2013
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
GUIDELINES ON THESIS/DISSERTATION
FORMAT
2013
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
EDITORS
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
CONTENTS
PREAMBLE .......................................................................................................vi
1. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
1.1 Length of Thesis/Dissertation................................................................. 1
1.2 Organizational Structure and Format:.................................................... 1
i. Font ............................................................................................... 1
ii. Heading and Subheadings.............................................................. 1
iii. Margins ( Body of the thesis)......................................................... 1
iv. Paragraphs and Line Spacing......................................................... 2
v. Pagination...................................................................................... 3
vi. Tables/Figures and/or Plates........................................................... 3
vii. Equations and Formulae................................................................. 3
viii. Layout and Arrangement of Contents............................................. 3
ix. Suggested Body of Thesis/Dissertation.......................................... 4
x. Reference Materials
a) References.................................................................................. 4
b) Appendices................................................................................. 4
1.3 Quality and Integrity of the Thesis/Dissertation..................................... 4
1.4 Citation and Referencing Styles............................................................. 4
1.5 Process of Thesis/Dissertation Submission............................................ 5
1.6 Binding the Final Copy.......................................................................... 5
1.7 Paper Quality.......................................................................................... 6
1.8 Cover Spine............................................................................................ 6
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
3. BODY OF THESIS/DISSERTATION
3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................9
3.2 Literature Review.....................................................................................10
3.3 Research Methodology.............................................................................10
3.4 Results/Data Analysis...............................................................................10
3.5 Discussion ...............................................................................................10
3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations.........................................................10
4. REFERENCE MATERIALS
4.1 Reference List..........................................................................................11
4.2 Appendices...............................................................................................14
5. WRITING CONVENTIONS
5.1 Math.........................................................................................................15
5.2 Ellipses . ..................................................................................................16
5.3 Conditions ...............................................................................................16
5.4 Use of Period and Commas......................................................................16
5.5 Displayed Equations . ..............................................................................17
5.6 Direct Quotations.....................................................................................17
5.7 Citing references......................................................................................17
5.9 Spelling....................................................................................................24
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
APPENDICES
APPRECIATION..............................................................................................................54
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
PREAMBLE
Technical specification
Layout and arrangement of contents
Body of thesis/dissertation
Reference materials
Writing conventions
Quality and integrity of the thesis/dissertation
Appendices
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
1. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
i. Font
Times New Roman typeface should be used. Title should be set in upper
case, bold, 14-font size. Block quotations and footnotes should be set
in 10-font size. The abstract, acknowledgement, and the main body of
the thesis/dissertation should be set in 12-font size.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
v. Pagination
Page numbers should be placed at the bottom of the page and
centered. Each page in the thesis/dissertation, from the body onward,
should be numbered in consecutive order. This includes the text,
references, and appendices. Preliminary pages carry lowercase
Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc).
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Introduction Introduction
Literature Review Literature Review
Research Methodology Research Methodology
Results Findings & Analysis
Discussion Discussion
Conclusions and Conclusions and
Recommendations Recommendations
x. Reference Materials
a) References (Refer to 4.1)
b) Appendices (Refer to 4.2)
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
i. Research Programmes
Five (5) hard copies for Masters and Doctoral thesis submission should
be spiral-bound. The full title, the name of the author, the name of
the degree, and the year of submission should be typed on the title
page. (Refer to Appendix A and B)
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Quality plain white simile paper (80gm) of A4 size (210 x 297 mm) should
be used for all copies of the thesis/dissertation. Text or illustrations should
be printed on only one side of each sheet or as stipulated by the Faculty.
Only original quality printed copies will be accepted.
Title of Thesis/Dissertation
The final title used must be the one approved by the panel of examiners.
It should be centered, uppercase, bold and single-spaced using 18-point
size.
Name of the author must be uppercase and bold using 14-point size.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Faculty of Education
June 2011
OR
Faculty of Education
October 2012
The faculty in which the student is registered is written in title case and
bold using 14-point size.
The month and year in which the thesis/dissertation is submitted for
examination is to be stated 2 cm below the facultys name, 14-point
size.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
The student should place this page before the abstract page, a signed
authors declaration stating the material presented for examination is
her/his own work or how far the work contained in the thesis/dissertation
was the students own work, and stating that the thesis/dissertation is not
being submitted for any other academic award.
