MATH 380 Midterm Exam 11/5/07

Show complete workthat is, all the steps needed to completely justify your answer. You
may refer to theorems proved in class and in the text.

(1) Suppose G C is open, f : G C, and z G. Define:

(a) f is differentiable at z.
(b) f is analytic at z.
Solution:
f (z) f (z0 )
(a) f is differentiable at z0 if lim exists.
zz0 z z0
(b) f is analytic at z0 if f is differentiable for all points in {z C : |z z0 | < r} for
some r > 0.
(2) For one of the following functions, give the subset of C where the function is differen-
tiable, respectively analytic, and find its derivative. (As usual, z = x + iy.)
(a) f (z) = ex (cos y + i sin y)
(b) f (z) = |z|2 = x2 + y 2
1
(c) f (z) =
sin z
(d) f (z) = (z 1 + 2i)3i
(e) f (z) = (3i)z1+2i
Solution:
(a) f (z) = ex (cos y + i sin y) = ex eiy = exp z is entire (as proved in class).
(b) The real part of f is u = x2 + y 2 and the imaginary part is v = 0. For the
Cauchy-Riemann equations to hold, we need
ux = 2x = 0 = vy and uy = 2y = 0 = vx ,
and these equations are only satisfied for x = 0 and y = 0. Hence the first part of
the Cauchy-Riemann Theorem 2.4 says that f is not differentiable for all z C\{0}.
Since ux , uy , vx , vy are continuous, the second part of the Cauchy-Riemann Theorem
2.4 implies that f is differentiable at 0. Since a point contains no disk, f is nowhere
analytic.
(c) sin is entire, so the only points where 1/ sin z is not analytic are the zeros of the
sine. These can be computed as follows:
1 1 y ix
e e ey eix


sin z = (exp(iz) exp(iz)) =
2i 2i
1
cos x ey ey + i sin x ey + ey = 0




=
2i
 means (after cancelling 2i)

cos x ey ey = 0 sin x ey + ey = 0 .



and

Since ey + ey > 0, the second equation implies x = k, k Z. For any of those

x, cos x = 1 6= 0, so that the first equation can only hold if ey ey = 0, which
means y = 0. Hence the zeros of the sine are precisely at z = k, k Z, which in
turn means that 1/ sin z is analytic on C \ {k : k Z}.
(d) By definition,
(z 1 + 2i)3i = exp ((3i) Log(z 1 + 2i)) .
exp is an entire function, so (z 1 + 2i)3i is analytic wherever Log(z 1 + 2i) is.
As we showed many times, Log is analytic everywhere but the nonpositive real axis
(z = x + iy with x 0 and y = 0), which implies that Log(z 1 + 2i) is analytic
everywhere but when z1+2i is real and nonpositive, that is, for z = x+iy with x
1 and y = 2. Hence (z 1 + 2i)3i is analytic on C \ {x + iy C : x 1, y = 2}.
(e) By definition,

(3i)z1+2i = exp ((z 1 + 2i) Log(3i)) = exp ((z 1 + 2i) (ln |3i| + Arg(3i)))
= exp ((z 1 + 2i) (ln 3 + i/2)) .

This is the exponential function applied to a polynomial. Both are entire functions,
so (3i)z1+2i is entire.

(3) Prove: If f is entire and real valued (that is, Im(f (z)) = 0 for all z C) then f is
constant.
Solution: Let f = u + iv, then the conditions imply that v = 0. Hence by the
Cauchy-Riemann equations,

ux = vy = 0 and uy = vx = 0 ,

so u and thus f = u + iv have to be constant.

(4) Integrate one of the following functions over the circle |z| = 2, oriented counterclockwise.

(a) z
1
(b) 4
z
 exp z 2
(c)
z
(d) Log(z + 3)
sin z
(e)
(z 1)(z 3)
1
(f) 3
z + 34z
Solution: A parametrization of the circle is (t) = 2 eit = 2 cos t+2i sin t, 0 t 2.
Note that 0 (t) = 2i eit .
Z Z 2 Z 2
it it
(a) z dz = 2 e 2i e dt = 4i dt = 8i .
0 0
1
(b) z4
has the antiderivative 3z13
on C \ {0}, which contains , and thus the integral
is zero.
(c) Here we use the extended Cauchy Formula Theorem 5.1.: exp is entire, so we can
choose G = C, then is G-contractible, and w = 0 is inside . Hence
exp2 z
Z  Z
exp z 2 2

0 
dz = dz = 2i exp z  = 2i (2 exp z exp z)|z=0 = 4i .
z z2 z=0

(d) The integrand f (z) = Log(z + 3) is analytic in G = C \ {z C : Re z 3}.

However, is G-contractible, so by Corollary 4.5 (to Cauchys Theorem)
Z
Log(z + 3) dz = 0 .

1 1/2 1/2
(e) A partial fraction expansion gives = , so
(z 1)(z 3) z3 z1
Z Z Z
sin z 1 sin z 1 sin z
dz = dz dz .
(z 1)(z 3) 2 z3 2 z1
For the first integral, we can use Corollary 4.5 (to Cauchys Theorem) with G =
C \ {3}, f (z) = sin z/(z 3): note that f is analytic in G and is closed and
G-contractible, and so Z
sin z
dz = 0 .
z3
For the second integral, we can use Cauchys Integral Formula (Theorem 4.7)
with G = C, f (z) = sin z, and w = 1 (note that w is inside and that is
G-contractible): Z
sin z
dz = 2i sin 1 .
z1
Putting it all together, we get
Z
sin z
dz = i sin 1 .
(z 1)(z 3)

(f) We write
Z Z Z 1
1 1 z 2 +34
3
dz = 2
dz = dz ,
z + 34z (z + 34)z z
1
and use Cauchys Integral Forumla (Theorem 4.7) with f (z) = z2 +34 , G = C\

{i 34}, and w = 0 (note that 0 is inside and that is G-contractible). Hence
Z Z 1
1 z 2 +34 1 i
3
dz = dz = 2i 2 = .
z + 34z z 0 + 34 17
(5) Suppose (fn (z))
n=1 is a sequence of functions defined on G C. Define:

(a) (fn (z))

n=1 converges pointwise on G.

(b) (fn (z))

n=1 converges uniformly on G.

Solution: There exists a function f : G C such that:

(a) x G  > 0 N N n N |fn (z) f (z)| <  ;

(b)  > 0 N N n N x G |fn (z) f (z)| <  .

(6) Prove that the function sequence (z n )

n=1 converges

(a) pointwise on {z C : |z| < 1},

(b) uniformly on {z C : |z| 1/2}.

Solution: We claim the limit function is f (z) = 0 for |z| < 1.

(a) Given any z with |z| < 1 and any  > 0, choose N > log / log |z|. Then for all
nN
|z n 0| = |z|n |z|N <  .
(b) Given any  > 0, choose N such that for all n N
 1
n 
n

2
0 = 21 <  .

(This N exists because of part (a).) Hence for all z with |z| 1/2 and for all n N

n
|z n 0| = |z|n 21 <  .