DESIGN BENDING AND SHEAR STRENGTH

OF LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM

1.Determine the design Bending strength and the design Shear strength of a laterally Remarks /
Code
supported beam ISMB 300 section. Provisions
y
ISMB 300 section Properties: tf
Depth of section (D) = 300 mm
Width of flange (bf) = 140 mm tw
Thickness of flange (tf) = 12.4 mm z d D z
Thickness of web (tw) = 7.5 mm 4 r1

Radius at root (r1) = 14 mm

b
Yield stress (fy) = 250 MPa bf
250
= fy
= 1 y
Flange:
b = bf / 2
= 140 / 2
= 70 mm
b / tf = 70 / 12.4 = 5.65 < 9.4 (Plastic section) Table 2

Web:
d = D 2 tf 2 r1
= 300 2 12.4 2 14
= 247.2 mm
d / tw = 247.2 / 7.5 = 32.96 < 84 (Plastic section)
Table 2
Section is classified as Plastic.

Clause
8.2.1.2

fy =Yield stress of the material = 250 MPa

DESIGN BENDING AND SHEAR STRENGTH
 OF LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAM

Design bending strength = 148.1 kNm

Design Shear strength of the section:

Vd = Design shear strength

mo= Partial safety factor against shear failure = 1.1
Vp = Nominal plastic shear resistance under pure shear
Vn = Nominal shear strength of a cross section
Av = Shear area = htw (hot-rolled I section)
fyw =Yield strength of the web = 250 MPa
h = Overall depth of the section

d / tw = 247.2 / 7.5 = 32.96 < 67

Hence, the design shear strength of a cross section, Vn is governed by plastic

shear resistance.

Av=300 7.5 = 2250mm2

Av f yw
Vn= Vp= Clause
3 8.4.1
2250 250
= = 325 kN
3
V 325
Vd = n = = 295.2 kN
mo 1.1
 DESIGN BENDING OF
LATERALLY UN-SUPPORTED BEAM

2. Determine the design Bending strength of laterally unsupported beam

Remarks /
ISMB300 section of span 5m supported laterally only at the ends and subjected Code
Provisions
to uniform bending moment over the entire length.

Section Properties: y
tf
Depth of section (D = h) = 300 mm
Width of flange (bf) = 140 mm tw
Thickness of flange (tf) = 12.4 mm z d D z
Thickness of web (tw) = 7.5 mm r1

Radius at root (r1) =14 mm b

Yield stress (fy) = 250 MPa bf
250
= fy
=1 y
Flange:
b = bf / 2
= 140 / 2 = 70 mm
b / tf = 70 / 12.4 = 5.65 < 9.4 (Plastic section)
Web:
d = D 2 tf 2r1 Table 3.1
= 300 2 12.4 2 14= 247.2 mm
d / tw = 247.2 / 7.5 = 32.96 < 84 (Plastic section)
Section is classified as Plastic.

Elastic lateral buckling moment (Mcr):

tf /tw =12.4/7.5 =1.65 2.0
Clause
E = Youngs modulus =2 x 105 MPa 8.2.2
Iy = Moment of inertia about the weak axis = 453.9104 mm4
hf = Center to center distance between the flanges = 300 -12.4 = 287.6 mm
KL = Effective laterally unsupported length of the member = 5000 mm
ry = Radius of gyration of the section about the weak axis = 28.4mm
bi t i3
It = St.Venants Torsion constant = (for open cross section)
3
2 140 12.43 ( 300 - 2 ( 12.4 ) ) 7.5
3
= + = 216651 mm4
3 3
 DESIGN BENDING OF
LATERALLY UN-SUPPORTED BEAM

Iw = Warping constant = (1 - f ) f I y hy
2

( f = 0.5 for Symmetric I section ,hy = (d - tf ) = 300 12.4 = 287.6 mm )

Iw = (1 0.5) 0.5 453.9 104 287.62 =93859439160 mm6
G = Shear modulus =0.769 105 MPa
For uniform bending moment case,

2 EI y 2 EI w
M cr = GI
t +
( KL) 2 ( KL) 2 Clause
2 2 10 5 453.9 x10 4 8.2.2
2 2 10 5 9385943916 0
= ( 0.769 10 5 216651) +
50002 50002
= 92.88x106/106