The abstract should give a brief statement of the research problems, aims
of the research, methodologies used, key findings in the context of the
whole study, and implications of the study. It should be typed in single
spacing and should be between 200 to 250 words (Masters thesis/
dissertation) and between 250 to 500 words (Doctoral thesis/ dissertation).
The abstract is placed immediately before the Acknowledgement.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
All headings and sub-headings are numbered and to be justified to the left.
The numbers and the captions must be listed in the order they appear in the
text.
These must appear after the lists of figures, tables and plates.
The text is made up of a number of chapters. The major chapters of the thesis/
dissertation should include but not limited to the following:
3.1 Introduction
This section sets forth the rationale, significance, and objectives of the study.
It includes background of the study, problem statement, research objectives,
research questions, hypotheses to be tested (subject to discipline of study),
significance of study, limitations, the scope of study and definitions of
terms (subject to discipline of study).
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
This section provides the results and analysis of data. The results obtained
can be presented as a series of figures, tables, etc., with descriptive texts
and discussions.
3.5 Discussion
This section focuses on the results of the study in relation to the hypotheses
or the research questions. It highlights the main findings, their significance
and implications. The results should be interpreted in the light of what is
already known and emphasis should be placed on what the results add to
the subject area. Strengths and weaknesses of the results should be
discussed.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
4. REFERENCE MATERIALS
Students must use the APA, IEEE or Harvard style in writing their
references. A thesis/dissertation should only use one citation style that is
generally accepted according to discipline of study. The selected citation
style should be used consistently.
3. Edited book
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
5. Encyclopedia or dictionary
Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians
(6th ed., Vols. 1-20). London: Macmillan.
Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I.N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua,
L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother
and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856.
Zuckerman, M., & Kieffer, S. C. (in press). Race differences in face-ism: Does
facial prominence imply dominance? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993,
July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.19
Mazzeo, J., Druesne, B., Raffeld, P.C., Checkettes, K. T., & Muhlstein, A.
(1991). Comparability of computer and paper-and-pencil scores for
two CLEP general examinations (College Board Rep. No. 91-5).
Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2000). Title of article. Title of
Periodical, xx, xxxxxx. Retrieved month day, year, from source.21
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in
the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal
of Bibliographic Research, 5, 17-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001,
from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
4.2 Appendices
4.2.1 General
Point size for the title and the text should be 12. Text should be
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
justified. If, for example, there is more than one appendix for
APPENDIX A, then it will be titled APPENDIX A1, APPENDIX
A2, etc.
5. WRITING CONVENTIONS
5.1 Math
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
i. The slash is used in place of the word per when it leads to the
clarity of the sentence (e.g., the ratio of 16 samples/s to 35
samples/s as compared to).
j. Use indices instead of indexes when referring to subscripts.
k. Plural variables have an s.
5.2 Ellipses
5.3 Conditions
b. X=yn^{-2}, Vn=3
c. X=yn^{-2}, if n=3-y^{-4}
d. X=yn^{-2}, y3,,m
x=Y+Z.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
x=Y+Z.
The quotation needs to be true to the original, quoted in the text to support
argument.
Example:
The selected style of citing references (APA, IEEE or Harvard style) should
be applied consistently throughout the thesis/dissertation. The following
provides the APA style of citing references.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Example:
When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the
reference occurs in the text.
When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first
time the reference occurs: in subsequent citations include only the
surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year if it is the
first citation of the reference within a paragraph.
Example:
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the
first author followed by et al., and the year for the first and
subsequent citations.
If there are two references with six or more authors shorten to the
same form, cite the surnames of the first author and of as many of the
subsequent authors as are necessary to distinguish the two references,
followed by a comma and et al.
However, provide initials and surnames of the first six authors, and
shorten any remaining authors to et al. in the reference list.
(Anonymous, 1998)
Example:
Example:
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(NIMH, 1999)
Example:
Cite in text the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the
title) and the year. Use double quotation marks around the title of an
article or chapter, and italicize the title of a periodical, book, brochure,
or report.
