INFS1200

Data integrity
Data redundancy
Functional dependency: mathematical theory to deal with data redundancy.
Parallel processing
Transaction management
Software: DBMS Database Management System
Create a system from scratch- design a conceptual model and map into a data
base model.
Computer-based information systems.

Resources:

Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe. Fundamentals of database systems. Pearson/Addison

Wesley, 2007. 5th (or later) edition (REQUIRED)

Hoffer, Jeffrey A., George, Joey, F., Valacich, Joseph S., Modern systems analysis and design,
Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice Hall, 2005, ch.7, pp.197-243.

Expected outcome:
Extract specifications to create conceptual model
Convert conceptual model to relational database schema
Reason with logical foundation of relational data model.
Understand the fundamental principle sof correct relational database design
Express simple natural language queries using the SQL language (structured
queried language).

SQL is a declarative language

Basic set theory is useful
A set is a concept that describes a collection elements- each element is unique
and no order.

My sql tutorials
LDBM.

Course module
RDB- Relational database theory
Module 1. Database systems
Module 2. Requirements engineering
Module 3: Entity relationships
Module 4. Relational model
Module 5. ER to relational mapping
Module 6 FDs and Normalisation
Module 7. SQL
Module 8. Database Systems Architecture

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MARCH 05. MODULE 1: DATABASE SYSTEMS

Q. What is a database?
A. A collection of related facts. A fact is stated by a complete sentence.

What is a DBMS?
A. DataBase Management System. A software system for defining,
constructing and manipulating databases for various applications.

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Q

Stored databae definition= information about our facts (metadata), data

dictionary (DD) or system catalogue.
Stored database= collection of our facts.

Queries= user requests to access data .

Application programs= business applications

Q. Who are the users of the database system?

A. Database administrators, database designers and application programmers, end users:
- casual end user, parametric end users, sophisticated end users.

Q. Why use a database system?

A. Database approach provides a central store of data and meta-data and thus:
- not internal to an application program (can be readily shared with different users).
- provides shared access for multiple users
- relives application programmer from tedious book keeping tasks
- provides facility to change data without affect the applications.

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 Blue
System catalogue
Stored database

Yellow (core components)

Runtime database processor
Stored data manager
Concurrency control backup/recovery/subsystem

Red
DML (Data manipulating laguate) computer
DDL compiler
Query compiler. Queries have two users: human and machine
Precompiler
Host language compiler

Grey
DDL stat

Q. What are the typical functions of DBMS?

A. Controlling redundancy, restricting unauthorised access, providing mlti-user
interfaces, representing complex relationships, enforcing integrity constraints,
providing backup and recover.

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Controlling redundancy
Redundancy occurs when one fact is stored in more than one place.
In traditional file processing systems (where uniqueness is not checked)-
redundancy leads to: duplication of effort, wastage of storage space,
inconsistent data.

However redundancy sometimes enhances performance- if it can be controlled.

(and if you never update the data)

Restricting unauthorised access

Different user groups may have different access privileges.
Casual users
Parametric users
Database administers (DBAs) generally have highest privileges, create user
accounts and enforce restrictions.

Providing multi-user interfaces

GUI software (Graphical User Interfaces)
Using GUI to design SQL. Query by examples
Query language for

Complex relationships
DBS has ability to represent complex relationships among the data.

Q. What is the smallest unit/ elementary fact?

A James is studying CS181= fact, CS181- code for software engineering=fact.
These can be combined into 1 fact.

Enforcing integrity constraints

Eg. Every subject must have a unique code
Student cannot have 2 different grades for same subject
Student cannot enrol in more than four 12-credit subjects.

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 Constraints can be static or dynamic.
The ones mentioned above are static constraints
Change of operations need to be accomdated by dynamic constraints.
Eg. If my salary cannot be less than my previous salary (dynamic constraint)
Eg. Single cannot be updated to divorced or widowed (dynamic constraint)

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