The Arup Journal

Issue 1 2016

The Arup Journal

Issue 1 2016
1 The Arup Journal 1/2016
Contents

4 Lake Mead Intake No.3, USA

The worlds highest pressure subaqueous
tunnel, bored through the bed of Lake Mead
reservoir, Nevada.
Jon Hurt, Luis Piek

12 Arnhem Station, The Netherlands

$QHOHJDQWDQGHIFLHQWWUDQVSRUWKXE
SURYLGLQJUHJLRQDODQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOVHUYLFHV
Francis Archer, Jeroen Coenders,
Sander Hofman, Pieter Moerland, Joop Paul,
Siegrid Siderius, Charles Walker

22 Elizabeth Quay Pedestrian

and Cyclist Bridge, Australia
$GLVWLQFWLYHGXDODUFKHGEULGJH
SDUDPHWULFDOO\GHVLJQHG
Alistair Avern-Taplin, Nick Birmingham,
Stewart Buxton, Clayton Riddle

32 The Ribbon Chapel, Japan

Ingenious and intriguing, this wedding
FKDSHOLVDGHOLFDWHGHVLJQRILQWHUOLQNHG
spirals of steel.
Ikuhide Shibata

38 Curtis Island LNG Jetties, Australia

)DFLOLWLHVIRUVKLSSLQJOLTXHHGQDWXUDOJDV
Matt Hodder, Jesper Jensen, Peter Kastrup

46 CapitaGreen, Singapore
$SUHPLXPFRPPHUFLDOGHYHORSPHQWLQ
Singapore, its ventilation modelled on the
UHVSLUDWRU\V\VWHPRIDSODQW
Michael Chin, Scott Munro, Xu Jingfeng,
Peter Tomlinson

)URQWFRYHU
(OL]DEHWK4XD\3HGHVWULDQDQG
&\FOLVW%ULGJH3HUWK$XVWUDOLD
3KRWRArup Associates.
/HIW
Arnhem Station,
The Netherlands.
3KRWRHufton+Crow.

The Arup Journal 1/2016 3

Lake Mead Intake No.3
USA
1.
7KHULQJRIOLJKWHUURFNDURXQGWKH
ZDWHUVHGJHLQWKLVDHULDOSLFWXUHRI/DNH
0HDGVKRZVKRZVZLIWO\DQGH[WHQVLYHO\
the water level has dropped.
Introduction
2UFKHVWUDWLQJWKHGHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQRI
the worlds highest pressure subaqueous
tunnel, bored through the bed of Lake Mead
reservoir, South Nevada, involved Arups
international tunnel engineering team
GHVLJQLQJRQHRIWKHPRVWGLIFXOWWXQQHOOLQJ
SURMHFWVHYHUDWWHPSWHG,WZDVDQ
XQSUHFHGHQWHGFKDOOHQJHWKHWXQQHOLVELJ
HQRXJKWRDFFRPPRGDWHDWUDLQVRLWZDV
VLPLODUWREXLOGLQJDVXEZD\WXQQHOXQGHU
extreme water pressure of up to 17 bar.
/RFDWLRQ
Nevada, USA
Authors
-RQ+XUW/XLV3LHN
LQFOXGLQJRIWKHGULQNLQJZDWHU
FRQVXPHGE\WKHUHVLGHQWVRI/DV
Vegas. The tunnel forms a new intake that is
FULWLFDOWRPDLQWDLQLQJVXSSO\
.QRZQDVWKHWKLUGVWUDZEHFDXVHLW
supplements two existing intakes, the tunnel
ZDVXQSOXJJHGLQ6HSWHPEHUZKHQDQ
WRQVWHHOEXONKHDGZDVOLIWHGIURPWKH
WRSRIWKHLQWDNHWROHWZDWHURZWRD
SXPSLQJVWDWLRQ7KHSURMHFWWRRNHLJKW
\HDUVIURPLQFHSWLRQWRFRPSOHWLRQ$UXS
was lead designer, working with the Vegas
&RQVWUXFWLRQZDVGHPDQGLQJDQGGLIFXOW 7XQQHO&RQVWUXFWRUV97&GHVLJQDQGEXLOG
and the stakes were high. Lake Mead MRLQWYHQWXUHFRPSULVLQJ6DOLQL,PSUHJLOR
supplies water to 25 million people, DQG6$+HDO\

4 The Arup Journal 1/2016

Context
/DNH0HDGWKHODUJHVWPDQPDGHUHVHUYRLU
LQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVZDVFUHDWHGE\
FRQVWUXFWLRQRIWKH+RRYHU'DPRQWKH
&RORUDGR5LYHULQ,WKDVFDSDFLW\IRU
ELOOLRQFXELFPHWUHVRIZDWHUDQGLVOLQNHG
WRWKHDVVRFLDWHG&RORUDGR5LYHUV\VWHP
3URORQJHGGURXJKWDQGDIDVWJURZLQJ
SRSXODWLRQLVVWUDLQLQJWKHV\VWHPKRZHYHU
DQGWKHODNHOHYHOKDVIDOOHQGUDVWLFDOO\DQG
GUDPDWLFDOO\,Q(FKR%D\0DULQDLQ
/DNH0HDG1DWLRQDO5HFUHDWLRQ$UHDZDV
IXOORIVDLOLQJERDWV/HVVWKDQDGHFDGH
ODWHUWKHPDULQDLVGU\DQGGXVW\7KHZDWHU
OHYHOIHOOE\PLQWKHHLJKW\HDUVIURP
WR

:LWKWKHUHVHUYRLUGRZQIURPLWVSHDN
LQDQGWKHUDWHRIDWWULWLRQVRVZLIWWKH
6RXWKHUQ1HYDGD:DWHU$XWKRULW\61:$
IHDUHGWKDWSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHWZRH[LVWLQJ
intake tunnels from Lake Mead would 2.
deteriorate fast, drawing in water of poorer
TXDOLW\WKHQHYHQWXDOO\UXQQLQJGU\ Intake No.3 (EL 260m)
FRPSOHWHO\7RDYHUWWKLVSRWHQWLDOFULVLV
61:$ODXQFKHGDGHVLJQEXLOGFRPSHWLWLRQ
ZRQE\9HJDV7XQQHO&RQVWUXFWRUVDQG
$UXSIRUWKHGHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQRID
third intake through the bottom of the lake to
SADDLE LAKE MEAD
VDIHJXDUGVXSSO\DQGZDWHUTXDOLW\ ISLAND
Water treatment facility
Intake No.3 connector tunnel
The third straw would draw water at lake
HOHYDWLRQVOHVVWKDQPDERYHVHDOHYHO Intake No.1 (EL 320m)
GUDLQLQJWKHVQRZPHOWFDUULHGE\WKH Intake No.2 (EL 305m)
&RORUDGR5LYHUIURPWKH5RFN\0RXQWDLQV
IXUWKHULQWRWKHODNH,WZRXOGVXEVWDQWLDOO\
LQFUHDVHWKHUHOLDELOLW\DQGH[LELOLW\RI
61:$VZDWHUWUHDWPHQWDQGGHOLYHU\
V\VWHPSURYLGLQJZDWHUYLDDSXPSLQJ
station, even if lake elevations dropped too
ORZIRUWKH+RRYHU'DPWRUHOHDVHZDWHUWR
downstream users.


