Bibliography

Best, Jacqueline. “Hollowing Out Keynesian Norms: How the Search for a Technical Fix Undermined the
Bretton Woods Regime.” Review of International Studies 30 (2004): 384-404.

Bernays, Edward. Propaganda. 1928. Introduction Mark Crispin Miller. Brooklyn: Ig Publishing (2005).

Edward Bernays is the founder of Public Relations and Marketing- i.e. formalized, legalized lying. This is
the manual for shaping public discourse and opinion- techniques as applicable to sub-cultures (such as
disciplines) as to the whole cultures to which they are subsidiary components. These are his words, as
he wrote them, confessing in no uncertain terms that outsiders can, have, and do control invisibly the
narratives and discourse of others. Noam Chomsky built upon this, in part, for his own critical work and
drew considerable inspiration from it- he took “manufacturing consent” from Bernays’s “engineering of
consent”.

Blaney, David L. and Naeem Inayatullah. International Relations and the Problem of Difference. New
York: Routledge, 2004.

---. Savage Economics: Wealth, Poverty and the Temporal Walls of Capitalism. New York: Routledge,
2010.

These two volumes show that there is a serious intention within international relations and political
economy discourse to address and resolve the issues that imperial expressions—predatory economics,
globalism, colonialism/neo-colonialism, failure to avoid seeing foreign peoples as Other, sovereign debt
crisis manipulation and so on—and it also shows that this interaction amongst contributors exhibits the
signs of constraint that does not come from those contributing to the discourse. However, the terms
and references are wholly within the confines set by parties external to the discipline! The utter absence
of Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, Friedrich List, Gottfried Leibnitz and other pre-20th century figures
that also addressed these same questions—and, starting with Leibnitz’ refutation of Smith—such that
they created and implemented a successful alternative to the very Other-promoting scheme of socio-
economic control and domination. (This alternative is the American School of Political Economy. ) The
threat of this alternative is such that the interests attacked and threatened by it work to suppress it, and
have successfully since World War II; it shows that there are options other than those created by the
oppressor- something that is missed, for example, in the Epilogue for the former volume. It also reveals
a lack of awareness of the increasingly speedy pace of decision, of change, in the very matters addressed
as shown by the increasing dominance of media warfare—Wikileaks, podcasting, YouTube, etc.—that
threatens to make their efforts irrelevant due to being left behind.

Chomsky, Noam and Edward S. Herman. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass
Media. New York: Pantheon Books, 1988.

Noam Chomsky and his collaborators are some of the most influential academic critics of Western
power, in large part due to their effective ability—one I see to develop myself—to bridge the scholarly
and popular audiences. This specific book is included for the purpose of showing two things: first, that
the idea of there being a proven method of social control that does require conspiratorial behavior (in
the most literal sense, as this is legalized bribery and extortion for all intents and purposes) not only
exists, but is acknowledged within mainstream scholarship as well as political discourse; second, that
this basis for social control is but an extension of so-called “soft power” mechanisms that serve the
same purpose- and stem from the same axioms and premises.

Chomsky, Noam and Robert W. McChesney. Profit Over People: Neoliberalism & Global Order. New
York: Seven Stories Press, 1998.

Diamond, Jarod. Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton, 1999.

Freedman, Des. “‘Smooth Operator?’ The Propaganda Model and Moments of Crisis.” Westminster
Papers in Communication and Culture. 6.2 (2009).

Grandin, Greg. Empire’s Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New
Imperialism. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006.

As the title states, this book shows in detail how the Anglo-American Establishment exploited Central
and South America as a hot-house for developing mechanisms of imperial control now used both at
home as well as in other areas of the world. In particular are examples of how economic policies first
used in Pinochet’s Chile are now commonplace in the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada, and most of Asia as
well as Europe and Africa. The so-called “color revolutions” found their prototypes used in this part of
the world also, as well as the severe austerity measures coupled with an increasingly privatized police
state- something we now see in various modes in both First and Third World states.

Hallett, Lawrie. “Newspeak in the 21st Century.” Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture. 6.2
(2009)

Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.

Hill, Napoleon. The Law of Success. 1928. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin , 2008.