Example:
Anonymous Author
Cite in text the word Anonymous followed by a comma and the date.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
authors with the same surname, include the first authors initials in all
text citations, even if the year of publication differs.
Example:
Order the citations of two or more works within the same parentheses
in the same order in which they appear in the reference list.
Arrange two or more works by the same author(s) in the same order
in which they appear in the reference list by the year of publication.
Place in-press citations last.
Example:
Identify works by the same author (or by the same two or more authors
in the same order) with the same publication date by the suffixes a, b,
c, and so forth after the year; repeat the year.
Example:
List two or more works by different authors who are cited within the
same parentheses in alphabetical order by the first authors surname.
Separate the citations by semicolons.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Example:
When a work has no date of publication, cite in text the authors name,
followed by a comma and n.d. for no date.
Example:
(Aristotle, n.d.)
Example:
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Example:
Example:
Example:
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Example:
5.8 Spelling
Students are reminded that consistency and accuracy of the submitted thesis/
dissertation are important. Careful editing is required in order to ensure that
the thesis/dissertation is free of errors before submission for thesis/dissertation
examination.
6.1 Plagiarism
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
6.2.1 Copying
6.2.2 Quoting
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
6.2.3 Paraphrasing
The student is responsible for writing, preparing and submitting the thesis/
dissertation within the stipulated time period.
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APPENDICES
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(5 cm )
(Lowercase,
Muhammad Idris Bin Ibrahim
(3 cm )
July 2012
(Follow the M on th of
approval for binding ) July 2012 (18 point, not bold )
(5 cm )
3 cm
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
3 cm
(5 cm )
(Lowercase,
Muhammad Idris Bin Ibrahim
(3 cm )
July 2012
(5 cm )
3 cm
29
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
BLANK PAGE
30
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(5 cm from top)
3 cm
5 cm
URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: 5 cm
( bold) (2 cm )
July 2012
(14 point )
(5 cm from bottom)
31
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(5 cm from top)
3 cm
5 cm
URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICIES: 5 cm
( bold) (2 cm )
32
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm @ 1.0 )
I certify that a Panel of Examiners has met on 15th June 2012 to conduct the final
examination of Muhammad Idris Bin Ibrahim on his Master of Science thesis entitled
Urban development Policies : housing for The urban poor In Kuala Lumpur in accordance
with Universiti Teknologi MARA Act 1976 (Akta 173). The Panel of Examniners
recommends that the student be awarded the relevant degree. The panel of Examiners
was as follows:
ii
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
I certify that a panel of examiners has met on 15th June 2012 to conduct the final
examination of Muhammad Idris Bin Ibrahim on his Doctor of Philosophy thesis entitled
Urban development Policies : housing for The urban poor In Kuala Lumpur in accordance
with Universiti Teknologi MARA Act 1976 (Akta 173). The Panel of Examniners
recommends that the student be awarded the relevant degree. The panel of Examiners
was as follows:
ii
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm )
I declare that the work in this thesis/dissertation was carried out in accordance with the
regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is original and is the results of my own work,
unless otherwise indicated or acknowledged as referenced work. This thesis has not been
submitted to any other academic institution or non-academic institution for any degree or
qualification.
(1x 1.5 spacing)
I, hereby, acknowledge that I have been supplied with the Academic Rules and Regulations
for Post Graduate, Universiti Teknologi MARA, regulating the conduct of my study and
research.
(2x 1.5 spacing)
(spacing
1.5,
Fon t 12
Times
Name of Student : Muhammad Idris Bin Ibrahim New
Roman )
Student I.D. No. : 2008123456
3.8 cm
Programme : Master of Science (Integrated Construction Project
Management) 2.5 cm
Faculty : Architecture, Planning & Surveying
Thesis/Dissertation : Urban Development Policies: Housing for the Urban
Title Poor
Signature of Student : ..