Overview
7KHPGLDPHWHUWXQQHOUXQVNPXQGHU
WKHODNHIURPDPGHHSRQVKRUHDFFHVV
VKDIW7KHWXQQHOERULQJPDFKLQHXVHGWR
H[FDYDWHWKHWXQQHOHQFRXQWHUHGZDWHU
pressures up to 17 bar as it ground through
5DWKHUWKDQVLQNLQJDFRQYHQWLRQDOGULOOHG
shaft in the lake and tunnelling into it, as the
original brief suggested, Arup designed a
SUHFDVWHOERZWKDWFRXOGEHSDUWLDOO\EXULHG
DQGFDSSHGRQWRS$WXQQHOERULQJPDFKLQH
9LHZRIWKH+RRYHU'DPLQWDNHWRZHUV
from the shoreline showing the original
lake elevation and the drop in water levels.
6FKHPDWLFRIWKHUVWWZRVKDOORZHU
LQWDNHVZLWK,QWDNH1RSODFHGIXUWKHU
offshore in one of the deepest areas of
OD\HUVRIURFNEHQHDWKWKHPGHHSODNH
7RPDQDJHWKHULVNVZKLFKLQFOXGHGWRWDO
LQXQGDWLRQZKLOHFRQQHFWLQJWKHWXQQHOWRWKH
intake, the Arup team developed an
LQQRYDWLYHDQGXQLTXHFRQFHSWWKDWLQYROYHG
SUHIDEULFDWLQJWKHLQWDNHVWUXFWXUHLQDKROH
at the bottom of the lake, surrounding it with
FRQFUHWHWKHQFRQQHFWLQJWKHWXQQHOGLUHFWO\
LQWRWKLVVWUXFWXUH
7%0ZRXOGWSUHFLVHO\LQWRWKHHOERZ the reservoir.
WDNLQJRQZDWHUSUHVVXUHZKLOHUHGXFLQJULVN
for those working underground on the
SURMHFW7KH7%0ZRXOGERUHNPWKURXJK
FRPSOH[DQGYDULDEOHJHRORJLFIHDWXUHV
XQGHUWKHODNHWRFRQQHFWWKHRQVKRUHDFFHVV
VKDIWZLWKWKHLQWDNHULVHUVWUXFWXUHRQWKH
bottom of the lake. Additional underground
FRQQHFWLRQVZRXOGOLQNWKHQHZLQWDNHWRWKH
H[LVWLQJZDWHULQWDNHV\VWHP
The Arup Journal 1/2016 5
*HRORJ\HQFRXQWHUHGDORQJ
the alignment. 400
6FKHPDWLFRIWKHDFFHVVVKDIW SADDLE ISLAND Pcl Saddle Island Lower Plate Tms Red Sandstone
VKRZLQJWKH7%0DVVHPEO\ Pcu Saddle Island Upper Plate Tvsi Callville Mesa Basalt
FKDPEHUVWDUWHUWXQQHODQG Tmc Muddy Creek Formation
FRQQHFWLRQWR3XPS6WDWLRQ
350
3KRWRVKRZLQJWKHWRSGRZQ EL 328m (July 2015)
FRQVWUXFWLRQPHWKRGRORJ\IRU
WKHDFFHVVVKDIWH[FDYDWLRQ Intake shaft
7. Setting of the ring beam for (EL 260m)
WKHVWDUWRIFRQFUHWHZRUNVDWWKH 300

Elevation (m)
DFFHVVVKDIW
)DFHPDSSLQJWKHJHRORJ\
of the starter tunnel.
250
Tvsi
Tmc1 Tms Tunnel
(approx. 5km)

Detachment Fault

200

Pcl Pcu Tmc3 Tmc2 Tmc4 Tms Pcu Tmc4 Tms

150
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Metres



Geotechnical challenges 7KH8SSHU3ODWHPDWHULDOZDVYHU\ Tunnel access shaft

7KHWXQQHODFFHVVVKDIW7%0DVVHPEO\ FKDOOHQJLQJIRUWXQQHOOLQJDVLWZDVKLJKO\
FKDPEHUDQGVWDUWHUWXQQHODUHORFDWHG IUDFWXUHGDQGKLJKO\SHUPHDEOHPDNLQJ Temporary niche
ZLWKLQWKH6DGGOH,VODQG)RUPDWLRQZKLFK PDLQWHQDQFHRIWKH7%0YHU\FKDOOHQJLQJ tunnel
GWL
LVDPDVVRI3UHFDPEULDQPHWDPRUSKLFURFN 7KH0XGG\&UHHN)RUPDWLRQLVD7HUWLDU\ 58m Saddle Island
Upper Plate
DSSUR[LPDWHO\NPORQJDQGPZLGH VHGLPHQWDU\URFN&RQJORPHUDWHEUHFFLD
7KH'HWDFKPHQW)DXOWLVDPDMRUQRUWKHDVW VDQGVWRQHVLOWVWRQHDQGJ\SVLIHURXV
VWULNLQJQRUWKZHVWGLSSLQJORZDQJOHIDXOW PXGVWRQHRIWKH0XGG\&UHHN)RUPDWLRQDUH
Detachment
WKDWVHSDUDWHVWKHLVODQGLQWRWZRGLVWLQFW HQFRXQWHUHGWKURXJKRXWPXFKRIWKHWXQQHO Fault
JHRORJLFIRUPDWLRQVDQ8SSHU3ODWHDQGD DOLJQPHQWFRUULGRU7KH0XGG\&UHHN
Lower Plate. )RUPDWLRQLVGLYLGHGLQWRIRXUVXEXQLWV 58m
Saddle Island
SULPDULO\EDVHGRQJUDLQVL]HDQG Lower Plate

7KH8SSHU3ODWHLVDKHWHURJHQHRXV PLQHUDORJ\7KHVXEXQLWVDUHJ\SVLIHURXV Intake Pump

DVVHPEODJHRIFU\VWDOOLQHPHWDPRUSKLFURFN
SUHGRPLQDQWO\TXDUW]IHOGVSDUJQHLVVDQG
PLFDVFKLVWLQWUXGHGE\K\SDE\VVDOGDFLWH
DQGGLRULWHRI7HUWLDU\DJH7KH/RZHU3ODWH
SULQFLSDOO\FRQVLVWVRIYDULDEO\P\ORQLWLVHG
DPSKLEROLWHDQGTXDUW]IHOGVSDUJQHLVV
$OWKRXJKWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHWXQQHODFFHVV
VKDIWZDVFRQVWUXFWHGLQWKH/RZHU3ODWHWKH
WRSRIWKHVKDIWLVLQWKH8SSHU3ODWHDQGWKH
'HWDFKPHQW)DXOWSDVVHVWKURXJKWKHVKDIW
EHWZHHQPDQGPEHORZJURXQGOHYHO
'XULQJFRQVWUXFWLRQDGGLWLRQDOKLJKDQJOH
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The intake tunnel extends from the tunnel
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Saddle Island. On leaving the shaft, it passes
from the Lower Plate through the
'HWDFKPHQW)DXOWDQGLQWR8SSHU3ODWH
PDWHULDODQGWKHQLQWRWKH0XGG\&UHHN
Formation.
mudstone; interbedded siltstone, sandstone, Station 3
stub tunnel
DQGSHEEOHFRQJORPHUDWHWDQFRQJORPHUDWH
DQGUHGGLVKEURZQFRQJORPHUDWLFEUHFFLD TBM assembly
chamber
66m
The Las Vegas Wash was the major drainage TBM starter tunnel
IHDWXUHRIWKH/DV9HJDV9DOOH\EHIRUHWKH
area was submerged under Lake Mead. The
VXEPHUJHGZDVKFURVVHVWKHSURMHFWDUHDWR Stub tunnel for
future expansion
the northeast of Saddle Island as a narrow
DQGGHHSO\HQWUHQFKHGFKDQQHOH[WHQGLQJWR 5.
WKHSUH/DNH0HDGRRGSODLQRIWKH
&RORUDGR5LYHU7KHZDVKLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\
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VDQGJUDYHOFREEOHVDQGERXOGHUV7KH WKLVLVRYHUODLQE\EDVDOWRIWKH&DOOYLOOH
WXQQHODOLJQPHQWFURVVHVXQGHUWKHZDVK 0HVD8QLW7KH&DOOYLOOH0HVD8QLWLV
ZLWKDSSUR[LPDWHO\PRIURFNFRYHU FRPSULVHGRIVHYHUDOGLVWLQFWRZVRI
7HUWLDU\EDVDOWDQGDWWKHLQWDNHDUHDIRUPV
$WWKHQRUWKHDVWHUQOLPLWRIWKHSURMHFWDUHD DFDSURFNWKDWUDQJHVLQWKLFNQHVVIURPOHVV
DQROGHU7HUWLDU\FRQJORPHUDWHRIWKH5HG WKDQPWRJUHDWHUWKDQP7KHLQWDNH
6DQGVWRQH8QLWLVHQFRXQWHUHGDGMDFHQWWR VWUXFWXUHZDVORFDWHGZLWKLQWKHEDVDOWFDS

6 The Arup Journal 1/2016

 7.