M cr = 92.88 kNm

b= 1.0 for Plastic and Compact section

= Ze/Zp for Semi-compact section
Zp = Plastic section modulus of the cross section
f y = Yield stress of the material
bZ p fy
lLT =
M cr
1.0 651.74 103 250
= = 1.32 > 0.4
92.88 106
Lateral buckling governs.

mo = Partial safety factor = 1.1

 A DESIGN BENDING OF
LATERALLY UN-SUPPORTED BEAM

LT
= 0.5 1 + (l LT - 0.2) + l LT
2


= 0.5 1 + 0.21( 1.32 - 0.2 ) + 1.32 2 = 1.49
Clause
8.2.2

f bd = LT fy / mo

= 0.46 250 /1.1 = 104.6 N / mm 2

Design bending strength of the laterally unsupported beam = 68.14 kNm

Example 3
Design a simply supported beam of span 5m carrying a reinforced concrete floor
capable of providing lateral restraint to the top compression flange. The uniformly distributed
load is made up of 20 kN/m imposed load and 20 kN/m dead load. (Section is stiff against
bearing)
Step 1: Calculation of factored loads
Dead load = 1.5 x 20 = 30 kN/m
Live load = 1.5 x 20 = 30 kN/m
Total factored load on the beam = 60 kN/m
Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment and shear force
Maximum Bending moment = 60 x 52 /8 = 187.5 kN.m
60 kN/m
(factored)

5m

150 kN
m
150 kN
m

187.5 kN.m

Step 3: Section modulus required (Zp)

M m0 187.5 10 6 1.1
Zp required = fy
= = 825 10 3 mm 3
250

Step 4: Selection of suitable section

Choose a trial section of ISLB 350 @0.486kN/m
The properties of the section are
Depth of section (h) = 350 mm
Width of flange (b)= 165 mm
Depth of web (d) = 288.3mm
Thickness of flange (tf) = 11.4 mm
Thickness of web (tw) = 7.4 mm
Moment of Inertia about major axis Izz = 13158.3 x 104mm4
Elastic section modulus (Ze) = 751.9 x 103mm3
Plastic section modulus (Zp) = 851.11 x 103mm3
Section classification
250 250
= = =1
fy 250
b 82.5
= = 7.23 9.4
tf 11 .4

d 288.3
= = 38.95 84
tw 7. 4

Hence the section is classified as plastic section

Step 5: Adequacy of the section including self weight of the beam
Factored self weight of the beam= 1.5 x 0.486 = 0.73 kN/m
Total load acting on the beam = 60.73 kN/m
Maximum bending moment = 190 kN m
190 10 6 1.1
Plastic section modulus required = = 836 10 3 mm 3
250
Which is less than 851.11 x 103 mm3
Hence the chosen section is adequate
Step 6: Calculation of Design shear force
wl 60.73 5
Design shear force, V = = = 151.83 kN
2 2
Step7: Design shear strength of the section
fy 250
Design shear strength, Vd = h tw = 350 7.4
m0 3 1 .1 3

= 340 kN > 151.83 kN

Also
0.6Vd = 204; the design shear force V< 0.6Vd

Step 8: Check for design capacity of the section

 d
= 38.95 which is less than 67
tw

fy
Hence, M d = b Zp
m0

b = 1.0 since the section is plastic section

1.0 851.11 10 3 250
M d = = 193.43kN .m
1.1
1.2 Z e f y 1.2 751.9 10 3 250
193.43kN .m = = 205kN .m
m0 1.1

Hence the design capacity of the member is more than maximum bending moment
Md, 193.43 kN.m> 190kN.m

Step 9: Check for deflection

5 wl 4 5 20 5000 4
= = = 6.185 mm
384 EI 384 2 10 5 13158.3 10 4
L 5000
Allowable maximum deflection max = = = 16.67 mm
300 300
The deflection is less than the allowable maximum deflection

Example 4
Design a simply supported beam of 7m span carrying a reinforced concrete floor
capable of providing lateral restraint to the top compression flange. The total udl is made up
of 100 kN dead load including self weight plus 150 kN imposed load. In addition, the beam
carries a point load at mid span made up of 50kN dead load and 50kN imposed load.
(Assuming a stiff bearing length of 75mm)
Step 1: Calculation of factored load
Udl:
Dead load = 1.5 x 100 = 150kN
Live load = 1.5 x 150 = 225 kN
Total udl acting on the beam = 375 kN
Concentrated load:
Dead load = 1.5 x 50 = 75 kN
Live load = 1.5 x 50 = 75kN
Total concentrated load acting on the beam = 150 kN
Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment
 150 kN(factored)
W=375 kN(factored)

