oo. 'u, rel ........
fru.:n'cm<nlO "."<1;'1" a , .... u"u'i,mo' "U' n.> iomrdi,".>, l.", ""heul", ,Il- I .'u<ll<>."n
I~nlu, 1,.lda, . a",J"n'''' J" Ir~n,'''l. 1"" pa"",ula, 1", ,l.: l. nUC ... ",,...in ,i.I\\I"": ,".,d,
11\~"ul,,,. con,,,''''''c . 'i","."1.. , de.pl.,. . "'''''''ltn,< ........"" .. k.. IIh~ ~r,.p,a ) 01 I~n ,,,
mltn,,,,, ,.""Mk, ....... rn l. "'~'OO rr, ........
_.mbnol. pueden "".,n.'.'
<10: ......"" .... , ............. ......, .
n" de- u.... on ........ "n.cln prul..n~:><b ..... ~ f a '
v
SISTEMA NERVIOSO: PARS CENTRALlS
(SYSTEMA NERVOSUM CENTRALE)

l ""en,,, ",,,, "".. , ~o nlr~1 romprclldc el - l. lo,,_Ilud<\<, y I ~ "~niric,,,:,6n de lo,

E <onjun",
~ ... j.,
on d
de lo> ~nl..,. y ' -las lOO"""'"
....!Mo r'" , mdula p, ... I.
~ ...'irru" , '~n,r",
de ,u.(."",i~ gn.:
- el '''')~IO Y el de... ..., rk I~, fiM"-' ,." .
E.d.;'Ol"lCCIaOO ..,.. d.........", ~ por in _
lCfmedio del ,,,,r,,,,, ...." h...' pn,{IT!ro fOf
. ;""". """ """"'''U)''''' la "',taroC .. bl;ano....
El netLl'OC'F "',"IpreOOo la mdula e'Pn:&1 )'
mm por ""IV;", ........ In y..".,. ......... [)le d ~lICt rak>. En d ~.k>. >c d,","I' .... de . ba
~>II:m. no &be "'. ''''''''0 ,1.,,,,,,......... '1....., jo """,. orr'N : ,. mUul. oblun~. 1001110 ... .
u./6mm,,, plle_" " <1 .... MC d"JX>OC. "" efOCto. qudcuJ. cl """nle I pnMul>of1Ul("i nul.' I. el ~
de nu",."",,, ('Onl"" en la I'al'> c .nlr~h, dd ",belo. lo, prdulICul".' """,hnM . y el tcn:bro,
".~nl' "" .... """" ~mntl. 1... ",,-'dul. eSlm",!. .~'" la, "ice. c",,,,,M.' )
fJ .""di" del .,,"cno" .......'K"'. <en,ra, <'0l'Il_ ~I ~"rH"Jo l" p<OI~,i"'" ~ un ,""'jun,,'
prmdo do> pone, ""')"d'f.... "u".: 1. f<"~., y la ""'l~I"1CO \I ..Jn: ~I C"~"'" \' .... bo-~l ltond..,'"
.u.,."",,,,"'-.... ,....,.,dcul Yel ~ ......,. de ..", 'JU< C>I:In .;qIlI""
I F..,,,,... No """""""0: ",l>mmlCnlC. 1;0, <b por "'" enw.' IU ....: I:;t>. .... mn~
1Dnn>., C.,~ . l., ",L.,oIOOc> ) ' b ~."""Iari _ s.. ....ludiarin """,,,',,,mm,,,,
,,,,,,,,,", F.n el ,,;l....., ,............. cro1"" ... no n\l
nltm de (""m""j,,,,,,. no "parc.e" ;""",<1..,._ , . La ","'INI" ~~"""I y". ' ",.:c.' ",pon.k>
""'''le I~ ";"a. <!chlCo. k, .<'" de",,,bicM o, n.. _ Ir"'lui,le.sl, 'u ",.. ngur>d 6n e>lcm:I. 'u' n..,
dWl'" ,-u"e, "d,,,,,,,.;..,.,,,. I~,.- Ul';,nu. la s.,- IIIR!;,,'. 'os .-."",,,,,,,,y 'o ... ","'a,i,~;n .
,"""'" ,,,,, .. i'NI " ''''''''. "",,,,m. ~" .",><Ic, no 2. E I ~,., ~ful". ",., " <1""",,,, ...,...... n.....;
.",1>1<, dc:>dc el . , ......... El NLldio de b ''''''''' '" ,...,.. ro, U'-':1n e~"""" e interna .,,, 'da< ....
(>I('tna _ ..cr"""pkI;odo >un. por lo """"" ....... ... n,,,,,ulan,--.' on y...., mm,nJ.C>.
.. <ICn,,, "'eme....... por ......n.doo do la n,..i 3. La >",~"",,,=....i,;" de ..,.. elnnm"" " ..' o
,..,... "'" ""..-JIU dol ..."......11> """'~ ",,,,,,',,", del """n",,.. ('(ImCn7~ lIIJf .. m;I.
~ . ,\','''''''li!JJrim.. S< d<-..:nll< ,. ,,,.,.,,;,.1. ",npl<- de ~II",: ,. mtdul. "'P,nol.
CI<> ""."~m l ca )' ru"",,,,,ol ~n 01 ,;"en.. 'k'" 4. La, JII'<III,Ir. ,.(,,-, ,Ir ,.,mduo"f Nito Ice,n,i
vi"", ce",,,,!. r, dttir lug., y """"'Ilft",).
 I DESCRIPCIN Y RELACIONES

23
Mdula espinal y raices esPinales

o m,l"b .'1',,,,,1 ) b, rJicc, "'pilla"', .l. M l d"l" IUrtk~". "" pue,' nl'. la'
L "'ln ';1 ....1>, 01 (".....1
cn ,.ndJr~1
1"'''' 00...,nlu'"""'....,...'. s...
"K".-...I< o,k"k- Lo)'. la
'1' O lO' ,'~nmr. "''''cira. O" dI;, ,.. ""f.,....,,
WcIO r.oquklrol . '" I1 "" '''''''''''' " ..... """ ....
.,..,fIo 1""'< )" . ," . "udOl> debe ..udi"" el de 1"" 11 r;o<"e> <lo I~ """'''''' ""......"...k-, .
"', ,..01,,,,,,,,, I~, nI<1I , n~>. y el d< ,,,, rrl~
""",,,. J. I",,,,.,,,,"uri,, l u",""UI~"". Se.- .. " ........
...."'" l. 'r" llr ,'tn.tn. .......,ica i>Or .niho
l. I,;O." .'I;l'II,\Cu'lN .: ~n: MN A la ~ ,'~n.hrd I"",I>;, 1'''' ,I>;jo. D. "riJo" a l. ,
BE 1. .1. Mt:lIl'1.,\ fi,. 14MI r.l<'n <k 1,,, pie,,,,, I",,'bor )' ,,,.,:ro lino" :o.:ilin
,kl d"~"I,, IconlYrd l ""Iv,."" y <k Iu< on, ....
A . Um lto> """ ,nfcri<"".I.

La mNub "omonu..... el ,_/h, de la mot s. eo"o ", ..d,"". Cnn,' itu). 01 o""'"'"
du', OOIoop. ~ po< la h<k<:u-XIn- d< .fil>do d. l. ,nlu"",>",,;, lumbo."'" .... 1).
la. l"t1irn Hk-. En 01 c-qurk"'o. <,>1. 11m... ,..... e ll .... '-";~in ... 1,,-, "'""" _no., ) l.,
ul,,~
""'1"""'" .1 arco .me,;", ,1<1 ",la, y al do<ouc ,,,,,djl.o. ,, E,. iI 'odeado por la, ,.Ice, <k l.
l~plhi, "'""I,,"1e>1 ,.1<1 a' ''. Su limil. ,"fe- ,' ~ud. ~u , ,,,, 1,la ,k- caI>oH"I. Se StlU~ frcnl~.
,jo< e, d . "", 11<1 <'I ~k' ",.J"I .. a ,,,'d tic l. ~. IJ l ' v~nchra lu",ha, 'luo COO"ilu~'e .1 PU"'''
vl!n"t>r. 1"",1>;1,. <j1K a ," 1'., .' J>f"I""~J,kJ ,k- ,fo",,",-'" <101 ,.""" .." i"ferio< <Ir la lIt&ItJla
1"'" .1 1lum l.n"'I'I:.II< . ( "l'""""Kb1 di" al en el adul~, .
"" fila en b " ,fnd,..J rocri~.a.
" n l"M ,..,.,i lUJ. E, "n ~o .n"'""".....
K .... n.a ",...ro..., '1'" pn~, ... ~. L> midol. h....... el . , -

l.a ,nMula .... un I.. ~" ,,<>nln '-,Ii....., ...... ,.

'no"", inf" .. ,,, <lrl ca""I ,,,,,,,,,",1 ''' ' ' 'UCln
~uidt~'II< .. 'al .....:n,). Ik~a ndo.1 ."""r,, (r,lu",
r,o .

~cnm'c"l< "pla".,I" 1'" . dda,". h:><:, Ir.l" tcm,in.1c 0<1 ...11"",11: la",hon se 1.. <k,;~"., Ii
1'''''''''la 2 '''um....'cfl<''", kll"''',:h,,,,,.,,,,''1 11'''''''''10 ,., ~ ...I ~'"
f.."fu",,,,,, un;>.n l. "'~k'" ni,,,,1 y ,,'r, on A nivol o,k l. ><1"'ulad"" _"",oc<g<.a. el
ta ",,(JI '"""",,,umbo . lW",",t.w, y """"".d." filum.., . ' pun,1e en Ion, ...."" libm>;o.; """ '"
po, d.... p;orlC> n~' """",tw.. SU ~""""O <" d,, ;n"",",,n en la ..... P''''OOOI <lo la, d<" poin",""
'''''l'.
"'1!w '" mn'KktT: plOLa. ,_...,e." ""-"'" 'oC d.>fI<'IK'1' ,,,,,,.otn,,,,,.
la, pr"'","" ",""'In, _ .... ~' .. 'I"u
le llar ..
L I'_M" .., ptri"... SIlU""," pnr
,n'u,,,,,...,.,,,,,,. ,.
.m"" or
<k. la )'....10 d "J/"~IC"''' _ 'wdllral
" .;,'.1. ... ",,,~n<k <Ir"'" el
""",;.0.-
En .1 ""''''n n:lC"o<lo. 1, ,nklula """,," l. n_
~"."'e,;,,, del .11., a la.l' ",'n"br. "c"ic~l . ,",,,ioo <kl ".",,1
venebro!. En <1 ..Iu ll".... ,le
1>0 ""~,,,n 1.. rdo,n <1.:1 pk\" ccn'u. 1 ...... ' i_ """" en 1" ~ I"mhit, 1:". d;fc,eocia ... lkhc ~I
n.d al <...11.-, y. la "'..... "",,;n'"n''' de..gual ,lo l. mdula y <lo la "'>-
tu"'... .-en ebral: "'" '~,ma '""'-"" .... , . Pnr <110
~. '"',,_,u,,d. u,...i<al. Se.- c\lOC1ldr do
lk 1.1' ,tnrllrn ."" ....1.. Lo J' "<nrnn "",,",,_
"'''" uot <k.."h'" lInponanlO ontrc k" ""',.",....
"'" nw:-dul ___ ~ ,.. r.<"C.' qur....,... <lo tI. 1.-
...... o.- dla '" onpnan la J ' r,oL .....".,.. .,.1 1...... ",1, '1"" "'"",!-c p .. "" f.".........., in"' ....cnctn.1
~i" f"',"m l)" ......1o I>~ ' ,/'nchr.o ....,,,,;..-.1 . l. I.gujcro ,le """)Un,..;..... , ... .,."in. mil, an''''
l' " ....le"'. los ",",~.lkll,lc\" r.r.... .. 1(nngu. en l. ,...eJ"I. : '" ... snt< nlo medula r d'-""'<k ...
1" k"'!Un.1 ,,,arul.r) t""",,,,,, 'u""n,,, l. ''''s'na lu .--.,
'k> corn"I""" 1e J>UC-' " 1" .hu,"
 '" "o" to. . , p.v. <en" ...

VCD!.V

V . DORa ND

v 1.0M B. S .L

SAC Ro
=

flg. ,q. VilIo_w ..

_
"'........,._A..c.a
'._00I0nga
: 8 . . .0"""" 2, _ .
to ....." _ ",*-01) _o, 3 , ~
.,...,.;a, 0UfaI"-""'" POS"''''' 1 _ . -..... FIg. 1&'. ~ ~ do las,.,.
......... 5, ...... ea" .... _ _ l. 5. oura> 10M' """'* do ... _ .. can 1<>0 --" ....... _ _
,"11_011-* y M _ , 7. _ , ...........Ie _ , IU ,alcw _les lRouss, , ~". . tiC
.,.."oot OO<Yb .... NT [NOI. _ 'o><AOeoa, M..
1_.. _ ""~""""', 8, _ . (proIIbe<. ",,", _ ~ ..: NS, _ _ y NCoo:,_.
_loo
"" ..... ,). ~. lir6mIclo.,. .. oblongo [tlult>lrl:
.... ~ _Io_odod"'og. ......._
IQ. ""," ... ~ .....I "" 10"-11 otM<:aoI
lecr_....... 'o"""
<lO """'" _ .. 1 ~ Hg .
_ _ " " " _ .. 1>'0Cft0 _ _ do
trI fllBfnef1 ;nle"'e""bnl. por el e ... ctl'II'~ T(OI '0 . .. , ...... 0 1]01'2 y " S' sacrGIU!.
l. rarl esp..... (r,,_149).
C. ~ cervlC1ll. Inca ,"" y UIUI Ikain ' ' ' ' lOa
. , . Idol..,..,. En . .. ICrnllnXIn. obotdou
.... rnlduLa ... ada:u 1... l1e.. .on"o dtl canal I 11 orinlllOCin """_UI hoco ade!lonle de lo
vcn ebnL Po. lo lInIO. 1"".5<''''. WIUI ne"n wuI> . oncoj ..... bw.
 ,,,

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"

1'Ig.1 Y . c..-.._ .... _ " .. "'''''' 1.__. _"' _ _

..... _ _ _ 2 Ulo:uIo _ ~, 3 _ _ 1111_ - . .
Ir"'=' _ _ ,
.... _ ~

' . _'-111[11'-. .... _ _ -.j.8. _ _ do .. _~diOI..,1 ",".OC>!. 1. _ _

"",,,1-"",& _lOfiooo JcoIumno '" C......I e. -"" I~ - . , _ . 10. taooo/roll'_
lo ~ --.orI. ", surCO .... _ l_toIJ _ : 12. ~~, Nj, .3. ,., _ _
14. 11ocOeulo _ _ 011_ do l.isY#1. ' 5. """" <OnaI1Oo W_~ . '5o "' .....,.. geIIlnU o. 110
_ l 1, .,.",..... 11'"
""'): 20. ,ajz .., _ _ ,
pot.""" (en COlOr _ , . lase","1o Ic:or<IOtIl ..'.... : '9, .,.."...".. 0Iar.ea 1_

<.l. "'..... Imen'" ..... el <M''''' d<,..w/u"...,lroIa

,.",,1 """'"",,,l. en el roal .... hl.lAdon .... Blce,
En IU\ hon""".. ,Ii,. !!IO). la mhlub
_"011< """'~ En lo 1"",,,, med""", .., .,.,............
"" n~nla ."" .. " f.","""oI. pnn la ....... ,'c"'",. , ,,reo poro profllo<l,,: el 'M ... " mnliu",. Jor><JJ
<1< , ra-' ",pina"" po""". di"m~u", l med'" ",,,,,..no.I. nltnd ido ~ 1Od. l. Ion
~I t ud <Ir Lo ,~1,,13 en e, .. Ca .... F..'Ie ,,,"'" ....
' . m, un",;.,.. Ir.~,. 14M)' I~). 1'",,,,,,,. pwfundin por n!ed;" <le un .... .,." ':001""".-0:
""" fi-'~"" ~~J""., '~~"'"II,"n", med,,,
"",~. el "'1"" m... /i,."" 1~,,,m"",I~b"l'" medio ""'.
""'l. ~"rod.,ja e n ,<ola '" """;'00: ..."bu\ '..,.,., ..... <Iin<lo t"~ c.." de lo mb;Iula en "'...
1Wo. .... Na fi.ur.... """'" la, rar;o.. t.."'rJIt. el f""CIII", ........., I~ p:N..noc.,'1 de..,
,,.,.,-,, "nrlrol"'~'ul r,ve.ICr~1 anl<'rio<l. di....... d", e "'I",enJo ...,.;, ....o <le ""'''' fun .." .... no.
"''''0 Y pxo ......,iIdo.
dol 4"" cmnrm 1", ",. " <.IwidicJo I\;N.. la 2' ,rn.:bn -,<-"", por ti
re> .... eOl'e.' do lo> ...,,,..... "'''f"""It,, En'~ d,"
'M"'V' "'u", ... ,,,,... II,,,,,,,,,,",,,,, 1""'1"";"'1.
."'''''' "m:", y. "" Ia.,b. de ,. lnc:a nlC'di."" en dos fuok .. "" 1,nlo"e.'1 ,In"
_dwl ,. ,"m
.....d'n <oo'prc,-.lI<I< ... (", ok 'mi....'" 1""" ",u,,1
<1," .me';""" l. dcn:<ho e "'I",crdo_ En t. pom-
'"I"', iot. cad;, funku~" put<le ~"at ,ubd,,Kl,"', .l. t..""" IQ" ....II' ,ro,.
l~). T .. IO<> dcm.'ha
pi>< un "''''0 ,,,,~,,.Ifih<, .. mr'.w ...... ~ cOtlu como a 1L'fI'",n\;o ~ "" .."""" en lOd;o Lo kln~,
.... !Ix.. :.mba. """ el ,"'" .. 'fU< ><"pan 1> .... 1..:1 do: Lo mklula. Con'ua. en >enlodo """"....
,,",,<le ......,... <le la "',,_.....1II;or: hx,.
obaJCI. ...1. quedan ,'" ' ..... di<b. enlre "'" """"" , .....
.... dlllgt <lbl;""". ~n "n~ t Utn,O<I ~a .i""lr. I1'Obln:oI ). ................t> IroIa""'" ___ ).
pon , ..... in", en Lo fi",r~ medi""" 'enlr~1. [W"'l..,.,.1 de donde e"I<"'!CfII., r~<"c> In'eno-
re, y 1"""<""""'. f......, ......... ,"",",>JIOII<I<n a "'"
!,,,,fruJ,, l",nI""", 1 1",,ml~. de la IIltdula.
11. IlISI'I ISI t.: u h (; ~:S UI ,\ l . - , ,"".. ' ""Ium,,"".,) ".""","".,: propia, dc
m : I ..\ S JI.'\ I t.:t:~ ~~~ I'I ~A U:~ l. 'nlu"",,,,,,,,,,, .. luml>u>:oon,

F.",'on r~in." ,,,,,,,~"k' y "'"",b. La' ,,,l

""" "~~"r.,, y I"'flcn ,lo: la mtlu
, ~. \~",.."I,' ,
la: b., ,."I,~. ,kK"',, ..... ""n,""'" ) Ik~ .... ~ Lo, r. k c, ",nlrd"" y do.w..k, ,lo.: un n""n"
lamMul~. "'~",.,_" <"< .. "ergo.'n. ro ..,,,, dt l. ,,!Mul._ 1""""
f"",....-cl """'" ~."."",....... ,...." dd ....... '"CT1<"--
,\ . U .. !K." b",1 1"'" el r.,.......... ,n',,'''cr1~hr.1 1 "~uJ<ru dt
e",l, ",, .,,;1 ,,.""1",.1. IU '''' ,k lcm,,,,a """J\lno...... 'I. 1... r,,, "'"",ll'n;",,~'la un ''~UI"'
<1<> nume'" de lib<-., ~," ,,'cr~cn'<, cUY' d"p;" no,,, .,,""..."'" 11 ""''': d !1"" ~li,, "'1 .,.,1. ,,, "'"'
........-In ,... d,r,....,._".'" aroenk. Ct .. d n...'" qu<' """,~;n"'"""."'. 1 ,:n" ", La n>\lUl. ,..... uul .
.>oc m .hodcK ,fi~. I ~ 11: Lo d ..........,""' <le 1.., ",ice, <kp<nd,- dt '" ",,<1
fihr..., del~ ..IJ, '"u'"''''''
~n """","" ""...,.- dt ""!<-"" lfi,. W II.
'o: ro:fI,"",,,n la, rdk'C' 0,,"-"'.1., "" ....",""" El dc",,,d enl'" "" e"",!,!:e,,,,," ,1< 1.. n.edul ..
_ flbr., "ulu",,,,",,,, lOun,d., "n ahan"" )' d for~ "",,, imer....r1"br.. l. p;..- el .'u,1 -:tI<- ,1....
<nm!""I"; '..... r~'''''n.k''. a l. ''''um'' .... ''' .... , ,,,,,,al 'cnd....1 el ""' ... ~u",1 ,"..-rc'pon.l""D_
....... i,..... le. ", ,al """:
- m..,,, del,,,,I., ) 1""'" " U" ...r""" ..... l., - I;L, ,~ ice>""", ....b ""1'<"""'" Ii:<:r.o_
lOO
,'"'cn. o" la "'~";.,, " ........'a: ,e
"",nle "" :I:,l<knl"' I ) u !"",,,",, ..I<-, , e2-C~ 1:

1

,
8
D

'111. 151. O". __ ""'.ICH_

"".... (He ' :; ..J. A.
"PO ,*""",1.....-
""', B. 1;po ~ 10_. e ,..., ""aoco
1<lonalJ: p, ,...,......"..
 - ,ooa, la, ,le",", ...... , obli,'ua, ha,';a at>ajo.' y
I' '',ralmen'e aum",,,,",,,k, e,la o\>h,'u'd,', 1""-
~""i"an"'r"c ,lo: arTIoo h"",a a!)aj":
- 1"" r~k,', "ngina,la, en 1,,, do, hll"'"
>c~mcn'", lumhar~, l ' ,'n el cono meJula'
:tdopt~" "". J ''1~"i'' lIln ''cI',;':al y !"U<Ica" al r, .
lu"' tennitla", Ctl la parte mi;",.".,. dd ,-..,\;,1"Cf'
td>r-al. c<~",i'")eoo" la ,-"",1" e</'"II,' I,~ ~a d"
<>bolk'l,
El ,"""ivd ""'re d orig"n <1<' 1,,, ra",," "'1"-
",1", Y ,,, omerge'r.:", ,Id "a"al ,ertcbml. nI.
cionaoo eun un I'",,'e,o l"I"I/I,i' l e,I"""'o.
puede ,'" <k"C","""OO 1"" l. re'>rmul" de (hi.
fI'Iu" n"~hr,,,.la lur I.a"..,h""
- "" la I\'~;{,n .-e" "',,1 1.. "," la b" ,,' nohr.
""....';.:a: al "me", dd 1''''''''''' C'PUk'''-', ..... k
"",,'- ".10:,;la b' ,'rt,'hfa ,,,r..dca a l.
11 ' : al m-
"",ro dd 1"'-"'''''' ," PUM"" !.e lo ,u",a .1,
" "'1'01"" b ) ~ I, .....d.:a la Y. 4' , ) ~ ' rdil
lun'OOr';
- a "i",,1 ,lo l. 1;, "~,,,.I>r'" IUI"har. la 1", 1' y
- ni\'el Jd e'l"",i" ,'",r" la l' )' la ~" " ' nc
I>r, IUI"ha" , 4" ". j, ""1'.,) la' ra""" ,w, j-
ro."
L.,"i, ,,,,ud i,\ la .k 1", ""d",,,,'-
'''r'''g,,~fi,
ro,} la, ,... e., ",p;nak'. "",~n"i,,,,nJ<, 4C 1,,,
,i",,, "1~>;rlc", "-'pe'''''''' "" 1, 10",';n",,,1<I
nlCdubr }' .k I~ del T<H\J" <le ,a.,,, Juml. Lu,
O1;"16m""" ,'.,,-.ale, )' ,orki,'", "-' p'u)''''''''1l
" "i.-el del cocrpo 'cneb",1 '1ut' p"",~k 'u c
r.... " Ml e"-,,I"' ;'Io, ,lo 1, W ,'c"',,,ol j ' la "u<><l<'
,'i"'a ",cl,:iea '1"" '" p1-<-.;:'a" ->Obt-c lo> d,,,,,,,
de la b' y 7' n',v",'a l y "" la lO' y 11 ' ,or:\c'",a
""'''''''''''.''1<nte. L,,,, mici.Io"""", LI. U Y S I
'" pro}''''',"''. ,~n""", "1<"<Ii,,, etl la mit:od de 1...
roe".." "encl>r.lc, ,k TI!. TI2 Y LI. El""""
",,:,Iolar ... ,"a ~'""ral",". , la .I'ur. JeI
di." ,,' e",re LI )' L!.
La ft"tu"" d" la, m.." .' L~ )" SI rorman un
'm""" co",n. ""'"' ,lo: ,1r""C,,, , Jur.. ",aJft".
h.,~o oc di", I~~ ., i ~u" .' u .ur,' " h"hi'"al.}' SI.
m', Ulto 4"e 1" hahilu.1. do",ieoo<- 001","" e"
cl fe"c'" lal<ml r"'lu;d> f"lnl .lea",ar ~I IN
.~"jcm -.;.nu. E,," Ji'I'" '''-''''' 11><, 4"" l. ,no-
,',lid",1 ,k a",ha, r.'.." '1ueJe d"minui", au-
,,,,,,,,,nJu l., fa.,ilid""', >aro un. ~,~np""i'fl
lA. Cal",,).
CaNda ' '''';''0, /'NA IC"l o d. " " bal lo l Ir.~
154). La, 1'.b" 4"" la f"nnan aka'''a" ~r.. "
10n~iluJ. po' ,'au," de 'u "ri~"" allO: 6.oa, <1<".
,',e,"I.:"' ,r",' .I"",,,,>. >al'. "lea"/a' 01 f"rd'
"",n intorve,lellr,tI. s..- f.",,,,, .,r.
un ~mn m,
nojo <1<' raic.o, ~"" ".lea .1 ''''lO te""",,1 ~ al
ni"", lefl1\in"lc . A e,le eu"iu"''' "-' le da 01
",,,,,t>re ,k c"Mb '''-Iuina . Ella reu' ... la <k''''-
.-tia )'" la i'-,!u,erJa, a >an;r de la ! ' ra;" lun,-
b:u. a 1" 10 ""U";,, lO;"..,' "1,,",10' lr.~,. L~I
)' 13~).
1...., "oeninb"" ",pina le' "'>ard" la ","Jula )
la' mico.' <,pinole, de l., paredc, ,Id Ca""
,'cHohrdl, Coml'",n<lo", l. dumnadr.: . la pi
madre y la arxnoi,k"
,\. I/ur. ",. d ,..,
10., un "ilindm huce" [<>fI"ado 1'''' ",'" I"",--d
nbru." y "'p"~a. sUlido)' po,'" <"<""hlo:. s..-
",,"nJo ,Io:>de el r"ra",.n m.gll" lag"... ro oc
"'p,la ll ha"a l. 2'" .1' '<'n" .... """ra.
1. S UfHrflc;~ ..:Urna. E, re~ul'tm<'''le "'-
.~,".Ic"d" rC'I"'"""'tdo l.,
pall,de, ,,,,,a, )'
li~a",cn"",,, ,lo) canal vertcbr'JI. de 4"el., ,',-
ti ""Ilar.o<lo por d '-""<ldo ,/.id"",I. ti ..." a,,,h .
del .. ",c "-' halla en "''''.10 ,'00 e, hp" ."n'"
1""p"ud,n;,II""""ioc Iv<rtel>rdl '~M"u" l . /~II,,
"""'l'''''', ..., rr"I",,~. alrededo,. de caJa ,,,,"o,,,
.,pi"al. al 'lu" ""'H"p.~a "ddg.'"''''''''' c.da
,.", ",,, por fUCT' ,leI fllf"",en ""Of"cn"br.. 1
,,'';'''' fig. ,521.
2. S UfHrfl"~ ;','.",a. E, li", Y puli,b. .-.'-
1"""le. la a".I<"nlliJ ...
.l. Ex"",." , ufH';<>r. Se """una ,in I;'",a
d" dcmar.:.ln con l. dur.",.dre c,anca"a,
por '" ,ul<'""< nlcma '" adhiere.1 (",".. " .. n
""lSoo)" al al la .
4. l,rnl",~feri<>r Ir.~. 1541. C""'li'u)'e d
/<",.1" de ""m dI/mi 4"" '" de, i. n. " "i,'.1 de
S! S.' . Co""e",, a l. tauJ, ''luina y al '"u""
,<n""lalc: ~,'e en la pano m,i, infcri".. del ""'''
,lur,,1. f"'ffOfU' l. durd"' ..!'" 4"" ....: apli,'. con
,'" ~I adhirinJ<"",lo )" fonnndole "na va,na;
<k , dendc h",'a la l' vtncbm ""'-'d~u (fig.
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c,"minaJa., di""'arn,,n'e. l:t n'tur"Ie", y la k>-
c,h/ad n d.: 1, le",,,,, pocd< "" pm:sao:tJ >.>r:
El 0''''1(''' d"".". de l. ""n"bi(iJ:od. tlt la
",,,,,(id .. ,L ,le 1", """ "',10> "a","""ore, )' de
1,,, ",n.jo-. d. todo ortltn. CU)'O ,.1",,, ,"""'o
pIUl"blc.
La 1""W'" 1111111,,,,, <k prclK.'a eom<n', <n
d""'a pem,ite e"rae, una t"""""", del l<juiOO
ccrebrue,pirul .. ~..., l>at\a" la IltobJula: u"" agu;'
fma ~ I"ga. ;nlr,>d"d. enlre JO> proe~"""...,.
p"""'" O la,,,ralnll"'lt '< entn: 00. lmin~, 'ene
hor-dk.' . h""i, el can.1 "Onebr.1. f'<'mtil< or"",u",
"'lO man,obrd, 1", pun 'a ,le lo ,guja alcavic,,,, el
",paci.. cpid"ral y I",,~o la dur:rmadn: 4"" u(re
ce "na P"'!",,~a ,,,,>len,,i". El 14.ido """'1\'e
enl<M"'<". So pt><'<k c" ",~at la P"'"oo, ex,rae,
mue"r:r 1"'''' 'u allli", """,~,ioigkn 4ui",",,,
y bi"I6~ ,y. cOI"",b, ," colo<~ .... <k-bo.: <k ,."
-"ri"al <k "","". ~I<' 1'", .'" nlaniobr.o puc<kn
m,nllioc"",, ., ,,,,ar,,,i,, r.Kli<><>pao:~, ,,~''''''''''''
mtnlli..., id,_ cn el ""1""';" "ubo .... noi<leo }' ""u
di~,la' en Jivm." pusicinon con el (,n de re
c~.r 1", ,1"", eli"""", "......,"""'" .
El ,.""m~n ,.,,,I,,M~h',, de:
- """d,'",. "'"'Ir.nd" 1.. ahcraeion
w." 1,..."1""';'" ,ub'r""oo""""'. por """'lo
de 1, mid,,~r:rfb I"" ,,><I...,C'R de una ....,,,,,,, .
ca <'lid;",,!,",.: (ndi"" lipiodolado. in)'''''"du
por >unci., , uOOcoip i,.1 u lumbar):
- lo. \'''''', (."oriolr"f. ",,,duIOl"J, m~'
"",o> ,Io,,",i. en fU,Il tlt 1" impon,,,,,,, ,'ariado-
nc, ,n.'OOllC" comprohJda>,
 L ~ M I~"" ~ ,,'I.\ ," ,";~ ... " ,. 111 .\1 1 r, un"
tknic. no in,a,i,. ,le: diagOO-lico, pOI" itn8'"
"'"". 'l"" a ""ni, de ! 9~ 3 ~'luYU di'ponible par.
'u cmr""o dni"o.
n,,('u" rara el ",,,.. ienle. n" "lih,a n.di"""",,,
~",i'""IC" rnr eUn ," ,,'" '" ha ~c,,,,,..i,:odu.
El {'uocel"<> {"nlr.1 <lo 1, II .M . '" h;o,.. ~n l.
propiedad ~"" """,en lu' """Ie", dr ,' ienu,
d.",,,n,,,, ,le emitir un " . ..01'1 dr r..Jinf..,.."",,
da ( 111'1 . 1 ,'" """O<"li<l<" " l.......,in de "n p".
<Cu'" ,."'po "'"g',,',,~,) y ""imulad,,, "'''' ,,.,.
,1"de 11 1'
LA ... "'Hnpmcnte, ",,,,1".1"<' que 'cacr;,",,,,,
a"'" "", s"u",jn '"'' lu, pr,~"""s. '1"".1 ,,~~
dific.r '0' nivele, de e,"'rgi3 "~n<r.,,, ...,hk>
de di l<re,,'" inlt"n,Kl ..l.
lAt, ",,1ale, 'u" "",ibida, po, un. """"', 'lOO
" ""'1'1, fun.:;o."" <le . "" .". y l., 11". n'11.''''
",~, """'1''''00<>1"' 4"" la, p"'cc," y '1118"" 1.,
fIn "1'>' "".' .

FIg. 160&, R.M, de Raco" ~

"" ~- -"""" -.,,-

l3fI~" s&<""""I . GE T2', dOno

oe. "", ..""" un eIecIo moe~

ce , 0Il . ~1V_ la Im"llen b,,n.nl.
~""
..rtebra", ~
M'",..,os
po""""'' ' ....... _.",.
j(I'_
.
""'maIH. l l ll' .... po ........ .-..
~ de _ _ blljlL (Dr _ 1,

Flg , ' 50b. R.M de ~IIQ ... c..",..,.

sag~OI , S&<-.". seTI la bti ......
HI\;II do la ;tasa o.uDcuI.l ... , de ...
..,,""'...... del .... ama _ ""'.
"uta con Iaa t>oas ..,MIM .,..l.C.R.
IDo, Boochol
 L__ ~'!f\K'Ur~. ""a'(''''',a, rc .. ",,,..!.:" ~ l. ,.,,,,,bo. .. ""''''''''''''}
.... ""....'" lo .. en la. " ....
''''U'''' MIn """" >lO , .... "'U"'".(.,, tI .... l.r } l. Jo<: d.r... ""',..... dr la. 'n\en.Kbdc. dr ><iIa1 dr I~,
e.....-.: ... , .... ..,in,u"",,. '1"" ..,,,........ ~"b .... ~-
........."k' " ,.. ~.., ..... "" d,f=nI~. pi""''' dol r.
....""'U'a' e"""n:ldb..
i"'<"'''. [ 1 NI..h" d""n(,..",,,. do c",. "''''~n<. /f)r J 11 &,.,11, IREJI . I r.~"'''1
24
Encfalo.
Generalidades y defniciones

l ........ 'alo ~, la ~ .... '''len'' ""' .. ~

E e........""".
'" =uf:l! '1"" ~ hall~ cunlCn,j" en b
'''{II"''''''''''hlJ. ,UI k... I"'\!.....ub. ,=-br.o
"'" ) .1 ~hru 1"'"",,"'''''''< 01""'" Hi~ Ibl )
....~, dad la "'E~1n " .... ,,,,,, ... 1., po".on." ",ro,.. ...""
Un ""'._" 'abo'!""1 m,... "" 11<"""'131, ".,,,,_ nal y "'I",,~n,,~ .. t r,,,,,,", d ...., Ibo; oc "",."
.uldo ... ,.. l. " onda <10:1 ,"",,hck., 1"''''''''- d"",," ,kl ~'~'<'J"I" ,, \f"''f''~''''.'. k" rcJw"'uk" ,',-
au" 21"''':'''''''' "'mI<, y 1,,, 1'<"lulI< ul,,, ce",be",,,,, ,uro'
",,""uIJ" ...",1 <un la ",~,Iu l. "hl"ngu Id ,1<>"" .
.... Ihol. e l (>OC n l~ l. pn~ u h<n"'I.I, d <en"bd" Skno",,,,. ,n.",,, ~'" .filw," (, "F,'h,,,11
)' 1,,, 1"'<1<1,.. ,,1, ... c.."bek"",. .1 ...... f""".<I .., M abaJ" hacia .",bo.
'J",,'"

_...._..