Access shaft 7KHORDGIDFWRUVXVHGIRUVKDIWOLQLQJVZHUH

Work on the new intake began with the EDVHGRQ$6&(6(,0LQLPXP'HVLJQ
H[FDYDWLRQRIDYHUWLFDODFFHVVVKDIWRQD /RDGVIRU%XLOGLQJVDQG2WKHU6WUXFWXUHV
peninsula at the west side of the lake at 7KLVVSHFLHVDORDGIDFWRURIDSSOLHGWR
6DGGOH,VODQG7KHPGLDPHWHUVKDIWZDV
GHVLJQHGIRUKLJKFRPSUHVVLYHIRUFHVIURP
WKHJURXQGDQGJURXQGZDWHU5HFRJQLVLQJ
WKDWWKHKRRSVWUHVVHVZHUHJHQHUDOO\
uniform, the shaft was designed as a ring
XQGHUFRPSUHVVLRQDOORZLQJDSODLQ
FRQFUHWHOLQLQJWREHGHVLJQHG
$WRSGRZQFRQVWUXFWLRQPHWKRGZDV
adopted, with the permanent lining installed
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RIWHPSRUDU\VXSSRUW7KLVHQWDLOHG
HYDOXDWLQJWKHHIIHFWVRIEODVWLQJQHDUIUHVKO\
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YHORFLW\DQGSHDNSDUWLFOHDFFHOHUDWLRQ7KH
SURFHVVZDVHVVHQWLDOO\GULOOEODVWH[FDYDWH
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ORZHUIRUPFDVWFRQFUHWHUHSHDW
7KHPGHSWKRIWKHVKDIWUHVXOWHGLQKLJK
LQVLWXJURXQGZDWHUSUHVVXUHV7RUHGXFHWKH
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drainage holes were designed into the lining
DQGWKHUHVXOWLQJLQXHQFHRIWKH
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the elevation.
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8.
TBM assembly chamber
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GLDPHWHUPORQJ+HUUHQNQHFKWPXOWL
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VWUXFWXUDOHIFLHQF\
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liner was installed.
The Arup Journal 1/2016 7
9. Completed TBM assembly chamber.
3KRWRVKRZLQJWKHIROGVDQGZHDWKHULQJ
RIWKH6DGGOH,VODQG/RZHU3ODWH

Starter tunnel
By 2010, with the access shaft and TBM
assembly chamber complete, work began on
a starter tunnel this was where the TBM
would begin its three-year journey into the
lake bed. Despite careful planning, the
GLIFXOWQDWXUHRIWKHJURXQGFRQGLWLRQV
made this part of the project unpredictable
and dangerous. In the early days, a 180m
deep section of the tunnel collapsed, forcing
the team to adjust the alignment of the starter
tunnel.
9.
The mining team worked at a rock face with
the pressure of a deep lake immediately
above and beyond it. The magnitude of the IURPWKHVXUIDFHDVVL[VHJPHQWVWKHQ
risk as they drilled into the rock was reassembled behind the TBM as it went
enormous and unprecedented had the forward. Cast at a purpose-built facility
design teams careful calculations been 55km from the Lake Mead site, the
wrong, immediate and catastrophic traditional reinforced concrete segments had
inundation could have resulted. As it was, DPLQLPXP03DFRQFUHWHVWUHQJWKDQG
the realigned starter tunnel was completed 03DVWHHO\LHOGVWUHQJWKDQGWKH\
successfully to the stage at which the TBM required hot and cold weather curing due to
could start work and take the majority of WKHH[WUHPHWHPSHUDWXUHVHQFRXQWHUHG
the risk. around Las Vegas.

Main tunnel The joint performance between the rings was

The 1,500 metric tonne TBM was designed
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VTC team worked with Herrenknecht AG,
the machines manufacturer and supplier, to
HQVXUHWKHVSHFLFDWLRQH[DFWO\PDWFKHGWKH
job it needed to do. Designed to be driven in
rock with water head up to 17 bar, it was also
capable of grouting and ground improvement
ahead of the face. The TBM was designed to
critical because of the effect of bursting
stresses due to high hydrostatic pressure.
Localised ram forces resulted in contact
VWUHVVHVDSSURDFKLQJ03D7KHVHKLJK
concentrations of forces result in internal
10.
WHQVLOHEXUVWLQJVWUHVVHVDWWKHH[WUHPLWLHV
of the segmental lining, calculated using a
well-known closed-form solution for This was hard for the team to bear, and these
pre-stressed concrete members (Leonhardt, were dark days for the project as they came
H[FDYDWHWKURXJKWKHURFNLQERWKRSHQPRGH
as a traditional hard rock style TBM, with
SUHVVXUHVDWDWPRVSKHUHDQGVFUHZH[WUDFWLRQ
from the cutterhead and closed mode,
XVLQJSUHVVXULVHGVOXUU\WRH[WUDFWPDWHULDOV
from the cutterhead to prevent water ingress.
$VWKH7%0DGYDQFHGDSSUR[LPDWHO\
precast concrete rings each weighing more
than 32 tons were lowered underground to
be used for lining and reinforcing the
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8 The Arup Journal 1/2016
DQGYHULHGXVLQJDFRPELQDWLRQ
of 2D plane strain FE and 3D solid
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combined an increase in the compressive
strength of the concrete with high-strength
welded wire mesh strategically located in
the segmental linings.
Boring the tunnel was perilous and in 2012,
WUDJHG\VWUXFNZKHQH[SHULHQFHGPLQHU
\HDUROG7KRPDV7XUQHUGLHGLQDQ
accident during tunnel segment installation.
to terms with the loss of a respected colleague.
When the tunnel was completed, however, it
was a tribute to Turner and all who worked
on it. Bright, clean and big enough for a
subway train, it sloped up slightly from the
bottom of the access shaft on Saddle Island
to a reinforced concrete chamber encased in
tremie concrete on the lake bottom, capped
by a hemispheric bulkhead the intake
structure that would draw water from the
bottom of the lake.

11.
12.
Intake structure
The design of the intake, which involved
DVVHPEOLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHRQDRDWLQJGHFN
and sinking it to the bed of the lake, was
among Arups key contributions to the
SURMHFW7KHUHZDVDGHJUHHRIH[LELOLW\LQ
the contract requirements, which meant the
design team could innovate to reduce both
construction risk and schedule. By
prefabricating the structure on the lakeside,
then shipping it out and sinking it, the team
was able to minimise underwater
construction and avoid diving operations.
14.
The intake is 30m tall, 5m to 8.5m internal
diameter, 1,600 metric tonne dry weight, and
1,000 metric tonne buoyant weight. The
lower section is concrete, designed to resist
full lake pressure on the outside, while at
atmospheric pressure on the inside. The base
VODEZDVFDVWRQDRDWLQJSODWIRUPZLWKWKH
remainder of the structure cast in stages, the
structure lowered into the water between
HDFKSRXUWRPD[LPLVHWKHEHQHWRIWKH
reduction in weight due to buoyancy.
11. Topside assembly of the main
TBM components.
12. Ring stacks of the segmental
tunnel lining.
13. Stainless steel top rack (inverted)
of the intake structure.
14. Intake structure nearing
completion from barges.
13.
The sequence saw the chamber structure
cast, then the TBM soft eye (the point at
which the TBM would break through), then
the top of the chamber and the concrete
collar. The upper steel section, comprising
the riser section and the intake screen, was
placed on top of the concrete base. Stainless
VWHHOZDVXVHGWRSURYLGHVXIFLHQW
durability. The completed structure was then
RDWHGRXWLQWRSRVLWLRQ
The Arup Journal 1/2016 9