7m

WL WL 375 7 150 7
Bending moment = + = +
8 4 8 4
= 590.63 kN.m
Step 3: Calculation of required plastic section modulus
M mo 590.63 10 6 1.10
Zp = = = 2600 10 3 mm 3
fy 250

Step 4: Selection of suitable section

Choose a trial section of ISMB 550 @1.017kN/m
The properties of the section are
Overall depth (h) = 550 mm
Width of flange (b)= 190 mm
Depth of web (d) = 467.5mm
Thickness of flange(tf) = 19.3 mm
Thickness of web (tw) = 11.2 mm
Moment of Inertia about major axis Izz = 64893.6 x 104mm4
Elastic section modulus (Ze) = 2539.8 x 103mm3
Plastic section modulus(Zp) = 2711.98 x 103mm3
Section classification
250 250
= = =1
fy 250
b 95
= = 4.922<9.4
tf 19.3

d 467.5
= = 41.74 < 83.9
tw 11 .2

Hence the section is classified as plastic section

Step 4: Adequacy of the section including self weight of the beam
Self weight of the section (factored) = 1.5 x 1.017 = 1.5255 kN/m
 1.5 1.017 7 2
Maximum bending moment = 590.63+ =599.97 kN.m
8
Plastic section modulus required
599.97 10 6 1.1
= 2639.8 10 3 mm 3 2711 .98 10 3 mm 3
250
Hence the chosen section is adequate
Step 5: Calculation of Design shear force
1.017 7 375 150
Shear force V = + + = 266 kN
2 2 2
Step 6: Design shear strength of the section
fy 250
Design shear strength Vd = h tw = 550 11 .2
m0 3 1.1* 3

= 808.29 kN
Also
0.6Vd = 485kN
The design shear force V< 0.6Vd
Step 7: Check for design capacity of the section
d
= 41.74 which is less than 67
tw

fy 1.2 Ze fy
M d = b Zp
m0 1.10

b = 1.0 since the section is plastic section

1.0 2711 .98 10 3 250
M d = = 616.36 kN .m
1.1
1.2 Z e f y 1.2 2359.8 10 3 250
= = 643.58 kN .m
m0 1.1

Hence the design capacity of the member is more than maximum bending moment
Md, 616.36 kN.m > 590.63kN.m

Step8: Check for deflection

Actual deflection =udl + Pl
 5Wl 4 Wl 3
= +
384 EI 48 EI
5 150 7000 4 50 10 3 7000 3
= + = 7.91mm
384 2 10 5 64893.6 10 4 48 2 10 5 64893.6 10 4
L 7000
Allowable maximum deflection max= = = 23.33 mm
300 300
Actual deflection is less than the allowable maximum deflection
Step 9: Check for web buckling at support
Assume stiff bearing length, b1 = 75mm
Depth of web, d = 467.5mm

b t 3 75 11 .2 3
I eff web = 1 w = = 8780.8 mm 4
12 12
Aeff web = b1 tw = 75 11 .2 = 840 mm 2

I eff web 8780.8

r= = = 3.233mm
Aeff web 840

Effective length of web deff= 0.7 times the depth of web (d)
d eff 327.25
= = = 101.22
r 3.233
Therefore, fcd = 105.5 N/mm2
b1+n1
= 75+275 = 350 mm
Buckling resistance = fcd x B x tw
= 105.5 x 350 x 11.2
= 413.56 kN > 266kN
Hence it is safe
Step 10: Check for web bearing
( b1 + n2 ) tw fy
Fw =
m0

b1= 75 mm
n2 = 2.5 x (Root radius + flange thickness)
= 2.5 (18+19.3) = 93.25 mm Angle of dispersion is 1:2.5
tw = 11.2 mm
fy = 250 N/mm2
 ( 75 + 93.25 )* 11 .2 * 250
Fw =
1.10
= 428.27 kN 266 kN

Hence it is safe
Example 5 For the built up section shown in fig, calculate the plastic section modulus and
plastic moment capacity. Also calculate shape factor

200mm

1.5mm

Z Z
300mm

3mm

Calculation of plastic section modulus

Step1: Since the section is symmetric, the equal area axis passes through the centre of cross
section.
Calculate the centre of gravity for the divided cross section about Z-Z axis
200 3 151.5 + 150 1.5 75
ytop = = 130.64mm
( 200 3 ) + ( 150 1.5 )