,
:~~::::~
,o .----___ .__ . T - "
~-- -"

' !g. ' II. C-U(JIlM_""'<Y_~<MI .. f"" __ _1"_1 .2,_ ~ 1

~ 3._001_-...
0!I0Ic0.'.
","""'I)uIo " _
. __
9. _
""' .... S
._.... .-w&moco{coon.<.g,..,
otwo
W -_ _ I 10. -"CI>IOngIlbo<bol . "
hopOIIM,
_ _ ... _ . _ {gt." _ " " o...agt>al 12, _ _ : 13, _"""" ... QoW>ilS; , . _ _ _ .". 1M
_ _ (>reolo.a <IoHoil*l), " . ....,."""' .... _ d e l . . . - . '6 . ~o""_
1 _ <lo s.Mo[, 17, coI~ ~-...... CUliOO9IfIW>01: .8, Iotici CiCClOP<\a' "" .... toboc: I g DO""'" '" ..
gt.... _ _ 11 [ooIomo - " '1 2(1, _ _al ...agt>a 1 _ .,. G.It<>oI ll, """,po - ' " 22..
piotIoo del _ _ 1 _ "" "'*lID t i ...... ) 1 :13. -... _ . . ., (\otigiIuOtiIIl_'"
,m l. ,,.,.;,Iub ohlon~" leI hulhol. 01 pucm~
11. proluberancial }' 1,,, p<.-du<Kul", cor~b,. _
b .
10 11
" "
[)<-,f,' ~I I"'''''''~ \"I\/(' .. ",h,;"I,~I( /l. e,l,' ~
"'Ju nIo ~ dt,.rrulb a partir dt la, .\ .... "eu
la, ...".brale , P'"'''I'V'' <,,~ , ,,n : 1""1."0'.
Itl<dia )' "nte"''''. A pan" ,1< ,1-1". d "neUak,
'" ru<',tc divJ" e,, : I
- u"~h", ",'.' /e'un-" ",,,,,1>,',1( rfill" . o"g"
nado oc b ,,",kul. fl"'trri,,,.. cnrrt,pondt la
mdu la "hlongalhull>ol. pI'cme 11'''''''''''''''' ~? '
ci' l i.1 ,.",bel",
- ,"",dH'" ""',1,,, "
N"'~"('('fi,I". <k 1, ,'.,j-
'ul. "lCdi . ""mprcntlc 1"" ,'"I;Culo. ,uP<n", < ~
'nfe,i')f Itu""", ul", "uadrigmino,] }' a 1", 1"'-
dnculo. c~",bl"db ,."" el ...ucd"'", n",,,,nc~'
fllC<). 3
- , 'n~hm "",,'''0' " ,"'''NI< "I". de l. 2
,'.,;(ul "t."or.'l;! ","u"da"am<,"r di, ,d,
<lo en ,/~'" fillo (cerebro ,,,t<m,ed,al/o. tola-
1110 y IT~'n 'ublal""col y "'"N""" tC')ftc
lO ce",!>... 1. ,' urrpo c., tri"do y 'u,t.n,' " 1>"".
co).

Cada ".,eula p<"'l< j ' ' " c".,"",,, hajo

l. foro,", dt ("uo'i/<I,I" mlrlR'lIali",,, , <n rI
FIII. 162. C.f
_
n_ ~ ~"""" """"f~i>c:o.
la e...,.. I, 2. _"""' .... .,. W
"
J.
oust....,.. "~n"; MCCIn'" hemlst.nc ""'.
beIooo 5. ,*><a '" la _
(lII""""'"
la -.ga bull>O); 6, (lila
-.ga [ ~..,_) : 7. po-
1.

mmocn,:falo. el ,'entriculu, 4U3n", 111 "''';_ .....,. <le lO ~

"ul,,): en d "1<""l<tfalo. el 'lo "edil"''' ,1<-1 "'~
~nd/<Ji<, Id<' Silnl): en el d,,~f.i<1. el "cn-
fn." I" , fenw,]1II ,~m,-{.-~I"I j r n d ,d< ...H.
o. 1", ,... ,,,ri,',,,,, ~trr(J',,'
N6tc,< 4uc ~,ta d, vi"n c"'b"oI6~ica 'C
Cu"c,,,,,,,,lc <un l. "I'<i6n topo~rfica: .1
,~ b", ","lerim con J. ",,'cin in{rotento
,ial ; el "",eb", no.clou <'''n el i'l"'" dd <ncHa-
lo: y rI <Cf<:b", ante';'" <00 la >OrCln ,upr>-
,"nto.131.
.... """" c o , _ ......". 8. """"'" Iprot.o.<ancoa
a<1ulat); 9, ()(IdunaIc "",.c>oOl. ,o. 10510 [.~ ir>
1. -""";0, . t 1. ~ OC<JlomOlo, [mOl<K OC<Jlor
comunlltt l ....]. 12, """lO WOClta' 1~""') 11V ""'1 ,
13. noCl" lcirllllllll />pIi<:o, lO , """"" Inorool basilar.
'5. no"'lO tri9t<rnn" IV ~a'l; '6, "'"'''' OW""..." .
ImoIO< """,- . , terro]: t 7, no-IYio tacial VII ""'l. ,e.
no-IYio "'1"'-" jVtt par tlisl; 19, _ , .."bulO-
0CId04' 1".,.~_]jVltI parl; ro.
"""lO gioo.o! .
rlngeo IlX parl: 21 . """"" vago IX ~I ; 22, """,,,,!lo-
pavIooo [ma,or] [Xtt ....1: 23. """"'~" 10lI>l-
noll [Xt~ . , e l. '*'"'" eopt\&t 1'''''''oeoJ.

l. CE REIlRO ['OST E RIOR O ROMlU<:N CFAtO

Co"' prenM la mdula oblong o ]bull>o). el
I""'nlc Ipr<Mubemnci. anula'l ttl'OtlC<) cncef:\li
<o) y <1 """,bel". ,ilUodo por tk!r:h )" "",d".
" p,,",c-..lcntcs p'" 1", jl<1lunc"lo. ",brioso>
,nf<r;"'''' y medi,,,",,
A. M dula "blun~ bullH, 1
Tie~ la fO'l1l' de: ,,,,, p,";'"ude .. """,-'hada
har i. arr,b.>.. Elt " ,;en'",'" tic ab.>.JO h""i" arri-
ba y .. Ign ,le .tr, haco;, ",lel."'r. Se .. "<n<le
<1<"", el arco anlc,io, <1<1 a,la, la pan~ de b
li".. medi.,," de l. su x-,fitie b.>."I..- tlcl occi-
p;tal. E.,. po'" deci,l" .,. "a cab.>.lIo- en' .. el
pu<nlC j ' la ""'du la ~'rinal. I"',"ndo f'Ol" el fo-
r~n ... n ",a~no I.~ "jt ro o<(',pimll .
S" lmi'e 1O(e",,,. e, impreciso ~' COf""pondt
la un,n <le la mldula oblong. con la nlkl"l
e'plnal: 'u Irmite '''I'''nor "st <o'''l''uido adc
I,,"e j" lo< 1",1(". po"- el ",le"
"','b"I~"'I;/I()
Su< c.ra, anle,ior y 1" I<r~lc . . ..... bi~n ,'i,i
hle" l. ca .. fI"" ..,or pre""nl ~ ",," p.n" ,nf.-
no, Iob<t y"'" panc <u","no< oculla po"- el cc-
",beln <1"" feo",,,, rano del IV "ent";"'"lo "~a ,,,
J'g,I72I,
L (;g"U gllltri"r 1 laur<tlr. (fig" 162 )
16.' ). Un ""ko ",.d,"no Ior'g"ooinal pr<,klng.
.
,
,
,tu, .Ir/ nrn." ... ' .......... , 1.\/ "'-"/ "'f'I1HII ....
nI< "m.. ,h' 1I,000".k... "'" 1,'" ,~rI""",,,,,.1
2. rra /""u,i",. 1,1\ 011. ,. ,.~",,,, I
.. I '1"" on lo n><Jula. 1 ",1." "'''''/I.m" ,~ ... ..,
,~ ,
"...J", r""N""') ~ f_',,"1I1o. ''~I<"'. ~
,.MIo, "".- un ,,,/.., m,r,ow,/", ",,,,,,,...J,,,
lfi~.17111. \lJ' "",toa, "'~'" do... ,~If.J.1OIC< 1<: "....
p;.nn I oc"...., ""'''J'~ m,',. p;or. r.. m .. ' ,,,, t"-
., ... _-, ,/,," "/1" lue"" I",,,, ",..,.;"I'''', 4Ul' ..., d",~
", ,"",-.,1><111 ",",",It> I~" ~c""' ,j,. l. ",~d"l.
, ~,h 'g. (hull-.,)

........ , S .. k .. h/~"P<' .. ,j... 1, .."'da....i.l/

fi,.. 11>1 ~ 11>-11. " un ",1", :orr,h""". "lA)-
,",,,k. ,.....
-.n:>d<.> I"~ l. ".. '"
'1"" ro''''''U)''''
1""''''' hl<,~ul><r-.,,,,~ "".1.'1) ~ ... I"'J"n",,)u,
,'"","'-'10"" 'neJ,"" 1),,' d e"'c'~~I\ . un,,)
Flg .
~
1~. V_._..
1_11 . . __ .. '
_;o/~".,._
.~", lado.,)
,,1./.....m,
oc a.J<I..,," 11"",. a",., k" ,..,,,_
I""~,'" ,~ "~,, ,.",.",,/1 VI "",l. ,~,
~"- _ _ _1 1 _ r _ 3
j ....'
~
"""",.
',."....,1... /",",1 11'" ""1 1\ ' 11 1':"1, mlr'''''''/o'
... ' . . - , _ _ .. _ . a . . . "" 1\ 11 too'l ) " . ,,.,./.~ ,.1.... ' / ...,,,,,.,, ">S.'
"""""1 s. __ ....... _Iv.. boSI e 10<_ ...... "/IVIII,..,'IU,,II.l.
... ..,.._ (JO"''''- -.go ..... _".,. ~
del 0I.bI1 7 CIlla poo>ofOIaI .... ~ 8.""""'" 11 . 1 ".' nt~ . I ',,,,,,I,,'~nd . "m,h, r
<;MI _

'_,'0
_ _ lo'"
[IU!*WIOI 9, """, ....oana

...........
i'"
<lo 1.0 _ _ - . . (l>.M>o) ~...... I
_ - . . """""
. _ ........ 1_._1
1M PI"
a_... "P<'~nl~ <k \ ",.. ~io

E. w .. 1""'''' ("m>;o. .... ' """ ...... ,1<

tn~,I,,, ... "lC
"'''''." ...'"
\ em d~ .h.". S<- """"I"",do
la """"
.""JI"
"'1"''''''' &1 d "" 1,--...1
h:",I", ,Id no;,' '1"1>11
h ... '" a"iha d ,!<- l. ,,,i dul .. "'I"na l h.,," el E,'a I""" .. b. "".". 1'" d _"1.-" 1,dJ".;ul~
,,,k'.. boJ1N'I""''''''' 11'oI,'b"p,,"uh.:r.. ,..-,.11 ""',- I, ..''''k' 1rc<Iu'I<uh, l,n~u""".'I<iall l "haj.. por
d" Wnu'n,o .", un.< dcl'''''In ; el -.~,m~~, ,....
,,,,,,' I"",~ol_ h.~ ,~In' "", 'nI"rnmllOolo ,-n
~I "'' e.. hulh" 1""11"'''1 hul", ...... """""" ..,..11

la p;uu , ,,I~fU p. ... l. '.1... .. ,,~ " ... ,/o> /'" ,.., ... " ('QNI".",~ri", J I.,,.',,'r~ lfi~, Ib1 l
"',,,-, -. <1"" (urma d hn,,'c "'1'00''' ,.". b " .... , 1I('Jj .. ..., ,~. "" "''''' bJ.
11>1 t I=-n '" "oco
dula "'1"""1.
A amI,,,, 1...1.. , d~ la fhura ",ILa \ Ol1lral
F'''''''"'' d ,,,1,,, I."d"" 1"" d '1"" r." d
,''.,,, .. toa"b, , a,,,,,,I I. ,\ u,., l' . ~ ". 1",1" ,lo ""
I ..."n, ""'d,,,I. '" "n.."",Umn 1.., l"r,I"",b. 11- 'e ,u"',~ "" ",1".",,., /r,./rl ... I/~",,,,,,',I,', la
""""b, "", lu~.-. "'~ ,~/" 'r"""'~','r 1
d .. "'",,,, ... 1< ,, 1 """m, I,,"'Iul>< """"'.1 1'"''''''''
JO" I ~ ro"",",
/''''''/'''''I llo....... '" .... 10.." p;>n .." ..... ,"" ,,.... 'WNl\CO" ,.... ,,' b, , ..... k.. ""InJ<"
, ... " M""'- que (,om, .... ~I un,,,",'. d .... n'" hIt'<, ,,,h..... ,,,,,,, .n......' n
dol .... ~"n"""I/I.' I \ r..-~
d"",' 1""""'"/ IX II par! Lo,,,,,,ln.. ,,,, <lel M., ""'...II.r...... j l' .. r.I-. k.... ".,h". "l... ,rrt
",{, " 1 M,,",.t,IICr,,1 Ipred" ., l. la "',,,,, Im/"".. ,,,,1,,,,,, 11,...1,,,,,, ... ,,' "''''1, on ",.;_ """,,00,. )
~,
,.. 1"'",,, ".~I",I . "",,.d. "",,,,<1;<,,,",,,,,,,, ~,, '" "all"" " ...... "'oJo" 1'1< h" /.""j,,, ,,, .. ,,,'rl>t-
I~, fit>rJ' .,nl"",,., v,'"'r"I,lIc~~k, Ald, <k 1""" '"I~"W"". 4"" e, ..'",'\'" 11;00..". la p....
di. d .u/, " ,n",lIm" y "".. ,Io.r;i, Ik ~""". el ' ","''''' ,Id ~~'''II'',~ut.:r_u :.nul'-I
, ..1,,, ,11 ..."01;"..,,,11, .1I",,,,uJ ,....,,,.,,.... <I" httI
""'1"10" ~I ..... ""ICJ"g<'JI k ............., t~"'"(..ri,,.
0:<'1.11 )( parl. "'~' I)( p;u-] ,./", .."', ..." ,,,,,,,,.
! L'.", _'lr"_.
I~"" '''''"'1. 1M .. el ""n+.,
k, ,k'l '1"" _1; h:oll. I<:par.o.la 1'''' d 'cn""u""
'lu.t1U' (,'.,,'" p..l~ 1711.

\"'M"'_'"
.,,,..., ...
............. ,"--_.
... _. ......
,,-- ........."" "'l, o
........ _,. .
,."'._ .............. ,........, I"".~, __ " <>

... ''''''
~_

, . ",~
~
'_
t ... ~ .... "'.. ~, " .. _~ "" ~ ...... ' ,,_ _ ~ ...~

P""""'"
........ I.".,a ,,,"""'. 1"" Ik,", ,1<1 ,,, ....... m<<I"""
l ......... ~ ) InN"La obI,,,,!al a l .....1 ",,:1 ..,OJO
 ,

"
"
""

. 1601. _ _
'; ,

1"" l. .. (><',10"" "1,,, '~"r"'I,,,,,, b un, ,,,;,,,, ,,,,,",,,,.. ,'JI el ,...... , d ,, " ~II\ " , , ,...... nw, '(~" .
I"IC" ,,, ... ,-"1"", .. ,,,," ~" la 4"" ..., '~H""'~11 ",,,,.,,,,, 4'''' d "'1"""". I:>la "'p"r.-k, <1<' . .. 1",
"n" I"'rle "",J,",,,, " 'o', Nj)'. ) ,1." 1"'"" '"tord" "u,Ie,,,,, ,...,.,bel""... 1"'" ~ ",k,,,_ 1'_" 1.. u,,,<ln
k.. 1,,, h~"" ,,.,.,,,, 'u,,''' -/"_..,, """-,, lal~"' .1<1 I{I II""OO ''''' d 1/.1 1'''''''''''' '" ,,,d , < m..,
Inl. U "(~IJWM" "'....... ' ,-...-...,- ..... "'"",. I"f~ .... hu) 1"""'''''' "'.. ",1,.."", oJo: 'U)'" 1....... ..,
"'" ) '.."en.... 1 "d' .\ ,';Ir'> ,.",,, ""..,od:L, ,~ .. do. ... 1"'... "'1"".......... '1"" ........ "1 'e<.
"'" nu,,""""" .uk." Ir..' ... '........." , .... k .. ''""- "''' o .." """,,,r,,,v. n"" ....""''' el ~'J"'"O
k, ,.., m,'
I'f'~"'''~" '''"n~" la, I"ur. , '1"" ~.. n""uy" la pl,.,,,,,,.t~.ul '~""I\ " '~lIn~""u
dol,,,,"an ~jn " 1""-u"""",",,,,...'I) 1,"""' li- ,.,'", ",1 " pir"",,/r (I~ II" I,~ ,,"'PI, La I~"""'''''
""1", I,',rd,<I""". <1<1 ""n"i, ,nfo'''''. "",,,,lo I~" <1",,,,," ,le 1.1 1"
runllOC. '" ,k.,,,,"",, ,,'ul ... 1..'1"" opl .. "..!..
I
~"I<lo
"" .""..ri.... I "~ 1M). b """e,. en
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1) ..."e"'l"...... .. " I>n-...,...a
,,,,,,,,,.,,.,,In>rr,,,, ......., ",1"",,,, no el .........,. dd
1\ ' ..... "" ..10. lIII", 1.:1 ,hul:l) ol lV ,~ .......Io
en l. 1(",::, """',.,1:< .. ". ",10'''''0 .nle"",,'''e- ..., """'" .... """"""'......., I";rulol """";;0:><'. " .
...... d wmll' 'Uf'M"N, n,,""oJo , 1"'" <k",h de ,,,a<I<, ni p"nc ng, ""<1lI~ &1 ,'",,,,,,, ",f,,
..... , ,,1,; ,,,1,,, "'/".... "1,,,1 , '",,'''~'''''',.,,$ h"",. tI"r: ~I "."Iulo . 1", laJ", <1<'1 <". 1 '" <k'f'll-
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170.

In~, , ... d"' ...... , 1"'~,"'.l>1 del IV ,""",I<ul .. ,

'>U nr-~ profunda a<th ..", a la m<lul.o .No",)',
1... cara 3"'"'''''' ,1.,,1 "~r~""1o ~".i u n ~l. ~I ,hul"'" """ ~I '1"" IIM~ .. an,ho" I,br~" ," "V'''
,n_'" ,",... d al",,, ) al "", ... n.:Halu 1"" t> ['< lal~ ... 1 )'
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dol""' u ~,,. 1 ~ ~ .. l, 1",1.;. 4 ... ,,,.,, k" ",-tu".:,, - , .",1.. Iomig,lal ,.1 ,','..,hol" ....
u,,,,,, ,.
lo ... "~"' I", I ",,,, ",1",,,,,,, ' 1" : 1.. "' .
duLJ ''''.'''ga ..... 11",). 1", I"'Ih"",u~" ,""' ...k, ~, 1', d6"ru/"" u "'/></",\ ",I' ,..,J i", 1111'-" 11>'1
"" ","",,,,, <oc 1" 0""" :o, I"... nl~ h"n~u""r...' > I1'IH U...... ~I ,,.,,,,he., al """"'" I"".ut>:r....
< , y 1,,, pcd"",u~ ... <~,,,bd o,,,,, ,"['<.tofo. nlr. ,, ~, ....."""
n':\" , ..... "",..,...,.. al ...............
..... 1" u......., f'<dulKuk, ctrd..." . ,,<'1 FJ "m"~ <n1R' ",,,,,, .. .,., """"'''''"onal) lo>
dctcn". ", un rtooo '1"" 1"""" 1 "'" 1...".-:lIn.... '"
L r.d';""""" u","",,<o, ;"~ri_. 1<...... 110; Lo (11"' . ~'< ....,. ,..1 I.:n." Inl""OIIm.. I. I F~r.. ,
'"" R"lor,,(m~'II " ~'. 1711 ) 17 1'.
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h",,,;,,I,,, I"....,k.."', 1""1<"
""'M' "");,,, ..Jo de ""'"..."e hao..."t, ,..IO ,!!)II'
,' .... ",1o, 1:U1I,'. 0111 1", ) II k~lia l" .. ",~. Su ,"''', 1",
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,." "'\1,,,..-,,,,,, So", ""r~ld , .. al ",.m~ul" on(e 1Jl"'J'<II"lc al ll<uk' III\huk, del ,.,umo,,:N'''''I:
IIO! ,Id I V \"nlf"u k 'U)'" ''''''' ''' Ion,.. " . So. l.......... "'1""'" .,nF"'" f'OI,,,,,,,.,..,.,.,,,,,:
1.0
par>< I""'<'f1i..- ~'.u <"",..... 1"" l., ....."'" ".... ...... pn>fundl. 1""''' . ' ......... '" "",fllnll,,~ m la
du'..... 1",,"... ,ca'l dd 1\ "~IM''''''1o lfi~ nUI, de. t"c"R'helo
, .....~ :In",,,,,,"
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"",,a al r:i,) "tri"" rar~ I'wf",~h,"N""" d ,... ,1, r,d~ nru/". r,,,"" "' o. ",.,"";0 ..., <!,~"
",oc l..: [lo " Mt.o.l" ,k' "",' ,'udu 4 ",-~b" 1" ,.... 1(>')) 17IlI, ... r l",' ... ~" <k- ",.. I.. me h:k"~ .. ,,1-.
'" ""iende" M,M el cerchelo ha"a la cura 1. l'Il"d unlul", lfi~. 17111 _ T.ml>i~n 11.
do",.1 <le "" pe<.!ocul", ee",tnlc., "".1 00'.- maJa f"", rum"",&~ " p'''' ""1 IV "",,o.ulo.
no' .Id cerrbtl" ."an ","ado' 1'''' arribo y En rorma d. roo,,"" ''' .1'' ma), ... "',.; "'1"'."",.
me<l,.lmen'e "" pednculo' c<rrbclo!oO> in- lado por un ,uleo ""n"'al ","di,,,,, ]d ,"110 del
feno,.' mien'm, 4"0 01 10, del cerehelo 1", Calamu, ",rip'OI""'1 q"'-' '" J",~,' J<I ~n~"1o
t'ru,un 1'''' ,y ,.ro d<x--al pa,a d'ngil'oC.mbo y ,uperior.1 inferior: ," "Y: ",e,,",. h, ... "",,..
1'"
",,,di.lmen'e hacia la l"". med,""a )' I"'rdcN: " .. ende .n1", 1", 2 'ngul"., I.,cmk, , ....w"'"'
dobojo de 1", ,'"Ikulo, ['ullrc"",, cuadn~m' laler.I<'), I~"e llontU J",<Io.' di"'" 'ontm' ul"
"'''[I'''',.,i"re,. Lo c."' n'erior 0fI 'u pan. la- en 2 ,"pe,fi,-io, lrian~"Ia,", "po,"'.' por ,"
'or.1 .dhi.", al I"'enle Ip'OIuher.nci nula'[, blI"" un "in~ul" mk,W, "",,1"" ml~II'''' ,k
""'"'''''' 4'" 'u p;tnc medial [i"'.mal lbrr la mdula "blo,,~a lbull>;,,,) U" "i.n~"I" 'u
) ,oo'"ooyo. (",mar parto de 1. b(,o,'ed;, del IV o
pe"',,- 1""" "" [p ,,,'u"" r.,,, '"
1],
,'c""eulo'" ni,,"1 del "ingulo I""'UI1O [1""'''-
her.n,i.ll; la <or" 1'<'>""'' ' e, ron,'".)' lo"" .) "l"k" '''' 'o" ~ ''1 ':W" 'k II,~ . 171'1: ,',)f'O'-
el bur"" late,.1 e,'~ >Cp;tr.w.> del pUOfI'e Il""'u- pond,- 1" mJnl. <>blonp. en l ,,' "~",,.
he,."",a l l"" <1 ,uk" la'er.1 dd """,,, .1 !>nl- u"' depn',",'!\ hnc.' "\te!ldida <10.- l. ru", al;n,
Jo "",d,ul o:o"c'pOII{1< . 1 ,'rlo mc.!"I", IUI'~ _ ~ulo ,n(e,;," 4<1<' '" pr"f"n""" h,~"" l. ,,"'d,
m", l,oJl,"I" ,Ir I 'ir''''ClO,' 4ue ,ubll<nM 01 l. ,,1 "11/"""" ""1""0'",,' '" '~m,,,, boJO 1""
:inguln de ",unin .le a",bo, 1""lncu"". d p"." del, l.",,,, "'u,,j,, n,,,,-I <Id ,..,I"'io
'Ul"'"or tlcl can.1 cc,,,r,,I[,,,,,d""10 ,1<:1 "!",no!i.
V , I" m~dula, , ,,(Wrior ( .'til'ulu J~ l'l~u, mol. e" l"e><n,OOo po' un I"'~u<ilo o'p""'"
'~IH/II,g , I(7), E, un. bm,n,lI. ne""". ",.n~ular I'ruyc'\Ct.d" "" la ",p:or"",n dL' k~
!nango l., ,,,,,hnJo de amba hoc,a .baJO ) de lunkul", ,1"".10, 1,~"dL""" 1~"'Oll""', do.: 1>.
,del.,ne hoc .., .. d" ,'ublen. 1"" l. f"'n n"_ mooulal. Pur J.",;. ""1 p,co, "na pe~",'Ii. l.
ri .... , del I'cm", "'I",i", e ,n,erp<'C\'. en,rr kI, m,n, de ,u".,,"ia ~,i, tr.n".,,.1 n'e"",,!>
2 ped""u lo.. """,t-oelo"" '"I"',i",,". Su b.", cn'''' 1", 'unlcol .. " doJ ..... lo, ["""'""e, po"en'"
,.. ""nfunde con b ">n. ,'orroi."", l. lin~ul., ",,1 )' "", . :tic, ,fa",kulo ~","",ih, lde (;,,11]1' "
(c\t",,,,idad 'ul",n", <1<:1 ,.""i, 4"" '" <,,"cn_ el ",.wjtJ u ,sI,.., "n ",,,IoJacl. c,,, n",",1nna
de hac,a .Jelan', ,,>bre el _el .. "",,jo la, '"1"'- l>ene, .....", a l. f"'",d I""'m,,, o oo.,-.Ja '. rqn-
ro".- cntre lo, :! pe<.!oculo, "erel><l""" '''pe- ",r"a <:1 bo,r<k '"I"",,, de la 'u'lancia ~ri, "'"
0<"",), Su ,'.nic" e," 1"',1,,.,~"oo 1"" 1,)\ Irr en la ,,,,'d,, la >< e'IC'lCn,," 1">< ,!e,,:!, dd <phi-
n"... !el 1'01" n,edulor '"1'""''' [dl",oIa d. dimo. A .mlx" loo", Jd ,.I.nlO, '" ""'i>'",1den
V,eo,,,,,,,], a lo, I",~" <10.' 1,,, "oale' 'o'~cn 1,,, ,r"""", blan4uedno' "b li,'uo,)' lr.n""""I.,.
"""",, ,,,,,,le.,,,, ]n<,,,,,, p,,'~l,, u] jlV p;"[. .xtend,J,,, ambo." Iad<>-- do b ',,,,."",d,,,..
pero .",)\ perlenean al "",.,,,Ha lo Il'~ , que 'oC d,n~en h""," 1,,, ngulo> 1.lero l.,.1 "'-

'.u y.".
170). La C"'" an,cn,,, del wl" ["'hula] <, ('>n- ","''''ulo ","-11";';0: "", l., ~.. /J'I", ",,',luIiJl~.' ,1,/
,ap"ad. po, el c><'nJnno d,,1 IV /1 "n""""'/" 1/1;,,-/1;,., ,Irl ,-,JI"m,,' u ,,,d,,,
>,c""ieul", o'l:i f,-"",oo, 1"" "01' limon, hl.",a u.I';'U' Una "" ~lIa, "",,,,,,d<' h;\\.,,, el "'WI-
4"" '" ""'''nu.' h...," aboJO en el <en'ro medu- ~ulo del pu"n,,, Ipmlu""rdoci.I]. <"n're el ''''~
l., del "c",belo, L. C;"" I'''''c,iot" "nc.,. <le ,'ulo 1""",I]o"",,,,,,,,,a ,e",,1 y l. bo", del Ini/>"
arriba hac'. abajo. I""",n'a un. f"'ne ante,i..- no <lel hip',~I",o I,,/{) M(J""" i"'r,,~. "millo
c"","'u,da por 'u'ta .....-.. alb . de f<>lm. " ian _ ,, 111 u,mom" dr lJ"go"ml
~"IJ')' u,," ""nc rn>IC,i',,- de ,u>lanc .. ~,i, <lo: A ,'a,k, /"'/" /~ 1" I"pu nJ<"d""UJ)' de med>!
j(>rma 'rape,,,,dal. "O" I'h.guo, Ir.n\\'c".k, a 1.'e,.1 '" ,oh",,,,.n; <1,1'1",,,,,, dd 1"1"",,1<1'"
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'" I"c Io, 'en< ...... ''C .. ' ''''a....'"' '" ....,.,,'" .n 'a .h",in","", '''' ~ ..
~1lC'OS de ""'''''',00 o.Ie! ""''1'" p;nea! ~ o.Ie
la hiJlfi<i,~, di",",ida.
el , '1\',,: por se, reMigo o.Ie
~: ~ ~ "" M M- I"'~ I ~
1,,-< ~o"dk""",,< I>olgica' ~ hidrodinmica' ~n
los 4"" ~ halla ~I "~u",,,je. f"",,,,,nl~mem. '"
U'_ ~I liquido c~",b:>e>pinal Icdalorntjui-
oo,ll""'d "I>"ne, da"" de "al, .. 011.. 0<0:
- .. I'~~d(n ,m,,,,,, pem,i'. : <.,""', el li-
~"id" <'cT~bToc,pinal I"cfa lu"a~"idcul pa,a
erecluar ""'Ji,,, blOl6;,oo> ~ bacl.nul6;ico,:
im"" J oci, ~n 1,,, espacio' ,ut....c""idro, '"S-
I.nda ' ,~ .. poi"toca, O .. 'al~"c", (r"'l"'''''''''
,m): in"od,,,,,, '""a,,,"',., de <"""'''. (a'r<.
produ<lo, "",",os U los r.y< Xl. p,rd!a ..pIo-
racin radiolilica:
- " pWH-ifm "''nI"cul",. neo.,.". ",la '<q!O-
"""ioo y "na ,.re re""" n,u)' f""Ci"", Tiene."
e'I""-"';'1. un ohFti", de nphonocin nodi,,p_
". I )'co,n<'ul,,~rdfiaJ:
- 1" 1',,,,dJII .'Nt..""''I',,,,1 ,,,,obn: el "11:" po>"
,.. ior tlcl a,la,1 ,"> tlcl<ad. tlcbido a la .,.."...
",ldad d. la nldula OOloog . No ... pr.ICtoc ....
no en cond,ciu,lC> b"." j'lm.'i",,_
26
Vascularizacin del encfala

,,~~mt"'c la_ ..... ri,., y la,

S e ""ud".r:in

.lln(.",~ del <ni,"",. ,n.. fundil'nd" ... lo> ,"am

.......... WI <re""" ..... "om<!oico ,'oaado en ..
' ...... F... decID. no . ' .... n Io .. f;lo""", <" ..."" del n:bro.""""iJ., con el 00"'''''' <k
dn:llk, .,,,,Iioso &1 ", .... bro Il"'liK""" de: W
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r"""""", id",,, l. 4"" no , ..".. cqun 11m en ning'n otm <.""
,le la OCOlM"" .
So- puInI tn:"""';"'- .,1 ! ............... "POO"
,.: el ,"."'. <Ir l. caf'lKla ,,,,eml y el .. . ,ltm.
La, an.no> lI<gan al rcbn> por la< 2 ..af,j de la arte';. ,..,n~""'1.
Jtdos inl""'''. rama> de "'fun..-""" de la caro.
lid.. n .... ';n Il'nm,"v.l : la ........,h . "",noda A. SI' to",a d ~ I~ ("~Mld~ In1 .rn~
<kll"""'" lanrroalll>no<u,ocdili,,,. la '411;." (till'. 246 y l4 7)
do de: L. "..n. r por ku l un",j,., """.Jora",
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ba,il., "'f-
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'u""o bulboponlino y lkg. al receso Ifosilall._
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ruma; " la oli'O de l. ">Mula oblung. y a 1""
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e"JI'" """.
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>"nebro!. d3 ranla< q.... "" dirigen hacia l. pan.
la!eral e inferior de la ""dul. oblooga por de-
!:>ajo do los ,.,,,,, precWenl.',
b"ilar; irrigan la ,'aTa anl io, y l.ter.1 drI
I'""nlo Il'f"OIu""F.'lCi"l. el pedoneulo <.",1It1o-
"" nI.dio y l. <n"'g<ne,. de 1", """,io, cra-
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""",io facial I VII Y VII bIS plItt.! y"""'", ''<.1-
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,0<1 ... "",,"'ron en l. cam ""crol.,<,,1 de 101
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3. ArltruU largos (fig-. 24H Y 2~). Son laI
J "lc,i., ,,~rebelo,a , quc '."'ulari"" pArlO
del frooco eneefllco.

h) P~T'''AS IPM"TI "KlA~""'l.f.s" ... <Mgi- a) A. uulHlIi II/uil". po<luior. 'NA [At.
nan "" la, c."" 13 ",1e>; de la ."eri. 1'l"OfICOl I.ri~ c . .. b.I"". inferior ! (fiS. 230, /4):

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27
Relaciones del cerebro

L '"la,hom"re .... c.""bo;I ..... ) la, ('(lInO ...

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.. f.no. r,!. 22',11. ~_". >cparI "'" II<'m"feri,,,, ....... ,l.
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~U<."., II!NI ,n~. 2791 . .\1 '- a' . ..
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In: LA CA II. A

."'3"""., de lo< hu<"", "mil"",I., Y o<dpi.

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.. mponL 1" I"""d K' '"' mi! dclJado. pon) el y 1a",...I ...
!...no ..., rubttno 0111 por d md",ulo 10mpo-
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...,...1<10 Y ~ la ~ mtdoal dc n.. """ "'. Se ""'<oroo<"<:n 3 re.,ona.:
"'"""" po<llI> DmirlCaClOOe!> <k 101lt1<'N Y La
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u pro)"Cill p;v1CIII de 1..., r""",, ,iros "",pondo 01 bulbn oIfaIOf1O:. l. I~mi"" onro-
1
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pIonocin"".1 ~ vi,o). lioo oon l. el"omo ]OpIO] qua,m:lli". y a 1_
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28
Exploracin en el ser vivo

S. ""("'k-O>,
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30
Con(guracin interna
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31
Con(tguracin interna
y sistematizacin del cerebelo

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a"",i:.J"" y cambio> de 1'O,,,,i(m que .!.ar"n J~",,,,I,,(""uro". cerebdo>oolovar). De.m Los
al ~'mlrol de l. "olun,.d . E"e eonjonh' ., r,br., ,an alllanlo (,"""'O tlcn,n,"lmir..,). 10..
<oo lrolado por e l ",,,..,hooln '1ue ,,,,,,jo en de,, la, >011 fibra, efe .. n'e, tlcl cerebelo 4"" ""'"
'acin .ob'" lo. circu II'" que .. Iacoon.n 01 el """leo dentado al ,.Iamo c<>n'mla'~r.1. Se ..
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en el """leo ' emml del tlamo. I'an. de ......
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CM.> cerebral. m,' . n ctamenl. de , rc~ln '0
f.'.ro ,amb,n .",Ie un ' ..... ,/nllo"Wwn
lel1\l" .... 1. S,~""n el lraelo '"ItIpooropnIlOO [de Inc-orubrum) Cl>oce,ad" ,~M1 el ""':,,, rubroc<;>-
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'.'mi" .... en lo, mcle", del pucnl. 11 ' ""uro El "eret...lo Ile"e pue, i"flucnci. ",b.. l.
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producen di'e"", IrJ,'om"" hipcnnc'ri. l~
2. Crntro. n 'oH:rr~b . ,,,,,,,. E" n ,iIU.d", .-k'.r c""""" del ge"n). ,cmbl..". in,cnclOflOl.
por <klr:i, de l. r"um prima dd ",bolo l,un.'O ooladooroci,,,,.iJ (iml""ibilid.d dc n",I,,~r 1P'"
primari,,. O" l. p"rtc 1"-"1",,-,I","I"'JI <1<1 """,,, . d~,n.",. mnVlmlen'", al,cro< .. , p,ucro <le ..
ferio. n\t" Lnucn"'" de 1", ,i",n" l.
32
Configuracin interna
y sistematizacin del cerebro

JIS~ .... La abtl.. lIKiI wp.