This book is a compilation of the original four-volume 1928 publication. This book’s inclusion, as the
foundation of the contemporary Self-Help publishing niche (itself focused on business success to a
significant degree), is here to highlight what many—a normative-generating number—in the ruling class
actually believe, and how they put those beliefs into practice, with much in the way of examination of
the premises that underlay both those beliefs as well as the paradigm of culture required to make their
practices effective included. Though the language is archaic in places, the axioms expressed in this book
remain normative in elite culture to this day, as seen in the many infomercial and self-help books done
in recent years by the cultural heirs and successors to Hill. (e.g. Tony Perkins) This is the best example
of how the exploiters of macro-level inequality think and talk amongst themselves as well as those they
see to recruit.

Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. 1651. Ed. Edwin Curley. New York: Hackett, 1994.

This book is one of the foundational works that came out of the massive upheaval in English society
during the 17th century, with this specific work being very much a product of the English Civil War of that
century. It, along with the works of John Locke (and later, Adam Smith), form the trinity of Anglo-Dutch
liberal imperialist thought- the paradigm that would birth the British and Dutch India Companies, and
from that come the international corporatist model of imperialism that would come to dominate human
society. As with Hill, this too is about showing the thinking that goes into the system we live under- in
this case, part of its origins.

Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government. 1679-1681. Ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1988.

---. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. 1690. Ed. Kenneth Winkler. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1996.

---. Political Writings. Ed. David Wooten. New York: Mentor, 1993.

One cannot get into the discussion of colonial and post-colonial social order without dealing with the
very works that rest as the pillars upon which European colonialism rested upon. Locke’s works, as with
Hobbes above and Smith’s below, formed a trinity that would go on to inform and define a paradigm
that—collectively—empowered and justified the reinvention of imperial exploitation of the world. In
particular, his works would provoke the reaction of Gottfried Leibnitz and eventually influence (in ways
he would not approve) the creation of the United States by way of the Mather family and Benjamin
Franklin.

Muppidi, Himadeep. “Postcoloniality and the Production of International Insecurity.” Cultures of

Insecurity: States, Communities and the Production of Danger. Ed. Jutta Weldes, Mark Laffey, Hugh
Gusterson and Raymond Duvall. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

---. The Politics of the Global. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,2004.

---. “Colonial and Post-Colonial Governance.” Power in Global Governance (Cambridge Studies in
International Relations). Ed. Michael Barnett and Raymond Duvall. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2005.

---. The Colonial Signs of International Relations. New York: Colombia University Press, 2010.

--- and Andrew Davison. The World is My Home: A Hamid Dabashi Reader. Piscataway: Transaction
Publishers, 2010.

Himadeep Muppidi’s writings with regard to the matter of international relations and its interactions
with the various expressions of imperial control—globalism, colonialism, predatory economics and so
on—reveal a critical mind with regard to the dominant narrative, working with difficulty to explore and
delineate an alternative structure for societies and nation-states to engage the imperial global empire
on terms of their own, and not those of the empire. Specifically, his point that engagement with the
global must arise from the local and national—not imposed by the global upon the national and local—is
a note that resonates far and wide.

Perkins, John. Confessions of an Economic Hit Man. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2004.

One of the best counterparts to the above book, this is the memoir of a man that formerly worked in the
exploitative macro-level generator of inequality, exposed how that inequality directly created the misery
of common people all around the world, and (eventually) why he quit being one of the titular hit men. If
Hill’s book is ideals, theory, technique and internal sub-cultural dialog then Perkins’s book is how this all
plays out in the real world for the rest of us. I would be decried as criminally incompetent if I did not put
this book into the list precisely because Mr. Perkins was a veteran insider, and thus privy to how this
system actually works through first-hand and direct experience- for all intents and purposes, Mr. Perkins
is a primary source, showing how Bernays’s techniques have been and are used in practice since World
War II.

---. A Game as Old as Empire: The Secret World of Economic Hit Men and the Web of Global Corruption.
Ed. Steven Hiatt. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2007.

This follow-up to Confessions of an Economic Hit Man involves other people coming forward to Mr.
Perkins to corroborate much of what he first asserted in the aforementioned earlier book. Fleshing out
the details of how, past and present, the current system of imperial domination actually works from
accounts and perspectives beside his own, Mr. Perkins goes from being dismissed as a singular whistle-
blower to becoming an outlet for other people whose conscious compels them to betray the system and
expose its workings to the common people affected by that very system.