15.
7KHGHVLJQFRQFHSWZDVGHYHORSHGDWWKHELG
VWDJH$WWKLVWLPHWKHZKROHLQWDNHVWUXFWXUH
was envisaged to be formed from steel.
'XULQJGHWDLOHGGHVLJQWKHXVHRIFRQFUHWH
IRUWKHORZHUVHFWLRQRIWKHLQWDNHZDV
HYDOXDWHG$OWKRXJKWKHFRQFUHWHVROXWLRQ
ZDVKHDYLHUZKLFKDGGHGWRWKHORJLVWLFDO
FKDOOHQJHVRIFRQVWUXFWLRQRQWKHRDWLQJ
EDUJHLWDOORZHGVLPSOHUFRQVWUXFWLRQ
RYHUDOODQGUHGXFHGPDWHULDOFRVWVDQG
removed the need for extensive welding of
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URFNUHPRYDORIODUJHUSLHFHVZLWKD
FODPVKHOODQGQDOFOHDQLQJE\YDFXXP
DLUOLIW7KHVKDSHGFKDUJHVXVHGIRUEODVWLQJ
ZHUHORZHUHGXVLQJDVWHHOFUXFLIRUPIUDPH
DQGORFDWHGYLD*367KHEODVWYLFLQLW\ZDV
FOHDUHGRIERDWWUDIFDQGFKDUJHVZHUHVHW
RIIIURPWKHFUDQHEDUJH$QDLUEXEEOH
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17.
Breaking through
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DSSURDFKHGWKHHQGRILWVWKUHH\HDUMRXUQH\
$UXSV/HDG7XQQHO'HVLJQHU/XLV3LHN
FRPSDUHGWKHPRPHQWRIEUHDNWKURXJKWR
ODQGLQJDPGULOORQDEXOOVH\H0RVWO\LQ
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FRQFUHWHFRPLQJGRZQDQGWKHUHDUHSHRSOH
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were through, we lowered an ROV into the
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Excavation on lake bed
Preparing the lake bed for the intake
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lowered. To minimise risk, there was no
diving during this operation, with all
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Sustainability
$ZDWHUVDPSOLQJFRQGXLWDQGWZLQSLSHOLQHV
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was 17m wide, 28m long and 21m deep with
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10 The Arup Journal 1/2016
REVHUYDWLRQVPDGHE\529
7RPDNHDEDVHIRUWKHLQWDNHVWUXFWXUH
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HQGRIWKHFRQFUHWHGHOLYHU\SLSHLVNHSW
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and avoids segregation of the mix. More
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ODUYDH4XDJJDPXVVHOVFORJZDWHUSLSHVDQG
FDXVHPDLQWHQDQFHSUREOHPV
The spoil from the tunnelling works has
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18.
Conclusion
,QWKHODVWGHFDGH$UXSKDVEHHQLQYROYHGLQ
WKHGHVLJQDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQRINPRI
WXQQHOVLQFOXGLQJWUDQVSRUWWXQQHOVDQG
PRUHWKDQIRUZDWHUDQGYDULRXVRWKHU
VHUYLFHV7KHWHDPVOHDUQLQJIURPWKLV
KLJKO\GHPDQGLQJSURMHFWXQGRXEWHGO\
DXJPHQWHGWKHLUH[SHUWLVH7HFKQLTXHV
GHYHORSHGDUHDOUHDG\EHLQJXVHGWRLQIRUP
RWKHUSURMHFWVVXFKDV$UXSVGHVLJQZRUNRQ
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XQGHUZDWHUWXQQHOIRUDKLJKZD\LQ+RQJ
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For SNWA, the Lake Mead tunnel represents
an immediate solution to a pressing problem.
61:$*HQHUDO0DQDJHU-RKQ(QWVPLQJHU
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attempted. Coupled with a future pumping
VWDWLRQFDSDEOHRIZLWKGUDZLQJZDWHUHYHQ
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V\VWHPZLOOKHOSDVVXUHDGHSHQGDEOHVXSSO\
of water for future generations of Southern
1HYDGDQV
The pipeline wont draw more water from
WKHODNHWKDQEHIRUHRUPDNHWKHVXUIDFH
OHYHOGURSDQ\IDVWHUEXWLWZLOONHHSWKH
ZDWHURZLQJHYHQLIGURXJKWVWULFNHQ/DNH
0HDGGURSVWRLWVORZHVWHYHUOHYHOV
Authors $HULDOYLHZRIWKHMREVLWH7KHDFFHVVVKDIW
Jon Hurt LVD3ULQFLSDOLQ$UXSV1HZ<RUN is at the top of the looped ramp. The tunnel
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHWHDP+HZDV3URMHFW0DQDJHUIRU/DNH H[WHQGVWRWKHOHIWKDQGVLGHRIWKHSKRWRRYHU
0HDG,QWDNH1R PXQGHUJURXQG
Luis Piek LVDQ$VVRFLDWHLQ$UXSV6DQ)UDQFLVFR 7KLVSLFWXUHVKRZVIDFHLQVWDELOLW\GXULQJ
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHWHDP+HZDV/HDG7XQQHO(QJLQHHUIRU H[FDYDWLRQRIWKHUVW7%0VWDUWHUWXQQHO
/DNH0HDG,QWDNH1R 7KLVSLFWXUHVKRZVWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKH
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Project credits
Davar Abi-Zadeh, Darrell Arrant, Peter Ayres, Alison 18. Finished tunnel prior to removal of utilities,
Barmas, Liam Basilio, Tom Berry, Jodi Borghesi, Mark KHDGLQJWRZDUGVWKHLQWDNHVWUXFWXUH
Brand, Fergal Brennan, Scott Bringloe, Natalie Brush,
Alecs Chong, Andy Cushing, Vipul Dudhaiya, Margaret
Garcia, Elena Gavazzi, Reza Ghasemi, Richard
Gibbins, Damian Grant, Andrew Grigsby, John Hand,
Rob Harding, Ivan Hee, Yuli Huang, Jon Hurt, Hyuk Il
Jung, Khine Khine Oo, Brandon Kluzniak, Iraklis
Koutrouvelis, Francois Lancelot, Sean Lee, Vincent Lee,
Steve Macklin, Michele Mangione, Harnaik Mann,
Bryan Marsh, Patrick McCafferty, Alex Monteiro, David
Mutonyi, Naik Naik, Robert Ou, Don Phillips, Luis Piek,
Alexander Poling, Seth Pollak, Daniel Powell, John
Powell, Xiangbo Qiu, Christian Saad, Robert Shaw,
Edwin Shlemon, Edward Stonehill, Ivana Sturm, Eron
Sudhausen, Somchat Suwan, Rob Talby, Foteini
Vasilikou, David Whitaker, Michael Willford, Kevin Yee.
Image credits
1, 2 ShutterstockGoogle Earth/Arup;
Martin HallArup.
The Arup Journal 1/2016 11
Arnhem Station, The Netherlands
/RFDWLRQ Authors
Arnhem, The Netherlands )UDQFLV$UFKHU-HURHQ&RHQGHUV6DQGHU+RIPDQ
Pieter Moerland Joop Paul Siegrid Siderius Charles Walker

1. Exterior view of Arnhem Station, Introduction 2SHQHGLQ1RYHPEHUWKLVEXV\

ORFDWHGQHDUWKHFLW\FHQWUH
7KHIRUPRIWKHVWUXFWXUHJXLGHV
passengers, so there is minimal formal
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OLJKWLQJDUHNH\WRZD\QGLQJ
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an unusual design possible.
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that serves travellers and transport providers
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it rewrites the rulebook on station design
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their destinations. Minimal signposting is
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optimum solution to serve the passengers
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1.

12 The Arup Journal 1/2016

SHUGD\DQGLWZLOOKDQGOHGRXEOHWKDW
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'XWFK*RYHUQPHQWVVWUDWHJLFUDLOSODQV
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work on the masterplan for the station area
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Overview
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masterplan for the redevelopment stemmed
IURPWKHYHU\VPDOOVL]HRIWKLVIRRWSULQW
QHFHVVLWDWLQJUHDOLQJHQXLW\WRGHYLVHD 2.
SDVVHQJHUWUDQVIHUKDOODQGDVVRFLDWHGVSDFHV
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WRQDYLJDWHEHFDXVHLWZDVHVVHQWLDOIRUWKH
)RUWKHVLWHDVDZKROH816WXGLRDQG$UXS transition from one mode of transport to
GHPRQVWUDWHGWUXHDUFKLWHFWXUDODQG DQRWKHUWREHVZLIWDQGHIFLHQW
HQJLQHHULQJPDVWHU\LQWKHZD\WKH\FUHDWHG
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GHFNELF\FOHVWRUDJHODUJHSDUNLQJJDUDJH to the design, so rather than designing the
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1 Front twist
2 Back twist
3 Roof
4 K5 structure
5 Trumpet
3
4 6 Flip
7 Balcony

2 1

7
5
6 To trains

Underground parking (below, not indicated)



The Arup Journal 1/2016 13

 Context
The redevelopment of Arnhem Station forms
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the other stations, Arnhem Station has
proved an important model for
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international travel.

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masterplan for redeveloping the station and
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was to be designed to meet the travel
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Design concept
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Amsterdam Hanover underground parking in the basement, to the
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Arnhem
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The underground portion of the building is

Dortmund
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an integral part of what is above the ground,
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Brussels
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To
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Frankfurt

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Paris inside and outside the building. The ground
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To Zurich
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5. QHWZRUNRIVSOLWRRUVDQGUDPSV7KHODUJH

14 The Arup Journal 1/2016

areas of glazing that provide the buildings
faade extend up over the roof to form
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team worked as an integrated unit and that
was how the engineers of Arup and the
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moved around the station. To understand this
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going on outside the transfer hall.

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Arnhem, the Arup team generated
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reason, the station design would have to
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alighting from trains, but also those using the
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:KHQWKHLQLWLDOGHVLJQSURFHVVWRRNSODFH into its urban surroundings and resulted in 7KHIURQWWZLVWRSHQVXSDODUJHVSDFH

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design the passenger terminal around
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imagining a bottle without an inside or
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thinking about an inside or outside of the
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transfer hall to the other.
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platforms to the transfer hall. Lights inset
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parking area.
The Arup Journal 1/2016 15
Developing the twist
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the hall below.

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Having found the approximate shape of the
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the underground parking with the less
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and a wax model of the twist was printed in
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photographed to explain the imagined
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7.
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building its shape, it wasnt suitable for
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had to be bridged.
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16 The Arup Journal 1/2016

 

8.

Double curved in-situ concrete roof

11.