M
u C>l oo'" run<>eme la ..... l:ItICia p" y mUnculo (fi,.
S
CIaIpI
1 ~".OW:I' blanca, 1... ",u~rj" ,ri.
el c6nc" nrrlnl. los noklcoo btiaI ... Y
Eo a<l '1"" loo
(ara.
""""0$ tN la robr.u J . , , ...1/0
rnastiraco6n. Ionn~) "" .......... h'U1 en el
lo. ~li6n ...tul"'"" , La .~"" ....... hlUMtllaJ. p;. del iro .....,.......llrrontal~"'1: ....
"", 11e"" el ccnlm 0,'.1 y la regloo n>Od,. (dp- ,...,,/m. ',I ",i,,,,I>,,, '11(><";'" ocupon uno amo
"'1M) dd cen::bro. Se lo> ."udi. ""'.... a"'.n'e 1,li. "upt<: (en panicu lar k.. dt l. "''''10 Ydt
ocIln 1... fu""i"ne" q~ cad:a f". mo<1OI ona,- 1,,,. <Je<b;). en l. POIlCmcd,. Y ' UI'"'M" del 1"0
..... _'ura. ",.r",," al r el hom ....... Io con los e> kac ..
M

onib!o. ,..... "'""'" y de<lo.. ~""""'I Y \00

L SUSTANCI A GRIS , ... "'"... <lrl /rum." ,. <Ir hn ""....nrw ,"rroorrJ
.. tnC\I<ntr3OI. I ",,,,,1 <Ir] borde ... po"'" dd .....
Comptcndc untrO! ,/u,orn (mOl ores) y mi.rerio. uced.bldolo hacia ... c .....~ "",d,.l.
ctfll"" rU'I"m-r.' (~n,ibi hd..Jc:., fganos "" 1:" . mn. eke,,,,,,IOI';) ",acciono ,"""ante
"" ..",id... ) '1"" '" repanen ~n ..... ttrn",,... ....... me""", woi_. ' a uci,,,,,,jdn dt.:,nca.
oIi'I"'I"" el c6nu c.rebnl " ~r,."../I,u", lo Su de>,ruccin Iocah .........."'" . La, I""1li. i.
......,,"Y<' una dellada .'m,na de . u".....". ~"""o. Esta, manl(t:stKOIJftO ..., pro-
.... <V)'a .... peo<'" ~i m"lupI",""", por ~ dun "" ... lodo dtl cuerpo: 1.. I1bn.. qur '"
............. ~'n .. ,01f'C'UII,"'..."""'.) .... I......,bro
lIurwI<>. Su ...... ""',. '" i",imo Ctompt'<ndc (, ca-
"""""" en e ......"","'" ""'. por 1" to-,amo.
P" lula'", I.~",e IMado, de 11"10101:1" 1.
.... y bien ioo"oJ." Io,,,<I,,, lo '1'" ""rae,o';,. al
'or''-,u. "". C<trucl.,. OQflc,pondr en el
,..., f"ooltoco. l ..,u_O<bde. cOI..e ..........
""'lan.., pMquocn e indivodulk> Oo, 110m-
1ft, O<tiy~ cuyo< c.noros a.:upan WI I"g..-
)IIKIOO en la .upcrrlCie del """,bn .
UU I,IC""'''' ,n.s ,,,,"mlr.I ...111 ((""/j,,,.
tidM. fw",'"",~/,. cuyo ~ .. ..di" aR.,6mico !oC
lito a di>"nu" ",.... cuy. ""1",,"<1"'" 4d-
"""",i<,onlol~' dlre",,,,e. cnmo lo "" de_
....uaOO flrod ....... s., b" di.ode ... Iocali ...
C'OOotI """"" , y ""n,.......It'.1"1'1""'.'. <k
u~ (lenl"""') y '''11'''"''''''.
A. L.nl i... d .. _ mulris (fi,. 3110 Y317)

!t.,. ooncir""n C<'tIItn\ o/t"""~J

l. e.. /,,,, ' 1....""k i'.' Y" I~.I.r .
Cawro< pII'arndlllc romandan " .... moISClIIo\
"""0<100 de lo c." ~~.h<bd ",,1 """JJI<>. A,I '"
"",,,,,n ' l2ll ~n ,,1 ~"" p",r"nI"lldr~w"\"OI,, .
. . , .."",,1 "".,.,,1'''1'/ (mi 41,111. 31(') en "" '5. ~60" _ __
lICIo ... u'...,.o6n ....... lo <>Ir.II medo" del ttn!. fJM _ .... ~ """ " ' _ ~ _ _
... \bulo po,,,,,,,,,,"'j. Lo. ....... "" ...,..,...,. "" ~. l . . . . ' " '" _ _ _ _ _ , _
~ "~",,ndo el nq........ cI~,o <lrl."... 1 2 . . . .,. " , , _.
 .. .2
l'1g. 3,1. L<ICMt...... ....... _ . . ~.,.",. . _ _ "'"1.'0 .. _ .,." _ 1 Y 1, " ' -
...-otogo..... 2 y . _ _as . ..._ ... ' _ . 3 ..... _ . _ _ . _ _. _
.... 5, _ _ .5 .,u_1quor.a 1." ~ .toclOO< ........ i ,_~ , ' O, ..... ~
_quoca.
r ..."'.....,.......3 "",_"," ...
1' . """"''''''- ' 2, ......
_~ __
_a~'~ _ _ ' ''' ... Iib<.. ItII _ '''''''' _ llalOCl<lO .

----- -- -- ,

T'Jg.J " . IOC.' _ _ u"",_",~"""," , _~

... 3 _ _ . "'. . . - _......... _lpao-_ _ . 5.....
_ a, 7 .r.. __""""" 11,
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2 _

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...... pcI',fnca <1.'1 u""",, J.I g,m h,"'..... m"..1 lunc", dd h,p<>-
ea" ,!,,,I. 1.:0 '"''''4""e.,,,,,,,, e_ ..... u. 1>;",,,,,,,,
2, CI~'ro. d, la ",,, ... ",""" . xlr"p;rom;dul d'!e,en," 1/"""0,,<101<,,.
(O( II,id"d r,,-nu,l"n', AC " ,. dad d" "onual",.
... ,""." ,")n cI,..,,,,tock... F.,,:In d"I"""'" en l. 1. , ,~" ud,,I,... !'ic h;rll. en el ~'''' '."'1'"
"'PO" "" del ""ebro) cuhrcn un ."0"".'
k' ..1 '''1''''_11' ,',,,,un"oI,,,,on lemporr.ll ..... d
..-;., C<"'.....1 'K~'i del '""''Jun'o de l. run...,~ buRle mfC110f del ..... '" 1""""_ dd """" 1... .
_"'). Lo> I""'nc'p;lk, ...<n' .... pI' lId.n,< r.llci....,'" de S,I ...,I ) ... el ,"""O, d.: e',.. ...
do:! ire. ~ Ima., prrl ... u.k, /) ~) MI el "'orl," 01 op.'n:ulo ' '''' ..... ~II''''''''ulu .n(cne"l .Id k,.
jIIIf1<taI "'I""rklf (i",., prrf..... (".Ic,
M,. en ""10 <lo l. ,......1. \.ire. ~ I).
ri C'ft<., p,,,,e,al "'1"'"'" 1:1 ..... , 3 ) 71 ) en el
ron., 'cmf""""1 ({"'o 21 l. .... a ,1<: p""od.
Id .l. ,~" ";, u,,1 IInnk. 01 , ,,re,, ,"',~n""
"oc,n '""''''''''1'6111'''.,
ti" fibr-~, If."-;"u l,, <1" .kl l<lb. ,,,'cip"a l 4:1",. 17): . I""J...... " ,Id '"1\'1'
n", ~ Mc)""" l. "-,, . , '",a, <"'.,"" "" fibra' '" ""1"""''' 1"" ....",,,,, "II"IlJl>'4U""" "" "....
"'" d,lc", ... e., ,"1M"" ,ut.:,.."C"~It-, lid ,",en"" , " .....1110 <l.' 1", ,,jo,.,,,, 1"''''''''''''' 1"" la, '<'"
."n",r..,,,dll n",rpo) .""ad". IX",ock., nY .,;oci,,,,,,, II"",k")
<Itoo. I""P'''' dd 1""".......d.loro. A clk", 11.
.... ,b.i., ......""'........ """,
""",,,,,,,,on.le la "",."...<1"".
<""""od., <k' l. ~
la f"II\<
,e,.... ~""ajl.... Se :><1'''11'' 4'.' ~""... ~A
,"(r,,,,,.Ie la I"......"('n . ... t 11""'1>1~t ..
.... nd..~'1l"1
l. C.wm,, <N"~ I"'".JaMgi,,,., In"""",",,,,,,
ronjug"''''' de la ,. "",. ) J.. 1.., "",,,. F."Jn 1). 1..." .. li'....,k"'L'" p.Mj~;"""
liI""",,, en 01 p'" lid ~"" ,,,.,,,,1 ,.... >d",'"
1,,'
,lIftlIo fmn'all IA",o 111. ) en d li", ,",, ~"I., t;" a, k>oh"..,,,,,,,, "'" J,r",ik_ J.. 1""-'''''
(pi .."", "u"") I..a-. libo-... 'l"" p;II1 .... de eI~ .... ) '" han ... en ,'"ud", !kfun tkln_ '" put<k
COR>IMU)m fH'<". ~ ... 10 un:r ,a """ni ......... J""nfu,,,
JI'<1Id""'' ' de 10 r. !,m,,,,~lal
1 ..." d~1 .",~~".., ~""I"""I I;_1f~8 Ik ,,'
"'..,"', . "', .. n'a ,'n la ,.~." p;"'<lnW"I~>
,,"". e, P'" 1.
""in <"O" .I1' u ,J a, "''' , ,,,,..,,., """'1"'" ",
..... ~ j"'Hkn en u... ' ,-a'<~or,., ' '''''' KIII.k. 1. ,.." d~ '" pn,.;, iJ. ! d~ 1" I/".""j.,., .
F.n la p;u1C ""' ....... de ..... ~"')'I f"",,,,Ieo..up<
1 .4 ..... "' .....fI.n ,' ;f;' ... ,pcn...,,,, ..irt ,.."" ...." )" " ....10...
""""'~ "--li ",wd:a ni la pan. _eml< <lrl ,~ ,.
,. "","~~f'U/ 1f'.m~,,,1 "" ~",I<''''~I L..... "rn_ l , ..... d~ "', . ..""""" . F.n d , ..,,,,, (If<
In.>< llenen 13 nH''''' ""1"''''''\'' ,,,,,,,~ni! h~ ,,,,,,,.1) 'alltb"'"." el I"too 1~""u"""' ..."",1
'fI'O k>, n,,,,, "KM""', en el ~,rn p,c<c", ml 1"""",,...
II"""al a""'n<l"n'cl
~. , ff~ d~ la "'~""',;.,. En ,.., ~"'" 1"'"''''
2. ,~" .a"''''fll",q~j~" ,,,.b (l1 ,,n <Ir l~ ."loc""",'1 "''''por.'''' . " cm< , ul"""" ,,"'.
............ ~ ,~.>bJ<'tu) . "--l. ,,,,,>lb en l. >;Ine d",~ ' nfe .....
~,..., f''''' ~ ..,,~f If"",~",1 "" '~,,,
.""",
pooacnor dd

l. ru ."",..,..Mlra ,"""O,""'""."n'" dd <b- U b.,,,,bo,: ..... C'1""'l"' meollO"" ~ ,,"- "'"

..... p<f<"i hi<.~, por ,~." ... ",). b,l ,,,",,,,,, al "'" ,ud" . a'; <","" 1''''
","di" d< p.labra, 4ur
<Ir lo> d", llml".. 1~lIk,,,I, , "1~" M ' ~ /lrf,""'~' ,'''''' 'IU )'e" el ",n~"~)l' artK'ulad<,,, c ....'"'Io
',,, ...,
,.", un ... ~,. I~"'".,,,I,, ,m'm1"'.>/U'"'''''/
Cu,,,,, d,II'.~ ..Qfr "". ,,IQdo h'J"
(. I........,.an...ne,. _",,ole> "" <1 pl<' .... ,'", frun,al mf",,,,, ,,/.u.,ilo 1.1'
Icc""",, """ro""") c,"'''''.'oI''''......
(n"",,1 llifu,"",.!al ("" ,,,, d",,

"" """,r.",,.. "","", .

lt.Ia, ...., .'100'"","' """
'''''1: e. e. """Ir"
de Ik ...... Su d"." ...,,, '"
~'" .. ufu,,,, t " "I"I>,b,11llaJ d<- haN ... 1
po"d ,e,,'",. A4ui '" 'e, "d an ,," M lle,
.",,,,.,al.,.
FIg. 311. Lac8lil:8C'II"''' _ _ ~ do bs """""" do (11 . ,..... 1."....,0 do 1& ......."... 2. _
ele .. ogor.fia: 3. """,,o do lo _ ..... <t>aI; ' . """'0 do .. ..,..".,.. _ .

en el pie dd giro fron'a) m<:dio 12"' e,reunvol,,-
COf'I r"''''all. S" <lemucc ...... ,"",i,. la allrufia.
1:"", ccnl"'" e"in unidos al,,, o-.:nI"", d< las
Ji,'~"""> pereepc'one;" (:klil. audil;' . ,i.ual)
~uY' deslru<:<:in puede ,,.,,,i'ar la afa,i.: ",,{ ""
habl. "'" ,,,,de,a ve,hal (d".<I(,"o";oo <lel rea
""diop,iq"ie.) o de ceguera ,.,bal (doMruc
"i60 del 're. v",,,,,,,,qu;ea).
.". t:~n tml "~~",at in"
I;nl< (fill>_ 3 19 Y320): ""t.ri"r. p"<tcroor I~
vinar). ,nlemo Im<:dial) y e"emo (101.",1). Sr
<leben .""di., la, mn",;"",,' <le cada ul'lO.1
dios ""ru .n ",tr>i>I.n ,nleorogant..; se ~
te en ""n",ular oc d mide<> medial. la
do<!.al <lel ncleo la' .....1 y el pulY'1IaI" "'" cm-
'01'1''''''0
' ''''' <k de la, vfas <le ~soci""i6n ....
los di"i"!o, territorio, d.1 ,i"em a ne'"
cenlral y de 1.., vi .. ve;c ,. , iva., S. <le>en"\lo
"'I,,{ lo 4C se C,.";de,,, deno:

A !" ... ro. \a vid, vegel.tlva .",

fuera del
"''''lrol .1<:\ en., ce",bral. La, "c"',U<'i"M<
\"8""tims ""'<rita. en cilobo limbico y.n el
'rea o((.'oria >Or\ qui d solan",n,. ""'a<
de per-
<"I'... ,n .. de e",orin ligada, 1", c""'",, ve
~", ta1ivo, ,,,bo.!mi.os.
l . C""tX;OIIts ",tT~nus (f'g. 321 ,
a) NL'<."Lt:<I A~ ,t:M' O K : 14 unido a 1",
brcul"" m.milare l del hipo,lamo ro'
1!':K" US ,"amilOlalmicos y .. inleg", al cm-
'o de! """"""f,(o ""n'id" <lel "If.,o),

Nue /.E / RASM." S, I'NA b) ,,"unt:n 1.A"' ~ .A l . : e, c! m;l< vol"mi

(N,icl..", ...,ntr. les del ..., ,..,br ,,1 se lo puede di,id;r.n rnickus donol y,
El """leo "en ,ral la,cral (e" cmol o v<n!
,\ . t: ..nstihw:i6n ~nat "' '''a ....1c"",,prende 1,.., porci""",,:
y c .....,x; .. ","" d el l ~ l a", .. _ al"";"" COI>OctOOa al cucopo e"n..oo:
_ m~dil,/' re"be 1., fibra, ncoccrebe
L. '''>llIII<"i. gm con,ie"" 'a",bifn 'o">l ....d. (I""'!O .knl.)ffil"",~al;lmico):
",,,,,,,IOOa y ''''lar .. .. hl"",. (albo 1: "'la forma _ po.<lU'or: rttibe la, fibl"'oIS <!t( tr.>elO
do, lmina, m.,lula",'. ,,"" I"'eral 1.,,<m, 1 noI.lmico dorsal y <lel I". /emni.m "leinu
I"'rof",-. y 01'" ",edi . 1 limemal bif"",OOa ha Re,ll. enn"""ido por el 11"'...1" .,p'I1<>1.I>m'
ci ...,.,ba. b l.:l lllma ai,la l'uall" noJelros d,,- .'enlral (",n,ibilid.dc, !,,,,,,,alon s. 3i.l.
 ,

con.
Flg. 320. Cotls~rt.oci<t<> """""""'" r< ~a ... ,
1ron~,_-.coo.Nud>& 1._,.1.2_
,
IroI_"'. 3,~",m""",' " ~

" ~, C,m o:""" ~fnen'" II'g __\~I I . V.n

fIIJ. lID. <;on.",~n ~nal_OC/I CIO'II~IItm<>. V.. t~
",,,b,,,,,,,
e."-,,. .. iallll< .. tc al r"", por l . ,'(~ ',"""
_ . ~ _~ 1. t>uCIeO ""'m ...,
2 . ....,..., E",,,, 1", ,c""""". ('ol1leab pa,."""I,,nll""'"
_"; 3. JI<II ...... ,. c _ l18"iwI_ l.tOtal. 5. ""I",n,,,,,", '1 ... ,-,';;n un"~,, .1 ,.lal1'''. ,\('!>.."
CI#PO ~ _ . 6 Y 7, <:<>8<vIo. """"", Y "",,,,,1.,,,,: 01 ~"" !"".:rn'.. ' ICI""um',,hl<'~'"
..--..,8 , ~"""", medio I',,,",,'a l "","",kn'ol l." "",bil"hl ,x~'''''''Ulcl)
d d",,,, n""I"r.. " .. dal I"'~I(," "''''''''''-dll 4""
"",,1>0 r.1lr.., ,le ""gen <'C,d'<.'!'Nl.
.". ",gi<ln e l ",d," "r~"r"d" q"e ",,,,h;.,
fi - 1'.:", ," , Ien rf.",mo, ,,,I~,,,,,o, 4\1< ,"",hi<'1l
tn, del """~) '" g.<""'M' I""ro 'lb. lo dOKl ,k la l -a "." al coc'P" <'Ir,aoJn. a l. fOg.oo ;"I",,,IoI>,,k>-
.. f ,le b c>!>e,.). tu",""""" (en 1~",k"l"r I~" <1 I"",kuk, ",boa _

Con.",,,,,,,,. del l.'"

fIo. 321 .
neoce<_
..,. En rojo, lo v;,
..
_ En /UtJI,
_la. _ ".s """"",.... y
dItIWamo
OM . "",.01 mO<l;al DL, de< . . 1
"
1It","I, ~ A . """l oO on1O "0',
IV. ve ... IOO.""", " , , _ , ~l~ .
_100.,.,.1 mo<t~ . VlP . 'e"

'*_ _leS
posle,lor; P
1'OIa""~ pul ...... ,
CGL. CGM """"pos ge nlCUlo
<loo latoral , ..-..l. 1
(j,ea 111). 2. M<lren_
..... 01 <:r! o,U _ _ I; 3,
_ _ 1>aa.o. 01 cone, _ "'
...... 01,,_ '-Ialamicos,
$ , 6, ~ el<l', ,"" , alo
.... 1. con 10$ "u"_po' 1.I<,a
0100. 7 , "'"",,0 ~,"01.I.vnoco . 8,
b&sgu'laWas, 9, l,acIO __
~. IO.Ier<nsco-'
"""" 00 RoIt _1: 11 . tobra
do! """'"' "1Qom'no, 12, Ifac\O
/IpIoo>: , 3. , ~ ilUdiIW. "

....
!O, Itmnio<;< 10"'01 le,nl. do
RoiIl.,orall . 15 , ,adlae;on
1:\"""" <1" h,.cI nu,"<luJ: .1 ,.. 1"",,, ,~''''''''' 1.. <,"llnl<n~' 1 ,t... ",,,) ""un>: d 1"""'IIt'~:)
,,,,,,,,,,,,..-. Ibl;o"".I) ) l. "1,, . tk- l. "''''lub ,~" ",~n"-"n',,, ",J, pal<<I,,,; .~I"",,, ".,I,dN>"'"
obIt",S. (".~",. ... " del ",."'...."ff.I"I, pa'''''''' 1"-" l., do.,. l.inll"'" "Jt<lul..-", """'"
X ul><,-.....nc el _"""1"",,, ... '" ~" .so. ) 1,o1Or,!. la, '1"" 1'<",,'1<'n ...".."" el 1utN>. ...
eUef!"" ,.,"", ul:.<1<" de 1", cuole, d ,n'emo lu~, I,,'m" y ,,1 ~/,""', ".lul,,,,,,,lIol
("la, .",1"" .', n"""," tt km"i",,, b,<r.lleml'
de Ik,1 )~'''r;J II) u,'" d t:\I.",,, ..1colocul" "fe " ~. C""u;",,~. J~' ru'Tf'" ,U"/JJ". El ""'.
"'" Itubl",.lu "u.d",tnuno 1""'0"0'1 ) el 1'" ~,1n",I" l.'"'''''")''' un ,N,I,,,, ""!I"" p" ....
c....rpo ,.,,,,,,,,Iodo n',,"", l'''' t.p"'a,' '1'" ,,, ', , A 1'<"" <k ~,la ...""""'". ~ ....... ' ...
< ,ti< '" ",orlO 6p"eo) '" pro)"'t. h..,. el .... , .fe,"",....
,'611'" ,,.., ,p,tal. 111>0-., Ir,Io;oo........,1 (,p..,-.. , Id<
G,"," ~<" al \ ," ,,,'n, ~ , . " p,m 'e ...." ",1 '.1 ....
El ,,,b,, ~, ", _"n'., una <"",,,1<, ,k
'1"""':< '.;u' UJIIoc,,,,,,",,) f""K"o"1 ,' uorpo ."n....
l:L, ',a, """,,,ce,, """""r.."",lalo'. ,lo la, ,fa, ~" "n""" ron 1", 'r""'", "n,,",,"'" ) ""_
""""!\ a,. de la, 'b 6poor.o, y de .. , r. "If'l<- "" Ta",btfn I'f'''''''dell dol et' c. Ic,,"1oon-
' . , f., ni fin 1M! 111,,, H,"''''''"''. 'n"","" . Po.- ul11"\o <"-'lO" r"....
",,,,,11,. U""" .1
" ur
'''''"P. """...
nlk..,o nud:HJ<J al 1""-"
11. t:"",lil".lUn ~n"t"",k~,' c<w.nl' M''''' "''''',. A, f ..... <,..-""n1r~n <""""",<10,, ""'" <No
dol ,',,,,rpu .Slri~d" III~. )!21 Jun"" fuo"",,,,,lc,: el e,,,i,,,I,, " 'Ir''''.,mlJd/l
4'.' ~"I>r.'odr d ",.d"" caud.d" coo ,,1 roa-
1 Cu".",,,,;,n, "'''''';'''''''': "In!, ",I......,,,,,,do..,...
y d ".",J., 'o (Un",",,"
de .... "'-"El ....... ,,, IIJt<l I<, <lrl ro...-"" 1mI_
.) S" O." ... ""~ " e'o;; "" """,h, u" ,- 1... I.n ,,,"'UC". <'>IJ ""'''''U",,-, de ",,, 1""'<'"
<;'""'''1<1''''' ,,,,,"OCI, ~r" . el IJu' .. ",,,,,. el ~I"IJ" p;llioo 1.'~r.. 1 ) d IIoho
p;lli<lo ",,-.Jial. "par",,,,, f'''' la , lo,,""-, .........
b\ :-." l .' ," ' .' ;"'" !.IN: d"" 1."",,(1)., de 1,0 .... , "Jt<li.1 Y 1.,,c. 1.
,,,,,.OC bI"""" ,""",,u, .... nor.ol"K'"'" .f,_ La ""em:."'><' .... ""ra. f'U <'; ~1 ,..,,--.
l." I"""'~ dc '''''.'''''a ~n" un "'I-",,-"n'o ji"'",,, .frum~ " 1'<'" ........ dd c<lnc, .......ton!

f".... 322. CoN. ....... /MIl " - _ _

o <:<>no "" _ _ 2. " _ <:aIIII-

. ___._
<10; 3. 1l1li..... . . ........., "'" " " " _ ~
'"ocio"OIonI_: fi, ... _.....-, 7. pO-
. ""'''' l . ....11"- En ~/UO _
_._r~
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QIOW!Io . ,._ _
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arma. 11. \'ISla _""""'*'"
:'.
<lo
~.
IDo ~ ..lriadoro peo1 ~ derochD. 1. Wamo: 2. rIUCIoc
<U&tl>O "'" ""'*'~; 5. cola CI8I _ caucIaOO: 6,6'.
~.

~ <lo vnoOn .... '. el _ ..... """" , lo ,-,a <101 nocIooo _ : 1. brazo an'_ <loo lo c.lpoula .,.
1On'I&, B. brazO POS"''''' <10 lo ~ "tema, !l ....".., an-ogcIa_.
l . f ibrM J~ proJ"""~d,,. Oc"p,," la ''''''''''
rtJdiu'u 'r"d""u/: <.o" fibr~". proyCC':ln
1101 ce"lro .."" ""al de los l>emisfe,,,,,, cerebn-
k . E"i ""n"i,,,ida por fihFU' ,-,,"'fjMXa.' "
dr'Unl/""'~. (n,,,,roce,). tamb,n de>lMnaJ
f,,,,", y fih"" ""o",,,,. " ""-,."d,.,,,n
("""i1v"" y .."",r,ak,). I"",hl" 1100100"" re-
o:q>Ior". De 1>-, (ohn" de",."de"'., . I~""a'
unrn el <00" , al tlam" " .1 c""'r'JlO Inado:
OIr ale,,,,,,,," la rego" ,uNal:! ""c. pa udo ,-radrnlr' a 1", ""'/ros ",olor" de 1"" nervio.
por 1:0 ca!"ul. m'ema n por ,leboJO del "Pelen
lenIifon"" ,in de'.ncrst.n los "ocle<" basales
Isrise, cenlNle,l .
B. C'psu la inle,.na
un. 101m"," d., ,",tanda alt>.. e,pe;a. 4UC
,""ubro: la ""I""rl",,-,,. n",dial inferior y """'<r>Or
0101 nocle<, len'ifom>< : " rara el ,lamo y el no
01"" caudadu de "soc. Es una vla de I",-",je al r~
.. ..,.;l. 1"" "ome,""" f.",kulos ..",e nde me,.
oIo ...-cOOo..",,'<' y 'r"",,,c, ,,,,. Comprende 5 sog_
mentos: 01 hnL" amero"t. l. rodilla. el bN'"
p<lS'ori<lr. el ",~men!" tct,,,lentif,,,me y el ..g-
mon,,, ,,,blcn,iformo (visible ""I..... nto <n loo;
cone. r"""a(e'l.
l . Br,,~u "nl~riur, En <'1 ,e <nOuen"."
1", 'rae"" in'ere'triad"", la, liboa, 'cnop"""
pn ,i" a, Ifa"... "lo de T ~rd-M cyn<nl: , un
mo"ice, y 1,. r.>diacionc~ .. !rnica, ,.,n ' "'C'
roorO' .
2. Nadilla. I'or dla p"""-' el 'r"",'o ><ti""nu
ele", ("kmi,,) del [o.,d<,,,/,, X"" , JIIldv que uno
el Xlro I'rramm/,".,.Jln"'lri'" [mnloll ".' -
Onu"''''''''.
3. Br"UJ "",url",. Por ~, t ~ 1""" ,1 IruClo
I',com,da/ (oorticopoduncula, ), vi. m"'", vn
luntaria del 1""""0 y de 1", m,embros.
4 . S.g ,.u nlu rdro/,nlif"""'. En ti >c .n-
<""ntr"", fit>r., ..""".iab pwvcnicn' c.' de 1",
Cut""", g~ni. "lado> latonll .. 4"" ,,'" al c6nn
occ ipita l.
~ . S~g"."tI" ' /lb/,,,,V_,_
Pur <'1 po"'" la,
tibf"'~ "d,,, ..,,.
pro"enien,,,. del <oc'!'" eni_
cu lado medial . 1., c .. ale. "" d,rigen 01 en",
'<mpura!.
33
Grandes vas de conduccin
en el sistema nervioso central
[vas de conduccin del neuroeje]

e (\m[>l\'",l<>n:

c~"lrifog;".
,'id_' "",,,.
, pan" Jo lo,
el', _on dc"'c,,dcnIC'.
, '~II"'", ~f",I"r, .,.
,co,,,,I. 1-", ""uruno> .. I.-.plan la ,I;,p''''o;,;" de
U" h""'.''''' ul., r"" lu' pe. h....io omba I,r..
,e Locali,.<"iOl,e, co,ebr.,le, lfi~ ..11~1 .....
'1". 'o" 1", ~cncr.Mi()rc' ,Id Innuj<) nk~("- pa,. ~u,"d" 1'" ,'cnlr", c<>"icomcdula"" para el
lo,. m"-'ul"" e""ad,,,, '1'01"'0 Y lo> "H"mbro.' '" <1"""",,"",
.i,~
"'"
- 1'1,,_\ """';'11'<1> l' "''''''Q,.,,,/~.'' ee,mi",,- mucho lOa. allos 'Iu, lo> """'ros rono~
u,. n><~n ,1<; la """ter;a y P""",,~"'.n " 1", larc, de,unado, " lo nb<>.a. La "'e""ion.u
u,,"'" r...'rl""rr, ,oJa da'" <le- ""0,,""";00. ....a 4 .,I e" ",1"",,,,, ron 1000. lo. '<lM"" ~
cel"""" ",,,,iuv,,, ) ",,,,ori,I.< a, ,<:>roo c..
1. F,\ ~CUI .I ISI \' i ,\ SI ~lI rrmtES 1", Ira,",". n"".:rrd."'",,, dolll04"lalllOtoru"oI
I",m""i ..cin de 1", m,,,.;me"''',1 j' ,un.1
Se J,,',,'~ucn ''''' """1,.,,/,,,-{dm/I,jmnma ~"'. I""ln...".1. '1"" ""ja "n. ,"',,, psi...""",n:.
I"Mlde la mOlm"id>d ""Iun'arial. migin:Mk" en eu)-. infi""oci. """" inhib,dorn" roc,lna<kn.
el ,-611", , ....<'1",,1) ,u)'a ,j"r<>'''' ,n 1" b"l''''
lO 'u"r"" ) k" .",,, "lo, /\1",{ ,-"r"/,;,,,,,,;- U. T'OI<I "''' fib l"3' ,..,rlic""spina lts
,{"Ir, Ide 1.1 "'''Ir''-'''"d "",otuman. ) <k' la {..... d"ta. .. l llrt>" '" ~' mi,'mb. ",)
"(~",hn:K',,nl 4UC ". ,,,,~inan de lo, ccnlro' (fi~ . .\2ti
,"1><",,,<.1<,. E"", f."k. lo, Impli,'. " una
p,n,df"",i!1 ce,,''''''''''
p,:ro 'amh",,, ,"flmie-
""n lit>r~, dd cnn: ".k, e"" ori~;na 'u n _
1. I'ri,,,~ ,o II. urona. 1.<" """"', ,le 1.., c--
lul,,-, pir.. mid.k:>. c."cndi<l<" C"TI " han;"" en '"
orema ""'''I,kJ,dail. ."ig~". ,'u,,'-er~"" ahaJ" )' "",d;al"'<"1< f..
In"'''~' l. ,,",'"a ",h",", L", u.""c, <le ......
L !'AscicULO I'I ~A~U[)AL IvfAS I'nmm, "e,,,,mu ,,~""''' el ,igu",n'. 'ra)'.'lIr.
PI ~A~II[)A LES 1u" .... nddad ,.,Iu",."al la, r,t>r.. , e",,"" J>l'""".o.1 ,...,,,Ir,,
"",,10"011
'" "'o"e" ." la pane f""'''''''' dd br,uo ""'<-
5<. h" <I""~n,, a, f"'''I')<' '" ,>ligIO,,, en la, ,i,,,- ,1" b p.' '''' ",r~m".
,Hu/".' ~,g,,"'n 1"""",,1,,1,',\. tlcl '"r'r~ ,'ere_
oc,1. Son' >., ,1II,pk,: >n J,,, ".uron.. ""la a 1 E ~ L ' . "', '''' , ~"' r . ~ ,,, "" dlSponon. de
"",me: la pr", ... r~ TI"U"~" e"; ,." el d,,,,,,)' b "d.:bn,e hada atrs. la, flbr." Jd 1l,,~mM> "".
"'~,,"Ja "",un,," "" ,'.:u,"lr. ,'" 1,,, ,'u"m", p<,i",. la, dd "On," )' pu, ltim" la, del
""'er,,,,-t'.k la ",,'dula y e" l." ".:k", m..,"" mle"'bro ",I'enor.
n" ''-''''01"',,, ,1<: 1,,, "",,;u' tr."""I.,, <k <k~,.
,1<- le""",",. " ["mi, <le U" ung"" c""kal ,u hl EN >:lo ~';", Nn ' ." n ;RF. " '~: 'e ,,,...
mn, <1<" "'."'"I'e,,'e, <1<' m"", nK.m"" t",,, en la b;,,,, dd pedu","ul" ,"n-br-al 1"-'" Jelanoc y
" .....d"Ioo". y ,'011",,-,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,. 1.,~rJI ~ la ."'Ia,,," ""~'" [1",,", t,,~e'l, A~
"""'>.1. 1'<'<-00, ." " ~' ... ')nlraJ,:oo. en're lo, ,....,.
1,,, ,'on;,m,ud.""" ",.<1,,1., Ifo""'k,,lo ~'<11'.
"ul:otlol y 1", eo,u>J>n';co, 1r".,eulo <lo:
1... , nt>r", '" ""~"'"" <"
la, ~rdn.k, ...'Iu la,
p,r"",,,I,b ,1<: la ,'"ne/, ,..."d"...1 ,101 . "." w,
l 'i1,,, ~ ~k)',,,,n 11",,,rJI""'1I1<.

,,-lIIml Inn u"...,/", ;,i" lru"',, u," ~,,'"""'I 01 .:~ .:1. r' ~ ro; U'Mon ~ U .' ~ L"I~: 13> f~
,;\re. 41) "" la 1"''''' ,ul"""" dd lhuln I"'r.- hrn, .... "",,,,a,,, la li,,,," ""-Ji,,,, pa," ""01,,,,,
 G .. n<J", ." de conducc_ en '" " ..""'. neno.ooo <..."nl j i I

"""1'''~1o la 1""1" wmrdl ""L puen'e;. e>te ni

,,1 es,." di"""ado> ro< 1" fibrd' ponl""""'''''-
"" t:,,,
di LA " ' .111 1..' "~ I ."'"'' ~''''''IIu)"cn
""""menle <1< ... fa",klll", bien d,fe,...nClado,
qtIt "" re'gTup;m en la I'mm"le dr ," ",MI<I"
ohl"~R": "" 1" pa". in fenor de la mdula
obl"n~a. e,,,,, f.",;,ul", ,e di'ld.n "" du>
ttarlo>: el coni"oc'pin,1 "cn ,,,,1 Ifa"'tCulo pi-
"",1d,1 d,,101 y el """i,oc>pin.llalerdllfa,.
';tulo p,ra,,,,,bl elU,""" ]. El f.,..iculo <"",-
"""pinal la'eral..1 c"'"a< la 1,,,,,, "led"", . da
Iu~., a 1.Idc<:u"",in pira",Odall: e>t. (a",ku-
"' .. m, importante '1",. el pir.mi<bl d,,,,,c,o.
En l. parte ",feri", de la ","dula oblong . '"
diferencian k" ,k", Ir>e'o,: ,MI''''',!,,,'''1 ""n_
tr;ollf.".. ;C" I" plramid.1 din."CI,,1 )" el cort",,,,,,-
rMn.llateral]fa".. kul" I'lrd""dal ,ru/,adoj.

e) E .. L\ ' ''.IR ' ... , el '",,"o 0<"''''''''1'",,1

I""ml Ip"an"".1 eru/.aJul '" en,'u~"'''' en el
~ >o,,i,... por ,!eIr, ,kl tr.o:lo Ifa",ku-
101 rubroe-'plndl y "",di,l",enle al Ir....'" c.pi _
""".",bel"", ro"''''''" 1fa><:ieulo ,,'pitlO<.cl\bc-
Iow don....,. <1<. Fk<'h"~I: el '/.\o r, "1,, 1'""",,;.
001 ,jjn'''''' '" >i'ua en d ,-""In a"'~",,,. ",e-
dial . la cmC'l'en<',,, de Id rJi/. p",.1 anl<ri",.
A "" el d,' "ad" ,",cl",o",. 1", ."",e, de
.. h" 'r.>elos. '1"'" IN' IN'" ~/<" 'IN'kl" H"',,"''' , '".
"".,.";,, ,I.;,},- ,,, ""j~~" '"01',,,,,1. II~.~"" ,,1 ,.",r
"j),mi",,,, ,,," 1" mM"I" . "" ""'O,,, dd ,O
Ir...
"or1",oc,pinal 1.'~r~ 1 IpirJmidal e",,"""1 <lI<".
J"n del mi""" IaJo. )' los "'010'" ,kl lm"hl
c"lI1k'''''p,nal "cnlrJI '''Ulan Id I,,"'a ",,-J,. por FIII. 326. y,,,. """"'... " OI.",,~,~ """""",",/j.
lo ''Mni.ura ~Ian,."a anle"'" I"'rJ lIepr al ,,,,a ,~ ,._ """n"'lai9a <le! . ," (1' """""""1: 2.
,,'c,"''' Je l lado .. pue,,,,. A.<I. I"A,., 1", '1\""".' tasciC\.Oo "".~, "" 01 p<I<Iu",,," ...... 3. <:lo.
Jr 11, lll 1"1<"",,&,1.'"'' rr"=,,,Iu. ,'" .." <11 1" cusaa<>n IObar <:101 "acto OYI~ ........ Itas
""",,1,, r'',,,,~,,,, .'~ 1" ",<'<{"I" cleulo p;.amlca' ","u',"",I:' "acto <OOi<;otIop<nal
""ntra! II"'culo ",,_1 "'Il><101 S. """,no.,,.
lior ""la mold<Jla (2' _ '''''''); &. "acto OYIicoespi
2. S'KU"d" ""'rima. El eu0'l'" ,'dular c,'~ n.I "' .....1
en .. 1 e,,,,,",, .nl,,i,,.. ,\,,' la mdula. Su, ,1<000n_
1:.., I\',ibe" el """'","" de lo> """.... , <k la pri_
mera ""umm. Su ",,'in '" """,,1t1C<' rtl la miL en 1,,, n""k", mmu"" .k 1,,, '1<""'"'' ,r~,,~a_
,nle"o, }' IU"go en el "e" ' lo e>p",al. 4Ue 1" 1.. ,. Ella, prt""",,,,,,,, ,le la I""k infenor ""1 gIro>
""oou<:c al "u",ul" 'Xl""'P""''''''''''. pre.:.. nl mllf",,, .. 1 "'teooen'el. JOII"" So.: en_
1-'1> I."on,,, de c.'''' v," u,.."o.!>n I"'rlt ,,,: e,""",r"" "" "<""..,, "I<>Ion:> "" la ,-.be/~) ,kl
arrib;t del buloo. p",J""cn I,rllll/'Cjj" d<""l lado eudl" ,d """~, ,1<1 gIro froo 'al nl<"<li" 1m" n
op a""o: ni,.1 de 1. m<"llIla. l. pa"U,,,> ", " p.n" d~ 1,.. con"", ""ulocef~l~",,<. Lo>
ull1l~le ~,1 (h<"Il"pk:ja, u n""">ple/,a,) o b,I",,- a",,,,,,
,,,r,,,j.,,,,, el <",,"'m
",,,,,,,,,1) '" ,""_
...1 I,"'.drirlrj;a, o p'''"plej,,'I. otrJn lamh~'n "n b dfl'llla ""c,,,.