---. The Secret History of the American Empire: Economic Hit Men, Jackals, and the Truth about Global
Corruption. New York: Dutton Adult, 2007.

---. Hoodwinked. New York: Broadway Business, 2009.

Perkins’s follow-up does what his first book does not, which is address what usefully can be done about
the international system of exploitation that generates misery at the micro-level for most of the world’s
population. I intend to review the proposals for action in this book, analyze their premises and then
assess the feasibility of those proposals’ effectiveness to usefully improve the world for the better.
Other books that he’s authored, noted elsewhere in this bibliography, cover the two ends of his work to
date. Suffice to say that, as one of the more prolific popular authors that deal in this issue, his name—
and those of his sources—will recurred frequently.

Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage, 1978.

---. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage, 1994.

Scahill, Jeremy. Blackwater: The Rise of the World's Most Powerful Mercenary Army. New York: Nation
Books, 2007.

Scahill is one of the most recent journalists to sink his teeth into the mess of imperial mechanisms that
comprise the very system of control and exploitation that enact and enforce the inequalities imposed on
common people by the elites. His pursuit of Xe—the former Blackwater—is relentless and thorough, so
much so that he’s been a guest on his former show (“Democracy Now!”) more than once since his
departure just to report on this subject; this in turn brought Blackwater to the attention of Bill Moyers,
Jon Stewart, Stephan Colbert and many others- each time enlarging the exposure not only of
Blackwater, but of the privatization of military and para-military (e.g. police SWAT units) operations all
over the globe- especially the increasing dependence that the U.S. and U.K. have on such corporations,
with the influence over policy that comes with it. Having already been used after Katrina, it is no longer
inconceivable that Blackwater operatives would be used against American citizens in other places for
other reasons than to keep order after a natural disaster.

Singer, P.W.. Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry. Ithaca: Cornell University
Press 2003
John Perkins cites this as one of his sources in “Confessions of an Economic Hit Man”, with regard to the
use of mercenaries when national government assets cannot be successfully leveraged to back up those
schemes as Perkins confesses to have done during his time as a field agent working for the international
central banking system as a front-man for the empire. Along with Turse below and Scahill above, Singer
documents practical examples of the use of illegitimate means made quasi-legal through government or
corporate intervention to exert unwarranted influence upon entities that pose threats to other interests
for the purpose of corralling and controlling the narrative and discourse thereafter.

Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 1776. Ed. Edward
Cannon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

---. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. 1790. Ed. D.D. Raphael and A.L. Macfie. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

As above noted, Smith forms the third of the (then) Anglo-Dutch Establishment’s justifying trinity for
their form of imperialism, the colonial scheme of exploitation that dominated the world from the 17 th to
the 20th centuries and its later repackaging in the form of globalization and economic liberalization. The
very way that the conversation regarding inequality and addressing it is put in terms that originate with
Hobbes, Locke and Smith- as noted in the many references to secondary works derived from one or
more of these men’s body of work. Blaney and Inayatullah build their analysis and critique of the state
of political economy and international relations from Smith, in a significant part, making him relevant to
discerning the state of the dialog in both disciplines because much of it stems from his work.

Turse, Nick. The Complex: How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives . New York: Holt Paperbacks,
2009.

This book is included to illustrate, through a real and present example in conjunction with Scahill and
Singer, the process by which an interest that perceives a threat from another entity can subvert that
entity by covert means, and through those means seize control of the narrative and dialog to constrain
discourse and bend such to their ends.

Zinn, Howard, Paul Buhle and Mike Konopacki. A People's History of American Empire. New York:
Metropolitan Books, 2008.

Zinn’s examination of the Anglo-American Establishment’s assumption of the former British position as
global hegemon shows how the promise of the American republic became the new host for the global
imperial apparatus that dominates the globe by documenting the roots of that imperial corruption and
its expression over time into the present state. By documenting the process, Zinn also documents the
intervention of interests (and the individuals that run or represent them) exerting unacknowledged or
invisible influence over obstensibly free and independent institutions of government and enterprise-
control, therefore, over what’s said and done by those same elite interests for the benefit of the same.