Demarcation between 7KHEDOFRQ\VXSSRUWHGE\WKHIURQWWZLVW

Free formed concrete slab with
weight-reducing void formers
Double curved
wall twist
Existing floor behind twist
fair-faced concrete provides both interior and exterior views to
twist and roof
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Free formed concrete slab with (OHYDWLRQRIWKHWZLVWVKRZLQJWKH
weight-reducing void formers
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Floor finishing (indicative)
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building it in steel.
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Existing phase 1 Existing column

 Centre of foundation

The Arup Journal 1/2016 17

12.
Materials
Armed with this new insight, Arup engineers
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building market was at its peak.
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18 The Arup Journal 1/2016
WHQGHULQZLWKFRQWUDFWRUVLQYLWHGWR
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the roof in steel, for the same budget but in
order to minimise risk, was awarded the
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Substructure
When the initial masterplan was approved in
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Frankfurt would stop at Arnhem Station
generating a large amount of park and ride
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the levels of the building on top of it.
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Klein bottle theme of openness.
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different enlarging spans from bottom to top
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to build, so these two phases were put out to
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the deep wall foundation of the underground
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twist rotates above the road bridge into the
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of the design of the transfer hall, with the
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being the most important, are referred to as
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spline. In order to build a digital model of
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With the design divided up into triangles, $FFHVVWRWUDLQSODWIRUPV
most of the weight of the building was QLWHHOHPHQW)(DQDO\VLVFRXOGEHXVHGWR &RQVWUXFWLRQRIWKHWUXPSHW
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best suited foundation for a robust solution. QRQOLQHDUFDOFXODWLRQVRIWKHFRPSOH[ (YROYHGDEVWUDFWVFKHPH
JHRPHWU\+RZHYHUEHFDXVHGHVLJQDQG showing light and platforms.
Superstructure FRQVWUXFWLRQZHUHKDSSHQLQJVLPXOWDQHRXVO\
In addition to the twist, the roof of the WKHGHVLJQWHDPKDGWRFRQWLQXRXVO\
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FRPSULVHVDZDOOPPWKLFN7KHZDOO To solve this issue, Arup developed a
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The Arup Journal 1/2016 19


WKHFOLHQWDQGKDQGRYHUWRWKHFRQWUDFWRU
KRZWKHUHIHUHQFHFRQFUHWHGHVLJQRIWKH
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:KDWPDGHWKHJHRPHWU\RIWKHVKHOOVKDSHG
URRIFRPSOH[DQGWKHWDLORUPDGHVRIWZDUH
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7:$7HUPLQDOLQ1HZ<RUN1, or the roof of
17.
Conclusion
The initial design of Arnhem Station, both
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KDSSHQHGDWDWLPHZKHQDUFKLWHFWVDQG
HQJLQHHUVZHUHLQWKHSURFHVVRIDGRSWLQJ
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didnt exist. To make the integral design and
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software.
Authors
Francis Archer6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHUDQG$VVRFLDWH
'LUHFWRUZDVLQYROYHGLQWKHSURMHFWGXULQJWKHGHVLJQ
phase.
Jeroen Coenders3URMHFW0DQDJHUIURPWKHGHVLJQ
SKDVHZRUNHGRQJHRPHWU\DQGFRPSXWDWLRQ
Sander HofmanZDV/HDG6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHUIURPWKH
design phase.
Pieter Moerland6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHUZRUNHGRQWKH
SURMHFWIURPWKHGHVLJQSKDVHIRFXVLQJRQQRQOLQHDU
FRQFUHWHEHKDYLRXU
Joop Paul6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHUZDV3URMHFW0DQDJHULQ
WKH6\GQH\2SHUD+RXVH2WKHURRIRIWKH
WUDQVIHUKDOORI$UQKHP6WDWLRQLVQW(YHU\
VLQJOHEHQGDQGFXUYHLQWKHJHRPHWU\LV
XQLTXHDQGKDGWREHFDOFXODWHGLQWHJUDOO\
6WDQGDUGVRIWZDUHODFNHGWKHFRPSXWLQJ
FDSDFLW\QHHGHGWRGRDOOWKHFDOFXODWLRQVDV
WKHJHRPHWU\ZDVYHU\FRPSOH[(YHQ
ZLWKWKHSDUDPHWULFPHVKLQJWRROER[
HQJLQHHULQJWKHSURMHFWZDVRQO\SRVVLEOH
The result is a building that is unique in
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spanning a time when design and
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IRULWVVWFHQWXU\UDLOQHWZRUN
WKHGHVLJQSKDVHODWHUEHFRPLQJ3URMHFW'LUHFWRU
Siegrid SideriusZRUNHGRQGD\OLJKWDQGOLJKWLQJGHVLJQ
Charles WalkerZDV/HDG6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHUGXULQJ
WKHGHVLJQSKDVHRIWKHSURMHFW
Project credits
&OLHQWFRQVRUWLXPProRail, Ministry of Infrastructure
& the Environment, the municipality of Arnhem
'HOHJDWHGSULQFLSDOProRail0DVWHUSODQSKDVH
$UFKLWHFWUNStudio6WUXFWXUDOFLYLOHQJLQHHULQJ
WUDQVSRUWSODQQLQJArup'HVLJQDQGVSHFLFDWLRQV
SKDVH6WUXFWXUDOHQJLQHHULQJArupSXEOLFWUDQVSRUW
DIWHUFXWWLQJXSWKHWRWDOGHVLJQLQWR WHUPLQDOVan der Werf & LankhorstEXVVWDWLRQFDU
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YHULHGZLWKDPRUHFRDUVHRYHUDOOPRGHO
20 The Arup Journal 1/2016
References SDUNRIFHVTXDUH0(3Arcadis)LUHVDIHW\DGMR
1
7:$7HUPLQDO1HZ<RUN'HVLJQHGE\(HUR Bouw BV3XEOLFWUDQVSRUWWHUPLQDOOLJKWLQJArup
3XEOLFVSDFHOLJKWLQJAtelier LEK:D\QGLQJBureau
6DDULQHQRSHQHG
Mijksenaar%XLOGLQJVSHFLFDWLRQVABT/DQGVFDSLQJ
2
6\GQH\2SHUD+RXVH'HVLJQHGE\-UQ8W]RQ GHVLJQBureau B+B stedebouw en landschapsarchitectuur
RSHQHG 3URMHFWPDQDJHPHQWWRGHQLWLYHGHVLJQArcadis
(QJLQHHULQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQRISHGHVWULDQWXQQHO0DLQ
FRQWUDFWRUBesix-Welling7HQGHULQJSKDVHFRQWUDFWRU
18.

Arcadis(QJLQHHULQJDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQSKDVH *HRPHWULFFRPSOH[VWDLUVOHDGLQJWR
3HGHVWULDQWXQQHODQGSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWWHUPLQDO0DLQ WKHXQGHUJURXQGELF\FOHSDUNLQJ
FRQWUDFWRUFRQVWUXFWLRQFRQVRUWLXPBAM Ballast 17. An aerial view of the station shows its
Arnhem Centrum VOF (BBB, BAM & Ballast Nedam); SUR[LPLW\WRWKHFLW\FHQWUHRI$UQKHP
0(3BAM Techniek, Unica Engineering and
FRQVWUXFWLRQSKDVH3XEOLFWUDQVSRUWWHUPLQDO0DLQ 7KHWUROOH\EXVVWDWLRQDGMDFHQWWRWKH
FRQWUDFWRUFRQVWUXFWLRQFRQVRUWLXPOV-Terminal transfer hall.
Arnhem (BCOVTA, BAM & Ballast Nedam)6WUXFWXUDO $VHHWKURXJKDORQJWKHIURQWWZLVWWR
HQJLQHHUBAM Advies & Engineering$%70(3BAM the roof.
Techniek, Unica6WUXFWXUDOHQJLQHHULQJOLJKWLQJ
FOLPDWHDQGVXVWDLQDELOLW\UHZLQGJHRWHFKQLFDOArup
Marcus Aberle, Sallam Abu Khalefa, Francis Archer,
Cecil Balmond, Johan Beudeker, Bart Blans, Sander
Boogers, Daniel Bosia, Jan Willem Breider, Jeroen
Coenders, Simone Collon, Verner Cutter, Henning
Czujack, Kayin Dawoodi, Marcel De Boer, Marco Del
Fedele, Jorn De Jong, Marck de Leuw, Philip Dilley,
Milu Evelina, Bert Fraza, Volker Hass, Sander Hofman,
Mark Huibers, David Irvine, David Johnston, Ger
Jonker, Philip Jordan, Karsten Jurkait, Gwenola
Kergall, Bob Kleuters, Ben Kreukniet, Joost Lauppe,
Rikje Maas, Rory McGowan, Kieran McKenna, Andrew
McNeil, Narjas Mehdi, Masato Minami, Jules Misere,
Pieter Moerland, Nadia Molenstra, Hamish Neville,
Simon Newby, Joop Paul, Shibo Ren, Anke Rolvink,
Chris Rooney, Nina Rutz, Iwona Semenowicz, Siegrid
Siderius, Mark Siezen, Simon Smaczny, Peter Speleers,

Sridevi Koonath Surendran, Patrick Teuffel, Deb
Thomas, Roel Van De Straat, Rogier Van Der Heide,
Lore van de Venne, Bastiaan van de Weerd, Wesley van Image credits
der Bent, Petra van der Ven, Imke van Mil, Michael van Hufton+CrowRoel van de
Telgen, Bob Venning, Claire Verani, Rob Verhaegh, Straat/Martin HallMartin Hall
Peter Vermeij, Adam Vojtek, Charles Walker, Martin Ronald Tilleman PhotographyArup.
Walton, Ian Wilson, John Wooter.

