LYNDON LEOVIC L.

ANCAJAS, RN
Local DRRM Officer II
Training Director
 Based on the World Risk Index 2012, the Philippines is
third among 173 countries that is most vulnerable to
disaster risks and natural hazards (Official Gazette
www.gov.ph)
Geographical location of our country; it is part of the
Pacific Ring of Fire resulting to almost 5-7 earthquakes
everyday; the Philippines is also part of the Pacific
Typhoon Belt where we can expect an average of 20
tropical cyclones in a year
Our exposure to different types of natural hazards like
flooding, landslides and severe weather disturbances like
El Nio and La Nia phenomena
Poverty also increases the disaster risk when people
expose themselves to disaster prone areas and other
human-induced disasters like fire and conflagrations
 An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management System, Providing for the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating
Funds and therefore for other purposes
It replaces Presidential Decree 1566 which is more
focused on a REACTIVE approach to Disaster
Management
The new law, RA 10121, which was signed by Pres.
Macapagal - Arroyo on May 27, 2010, now focuses on a
PROACTIVE approach to Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
 Integration of DRR Education in school curricula at the secondary
and tertiary levels, NSTP, Sangguniang Kabataan; Mandatory
Training in DRR for Public Sector Employees including formal and
non-formal, vocational, indigenous learning and out of school
youth courses and programs. (RA 10121 Sec. 13)
A weak to violent shaking of the
ground produced by the sudden
movement of rock materials
below the earths surface.
Ms 7.9
North Luzon Ms 7.8 Earthquake
 May 17, 1992
5:49PM Ms 7.1
Bunga, Manay: 12 stilt houses were destroyed by a
6m high tsunami. At least 3 tsunami waves were
observed in quick succession.
Ms 7.0
 February 6, 2012
Negros Ms 6.9 Earthquake
 October 15, 2013 Loay
Bohol Ms 7.2 Earthquake
Surface rupture in Inabanga
Coastal uplift in Loon
 Types of Natural Earthquakes
TECTONIC VOLCANIC

Produced by sudden Produced by movement of

movement along faults and magma beneath volcanoes
plate boundaries
 LEONARD KNIASEFF VOLCANO
New Leyte, Maco,
PHYSICAL FEATURES Compostela Valley
Elevation (km): 0.2
Base Diameter (km): 17
Type of Volcano: Stratovolcano
Hotsprings: Amacan Thermal Area
(5 aerial km SSW
of Lake Leonard)
The Amacan Thermal Area lies at an elevation
1200 meters above sea level. Thermal activity is
manifested through hot water pools, seepages, Age of Deposits: 1,800 Bp (14C), 10 Ma (K-Ar)

steam vents and hot grounds which are speckled

with sulfur sublimate deposit. Water
temperatures measured at seepages and steam
vents ranges from 88.4 to 88.6 C. A 20-meter
wide hot water is located at the eastern side of
the thermal area and characterized by mild
bubbling at its mid-section. The water
temperature and pH of the pool was measured
at 43 degrees C and 3.0, respectively.

(Data from 1995 emergency investigation)

Two ways of describing the strength of an EARTHQUAKE

1. INTENSITY
perceived strength of an
earthquake based on
relative effect to people
and structures; generally
higher near the epicenter

2. MAGNITUDE
based on instrumentally derived
information and correlates strength
with the amount of total energy
released at the earthquakes
point of origin
Destructive Earthquakes in the PHILIPPINES
M7.2 June 21, 1893 Monkayo, ComVal
M8.3 April 15, 1924 Gov. Generoso, DavOr
M8.3 July 02, 1954 Bacon, Sorsogon (13/101)
M7.5 April 01, 1955 Lanao (291/713)
M7.3 August 02, 1968 Casiguran (270/600)
M7.3 April 07, 1970 Baler (15/200)
M7.9 August 17, 1976 Moro Gulf (3,739/8,000)
M7.8 July 16, 1990 Luzon (1,283/2,786)
M7.0 November 15, 1994 Mindoro (>100)
M6.9 February 06, 2012 Negros (42)
M7.2 October 15, 2013 Bohol (248+)
Seismic Hazards
Ground Shaking
Ground Rupture
Ground Failure
Liquefaction
Landslides
Fire
Tsunami
Ground
Rupture