(-. t'ihra' l' ;'''1ro.. ,ir"n ~d, ..."",
Ira","u l" ~"n k"lado l (fi, ..1111
b,~~ C"""llu,d", 1"" a,,,o,,, de "" ","IIro'"
na, 01<-1 ene, cerebral 4"" '''' lm",n.n
n~~ ......J'
", o:N' "
1 t:, I , . .....<I 'U la, 111m" ...r
.. io,", ,,"upan 'u ,,,,1,11,, 1"" ,lola",. d< 1,,,
Ir.... I'" ","",,,,,l<"<Iol,,e_. La., fibr..., mnic,,"u _
,Ieare_ 11:''''''"I" genicul:ldn l_ "" d,i~,'" ",."",
"'l". h"",a "b;tJO ~ nk'<li"ln"""<"l"'m IIc~ar.1


h) TM "~<;U I,~CHAI,"'''. donde ' . ," vi la, 4"" ""'''' .. e" juqiO. med,a"'e ,"""',......
de .,,: me",>." "cu,ona. Su u r .... eri,,,,,a ~""'"" ..
- IIRO pafl~ u",u"" que "".. pa Lo >;me ,lI- q"" en ella. ""ni,.."" ,1 r" ~/,,. fl""" lid
le ....... del pe <lel pedIlr.:ulu .c",br,1. s... fillf"" ""u,lIbn", "" la coonl'''...... 1n de kI>c ,,',,_
de.",~nd<n .1 pCnte y .. upandcn <.. II en 1'" Y ""1 lono mu",ul ... ~ d,>I,~ .... rio
r....................1 akanandD . ._ ... r,unctlI ..", COfI"",,1 Y do;. "".,....".. ...........
""" ...... de .... nef'\' IO>: Illttmino. f..""l. ,1<>0.0.
f";IIJe'>_ otte>uo<Il.,..,.nolje IlIpo ...... lm .
)Wl dclladi, 0f"H'' ' '.
- ul\ll P''''~ "'>sr"',,,. q... .., ",U.
en Lo "'. I~,,'" . n Juc I " 6 neu,on a cm'(iAu .....
101. podulICular, por <!tIa .. ,. <lrl P'" km .. ",co
medial Id",o <le Iki l medial . C"'''IIIU)'I' el (1<1"
""'" de 01"" m un ""yot"I" muy C<>n'pllCodo;
I~~,n is.." I~ -{'I"~I,, y ,epre><:nla l. 1'1<1 (}f ' ul<x '~' t. " rlmuo n~u",no reorljr",...~';""I. N.ot
uMIJofll. su. ribnb ,,'" a 1", nd."" """,,"" del I"U lc"'f"'<al 'noNKJ y deJ "'nlponol inferior
del bul"" .>cular (,.."v.o O<lIlo/nOlo<. nervio 12' y J' c,n:un.o!ucOO1lCS "mponok'll"'" 2IJ
In>Clcar y neo,,, aWuce ......,r <01110' "'" nol_ P''';II dar ..neo" .1 f"",icu~) rorIICOJ'on...... ':"
cleQ. medula"" del"" ..... '" ""ce"",o. Su, fi- " PO'" P<l< t. fIi"1C' . ubIcnI."",lor de La dpoIII
bo" I<lmbon """ .ru.ada,. iN..... Y 1""... por lo pone w<nJ del poo di!
I\>r lo lMIO. ,.,.", ,... fi"''''
tu ,.,., c.... pedUni:ulo cen:bnl. Tmtl''''' ~" /,.. ~ ....""" ~
rtHI ...."', w.,.}oj~".JOfr m:uJtu ,.-~1 '

2. FASCiCUI.OS IViAS) l. S~." ~d.. ~u,., ... ("""'"cr".,/,,..~

EXTR APIR AMtDAlES De.\ dt 1", nlkleoo <1<1 plKnlC. 1", a. """
pO' el ""duneulo ccn:belo"" m.diu 01 c6n..
>~ ,,,cip.n e .. la prod"".,oo de lo, movi- ,ebel.,.., ",IIIM/" ",,",j/{). Se ""'a <Io1'*"'.
m;"n,,,. .",,,,,,,,",,,, 11 ...... ivolUnlarKK y en l. "'",,"'TtMhw, "" .... ras efc"'''t.". q"".I< ..
",&ub,del.. del 'orlO
m .. "",lar. Son vi "","pIc- <... nl"'" "'Iul.
 3. 1'"",,,, M"rona. Ce .... bc lo.len,.d. In.
'"
<!ro de",,,dol 101"'0 cc",.,.,I""I.

~. Cu,,"a u."ron" Id' n/I1",,/trie,,!. 1..., n

Dra, ,,,,,I,.n al petlu,,<"Ulo lc .... b<I"", '"I"'"or.
<ti""" por l. de<u""'!/l de 1.", petlu'leolt>< n
rtl",1ow< ,ui"'''l>"' I<Qmi'u"'4" dccu,,,,,io">n de
W.,,,ekindl y lIe~.n .1 mid1 rubro """""
brum).

3. Q,,;nlu ,"""m" I,,,bro"'pinal ). La, f"

.... , cm.".d., del ne",uh,u,,, pa,an nuey,
men'e ,liado """",tu P'" l. dccu"",in I"<n,r41
111< F"",II) d.",icnden por el (ronco clICerh
ro. I",,~ 1""" lo m"dula ronn.1Ido cl ,r..."o ro
broc>pi".1. E" el tTOIW{} rn,.r'i/"." e"\ la fibra,
l. """'O<,~ ",u\ol.d" I It>< I"k'ku, bulbo.
rt> """."'"'''''''''' de 1,,, IIC" i,>,> c ..... ""al",. F..n
iI INd"la '" ,ita por <kl.nt< del , ..."",10 con;
"""'pinal '"'eml y en, 'u, li bra, ead.! In,e
16mcn,,,n el Cuerno a"'<",,, de l. mdul .

h..~Ulll " , urona. F.., 1, ""UlOO. pe"f~,,<"

qu< "" "bl~' rn 1" r., ."Ie',,"" (\L. l. mdul.)
""gil ,." el ne"'i" e,p,"~1.

8. \'1"" ' ut>< ....1ic.l.,; o , ... ~ m '~,k~.;

.'lr.plr.",ldal,""
r... '.n <\I",tltulda' )'Or una ""den. de fibr.,
lII0I,.,.., "...,d., d< 1,,, ,,'m, encefli<os no
,,,",cal.,. Pan","lpa ~n I~ prudUC"'OO de nlO,i
",,,,n">S .utorn,,,...,,, "",mi"olu"'"nos I en l.
,.~ul"",oo JeI,OIIO "'""'ul.r.
1. V"$ ..."bula,u (fig. JI1 ,. lI ep'."''''.
l. 'io del e'lUl ll brlo e,",i,'o~' clnllm. 1', , ;
" """'u,da po" uo. l""n'N~ ",,,m,,,,,.
fl<"flJo"'-
(" . ,.,,,, 'u ~UCfP() ,,'u,do en el ~.n~ho ve,tibo
lor: 'u "'lI ,,~ue el (r')'","lo del "",,"1" ,c"i
bulocu,:ka, 1"'''''' 'emli".r <n 1", nocle." 'C.,)I
bul".,: b " 'I<",,,k, ",',,'10'''' ",,"" 'o ,"ue,!", en
lo, IIkk", 'e,,,bular,,; 1", .-"n" de e,'o'
nl..-I,"O, cur., an 1>''' el pcdolnculo cere.,.,low in
renor para '''''"lnOr en d crln .Id n'.Julo I
del flcul,,: la (~,,'Na ",'''fu'''' "'><
e l odulu
con el "cleo la'''gl.1. AI~ulI<" "'>rIC.'. por d
km",,,o mcd,.1. con .>lacln en el ,l.mo"
, in olla. ruede" (O"mnar.n .1 en., l"c",bral.
e" cen,ro, ","aJ,,, en el ~"''' 6 ,lell,,"" fron-
tal..n d ~rca 5 del lobo p.rle,ol l' cn el .no. 21
en el glm "'mporol ", ..di.no.
Los nl."lc".. ... ,,,bolare, I'I""n rLh ...~, 40<"
provIenen del ntldoo f.>li~o : fibr.i, <u.bel,...
' e,"bola ... , '1"" I"'",n por el pt."dn,:ulo ......
bel,,,,, '''penor. 1),: 1", """k", ,o,libol.,.." '"
",iS"" d (",, tu v, ' ''bol''..'pi",,1 ","ado en d
FIg. 328. V" ,..,,,,,a """"""'.,,__ 1<. ".' ...
Ixo. B. peo;!u""'*>s .,.,.""'..... C. ".'ei>elo: 0 . _ -
11 ' . (Or. . t9~"'":o" 11 ' ,,,"u/(""'I II...,"'*'
"" h ~ "'-rnen]. 2 lo",. cO"OC:09ntoca; 3 (,or.
""""""""""'".... (2< ............. ) . fIb<". '" P'O)'X>/I
CIII CO<!e. <:efe_se I\aci& 11 ...... _ l o s a (l'
_ 01; 5. hOra ~ (4' _ronol ~ ooa .
l oo: ,n .,. lo. ~u nc ulOS ce,_lo.o. $Up&'<),
1""""_ '" we,,,.o..,""'I: e. hor~ ",0<".,_. e'
~ ,ont'~' I~ ". F_I 7. vio "'.
Ix"""""
c,,,.<ir,,, an'",," de la "lI!dula: ,u, libr~, e",,,,,,
1"" la 'OI1","r. blanc'" ."'enor ) ale,"",n el
C""m<J ""tenor del OIro I.do.
2. Vi dJ l'uln>"ubroul'ina/.. Ifi~ . .)J )
("a.", ..."I......,rcbelol. Ponen &1 CM" I"'lco-
,,rbeloso y h~n 0"",,,,601 en el ml>cllo) en
r
el ~kSbulo de "'lu. por el petloi"..-uo ,..,,,,be
J""o ,uperior. Ikg.n al ncleo roJO (1"'1""",-
brum) y de tlorkk ,iguen 1"" d 'rae,<> ",I>roo.-
pinal. Algunas fi br,,' ,.. ding<n a lo, n';'!c",
n,OI",..,. de loo oc,,''''''' c""", ~ le, por l. del ,.
f",d(""I(lIM,~j"'''<ld1 "wdial E". ,r. eonduc.
hll<la 1"" , nlOI"",> l ,.."".done, 1''''1''<>-
'pI;".' inc,,,,,,,,,,,",.,"",,'~",e ,, 'e. de 10> h",,
". ,'" ""
- a /" ~~IHI". "'>< el l.xl" 'cgmrnu' ,,-
,,,,1 [1,,,,", .. 1,, cClUr.. 1 de l....10"1 " ... IIop
" la ,,11,. <k l. n><'dula obl",,~. ( .. hu booI
1>:1<1 unNl .. . l. "'.......1.0 1"'" el m.-I" , ~" ".""-
n.l:
- " 1,,, ,,~, I~", .""""" ...k""U, ,I~ 1", "".
"".' (I'{",~"I,., . 1"'" <1 fa",;'" I" 1<~,~iIUJ,">1
" ..,,, .. 11<:",,,11. 1,",~m>d",.1 f'O>'",~"'I:
- "1,, ", . ",," 1" r,',,, ",,,Id ,kl "'"." ~ .....
j.,I.. " . d.w~1o: Ik~.." """hon
"f"""",;" pro-
drn,,,, oc k.. <'<)o/k-" Io<. ,.. _ .. Io<. " .. .oJ np~
"""1: ., ...., ......... ".. )',... fibn, '''':k''''I'''''1n. y
.~ ,....<.. 1""'1","'10:, n.~" <IoN ...... DO
nodo.,
T......... , '.
~i

""'J..n", r....,"""'lunf" .. ",n.".

bono ....

,-- ,,,,~,,, ....... "", ,nh,bod.~c,

) """.. ""''''' ........
IJI.> .111 el ....",hmo. el 'O""} la .""'d,""".
3",~"r""k" po" el ".In .. , 11'1,1"1,,,,,. E"", ..
n"J''' dan ,,1,,, tu"no"al 1", "'''''"",,,"'0>
," ... ,h"II","" ) .","~"<,,<n 1,,, ",,,, """,,,.
""I .. """.,, c,., ",n"""",", "'1'h."11"."'''~''''''';'
;",,,,Ia, .~, la, ""''''''~ '''''' Ik-~, al <<"1rl<tIO
"'~ l." ,a, "'...ende.M.......

, 11. \ I,\S S E'SITI\ AS
1)0.''''' ".,:"'.1:0,-..., I' __'" S"""..","",n"'''

._~
" ..'ti,,!> 1'1"" la, , .......""", a, '" ..." ...... "....
"",' ,1,' 1" .,~n"I,,,,~,,1 ~l,,"'. "/'''''' ...
'r~'" d.' "' .. ",,,,, ~,I,,I.J
" ", ...:".",. '"".~'-s.
,'10 1" J~d '1"" 1'".'tI" ,."'
J",d,J. en """,,1>11 ....
lk, 'e'" ..... I ~-.'"L", I,'al,,') dok"'I)' <" ""... bo
lo"'' ' ' ,
$._-
1..,,1o, [If,~,,"I";'" ~"","r..... <p,,-'ri~
.'., ,fina' l:
"""<-
---.ga.
" ,. UII. V_ ... '" _
-........ ........' 2 _ _ ....-an<>aI3 ....

_
~~
OIIa_I2'-..onaj' ...... _
, . . - - , . ,

.. ,......
1 _ '.." .....,......1. 1, __ _
'k'" J.- 1" _,~n.".d,.w ,.,-,iHM.M
" ......' .... Lo- ............ d< ".. l1Mi"",k,,) de La.
."1<.1 ..... _, ",n,.b.h...:od <",,,, . ~n ' ., ,.
<..,.."' ...."c
............ _ _ o1_.... _ 1a<~III'OIopMICa l _' hn !':'"....r~1 h,oJ~, e,la, ',", e''' .... '''' de cuon
_ _ _ _ moco ""Wanco _ICO,~. n.dooo ....... 11~'"' .
..... ".'11 ' poo,.. "" .... lalamo 13' ...... O<>al 10.
(0' ....... """ .... """"""",( viA~ DI' LI\ SI."" S lBlIlIlAIl
L-"TUIDe!!!'TIVA In~ . .1291

" .... "''' ....'.11 ... ) anK"I ............ al..n/ ..... " el
I"'....<.~"'''''I'' 1'''' d Ir""" ~.p'.......,"'h,'I" ..o b c<,,",h"lu, po" el mI< '" ~'I"""".J~_-.
<lor-al Ita"'Kulo <k f1nh''I'1 ) d ~Im ..,n- 1"'rr..,/,h-.,tI/; "'" ~I ..., ,r,,,,,mlCn k.. ..n.
hek ..... "~IMr~1 If.,."r,,1o ..... O\<." .... I JO' ..... n"'" ,o. "c'''''q'''' ", ".mpcratu,a )
"olorl. 1-.1' ."n,,,,~,,I,, por ".'ur,,,,a, c.,.
.1. 1'"" '~/Q"''''''''Hh" I,~"'" """,,",,,,,,,. c... rp" ."cnt, ,' n l. ,u'''n<"i. ~cb""" ... lid
""'" del <.,,""'"~,,,,>tl<'I. 1... " ",'n,I'<" lal."" .""m" .k ......,II1'<"lc,""rl. s., ... ",,"~ .. <n .....1.
"'" e",;n <"..,-" .. ""1<,, ,u."""
''''lan",n', al e,
,,,.d,, Ir"lIiJunn. 1)';, .11, r.'''"'' ",o,,,,,, ha<",. 1. Prim.'''' " ~,,nmll. T",,,, 'u, Jc,oJ,u.,,,
h ..... " (", Iludcm ~ "',.. , .,ubo"I~,",,, ... In"d.~,
"'"''.''''' <"" "" ''''1";,<,,1<,, "",in.",. S.
ruh,,,. , .. '1:..., ... n;~r~ 11',",,11' n,~c' I ) nud", """1'" .,,1.'", "", . n el ~""~I,,, <'1"...1Jo lo
, ,,"'.I.tIlico (,''''''J'O de Lu}>lI. ~"'" "" ........ - .... " po"IC'K..- Su .,,'In Ilcp a l. """.h,lo f"'"lo
 G ..._ . " , ... ",,,duce,,,"", ,,1 ,..""',, nernmo e"",r.1 115

2. ~ ~guRd" ~ , uron g. T,~,,,, ..,,, de,I<l"la, )

.. """1'" celul,. en d cuerno oJor,.al. Su .,fol
"u," l. ilh'" "''''',lOhl po.. la ,u,'an"", g"" '1u~
rode,.1 c.na l ,'~nltal ) >.>'""
la ""'an,,," alba '.'.
del coln I{uu cu lol bl~r.11 parJ III"OOUCU""
en d IrX'''' c,'l'i'k"al~"", ... lalcr.1. 1\ ',' .." LC'"
do por d , .... ,,u ",,'d'h{"u ) '"" "lola el <"""
km"i",,, n""hall"IfI'" Je Reil metl;al) ell"m
.,"," 1"1"," 1 I,',,"a <11.' RClI la'cr-~ll . ron""""
1')( 01 re,h, ..... ul" cc 'ebrJ I ) lemll'" "O ,'1 ""-
cle" """,,,,I"l<~JI 1,,-,,'c,wT <1<'1 ,;\Ia,,\o. ,,,,, el
Ictm""" "",tI,"1. b la deu,""",",u,,,,,a e, f'I"" ,- -
(pi",,,,,I,,,,,,, '"
.l. h ...."''' ".u'"''''".
r,eno ' u' .I'.'I1d nl '" )
.. ""''1'" ,.I ubr en club",o. Su a,{., I"ga al
<6n" I~)f la 01'1"'0 1',,,1,,,,,, 11'.1<1,""'\"1 )' "I,'~n
,~ pan"'ub'm"m,' 01 XII'" I~'" ..,,,,.,,1 1,'I"'Ufl-
vol""ifl f"lnc'al .",el~k,"cl ,

~. C,,,nu ".""m,,, Se h.lI. en d ,~'",e, <1<'1

pro po,,:cnlral: d p<~oc;" 'amal'" de 'u, ocu_
roo"" ,00", ,,1," ,1..'\""'"'''' '1.......... l., do:"",,,,,,,,
P~"{ I"'P" ~ranul"", ,Id "orto> l.

E, ",JUClJO 1'''' d "a,'''' ~'I'"""al""",',,

'c"'r~ 1 la"l e';'"I: ,-,(j "\u,d" en
d ,,,,d,lo
...... r-~I do: l. mJula)' , .. ,,"Iuloo "'" "<u,, .. ~,
CIJ)'o '"""po ",,~111a ~" la ,',""'" del .. u"rl~'
""",,1. So: ,h'l i l1 ~u "' " F~. 3:1(1. Vi... <loo 1;0 _I>'~a """'.
"-l'" 1, ganqIoO - " " (\ ' neuronal; 2, t_,,,,,1Do
l. I'rim",'u N~u ror",. E> tJ~"",'., la d,' la Gol, ...
lI'oeiI y "" .... "' ..... 1... Bun:lachl 3 , _
l ';' 1'fI...."I-~lcnlc, g,aclu 1'" GoII] y nY<\M ounoi!""". Ido Bo,
d;ldl]. "" 01 Wbo (2".....-ona) 5. <Io<usac:tOn <lO la
2" _"'n . .... '" Wboc G. " " " ' - : 0 " - I""'a <lo
~, ~~I:,mda "" .. ,,mlt, f, ,"" "kn",~ 1 "'''' AeiI "-allPlJOnIO y peduncuIo <:eff>bra~ 1. nucIoo
"""lIlU}~ d m, ... " nl"""'''/';'''''''! ".""", .... 'ao poottWa"" .. <lel "'amo, pvtUI "" p;>o1"," ""
A""i. ",'" po.,.- el I"H'.-,. "Ik~'bh,,, ) nl\ el Jd """,ooa ,"13""""'ltica'. B
la 3' oroa ca NIC.1 ~"
pue"I< ,e ,,,""" 01 1.ml\, ....I) " , ...hal ) I~!I ~I _cona .,ttOlCO<local.
lWn<o L'CITbr~ 1 Ikg'''' al "udc" ,",,'mlalcr:J1
po>Io,,,,,
Jd ,:11.,,,,,.
) ,g,,,, la, r. ,le la ",o"bili,l:.J p",ru ",la "lO'-
J. J'u u ra, ~"",'u u.u m uu,. Su .. ","" , n""c 1,t...", n"" .,Jda,,','] ,
t.1mento ,' oml'"",hl," la . J,.' 1" ''', p,e .. ",,,"n-
te, El ","a 'c""","1 '" CU"UClllr, en d ~ IIO 1. v j ,\S DE LA Sb'>:S IIIILlI)'\D
0>"",1 1 ,:,,,u n,..)lu ~ln pall<,"1 "".<", PKOPIOCEP'flVA
do"lel.
,\. s.:," ., ibililhd P""";Ul" pl;'. <.."",;..,,10
11 1~. 330 1

El "",,' 1'"."",,i<II'" del ~""~ h,, "'I""al '" "e"

La ,-. "",-~. <11.< 1... "o'1 ... "'u l". ,{'l.,,>...,
Ibh,a ,~M"m el ,,,,, " K, "'",,"1 J,.' Id "",dul .. ) ." hu""". 1,,, "'""ul,,, l la, arti,'ul.""...".
P"""lr-~ . n01 !".... kuln gr-...-,I" 1,'OI'd,'" d<- (;,,111 Se d"l lngue,, '
'" '." ,.. ""
L I', .,U " ..U F.".... S,,""", .... d ~."~h., lro)'","", por el '''''''''' """"ril"..,. ~I Imwlra
r...... l<ku. 11M< .... ~knl<"'" . el n,,,,,,, pcnfc. I~,"'a ok 1<."1 .... "''''I~ ron fiN:., _ _
neO El .,,10. d"""' .... ".,:oda a l. ,";'ul. p- 'a' <lo. "''';0'''.'. <101 rae."'. dd ~I"",,,r;lrinpo.
113 d "",d.... 1""'." 0' PO' el 'ua' .",,,nd~ <101 , 'ag.. y "'Iul n,.,,1>.: . 1'......,0 .'P""'~~
~, ""IIt"),, ....); '.nlr' ! b'a ocun"", "'rm"," en .1 n"" .... ' ....
- d]"" ".I" 11'''' J,., (,J,. (;,,111 '-'IJ ,","",,- 'rola'..all""'.'"'' dd ,.1."""
,,,,do pur la, I"Ibr., a",~"dc"'o' 'a'g.' p"'"''
",,,"'.' d.: la, rdI<X" oJur",lr, ,1< lo. "",,-o, "'_
p",.l",- ..... '"". '"onDa",,) .10 1.. , ,... " oll''''k''
''''"~,, " ,...... "'''''" E l cucrpo c <lular , .... "h lI<'u-
. ....
3.
"" "",
r ,ru'Q
\
N,u "r,,~. E> '"'.n~I""f"..II('O

,,,,,.' '" ,",yen' r" 1", J"",I~" "'PI""""

" C.""fQ ",,,rou. Sr hall. en.1 ,'n> ""'"
'u, ' ",,1<' ",...." el ,,,,}.,,,,,,.se
1<>- ....... ,..."
CftII",1 k' '''''''oI'''' ...... p;oncul a........",.",~
<10:,,,,,.11,-, ,"1 mI'"", 1..... ) 'e"m"""
en <1 ""- E, ~'" hac...- ",M:u- q.... la .... ""bol....
<"1.... ~r...: ,h .. "",""""""I IIIt ("III "" la ",,-'da do: l. CoII>.:I. ) ..... la ""r. ",,;In ..... 'urado, f.o
... """111$" un ,."1,,, "",,,,,.1
,,", 'n . n~,,,.. _(olio
d , .. " lo "J, ,,,,r'I"'''',, I<lr lI ,ml.. , h/- ...
'"~,m,, I, ",.nl"'".I>I. a Un , ,,,,,,,,, <1 .'1"""'.
""''''''ul<lo.. ro, IIbrd' I.rgo, "",.",kn'." tk b, 'Iu. ~'''''''oc 1;, pmn,,,,, ocurun" de "" ,u.. So
r.k", .h".I", ,1<- 1", ,1<". ,.... "1'",.1<, .<"
",a- .,..... , ....an,. cll."'o. .... o ) " .. foll.' I ......
k, ) ,le 1", ,'.. " XII"""" ,"',,,,,, l\or'l< """ 1 ","" e"",,, la, ,.rd' ";~, """"""' . la, <Ir b
,..""hilo"." ,'0""'. ) 11.,...
'."" '1"" d ['<."o<Scn'. 1,,,
'u' ,""u,,"'", '" "'''''''''''Ir.n en ~ ...
r'"al,, Su, ."...... '
"""If""
,",'Iu'.,", Jo
~.,, ~IK" ,.,. ~.n.
,lo Id
"'. . .. di:' la ~ar. i
" tral le ,,,,un,,,,I,,,,i,, 1'",.,., ......
1<""." d 11.)", <le ,," <lrmel. Se ",too, " n "",I>;or~u. 4"" <"~'o ..' .......
cnnk""" do."",k- dd m,,",,, 1;0.1" ) l<'nn,n"" "O el ..... ole 1"'=......do: ",'" " a, la ,.....
en d nu, '~u c u,,~,fn.n, ~ 1<1< lIu,J", h I de la prrt"" ...... d.; la, d" ........ , """"".,....,,, r.,j' ...
n""'ula _"'I'~. ....... .o<b ..,'" ,..,"'..' llounadI, . . """".,._
'''' n :1..,.. <lo la tr",,,,
1. S'lI"~Ja M'IITO",Q. T K"" '." ,J,.,IlI,,"')
,,, ."""p' ,.Iula. ~n /," n .., Ir .. , .'''' ,1" /,I~ 11. Srn-lhllld ,od pr" p.... cpr;.~ in<'Un... lmlt
f ;,JI/ , ,,,, ~ , form.. /d, lI",d,~ 11/ 1Ii~ . I()!I ) \i.l f
",i,I,'" .,',/0 ,," "liden ",,-,10.1 J" la ..,.-
,,,,,,"" d"".1 ,1< la m~Jul . "~h,,,~ . ,bul",,, La, ,ia, <1"" l. "",~ur,," "" ''''''' ,,,,n """.".
'''''> 1tu ...' " "," :r..... I" 1<.,',1>< rI r.,-
;0.. , .. , ,"m,,,,,~ ~II ti ",t-.:h,) ct","i' '')'<fI ,. "",".
,'":ul,, ~r.IC"" <1"" HUJ",.., " 1 ,,,nuJO "-,",j,,,,, 1"'"" rrrl>,'I"", I,n d ....1<>. '" put<Ir .... ,,,,Itnr
oIel '"'''ni'''''
,nfc,,, .. ) del ",""'" <lel m"m..
1.1lI". En" .. fihn, <1"" p;lm,:,p;oI' ole l. f"nn.-
<jU< ....ocndl:'n por '" """'" I>;o.,j" rllal.. ....

u ..... del I"mn,., ,, ",r.I,,,1 l' '''''' ,.. /tr,1 M", _ r ri",r .. ~ rl",,~l. Sil ...... rn el 1;r,Ioo
,I", .'1""'1. U.,. ,1 ,,~, Ir .. ""."'"" ~I .........
m;' .." ,~ .... ifo"_ .'
un nuo.,....
<k la .'1>- <~'''''/,..,,,u,,,,., ,o{,"',,'"
.k n.md de lo ....
lu,",,,,, doJ>,;,l <k la ,no!OOla ,"",.'~._ ...... ,1>< fi dula.
I>r,, ,Jd f.... """1,, <une,' ..",,,, 4"" Hh"""I". d
i"fluJ" "'"""". dd """,,,br..
'"1''''''''' ) ocl ~ Srl!l" "'' d.""'''~. Su ,""'1", .................
",,:1 tld n"".",
'ao.k,. E"",, toho-., 4"" " ."" . ,~,'"" el """ ,." " ......,,~o del oU<',,~, ol.>r>.rllc.
''')'-'' lo '"'')''' 1';"'. M i l,''''''''''' mr,/",I (,
,,, ,Ir 11r,1 m,"Io,,{
,- lun,,'. d< CI~' ~ "I: .'" ".,ulOna e", " . un .,I
",I"h"'rr l>rl"", 4"" """Ik "'~"I>or' .r~"
1'" ",,,,,, "",:h.... d ",'H' ,k l..... funJa ""U di" "'M" d,f."""o,. "'~u" p.'''',.... , ... .. el
,o na ","" la h,... _'11"",. ",..."',"'" ok ,. ,,,,,,,,,, I.. ~ , " .... ,-"".,. ",med,a'.r ... n,,, ~ Ir>
,1<:<-"_.. ,,, ok 1;,0, !'"irnodr,.... l. p;on~ "..,,. mlo:lul;o:
<k I~ " ...... ,~ """"'fO .<I:u,,,,,,,,.. I"lllfumIC'l, ., "'JI 1/, 11""" ,,1"1 ~.pr~", U~""'D"
1..... filu>,J,. .... ,,,,, ,,"" ...... .... "" ..... , "'NMn " ,A"",I (I,,,,'"'''' ,/",.. ,,, ,Ir Fln"lr>'d .dIoc.
linea "",d,an ) fo ...,." ~I I.m"".. " "",d,al "13 I ~ ,.",,~,I id"'" okl ''''''''0. ,,,u.do ... el
I....... ,J,. No,1 ""' I. f ~ rll" "' ~w, r,,,,,,,, un ~OnIdn 1.'.....1 de l. n..... ulo: a.... "' ....... to..1a Ir>
fa ... ""uk, n",d"",,) olmo:" '''u.-k, ",.. <l<-bn "",dul, "bh ~'Ka. lur8u '" ,nl1""""a la......
dol ""0'1"> 'r~I"""".!o", ) ,k',rJ, de 1.. r. ~ m' "I<II'e) '-'~"II1U)'r rI ""'"'IX' ..,"'r<>m"' ..... , P'"
"' .,,, ..."'1>.:1,,,,1' ' ron"",,ak,. En .I/."I'''"!I- """,.. "," ... ,,,he lo .... "'len",. ",JI' d <1"" 11." al
/" ,..,.~/or"l. "~e d" ,<k ." ,~" r.mO', una I"'rd ,'00", I'Jlom;~rr""o" o ,
".,1;,0 lado" ' ," u;o.la, "" la cakMd podu""u'''. 1"'" ~I "",.", I"udml,, "'Inllocnc/l;""",,,
ok""" <1<-1 'r...-'" c,,,,,,,~.Ij,,,,,,,, ."."dl b ' .... r~ru/ {a"!,,,I .. ,Ir r., ... rn'l .,,,
"' u", ~. en el

aord6n l ..,.,.. Ik lo mo.'duLo h..... . ~ I'<nf......
El....,.., Ik lo, ... "fUrIa> ..... lo fonn ... ~ ....
.............. d ~ ..."'" olonal. P<""""""'" ....
.... los nlicleo. Ik lo> rnocmbn .. . Su, a.OfOe.'
<fII<Wl I~ li.... med, .... Y alno'oc"'" l. <<I.,m"_
.. "'_. y llegad<... .1 ~onlol I.,~ .. I Ikl lado
Of"t'1O Y .",~nd"n por el h:u e,pl",~al.~", ....,
1It... I. En el puente cambia de d,lUc,n.,.. dl-
riJO Noc; ... ni, .., largu dl:1 t..><tk '"1"""" del
_loo Il10l''' del ""n-I" ttigmi",'. CUNO por
d pcdolncul" ~rd",""" "...,..,.~" ) """'''' '"
"~,-ul""" Ikl ron. .. Ikl ...,,,,,.
l . Tuur. "rN""'''. ...,,,.""". " l cone
l.IOne> del ""I<oc, rebclo. I....~ de " .... cfCK1l_
Ola ~rebrlonod"I ... se ."" nl .. una r Nimu
'"
r."',."",. ..... dI"" '''' InOu"" propoo.',I""'"
'''''n"'''oc ...... y.,. ,,"c 1,.., ,r.. moU,n'
'.""I'"""ud"le. por ,1 """"no dellllklco ru
bro hilo ....... ""'''"'''''1.'' bocio el '""amo 1"""
""'" ",,,,""kMul.:!I1""'). Alg"","", ,"",,1ifflIn
d
llomo ""'"" el 1"'"10 de ten",,,ocin de 1
vias "''',, '',", fl'pio.:el"" ' S illCOn"'''''''':
pani, di: ~ I C)""" .. rla l. vil! m<M",-
m.J.J ,.10",,,,,,,,,;0;1 .
' ." ral'''.
111. \ ' fAS S ENSIJIt IAI. 1::S
....... ..." .d.:.:I ron nda ....... de "'" ~
... 1,,, ",n' odo> v ........ lpjg. 4391. Oowl lC 'II
lpig. 4NI Y '",,","\pil. S 10). oIr'"..... y K""""
Ivh,.. ' '''"'' 21.
34
Farmatia reticularis, PNA
Formacin reticular (sustancia reticular)
[Sustancia reticulada de Stilling]

S.'"1"". de un ">I"m, muy pan"""I",

''''M'' uro. su '<>r<>,mfi. 'u' ... ""',
1"><
i<>-
"", Y C_'I"-<'alm.me po< 1.. fu,IC'onc ,~ .... en la
K. ~: n el Ir on", . n....r. li...,
Ing,. 3.\ 1 y JJ I bis)

...'"aliJad '" lo ""bu)",., tales COIIIO 01 ,"dlu
y 1" vi~lli . 1" regulacIn de 1" ooo:".." _,, el
,"on,,,,1 de 1,,, in,'u,(",. 1.. ",~ul"' lor",. hUI_
mon.le.,. . elC' Fil0l'en,amente e. una f""na-
cin ant igua.
D<,pu> de k" 1r.""J'" d. Magoon 11\1-16).
nu,,,,,ro.,,, .>100'''' han imentad" ",oc;,,, b
topogral de .'1> fo",,",-;!,. n""ti,u,<la pe,,-
,,~I"Ia, de ,"ma,10 .'anah\c, ~"" .rbori,ac;o....,
domlri""., <omplicad., 'l'Je con''''u)'.n un~
red d,f"," <lu~ 00 puNr cornp.mr>c ,'un h"
Un"", y ~"" 1" ,'" que"" d.'crib,.",,, ~n
lo!. captulo> r<''''-WC'''''', S", cl1\b"r~". p .... kn
<k-t'nbi"", "'"' d" (',lIlikn."",ill ...,Iu'a, "'~l
c".... , .,,,,,, corta, )' ~i.. <k ptq'crcin la'}la,
~blli",""",. 0,1; formada po' ,ltu"",,,,, <'<M'
""MI'" """'''. J"p''''''''' 1,,,",,,,,,"1,, I""ginr-
din.lnl<"",o. fo",,,,ndo un. re-d 'lu< <ncierre m.
.,,, d" c .... '1"" celulan',.
l. SITlJAC1 N
l.. ro.mX""" "'Ii,ul", e,l. "'I""'",n'ada 1'''''
c~lul~,que 00 '" "E"'l"'n eo nocle,,,. pe'" 'lue
se e""ueotrao ~" la Ion, inlenl,ed,a,i. d~ l.
'""a'.,," ~r" ,,><dub,. 'lIu""" ,." el p"'l,,o~".
mi,"",,, ,1<'1 "11<"'0 1"I.r~1 <le k.. "'gr'1<""" c<,_
I'",ak"
- ',"no", lIam""", '","cuk>c>pio'k'. 'Iu,'
,.:up'" ). "'" 01 cordn "", ..,or (1m" ,,, nII~u_
locspinal ,m'mll " el cord6n 1:>ler.1 (lt""lo, "'.
licuk><'pi"a l tlor'.H I,'t"", "i-. 2Y~ I , La '''o-
)'0< I"'''C .le ell", ",m \ fa, tIe""nd.",.,. pero
ere"o:; . " lmul"" migioad,,, <k b, eolub, ",Ii_
,ul."" .'p,,,ale_ "",'"nden h...,. 1", nde'"
"'"1 ",oneo Crk"d.liw 1"" 1", ''''Cto"> ,,",,ulo,,_
pu ..I",.
La f,"'mcin ",II,'ul., '" ",ti,"""" do l. ...
dula c,p,,,.1 al dreror;-<!falo. o..,u!", 1", <'1""''''
"u",prrndi.Io<. ont", 1" ,-;as ",o"'r.. aJel_,
1,,, ,a, se""t i,a. )' 1", "ock.", ,1<' los 11m'"
"""".1,,, a,Ns.
A,1. "." pucOC" d"""~u,, ncleo, ",,"dia_
del "re. , '"/tI,,,/<'.< ,1,,,",,,/<'1
1, ,"Ir/~,," ",.dhmos. Se 1"" <...uc", .. lO-
ton- lo lin<a ""..dian. a lo I",~o d. 'oel" l. >1I0Il
<kl 'n><K"<l ."".W ...
o con;
- " '';1'" de 111 111/ ,11.1" "M"".~,,. d n",
,"":un"
- 11 /I;"d rld pl/</tIr. el nocle<> m,!'I'" lP
"cloo del r~f<l;
- ,,"i,r/ ,M """,<el/d',/,,. lo> ",id""".."....
1., ,upe"'",) Im.",,1.
~. "'rie/,u. u m,al,.. S"~," ' " e,U...,",,,,.,
d"hng"e,,:
- ncl"", ,"od,.I<,. <k ~r",,"", ,'~I"I" I
~:"",,,'elubl\."' 1, e" lo, c'ua~ 1.. p.n" me,,,,
lle. ,.., ",,"fu ... 1<' ron l. 1",11< ",.d,al <Id
,,1<'0 N!>ro IIxi. "",ro ) ,1<: la ,u""""ia ..
algo m;, a!>ajo ) ",~ I a"' e . P....r lo "1110.
,lo<. I,"'"...
i ......" I'"",,p.l" en b
forrm."inJl'
'It'ular:
- ntkloo, p">t",ola"".Ic" ~","
do, po, '~'Up.",,,~n,,,, de 1"'4"e~", e/I
""".11.
(pan',,,d " 11It<, l.
1.0> ntkle", cen,,..I,.,. o,:ul"'n II"h la.
,1<:1 ' '''n<o o,>C<'f l; w 'x,,, ""''''' ,clulam "'"
rurc,. ><Ir,"C",)' "",,,,",,,r"I,,,",,
.1. N"d~o. IQ""ll~s, Se lo, im"~r. a la foro
""",In "'ti,'ular daoo 4ue '" ~"ru,:t"r... ""1
I"''''''ular. Se e re... p...,lcr ,I<:",ih,r e..."", taIn
- 1", "cl<"" ",t,,",ulan,. la'crnl j' par-
,t,a,," a "in1 del bulbo:
 ~-----_ .
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____ . 3

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~:-:-:----- :
,
_. _ 8

n I . e",,,," lJfJ/ l'OnCI> __ I~ ~
~.