Also ybottom = 130.64 mm, Since the section is symmetrical

A
Zpz = ( ytop + ybottom )
2
1650
= ( 130.64 + 130.64 ) = 215.56 10 3 mm 3
2
Calculation of Zpy:
Divide the section in to two equivalent portions along Y-Y axis and calculate the centre of
gravity for the divided cross section
 [ 2 ( 100 3 50 )] + ( 0.75 300 0.75 / 2 )
xleft = = 36.47 mm
( 2 100 3 ) + ( 0.75 300 )

The section is also symmetric along Y-Y axis. Hence xright = 36.47mm
Therefore
A
Zpy = (y + y right )
2 left
1650
= (36.47 + 36.47)= 30.09 * 10 3 mm 3
2
Shape factor calculation:
200 3 3 1.5 300 3
Iz = 2 [( ) + (( 200 3 ) 151.5 2 )] + = 30.92 10 6 mm 4
12 12
30.92 10 6
Ze = = 202.08 10 3 mm 3
153
Z pz 215.56 103
Shapefactor S = = = 1.067
Ze 202.08 10 3

Laterally unrestrained beam

Example 6 Calculate the moment carrying capacity of a laterally unrestrained ISMB 400
member of length 3m.
Section properties:
Overall depth (h) = 400 mm
Width of flange (b) = 140 mm
Thickness of flange (tf) = 16 mm
Thickness of web (tw) = 8.9 mm
Moment of Inertia about major axis Iz = 20458.4x 104mm4
Moment of Inertia about minor axis Iy = 622.1x 104mm4
Elastic section modulus (Ze) = 1175.2 x 103mm3
As the beam is laterally unsupported the design bending strength may be
Calculation of lateral torsional buckling moment:

2 EI y 2
M cr = GI f + EIw
2 2
( Kl ) ( Kl )
E 2 10 5
G= = = 76.923 10 3 N / mm 2
2( 1 + ) 2 ( 1 + 0.3 )
b t 3 2 140 16 3 400 8.9 3
I f = i i = + 5
= 4.763 10 mm
4
3 3 3
Kl = 3000mm
 (
Iw = 1 - f f I y h f 2 )
I fc
f = = 0.5
I fc + I ft

Iw = ( 1 - 0.5 ) 0.5 622.1 10 4 400 2

= 2.49 10 11 mm 6

2 2 10 5 622.1 10 4 2 2 10 5 2.49 10 11

M cr = 76.923 10 3 4.763 10 5 +
3000 2 3000 2 Sec

= 353.05kN .m

tion classification
Outstanding element of compression flange = b/tf = 70/16 = 4.38<9.4
Web with N.A at mid section = d/tw = 334.4/8.9 = 37.57 < 83.9
Hence the section is plastic
Calculation of moment carrying capacity
bZ p f y
LT =
M cr

1.0 1175 .2 10 3 250

= = 0.91
353.05 10 6

l LT = 0.5 1 + LT ( LT - 0.2 ) + LT 2
LT = 0.2

l LT = 0.5 1 + 0.2( 0.91 - 0.2 ) + 0.912
= 0.985
1
= 1.0
LT
l LT + l LT 2
- LT
2 0. 5

1
= 1.0

0.985 + 0.985 2 - 0.912 0. 5

= 0.734 1.0

LT f y
f bd =
m0
0.734 250
= = 166.82 N / mm 2
1.10
M d = b Z p f bd

= 1.0 1175 .2 10 3 166.82

= 196.05 kN .m

The moment carrying capacity of the section = 196.05 kN.m

Example 7
A proposed cantilever beam is built into a concrete wall and free at its end. It supports dead
load of 20kN/m and a live load of 10kN/m. The length of beam is 5m. Select a available
section with necessary checks. Assume bearing resistance of 100 mm