Date : July 2012 (Month of final submission
for binding)
(Either thesis/dissertation)
iii
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm )
(2 x 1.5 sp acing )
The lack of management data and not knowing what level of park quality local authorities are
trying to deliver is becoming a growing concern. The problem of urban landscape cannot be
solved simply by providing more parks and spending more money on development and
management. There is an urgent need for innovation, for better understanding of the current
and potential role of the park to meet the needs in modern urban life. Thus, the adoption of a
strategic approach is needed to planning and managing that urban landscape to carry out its
function and roles. This research aim is to study the factors of park attributes that influence (spacing
the development, planning and management of successful urban park in Kuala Muda. It Single ,
specifically studies on Taman Tasik Cini as the sole representative of urban park in the Fon t 12
Times
context of Kuala Muda Structure Plan 2020. This research is based on data obtained from a New
survey questionnaire that polled public attitudes regarding the factors of park attributes based Roman )
on visitors perception and Hariss(2008), park success factors. The data was analyzed to
evaluate and determine the park attributes and its level of preferences that influence the
strategic approach to the planning and management of successful urban park. The research 2.5 cm
suggested that successful urban park as are linked to the physical and functional qualities of
the park; security and comfort; visitors preferences and needs of the place. The results of the
study also suggested that a holistic strategic approach is needed for the local authority to
successfully managing the urban park. It is hope that the study can contribute to the
improvement of urban park planning and management in Kuala Muda.
3.8 cm
Note:
Master - 200 to 250 words
PhD 250 to 500 words
1 page only
No Paragraph
Font: Times New Roman - 12
iv
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm )
(14 point,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT bold,
uppercase)
(2 x 1.5 spacing )
Firstly, I wish to thank God for giving me the opportunity to embark on my PhD and for
completing this long and challenging journey successfully. My gratitute and thanks go to my
supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Hamzah, and co-supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Saat. (single
Thank you for the support, patience and ideas in assisting me with this project. I also would spacing ,
Font 12
like to express my gratitude to the staff of the Malaysian Nuclear Agency, especially Dr. Times
Zaharudin Ahmad, Dr. Abdul Kadir Ishak and Mr. Zulkifli Daud for providing the facilities, New
3.8 cm knowledge and assistance. Roman ,
must include
My appreciation goes to the Captain and crew members of the KL PAUS who provided the all
supervisors
facilities and assistance during sampling. Special thanks to my colleagues and friends for names, 1
helping me with this project. page only)
Finally, this thesis is dedicated to the loving memory of my very dear late father and mother
for the vision and determination to educate me. This piece of victory is dedicated to both of
2.5 cm
you. Alhamdulilah.
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm )
TABLE OF CONTENTS
( 2 x 1.5 spacing )
Page
CONFIRMATION BY PANEL OF EXAMINERS ii
AUTHORS DECLARATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS (12 point, bold,
vi
LIST OF TABLES uppercase) vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
3.8 cm LIST OF PLATES ix 2.5 cm
LIST OF SYMBOLS x
LIST OF ABBREVIATION/NOMENCLATURE xi
(2 x 1.5 spacing )
vi
38
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Note:
Chapter contents and headings may differ according to facultys requirement
1.5 spacing
Maximum of third level subheading
vii
39
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
( 2 x 1.5 spacing )
Notes:
viii
40
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
(14 point, bold,
LIST OF FIGURES uppercase)
( 2 x 1.5 spacing )
ix
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
( 2.5 cm )
(14 point, bold,
LIST OF PLATES uppercase)
(2 x 1.5 spacing)
Plate 7.1 (a) Turbine Ventilator and the Light Pipe 121
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
( 2 x 1.5 spacing )
Symbols
c Speed of light
f Frequency
k Wave vector
kc Cutoff wavenumbers
log Logarithm
n Refractive index
n() Refractive index of step-index fiber
NA Numerical aperture
Longitudinal wavevector
T Temperature
v Velocity
Attenuation coefficient
Transverse wavevector
Wavelength
Frequency
c Cutoff frequency
Notes:
Sort symbols according to alphabetical order
xi
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
Abbreviations
UK United Kingdom
Notes:
Sort abbreviations according to alphabetical order
xii
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
(2 x 1.5 spacing)
(Main Heading:
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND Flushed left, bold, upper case, font 12)
(1x 1.5 spacing)
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(Sub Heading
2.1.2. Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Test Flushed left, bold, capitalize,
font 12.)