sides
moving in opposite directions
LIQUEFACTION - a process that transforms the
behavior of a body of sediment from that of a solid
to that of a liquid during a strong earthquake
is a process where particles of loosely consolidated
and water-saturated deposits are rearranged into
more compact state, squeezing water and sediments
towards the surface in the form of sand fountain and
creating a condition resembling quick sand.
TSUNAMI
 Giant sea waves due to large-scale
displacement of the sea floor.

Large magnitude off-shore earthquakes

Coastal and underwater landslides
Coastal and underwater volcanic eruptions
Meteor impacts
 How are tsunamis generated?
Tsunamis are commonly generated by a large scale
vertical displacement of the ocean floor due to a high
magnitude off-shore earthquake.
 Natural Signs of an
Approaching Tsunami
 Natural Signs of an
Approaching Tsunami
 Natural Signs of an
Approaching Tsunami

Described by tsunami witnesses as:

Distinct roaring sound, strange unusual strong sound (e.g. sucking
sounds), rumblings of many trucks or jet-like or gush of strong rain
If there are signs of an approaching tsunami, immediately proceed to
the nearest high ground, either a tall hill or a tall , sturdy building.
Follow the tsunami evacuation signs in your community
towards designated tsunami evacuation areas.
 2 TYPES OF TSUNAMI
Type Source Lead time Warning mechanism in
earthquake to place
tsunami
LOCAL trench or fault 4 20 Being established
in Philippine minutes
must rely on natural signs such
region, usually as moderate to intense
less than 200 shaking in coastal area,
km from unusual water level rise or fall

shoreline
FAR- trench or fault 1 24 International Centers*
FIELD outside the hours PHIVOLCS
Regional Philippine NDRRMC
or Trans- region
Pacific (ex. Japan, *Pacific Tsunami Warning
Hawaii, Chile) Center, NW Pacific Tsunami
Information Center)
 TSUNAMI FACTS

FOR LOCAL TSUNAMI

A moderate or very strong
earthquake in a coastal area
is a natural tsunami warning.
Do not stay in low-lying coastal
areas after a strong earthquake.

A tsunami may sometimes be

preceded by an unusual rise or
fall of coastal water. This is
nature's tsunami warning and
should be heeded.
 (M7.9, < 33 km)

First waves reported within 2-5 minutes

of the main shock
Series of waves (~3- 7 waves reported),
1-5 minutes apart
A magnitude 8 earthquake can
generate a tsunami that can
reach Davao City in 20 minutes.
When you hear that a very large earthquake has
occurred, stand by for a tsunami warning.

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (and PHIVOLCS)

does not issue false alarms. When a Warning is
issued, a tsunami exists.

A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves.

Stay out of danger areas until an "all-clear" is issued
by competent authority.
Tsunami simulation of 1700 Cascadia Earthquake
December 26, 2004 M9.0 Indian Ocean Tsunami
 Be familiar with the dangerous spots inside
offices/rooms.
Be careful with things which may harm
people during earthquake. It is better to fix
as early as possible the faulty electrical
wiring, leaky gas connection, and fasten
shelves.
Identify safe places indoors and outdoors.
 911
Educate everyone about emergency
contacts.
Prepare a stock of emergency
supplies. A stock of food, water,
medicines, flashlights, and batteries
can help you to survive the tremor.
Make an evacuation and reunion
plan. It is possible that everyone
may be separated from each other
during an earthquake so it is
advisable to have a reuniting plan
like meeting in a certain place after
the disaster.
 Observe hazardous
areas/practices
Suggest solutions GOOD PRACTICE: Open
Observe good practices spaces / areas for evacuation

Cantilevered roofs , flower pots that

Bad practice: Locked fire escapes.. may fall, etc
The Earthquake Evacuation Area for buildings
should have provision to utilize all available open
spaces nearest the building.

vacant lot / open parking area / park / playground

Safe from falling debris and
other earthquake related hazards.
Determine the flow of traffic from each building.