Step 1: Calculation of load

Dead load = 1.5x20 = 30 kN/m
Live load = 1.5 x 10 = 15 kN/m
Total load = 45 kN/m

Step 2: Calculation of bending moment and shear force

wl 2 45 5 2
BM = = = 562.5 kN .m
2 2
SF = wl = 45 5 = 225kN

Step 3: Selection of initial section

Assume l = 80 ; h/tf = 20 and hence fcr = 413.9 N/mm2
fy 250
LT = = = 0.78
f crb 413.9

llT = 0.5 1 + LT ( LT - 0.2 ) + LT 2

= 0.5 1 + 0.21( 0.78 - 0.2 ) + 0.78 2
= 0.87

1
LT = 1.0
l LT + l LT 2
- LT
2 0. 5

1
= 1.0

0.87 + 0.87 - 0.78 2

2 0. 5

= 0.8
LT f y 0.8 250
fbd = = = 181.82 N / mm 2
m0 1.10

562.5 10 6
Therefore required section = = 3094.06 10 3 mm 3
181.82
Choose a section of ISWB 600@133.7kg/m
Overall depth (h) = 600 mm
Width of flange (b) = 250 mm
Thickness of flange (tf) = 21.3 mm
Thickness of web (tw) = 11 mm
Moment of Inertia about major axis Iz = 106199x 104mm4
Moment of Inertia about major axis Iy = 4702.5x 104mm4
Elastic section modulus (Ze) = 603.1 x 103mm3
Plastic section modulus (Zp) = 3985.4 x 103mm3
Section classification
Outstand of compression flange = 125/21.3 = 5.86 <9.4
Web with N.A at mid depth = 514.2/11 = 46.74<83.9
Therefore the section is plastic

Step 4: Calculation of lateral torsional buckling moment

2 EI y 2
M cr = GI f + EIw
( Kl )2 ( Kl ) 2
Kl = 0.85l = 0.85 5000 = 4250 mm
E 2 10 5
G= = = 76.923
2( 1 + ) 2 ( 1 + 0.3 )
10 3 N / mm 2
b t 3 2 250 21.3 3 600 11 3
I f = i i = + 6
= 1.88 10 N / mm
2
3 3 3

( )
Iw = 1 - f f I y h f 2
I fc
f = = 0.5
I fc + I ft

Iw = ( 1 - 0.5 ) 0.5 4702.5 10 4 578.7 2

= 3.94 10 12 mm6

2 2 10 5 4702.5 10 4 2 2 10 5 3.94 10 12

M cr = 79.923 10 3 1.88 10 6 +
4250 2 4250 2

= 1729.31kN .m

Step 5: Calculation of moment carrying capacity of a section

bZ p f y
LT =
M cr

1.0 3985.4 10 3 250

= = 0.76
1729.31 10 6

l LT = 0.5 1 + LT ( LT - 0.2 ) + LT 2
LT = 0.21

l LT = 0.5 1 + 0.21( 0.91 - 0.2 ) + 0.91 2
= 0.85
 1
= 1.0
LT

l LT + l LT 2
- LT
2 0.5

1
= 1.0

0.85 + 0.85 - 0.76 2

2 0.5

= 0.81 1.0

LT f y
f bd =
m0
0.81 250
= = 184.1 N / mm 2
1.10
M d = b Z p f bd

= 1.0 3985.410 3 184.1

= 733.71kN .m 562.5 kN .m

Step 6: Calculation of shear capacity of section:

fy
Vd = h tw
m0 3
250
= 600 11
1.1 3
= 866.03kN
0.6Vd = 519.62 kN 225 kN

Step7: Calculation of deflection

wl 4
b =
8 EI
w = 30 kN / m
30 5000 4
b = = 11 .03mm
8 2 10 5 106199 10 4
l 5000
Allowable deflection = = = 33.33mm
150 150
Hence safe against deflection

Step 8: Check for web buckling

Ab = ( b1 + n1 ) t w
b1 = 100 mm
n1 = 300 mm
Ab = ( 100 + 300 ) 11 = 4400 mm 2
 Effective length = 0.7 d = 0.7 514.2 = 360 mm
bt 3 100 11 3
I = = = 11 .092 10 3 mm 4
12 12
A = 100 11 = 1100 mm 2

I 11 .092 10 3
rmin = = = 3.18 mm
A 1100
l eff 360
= = = 113 .21
rmin 3.18
f cd = 91.10 N / mm 2

strength of the sec tion against web buckling = 91.10 4400 = 400.80 kN 225 kN
Hence the sec tion is safe against web buckling

Step 9: Check for web bearing

Fw = ( b1 + n2 )t w f y / m0
b1 = 100 mm
n 2 = 95.75mm
Fw = ( 100 + 95.75 ) 11 250 / 1.10
= 489.40 kN 225kN
Hence safe