coding for remains of not been etonized ‘ble 1) and keletal Analysi Skeletal/Dental Inventory The remains of GBI 2017-1004600 represent a portion of a single human skeleton. The inventory of present skeletal elements can be found in Table | Sex: Female The assessment of sex for GBI 2017-1004600 was based on non-metric traits of the cranium and postcranial skeleton. The observed traits of the cranium that are consistent with Female include small mastoid processes, frontal bossing, a gracile nuchal crest and supra orbital ridge, a small, smooth mental s (afier Aesadi and Nemeskeri 1970 in Buikstra nce, and generally gracile muscle attachment em and Ubelaker 1994), ly small and gracile, which is consistent with The postcranial skeleton of GBI 2017-1004600 was rel i female. The observed traits of the os coxae included a wide sciatic notch, high relief of the auricular surface, a wide pubis, subpubic concavity, and a pinched ischiopubie ramus ridge. These indicative of a female pelvis (after Bass 2005 and Phenice 1969). Page 1 of 7Age: 30-44 years ‘The estimation of age-at-death of GBI 2017-1004600 was based the morphology of the pubic symphysis ‘0s coxa. The pubic symphysis exhibited remnants of the ridge and furrow system, a hiatus of the oval outline on the ventral side, microporosity, and slight lipping on the dorsal border. These traits are consistent with a Suchey-Brooks (1990) phase 4. The age range for females in phase 4 is 26-70 years, with a mean age of 38.2 years. and the auricular surface of the The auricular surface exhibited awide scope of traits- striae, uniform granulation, a reduction of billowing of the face, light microporosity, one small area of macroporosity, no transverse organization, ro apical activity, and slight activity inthe retroauricular area. These traits are consistent with Lovejoy 5. ‘These phases provide an age range of 30-44 years et al. (1985) phases 3 Ancestry: Probable Black ‘The determination of ancestry for GBI 2017-1004600 was based on non-metric traits of the cranium (after Gill and Rhine 1990 and Hefner 2009). The cranial vault was long with a very slight of the inferior nasal aperture was moderately guttered; Other gross morphological traits included a moderate ‘and nasal bone contour. The cranium also ry suture, These traits show up in the postbregmatie depression, and the morphology Consistent with an individual of African ancestry. anterior nasal spine, interorbital breadth, nasal aperture, demonstrated nasal overgrowth and a curved zygomaticomaxill highest frequency in individuals of Hispanic origin. Estimation of ancestry was also tested using metric data. When metric data was entered into Fordise 3.1 (Jantz and Ousley 2005) using 21 variables and three comparative groups, the skull was placed in the “Black female” ancestry category with 0.744 posterior probability and an F-typicality of 0.331 (see lity isa measure of the probability that this Figure 1 for complete analysis). The posterior probabil individual is a member of the selected ancestry group based upon the relative distance to the group. The sum of all posterior probabilities in one analysis must equal 1.0. The typicality value represents the Tikelihood that this individual belongs in the particular group that you are comparing it against, based on the average variability of the groups in this particular analysis. While the posterior probability and typicaity of GBI 2017-1004600 indicate Black ancestry, a visual representation of the Fordise results (Figure 2) demonstrates that the metric eranial morphology of this individual overlaps with all three comparative groups. This may explain the variety of gross morphological traits observed. Iuded dark (black or brown) curly hairs that were observed in the left squamosal Additional evidence ii suture of the cranium and among the skeletal rem Stature: 4°9"- 5°6"(Mean 5° 2”) Stature for GBI 2017-1004600 was calculated using Fordise 3.1 (Jantz and Ousley 2005) Forensic Stature Estimation (using a 90% predication interval). The regression equation used to estimate this Stature used the bi-condylar length of the femur (FEMBLN). The regression equation used is as follows: Stature estimation = 59.3 to 66.0 (62.6 +/- 3.4); Formula is: 0.09594 * FEMBLN (417 mm) + 22.63 Page 2 of 7 eee‘Trauma Analysis The skeletal remains of GBI 2017-1004600 did not exhibit any perimortem trauma. Antemortem Skeletal Changes The skeletal remains of GBI 2017-1004600 did not exhibit any antemortem pathologies or conditions. Postmortem Taphonomy The skeletal remains of GBI 2017-1004600 displayed carnivore damage to the distal portion of the right femur, proximal portions of the right tibia and fibula, the distal portions of the left tibia and fibula, and the left hand and right foot, ‘Time Since Death: 0-4 years The skeletal remains of GBI 2017-1004600 were completely skeletonized, clean, white, and bleached in some areas. The texture of the bones was heavy and moist with some adipocere and desiccated ligamentous attachments remaining around joints. The left side of the cranium was a dark color and a small amount of leaf matter was adhered. This state is consistent with Behrensmeyer Stages (1978) 0-1, suggesting a postmortem interval of less than 4 years. Summary The skeletal remains of GBI 2017-1004600 represent a single individual. The remains are consistent with a Black female with a height of 4°9"-5’6” and aged 30-44 years at the time of death. Postmortem carnivore damage was noted on the remains. No perimortem trauma was observed,Brooks S and Suchey JM. 1990. Skeletal age determination based on the os pubis: A comparison of the Aesadi-Nemerskeri and Suchey-Brooks Methods. Human Evolution 3(5): 227-238. Buikstra JE and Ubelaker DH. 1994. Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. ‘Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series No. 44. Arkansas Archaeological Survey, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Gill GW and Rhine S (eds). 1990. Skeletal attribution of race: Methods for forensic anthropology. Anthropological Papers No. 4. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Hefner JT. 2009. Cranial nonmetric variation and estimating ancestry. Journal of Forensic Sciences 54(5): 985-995, Jantz R and Ousley 8. 2005. Fordise 3.1: Statistical Program. The University of Tennessee. Lovejoy CO, Meindl RS, Prysbeck TR, and Mensforth RP. 1985. Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: A new method for determination of adult skeletal age at death. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68:15-28. Meindl RS and Lovejoy CO. 1985. Ectocranial suture closure: A revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68: 57-66. Phenice T. 1969. A newly developed visual method of sexing in the os pubis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 30:297-301 Page 4 of 7Table |. Adit Skeletal Inventory Associated with GBI 2017-10000 Skeletal Element (Cranial Bones Posteranial Bones Vertebrae Long Bones UID/ non-human: * Present (P), absent (A). Stde* Number Condition** / Notes L R Frontal P Parietal P c Occipital P c Temporal c c c 2 c Sphenoia Zygomatic Maxilla Palatine Mandible Hyoid Claviele Seapula Patelia Sacrum Os coxa c1-c7 Tie12 Lis 3-10 1 12 Humerus Radius Ulna Femur R femur fragmentary Tibia L tibia has 1 associated fragment from distal end; both fragmentary Fibula Both fragmentary Carpals Metacarpals| 3 L 4 and 5* are fragmentary Phalanges Proximal: Middle: 0 Distal: 0 Tarsals 0 R ealcancous is fragmentary Metatarsals 0 , Phalang Proximal Middle: 0 Distal: 0 aoaadaaaaaa Fragmentary porcine scapula and 2 UID fragments ** Complete (C), incomplete or fragmentary (), Page S of 7oe wats ok cae SS | | From Tova Group Number 1004600 Figure 1. Fordise 3.1 Classification Res sults for GBI 2017-1004600. Page 6 of 7conser Rigure 2. Graph of Fordise 3.1 Classification Results for GB1.2017. 1004600, The represented by the black “X current case is Page 7 of 7