One way traffic: persons

shall walk in one direction
 If inside a structurally strong building, seek shelter and protect
yourself from falling debris by performing Drop, Cover and Hold
If outside, perform Crouch and Tuck Head in open areas or away
from tall objects or places where falling debris might cause harm
 Once the earthquake is over, listen
to battery-operated radio or
television for updates of aftershock.
Stay away from damaged area.
Stay away from the beach if living in
a coastal area.
Be aware of possible tsunamis.
Landslides are also possible for
mountainous areas as well as the
ground rupture for areas along
active fault lines which causes the
ground to break.
Damaged parts of
building

Damaged utilities

Fires

School/office records
or security logbook
 Safety tips for specific locations during an earthquake:
If you're on a SIDEWALK NEAR BUILDINGS, duck into
a doorway to protect yourself from falling bricks, glass,
plaster, and other debris.
 Safety tips for specific locations during an earthquake:
If you're OUTDOORS, move to a clear area away from
trees, signs, buildings, electrical wires, and poles.
 Safety tips for specific locations during an earthquake:
If you're in a CROWDED STORE OR OTHER PUBLIC
PLACE, do not rush for exits. Move away from display
shelves containing objects that could fall.
 Safety tips for specific locations during an earthquake:
If you're DRIVING, pull over to the side of the road and
stop. Avoid overpasses, power lines, and other
hazards. Stay inside the vehicle until the shaking is
over.
 Safety tips for specific locations during an earthquake:
If you're in a CHURCH OR THEATER, stay in your seat
and protect your head with your arms. Do not try to
leave until the shaking is over, then leave in a calm,
orderly manner. Avoid rushing toward exits.
 Safety tips for specific locations during an earthquake:
If you're in the KITCHEN, move away from the
refrigerator, stove, and overhead cupboards. (Take time
NOW to anchor appliances, and install security latches
on cupboard doors to reduce hazards.)
 If trapped under debris, cover your mouth with
handkerchief.
Create noises by tapping pipes or walls for rescuers to
locate you. Do not shout. It is just a last option
because it may cause you to inhale dangerous amount
of dust.


a disaster control group or reaction team

organized in schools, offices and
establishments that is tasked to implement
pre, actual and post disaster-related
activities.
 An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management System, Providing for the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating
Funds and therefore for other purposes
It replaces Presidential Decree 1566 which is more focused
on a REACTIVE approach to Disaster Management
The new law, RA 10121, which was signed by Pres.
Macapagal - Arroyo on May 27, 2010, now focuses on a
PROACTIVE approach to Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
Section 12. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(LDRRMO).

Sec12 (b) The LDRRMO shall be under the office of the governor,
city or municipal mayor, and the punong barangay in case of the
BDRRMC. The LDRRMOs and the BDRRMCs shall organize, train
and directly supervise the local emergency response teams and
the ACDVs.

Sec12 (c) The provincial, city and municipal DRRMOs or BDRRMCs

shall perform the following functions with impartiality given the
emerging challenges brought by disasters of our times:

Sec12 (c) (15) Organize, train, equip and supervise the local
emergency response teams and the ACDVs


 TEAM LEADER

ASST. TEAM LEADER

FIRE INFORMATION/ RESCUE/ SECURITY/ EVACUATION/ DAMAGE

FIGHTING WARNING FIRST AID TRAFFIC TRANSPORT CONTROL/
SALVAGE
Group Leader: Group Leader: Group Leader: Group Leader: Group Leader: Group Leader:
Asst. Group Asst. Group Asst. Group Asst. Group Asst. Group Asst. Group
Leader: Leader: Leader: Leader: Leader: Leader:
Members: Members: Members: Members: Members: Members:
1.1 Spearheads planning and implementing
disaster-related activities.

1.2 Directs/coordinates DAT operations in times

of emergency.

1.3 Acts as liaison officer of the office in coordinating

with the appropriate agencies re the conduct of pre-
disaster activities (e.g. orientations, symposia,
trainings, drills, etc.) to enhance personnel
capability in reacting to emergencies.
1.4 Conducts periodic inspections of the office and
its premises and recommends to management
suitable action to identified hazard spots.