(1 x 1.5 spacing)
The Lagrange Multiplier test (LM) is also called the Autocorrelation Test. In time
series analysis, one assumption is that the white noise must be uncorrelated. The LM test is
commonly used to assess autocorrelation properties of data series.
(1 x 1.5 spacing)
(Sub Sub-Heading
3.2.1.1 Blood Agar Flushed left, bold, capitalize, font 12.)
(1 x 1.5 spacing)
Bacto base agar powder (Oxoid) was suspended in 1L of deionized water. The agar
suspension was dissolved in a microwave oven for 6 minutes until a clear suspension was
obtained. Then it was sterilized by autoclaving at 121C for 15 minutes. After sterilization,
the agar suspension was cooled until 45C to 50C in water bath. Then, 5% sterile
defibrinated blood was added into agar and mixed. The agar suspension was poured into
sterile Petri dishes. To ensure contamination-free agar plates were obtained, the Petri dishes
were left for three days before used.
45
40
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
35
30
25
20 (Figure must be in
15
closed box)
10
OPC30 RHA3020 RHA3030
5 OPC30Sp RHA3020Sp RHA3030Sp
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Age (Days)
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
Table 4.1:
Surface Area and Porosity of Bleaching Soil
Chemical C Surface Area (m2g-1) Porosity
Composition (cm3g-1)
Plate 5.1: The view of the Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin Building, (Font size 11 and single
UiTM from the Dataran Tengku Fauziah spacing)
47
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(Hanging Indent
Use a hanging indent for the (2.5 cm)
entries longer than one line.
Indent 1/2 from the set
margins, after the first line of each entry.)
Al Haddawi, M. H., Jasni, S., Son, R., Mutalib, A. R., Bahaman, A. R., Zamri-Saad, M., et al.
(1999). Molecular characterization of P. multocida isolates from rabbits. Journal of
General and Applied Microbiology, 45, pp. 269275.
Basagoudanavar, S. H., Singh, D. K., & Varshney, B. C. (2006). Immunization with Outer
Membrane Protein of P. multocida (6:B) provides Protection in Mice. Journal of
Veterinary Medicine, 53, 524-530.
Bienhoff, S. E., Allen, G. K., & Berg, J. N. (1992). Release of tumor necrosis factor alplha
from bovine alveolar macrophages stimulated with ovine respiratory viruses and
bacterial endotodxins. Veterinary Immunology and immunopathology, 30, 341357.
National public private partnership guideline: Volume 4: Public sector comparator guidance.
(2008). Australian Government. Infrastructure Australia. Victoria Australia
Partnership (Font
size 12,
National Treasury South Africa (2004). Public Private Partnership manual: Pretoria, South Times
Africa: National Treasury PPP unit. New
Roman,
Netto, A. (2006). Malaysia's newfangled privatization fudge. EPU. (2006). and 1.5
spacing)
Nilufa. A. K (2010). Conceptual issues in Defining Public Private partnership (PPPs).
International review of Business Research papers, 6(2), 150-163.
Ninth Malaysian Plan (9MP) (2006). Putrajaya: Prime Minister's Department. Retrieved
August 17, 2006, from the World Wide Web: www.hm.treasury.gov.my
Nisar, T.M. (2007). Value for money drivers in public private partnership schemes.
International Journal of Public Sector Management, 20 (2), pp 147-156.
Norriyah (2009). 10th Malaysian Plan development expenditure at RM230b. The stars.
Nunnally,I. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill
48
Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
REFERENCES
(2x 1.5 spacing)
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
(Uppercase, centered, bold, font 14,
APPENDIX A single spacing)
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
(2.5 cm)
AUTHORS PROFILE
Muhammad Idris bin Ibrahim completed his PhD in Computational Linguistics at the
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA. He received
his MSc. in Quantity Surveying at the Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying,
Universiti Teknologi MARA. He was a research assistant for NSF funded project from 2003-
2005. ..
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
Notes:
spacing 1.5
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
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Guidelines on Thesis/Dissertation Format
APPRECIATION
The Institute of graduate studies would like to express our appreciation to the following
individuals for the tireless efforts in preparation and publication of this guideline.
54
IN S T IT U T E O
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