Module1:
A. NumericalProblemswithhints:
Q1. A parent nucleus with radius R is broken into three equal size
daughter nuclei. What is the ratio of volume of parent to one of the
daughters? Assume that all nuclei are perfectly spherical.
Hint. Determine atomic mass of O16 and use the formula for packing
fraction.
explodebycoulombrepulsion,why?
2. Whyhighlymassivenucleihaveanaturaltendencytobreak?
3. Whichphysicalquantitydeterminestheshapeofthenuclei?
4. WhyathigherandlowerAvaluesB.E./Adoesnotremainconstant?
5. WhyQuantummechanicsismusttounderstandthepropertiesofthe
nucleus?
6. Whyasymmetryenergytermcomesinbindingenergyformula?
7. Howdoyoudefineisobar?Howdoyouselectmoststableisobarinan
oddisobaricfamily?
8. WhatisthevalueofQ+?
9. Whataremagicnumbers?Whichmodelexplainsthesenumbers?
model?
TutorialSections
Module 2
m2t1.1 In a tandem Van de Graaff generator a C ion coming from the ion
source is completely stripped off. If the terminal potential is 10 MV, with
what energy C will hit the target?
m2t1.3 Au+10 ion beam of energy 100 MeV falls on a Cu thin film target.
If a detector is placed at an angle 300 in forward geometry, what would
be the maximum energy of Cu atom detected by it?
Hint. Use relation V = Q/C, calculate total number of ion pairs (N)
generated. Calculate energy of alpha particle using N and W.
increased?
3. How much energy a proton gains for one revolution (starting from the
mid of the gap and coming back) in a cyclotron when the dees are
kinematic factor?
proportional counter?
particles?
TutorialSections
Module -3
m3t1.1: Find out the unknown particle (X) in the following nuclear
reaction:
122
52Te (X,d)53I124
Hints: Use linear momentum conservation and take the ratio of their
kinetic energies.
E
Hints: Use equation n = ln 0 , where n is the number of collisions.
E
m3t1.5: Using liquid-drop model, Bohr and Wheeler first calculated Ecrit
Z (Z 1)
E crit = 0.89 A 2 / 3 0.02 MeV
A1 / 3
235
Show that for U fission only 0.1 MeV neutron is required (It is known
235
that for U fission the added binding energy of the added neutron is 6.8
MeV).
m3t1.6: Many reactor designes have plate type fuel elements which can
be idealized as an infinite slab with uniformly distributed thermal source.
It can be shown that t0-t1 = = QL2/2k.
Fig. 1
m3t1.8: Estimate the volume of water in the Great Lakes and calculate
the amount of energy released if all the deuterium atoms in the water are
used up in fusion. (Area of the lake: 256 000 km2, average depth of the
lake: 0.08 km, abundance of deuterium is 0.0156 %). Q = 7.17 MeV.
Hints: First calculate volume of the lake, mass of water and total number
of water molecules present in the lake. Determine total number of
deuterium atoms present in the lake.
Hints: Use gas law PV = NKT to determine NK value for T = 300 K. Use
E = 3/2 KTp = 1/CV2 to determine plasma temperature Tp. Take care of
the fact that energy is equally shared between the deuterons and
electrons in the plasma
B. Short answer type questions
1. How do you decide which nuclear reaction will give positive energy?
fission reaction?
carbon-nitrogen?
TutorialSections
Module -4
A. Numerical Problems
226
m4t.1 Calculate the activity (in Curie) of 0.1 gram of Ra whose half life is
1622 years.
m4t.2 If the half lives of R-226 (1 Ci equivalent) and radon are 1622 years
and 3.8 days respectively, find the volume of radon gas at N.T.P.
4 mCi of Na-24 which is radioactive. Find the counting rate per ml of blood
withdrawn from the patient 5 days after injection. Assume (i) Na-24 gets
Hints: Use activity equation and determine count rate of radioactive atom in
m4t.5 Calculate the absorbed dose in air for 1 Roentgen of -rays. The
10-4 Coul/kg].4
B. Short answer type questions
10. What are the advantages of heavy ion cancer therapy over gamma ray
therapy?
TutorialSections
Module 5
NumericalProblemswithhints
400 nm Al film with front and back Au layers (2 monolayers thick). The
(dE/dx)out = 29 eV/angstrom.
trilayer system.
M5t.3 How the backscattering spectra will look like in the following cases?
M5t.5 C A 2 inch diameter, 0.1 mm thick 10mg magnesium (Mg) foil is kept
(beam current 100 microamps), scanned over the entire foil surface.
26
Sodium-24 (half life = 15.0 h) is formed by the Mg (d, )24Na reaction,
analysis of the same sample is also performed with 3meV 4He ions. Compare
3. How the qualitative depth profile sketch of Si changes when (i) 100 nm Si
experimentalist prefers NAA over RBS to identify the element and quantify