1.5 Reports to management the activities/operations

of the DAT.
2.1 Assists the Team Leader in planning
and implementing disaster-related
activities.

2.2 Assumes the functions and

responsibilities of the Team Leader
in the latters absence.

2.3 Performs such other functions as

directed.
3.1 Takes charge in suppressing/fighting fire until
the arrival of BFP and other fighters.

3.2 Ensures availability of firefighting tools and

equipment.

3.3 Sees to it that the fire extinguishers of the office

are usable, inspected regularly, refilled and well
maintained.

3.4 Coordinates with the appropriate agencies with

regards to the holding of fire and evacuation drills.
4.1 Activates the warning system and calls the
appropriate agencies for assistance
whenever emergency strikes.
4.2 Ensures that all occupants/personnel of the
office understand warning signals that may take
the form of siren, whistle, buzzer, bell ringing, etc.
4.3 Maintains inventory of personnel, their addresses,
contact numbers and other information for
immediate reference.
4.4 Posts near telephone units phone numbers of fire
and police departments, rescue groups, public and
private hospitals for easy contact.
5.1 Extricates persons who get trapped or injured
during emergencies and administers the
necessary first aid care.

5.2 Ensures that the office is cleared of casualties

during actual emergencies.

5.3 Sees to it that first aid kits are stationed in strategic

places and ready for use at all times.

5.4 Participates in first aid and rescue trainings to

enhance knowledge and skills in responding to
emergencies.
6.1 Secures all entrances and exits and allows only
authorized persons to enter office premises in
times of emergency.

6.2 Ensures the safety of employees/workers,

documents, equipment and other properties
from undesirable elements.

6.4 Maintains easy flow of traffic to facilitate

smooth operations during emergencies.

6.3 Coordinates with law enforcers on security/

traffic matters.
7.1 Identifies and designates primary and alternate
evacuation areas.
7.2 Ensures the safe and orderly movement of
personnel/occupants from the office to the
designated evacuation area.
7.3 Ensures ready availability of vehicles and facilitates
transport of injured victims to the nearest hospital or
medical facility.
7.4 Coordinates with appropriate agencies for vehicle
support in the event of actual emergencies.
8.1 Takes charge in the evacuation/salvaging of all
equipment, documents and other properties
of the office during emergencies.

8.2 Sees to it that the offices equipment, documents

and other properties are properly tagged with
identification labels according to evacuation
priority.

Example: Priority No. 1 RED LABEL

Priority No. 2 YELLOW LABEL
Priority No. 3 WHITE LABEL
8.3 Ensures that all electrical lights, fans and
air conditioning facilities are put off before the
office is vacated.

8.4 Reconnoiters the office building/s right after an

emergency to check for situations/conditions
that require immediate action.

8.5 Restores the office and its premises after the

occurrence of an emergency.
 An Act strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management System, Providing for the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework and Institutionalizing the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan,
Appropriating Funds and therefore for other purposes
It replaces Presidential Decree 1566 which is more
focused on a REACTIVE approach to Disaster
Management
The new law, RA 10121, which was signed by Pres.
Macapagal - Arroyo on May 27, 2010, now focuses on
a PROACTIVE approach to Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management
Rule No. 6 - Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(LDRRMO)

Section 7 of Rule No. 6: Information and Public Awareness on

Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risks Each LGU shall provide an area
within its jurisdiction where hazard maps and contingency plans for
major threats are prominently displayed. In addition, information
shall also be disseminated through the internet and printed materials
such as newsletters, brochures and pamphlets.

