Tasas de Inters
Contenidos
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$10.500 = $10.000(1.05).
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VF = C0(1 + r)
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VF = C0(1 + r)T
Dividendo de $1,10
r=40%
T=5aos
$5,92 = $1,10(1.40)5
El dividendo en 5 aos ser de $5,92
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$1.10 (1.40) 5
$1.10 (1.40) 4
$1.10 (1.40) 3
$1.10 (1.40) 2
$1.10 (1.40)
0 1 2 3 4 5
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VP $20.000
0 1 2 3 4 5
$20.000
$9.943,53
(1.15) 5
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Qu Tasa es Suficiente?
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2
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2
La Tasa Anual de Inters Efectiva (EAR) es la
tasa anual que dara la misma riqueza final
despus de 3 aos (en el ejemplo):
$50 (1 EAR) 3 $70,93
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4-24
$70,93
(1 EAR)
3
$50
13
$70,93
EAR 1 .1236
$50
As, invertir al 12.36% compuesto anualmente
es lo mismo que invertir al 12% compuesto
semi-anualmente.
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4-25
4.4 Simplificaciones
Perpetuidad
Una corriente constante e infinita de flujos de caja.
Perpetuidad Creciente
Una corriente de flujos de caja que crecen a una tasa
constante infinitamente.
Anualidad
Una corriente constante de flujos de caja que duran un
nmero fijo de perodos.
Anualidad Creciente
Una corriente de flujos de caja que crecen a una tasa
constante por un nmero fijo de perodos.
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Perpetuidad
Una corriente constante e infinita de flujos de caja.
C C C
0 1 2 3
C C C
VP
(1 r ) (1 r ) (1 r )
2 3
Perpetuidad: Ejemplo
Cul es el valor de una inversin que promete pagar
15 cada ao, hasta que el Sol se convierta en un
gigante rojo y deje al planeta como papita frita?
La tasa de inters es 10%.
15 15 15
0 1 2 3
15
VP 150
.10
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Perpetuidad Creciente
Una corriente de flujos de caja crecientes que dura por
siempre.
C C(1+g) C (1+g)2
0 1 2 3
C C (1 g ) C (1 g ) 2
VP
(1 r ) (1 r ) 2
(1 r ) 3
$1,30
VP $26,00
.10 .05
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Anualidades
C 1
VP 1
r (1 r )T
Nos enfrentamos a las alternativas de pagar o ahorrar en cuotas iguales, versus
pagar el valor actual de dichas alternativas.
Anualidad
Una corriente de flujos de caja constantes por un plazo
fijo. C C C C
0 1 2 3 T
C C C C
VP
(1 r ) (1 r ) (1 r )
2 3
(1 r )T
La frmula para el valor presente de una anualidad es:
C 1
VP 1 T
r (1 r )
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Anualidad: Ejemplo
Si se pueden pagar $400 mensuales por un auto, Qu
tan caro puede ser el auto a comprar si la tasa de
inters es de 7% en un prstamo de 36 meses?
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Anualidad: Ejemplo
rsemanal 52
1 r 1
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4-34 C 1
VP 1
Anualidad: Ejemplo r (1 r )T
$400 1
VP 1 36
$12.954,59
.07 / 12 (1 .07 12)
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Anualidad Creciente
Una corriente de flujos de caja creciente por un plazo
fijo.
C C(1+g) C (1+g)2 C(1+g)T-1
0 1 2 3 T
C C (1 g ) C (1 g )T 1
VP
(1 r ) (1 r ) 2
(1 r )T
La frmula para el valor presente de una anualidad
creciente es:
C 1 g T
VP 1
rg (1 r )
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C 1 g
T
VP 1
r g (1 r )
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C 1 g
T
VP 1
r g (1 r )
$200.000 1.03
40
VP 1 $2.651.215,74
.10 .03 1.10
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N
C C C C
VAN C0 C 0
(1 r ) (1 r ) 2
(1 r ) N
t 1 (1 r ) t
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C 1 g
T
Anualidad Creciente : VP 1
r g (1 r )
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Tabla de Amortizaciones
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Tabla de Amortizaciones
A B C D E F
Nro CUOTA INTERS AMORTIZ. TOTAL AMORT. SALDO INSOLUTO
(F*r) (B -C) (E + D) (F - D)
C 1
VP 1
r (1 r )T
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Tabla de Amortizaciones
A B C D E F
Nro CUOTA INTERS AMORTIZ. TOTAL AMORT. SALDO INSOLUTO
(F*r) (B -C) (E + D) (F - D)
0 0 0 0 480000
1 102132 10080 92052 92052 387948
2 102132 8147 93985 186037 293963
3 102132 6173 95959 281995 198005
4 102132 4158 97974 379969 100031
5 102132 2101 100031 480000 0
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