The Arup Journal 1/2016 21

Elizabeth Quay Pedestrian
and Cyclist Bridge, Australia
/RFDWLRQ
Perth, Australia
Authors
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Introduction
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GHYHORSPHQWLVJUDFHGE\DGLVWLQFWLYH
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designed to delight those who use it, the
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6ZDQ5LYHULWVFXUYDFHRXVIRUPYLVXDOO\
OLQNLQJFLW\DQGZDWHU
Arups design and engineering team
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and is a manifestation of the teams
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0XFKPRUHWKDQVLPSO\V\PEROLFKRZHYHU
the bridge holds together a waterfront
redevelopment that has transformed the
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EXV\SURPHQDGHOLQHGZLWKEDUVDQG
UHVWDXUDQWVDQGVHWWREHVXUURXQGHGE\D
YLEUDQWPL[RIRIFHVDSDUWPHQWVKRWHOVDQG
VKRSV7KHEULGJHSURPRWHVFRQWLQXRXV
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island in the river to the popular bridges
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HQMR\LQJVSHFWDFXODUYLHZVLQDOOGLUHFWLRQV

1.

22 The Arup Journal 1/2016

 Context
3HUWKVDWWUDFWLYH6ZDQ5LYHUZDWHUIURQW
developed into a promenade and leisure
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baths along the waters edge, it was a
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ZKHQ5LYHUVLGH'ULYHZDVEXLOWWKH
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parallel to the waterfront.

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adds a vibrant new destination for business,
shopping and leisure.
2.




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The Arup Journal 1/2016 23

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24 The Arup Journal 1/2016

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The Arup Journal 1/2016 25
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26 The Arup Journal 1/2016
SHARED GH CANVAS
(Architect / Engineer Data Exchange)
GLOBAL ANALYSIS
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of analytical wireframe
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FDUU\RXWFODVKGHWHFWLRQRIFULWLFDOPRGHO
parts. Extensive rebar modelling of the
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was undertaken to resolve and ensure
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15. 
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remediation.
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Lighting DWWKHDSH[WKLVRSWLPLVHGLOOXPLQDWLRQ OLJKWLQJVSHFLDOLVWV(OHFWUR/LJKW7KH
7KHLOOXPLQDWHGDUFKHVQHHGHGWREHFOHDUO\ SURYLGHGE\WKHGHFNXSOLJKWHUVWRPD[LPLVH lighting arrangement makes the entire bridge
visible from both sides of the Swan River, WKHYLVLELOLW\RIWKHDUFKHVLQDOOGLUHFWLRQV YLVLEOHIURPHYHU\DQJOH0DQ\GLIIHUHQW
IURPWKHFLW\DQGIURP6RXWK3HUWK7R 7KHXSOLJKWHUVOLQLQJWKHLQQHUHGJHVRI GHVLJQLQSXWVFDPHWRJHWKHUWRFUHDWHWKH
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The Arup Journal 1/2016 29


17.
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30 The Arup Journal 1/2016
possible through the use of shared
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Materials
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and the sometimes harsh Western Australian
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materials for the bridge that were relevant,
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The Jarrah wood that forms the bridge
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people using the bridge.
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stainless steel mesh balustrading will stand
the test of time and provides the desired
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stakeholders regarding the risks and
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Australian steel market offered both the best
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Fabrication
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Constructability
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around the bridge site to permit working
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Conclusion
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while ensuring the bridges visual appeal
was at the forefront of the design.
The use of shared modelling was pivotal to
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Authors
Alistair Avern-TaplinLV$UXSV3HUWKRIFH/HDGHU
Nick BirminghamZRUNHGZLWKWKHDUFKLWHFWXUDO
team based in London, where he was involved in
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+HLVDQ$VVRFLDWHDW$UXS$VVRFLDWHVEDVHGLQWKH
/RQGRQ2IFH
Stewart BuxtonZDVWKH/HDG6WUXFWXUDO(QJLQHHUDQG
3URMHFW0DQDJHUIRUWKHEULGJHDQGDOVRZRUNHGRQ
QXPHURXVRWKHUVPDOOSURMHFWVZLWKLQ(OL]DEHWK4XD\
+HLVDQ$VVRFLDWHLQ$UXSV3HUWKRIFH
Clayton Riddle was responsible for implementation of
GLJLWDOZRUNRZVDQGVWHHOZRUNGHVLJQ+HLVFXUUHQWO\
D6HQLRU(QJLQHHULQ$UXSV/RQGRQRIFH
Project credits
&OLHQWPerth Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority
(MRA)$UFKLWHFWArup Associates Managing
FRQWUDFWRUCPB (formerly Leighton) and Broad
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HQJLQHHULQJJHRWHFKQLFDOHQJLQHHULQJHOHFWULFDO
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was ever lifted free of the ground.
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WHPSRUDU\WUDFN7KLVFRQJXUDWLRQSURYLGHG
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WLPHVDQGWKLVSODQQLQJDOORZHGIRUWKHDUFK
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DVVHVVPHQWVDOVRHQDEOHGWKHDUFKHVWREH
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position.
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to have been involved in delivering the
bridge and being a part of the transformation
of Perths Swan River waterfront. It is an
LFRQLFSURMHFWWKDWZLOOIRUHYHUFKDQJHWKH
ZD\SHRSOHHQMR\RQHRIWKHFRXQWU\VPRVW
YLEUDQWDQGGLYHUVHFLWLHV
DQGUHVHDUFK$7 5ZLQGHQJLQHHULQJYLEUDWLRQ
HQJLQHHULQJDQGQDYDODUFKLWHFWXUHArup Andrew
Allsop, Alistair Avern-Taplin, Nick Birmingham, Peter
Burnton, Stewart Buxton, Efren Cerrero, Anthony
Ferrau, Anastasia Fragoulis, Kathy Franklin,
Ruby Heard, Milena Kovac, Mira Lee, Michael Lin,
Angus Low, Lewis MacDonald, Georgie Prie,
Anu Ramachandran, Clayton Riddle, Nic Scanlan,
Ed Spraggon, Julia Summers, Kai Tan, Jess Watts.
Image credits
Jacaranda Photography; 2, 17 Dion
PhotographyArup Associates
ArupArup Associates/ArupArup/
MRA/DASSH.
The Arup Journal 1/2016 31
The Ribbon Chapel, Japan
/RFDWLRQ
Hiroshima, Japan
1.
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overlooks the Inland Sea of Japan.
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32 The Arup Journal 1/2016
Author
Ikuhide Shibata
Introduction
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from an engineering viewpoint, one of the
most intriguing.
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-DSDQFRPSULVHVLQWHUOLQNHGVSLUDOVRIVWHHO
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marriage.
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to be unique.
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based on a spiralling ribbon, takes full
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for views of the sea through the trees.

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spring that twists and expands outwards,
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where the inner and outer spirals meet.
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an overhang of the spiral. It is believed to
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the world.

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The Arup Journal 1/2016 33

5.

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allows an overhang of the spirals. It is
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of its kind in the world.
34 The Arup Journal 1/2016
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regardless of the mass of the weight, the FPS
sets the period with the radius of the
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to restore.
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It was foreseen that when shoring was
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the amount of possible deformation
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designed to form a single uninterrupted free
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Ribbon Chapel the intertwining ribbon
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the eaves are lowered to provide shelter from
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patina over time. The narrow width of the
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of a single material. UHVLVWWKHVDOW\VHDDLU
The Arup Journal 1/2016 35
Air-conditioning, lighting and acoustics
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To resolve this problem, ingenious use was
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adopted around the perimeter zone to enable
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pure expression on the interior, interrupted
RQO\E\OLJKWLQJDQGVSHDNHUV

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VSLUDODQGWRFUHDWHDURPDQWLFDPELHQFH
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UHYHUEHUDWLRQWKDWZHUHVDWLVIDFWRU\WR
WKHFOLHQW Warm air ascends and escapes through the roof

Faade engineering
7KHZLQGRZVYDU\LQKHLJKWVKDSHDQG
WKLFNQHVVDQGHDFKMRLQWRIWKHLUJODVVSDQHV
YDULHVLQDQJOH,QDQWLFLSDWLRQRIDFHUWDLQ The spirals function as
GLVSODFHPHQWGXHWRWKHVHOIZHLJKWORDGWKH eaves to block out sunlight

JODVVSDQHVZHUHSURGXFHGE\PHDVXULQJWKH
DFWXDOVL]HRIDOORSHQLQJVIROORZLQJ Only lighting and loudspeakers
HUHFWLRQRIWKHVWHHOIUDPHVDQGSODFHPHQWRI are installed in the simple ceiling