._<10
_"'.~ ... ~ A,._~DuIbo. 8,

_,. __ "'_..-.. c., _0tI

..
I,I.pr<>U>of""" .......-dI.-
~...-..._.2
r."""'" _ _ ....
. . . _ . S. _ _ _ .,.._'' 1j11m1nO,
'0Ie 3. _ ~,,, ... , 4

e''"' _lo...
_
-
1,_001.....,.
""'*'
......... __ t
-."......
7 411'0-
JVI>rO 10 lUI>tt<>.Io

_ el ,,"d,~, """'ul,, dol ",~,tk""'" pn"""

[.le Ik,hlor,'" 1 <""'ro d "ud... "'l.".... dd
lodoll"""'''_
1,.' "'' nude", b'",a' , "1,,,". <"I"'..oal -
...."c f"JI' 'u' .f~w".. 'a'. dl\."'" 11/'0)'''10-
.... on "'I.....:'al ~."'bcl"..'"
r4_
c. .:n , 1h ll".u l~"",
~ "",,'K '" IX,lm,,""" la ("nn""""" M'
."Iar, l. ;,H,,, ,''v"". ,,,,,,.Ja <"1'" 01 ",,,,1ctJ
 -
",boalimi<:o I<:u<rpn'" Luy') Y ~I '''an" ~n 111. AN,\ TO\d ,\ fUSC IONAI,
"""" de l. "'1""'':> de ,'" rone,,,,,,,,, .,..., "...
nlklco> I'CIlCullre, dcllmn<o roedo""". Rica cn ''''"11'0'', 1. f<>rm:ICin ","cular.-
prcnde nu",.... ,,", ,...':t,Kk",", y drocc.
11. C()S ~: X IO SK~ drn't' ~U<' 1'"""'"" "''''
import.",c """,,,il'""i1
fu""""",I. I.a< <'Ot""1OIIcS ar."",'e, r "frm.d
La, mi, nun ...."..' y 1.., Inj, ... 1"'-......
" 'n '" re"I" ... ron 1,. ",o!dult ~,n;ol . ti hlf"lCt-
'"'11''''''''' <k Ik"ribor; ..... ullm:dul..."., 1,1 ""'. ,,1 cuerpo e>an .......1 nilcr.u nobn~ la_
( OIIJ"""" de la, ~~Iub, ",'",ularn e'" un,oo ",""la nlJ"'. el ",>"","bkl y ti ront\ ~
po< " .... cona, <fIIt _Ku ... n la cohc,"-;" _(0- A",~,,,,, It roonl"':lCi<IrI dr ..... ncn_ ,.....

m",. y fi.iolg"'. dtl COOIJU"'''_ ...... tJl-~"'''''' ""'I'i",,-,""'. drgl""....... f'I""II

l'e ro Jo.. ""rlrm 1M """' -,, ~"('~fl,,, e,I . " "''' ~u 11C.. ',-n"',""gu ,.:III .... ~t ,c",.
",Iacio"ado, a ,<~kl,\ ,., (,,,, .. ,,,,;.,,,,,, "" ... ","', Ejeroc un c"j,,,"k, ,,>!>n' ''''' cc",ro, "",,,io-
del " ,I<ma "" ..... ,,,"" 1"" ,fa, "f~"'''I<, " ore- "" "'1"";""'" l/u. 1"" '''''''''c"" cn ....,.00.
",.,. ~nya may'" 1"'''< <>ti mal " " c,,,all , ,~,Ianda r dr ,.,~,h ... s...!n 1m ",...Ito,. IIi..
,OOa. conicalc ... ~Froc ... , """,rol mhibidor" f""~",,
doo- ...... 1"" "' ... J'UU-'. I"O"~ ti .......ro.
Voiu <if'""IrJ. ElLa, """: C.....-d,,,,, la, unM ..... ' .. nu" .... nlio; ..... 4d
MJ<Y'IWNfI1r ..,..,.,,1CIIoC'A del ronc~. "" "" ",,"""'In en' ''' ~,. ~''''' 1I,,,,,,,,l6ml<'Olo y ..
nlk\to" ba",k<. n "'cn .., "" AO""" ","'.U ,ronco ....... (:11;... " , Im .......11C 1 t" 01 ('(lUIIIj
mICO': p<Nur.l1 y en l....(' vidad ,-,nJ..-ri~ Oonlmla
- "Ki,,,,,,,,/rJ. 6,~. '"
ungin"" .... el ,..,,,,. rilmo hi"I~ ...... y 1" ",accione, "'oorlOOO ....
hok. o <le k>o noc""," "'",,""'" <le 1< ""'v"" '" iml'""ible ,',""Kkror ,.,.ui el dr,allo do.
" ,...,..ales: fu"",,,,,,,-' '1YO lo- f'~"" r 1", ntiI,.,,~
_ <1", .....1"..,. ti< onf"n ...roola . alIoJ>I:on nbuyen ho)- l. f""""",;6n "'I<~r..
yo ..ea lo yi. de lo> u_... rellOo ..... 'I"'..Ie, " <lu"", '1'" "'~ di .. tant" "",,,'aJu(1I """"' ...
e l de lo. , ..."" hplllol .. l",,"~O' '1"c .11 .. ,
obandonan a dI,.'....' .1'"....,
dd ,,,...,., .....,(,.
n:odon. Su, ,.,"""" ...toun a>I el *'i"'D
un ron(,oI ,k: la, "", ,.id>de, ............... ya .
*
h"t>. ''''''' <lo nuricKJ.l, <k .....,.,h,lodod " <1< lo
vtgc,a".o,
2. Vi... ,,,..,n,,,. F....'.,_: El """,11,, b ...... ~In\c" ha I,crn,i,i<lo d"
u_,,'rmkmr> 1"'''' 01 . lamo_ [1\>< ,,1 U;ocW
'.~'1Wnt,,1 un"al Ihll con,ral <le la o~I"", I,
gui, ~ru"", ""'ul."" dire",m" cn cl ""'.. ' ... 10
form.., ...... re( c~'a, . >qn ... ''''' e do dlubo
de>dc ~1Ii. 1", .I~, .......:n<Ienle> ,,,,,,,,,.1
ront\ ~.,,,,a,. downinl''1'"'''' "do dw.
Ilu"mcnlo. o~,""" J'R'r<'''''''''' ~ r... f'I< "''''''''''nI'r''-''''.Su '''I'''ltrafia ha , .... , l'fK'iI'
m:ICoontS ... _",aIM """'P" ..... n ...... II,~ dlI po< {)ah'''rorn y Fuu ( 19(:61 Y "'" han .....
tlam" ... ,........ y I''''t''' ..... I: do defn1t 1.. vi prop; u d" "n""".'"
II;""=""''''~J ",,!In do:>"Rad~, al """,licio "Mon ,nr~",,, I"'nlf dr k.. mide"" <1<1 nit.
y a lo> ncl<~"
1"-,,
I1Iu'' ' ', de "" "" ..... K" ,r.,,,,. vj"" "".ooreno'rgit , .-.... 'ml y donal . .,.. Ii&
m. onllin",', de l,,,,,,,,,, rubro. c ( ctIcr~ .
_ d~... ~"'"nl~.' "'" d"ilcn """,a l. m&lul. 1'10' " .. ,,, ",cne",",,"" "'I~I .., litjo ... ~
por ro. '''''''00;
""ooul"" ....,,"" ... k._ " ...",m(, dr ..... ril"". prop;amon'e docha.
VI
PARS PERIPHERICA
(SYSTEMA NERVOSUM PERIPHERICUM)
35
Conceptos generales

I ,,,,~,,,a ""O 1'-"0 pcri f flCO e'" con",

Etu;'l" ro"- 1", en;,,'. wnl<,."" hl"",:u,
<pi< coOOu"cn a 1", ~rnt"" """ ~"''' 1", ~"i
m""" ,1<> ,odo .."len pm"~I\I'''l<' <1<- la pc"f~
ri.l." ~"" Ir."",,,'""
h",,~ 1" reri'"". 1,,, <_"~ro
m,1o; clal><>rd<k" por l0' ,'en,,,,, "en O>O'<. E"
1. N ,,,';"" Nlrlr.al" y ~,piHfl l, . , I''''''''n
U" ""gen "I~,m"r en 'u em"rgc""i, ) un un
<1"10. lo" ""' ..... "" "'1;\" "."",i, .i,k" por jilom,,' ~CI' ,'",,1 ",-"'r~ I I"""n)('a ~,, el)(elal"" .. ~ u
"""'011.</1.<. cad. una <le la, ~u"I~, '" ori~,"a ,'o la, pa," 1", ne,,;'" ccnlrlu~",)" peri!'"''''
.... ""'lulo '\<'''''0''', s.,gn 1, ,1I.'...;r.n de ",. I""n'i", ",,,,,,,, .. 1<-. ganglio, e'p""Je" ele,;-
tos <ilub" '" J;'ting :n, 1""'1.
_ In, "en'IO.' <I~ 1" I'"r, ,-ellfe"I;, l' ,Ir /,'
pons ",r'I"1<""'<I_ "u~'a' '"" lula, )' cen'm-. <"n 1, N,ni" . d, 1" (HU' ",,10/, 6mira_ Tio""n
...~II""
_ k" ,,,,n';,,, d<, 1" I~'''' "'""',,"""'-,, (S)"'-'
m:' complo.i<" 1"';3' S,,'em, ""n-. ..
,,,;~, n,,
", ,Ul<M>tll.'O I "e~",'a,in' l _ p.i~ . .JO~ I
m. n.",'o,"'" au(O,,,,,,,,cumj ["'r1,erpan on la
.. ~ul.cin de b vida ~c~<'"ti, a. 11, 1"""";1"'1,;"
En ~""J''''lo. "" ,,,,,,i,,,
CT.I'1<,.k, ~ <'I"na-
b ""nic'ipa" ,-n la \'~I d~ /',-/,,, ;,1" ) .... ""'- 1..0, ""","" '" I'"-",,n,an bajo el "'I"<,<IU de
'1< 'U' oOOmico, en la ' -"I ,'e," ,""'m. !'ero 'u
>n10!><', N,,,,,,, .. , ,' iIiOO';o:;,,.. () '1', ..".00..:
""orn n",<',"", "ulOn"",o, 4'" pueden ,e, di."",,,,, J i,,,",,u)e a medIda '1'" <r "'1~ln.n
';mpt;"',,, O """"imp"~,,,. la, r:",~" coble",l a lo I,'!l0 de su lnr)CC1o.
El e,!,""" <le un "''''';'' <l<:pendc del nltlOro o.
1, n .AS IH CA O (:-,' f,bra, "crVl<"a, ~l'" 1" "nn'lil u)en,.,i O(Jfru)
",,"bin tlel1<jl~o >ojunl;"I) 4"e 1" ruoIta, El
E, dlid~ pa'" 1", ,lo- ,i'<cm" , S,, ,Ii,tin_ ,,,,n'",) rn:h ~'u.,,, del "'~:u,,"oo ". d nm'"
"~,,,'i/'(, drc,, 1I>1I<\'(>rI , ub;c.~.) on el
1"":
IllK"lllbro inf~,i,,, .
.l., Sr" i,,.. ...."lr;IM' ...
e 'h a.,""""
En di,,, el ,nfluj<' ",,,1 la ""n/r'
J,,,~,do de
,;w h,,,.,,
~ r.''''m. Se 1", pueJe dI' ,d" ,-.: Lo-< ""m", ' dirige" ">cia lo, 6rg."'" 411<
"""."" "",,,t,, '" (">,,,iNlidaJ de ,.,.Jo., '>rigen I ,"""'arl. "~",,n di .... ",,, J,"-......, """") >dopt,".
r ne",i,,, .... n"Hi.I,'> Hg.''''' d" 1", ",,,,,rl,,,), rn prin<ipio, el tm)'."" mi, con" raro Iloga,.
di",. Pt-ro '" 00"""''', .. \em\'. Ir~)',,,,, .. Iooli-
K, :\'. .. i"" ..... tr;ru~"" cOld,I., (nen',," ,aJ.! en el brawl. "-"11I...".
{n<"',, va~() rn el ,'udlo) y"""'" (a" del
En .110' d ,nflujo ocn-i"", ",. dmgioo dt ,,,,,,',0
I;,rin~e" "-,,',,m'nle), E,la, m,)dlr",oci<>-
kIS ,-,,"r(!I "'".;"
1" 'mfer", So 1", d"'lde en: no, '" o,' pliean p'X- la ",,,,,,,,iOO entbrlolg",a
...vOl' mot""" par.. 01 ,"ema mo,,ul., e, 1"" cjcmrk.c la "" ",,(., del ~'Il''',gO.' lo 4""
lriado. ",,'a 1"" "uheuk>-; 11"", ,Ic"" ,';",-c"', o ""!tOn< a 1", "O~"', en ''''''''lOO ,_,'" el o,(jfago
do k" va"" )' 011 "rn-'", ,,, ww"o, l.rmin"1. ,u p'"it'in ,,, IO""'4uionla ) p<!r-
,<>der~dla.

En 'u lru)',..,'''' 1,,, nen'"" l),j~lnan 'a"""

, '"lw~",ln . En gen.,.1 ,t., '. ,op'ro" dol
S"" 1", In.' nurnc .."",. C<W'''CI'''. " la Vol n"",io f",ma",l" un :in~"lo "guJo. I'rro ni'lm
fibra, "<"tdpe'" ) ce nl,fuga,_ c,nlr.. I". pe" . isualo"nlc '"nta' "",'IIr'''IIte,
4ue ' "'1""'"
pherica)' " u""rumle . ,1c"'Tih.,n,~) una "U". ",~"I .. ,
'" "
1-", "'m,,, 1," ",,,~,I,., " ....d,'" d"I""""'" "" p ..., d<: , ... " "" 4"" '" ...... " en b ,..,..
"" r~n\llkl~ ,k- 1><"1"""'''' nI"'"" m.i, n "'.,,"" ,I"d.~" l. "'1"'"'''''''' en l. p",,"d lIr "n. 'L><'t-
"Y'''''''''',,_. 'lO"'" meo<" "'l"'r..Jo.... ,'11 arun,",) no I rk ,,, f,,,in~ou . hll.,~,tr;'...,. ,,d'er~l,
"cll .. ","Ic,. - "h,C'rt aln.~k,1ot <lo la, at1"""'. I,~
fll~y",,, I.,n '0' " .... " un Ir.) ... '" ,,,Ionu,,, k, "'''' , . "", ....... M"" pi,.,,,
""11 ...",,,.1 ).
1'..,1" P'''' un. ,111 ......-.... do d"n('t"on '.uuNc
..... xa., ~I"" ....n ... "". L",,, ,,,,,~I_ -un , .." 111. l"1J'S flTU ' IO' '\ ' ,\TIJ\ll l"A
m" ....,.,."',.." ~''''''''UI<lo- 1'''' cllul , en I~, lfig J_l~,
,'"a"" l., fil>ra, ,10:1 ,...,,, .. , ,I",,,lan. e... gen,,
r.l. u"'" ,'",>e'''''' l.,,, f"nfh .., '" .".""'"'",,, Pue"o y"e 'o ,,.mu do U". <1<...... "1...,0'." mi
,'" , ..1,,, 1", ,,,n'''...
'I'"I.le_ I "",yi,k.~", l. p'" ,. ")",6p,,,~. -I" ,1"""."" rum,..k" poo- fi ltr...
~htJ ''''I''""J Ir..... ul<~'1 ) "" " .............. "" ,'r. 4"'" ..,., "",., K" ........ ,
... ~. COfN~u)en un:> I'"n" ........ ,.1 del.,, ""n,,,,,,, . I, u"", do la, .:wak, po...,,,,,_
'cm. """ ....., "ml"""~' 'u,'''' ,,. m,d",,,) .. "" "" Uibr~, """1"\.,,,, t
f,bn. :orn1~ lIn"., "' .......,;, ~""""" I
r "a, "1"""" ,"r.. ,.m3n al ',,'e"'" "U,_
El Ir")'e.!" de 1", nO" "" ", ,"[>C,llo,"1 " "'" 1o'g."'" o~,"a'" "l.
pruf",w~J. I'e m ... '" u<l~cn. en 1" ',...-ul<lad do.' - 4"" lo,. ."',,"" dI""""''' <k u"" .,~'"_""'"
la ,"Ium.... >en"',r,1. ,<:><Iv; ko> n,'" "" ,"" po" ""/u""'" do' ... "'I ....'fOI. <k '" "",y/,,,,,.. el pm-
lundo..... s.~ .., .... ,le""". al,......... '" """"....... . ""N'" .. ,,....,,Ino . <fU<" ,.................. ,IIIeri;oa-
po... r"'''' ..... ) ,M" ... p<n1\'''.......," pmlunJ<,.. ,..,1 ........ 4"" ""1"""" ~......,.. <k fobr.... """ """"-
- 4"" c.da fibr~ ...."". ... ,.,"',,,, 10 ,.....
. N~rl''" >u,.,rfrdQk~ 1'"." e,, ,",,,:Jd,, ""~,,,nl .... la 'IC"r-". po"- un d"PI"""" ""'l
'r< la p,d Y la f.,,,~ 1"1""",,,,",,,1 deba;" lid """'rl0.l" ) d. I~"'"''-''''''' ><~"" d ("~."" " d
'oJ'o.I<> ,..,1,,1..,- ,ub.:u,i",,,,, 1"....~ ,,""',,;i,...;I.., '0)'0.1<. i"""""lo: 1') .... 11.''''.... I"'r. l." nlU"",,"
...on,~" 1">( ,~"," 1,,,. _"""","'01,,, 0.1<:1 ,..--,,,. """",1"" ""u>ln..
<I.-iI"r~,
2.\ ~n'''" /H"'I""""" I"r......"''''' "'1"".......... _ ""~ ti , ... " ........ "''''
<k U". , .... ul.",
,oo., <"><1:"'' '' dl~
..,oo ) de una ,,,..,, aclo.
ruU) ",noda, co",,, 1""" "" , ...... ,ro", "" '''''''.
,.1. Se """'~'F.i ",Iam"",~ 4"'" "'n,,, """.'" I"''!''. u, "."....". d" re<!o,,,,,, ,, I,"-o pro-
1'",UIl<k" ""I".a" 1.. , pl"K" .el .. I""" ,,,te, ,,,'1"''' do la, .nell., oc la ,''o ,,>dad ) ,... 1..
""".:ul,,,,,, 4""
.-11<" '" "'UI"'"
r...",""ote"",n'. ,,,,,ontr..."'.10 ....1", O" d , ... ) .... ,,, .kl """oo.
,:on ;>r1cn". 'ena, y IInl.lO<o' I",m <,,.,,IItu", Su, .-...... , '" <,"n"n",." 1"'''' ("<n'" un. '"
~~. /_'''''~>/ ...n. "(_rr~ "", <O"""U. do """ha., n",ILo,. Lo, ,~ .... , "(on'n
u,,,, d.""",,,,1Ol "Iont""" "" c<I1<In "" 1.... ,-....
.:. Na ....... "'KII .. n;"'n''''' l.""" "'.....,,] d~ la ",00"". 1.. " I//IN"" " <",-ul.n en b
~"",,'I'" ;"'c,(. ",,,,ola,,,,_ Lo. Nr"""" Mm
, pie"", ne" """"
'''''''W.,n, ,,"'poi'"''''
I "-", .... " "" que "~...,,
1,,, ,. "",., 1,,,, n."" K") r.ma., """,,,,,, POO'
1.0< n."",,," P,~","'.n r.'"", ,,~"u"'c"".'
1"'''''''''''''''1 en' .... ,1, Se ,r.,. de un <amt>t;, 0.1<: """".",,', .1 I'n ...... lO'''' ....
fibr.... en"" do" ncn'1'" ,,,,,i,,,,, (] ....'''' un ,an
r ho) un n."" ... ,~"" "co "n,,,, do- tI<"f\ " " 1\ . t~ NU. S UI \ I \1I
ale,ad<". e",,, ,......... comu",,-..,'''' lan.,'o
"""1 ... """den d." fin, ~n _,m'I" ~" "l<"
do:,,"c"n ",mu unl<". "N,euo. ' r.. ",,,,,,,I,, an
"t'om><: ~'~I,I''." I"K la ....... r.m'" pa,alrl.", l:'xplo,,,d';N tlirut . Po.:", ,"'" "" "'"
pI.~o ""'''' .... w;,,, ti . joJl",. ,tI..,~,,,. ,,,u~. Iocr, lo "'r......M "'."'"'C'ul"'""';~Ic> C","M> po"' ...
~"). od,c.on...x.,.). en lo. <.... Ie, un n.",,,, 'or e.plor.oolt" poo- l. palpac ..... ~.n ~II", .........
~n.k de .... ,.. ""'" de ""JI"II) ..... h'~. 11 do""roIl"""" 'U"""", """._ Y d", ., ....
do"..e. do .... II~)"""O '.".obk JI"II' u 'un,... ,,,,.Il10,, po.lpatok El d'on>l1CO
Lo-. pI~.,,, ""1'",,,.,,,, .....
<t ..juII''''' <lo , .."'''' <k ~_""" ."",,,,,,, ~",c un ct>OOCu"",nUl .""10

,m'., lit""""" "'.IIt,-.

roN,""" u"ido, oc ,e~ulat . <k l. '''''101111. MI,,,,,,,,,, ah"ad".
~
- <lo "",., ... ~>p,,,,,~, /rMju'km/. I... gu <lo 2, f:xpl",,,,,,. " tI/,u",. U"l lIa la o,pItn-
-'" e"""""",ia dol for........ '''''''''enrbn1l''1!'u . ,In'" fu... """" """
la, 'or e..............
"" pan.,...
la ""JO
po de COI\I"''''1n1 \pI~." tn.y .. ,al,""'bar. <l . <lo"""," ...", <101 ",-,,,oo. Se .~pItftn
"'~, loo-: lo!. ICm'""", de M'n,'-'''''Io>d (."...~,.u: d

~- ---- - ,
FIg. 33~. o:;trpo""_ _ , do...,
tbrao _ _
rMmO (Hgu<! ~). 1,"""" ""_: ~, "",,,,",O. 3.
le_rol y 5. CfIQO. ", oang"I""" .
wada d~ /m-m'>("u/Oj ",,,,,,,mk,,lu. p<JI' ~I M'
"a ,.""",,rdn. Im{i.<",<JI: lo> r~fl'jos de 1""
toa"_ ~I a",ur~ la conduccin. y la' uruc,
"'s que ti dirige ("""rin g~"riea. ~all.l. por
.;:mplo).
3. l:"pl"",,;611 ,1IC1d, s, Permi'e ."udi.,
'- corriente.' dtc,rici> 'uscllada, por el fu"-
cionlrniento """,i"", o bien .,.il.r 01 ""IV;"
pi1l ,..,.."", un.~>I>"""''' """.,,.a.
;en;",i"l,
moton" ,.<:relnri .
B. V id. del Mr'-;"
El ne",io tic". .ida propia. m(\cpendicnlc de
lo!. rgan< que l nerva. iO.".!oC manifi.~la:
_ en las rnfnnli'<i(J(/" de lo> ",,,'os (poli .
""uril;', neu,;,i,.,umores . '~l."'):
_ en 1... I""umaInU,. de lo, ",,!V;o'" ,100-
acin. <-un'pr."iII o .>ec<:<lrI . La J ff("iOn de un
.,,, ... m
_ ___ 2
~ - --- '
""'""*""':',
"o",io. <km, de las r."".e"sio".. ""h.. el
f>rg."" inervado (in~",;bilidod. """'li<1, , atro-
fi., "",,,la, di,'e"S""", ele.), """,oca un p"""'.
'" de Jq.rn.roc;fm de l. pano del "" ....io <U<
ha Qu<dod<l ." 'parado de ., u, clul .. de origen.
El cabo cemral manir",,,. un ""r.<",o de rtpo
racill po< proliferacin conjun,i .. de los no-
ne.' y de los cililldrocjt.'. 4"" 1I~an a l. co,,,,i
locin de un ""uro",,, que .. opooc. la ekatri.
locill nervioslo. 1... Ju'~rQ 4uir'gic. del ntr
vio 1'<rrni,c ()btc"", la ="1'<"",ioo de 1", fun
dones rom.lldoda, 1"" <'''c.
La d""pcicm ,}, ,i",,,,,,
"",,'iOJo "rrijiri
('v compn:nOe los capflul"" ,igu"'n'."
_ N< ..... ;o' era..tol.,.
- Nervio, cspinak~ I raoquideo,].
(Los "" ..... ios de los miembrm 'U1'<'"'' e in
fefo, . on desc,il0' con l nal0m. de loo
miembros.)
_ Si,lerna "" ..... ioso aulnomo ("<gel.li,o ).
VII
NERVI CRANIALlS (ENCEPHALlCI)
[NERVIOS CRANEANOS]
36
Nervios craneales

1",,,,"0" >trifJ.;,.". 1'"",,,1< d""n~u,r

~_
vlj""'''''. ';1""''' ,l' ,,,,,IHtI,.,~
_ k" ,,..,...,,,,
~ desig ... ron ~', " "'" ""'" le" "01'11'",,", d<JI"/~',,,,,,,,, """ ,,/ " .. ,,n"";ale, ) dchtn
...... iow<o " ... ~ '''''t<~UN ~~ .-)/"~,,, ,/~ ,,,. "" cn.. ,,<lcr"'"" 1"" "'I"'rnd": w ,i'lu l~ pn
..."""", (01''''0, ' ,,,00, <d<., ) 1"'.... , ..... rl "n r'"'''''' .". de """h". I"'nfri ... ) ."j "'u"'"
_ pIW f~ "" "" N>e "" ... ,"",on.. ~n <11 1:;1 " ...." ..... " ...1 pan
d pnmc ........ Lo "',...
el ~ y~" ~I Ir"r.;o cr.:cWoro 1C<c",InII. 1"'''' el .... ~"nJu ) en el udo ,n'."M' I,,,,,~I,,,
y ............._ '/<' '" ,... ,~,,,,m "',. m",,.,, .", ,"," bula' lde S.. ""' I ) ~ .nlll" "'1",.1 "" l.
rt/JIIW ', ronc<> cc l>nll l ' ,.Ien .Id crJirlC/) ...Id ea l.le C"" ,1I 1"'''' .1 "'Tl.'=;
por forirocnc, do l. ha", par. 11c~"r a "" 6r~. _ lo> ,,,.rI,,,, "".,,~"" 'N ',,/,m,. ,,,""" l' ,,,.
_,,""dk>< ""'".,,
" ""o.. doc. 1""'" <nnul., <1"0 'un. (11.
",,,'r""'lr"'N~"1 .1,;\"", 4"" d h,~h"" " ..
..,,"' ...... ,..."m,lr. 1'''''' .......C1I 0Ik1."t<.1.""" ""
..... '" <JIf.,on": (11 1.......... '0 6" uco; 1111 1. .... , la linea ,n<'Cl."n. de 1"" Il<"koJ, nno"" den, 1-
io .,.,.Jom,ooo< 1"""'01' <>cul..- cornu n(; IIVI. <;b. de la ... ~ ........ arin de la I"" ~ ...,.'....- )'
..... io ,roo""" Ipal~"c".I , (V l. "'"" '" m~m, . mecI",1 de 1:;1 rnCdoula:
*" (VI I........,,, . 1Id...'.... I mol.,..oc"I .., . , "'r, 'v,,,,, "'" 00,,,,1,. I"""k~,
_ lo- "''''' ...
...t. (V II ) \ltlI>o, (....." ....,.. bojal " ,me"""d,. ,.:,.1. 8 ","""-~';nF". 'o
IpiI1051.,:o'. Inrt'n""".
tio rospoc"'-ame n,. : I VIII l......... lO 'c,IIbIIl""..,.. gIl. """"""'", 1.""""11:'" ""~,n.n .,ri. ~ l.-
cltarlr"'H.ox' ,ucol , 11>:(. ,.. ,.,.. ... ~I,).,of",fn 101;11"",",". Su, ",!ele." ""~'''''' 01"""1'"""'"
f<'l' IXI. "",,'lO .a~,,: IXI( . nervio ~u",no la col u""Ia branqu,al.
'0\11".11 y [ XII I. ",,,,,,, h\pi~ k"", (n,ay.... l. " En el '''')'' 0 <lo 1", neIV"" "~"",',,, ....
Io. <let.. :.\:>di"", .1 ........,,, u,.,."",, ong'''''' ~""u ."'''''' ,,,,,,,,,,,
I"'fi(c'nc"'_. nI<"rIUdo 'o.
*' efI lo ' - dtl ....,.,""'.
Lo. "",..,-10\ ........""''''''''' "'" ",n>Ol', . I,,,,
twn"..,......

....""v"'. """""'," mI",,"'. Mil<"'" do ell""
toIIlic.,.n Ji""" I"'''''\I'''f'lillca_, d el ""cm .
00I",n6",1<'O (",ten,. ""'v;""" au,6non101.
Coda uno de ell"" ,>,...: n,. """ I"me':
_ uno" ce",,,,,, cn<ef:llico>. ,,,,
~ari",
r/ft>J. lo, ".,n,,,, rmlfWl~, 4IX roo""")en
n"
on"" ,,,,l. """ ,,,, CO.'UIUfIe<o:
_ un 'n}'<dO prnft"..... wn ,." ........ (ola.
...... l.m,,~1e> )' co .."."",anl",,-
1. ,\'''d~''j ""JI........ Se d''fIU<O<n en do> 0.,.
Unn.,: una n.. di.11 11I 1"". IV par. VI pa, y
XII parl y una 1~,.r.IIV pa'. VII par. JX p.1f)'
XI "",l. E.,a di"",. <"Olumno .,. H..,,*,,, !>rUII'
..... / y corre;pon<le n"'e"l,,, deno'lIdO> ""
101 omJO b.""".".I.,. (8<Jo"y l.
,\'''d~,u .u. i' ....s. T.mbn ...... dI"
2.
pun.tO> en do> eolumn ..." " na 1.,0ral (nlCltO
..101'".,..., "'" V p;If) Y un. med,. 1 1VII bo . IX
YX P""'sJ).
-l. 101" .... , ~""'r"'/r'. /r'''.''/u J C~ . . .
_kuu . e"" ftttIXocia son c" ,..,mOll""",n'e
compl'J;<' p"'" la, ru", .. '1I<>Ior ... .. n... ,,,.,
y ",",,,r;al " ,nc"ud" e"in ,,,":0<1., .,
1011..
de fibr., p...,ml'itlco> dol ",len,. IUUlII'
moro .
5. "",,1"1,.
",..IIi. PNA 1111....\0 .~ rmi
... 11. Se ""n,,,,,,,,. ..; a un pe",,,,,,,,,
fik~...,.
viu>o q"" eme,,.. de l """,bro. nw~1 de ,. ",il
olror,a mecli.I I..,unhe.j. Se d"'M< 11",,;.
.de l,n,e . 1"" debaJO d.1 lbu lo olf'1<"'o del
,..,brO)' med,.' .1,1"'"'' Iw.'<klelil ,,'f.,.,.
no. C .. ando., .""'pk'" ",.",;nl "lI.on.e u"
pl..o cuy'" fil e,,,,, .., .ocuen'''''' en la m......
.......,.,1.I""ro d habu 1I....>ado II lim, ...
cn OOsa del .'mol"",. pero roo 1"'- ..... ..,.
ein oIf.."" Il~ un n",HO en ",,,reMcIn. eu)"
n."luc in .., debe .1 desarrollo importlnl<
del " c'v,o "" f nllno e" . 1 homb'e y en ,...
n,,,mfr........
HO No ""

1I PA R 1 ' t. 1I \ le I (lI .t A n HUI 1" ( \ <~...,
"1"''''10' ,le la "11""....\,,. ".'~' ~,
111 PA R 1 ' .:M\ I( 1 (WI'ICO , \ " "'" ' \>am'"
,lo 1" ,,,,,.... ",~. ~ "1 1
"""'" """,,' ,,'" In, 'nfo"' ''''''1 ,to-o,ruoJo.
I~ ,"r. "",,~,rn 1"" lit>r., ",,", .~ - 1"""'"
"" ,...:ul", ,le 1" 111,. ,'1< ,1< 1';)1

1111 PAR I. ' M\ 1110("1 UJ\lIrn lM S< dl_"n~"", d n........ """'''''''} d l1li<100
[MO I"IlM OU IN\M l 'O\ll/lo 1
"".'~
IIVPARI :" .:R\, U'TMIIl'I.t:,\N
II',\") .:'1"11.:1 11' \'~a ..., ,",c" ,n,
" ,\',kl,u "...,I,i"".
b U" 111" l." ",-.. "
41,: " ..:,"" 1", tot>ra, prown,,''''~' .lel ~.>n!it
,"'ul,.""""".... p: ~:'ItlJ P<,,'h,... .Id IV parl ~3n~h" " """"n. ll.
IV PANI j\ f;/H l!.~ TItIGI;.II1,\ I.'~. r ,\ ,.
lir'" \ \ \) ll..h 1'ntc1....~ a ..... ...
(i~_,...rl

1'~r, lo tr j.J:t'ml,",1 1""".. n'n"' ..... ~ l~n_1 'fU<" l"'oI<IfI:a 1\;0<.. . . .

ha l. co..UIIl(Ia ",,,,,,1 11""'..,.,.1 <1< la ........
Sr ~ " ... ,..x oc"'" la ..... ",. _ul"'''''' ,lo.' la ........
,.... ~ ..... " " ."........ '", .... ....... ' ............." t. l. ,"'",ca l ha"" d ....,.Iun':ul" <-crd",1. ',XI

....... ...,.......... ,,-..