Public awareness shall also be undertaken through the conduct of

drills by the LDRRMO on a regular basis.
DAT Organization/Safety Committee

Evacuation Plan of the Establishment

Drill Scenario and Mechanics

 Why do we still need to prepare an Earthquake Evacuation Plan ?
FIRE
Concentrated in one area of the
building.
Immediate response is to evacuate
people and put out fire.
Immediate outside help will arrive
definitely at the soonest time.
Building occupants can be evacuated in
any place outside the building away
from fire.
No aftershock to deal with.
EARTHQUAKE
Affects the whole building and nearby
areas.
Immediate response is to Duck, Cover
and Hold during an earthquake, and to
evacuate if necessary.
Immediate outside help is not a
guarantee.
Area for evacuation after the event is
limited only to an open area which is
safe from falling debris and other
earthquake related hazard.
Aftershocks will be another concern.
 OBJECTIVES
A. General
To ensure the safety of the employees/occupants
during and after a damaging earthquake;

To help the Disaster Action Team (DAT) of the

office to design a specific response plan for
earthquakes;

To train the employees/occupants on how to

practice proper actions and response during
earthquakes; and

To test various elements of the response plan

designed by the establishments Disaster Action
Team (DAT).
 OBJECTIVES
B. Specific
To be able to execute the earthquake drill in
accordance with the plan/drill scenario and mechanics;
To be able to depict the proper actions and responses
required of drill participants such as:
Seeking shelter and protecting selves
Doing the duck, cover and hold and the
crouch and tuck head techniques
Evacuating employing buddy-buddy system
and walking faster than normal
Head counting and checking of bodies for
sustained injuries
Reporting to the DAT Team Leader by
department/ division/section

 In reaction to the earthquake
occurrence, the office must effect
its Earthquake Emergency
Procedures and activate its
Disaster Action Team (DAT) to
ensure a safe and orderly
evacuation in order to prevent loss
of lives and injuries to its
employees/ occupants.
 30-second alarm
Signals the occurrence of the main quake
(start of the drill)
All employees / occupants to seek shelter
and protect themselves wherever they are
situated
Employees/occupants to perform duck,
cover and hold under desks, tables and
chairs and remain in such position until the
shaking stops.
 20-second lull period

Evacuation of occupants from the buildings to the

designated evacuation/assembly areas using pre-
determined routes

Office DAT to effect a fast but safe and orderly

evacuation :

Evacuation of occupants must be

buddy-buddy system
occupants should not run, shout, push or walk
casually
They should walk faster than normal
Occupants must utilize the shortest but
safest route to the evacuation/assembly area
 All areas searched and all people are
accounted for;
Evacuation routes and reception areas
checked out;
Determination made that evacuation is
definitely indicated;
Evacuation instructions developed and
communicated;
All able-bodied occupants, staff and
visitors are evacuated;
All differently-abled occupants, staff and
visitors are helped by someone.
 15-second alarm

Signals the occurrence of an aftershock

Occupants still in the process of
evacuating (in corridors or outside the
building but not yet in open spaces), to
crouch and tuck heads
 The evacuation process must be COMPLETED.

Occupants must assemble at the designated

evacuation areas by section/unit.

At the evacuation/assembly areas, all occupants must

check themselves for any sustained injuries.

Section/Unit Heads must check and ensure that all

occupants are accounted for and must report to the
DAT Team Leader. Any knowledge of somebody
missing must be immediately reported to the office
DAT.
 Account for everyone
Report roll call results
Determine who is in
most need of medical aid
Communicate first aid
and rescue needs
internal/external medical
teams and rescue crews.
 Checking the safety of the
building

Reporting all findings

Liaison with outside

responding agencies
(The giving of the ALL CLEAR SIGNAL by
the DAT Team Leader signifies the
termination of the Earthquake Drill)

- Occupants shall return to the buildings only after

the All Clear Signal is given by the DAT Team
Leader
Behavior of
participants

Number of safe spots

Emergency kit

Evacuation route
ANY QUESTIONS?
Are you prepared for this?
Or this?
How about this?
 When to prepare?
The best time to prepare is as early as right
NOW!!!
Failing to prepare is like preparing to fail
Benjamin Franklin
The best time to prepare for war is during
peace times Julius Caesar
Safer, Adaptive and Disaster resilient Davao City
communities towards sustainable development
You can contact us at:

295-2387, 296-9626, 285-8984, 327-0584

09175369345 (Globe)
Radio Frequency 154.400mHz APO BASE

You can email us at drrmodvocity@ymail.com

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