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RIVXFKGLVSODFHPHQW7RSURWHFWWKHJODVV
SDQHVIURPWKHWKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOWRUTXHRI
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The blownout air meets
IURQWRIWKHULVHRIWKHZDWHUSURRIWLWDQLXP the set-back spirals which
]LQFDOOR\FRSLQJPDNLQJWKHPORZHU make the air circulate The tall ceiling space is
VDVKIUHH used for air-conditioning
within peoples range

$OWKRXJKWKHUHDUHRQO\WZREHDULQJSRLQWV
DWWKHWRSDQGERWWRPRIHDFKSDQHLQ 5$

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5$ 5$

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($

a higher load. This meant that the treatment 2$ 2$

of the lower sash, if adopted, would be

The air circulation is regulated
H[WUHPHO\FRPSOH[DVLWZRXOGKDYHWRERWK by the intake and outlet
air-conditioners located
Air outlet Air intake Air intake Air intake underneath the floor and it
Air-conditioner Air-conditioner is used as an underground
Underfloor suction chamber box suction chamber box


36 The Arup Journal 1/2016

15.
Conclusion
Arup developed innovative solutions to
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LQSDUWLFXODUDQXQXVXDOVWUXFWXUDOV\VWHP
WKDWLVEHOLHYHGWREHWKHRQO\RQHRILWVNLQG
LQWKHZRUOG7KH5LEERQ&KDSHOH[HPSOLHV
WKH$UXSFRQFHSWRIWRWDOGHVLJQFRPELQLQJ
DGXUDEOHVWUXFWXUDOV\VWHPZLWKVLPSOLHG
IDEULFDWLRQPHWKRGVIRUFRVWDQGWLPH
HIFLHQF\
,QUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKLVDFKLHYHPHQWWKH
SURMHFWKDVDOUHDG\UHFHLYHGWKH*UDQG

$ZDUGIURPWKH-DSDQ&RPPHUFLDO
Author
Ikuhide ShibataLVD6HQLRU$VVRFLDWH3URMHFW'LUHFWRU
and Leader of the building engineering team in the
7RN\RRIFH
Project credits
&OLHQWTsuneishi Holdings Corporation $UFKLWHFW
Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP Co Ltd6WUXFWXUDO
HQJLQHHULQJ0(3OLJKWLQJGHVLJQDFRXVWLF
FRQVXOWLQJArup Ikuhide Shibata, Junichiro Ito,
Kentaro Suga, Celso Soriano Junior, Chieri Iizuka,
Michael Whiteman.
Image credits
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(QYLURQPHQW'HVLJQ$VVRFLDWLRQWKH
ZLWKVWDQGVXFKORDGDQGDFFRPPRGDWHWKH 2XWVWDQGLQJ$FKLHYHPHQW$ZDUGIURPWKH
ZDWHUSURRQJRIFXUYHGRSHQLQJV7KH -DSDQHVH6RFLHW\RI6WHHO&RQVWUXFWLRQ /LJKWVDUHVWUDWHJLFDOO\SODFHGZLWKLQWKH
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FRQFHDOLQJVXFK[WXUHVDVZHOODVDFKLHYLQJ
FRPSOHWHZDWHUVHDOLQJRIWKHFXUYHG
openings.
$WWKHYHU\WRSRIWKHEXLOGLQJLVDVN\OLJKW
ZKHUHWKHULEERQVFRQYHUJHWKDWOHWVOLJKW
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international basis, and Ikuhide Shibata, who
designed the solution for Arup, won the
-DSDQ6WUXFWXUDO'HVLJQ$ZDUG
FRQYHUJHIXQQHOVGD\OLJKWLQWRWKHFKDSHO
below.
8VLQJDQXQGHURRUSLWDVSDUWRIWKH
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XQXVXDOVSDFHZLWKLQWKHFKDSHOXQREWUXVLYHO\
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WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDOWRUTXHRIWKHVWUXFWXUH
during earthquakes and strong wind.
The Arup Journal 1/2016 37
Curtis Island LNG Jetties, Australia
/RFDWLRQ Authors
Queensland, Australia Matt Hodder Jesper Jensen Peter Kastrup

1.

1. Overview of the Curtis Island Introduction 7KHVWUDWHJ\WKDWXQGHUSLQQHGWKH028OHG

/1*SODQWV *URZLQJGHPDQGIRUHQHUJ\LQ6RXWK(DVW WRWKHDZDUGRIWKH&XUWLV,VODQG/1*-HWWLHV
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in the region.
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-HWW\RQ-DQXDU\
The project
-+*HQWHUHGLQWRD0HPRUDQGXPRI On the southwestern shoreline of Curtis
8QGHUVWDQGLQJ028LQWR ,VODQGWKHUHDUHWKUHH/1*SODQWV
FROODERUDWLYHO\WHQGHUIRUDQGGHOLYHU/1* 4XHHQVODQG&XUWLV/1*4&/1*6DQWRV
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seaboard. The intention was to provide all $3/1*DOORIZKLFKDUHDFFHVVLEOHRQO\
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38 The Arup Journal 1/2016

SDUWQHUVDFURVVWKHWKUHHSURMHFWVEHLQJ
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' &FROODERUDWLRQIRUWKHSHUPDQHQWZRUNV
design. Arup also provided engineering
expertise and design support during
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the design intent.
2.
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permanent works design.

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and transparent reporting throughout
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The Arup Journal 1/2016 39

 The team managed design work both from
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when required.

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Concept considerations
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were imperative to developing the optimum
solution.

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5.
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lateral loads.

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raking piles for the ease of installation and

40 The Arup Journal 1/2016


8.
Item Advantages
RC Can be constructed in stages to satisfy the maximum
superstructure crane lift capacity.
Ability to accommodate pile installation out of
tolerances.
Standard formwork allows quick installation of form
base and reinforcement xing.
Permanent precast formwork saves on temporary
works, onsite steel xing, and removal of formwork.
Precast fabricated in a controlled environment, which
gives opportunity for improved appearance. Where
marine grade precast concrete is used for the critical
exposed sides and soft, it may be possible to use
in-situ concrete with lower durability and strength.
Increased control of material quality with steel truss
typically fabricated offsite in a controlled environment.
Steel Prefabrication can reduce in-situ labour and
superstructure construction time signicantly.
Disadvantages
Availability of quality concrete and restrictions on concrete delivery
to offshore location.
Heat of hydration concerns with large concrete pours.
Labour intensive. Practical issues when form is within tidal zone.
Setting out cast-in items is a challenge.
Staged pours may be required. Preparing the horizontal
construction joint can be challenging.
Consideration should be given to tidal variations in relation to the
temporary support scheme.
In-situ welding is likely to be required for connection to piles or a
sleeved option may be preferred. Difcult to install with raked piles
incl. sleeved option.
Reduced ability to accommodate piles installed out of tolerances.
WUDQVIHUWKHGHVLJQIRUFHVWRWKHJURXQG
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steel liner had to be developed. To transfer
WKHIRUFHVIURPURFNVRFNHWWROLQHU$UXS
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not protruding past the pile shoe to mitigate
risk of damage during pile driving. In turn,
WKLVGHWDLOOHGWRUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUFOHDQLQJRI
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Trestle
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works design.
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transported from land to the traveller using a
If no design corrosion allowance, full steel section can
be utilised for structural capacity.

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A traveller was used to install the trestle
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Potential vortex-induced vibrations during transportation may be
governing.
Superstructure selection comparison
Assessing the advantages and disadvantages
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involved weighing up a whole host of
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table above.
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purpose.
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the slot in the pile, design loadings, and
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risk of downtime due to wind, waves, tides
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The Arup Journal 1/2016 41

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the traveller.
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works members.
42 The Arup Journal 1/2016
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platform.
11. Curing.
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fenders, mooring hooks and internal FDJHH[WHQGHGIXOO\LQWRWKHSLOHFDSDQGKDG
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WRDYRLGWKHQHHGIRUWHPSRUDU\IRUPZRUN works supports.
QCLNG dolphins RYHUWKHZDWHUWHPSRUDU\VXSSRUWVWRWKH
For the berthing dolphins, the pile extends piles in the tidal zone were required to -+*DOVRXVHGHDUO\LQVWDOODWLRQRIZDONZD\V
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penetration butt welds onto the pile at the
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Also, instead of traditional round
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summer months.
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to the other jetties.
The Arup Journal 1/2016 43
17. 18.