"", ..... 1"" "'~ ...'......... "'~ ..,." ,,", " ...... ' , _.. " 1"'''''' "'''111)0 a n,,'~1 <1<1 pU<n!< 11'...."br--
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"ti " .....'0 <n<da heul<'c",bnll l lil' l)6~ So

oo-

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, En"", . . .1_"'_
fIg. 333. .......... _
/wgun _ "' .... _ p.. ....... C1t1_1 ....
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Ie_""
... IEolOOO" W ~ . 2 nudOO""-"",,, 3. """'" <IoI_1rOdear I~l . _ _ _ ......
nwlO: 5, ............. _ _ _ 1_ <)CUI;>r . . .... ""","""..,... .,.11II<io.1: l. _
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"""'" 1"""'" ""'... 11 ""' _ '1IgO II """'"" CItI _~ . 12. _ _ _ CItI _ _
1_..-J.'3. .................. l . _CItI_y6<, .,.l~ ........ CItI. _ _ ,.,.le _ _
_ CItI ..... " ..., 11 nudOO _ _ 1'. _ _ "'""""" CItI ' ..... ,...; 19 _ M ...
"-""1 b. _ _ _ .... ,,_ICItw.-. e. _ _
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IX
PARS AUTONOMICA
(SYSTEMA NERVOSUM AUTONOMICUM)
[SISTEMA NERVIOSO VEGETATIVO]

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40
Centros vegetativos del sistema
nervioso central

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43
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44
Bulbo del ojo
[globo ocular]

DESCRII'CIN
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oo"d. p",a" l0' "'0' )' l0' ""'l0' ",hare'
ron", po,le,io<~,. o.: caJa l.do .' " ~n..""""r".
." b pan. n...~hm", un ror."",,, 1",ifi" "1 P''''
....."'" c,h ....., la,!", I""IC",-",-"'.
El,,,..,,,,,.,, ''''
i}i,,,,,1 """,,.;ur COf'< 'rooJe
lo ("n\Ca. Amplio)' m'al",lo. 'u ,,~unlcrcn"i.
.~, 1011..1 h,,,,1 "e'I""I,.,.1< la c.pa ""er-
"". El pun, de unin n Ila",.do '",I>.. de /a
cI'nr" fCKlc/"~''''''''' "",,1 (r.~. ~37,) ",l ....lI-
Bulbo doj oro 445
S. P"'PIldO inIm",; 6. iro; 7. punOa 8. ~I<> ",,$rOO ~ OJO Y
1"'00 pur un "oOOOClO ,,mla,. el ." no ,'r",,1O
,k " "d"J'u t"""'/'i"W d., Si"hI ... ,,,,,/ (f)~ .
4.'X). blC wnJ"':lo "enc el ,'a l", de un. ,;a
I;nf';ea "'Je '" C'~l\unic ,d, con la dma'"
,,,,,"nor delbolbodcl oJO y adela"l~ ""', 1.,
na, <le la c",Ic"I;e .
v.-
b) t:)k M:A. , ...- ,\ /Cmrallfig . 4 .171: e,
una membmna lmn'paren'e. enea'traJ. on la
""""ur. "",~,iur de l. ,-"",lcr(~I{'a. Con.' ''IU)'C
el .""'" .n,eri,,,.1e la ln"o 1,lerdlle".,n, l,
_F",.""" e, un ,ogmcnlo ,le .,r... buceo
cuyo r.l<Ji" e' n"-',~" quc el dc la c"-)cf<\(,,,a. lo
"OC e'pliea que "obrc",lg" ;,lelantc , Su dl:!""'-
lro lrdll",.".1 ~, al~o ",.)'ur quc 'u <l,,,mclro
\'e"""!. Se d ,"inguen en cll.: una ""'" ",,."
/"",. ,'or"~", y j,,...huntcdc,'iJa 1"" la, 1:I~r;
ma,. ~U< ,< c""ucrllm on ",Mllaclo >n el .i'e
c .. eriM. ""ro ,,' ",ulla 1"" lo, prpado,
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dmar.> anle,;,,, <ld boll>o, ...ula' y una, m",,
"..,,, I~ . UI"Ja. l. ,,><:k:rtica. ni,-cl <1<01 hm
bo ..... l. en", . En <1 an.... ar~). el I"nbe> I"'"dc
e,lar ndl-c .. lo 1"" un. li"". de "'""'" ~,j,cNl
(.","0 ,,-"nilo gemnloxo.f\L La ,'moa o'" ~n
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cie en l>i,cI. obl;cll. b"c;" "Ir... E,le h,,,,1
",'alll3 m, 3m"" y a""jo ~"" a lo, lado,. Lo.
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,lel hulhn ocular f".ma".lo "n "'pi"f.o",.1 ,el
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oon Uorwia do> /lf/tI-
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UI' flbr., cen'rifuia , po"n por la, do> ltn"a,
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I.. ERVIOTII:OCU:.....It . NERVIO par1en "" tli,,~~n .,,~,. ,.... ~" .ha.i<> ) 1"" ,.
t'ATTICOI 1110 "kd, .. ,,,,!..,,.
I"'r. c"ln,>.-ru'a"-<" r ., 1.. >iI1
1;>0.1" "1"""''': "~I,,, /'H ;,"', d~ n~rn... _
rlt'tN' .J"" .',..;.~~" 1.... d n,,'" ..." '" <nIItII
do c.l~ "p.1
101 .....100 del ",,,'10 11"" ........ """ ....... ,'" <TI
d p<dunrul" cc ... t>n.1. dd.aJO .Id nde<> ,1<"1
...,,"' I'O,,,cdo:"',,. en l. "' .. _'. ~." 'f"C ro-
de 1 ",,1Kd...,.., del m<""" ...d.l" Id" ~,h '01 .
l. altorn dd <"<,I;COK> 'nt." .... I'o"""ul" cW<ln "
~"''''''''' I""dorl. C"""IIIO)c 1 ,su.1 4"'" el
"udr" '"'',"'0''''''''' dd n. '''oln",'''",. un.
pfOl(",~",V.. , cF.o ..... na del ,UCltk' I.. '~I :u",,
..,.. dc l. n,"",ola <>1"""1. 1.1 ",)deo tld n. ,ro- "",.. ~,

de~' ,j ron" .. ,ado. como el dcl lO. ""ulomo .. ", "",' """" de
~ la, robr... ", ... "",.."" ...rt' I(~"'.olo !Cmeu ) el Uf"'''' 4"" ,,,.... ~. 1"" "' ....
1;>0.1"1 . 1 km ..;",,, rnro,., l' la On'. dc 1e .. 1
mct!,ol. a la. 'la. coc"=, l_ud"" .. I. _ lo.
l:. T n,",. u) , tl"",ioM>;

"". <l<,~.n, el
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n la Orh,,~ l. 11""....
1 11.
11 .. lend,no-.:> ,'<l<nun 1
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p"~ 110:,.,.1 """le ,u[><.,j,,, ,lel
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l . '"d;d", d~1 ~d" c ~ lo .. ,,~~"' lfi~
J~~) CN'" el ""Iol"",~, "o .... I".. ~"" ,up<n(W',
 lO ", I"d",," ",., la "nen, ,",.:bel"", 'ul"";"'.
Se " 'a a Ill..el de la c""'unk""",," menor ,1<-
la ,.,oJ, dd ,"",bo:lo entre el 0<''''0111010' I,n<>-
\O< ",,"lar comnl. que", en,:ucn'", ,,,iba y
modialmen .. [aden,ml. a la. r~~, ud "'gfm,-
no que .>I';n ,koIMJ")' I.'crak, I.,"ral.
2. f :n {a fH'ud laltml/rx'",n<r d,1 'Mu
"'r"..o." (r'g. ~.~31, So , ;Ia .1 p< indpi" ",,"-
baJO del n, oc"I""",,,,.-)' po, <,,,,;m, tlcl ocn'lo
oft:ll"uro. p"," e"",guIJa "r""", del n. ",:ul<>-
"""'" y '" ';ta p"" ~"c'i m, ,\el """io r",nl'l.
wno ,ure,i", ,lel ofthn,'. f"'" ~1",,,,nr.ir'cI,,
en l. p;>nc "mo,i", tlcl "'TlO ca,'c,"""" por .".
,im. d. la rama '''I",,,or,lel n. oc"I,," .. ~( ...

~_ f:n la fi.'uro urbilarifj ,'up,,r (hMdidu .

.. tS/MOitl<llj. S~ ,,,a po, "1<"". ~' la'eral
mml< al al1,lI" leno1",,,,,, e':>m,;n [de Z"",[ ",...
diaJ Jo, n,"'." f .....",.1 ) Iag"''''1. rama, ,lel
.,'" i<> "ftl nlio".

4. /-.' n In 6rM/a . Se <t,,~c addaH/C) ,,,,,,I,, I

"""",'. enffe el m .... uln elevad.". del "';'Pad..
.. pe';O') tlcl teeh" ,1< b ...... "".
FIg . n, COI" IoIfI",,, dfII_e IPf~a""al
~ ,." n.
VII Mr ".., ( _ Delma.!. ,. """""",,lo
se mM,.,; 2. """"'" ... "'aI
<:eI_
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superior. 3. """~ "'" ~

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f>.deo _or do!~. 1ao. 1: ti, ~b< .. tt .............1M do!
_ _ o 1, gangloo <101OOniculo ,_"""",) Y 7' .....
,lo petro"" 1_ _ ) ma~or; e ......... ~
loar1"'' ' ' ' .',' IIOO]y
9, r>.J<:It<> del n. ifiter""""~",,

ll. lliscribucin (fi~. 4~~1

Algun., de ., us mm., co'ator.tle> C";I\ tIc'l!-

n ..l " 1..meninge', Su I'UnU. ",mil",1 lleg.
al "ortk <"pe'"'' de l ""h.. u'" "I> lieu" '"['<",,'"
, 1m~)""-I. "n .1 'luC ['<"neff .

t~. Ana''''rn .. ';.

, pi",,,
, C ... n el
lofllolloo)
ca,,~idc". ~,~, el """''O
",,~ad. po, al~un",\. un "in>O re
~ih.,

, eu,,,,nlc >t d. IIc~"" l. I!~"d" ocl ,"",bel"

,." IVI P,'RI. ,vER\ IJS ;\/JI)IJCU'S. PNA

,. fig. ' M. rldyecro 1"""...., fltIj """""' ".141"'" .
"""" oIIa",,"'.~ ' """',., <)pIoco: e, _ _ ocu/ooYIOIo<
NERVIO AI\I)U Cl,~ TI'
IN. MOTOR OCU L AR
,.
'1 ~ """"" ~oc:Io . . . """"'" mgm"'" , y 2. _
_bular , ma>il., [""',,,., ,, ;"1<1<000 Y ~''''I,
EXTERNO I

_ameOle' 1.......... 0MimI<Xl coo w.I rama s;

"" .... 5 ~ i mal 6. Iron"' . ~ 1. 1O<"''''acoOl> <lO'
_ .r 1""'&locol on 01 mu"""", 0I>0<v0 "'"-"" ,....
pi
El "<,, o .bo,hKcntc 1nll"'" ocub, .\ternol
IVI par [ ro"" ,\00, ,,,.... /c"'"
 Nc/~" prilf, ptJl d",,QI. S"""'.h, I>oJ" el
colicolo f"",.1 11;, cm,,,,,,,,,i" 'e re, 1 .Id pi", del
IV ,cnlrkulo. CCJ1:a de la linea mcd,ana. <..:onlO
lo, p<eeeJc01es. 'le eneucnlr" po' .""ima det
"d"o del 11 . hil">:I,,,,, C<M"O"''''><lo. 1")( la' fi-
bro , "aciJa. Jol ",lde" dd n. f",1 ,iluad"
",lela"'" j' l"or"lmcnte ("a", fi8_ .1.1.11
2. ",,,</,,, aru.",io "''' Iral. S,tuado mi,
adelall' ,ie",,,,,, en el pInculo eere""'L
E>te H'JO"(O "<I' e"'''''''ado: "(MIl, ," "0-
lum.". Hbr.. , ron,<o<'u<le"res If...... kul" ge-
nieola<k"I, con la va ""n,i,i,'a "cocr.1 llem"i,.
,o II","-'iall";01a o.k ReH ,,,.,diaD. <0<, ,,,, Ol"-'"
nd.o, (I\:UI<M1I<M,>r<S 1"" d fa"'...ulo ' ongi,u-
di"al I""te,i,,,.. ,' ,.., la "a ,~ ".. Ica, ,,,,,,ht;,,a, )
,',," l. da ptira 1""'- IIl1c""cd,o Ikl coHculo
'ul"',i", 11,,"',cu lo c":>Itrigo.'rnin" a"te,i""
11 . O,.i\:," ~p. ,t"IIt ,
El ''''''''0 <IIIe'g" del "'MI\: e<rehr.. 1 "" el
'U,,"," hull>opoolino. """li,1 ..1 L... ial, Su , fil>ra>
"m"ie",,, el puen'c. ,le "Ir, hacia ad""an'e
C. 1'....., ....to,' rd "cio".'"
Ik '-l!e.u on~en. "tu",1o en el p'''' >O>"""'"
del eru",-~,. el """io '" dirige lateralmen'o lo..
da .focr.. , .rriha j ' adelan,,,: I,..""'''a e" d Sffl)
"a<"C",,"": .. Ir.v",,,, la t,uc. ,><hita,i a .up'ri
Ihcndidom ,.,.fenoid.I,; pa,a po r d ."illo 1<-m
n..", C<H"n 'a"ill" de ZIIIIII. Ik~ la rbna
i"'r. le,mi"ar en el m,Iseuln re<l" e"."",.
1_ /-.' " la fo,a po,'r,ill' ,Ir lu ''''''dad , ...
"rana. S, ub,"" en el .,"""'0 ,uba''''' f\I,!dto
<le l "gulo l"--""o,:~,.bclo",. I."-m lm<n'< , la
.....,a """b,. Cru,a b >un" ,le la 1"'' "
pe<",.
,a <kl 'e'''I~,r.1 "n' ''. (le l><rfor .. , la i"'''--.J poi-
,c,i"r ,Id ""~, ,a".flk""'. ,,, .1'' ' '><'>10 , l. <:o-
,>dad '''ge",,,,"' ,ca'u,," (le ~ h'd,el"fi ~,.!IoOt
) por <k1>oJ<' ..Id ""no 1"-''''''' '"I"',i",. (E. >
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,le e"e buc"". 1">< "o"'I',,~ni,,) ,Id ,''-',,'o:'''
dfO"''' <le G,a<le,"go,)
2. En ,/ .mll 'OI'Un,m'. El aboJ .. """'i,,
,"en, ,VI p"'l"'ne,m en d ,,"crio, dd <mi.

Fi. o&O. - . """""" <fI/.

"" 1 UOO ca_naso, ...... .....
"C<, lado "',1>0. t . inlun<l,bIjo
<100 l'opOIaIamo
_
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OOIico, 3. a ..... ~ .

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FIo. '61. F_. 0tf><I_""",,"'" r -,,-

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l. ANATOMIA FU'\CIO'lAI
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'lue r"'mece l. ,el~IK'ln 0.1< la, ",n<c",,,",
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mmem dc ,'o'lu l., 10<"10.1.'1 m"',,',k,,.,... ~
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49
Auris interna, PNA
[Odo interno]

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l...1 red.ul d"ooc h.....," una n...," .... ,"". ) .;"n." . SI1l ."'b.., ... k" "hli~,,\ do ,,"~en
,wh,," 1,,, "u.-k-<" ,,,,,,bul.,"'. [,1< ", .. - ,,,,,,hiJlar ,,,,, .lIe.--..." ..... f"'l'I'ttI",,\cntc , ."
J""''' "''"''''''')''' ulI "'''" " " " k"" ,orrl:>ok"" ".,,,,.,,
toIo. ....k' ... den,,,,'..,.. " ...... ~" _le<" '''' La' filJr~, .". (''''',,''''' "" d"'f,,,.n por el
''''4 do Reil nlC'll.al ) 01 ,,,..1
'ibul..... de la ,""'"1. ul>k"E' l ""lha...I. 4'''''
..,.", ... l. """,,,t:.,,,",. del ,..,,,,ho; lo <TI la, lun-
I~""",.:" n,,~loal l,
oc \ti "...,0I'Tl\l0. ..., ",,11 ....... el Iuho . "'n'I"...~1
<...... dd ",",I, I.. ~ . , ,Id ","',."
53
Integumentum commune
Sentido del tacto
a I" ~I ~ '. a la ,-~, 4 ..... l. (mol' .... dd
L ~ ... rpo. "" rpno <It .... >C1lIKlo-; ..",.
ti" ... ffl"~"""" <ecqJlOI\"> 4"" "",,'ra" la,
J'f'C'''''''''XI,It,. u'm,,,,", ) ,1oJ.I",,,,,,,. N" r..
1""" , ,,~ .. mcnlC el <!!""" ",""",al <kll""'''.
lo."
s.- ." .. en ello 'u' a,,,',,"'. ~ 1 .. n,I"I .. 'o-
d",If"''''' j' ",bcca,. pck", un .. ,. "J"k, ,'~I"la,
'" """1o1n"o y mti"", 1"" ,ul ~"""',
U. ",d cubn- el c ... rpo. 1"'''' de"''''' a 1",
ph~I"" 4"" ella 1"<'<oCJIIa. '" >"I"'';' "" r. ma-
)'ur ..... la drl cuerpo. ~ 1. eulola en 16.1lIO
cm ', !nn,1IO mnIio. pero ,-"". con ""
........ Se l. puede """.hr coo 0)' 00 .Jo .. bla,
e"aN.,,-,d., en funnn dd ""'''. d. la 1>11. )
<lrl 1'' ''''. F."" e, mo) ,,,,,,, ... am. cn c."" <lo
'1"""".10", ,1< piel I" ~" " .... 1F.,,,,k,, ,,"'...;,1;.
1;><1."1.
l.. p.., fOI'l 1. ""'" ,'U"',,,," . "m,no, .'CCI""
a " ,,'.1 d" .." <><ir", i<", " .."",1(". cn .... " .... k,
..., ,-on"".... ron la, <1"""", rn ....""' .
Sta 'SI"'s."' .... , .....1>1< ..... m"',mo rn l. "'.
"n do.Jr.:oLcn el cr.inco') rn l. p........ <Id po<".
SI> 'r.,,'~""''' :o. la ,,,,,,~on ., C(,n,Kkrabk-.
r"~ C<JII<l",ion;oda .. '" rla ... ",td3d.
Su ,,~'''' ,orla """ la "'....... .lrl .... rp<>. """
l. ,,""" ~ ....fu ,""" ron 1. "u. l):pendo .lr la
",, uh... ;t,n !.angu"" . po' una pan" } de 1",
pog""""" Corll"""J." cn la, r~ lul., pml"n,b,
de la cpido:n"". pOI 01' . 1,,, la r.,. bl.,,,,. <1
pi ~ n""",, ,'.,Ia"''' (p,~n","'" "",I~m,,,,1 <>I>."tk.
,'r .. la ;nI1"""",,, do: "" r.~',,, ul,r.,,,,lr'., ( >l'
m'''f.n ..... ".n,r",,,I,,,) ) pan",,1'" dol """l>.
1>.'10 .... '" do: la nl>monl O
11. Ilc-.<-rip<in
L JUP'ifi"... E.,,, marcad. 1"'" .m,
('tira
"""",.' "'p.r.oda, po! 'u,''''',, pl",~ ... ,.
11 E"'''f''',,, "..,,p,
,s 1111 , , ..n ., : ,,'" la,
1"'1"1,,, de 1.. denn", muy d." .rroll.od", r " la
palma de l. "",no) en 1. pI.m .. d" k.... p""
S,." ... ""'I.. ,: .... d,,',n' ......
"n
b)
"""" tN'~,""p'I"r~. ..,..dl", """ "'~ ...
popol., .... la derm 'h"" forman la., 1,_
con<"hllr"'"' do: l., ,ml''''''o...,,, d'~'O:'''''I: loo
rli,~,"" I~ I,,,,,,~,~ "'" )u "a.nKul...... ..
plo.~"", de 1""",", ,Ir la .""",1 , ,.,,, n''' .....
1'",". 1", l'''. , ... la "''''''' .'c .. )' 1...... pi ..,...
",m""" anu~a" "~ ... ,, do: "CJ'"
En 1,,, ,,1"1"'" )' ,." b '"perl"'" do b .I
'" .. I>-n nun",""''' pon>, de 1,,, ,.1nd<.<1.&i ..
doripor..... j!<1,... y ~Iilndul,,-, ""biItt"-,, fu 0In
p;uu." ........ o<o< <k Lr porl ,r:td"""
,..... ,ul"""'III.' ...1..,,,, mu "" ula~ u 6-.
10. ......
,"",,"le<. , .. -cular.... ""}" ...... "",,, <'<1nC""'" ~
".d,,, .""""",i" ,/(o '''I ...tfi,,~, Al "'......-,,, .... 1M ...
1..... ,., <"'<I""k'lo<o,. 1,,-, troeclOO<" puo<lca 1ft"
",,.. ... la ""',,""on .... 1x,1"" ..."""', ,....,..
''''.'.
I.~ '''1""11,,,, """i"~a I,,,,,,k <"ar ""o.:"r.
,'.od.,
_ po" l. apar .. ,n <Ir r"lkul .., p,I""" ...
lo.,,,,,,, lpod do ~ a ll, ... ):
- 1"" el ....... rroIln ,.., "'I'<"-""Ornk" ....
,kLI<k, pmf.'kon;o1c, " d. 'umo..." , .......
l""m~n",' n m:oI.~r.
- "'_ a h~rx,.-. P:OO'>I<I!i<;o, cu)n .....
"" ",,,,,,nMlt"''' olc n"",,,lu~lL
2. Oml prtl/~~d~. E" on ~,.,,",-"o """ d
,<,do ,,,,,,,",t,,,o,, p'" "" ,ti" <le ,,"',.,...
11t>r~,
,'a,." "',c' mu)' ,..,,,,",. 4"" lTIo,j,r..,"n ti ..
pe<:to ,,'1""' ..... la p,el (r""", f;oc,ab,.
La po.,l .... do ",,~n 1<><Jerm",,,. E..... .-.
I""',(.a htan-c Ir,.".d,,, de H''''''''''''t "'.,
l. ~".<'",... co,,,,,.u,d> 1"" ~I ula. .....
".ad",, 4"" ...... ~,,,,r... , ~ n pn.>fundodod)"
<Io .."nan en '''1'<",,; . de .al ,ucno """ lo . .
do:,,,,' '" ",nue, a OO,,,'",,'.mo,,10, .te 0.111 ..
<l., .d" I"od.. de rr<.I",,,,,t,,
l. "rono" lcm,u,1I). ,ob)""."'c " 1..,..
do:n"". ,',.\1""", la reJ ",p, tor )' b, t.........:.
"." no" ""., 1', dc",~. f",mad. 1"" n
 ..,.,......"'a' ....... ,,0.;0..1;0, cn d .. nl"~) d.
_ , J, !_T;d ,J, ,,, ""11/, .. ,,,, {I~ I. u"~, "
l_ ,
m. ~III. 1, ....... en ( """In <lo , ".""b,hd"d
l. p.d ........ phcg ..... ' "'''' 1;0, ""tb<Ie-",. u
lit" <Ir 'o,,,In." 1''''.00" IrO\b do dk" de-
bo".., ",,,u,,lm,,me 1\ .. 1. <k '" "un,rari" no '"
I'i<>bior." 1""<....,010. Su "OI",,""'''''"h' e' ..11' ,1
<iNJ"'IO; l., '''''''0I1<'' <""n.,,,, ) 'u 'ulurd tic
ben "'1"'10' '.'\10 ("'OIMI ",. 1"",111. l., lirlta.
do r.... r~a.lt la pool I"'r. no 1"''''''''''
<",~tn<~,
dr;.a, dabk, ... , ,,I.:r.n l ~, hl .... lo' ..... ,~ . L.a,
a
hmd.o, I"'Il'kl;oo. lo, pl"'IIOC' al "" ,u,,,.....,
.... a 1. n..-.- '~n"n J'O",bIr ""..,., "''''

1). A .... " .. M l. p itol

1 GII_dul," "'dori!"",u , S,~, ~lntl" la,

lobulo",. alTolI><la, ,,>brc , "',,"'.' E'l~" di
",n,,,,.dJ' ~n ,ud, la p",1. pom> ,,'" ,n1. "un...
"".,~" ""b. I"'lm, <lo.: la n'.,~,. r",me. ~"'.
2. G';"dul", . rk... a. S"" ~I"",M., en r.
<O...,; <-01." u" ' ... mpn- ."",:od;o, ""
1"'10>.
110- '1"< hm""-..... <"'011 ,,, ,.,,,,,,,,,10>.
/lo" ~",.
Itn tn la .... p<"rf"' .. do la 1"'1"," <k- l., rruno-.)
.......". n' tn 1;0 pi..... dr- 1... poc, ) <JN... I'uc-
<1m "'. <1 "ri~<" ..... '1""'''' ",,,,,",,,.
1. /',1".. SO" produ"",,,...., 'pAA' "",..,. f..
hl....,,,<, ) , .. a'C'. 4"" po, ......," "na ml '"' ~, un
bulbo """"M,, en d "I;' "1,, /"/"'" unr.odtn",
el') 4"" .,...,,,,,,,a,, ..,,
,.11" Ioh,, ... " pel,,, lOc,
... " ""a "'paniein ,..".ble ",~un d '''0
E>,.",," """'" d ";." ,"' .. ",,, tn <1 cu . .....be-
ml<wno Ot lo poel <le lo _a lK9'"
En", _ _ Ot _
1<1_, c-a
Flg . 511 . L...... !Ie L...-.goo< Las OrlelO!le_

...."'..,. ... ",,"""" H

110".1". 1"... , '" de'a.mll ... a\~m", on 01 mo _~"'_!le"""
, ""'1M" do la pu,.".d en el pubo,. <1 ''''''''-0 . 1....
""\;>') la ,"ra. Rakan .. , la ,.",
E",,,
tic la ..... rm". on"'u ..... poco d<-oarroIla
>
J l/j,.. ,r,,_5121. La, "",", <.k' lo, <JN" do <1<" (",,""1 ~n d I."mltre, C>.l.on ""') dr",mlIl~,
Lo, ,,,."',, y ..... k" ,k<Jo., de lo, p'" .'1. " f, .. do> ~n la ",,)'''''I'''n~ do 1m .... m ile"".
millo, po" ,' " Iu,"' "p"chalo' o....""., que ><"
.~I",. n """'" el/ni", ",,~u . . ,I. L. p ."~ p,m.,
m,1 ,., ""e lecho o ",a",, ~, 1" ""I~~,,"~k tlcl
, ,
,,,,,,,,,i.,01,, de la ,,~. ) ,,' ~",..... m", n,u) ' ,
,"I.""..L. E- ,n;,""icm,,", ".''''''10
,. T,jid.J .~"'~/" .. ,n, "', .....h.o. ~ .. I.; .. '''.
El ICJKIo ",oc .. ,,!,,,,,, "", f .....'""d" por 'ejido
a'lulood''''...... ,"}O e-p.''''' ) ron",,,,,,,,,,, """
,- "U) ,;u,:i/>le, lcoml"r.u. po< qtonplo. d "Jodo
< dod ...,...., lII el de 1> 1"""'" ""
I~ ma'I<'I. DIO
l "Jld.. <'>ti .' r~'e.....x. por lo, """"'" )' la""
<le: l. pld Se adh",,,, m"" "><, ..,,.n I"u(.. ,Id,-
d." " .,,, plan .." .I"~"'ur<~",,, En el "1'<""-
FIg.5'2. U'I.o. <:tI<UI ugi,,,,. '. puI>oO!le< 0100. 2
_!le .. ...... con; l."" """""'. 4. .... _
1''''''''
> <lt .'le '<Ji,l" ,",' en... ",,,',",, " ,.~" ","..cuk.. ..u.~ , 5."""''' 8.""""........... 7._
>

"
Ilan,.J." ,... ,.,..",. nlc""loJ,,, ,k un hu""."
<lo .. ,,,, '.",a 1"I'0ne .. o""I. la ,-ara prufu ..... ,-,
....... ogt.>HI e ,.1. <10 .. ullf.; 9. ~"""' ! :l'
511 0,,,...._,
FIQ. S Il. __ ....... _

ooop-_ . . _ -
<~P.t I _c-

"'" GoIQo-......,ZOfO~ 2 ~
'.

tktoI ~ "'" .. _Il

_ <lo \.o , .. , """"" COI-
11 ""ocuk> lam_ "'" P""""" ~
,..,.".'" """& .".,.. ,,0(:0_ t, _
......-_ p.a.a ..., . . -

_al . .
<"'*"'""1; 7 ""'...- lUto-
OIos 1<Ie Aul!."'I: a cor_
tout_I<Io 1(0. . . .1 8 11'_
!O .."" <lo .....
_ , 10' 1 10' " - _
" "- ..........
, , " ., t .. l. 1''''1 .... c,,,
11<"1I1r. ~I oog<II dc 1... f.n
11 <" """, 11"",ad., "'crm",I~",,,,,, CO)' -
h ",,,,,1,, ". L., "'","',."', del ,,,,.,,,. <k la """<"f'U nI "",, ",, ;,. ,,,"<><1,,
rOl el ~.n~loo ......
ICn'I""'''ur. ) del do.I", ".' ".I".d~, 1"" 1,,, .. al Ir""l"oJ<.~'I, 1.0- "'<T"."-;,,, r.d","I""" oJo ~
'~lH'-" "/,,, okll<lo lO '1"" '" d,,""~ocn en' ",""b.lod..! <",:l."'. han ,i<l<, <>1""''''''''' ~
....,.I'~j ...1", , .."'/"'... " ". 1I.",.d", d~ prl~.na !~I
V ..... , (o de Px;nij) do< lI url,,,,, <'-.1 ......... m:"
pr.., - .
(,~'I"''' .1.,. rmr~r~N< '" ... ." \k,,,,,rr
b ......... :rdcn,j,. I~,.,.""", O/ .... , .... n " ._"" l.
/.-ro"" 1> <km>,,) "" l. <..&m.. , . AI~ult:l, dC" 1, MU ..... . 1... pid 'orne "na ti ...."' ......
e" . ' ,~n"."",oo"", COIK"o<n",,, 1.., n~ ... w, ""..-i(", ... ,".1 L
.~. ok ...,;r< in pm:'''.1<-
""",H-',. ,lo: "fi~cn "~,1.'l"'. <k""""I,,, a k" ~("' I~" "'~""'. fu< hccha IU- Mm,' Ikl1m.)
r~.!"d\'" ,.. ",","1,,, ""'''',or<' .10: 1,,, rer", y " pu' S"IOI~" Ul~, ~1 4 ), 10\",," (~" "1"" oIt ..
1,,, la"" de la !,.eI """"' """,",,,1. ,~" " , II ..", .. '~I
 In'tg""",n'umwmmu"" 5 1l

- "",,,,,,I'H "''''''',',' prm'cni.n'c, de 'a rro' n, cl ,,." "ac,,1o '1"" en el adullo y J'>I"IOU-
fund ldad: "Ir.v,"'a" ,. "poneu",," a"'e, de yen M' , dad.
IOnet"" en d p'.no ,ul'l<.' u, :l II"o, "," 'a, ,".' La' anc";,, o.Ie la p,e l ,t">on<n d. un. rico
num."""". en .'re"' en lo " mLenl!>"'" 'fI.rucin '1"" ,., hare "'","'{'''Hkl' """-",,,,,,,-
_ r"'''"c,<.<, eu}'o 'r.y'...'" . " <",.r.me",c c.dad,. " ",citac,o",e, cu,jne",. en 0'1'0<'10'
,,;,uadu eTl el ~"'I() ,,,t.C"" "'"'' de o<'e ,ipo". '<'<mica,_
por c.iclllph ,. m'e". cp,~;i,,,i<,, ,upc,f",,.1
["'''''""",,a abd"""nall. 2. I'~~~,. Snn ., ,,'li'., de ,., ."<"" )
A pa"" dd pob"" ,ulK-u,i'l<'O. "" .ne,io'.' <o."to'u}". n pie"" iocn',,-""_ Lkgan la' "'.
"""'''"yen un "".", "'''''i"";, ,, uno"" un. na, ,,,I~-,,,llc,,'. ,nud"", no" nu'tl<'n<>a, ) "'-
.... _'"I',,,-ocial. el pie,", _'''I'nl</hm; ...' CU)" .... 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
~,oe ,., ..neria, n-.>n,l'>g". ,,>00: ,,,

"""Lo,'Ic~a". b, ,"'p,'a' .... ,. derm". do en " miembro, (,.". ,~ ">m" ' ), E"".
anerio'. , e,,,I,, ampliamen' ,"',,,,,,,,,- ,"ot'"''''un Jr~""J< ,'C,""" rroruOOo de 1, p,el.
sad;o, cm", ,jo ) ' >ea Cn ,. "c""" " aun. ni, el "',.- 'ena, ~"" "'m,'Ie""' ,,, r"",ia, de en' ol,u-
de ,"-, popi'a,_ bu> .na,"""",,, "'" """ r.r., m mu><"ul;"..".

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la, P"l"la, donn ...,., don.k .... ..,u...-n k>- "nra, _nI< una r... nI" de ,nlonn""""",. "no \no
lOe<>, C\"ft,,,*, 1.. ,,", poi" p;opol~l. b'a .......... ~". bin d (If,!,n de .dk"" )' de "''''''',........
n~ coo lo- ~"" fJfU""""'MC' do la. ~"n def""",
dula, ...Me".., ) .,uo.l..rip;or;o, ) ........ ,..... <"<In
1.. rrdt. hnf:l,.,.... t.. .. ,nc ... Cad. ,e"'IOrio ""M"01Irrm"/nRulud<mr.
.1. Lo piel ""lit-
".":1,,,,,, ,ie .. e . .. ' Io"f:lu,' ''' "",,,~i"<>, 1"" ul\ ~"'. adem~,. ,ucrpc' del e.I", ) d.... fri<>..
sru"" <le ",>do." linfil;"'" b,cn ,lefi",,'" ("~a", ,,,lo J'l" ' " "f"'''''') "',.. .U ",,.,., i"lICnlt).
""'''' 2). ""'" p",funoJ". ino ,amb," JI'-'< la non:<oo
dol ""1,,,
, ;. A.. " loon '" funrion ~1
~ Aui'" ".""lI6Ik . I'UJ ",,-"tilO Ilr l. n
1 ()'X."" M"" "'N,itI,,,.1.. "'''llr.....n''l~
",..,iln "de roo".."o u,..,,....
e"'...... ,udt.nl. .. "",1 con'""")' al ."."b'--
~ ;r"",,' ' _ ' AH/n." del "la""".I'UJ ",ra ......... . II~ ......
I,,'d, ~ 11~' /(JO", . c~I .. la, de M ~, ~d l_ D ,., ~. I~ ",10.1. al '''ono< d<" k>- t~;oo.. do! la-
'"",:m"'",I" ,,~, ll""",r:,,)
......-d<n ...... In... ~"'\"nlO , .." ,"'. pl... nal La. he"" ., ..........
"'" "~n,m,,,d .. al ..... " ...,.. ",.. lo" .. c""" a m[ll ' ,tIC,"..n--'~' . ,I . l., 'lucmadu,"" ., ...
,~,,-,,,,. ," ,."ri",,,,, I 01 4'" IIr" ", J'l" la .."i, <.< 'e.!",,,,,.< 1,1.,n' ~lIe.'1 <k"""''',a .. l....
pmrr"",. c""e' p"nd i"". Sr h." de,eri,o ",JI"""". ,,., '.". ....',"'M"
'.~.'"pJ!.. 1~ I ) l., "'J"'~rafi.. r:Id"',,I..,.,k.",,"-
l.,,, de 1", d"'c,,o, ".,,"'""~"''' ,le l <uer"" ~. 1-;" ~I ,-I r ., ..... El "-',,,'''0,," la p.,llra;jo.
~u",on"_ 1", la c.... y " ..... tIC, . I "a, ..., .. la, h ce elo.omon" la ,dad) el .".0.1 0 d<" "kit
110"., ,..n"" ,", de 1", ...,,,,,,, .nul", q .." ,amtl-'" p;tlo<k, . rub .."no.I<l. 0<1 . .."", . .......
,,,,,,,,mle,, k>- .nn ..I'" """'''1'''''''
1-", ,,"'n.. med,d .,,,1. ,!CIto",1
1.... "It"no. el p<"'" de r~~~ .... r....... dt"

-_.
de l. ""o"bolodad <;klll (, ... o",c (Cln ..''',n.,, )
..... :In .0 el ~,ro po><"C",,,,II,,n: .. n.-oIucon p;l-
..... I.""'ndctMel.
p,'" 1"'"""" l. ,''''""r/''''''''
do l., .... ola>..
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1>r,I .. -"I,,,},,,, u"h,~ en C,"'~'" pli "lCI) ...
J. ~~,,>';IUJad (d"lor. 'c"'"""",,r'" Por el
""""10 ,'Jml00 y h"",. lo, "",,,..,, e,''''''''. l. El ~, il " del inJCf10 p.dkul .. k, dol"'nde eI< ..
p,eI ",II,..,,,,,e l., ,,,,,,,,,,,i,~,,,, d< ''''''1''''''''''''' in,.~,id"" de >1'1"'<1""1" .no,-,"", ...."'.
 IX
MEMBRI SUPERIORIS
ESQUELETO APENDICULAR

- - -- - --
54
Huesos del miembro superior
(miembro prensif)

'".Ir" r""""~',,,' d .. _, e
E m;"",I"'",, "'IN""",.,.,.
l '"",I"" [',,'Oc
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/"" n. J,"''''',.j", "
b 1"'--01,,(,,;';,,_ El e"ud i" J", 'e"',,,' "" 'Ji. I,,, L"a .. " 'u J"'"'' ",~dia
<Id <"lude'" ,le <',," """"'.,,,,, Jc",u.,,,~ ,,, tk.odc 'k' 1'''''''''''' n,ngu"a "''''''' i"u ' ''U'''U{~'.
,.hpl""i"" O',,"" a l." f"""""",
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rT"'I"""'" , ,crd(," r;,r~ d ",""'ul,, c","".,k"~""a,,,,i
El "",,",bm ,"""ro" ,,"~ ",,,"",u,<Io., p<)f 00- d,."o;~" -u TU II "" a,"~""" I",r. el ",",,"'"10 m "
"~,, ... nl"" d ..,~"I" ~,.,."',,I '-"':'1",1,,) d~ I",al "'a)o" en '" p"rI" la'c,,,1. ,,,,,h pa,a el
'-<u l.o: ) 1.. '"',., 11"",-" ", ..",1m "'/"rOom hu mu"",ul" tmp""i" ) add .. r"~ I, .. ,a d "ou,,",u ln
mm . r ...o_ "In" , ,"""" Jcl "arpo, " ocl"".,, tkI101<I" .
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55
Articulaciones del cngulo
del miembro superior
[Cintura escapular y hombro]

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f lg_ 565. Mu,cui<l' ""3<1<>",, <1eI

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un c'p,",,'" "", .. 1;d.r.1 le .. >oI.,I;oI . .. , Ik V.I
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qO'OIT...... ll,ul"n;od.:" la'!ol . Su ..... MIII .....
i<kn'ic., 1""'_' ello, no '" fop" en la, nli",,,,,
,n",,,,,,,,,,,, ."t~bru..UI.k"
- el b'-~I" q<"':o 'u mbima "",ifl "u"tl<k,
el ''''tehr.'_o e,'. en "'1';"'''''('''' """'i,,,icn'o
~oc el bicq mntrioo}'o " ""'gu"" por 'u ""
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r;.., o<la I""icin. el hk""," e, f'otcnto, r.ipido,
c.p:u. de r~,i>l" fuc"", <~,,,,ide,,,bk,. Po,
OIra par1~. ,,'" el ""t"lm"o CII ,up,"a(',oo _'"
lIe.an 1.. carga' m;;' l"',adJ'. En >rOO a"".
en cfn"", el bkc"," e,'; prc,ic.",ente lI1a,"I\'O.
.~ce",o ""'u,,lo c' """o-;;,,io ~IJC e;lc m",,,lo
""}" en au,ili" del "'""u~, l><"'lulall amon<><l.
A,Ie",.:k la ,n",,,,,<, e",apular dd bOn'!" mn
I"buye a favorecer l. Oe,i" e1e1 anb,,,,,,.
<uanJo"" Ir"'a ele k"alltar" tr"n'ponar un 1><"
S<) '"'ponanl<; o,. en cfCC;IO, ne.,,,,..,io 'lue en
e,te acto la ca""" hume",1 00 pIerda el ,'un'ac
lo.-un la ca,'idad glon",,"o, La COlllr.>e<:ifl del
hice nI"m",,,,, ~"c c,~"a<I,,"1 m,,"," ticmpo
que 1" po",ifl la'ga 'leltricc!,,:
_ 01 bmquwl /"""'/'I(lrj e, un Il"'{)f acll"o
y pote"IO. coal4ulcr:r 4ue "'a la IK',"CIOO del
.nlobr."", pmnacifl" ,upin""iu . Inlo"",,,e
IOn'" en l. Ilni(", rpid, .omo ." el movi
mi.nto lellto y po<kmsu" en UI'" nc"Q liJa
I<arg. ,.., un gran PO:'<I), Es el I11'""ulo /le""
p'" .,celenc,a:
- el braq",,,,,,,dwl 1-"'I""d,I", I,,',~"I, .1
1"=.' 'u ""cin u"o,viellC ~n 1,,, "",,,inH,,n-
tos <k nnloo "p,d. , Tambin ,irw p.r" e,"-
bili .., la'e,almonte la o<1lc"I""oo del codo en
01 curso do lo. movimien'", rpido, y bru,_
.0'. Su accin ""i;, ",,",'ho "'., limll.d, en
lo< l1 e~lone' lenta." c"jlica'. como In de-
m..",'rau lo< "aLado. cI<"<"",mi,,~rif1CO', 1'0'
'It;",,,, ~ 11. podlo.lo ,'"on,tee' ,'ICn, "", iv"
dad en el pmn",I", ,~u,. /'n''',Jo/ ~n del~'_
",,,.. do, m,,,,imlenlo, de Ile,in . ' t,." .. da
"",nte potente,.
Son 1" "'" porcione. de l IriC~ps, l.lI """'n
priO<;lp.l. al pa,e.er, '" a'"huye la 1",,-uJn
m,Ji"l. lo.~o a l. I~" ";(", I",~,,,I La I""(m
IU":<l del "fap" '''''guro,;a """" ,,><!t, 13 fij._
ifl del hmero rontr~ 1.. e.Vldad gkl"'de,, en
ti <""o,.., l. O"en,iflIUcr1e <lel antcbr-.",..,..
tire el bro/O, Neutral". a,; el cf<ek, del pecto-
ral m.)'o. y del Iot;,i"", e1e1 d"r"o Id""al an_ 'Id "",,-ilh,
<hol. quo ,ic"" Icndencia ,lescend<-. la cabola
homeral en el '"0'''' de 1", movi",iento' d.
rue17'" del miembro ,ul"'n"" En "" nlO,'..,,"cO_ .omponente, ",o,,'ula,., ma",an "u .ahe nle
'os ripiJt" ,.., c"en,ioo, proy,'.-dn ,lel pullo <u.,1<lo Si.": .f""a la e"cn,i(", for,ad. del.,,
hacia ",lelanto. I~, t"" I""""""'S <kl lrice!" '" 'ch m",_ La I"'''''n laleral del lr<'''P' Iv."o
con"""n ,imull:incamcn'e
Lo" "' .. ' ;m",n'", del :1nl.I><;"" >(,"'c el t>ro-
'o ,uII<'''''" ,"~"'I"'f una eontracCloo ,imu l,'
neo M lo, neAOTe, y de 1m e"tO'Of\". cua l-
~Ultm ~ue ",a el movimio",o ",~,,><kr.Jo, La
cu"".n'i" "",ull.nc, ,.., 1", a~oni"., y do
1,,, anlag""i,t:
- a"'g"'" l. p,~,'i,in de los IM""""nt,,,
lento,;
- pr,~e~c l. anicul.ClfI ou "" """'O "'l<On",,
rpld ... , 10. a.; ~uc un. c.ida ,obre b U,.,'"
'u,.:ila "n. Yi~a <'<>",r",,-'CII' ,k 1", n.""", )
de 1,,, c"on"",e,; la r..",oo "",oMiguo el ti",.
yue 1"'''' 1", e"ensore, ;mp;,len 4UO ,,t. n,,-
,,00 _"'3 t~n exa8crod. ~oe ,"-~'''~>c Un" blfl
<k la articul"",n dd codo
V. 'OI( .\ I AS EX n: I( I OI( K~
IJEt. 1I1(,\ZO y llt:L 0)1)0
1. III(AZO
fu una parle del miembro '"1><''''''. de ""-'-
cin .ilindrica en el ";00 y en la n\U;er; en di,,,
1., ""liento, mu",ular~' >01, !"OC0 p'unon",a-
""', En ,,,jetos n"'''('ul, ..... , '" "Otan k" rclic-
,'e, m","u lares. 1", cuale> I""'den Ikg.,. ad
,,",n, Un volumen ,mponanl._
II ",mi", <1, "f~,, ~c/a 6,'~o~. E"j" ",,,,,li_
lUId", "'1< 1", de la, ",gi"",,, "<eo",,: hombro
y codo. pue'to ~ue la difi,i, humeml e"i
o,:ull' P'" los m""ul",,_ Se puedo:. "n ernoo.-
80. palpa, abaJO d bo,de 100cr.. I,..,1 huc,,", 1"1<
clteim. ,Id "pi.ndilo !>tcr.. !.
!l Hfli,,,,' mll,c~la". En clbnuo Si.": 1"""
den ol>,"",,~
.) ""El... " ,.:: el <kl bee!". alargaJo cuon-
do el anl"bram e"t" en e>!e""n; 6;,. '" .""_
cent ... en una ",h~",c redo,,,!cada, ~n la fle,;Q
<lel a"'el>ruo_ f', .i ~~uio.lo. latorJlnl<On!t (!tr_
cio ">feri,,, e1e1 br-.>I"I 11<1< el ,'u'm /ellnl,11 bi
p;,,,llm,,,,1 (r... Ii,li,l. b.,;., '" pIel del .ual
trd"""Urre la r,''''' r~flinr y en el ,'ual. en <1
len-io ",feri,,,- del hmm. 1"" el """"U radi.1.
Mcd'ah .... l1l~ '" cnCuC",rd el 'un'o /m""lj ",'.
p;",1 '1""1,,,1 tulnari" donde "" 1""r<"lbon lo
la,,""" de la arreF;o bmqwol q.., ,,'Corre e,te
can." baJO ., pIel Inu'",urrc, ' ""c ni,'ol. la ,....
bl AlMAS : el ",ht".,""1 ,,er," .uJ'" "",
.>len",1 ~" ",,",b.~, 100eml. la l")fcifl n,,>Ji.1
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h, l.'" k " ' ' ' ' ' ' : el ('In, ,j'k/olO. ",J., d,o.
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57
Antebrazo.
Aparato de la pronosupinacin

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,., """"1,.-...",,, '" rn~I ...."" 1", ,""",,.11""''''
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ANUO 1.. \ 1m IfMJ/OL /1111/11\"
I'H()\JlIA/./~. 1'\,1 I AM TlCULACI\'
II A I)IOCURITAL SlIl'IoR IOIII
un. " .n.. u"r"",,,,,, .
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aproA"",,,J"""',"e 1 ",n <le .I,u' . ""lo...,
y mi
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tend,da "'""-,,,,'."ncnle <le><k d bOfile info_
de la i'"-,,,ur. ,..lial de la "Ina Ic"vid"" l "'.
f lll. 59S, Uha, -'9-0"-10 _ 1, col ... "' . ... an m"i,l<, ""''''" del ,,"bi"'l a la panc ,~'""~
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, .,r'l)/o "",1<. don,le '" p,,,,dc p,lpa, y eom
pm bor el de,li"","ic"'o de l. cabeJa ...,h.1. E,
1:!I.p,nda (>O< el fa",kul" d. imere," dd
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p'",,, ., upenki.lc. Adelanle. la pan. IlII--dlal
."" ,"ubien. po' d borde 1.Ial dol ",sculo
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,.",hnon'" ""I">n,I< al C!o'ludc'o ul"., y rad,,'
Y '" un pi",'" m", 'ul",rflCial. a 1..", ",sculos
ep,condile", "1<'r~k,. Las ram., lem,in.le,
del n,,,Y~, .....hal 'O" , rama ,"pcrfi",al y la ,a
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/)/S1ilUS I'NA IAI<TICUl ACIN ".d,,, por Utl. ~""I> mm . e"'" cuh,ena, por
RADIOCUIl ITAL INFERIORI un,'a" l.go '''~lIln.

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,<>id... pero '" ,001I1"''''bo q'''' ,.
<I"I"",cioo o' enc.va mcdialn",n'e en ,en,idtl a"lCrol""'~ _
"'a 1I"' ~,,a: la Superf,cle cnc",'a ,,,.'te,,,,,,,,,,, r"r, '" '''''amenle vi,ible en 1" r.llli"grufa. de
. 1 r.lllOo y 1.. ,upe,fic c"n"e, . " 1.. "alle" ,k f"'tI'e. "~l el "nIO"",-.o en ,up in""i("',
la ul", lal cb"ol, Ade",:k un de"",",o o,igi.
MI lo c,.",ou)e <1 ,11$1"<1 ",-111-,,1,,1' /I,~m,,~"'o 2) M<,d,,~ di ""4" . La n/",ul" 4"" une e,-
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. a"icub,. 1I,.,l11e."n el ",,,ti,, ",pc,i...- oc la inei,ur.> uln,,,
l ca~ida<! 'lglllOide. I del r.llli", n",diah'II-''''''. cn
el borde ,upc,i,,, de la -,,'pcrficic anOcul.r de la
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la ca'a IIlc,li.1 de l. c .. ",midad ",ferior dcl cip",la fibrosa de la ani"ul""ill radi<>;;alJli,na_
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l', de adcbn'. h""a a'Is. )' ",icnlada me,h.l _
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p<"'''1Il >rL""''''a ulla "'/11' rfi..ir "'/11'''' ,It",- ,ig",,';deal del radio . la I"'tte n"""","'d"'n'"

l. e.be'a. mi, .It.

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eo" ~I ""en "rt,eu"," IIo~aonen,n or,.n~"'''~
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,nu)' "', ,1 , ,e""te ,~ cap,ul. , leo <1"" <"ede

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[Articulacin radiocarpiana]
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r<tinculo ,k lo. ne ",re' I li~"nK""() anul" an o
lori.". del c"rpo l, .1 "ual "",oa "I~un .. fibra':
.. omin" en l. /tISU lu".-mell",-<"ll'alnk,r que
f l~ . 521. I"'.'~$ "I~ ,,,,,~. ~ "''''/el ~ 1<>
~ """" , _ del ~Ipo /11""" ""'1'0'/, Il10-
paRX'. """,'"ui, l 'pal\,ioo'enn,nal del ",,, . (cubiI.,
<In dd p.lo "a, I"go lpalmar menor] . La, fi
bras m, lalo",1e> _'" confunden ,,, ... d origefl
"'_1
XIX uIn;tr del

~: 2, _
~'PO ~ n""""1 ~ ""XIX
del pu/gd' ' . muoculo 110 .,.. Ila,~ _1 c)OI
~rgo

c)OI ~ lIo ' IX ''''''''' CIOI .. """

de 1,,, mu",ul", lena"",,,,, 1<1< l. cm1""",'i" le [palma' mayor). 3, _ do>! -..ct", Iar~ c)OI o<,I-
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.or (Iiga"-10 ""ular " " _ "'" carpol. 6, "",
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b) III: LA ~ '''M_'' ,u('C,fie .. 1. e", ,'u\>,.o1" ....; a, ~ """"malaI Jpioo""""""-'o]. ,9.
1''''' l. fa",i. I.pone"n"" I del "",obr". ,d"..- ~,., ~"""rpiano
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tlct "pit'Il<ht" ",,,d.1 ,lo..! h""""u y en 1", ' ''1'' ,b""I. 'dlb,k>, a","" ,,,'d. <lO una CR",'" lJ'
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AN H . UIlAQUIAL I'OS"lLIlU JIl

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6]0 Mlemb<-o ,,,pe'''''' o pren,il
mdi" ) d"baJO ,Id rel"' ..... lo de k,,; ","en,,"e,
Ihg~",c'''''' I""'<"c" dd ~a'fH>1 en una ,ama
"",'OI'b""". Dclr, del e~,,,,, d"'c'l'eo par~ al
can"" lo, <ledo> "'I"'t'i,,,,, Nle"'- 4"e 1",
'eoo""".' de 1,,, de"'" 3" y ~". j' lus de 1"" 4" j'
5" i8Ualnlc'lllc " ' '''''amb,a'' "n" """"o'no,i,
'eooin",o ,>I:>Ii,,," en la ,,"Ile infefl'" del 00r-.0
(lo la ",anu.
I,,,~,,,,, <lma/: a ",,'c! de la a"",'ulacirl
n",'ac"'l"lfa"in~iea em ite 1"" ,,, ea", profuooa
una e'l'a",;6n r,!>r,,,a 4u. lo "","a.n l. oo.""
de la r" I'''8c' Imlx,maL L""~,, cad, 'e",1n re-
'-;1>< "n 'u, "'mb c.p"",;",,,,, <1.. lo> m"uk,,;
I"mb"eal., e ,"'er",,,, y "'lui '" d" ,de .n:
un. kn8[k,a """1;,,,. ) du, !oo(er.lc>, L. ,,"'-
ti""", ",. de,IIIa Mot>re la cara j"",,1 de la falan
~>c rr"'nl,,1 y 'emuna cn la c","",,,lad 1""'''-
,", d.. la fal.n~. med,a. la, l"eraJe, '" f",i,,..
nan c'n la c'ar~ d",,,,1 de 1, ral,n~e ",eJ,a) '"'_
"""." ." la c'x""n,,dad "'1'''''''' de la (,I,ng"
distal (y.oa", <k," lle dd apam'o .,,",""'" tO""'-
nal de lo> <ledo-., pg. f>.Ibl.
1>1 K n .. " '''~';'' '''I''',r",iaL >ubaI""""U'&'.
.0. el ,. ....,rpo ",,,,",,ula, "st ",""do entre.1 e,
'ens"r r.>,h,,1 1;0'8" <1<1 ca'l''' 11" rdd,al ~'I<"'"I
I",~ral"'e,,'c ) e l e"cn"" 11""1''''1 d.. 1 <1<<1"
",inim" I~" dcd"l. " .. d .. l",o,,". Po, '" ".,a
I""f,,"da. '~'I""'de al,,, m",ul", ,le la .apa
pmfu",i:J ,le la <1'' ' .". ",p,,,'u 1"'" un 1,lan"
nlul,,,,, C'n el ~ual "'",,",,ulTe la mma po"""",,,,
,Id ",'n';" ,,,,11(11. Lo" 'eoo,,,,,,",. I"ego <le lIall<',
"'~"'""..\o 1, "a,,'o ","""ribo"a. '" ~""u<n'r.",
OOj" la piel dol '~lI">O de- la Inanu. de la 4"" ~,
,:", '"pa""~,, 1"'" la f",,:ia [apoM","n"i' l (~,,,,I
de la n""",. tI' H"a, ) 1", '''''''''' ,ul"',f,,',a.
k,. En ""b ," 10"8'1<1<1."0' (on<l<oo"" ..,.u,~n.
1"" '" ~,r.. rrohJU,b. "n" ""w ,1<- ,,,irul,,,,,io-
"",' ,,<1,,:,:,,'1""'''' c'arpo y ded..,. con'r.. la ca
ra <l<,,,al ,le las eu.,I., .11", ",,:in o,'"-,,ha""'''-
". "p l",ad,".
el An ''''' : o" ,<",ia, <" ie""" 1.., !"Ian~e,
la, U",,, mn ""1"-""'''' la, 01,"'. la d",,1 1.\'1
"*,,,. 1" n",j, .. 111, l. med ia ,,*,re la 1',,,,,,,,,1
) t,,,, "obr" d """";"'l"'). 1"'" imcn,,,,,Io,, ,le
""0.1" 'n .. "" ,,""" el a"'obr~,-,,.. En ,colidkl. '"
",c'i.,. 4"" pu<,1e "" di"m'a ('"m cada Jedu.
"'10 a""',,'a a ""J" "n ,U'ju,",,, ,~""II: ~ur.>"
lo, ",ti,""ul.. , ,1<- la "~,no ,,ea.., pg. 6.'-1)
2, '\/ .. ,eulu,' ~>:I, ...." digi,i milfim i. I'NA
1\10'","1,, ,\!.",ur propi" M I ~ . ded"l. s.c
e>'icndc oc"'" el cpic"Jilo 1a'"r.. 1al .~,,, ,kJ...
01 1"".,,,,,, , , , ', ,"', rn o'1"'" " " " ... "".
, dig. 6.1HI:
1..",,,,,,..,, ,k ",..~~~: f"",,,. pa". dt La_
'. e"",n cle lo> ""o",,lo, eri.-ondile<. medial
al rr",'c-.kn'e , Se in","a:
- en l. cara poslcro", <1<'1 er"'nd, IQ laI<!oI
del hmero 1"" el ,~ndn con",n dc 1"" m"",,"
1,,, cp'c,,,,,lik:"':
- en la fa,,';' la>r>r>eum">14"e lo cubr<:
- en 1", "'>los 4"" lo< "'raran ,k: lo .. mol ..
cul, .. vc<;in",.
C"""" m",,,,,r,,,: que se de'prenOC dtl""",
JUI\1<>; '0< I",~" . delgado y fu , if",,,, . De.-
,icn,le. ",,,<l laln,,,me: 'u. fib<-a, ea",,,,,,,, I "~""
c'a,i h,,-"a la articula.cin ""hocalV" n".
TO'I/,;,! 'CI'O""Uf/: '" de, li'a ." obre l. ""Ix..
,le la ulno en ,,, , ..,., 00,,,,1 en uoa , .... ", (J>IeO.
r,!>r,,,, pror,a. Se t1"i~ oblicuonl<,di.lonen'o y
"" fu,,""o ""n el 'endn 4ue ,1 e"e""", <le loo
,ledo, envio .1 Jeoo ",""no [5" dedo j.
I".,,,','i,,, ,I.",r:~, """",j,,,tC a la ,le 1,,,, ten-
d"",,, JeI ~"cn"", de lo, dedos.
b) KEI.ALI""L~: ,">c,,,al. .,uMp<)n<urti.
l. c". ,i,,,.. co're el o<leo"" <k los dcdoo
~,
la ..,,"ln"'n'e ) el "In", [lO"eriof medi.h,,,,,,,.
Su ear~ l""funJa )' 'u 'e,><In 'en",,,,,1 ' ..... n
rcla"i,~,e, idntica, u 1;, del .. t~n,or dt loo
dedo. ,
d "'~U'''' '"
al\adc a la del e." en,,,. <le loo
,Ie,k>< )' t",~"nb")'c la i",Io>C'l<I."" .. (relO1i.
'a) ,1<-1 de,l" ",In",.., [5"' &001.
3. Mu ,c,,u , UIM ,"" eO'l'i Itlnaris. P.\'!o
I M""ul" euhilall"",'~r i".. I. Se e\11<"oo. dt>-
de 0Ie1' .. 6nd,l" I",<ml al~" ""-~""a'l'iano.
a) 1 "'H",,,,,;' ,' o '''~'-'''H ''' ''' " H",
'(~ .,. b.1S) 6.19):
1",,,', '0/"'0',' ,k, off ~O~.' 1"" "";1,,, '"",o. JO!'
,e ,le la n"", C'Hnn 4"" '" io""ta e" el <po'
e""'I,I" lator.,1 del lI",o,... l' "1"" l",mem~I ..
fija '""" dla en la ("",ia <Iue lo eubl"<' j ' ,"n h
"'1"'" ~ ..... lo '"p,r.. " \el n'On''', Irropioj doj
<I<'d" n,in""" 1"",i4""1 b'c" I"'ente) del ""_
,,I..." ",."Io"I"'e"'c: "", "NJO. en la e,,,, y en
el botde po",,,,i,,, oc la uln. j,lel cbi'ol ha>t>
d'.'eio ,,,rerio, <1<1 hu... ", ( "1'''' ",,,rr~J
C""p" mrm'"u,, .Iargad" y fu,ir"",,.. ti
"hli.uo abajo j "'ed,olrl""'<. ha,:ia la 1"'''< 01
na, ,le la a"ioula";" rJd,oca'l""'''''
re".It", u"",,,,,r. ,e e,"enO"," ahoJO. por
"ocima ,le l. nld,oco'l',a,"' , s.c dinge obIi<ua-
men te hac,a oooJO) ",edial de", oc la ~"""l.O
oc 1, "lo ... en un "a,,,,1pn'ri",
,,,''''''-'';" IC"""''''! '" h..< en la I"'rte ....
d,al dd I'ru':<.".l apof",,[ .,"Ioido...., de 1> -
tremdad '"peri .... Jel~" ",,-"..'a'l""""
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1'" d ~ ' lcn_l p">J''', 1 del \kdu mi,,,,,,,,, I~
_ 11"""~I",,,nl~)' ~1 t>onk P'N"''''' ",Ioml< u... mol"" ............. *"",m"" de o..,"" halo~
d" l. "Ina. m",ha llDl-n'c. bu ."".",.wa Io~ ab<oJU} "" .all'Ql boc,a m<'di"L
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rrut'u,.1a ,u h,, d '''p.n.,1o! .,,"uj. " ",ba. ) IM"",,,I,, ~ hdu" lUr ""l" dd pul~.r ). b ~1
l., ",,,.'1\;"'''.' 01",,,,, ti" 1", ,ml",ukJ> l>rOr,,", ""h de' Jd" y 'alc",1 d ,Ia "apa O'u""ulOl Se
,Iv-. obaJo, Su ,~"'~-.., f"I'" ,k",h de la ,.1>0.-,-" ",,'c"'... ""..<le 1", hu""", dd an'e ..... ,,,.1 ,~
oc la ,,1,.. ~n un ,.m.1 dondo '" lo... una ,am" mec..:""".....,
fil:>n".,.. Cnua """'1'-",,1:1 L. ca ... d<.>r",,1 <1<1 .,,-
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ab'8.,j, b di!" i, ,adi, !.
r"IIII"" 'nm'lII,l '1""'""< en el len.:K:I inf( .
,ior ,1<1 "",.b~J/". I'a,a. en unJ ,'ama ""wfi
t>ro,a propi,. ,,>bre la cara I:lIcrJI de l proce,o
1' llfi,i,1 c",I"i<k" <1<'1 n,d L". Cru,a la C.,a la
,,'ral de l carpo l '" ,,,,,,na. a""JO. en l. cara ,u-
I"-"rolatcral dc la h.,c del l" mct.' "r" no.
e",i"enoo u"a np"tl"oo h.,i. l0'
la cm""' ....ia ten.,
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J...
b) Il ....... , .,jtu",!.., en,u "fI~'<-"n. inn",
I "~L,,
di~la"",'ne 1>0' deb.jo dd ,upinado, Iconol.
e,''; ub"'aJ" entre c l "'cn"",r con" dd carpo
12"' ,.di.1 c qeo~) 1 l al~r. lnl<nte. l ' el e"en''''
,"><lo dd pulga, m~J,"lmcnte. """ d ,'ual m,n
1"''''' ...""""1" en ><la .'U I"n~ilud. Cu~,cno Ik~
el e>l,'n"" de 1,,, d,d,,,. lap"." l. e.'a po,1<'<o-
nJl ..1 del ,aJi", Su tend" O'1l,a ,ul"-".-1"'ial .
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l.rgo d" 1
carpo l'ad"I,-, e>lem<"I. Po, <khJ';" ,!t la e,ti-
I"itk. rad,ol , "-" ,'ud,'. ;upcrfiCl.1 ) ~or'\r'I>u)'~
a lo con"i'uein do la 'O"'-rq"<"Id <1,,<1',)"'' <l.
Euerklido 'o,,,,'" la ,'ar. I.teral d,,1 e"al<>ideo)'
del "ittucl",1 I \rap.",i",- "",
Cru/,:>du por 'u ,a
rJ rroru",~, po< IJ .neo" rad,al '1"" lo ,"para
del ""'lude", y de la, ""ieul ...i,""',
e) ,\ ... . " ., , : '" abdueto, JeI p" lg.' [>O, lo
cual dlrig< d """"".rp'."o I.,orall>\<"to ) olg"
tkla"l~.
2, M u,'el/fu . nl, ~ ,w fH,/Iici , bn ...... f'NA
IM"",ul,, n l. n".,. corl<. del p u l~ur l. Se "'-
liende Jo,,!.: 01 .",udoto ,!el anld",,,, a l. la
longe pro",,,"III " fal."'ge I c:1 pulgar,
al h 't:kU"M~" \ c "Wllll U '" '~ " "'tt
,'1fL ~'. 6.n)' f>.l()1
IN,....'"~' ''~ ""'~,-" c,l f'J"'k>, ",'1""'''
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- ~"el rad,o. ",,,,,,d,ala,,,,,,,,e P'-" J<:"'JO dd
atxlllCw, largo,
(""elpl! "''',\( "I<I/'; ,kl~"d" }' fu,i!o,me. c'
oblifLIQ abaJO) lator.I , d"ig'tIu hocia b e,,,I,,i
tk. ,ad,~1.
'Id" ,.."""",1: ,',,,,a la ,'am 1""''''0''' ,le
la e,tiloltk, y l. c.r.t 1"",cmlaterJI del ""l""-
k,,, '~rpia"". , iguc 1, cam do,,,al del 1 meta
.:arpLa"" )' le,","". en la I~" .. ,1, 1" ",I~n~,
1~""'/IIkilll J"I"" .~d kll!lll~,,,.
bl Il H A' ""'." ,on la, n""na, '1UO 1.. , dd
aboJ",'I'" lal~"-'. Se "tt,""~,,, e"""
<"te )' el e'
len"" I.. ,~" 'kl pu lgar. En la """"""/('''~' fU'
'"~""/"'''''' ro,,,,a ro" el 1~,I<l" del a ....."'"
I.'l'o el bo,,1e lale,.1 ,le la la\>;"!U<',, "".,mi-
ca; elu,a 'UIOC,fICiah'''',,'' la a"ma rad,,1. an
", de '"' .Ie.mado, al~o m:h '''''JO. po< d ,eo
dI1 del ~~"n"" la'go.
e) ,\en" " ~, .""L"" d<' la 1.lango pro".
malll ' !,Iango l Jd ru lga,- Se"u,~!.t".n_.
e, .bJLI<'!'" dell ' ,,,,-"I3c'arp .. ,,,,
.1. M,,,cu/u," n:Un" M ",,/lid. I"HR~" f 'S A
IM><ul" e~Ien "'" la,~" d~1 pul ~', I. Se ".
tiende de>de la uln. a la I"b"~,,, J,,'al 12' fo-
l.n~<ldd polga'-
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" ,\ 1r.~,. b.H ) f>.IO,
1",,'1',',,'" d,- "I'I~",,: ,.. hoc. en l. (a,. 1"'"
lerolaleml de la ulna y en l. m.. tlbla"' III~"
m"nlo l intcr6",. del "",cbr.,o; al~una. r.bn.
,e tI,,,,rt,,,,
en el "'pI" fil>ro," 4'" lo ... p....
dd c"~n",, ulna, dd ,'arpo 1,ubll.1 po""
"orl.
e"",.",, n",-,,,,r/,,,.: !u"for",,,. e, ha, .. n
,-mIO , obli,u .. a"'j" y later.!'
"'~",M" 'N~"''''/: aphcado CO"tr. la c...
I""tcrio, Jd mJi" en un can.1 GUo le .' 1"1'"
,'n
1"" ""a 'ain.. fibrO>a. , " "-"par. de l .".n
"" ,"n... e,u,a 1,,, 10010,10"'-"' ">len,,"e, rad"-
le, la,~o )' "0,"<1 del <"a'l'" )' lo .I,'an" a l~o
"'" abajo, Termi"a en la caro Ju".1 tk l
h.,e de la 'JI(JI,~r ,,,,,,,1 /1' J"I,m"~1 ,Id pIII-
,"e
b Il H .. " ,,, ,,,,." rn"-"ul,, dd pi.,,,, 1"'>1",,-
do .,I ""b,.",, [>O, el e"e",,,, tk lo, 00k
'1U" crun ohliou"rne"'o. blabl.ee cont>C1o
,,,,, el c'I~'<'I" """"""'0 ."...' J... ph,a"" so-
bno la car. I"Nc,io, del ,adi". [)e,ro<" <1< hr
tlo", CIU/"'~' IJ imer ll,,,," r,hoc.rp IJna. ""-" apI,.
ca ,'onlr. d ""locklo carpiano del Gil< k, "'oa-
,.n 1", 1,'''00'''' tk """ .Jo-, <A"'''''''''' rad ..."
larg" )' """" del ca 'p" [radia lc, ,",c"",,[,
lu~go la ",,<r,a r,.,h.1. C,~,""u},' el b.,,,l< ",,-".
dial de la I(//~Iq,/( -'" ",~",;m,..." ~'I""''' en fUf'
mJ ,!.: ",,,,1>.>: 1,,, jllgul.. , del .'jc men,,, ".,,..
J"ndcadu,) r,,-",,-"nta .. , u"a r",ma m al, So
el" "'aY'~ e, "bl,,'uu """JO )' l"t" .... I: <1 hooi<
bteml e,'; ;,nnaJ" 1""1,,, tO'kl,,,,,,, ,lel e"""
"" eorlo y ,~I "MUelO' largo ,\el pulgar. "f'li.
,.aJ." en ,,,da 'u <"en,in; el I>...-.Ie ,....-d,,1 "'"
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IlIPOTENA k

Se , h,,,n~u<,, CuaUo' el poll11.r ""no 1<"'._

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4. MUSCUU INTF.RO.f.l. f'N,1
mano. S"kn de la p.. ln'" pur el "'!"'''''' ""
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2. ~' OVIMIt:NTOS DE LOS

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<oc "'TIla un ",Iie"~ muy "la"'''''''"u"nJo d
pu lgar e." apn;'aJo c0<\1", d '...hCl'.
3. DEDOS
a'
Se debe dif."'''.... la "ano I"'ln,", de 1, ,'.....
<I<,"'al de los tlcdo>:
- en la C<I'" ("'/""" la p,~1 e, ~"remaoJ.
"\tnle "1""., rt'<.orrid" p'" 1"''1'"'''''' '00,
grxia, a ,,,,, eu.le,' ... I"'Wcn obte 'k" l., m-
I',,,um,,> .Ig'-'"I~, on el pulr<.I''' en ella "" '"
"m."v,n r"rma<i<l'lC' 1"''''''':
_ en la ,m" ,["",,1. 1"" d Cln'mrio. la p'el
c, de lgaJa. ",a"aJa ~" pl"'g"'-" ,rd''''''''''e'
y rr<,,-"Illa un ,1c""m,lIn pi""", ,"",Me,
La .",cm,Jad do "ada dedo pre ... n'a un.
ulia. cuy. forma ".,;;, ",,,,-,h,, de una I"''''~.a.
,~ ..."
59
Arterias del miembro
superior

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,ul>o. la' ,a. "" t.l'C.. ..,..,-d< L> m~:od .J. L> ,.r. (Ilrnl
"'~M~,I ""')"'" ) el la .. "mo JoI "'"'" Idor>.aI
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n,," ",M""
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- Arlenas ci<'I m<embro .upenor '6S

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<I",al, E" ,iw"Ja lI1eJ,alm"",< ) "I~o tkbI.p
de la an."a. I< ""il>; "'lu' numen",,, an"""1e!
<I"puO"O., 0011\0 la, ,""'", ~o l alc,al do
la allena a .. I~, &!;, <lue 1I,"a <1 ",i,,1IO 1lOIII-
oc.. y c,"able,;iondo , c,"'~, ell... ana,'''''''''~
''',,' 1", ~clI", deIIl'"~' y oc la ">C <Id ""dio
,,~'" .... ~, .. .,,," . " ""...... "" ,1< ,. " .. ", .., ..
,. , . ' ..... ".'"",' .. '~"'" .'.,,, to."' ....... """""""
'" """"'''''' """"~ ,..... ~ ..... ",""" ... ~" ,,, .... ~
..
'- '_""~ 1.. , "",,"m.O(", ~ .. _"" , ......... ' ""~ "..
-
....... _ _ lo ............. 01,1 ...... ton. 100< .. lo .....
.... , ..MK.,....... "" ......... -..--..) ...... "'.mr", E"a, ana.""""",,, "".bIe.:<-n ",'" ,,,I,,,,,,<bd
"" .... ..., .. '" oIt oo,,,, .. ".,.It l. " .. " ,., ...........
.... en'", .ml!;" rede,) '''''.-nc. d ...
'O"'" 1'."""" h...'" l. w". ,.. ocl .. ,a.
'"

lo . " " _It. ."""""'" 1... ,,.. ,-,,,,o ............... <Ir 1..
" . ."le> _.,., ..... "" l ..... '" ...... " .... ~ _ _
.. .I0/000-', .. <1............... ~" ""~ ~. EN EL SER VIVO

FJ ".,......'" 1-'''''''' , "/~I".. I~, "" COI..! ...'."