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methods applied to guardrails, dolphins and
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plant, while detailed planning of the
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developed to optimise the design and
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44 The Arup Journal 1/2016

21.
Conclusion
'XHWRWKHVWUXFWXUHRIWKH&&$
the programme of work allowed for
implementation of lessons learned as
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operational.
Authors
Matt Hodder6HQLRU(QJLQHHU'ROSKLQVDQG:DONZD\V
'HVLJQ-esper Jensen6HQLRU(QJLQHHU'ROSKLQVDQG
:DONZD\V'HVLJQPeter Kastrup, Senior Engineer,
'ROSKLQVDQG:DONZD\V'HVLJQ
Project credits
John Holland Group, Bechtel, QCLNG, GLNG, and
$XVWUDOLD3DFLF/1*$UXS=XOTDU$KPHG0DULORX Lloyd Twomey, Andrew Turnbull, Nathan Walding,
Alzate, Ravi Anegondy, Davar Abi-Zadeh, Manoj
Aravind, Craig Baas, Andrew Batts, Michael Bieganski,
Duggan, Peter Dunn, Roy Everett, Jared Fetherston,
Silvia Ferrero, Anthony Folan, Owen Francis, Stephen
Fraser, Jon Gerig, Chris Gildersleeve, Marcin Glowacz,
Matthew Gordon, Adrian Goh, Steve Grigg, Andrew
Grime, Catriona Gurney, Andrew Herriman, Claire
Heumann, Glyn Hickling, Patrick Hinde, Matt Hodder,
Andy Horton, Min Huang, Wendy Humboldt, Austin
Inglis, Peter Ingvorsen, Emilia Ismail, Greg James,
Piers James, Jesper Jensen, Robert Jones, Peter
Kastrup, Michael Kelleher, Micheal Killeen, Ben
Kirkwood, Nick Knook, Mathias Kuhn, Wilson Lam,
Kaitlin Langdon, Simon Larsen, Bob Lea, Peter Lees,
David Lewin, Bogumil Lipiecki, Brian Lord, Leon
Lorenti, Josephine Luarez, Gary Lucas, Jing Lucena,
Chris Lyons, Lewis Macdonald, Sarah Madrigal,
Rowena Mangilit, Dorothy Mao, David Marshall, Olan
Masula, George McCarthy, Colm Mckenna, Ian
Mcrobbie, Dara McDonnell, Keith McSweeney, Robert
Meyer, Russell Millard, Lloyd Millenstead, James
Mortensen, Tobias Motz, Lisa Naylor, Jay Noonan,
Joanna OBrien, Liam ODonohue, Eoin ODonovan,
James ODwyer, Claire OHara, Karen Oj, Eoin 22.
OMalley, Jasvinder Opkar, Bernard OShea, Robert
Ou, Carla Poulson, Nadine Radburnd, Hamed Rahimi,
+DVQDW5DKPDQ$QGUHZ5LFKDUGVRQ$QWRQ\6FKRHOG
Rohitesh Reddy, Sangeri Retnam, Nathan Roberts,
Sarah Robinson, Peter Rooks, Iemke Roos, Rob Ryan,
Horacio Salerno, Joel Savage, Joao Sela, Robyn Shaw,
David Skinner, Mark Skinner, Emma Steer, Massimo
Silvestri, Mike Straughton, Astrid Stuer, Jeremy Sue, :DONZD\V
Julia Summers, Amir Tabei, Kai Tan, Edmond Tang, 6RXWKVLGHRYHUYLHZ
Tom Tang, Yan Tsang, Luke Tarasuik, Adeline Teo, Jakki 1RUWKVLGHRYHUYLHZ
Thompson, Tim Thompson, Ally Thomson, Kieran Toon,
%HUWKLQJGROSKLQRQ$3/1*MHWW\
Jordan Wan, Michael Ward, Chris Webb, David 0HWKDQH5LWD$QGUHD/1*
Whitaker, Emily Whitehill, Craig Wiggins, Lukasz YHVVHODWWKH4&/1*EHUWKUVWYHVVHO
Roger Blackwell, Kelvin Bong, Paul Brady, Peter
Burnton, Stewart Buxton, Christophe Bragard, Mark
Brand, Ger Breen, John Cain, Cossel Chang, June
Chen, Jason Chin, Katie Cook, Steven Cook, Shane
Collins, Tom Crocker, Wilma Cruz, David Dack, Ian
Darlington, Joseph Donohue, Jochem Dorst, Peter
Wojnarski, Michael Wong, Alastair Woodland, Eddie WRVKLSJDVIURP&XUWLV,VODQG
Woods, Lawrence Wu, Pete Zbrojkiewicz.
Image credits
Arup.

The Arup Journal 1/2016 45

CapitaGreen, Singapore
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1.

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7KHJUHHQHU\WKDWLVYLVLEOHDFURVVWKH Project overview
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wanted the design and engineering of
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an urban setting. From the initial design
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surrounding built environment. The tower is
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LQ$VLDDQG$XVWUDODVLDE\WKHJOREDO DZLQGVFRRSZKLOHWKHLQQRYDWLYHJUHHQ

46 The Arup Journal 1/2016

 Wind scoops
channel cool
air into the
buildings core

Sky forest creates a

cooler microclimate
at the roof deck

Urban faade
reduces high
wind velocities at
occupant level

Double-skin faade
system reduces
solar heat gain
while providing
uninterrupted views

Sky terraces provide

extra amenity and
local greenery

2. Green faade lowers

surface temperatures
and diffuses sunlight

Cool void brings fresh

outdoor air into the
office floors

2. 

faade represents a genuine breakthrough in Arups role &%'ZKLOHRRGLQJWKHEXLOGLQJZLWK

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them within the double skin. This offers
the potential for solar shade and even
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Chin, provided environmental and faade
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designed for business.
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windows, for example, provide uninterrupted
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noise from the street outside. What is less
obvious is the ingenious integration of the
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features Arup worked on designing for this
unusual building.

The Arup Journal 1/2016 47



Cool void ventilation
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three levels. For those who use the building,
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building in elevators and, at the same time,
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air, so that the whole building operates a
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that adjust indoor temperatures to suit the
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Cut heat gain
Diffused lighting
1800mm
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Protection
from wind
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heat gain.
Acoustic design
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48 The Arup Journal 1/2016
the building looks like glass, the perimeter
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The Arup Journal 1/2016 49

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50 The Arup Journal 1/2016
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the buildings environmental footprint.
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the integration of adaptive strategies into our
engineering design has resulted in an
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Michael ChinDQ$VVRFLDWH3ULQFLSDOLQWKH6LQJDSRUH
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engineering design team.
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Xu JingfengLVDQ$VVRFLDWH3ULQFLSDOLQWKH6LQJDSRUH
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Project credits
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Commercial Trust and Mitsubishi Estate Asia$UFKLWHFW
Toyo Ito & Associates0DLQFRQWUDFWRUTakenaka
Corporation$FRXVWLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOO\VXVWDLQDEOH
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GHVLJQArup Wei Cheng, Michael Chin, Majal Dag,
Lauren Davis, Gino De Castro, Steve Drane, Xu
Jingfeng, Kate Meyer, Chiam Ming Lee, Scott Munro,
Jason Nutter, Samantha Peart, Teri Tan, Jocelyn Tay,
Kai Ling Tho, Peter Tomlinson, Paul Sloman, Dino Van
Deijzen, Alex Wong, Wu Xuchao, Derrick Yap.
Image credits
CapitaLand, Arup.
 

The Arup Journal 1/2016 51


About Arup
Arup is a global organisation of designers,
engineers, planners and business consultants,
founded in 1946 by Sir Ove Arup (1895
1988). It has a constantly evolving skills
base, and works with local and international
clients around the world.
Arup is owned by trusts established for
the benefit of its staff and for charitable
purposes, with no external shareholders.
This ownership structure, together with the
core values set down by Sir Ove Arup,
are fundamental to the way the firm is
organised and operates.
Independence enables Arup to:
shape its own direction and take a long-
term view, unhampered by short-term
pressures from external shareholders
distribute its profits through reinvestment
in learning, research and development to
staff through a global profit-sharing
scheme, and by donation to charitable
organisations.
We shape a better world | www.arup.com
Arups core values drive a strong culture
of sharing and collaboration.
All this results in:
a dynamic working environment that
inspires creativity and innovation
a commitment to the environment and the
communities where we work that defines
our approach to work, to clients and
collaborators, and to our own members
robust professional and personal networks
that are reinforced by positive policies on
equality, fairness, staff mobility and
knowledge sharing
the ability to grow organically by attracting
and retaining the best and brightest
individuals from around the world and
from a broad range of cultures who share
those core values and beliefs in social
usefulness, sustainable development and
excellence in the quality of our work.
With this combination of global reach and a
collaborative approach that is values-driven,
Arup is uniquely positioned to fulfil its aim
to shape a better world.
The Arup Journal
Printed by Pureprint Group using
its
environmental print
technology. The printing inks are
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no harmful industrial alcohol is used
in the printing process with 98% of
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Pureprint Group is a CarbonNeutral
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and Audit Scheme.
The Arup Journal
Vol51 No1 (1/2016)
Editor: Angela Swann
Designer: Martin Hall
Editorial: Tel: +44 (0)20 7755 4838
email: arup.journal@arup.com
Published by Global Marketing
and Communications,
Arup, 13 Fitzroy Street,
London W1T 4BQ, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)20 7636 1531
Fax: +44 (0)20 7580 3924
All articles Arup 2016
Issue 1 2016