do ,oIumI.'fI ,.,. ..:obIe. """-'" .. ,"" ~ ~\pefl"" do
..... do 1.... ,<TI.." br>o.u ........ lhumc"' .... I;. ,e- Mu)' 1IJ"Ul""~. '" puedo.' .,-,de"",.. '" ",d '"
C"', do una ,'C",," 1nqu,.llh.. ",.,,,,n ) do l .... r<"""ia.! t<>l,,,,,,ndo cn .1 mio","r.. u"" lo~;od"",
.n ...... F..... l 'l1"aJo 1~lcr.I"..,n'. a lo '.~a .,,1 .. el:[,''''. '111e bl~"",, l. <ir<ula<io, de '''"''''''''.
)' '" ",ha ro ,", a una .I'u,a ,""al>le 11. d,(..,:.I..- la <,,,'ulac ,6,, an.';.1 ,k ap<"'~
1""do> ",de, '" pu,,""n I i ,"~I"., I~" ,'."...
4. A -.MTO.\lOSIS ""'Tit E LAS IIH )F.5 ;r~fa ("<"", rral. 1""" ,nY''''''in J". ~. 1""0-
VI, :-.OSAS SUI'EKI'IClAL y PROI:L M),\ ""'h)""'"'o." u,,,, "~"" ''01 ......... de La n> .... ~
"u~ lIe .... la., ..,,"' I r ... ,~, a 'u' num","""
L..., "en"" .upe.. ",Ie., "'11 " ... mn" Ikl
~nIbn6n . .""" 1", unoo.-., '1'" dUf29l<" "" [J<nnOO
""""""""".
U... :q:uJa 'n'ru.lucKla." ...... "<1\lI ) 1"'<....
dmo.n I~ ""'~ ... '."'"... ~,hoendo l H"'" ~n cono:,,,,,, """ un m.nmetro 1"'''''''... ...-d"
pmfuM . e,,., el "" .... m,lIn <1<- 1.. .na.,,, ",",. la "r.,," ,-~~,,_'" {.n,/fr" a
"ula,e" la. ""n., I'rofu,wJ 'T...... en i"'I~~ '
I. ""i. Y ,."" inan I'n,. C<lO,,,,, .. ir b ,'. 1'f"."p;<1 11. L:l ili,.... ln
rn l. ",1, dd mocmlm,_ En l. nlan... <1 "1'" re
\;111"'''''"' 10<1:0 '" ,0<1;0 la. ",na, ,..."...r", I., Son nun",,,,,,,, "" c'l\.'Un,l~,..".,." l., " ."
""" 1" d"min.nl~, "n el anld"",,,, pa,,",c 1e,.1 mid..., ~ u"hn, 1", '''''''' ' ..... "
..""" c ....... ctt",,-,,k"",a."rI d br:aJO) """'. coa ..... del ",,,,,,,tiro
.upe ...... Se 1.>., puN<- ...,"'-
M'. la' '"<,IQ, profundo, "'" 1.... ,j;,o, """"'1'" fW" cn ti,,, "'......",
.... , .", ."'tMr;o. JlO<Iria "'"<pra"" una Iu",'. pu"""""" "<"1"-"'" !"Ir. ~,'r"":M'" de ",n-
.. "",. <"n <"'""
l""',kM'''''''' de 1" le"" w
pc,,,. le, ..ob,,' la, pn>fu,lda, h~ , ," ,, 1 I~H"t>n"
~.-. ...... a"'''"" ,, ,."sria-:
_ p"'....",,'"' .... 'M".' p;tr" I"',fu,",,,,, " ",.
An,ba, ",de, '''H",mk." enl", ,i. no ",l. )e'Ti,,"c, de "'"Sn:" de r roJu"",,, ,,,..s,,.
"",n,e por l., lcm"",..ionr, "" l., "~"," .~foJ " .. nO""" d .. """,.
,,, ~) bu,ll,,.,,. """ por n,.m",,,,,,,-, a..."""""" - """"i....", ,'c _ por "'p""""'oOO J". k ..
<"<OII,,,,;od,,,.,, '" '''')'''''0: .....,
,.~ p.nfoJf".m,~,. , ... 00.-. ,.""" 0.10:1 ,,"" ....... <kn-cho 1 .tI.-.m"""
1"""10> '111e "'",,,c.... n l. l..... '. lIf"J'IC'u"""1 ...... ,....... an~,,, .-.nl,,,,,,,,.
)'a -.c. po" ''')''''
",.>: u"", "':'''''''''''''''. d,,,...,.,na.!;o, .... '"
&u, _ ....In" po..- ,,,,,," ...-co<!n de MJnd;o, lar, .. ) r,_
ron""""', ,"n'o l. f:Il,,-~
......., re<h: "''''' na ...
""1 pul&.. ron l., '.".' r.od,.I,, I""nf",,,,.,. lo, <, r l"l''''' ""
f'Crfo.... ",<,
,,""n""' ..," "'<""<".:a'l',an .. , ,<>- .. "" ....., ,,.. ..... ro " " " <, l. _ '"

.,,--,.
........... , . - , , _ " . . . ~n " . . . . _
<""'"" ...,,''', .... , ....,
n,""",.me, del ,arpo!. del codo
en,,,, l. ,cn. imcnll"'Il." 0.10:1 .nl.br.m) 1" 'e
,,, profurl<la>..
,-...,..."'._ .............
""."""",- lo" , .............. ....,"'... '" '" _ ..
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-......
'_1 ................ ... '.... ,.-""'--" ..,
"

61
Vasos y nodos linfticos
del miembro superior

" 'IIM I I.I.' . ",\ '-IOI 11e~ .. n. ' ..n"',"'. la f,,,,. " "I,r Ih"'..." "" '"'
It ; ,\ \ . ; 1. 111 1.1". ,\T I! "( 11 .,,1., I
1:1 d,,,,,.,,, I",f,j, .. " ,Id mk:n''", "'1"-...... ,',
IJ "".g".... ", ..
~, ,~" n~lt, ""~ "'" '''1''''1'' ,,,/
Y una ",,1 ""1m .. /'" Catl. "na ole ~'la' "~",, 1)", <,'''''"'''''' ~""~ I"~,.,,,, ""bn..."'" """.
'-"'''1'1\''''.1,': ,'""" hu'.I, 1,''',. ,~~k" hnf,i"-,,, ,len """"""'1'" <1 "a) ' ...'o '''' k" ,,"'.. ' "'p-
En k" ,~ ... " ,,,,f.,,,,,, ",,1:1.... ..., "'.... ".... r,,,.I<,
~I
,I"~l.;oo." ... '",fa,,,,, """",1m, """"M" )
dd
<1"" 11c~;., IInl.' ",,,, de l. ~1 ... ~lul. IllOIm"". l N ..du ,ul""~l'ic",.dil.. m,d;''' //ClI8rli.
,k 1" I~"",I ,'''''r,," <Id h..-.. ",prt",,,llroc,'ur/. Slu;~k,,, 1" ~ """ I"~ .m
Il ...1 OI"'"nl.h' " ",.-tli. 1 11. ""''''''''''.1. boJO b
litO LI" ",\TIC,\" 11:IU lC1 AL pocl , ..n ""","""" ...... la ."". "',iI",a ) d ....
(r.~. 7m. 'M' ,u.......... "nI~~r... u'"l " ...~h"IIhr.t.u'.1 <'IIIi-
,,..,, "",,"'''1.
~_ ,\'OHI", /IUI/i"./ drlwpul,,',,,, 11-
R""''f''n la 11,,1. ok k" pi""" ."!"'.r...."', EI.,,'" "ullo)l. ""......... 1" r';"'~ "'1"'''''' d<i
11'"'' ) "')J.Jo.' ,"I>o.-u,;\I",,' ) la ....nd ..wn h...u 'Uf'<" tI~I",,,,,,- ,....-..1. ce,," <le l. d .. "u l.
b ~,i, ,lel ",,,,,,,h,,, 11" ..... alea"",,, 1,,, ,~,.. , ,',."", ,,, ,''''' la '<'" ,'d"I,,a. S"" dn'I~'1o. .... -
'''I''-'rfi, ak', .k kI ,,S'"'' ,Id .... ""',, ' l,,1. ",.. ,,,h,,,,,, 'i"" perf.,..... la f_
,-", 1.1"......'''',.,,1 ,"" IptI. ",r~1
I ,1 ,, ....11k I<J ,...,,1>, Ik ,,,, IktJ,,,,. ,.,,, 1..... ""U" ,UI,..,-1lL i,lr, 1'''''''"'''''' tI"I """'"
'''"'' """ ",',1 'n") ,k""" ,"n la ,.,,,,, 1'"1r",, La t>n, ,,~, """"-'''''''"'.
""')",,-," lIo~. n a' .., ,'''k<l,ore, ,,,u"'~,, ~n l.
, ...... <1<""" <k l;o " ...... '1"" ' ..... "",~ .. ".... a Lo
""ro ...""', .... , ~n,,'br:llu. 1..0" IInf.!IOc", '1'k"
",:n""""''''~1 PO""""" 'lrga" " ,~ ,ar. ,,,,,,'''''' \. \ ~"'''' li"r~1 ,,,,, ~r"rl"'cl",
,101 :u"c~r.,,,
.Im,,,,, la IInf. de 1.., ,,'. .ulo>. <le I..,<'P*-
~_ ,1 " i.,f Mf ".'~_a. s.- ........"""'... In'" <o..' ...,Iu ......... de ~" .... " ...... oc ,,, """- l
gnll"" d<' ' ....". ",~, ""'~'k"" I ....~I''''IU.} I~" <lel p,''''''''''. ~,~,.," k" ""," ' ."'"1,,,,, I"''''~
I,",mk, ..." ,,,, "'"" Ie, r.Ml .. 1 ~. IIIIIar ,lel .III~ r'e,
br..... " . Lo" ,rc, ,1<'....." Ie",,, ... la '''~~101 a" - ~N /" .... ""., , .... \,,,." " "OI""" '.".'T'''''''''
'<10" ... la r' .... <u",.1 I "hc~uc.lel ,........, IIIIIcm.cu..1 y ~ ... an" " 1"'1"""""
~~,., ""'~"' . .:". 1", <,.', ,...hal. ..In" .,.
_,o " ,,1,.,/ d,f hes:.. L,,, u,"" "" CI~ .. <n 'e";""",,
Ir.. " CII l. u r.. ""I,',,~"o,h,1 i\1","" .'r~'",' eN ,./ ,.,'" ,,,. k" ... oJo." IInl.i",:,,..,..., 'o_
...... la r... ,a 1.",,,,,,uro,"1 'o,,,, l. ,m.:> "",;1 ..... a ~, Iafl''' ,.... l., \ ....... '""""""'''' .... R"",,",,,'"
) ..., ~x-n I""ru...k". 0. .........-...... "" 1.. ""la. " .... " hnf",,,,,,, tld 1>0-. .... l <lel .IIIo;br-.uO: "
) ' "'. dln... '~"",nl~.l"'ff"r:"Ml" '" f. "'1;I l.,,, d,~".", ,'n k" ",.10, 1",1"'11',,, ,kl ~rul'" In-
lI~u,,,,,,1 <n 'u ro,,'. " IIld' .ml),j. ,bp, ...', ,le '1",,1
1 1><, ...,~,,"", d ,un,,, ,..,11"",,<",,-..1. A""'l""' , ~.mcnl< ....," ,!O>.kk" .n'r< \.
lo> ' .... " d. e'" ,,-ti ""' "111< ho ""''''" n.....
~. ,1 ,,1,',/ M/ h,,,,,I>m. & d""" ~ ,,," u"," ,., ro,,,, 'i"C 1,,, ,le 1.. mi , ,, p<"{ic;,1 r,,,,,,, ...
""''',C . ,,,,,,,,,,, ), UII' ,,,,,ie,,," 1""""'" '1"" ';"'" 1"" ",."" 1'",("",1<" Il e~"n, 1, "" del
1 ...
," ..'nobno ) .1 c"nJ~nl" """.1 1.. f,,,,, ",,1 ..
Ihwco.J.; b ,,-,,1;01

11. " ....., Il:a"~I ;""llinralk,,, 1'",(,,,,11<,,,-

:-'(~I(" h:a"~' ''''''1 D,I~r",

l . N,,,,,, I~~~~;",'I ".,ri.'ri.." . I ''',~ "",-

u, n",uc'" ,le I'",<ud;", I~ ..I", ,II""(~" ,'" d "
,r.y""'<> d" h" "a"" I"'.ru,"~" , ,.1." d "'M''''
,~>Jo, ,le ,. l."" ,"bu.' Iph.. g ... ,1.:1 ",wk' l. d
...J" ""' ~,,,~I 1~lcr.ll" el ,ul" llr"'lu,.llhu".. -
..11 (, '"r!<".8naol'.

! . " ".Io"/,;".r;/j"'J Ii.f.mn.,. tu'U" ... , ..i~,

7UI ) 7'1.\111. ~'" ''''' ""fUMWC' 1"" '" II,m",.
" ". 1, ''Ie.... K;" del ,<"", " ......
d ...."a"
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d .. h" l'" el "'J'~' n"f ul"J,!""" tI< l. ,."" .,,1 ...
Ihu,-,:" ""b,l. U'\:.I t"" Il""~' .....' ,."h". So: 1", ,10-
,"'" <" ,'""", 1'''','''' "'~"" '" ,,'u.... "
., ':N' ... , "':N".IMN'lJ' '\O ,,'" " , . " , :
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,1... """,,11m ,,,p......... 1,,,. "Ioaaoltl nordl.lln .. n
Ir ) ok""J" de l. l','"" "",,, al .....I.""" de ....
1m, ... "" ~'", ......... ",'" ",1><"'-"'1"'1 ... t~""I"'laf
H,(~,u l 1.... ~r,"""","'s.,. ~ ,,~ ~ JlI"," " .., . lo.
nodo" h"f.I ..." .... ", ...1.... " I>,m J ,n.":'a" ... ,,,~.
~"n,,,"" ''' I>r...-I., icul~""

1>\ ';N' '"'" """" ,W" ,. 1' " "., ,. ,,, ...
MI"N I' ",s.,.a 1", ""'" "'M""'''''''''', V'~un"",,_
"". 1", ,..-..1 .... '""Uf"'" d "n~uk) d ..'<I,,, ",uad..
' I1n. 1.., onu"""I,,, 13""11'" dd <10."". 1<10...",1
........,,1) wb....c-...,..lar ,,,... ,,,1 oloN"'''' ...... I:u- de
1.:01"",.1 ) Ch.al ..... <Iondc ,..., .... , . ~"I"""""'''
... l. I'''''~. ,11>1'<1" "'1~ ... ln............ k... n,,,, ,."
<1<1 , ~"., I,"'I....J <>I Ola)", .... , ) 01<-1 .... ""mo
,Id ......... , 1"''''''1 _001 ..s..-I ,- """'" ,.....
,k" \k'S"" U"" "nfl,,"" J..-I ,k"",. dr l. ,It<-
' ," l. ,a'd ",,,,~,i,,, J", IN""""'\) l ""'-"'.
"'. la ~I:I",I"l a ",am,,,,, S"' do"'''',, ,"n .1 fig , 101. Ulr...... ""'-..""""""". "",.~" ..
~" I~' ,','''1... 1"""n""-,li,,.,,,1 e ..........
riot A ....... l>1l&I""'",6 ..... """hea
, ,""'Clt".,......Clt .. onano 2.nonco_"""
"", _ _ , ......... cara_
," ' ;"1 ... ' '1" '" " .,. '" 1.... ,.. oJo." ,." ...,
p.>o.k" . 1",,1c<k,,- de k.. '''''" l<>r.Io. " ...
~m
la'~r"k,
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(....._ 1 $ _ . . , . -"""'la ..... ""
~

e _"""_.1_
In ...",.,,,-,, ."""""1. ,,,,"ra el .......-.11" a..'en",
In"').-I So,.~, de la ...,f ........ la ...,,,
.. _
................._ torazo.e '"""<O _ _ "_ot-
,..",,,na M,bo.-n 10,... ",... " Imlal""'" Jo; .... 1"'_ ....,. 9. _ " " ' _ .... . . -
mi ",,-,. " -d. ,k' l. I"n" .....".,." .l.' l. p;on.'<I a/'I-
....." ' n:ol) ''fl<"<ul".. nl . Jo.. Id ~IJI ..I"ld tI,",,,,,-
n' (,'la..., el ".'k' ~ ,_ ""e".",,,'"'
""~ ,,, ...... , "".-.,,, "",!i>r."'. h,, ~'"
I~' " ... ,1>,' k" ,",,,nl,' , " 1,,, I"'..."",,,) 'o-
d) ;., ,." ,"". ,(. " '" M'U '" 'M"'" 1", ,k"'" ""' "n'n'kl,,, h,,,,, el ~nol~' " ~",,"n,,,
",.10." ""1"",,,,
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lar. L",,, n,..J, ,, "n(Jli,"" ~" ... , 'm' .!." d 1'' ''' '" 'KI: ~". '"U"'" al ,,,_ en <o~"""" '"'' d
 Fil;! . 70.. Gr..- "" _ iwII_
IN l. . . . . 1, cla.,e", . D. "",OCUIO
..-...., c. a~... ia oUt. d. _ ...
I;>r: .......... ~~
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cIa.culaot o ~ .ertioo "" ia . , ,..

_tl_ . . . .
Ag.7Ot. UnI_""Io_rl<_ _ ~ '_(~ A,_ '_"' __
IMI\jaOgIroo """" '1001'_1, B, nodOlrntatlCO do So<g ..... C.Iin!_ dtIl1'_ braQlOll , o. _
_moda..........., E.i, . . oocIoo ... _........,.( .... i_~_) I glAtr<U.a .............. 2,2'._
....

_..._"
...tI ""'1'<": 3, J _ 1 _ 1 . $, _ . . . . .IO)Or>tsII1I'CN>j 8 _
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... ).'1 ...... _ " " " ' _ . . .
'3. _ _ _ _ _ ,'. _ 'w.2_ ............................. ,............ _ - .
"'_~I_.'$._IInI _
- \1><o, 1 nodo. 1.,1;",,<>< del m~o .upeno' 69 1

<k,f1Ia,kro ,ubd",,, .dd.me ) ,",ed,al a la

'c,Ia ."Iar. del,,!>.1e la ,,,i. 1.1""'<1""",1
cl.vil"-,<,lor;,1. en <00(;><10 (On <l1""'\<"' .'p.':;"
ink ...:"".1 )" c,.., la p,imem di";,,,,,in del "'.
fralo .n'edo, Ima)orl . L", n"d", hnf,iw'
,",ul'" " el ,h" ,le la 1,,,. ' " ilar huc,"".1e la
",,1. 1 y,,'" pa""'"'an",,",. d,fink, d< .kan_
,aroE"w e, debKlo, 1", """"'" <k '''' 1"'..-1....-.. -
le' y a la """'",,";00 de la 'cna ,erh,. 4""
""'''''"''''' la complcJ,d.,,1 d< .''" rC~16n . LO'<
nod", <1" e,te 8f\1po =iben "."" hnfa,;",,, tk
"O<!<" ,,,, grupo' """",de""", , SO" tlrcna<I", "'><
un 1m,,,,, '-olu""",o,,,. <1 "'""n' ."""1m'j,,. a
mcnml" ""sdoblado. G"" ,.., ""h, direcla"lI'ntc
en el j,,~"lu )'ug"'"'ub.:I.,",, Ic(~,flu<n'c de
I'i",~"ffl a la de .....:h. ) en el , ...... Iuc'o nfj,;_
,,> 'od""" la '''1'''<'.1 ...
J. Nt>dm U"j,ir", (/:uQ:II", , u,.'MSCQo
pul.." .,. ~"uad." en l. h"" ,uP'""..."p;no,a. dre-
",n leo IinC, ,le 1,,, ",,1,,'u lo, "ff''''''') ,on dr<"o
n",""" pUf ,,,, "'0" ,up ...ocla,icul,,,,, Il''''.,il}-
"', (~t"PO tlcllr."" ..,,),

J . EN EL SEI( VIVO

,\ . hpl"l""dn

Ion "SI"'""' ,)()t1I1,1. n; lo, ,'a"" '" lo, nod.....

I;"rli,',,, ,,'n vi"ble, ni 1'.IMbk,. En 1,,, .. uje.
"" del~..J,,, '" pu.."lcn ]l<,eiN, algu"o, "",1.--...
.. ,b.-c.' ,Id ~n'l'" lor.ic,,O 4"" '" "e,,'e roda,
W_,
F .... 7()9 bI .. LH>lOf(af,. "" ~ "-"'" (De

"""'" d pl""o ,e,i"ent< ,Ic b pared ,or<;i",

En e'lado palolt,,u 'M) ,,,,-,,,lo: ,,, "".."1<"
- la ilojI",,,,,,.;n "lIjeti" 1", ,'a'O, '''I'''tf,-
d.lo, haJo la IOn". Ik' ..'ordono, ",jo,. tu"",o
(><:1"" y dolOl'O"-" (linf,ngil;, " lo, nodt ... h"I';-
,icn, "ul',"c""dk", mcdi"le , 1"'>faori!,O-
<lea",,1 a"la ... " e",;;n lIill',nro(ja,~" l' '~ll"",
...... 1'."0'" proJ",,- ,obre hOl en la, ,nf.."" i,,-
.,,, Ik' ,,,, ded,,, (p"",o<Ii,,,,) "de l. m.'~l , [\.-.
""''''''''. "",i,I., tr,fffl'Kla,);
\o-, /Uno",..., nI"h~"".' l' en pnmer I"~,,r
lo,.,Ic mam . '" ""'I"'gan, 1", ,,,,.Jo, h"fjtK""
"iI,. .", Lu flI"",nt'i. d" ",Ie'''pa' ia, ..'c....""i
1)1 d ..,,",Ii<l 11. "\,,,,,,,,,,,10.;1 ,le ~,,,, 1"""",""
Su ",I 'r>;,.:i6" ... , d "","pleme"", ,,,,,"m,,',,,,
do ,,,, e,,"e'" 'l"i,tl'ti,' " J..' 1" .. ,'J,,,,",,,,
de
"''''M.
L:o li"fo' ,~"'f(l \lig. ifl'l). I'If IIl)ff .... OO ,le un
I'rod""o "'" '"''''lra''e en "" ,'a"" "'[lC,f",i,k-,
de la "'a"" le",,,,,u .... , J,~"alc, " .1<"-,,, ,le la
"""0). oojo';'. el "''''ju''''' ,le o," <",:ulaci.-"
L:o 1,1>- <, ...:"I...,(~, de la lI"fa en el ""cm
bo, ,upe';"". l!1k' e" ,,,,la, IX""" .... , O.a ,,~,
<.lid"" e,.:n,i .. l do la "tia ,le IIKI", ,,,, "MlIfk"
II<nte' ."a'''''''''()' ,lo: <"'e, La " l 'o~, .. ,t>n.1e ,.,
,,, , i" ol... ,,..,. ro' ob il l,r",iOO. 1">[ "11""",,1,,,
HilO"" "<,,, 1'",nc<lllI<-"llui()(",-f,ili'a. ",.".
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1, TU ,\ H oCTO 1. RELt\CIONES
S,, ''''f'''" COI 1" a" ld ) ,,,,,,,,,,,, ,'" lo 1'"1,,,"
,k Lo "'.'''', S~\IC. a l prin,;,p". al '~u.,1 4'~- el
",11""". la .a,.
",<d,.1 dd bra,,, I"'ro ,,,"~ . I.n d "j" """."/,,,,,.,, ""'" ,.... ,1", '" ,"a ~n
d., e" 1" feg,n 1""" '00< Jc',,, Jel 'CpIO "" 1'" la a"e,i,,} la 'CIl' ",ila'c,. en c< ~ "pa.a ud
'n"'"w"I", "'e",al. I.Ic~.d" di q,ic,JoIo cu'_"",,, "",.1, ,, , del ""'ebru,, 1"''''1"'.' cul.J,,,~,
,neJ,.1 l ep,"de~ l , x''" "'-",'
,1<: l ) <1<,. """"'''1 '1"" "":, ",,,,10,,1" l.
,-en,k a la C"'. I""'c,i,..,. d. 1" """"Ia,:i,, del "ni" a e,'n, 010"",,,,,,,, '" "ph.. al"\. """'"
... "1,, e ""~ el ~pi,", ,,liI,, ",,',hal ) d "I"',:r.""~l d ''''"",:",,,,,", ) '''''~" ",>I>r< '''' 'coo..w, ,'d
I,',"'d,,,"" <i,,,,,,,,I",,,,!e,n,,,a'lOl 11;"," el .. , . k!'<"' 1...,<k.1do 1 "'")0< Y<1<1 'al" ,,,., dd <k"",
'remO '''I""i",. ,le la ,h,jO"i, "I"a', R,~Ic" Jo Ido"a' ""ch"l. E",; ""ullo aJc,",,'c po' lo,
od<bn'" h,,,. ia wr', ) '" ,"uo en la ,"roc mc pla'K" "'''','u '''''IHH'''urt",,,, de 'd parro .nle
,I'al ,k 1" ,"~in " n,.-,i",. ,,,,1 ",,,,,b,.,,,, J"'KI~ ,,, .. ,,,.. la ",ila, Ion '''' '''''''Unicnl,'''1o .1kI ....
 --
ron d Ir'''''p'. e" K"""'" c"', la l""elll ......
Jial drllfk.p, I,""u i",emul. a.''''''Wl>do
por la anla >lalor~1 ul"", ' nle""'I ..,.....,..
ran", "" l> bra.u",ll,,"merall .

C. E n ~ I < ..d ,, (fi .7.1.1)

El """ 'o ul".,. 1"'''' ~n,1<' ti <p.roncJ,Io ......

, ,bal ) el olO<:rJO<Jl1 le;mal ."'!roc,"""""',,,,
""1 donck o.ti cubo~n .. """ 1~ pid ) el 1.,.
mm'" "fII'''''',"""kcran,ano lde T..'u.I, M..
b:oJ" IIIC"'" ",,1<'lr~ on, .. la' ,n""n:"""", ik
""g<" oIe l fk , o, uln;" del carpo' Icublt.1 >nI ..
'1011 ,",,'0 del eu",,.1 .",mor). II<~~ ~ Lo c:vtI
\ ...."""......"" "'" ...,.br.uo. roo.Io. Lo ul ... bajo
.1 r,...,i<'ulo opocundilro ,neJ.,..
1..... ' _ _ 1Y
,, "" ... ,obo en're la <ara " ...runda del /k .." ul_
,kl ca,po lcubolal o"'.n"'l """'" <1 n..... ro-

..., ",lo ,u><,ti' ial. ' ' ' ' .1<> ole ,,,. "'U''''UIM .pi .
ron<l',"",- m..... 'al., 1<1'I1"",Ie."" 1

F...,~ ",uado en .1 ,n1, del >n'e"1>,"" m',.

01 11""" uln" del co'l><> l<ub" . 1 "n'....... 1 ~ d
"
"..
lit,,,,I,~)f)'~nl ""porr..... 1do .... <10..... '" lOpJJD-
fiado 1"" """ linc~ <fU< """ d .".,.......10_
I~O!AA.kal al bonlc 1;j.,..~1 <Io11""'r......... pon-
1010 al bonlc """'''''' <1<1 fIt~or .Inar <1<1 nrpo
"" Im,;"'ul" ,ubi,.1 .."."".. 1. 'u 111"",,,10 "".Ii",
s.. ."1,,. -.ob' d1k",..I<'o",nl p'ufundo ik
"'" dcd<J.o,. en ""l' \.''''' .,,1 ")f)'~"""" E.II '"

l~~~~~~::~g~~~~~j-~ ,on:", """'lO ...., ,....

mm.) 1", 'o...., .1"""",
rilr"",'1"" ~
.... al.:,.n/:ldobien!-
..... la",an
n",n' . en .1,....,,,, ,nf.""". el """'K' ~ 'dOl ...
el ,m.",' ",'" en ,re el 110"'" leo","n 1'"ro......
y .1 fIc"" ulnar del ca"", Icubol>l a"',,",,,I ......
dtlanl<: dtl pron:od<,.. o~ "1"" al ,md60
dtl Ik.." .In.. lid <"lIfJIO 1<IIb.,,,1 ,...."""'1....
.. ,n"'l1' en .11""fonnt, s.. ',..1"0." .........
dll, "'bf...... '.,I.,.....,ur1l.:o l.

E. En l. " ",;;""" ~ fig. 7 \~)

CI 01"", po'" "'" delan,. <Id "'''nicolo'''
01'" tnm. '" :IC'cn"; al~. l> arI'''''1ac1n
<In
dol bon,b..". po i ,."In . 1 cual ~.,i .""
"" Ik"..." IlIgomeol" ..... 1 ro ....... <lrl . .
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uln"",., 1'' '' una O']>oIn.."", <lr l .."n:lo:ulo <Ir ""
K. t :n d b....~'.... 'fi'. 132) <\1<,,,,,,,,, lIig..,.. n", """"Ji y del 'cl1llOO ..tI
f1c" ", ul ..... dtl e ...... lcubotal "".''''''~ lo q..
En .1,...."" "',......,..... al ' r"'" ~U<" .... , ,,1.>. ""","uje "",i el ......1 <lo GU)'QfI I'~ olf.
"''''' al ladu pNoromcdo.l dt l. anon~. ""ro b7MI,
'p."",. ono"...,., el '"f'l0 ,,".rm u>cular "",.
di." <1 nc .... " """" p." Hit" daro, do f,o. "n J, IJI STlUII UC IN
"",f<,..~rlo nllonn., """ .1 0)c hume,al. "'" .1
rnro,ano. po'" por delan 101 "",n'.., .111M "" El """'lO "'nar. en 'u ,r~y"".o bn.!u",' ..
......... 111 ....... , on l> ,,~w.o p""r'"" <101 tnro. ",mili,,,,,,, nma..
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f iel 131. VaM/&, '*"'" "" '" """ A, iIar. Jade> _ . CI. da.re"'. RIM, 1"","",10 _ "'" pIe.o po,a
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'*"'" muscuIo<:utllneo. NR. """'"" 'a l ~ . """"" u_, VC, ..... cetlil<:a; VSC, .... 0lJbcI.wIa, C1 C~,
""""'" p<lmo' <0011_' l . _ . . . - , 2 Y 2 ', pecI",aI mal"'. l y]'. _ . _ . , . - ""''>oO!I\>S 00<10:
~,""'acobraqu ..... 6, Iat,.....,
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15, 1ota:xa later.L IS. ....""'""'"
","ocuI.r le. flOmo pat. el o><acoI>raqu,"" Di
U90 . 19, o<;g.e.. "" r.. a<1e<ia """""1Ie!O
_ a l ant",,,,,, oc:uN4 por 011_10 ",,",allral, e ' lema) dOI,...
<liatw), 20, cifW<1f1eo _alpooI",lo<, 2'. ~ar [oscOQU.a< "'ferio,) 21', do<u_l" _ 1.. Y21',
'" rama tO<"lICOOOflOaI. 22. rama ",,0< ..1 ~ . al _ o IlOgIJmontaria), 22', _ _ al ","",., 2l Y24.
,..;o cutneo on _ _ .... _ jb<0Q0.0aI o.ot_ Oltomoj y ...... 0 ",,1& _ _ 1>r"'l.... I""""'''''"''l 25,
""""" _ lr8dOr"<lOj <l\a)'O<; 26, _ dOI n;""ps br""",,"' 27, """"" dO! coracol>rOQ .... , 28 . ......... dOI ...o-
05<:apUIa<, 26, """"" tO<'~ 10'90 IdOI .. ~.to ....... "" mayor) 3(1, "" ...... dOI_aI may'"

"'n,, I'<,>c'mn el ",,;"euln 1")1' ," ,ara profunda

)' "" repan~u <n el eue'P" mus<ubr. El jI~ ".,.
Apa.....,..n en el "~,<t>rdW)' ''''lO ,'m';/l1 (lm/.","" d. ,", Jrd,,-, pu<de "'(.ib,,
uno o dt" n"" i,,, ~u, '" di""buycn p<>r 1",
1. Rum,,' "rlU:III"". Se o.,man en el C"~ . f."'(ou l,,, m c d;~k , del fle\o,. R... orM",,,,
n.1cn tt~ el epk","ddo med",1 )' d ol<'<.n",-", ~ L"" lo!; 0." fa,,-'kulO'> ,..",Ie, "',." "''''><!os
l<pi'mdc"K~ccmni~n"l )' "aH , la ""n~ 1"-'_1<_ ro< d "I<. h~"o.
no.- l' ",,,dial de la an,culacln dd codo on n
<nC'" _a,ihle. .1. RQmo d,...ml d~1 n. ,.,;o u~Qr IculltI.o
,"",al," lu mQno /lfi~<. 736 y 7371, S< 0.1<..,..
2. Ram,,' ",u ,,,,,la,~."
Se o.,in,n a dife' pren.. 1c del "I n", tr,,,,,
c"~ lro Ir.",,,,, de deoo..
"''''e", al'un", L,,, r"'l)'" P'~" .1 jlC.f'" "1 ...,, ro< Ki<n. del pi,iformc y '" manlie,"", me,tia' ,
,M ""'1"-' l",ro",1 "''''''m'l. en nme", de 00. ,,>c n'~. po" .,"re <"Ilo,KIOO del "'"",ulo fk<o<


FiII. 1:13. _ _ ~ . . . . axID 1"".

patN...,.....,.. .... - . . . . , -"-~
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culo ... '" ~ <lo IOO_. S. . . . - ..""
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_ modoal 1_'_1. Il, 00.... _ .....
. - oIocr_no Iep<'_ ..... anal . 14 . __
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.., _ _ y '7 ....... "'~ I~

ul"., ,lel ,.~rp<' Icull<,.1 u,,' rf~ .,.1 ) l. ul". 1<,. _ ",..di", .Ia r. I1~"' " la p", l ) ,,' dj,,~< .1.,
"'l'u'u,,"""
hI'''1 par:> . 10......... Jo... dd <loNt <k ,,,,n...", fe.n ....""1 01..1 J ""1""'''' ' .. rm....
.. ,nano d" ,d~ <'D , " ' . """"'. c-.rp<.,~ , 1"'l<r..,,~.I. ,I:.rnol<. el <.~"l<'r. 1 bk'f>ll
~'f', I",/: ,,~ "" d bvnk " ..., hal ,lo: l. m., ~ \ <Id ",,"U,..' In..,l ,~u.,I " " ...'v,,'''~, Lo p",1,k b
)' lonna el "'''''M' < "la'~r.1 d<>r<al l1I.d,al <1< 1 <. r. 01.......1 <k la f.I."f".' pn" "".1 Ipn"" '''' f.
l1I(n,l1Io In ...... """,I; I"" ~'I dol anular.
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<" ,le ," ""f"" fig. 7~XI P"'I'"",,na mm,,'
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c' lIn,"'u)~ d d'gll,, 1 p,lo"ar 1''''1''0 I..'"",,~,,,I
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' os ~ld<t los ___ 7. nen.o<> dellle.",_
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 XII
I MEMBRI INFERIORIS
ESQUELETO APENDICULAR
63
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(Cingulum pelvicum)
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Articulaciones y msculos
de la pierna

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n""n,"'" !nfo.i... . """ on ""~' r'flr,. un>
,'"nd,,,t, <,~n,' ;al ."r. l. I,d. tk 10.10' lo>
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70
Nervus del plexus lumbosacralis, PNA
[Nervios de los plexos lumbar y sacro]
nelv;", del m;cmbn' ",ferior e,'an
L ')<
d"J'U<"'m t'n <los pi."",;
- ,1/1,,"'/("'. <00 el cutneo f.morol 1" ... 1
Ir""""',,'u',"-"<> I. el r"",ora) I crur~ll, d obIura
),,,.0<> l<>Nur.Hlo<1 y ~I tenilofem"nllgen'locru-
r~ll . E"", OC"';"'!OC ori~ln"n <n cI,,~,,, m,,
hur. Su, "u"", no d"",,,,nJcn ta" nunca I'm
<kh.jo ,le l. ",dilla:
I""'"io,, ,'On lo> "una, del pi....-" .,,,m .
c-en"ialt"enl' el """"0 ''''''''\)''0
I.i.'lu",> ma
)'",14u< m,""" e) ""'" dcl"HC"'bro ",fcr~".
L KAMAS lJEL PLEXO LUMBAK
A. N,,,,,. c ~I",, ~ u, ,n",,." /Q/rrali 'NA
INe .. ju t~n",r,,<u' . nt,, 1 (ti~. 'I'I~)
El """''o rUI,\'''''-' f"',,..... II"' ...... 1 '" orig,na <Ic
1.1 "qu ....!a r., lumbar. " ..., ,Io.-I>oj" ,1.,>1 II~lIng" _
nal la lxlo."'nog~nil"1 nI""o,). Obll ...", "boIjo y
lalcr.oI""'"IC. al"" ...,,, el 1"''''' del
PO' ,,, bonk la'<I'dl fI'lrd ,iw."" dda"'~ dd
"l>(' ."k"~"
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ba)" el h;amcmo ,"gumal Ila arcoda crurdll ~n
'''' "" d." ",pina, ,Ii ...., "'n~'K""'. 1"' ....~rJ en
el ".'1"""" d,: l. fa,..ia ""a }' '" hao.c 'ul>.:"'" ....~,.
1 ~n' "'""' a""JU. I"""I"JI .1 ",nurio, x di,idc en
'u, ,1(0,; "'m," '.n"",.!e, lfig'. <)')~ } ')";41:
- un .... mo ~I'"n. d,,,~,do a,,,h )' lal<ml _
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) '" d,,',ibuy< en la piel & la ,egi", gl",.,
u" ",mo f"moral "",,,n,,a ,,1 11"-)'0 dd
""",in)" de"ie,,& ha"a la ,odilla. ,'ub,,~ndn
,le ,,,-milic,,,,,,, ... , la 1'.. 1 ,le la ,ar nl.roId"
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miembro ",fe,ior,
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reunon.I! el '''1''"''''"
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Ilr" lumba"
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~11"'TgC 1'''' 'u bu,do la'CT.1 en la f"," ,Ii""a
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