Chapter 6 A) digital

B) analog
1. The _______ technique uses M C) either (a) or (b)
different carrier frequencies that are D) none of the above
modulated by the source signal. At one 8. ______ can be applied when the
moment, the sign modulates one carrier bandwidth of a link (in hertz) is greater
frequency; at the next moment, the signal than the combined bandwidths of the
modulates another carrier frequency. signals to be transmitted.
A) DSSS A) TDM
B) FHSS B) FDM
C) FDM C) Both (a) or (b)
D) TDM D) Neither (a) or (b)
2. In synchronous TDM, for n signal 9. In TDM, the transmission rate of the
sources of the same data rate, each multiplexed path is usually _______ the
frame contains _______ slots. sum of the transmission rates of the
A) n + 1 signal sources.
B) n - 1 A) equal to
C) 0 to n B) less than
D) n C) greater than
3. Which multiplexing technique D) not related to
transmits digital signals? 10. In a multiplexed system, __ lines
A) WDM share the bandwidth of ____ link.
B) FDM A) 1; n
C) TDM B) n; 1
D) None of the above C) 1; 1
4. The sharing of a medium and its link D) n; n
by two or more devices is called 11. _________ utilization is the use of
_______. available bandwidth to achieve specific
A) modulation goals.
B) multiplexing A) Amplitude
C) encoding B) Frequency
D) line discipline C) Bandwidth
5. _______ is designed to be used in D) None of the above
wireless applications in which stations 12. ____ is designed to use the high
must be able to share the medium bandwidth capability of fiber-optic cable.
without interception by an eavesdropper A) WDM
and without being subject to jamming B) FDM
from a malicious intruder. C) TDM
A) Multiplexing D) None of the above
B) Spread spectrum 13. We can divide ____ into two different
C) Modulation schemes: synchronous or statistical.
D) None of the above. A) WDM
6. ______ is an analog multiplexing B) TDM
technique to combine optical signals. C) FDM
A) WDM D) none of the above
B) FDM 14. In ________ TDM, each input
C) TDM connection has an allotment in the output
D) None of the above even if it is not sending data.
7. FDM is an _________technique. A) isochronous
B) statistical C) FDM
C) synchronous D) TDM
D) none of the above 22. ________ is a digital process that
15. In ________ TDM, slots are allows several connections to share the
dynamically allocated to improve high bandwidth of a link.
bandwidth efficiency. A) WDM
A) isochronous B) TDM
B) synchronous C) FDM
C) statistical D) None of the above
D) none of the above 23. _______ is a digital multiplexing
16. The word ______ refers to the portion technique for combining several low-rate
of a _______ that carries a transmission. channels into one high-rate one.
A) line; channel A) WDM
B) channel; link B) TDM
C) link; channel C) FDM
D) line; link D) None of the above
17. Which multiplexing technique shifts 24. In ________, we combine signals
each signal to a different carrier from different sources to fit into a larger
frequency? bandwidth.
A) FDM A) line coding
B) TDM B) block coding
C) Both (a) and (b) C) spread spectrum
D) None of the above D) none of the above
18. Which multiplexing technique 25. Which multiplexing technique
transmits analog signals? involves signals composed of light
A) WDM beams?
B) TDM A) WDM
C) FDM B) FDM
D) (a) and (c) C) TDM
19. ________ is the set of techniques D) none of the above
that allows the simultaneous
transmission of multiple signals across a
single data link.
A) Demodulating
B) Multiplexing
C) Compressing
D) None of the above
20. ________ can be achieved by using
multiplexing; ______ can be achieved by
using spreading.
A) Privacy and antijamming; efficiency
B) Privacy and efficiency; antijamming
C) Efficiency; privacy and antijamming
D) Efficiency and antijamming; privacy
21. The ______ technique expands the
bandwidth of a signal by replacing each
data bit with n bits.
A) DSSS
B) FHSS
Chapter 7 coaxial cable less susceptible to noise
than twisted-pair cable?
1. When the angle of incidence is A) insulating material
_______ the critical angle, the light beam B) inner conductor
bends along the interface. C) diameter of cable
A) less than D) outer conductor
B) equal to 9. Signals with a frequency below 2 MHz
C) more than use _______ propagation.
D) none of the above A) line-of-sight
2. Transmission media lie below the B) sky
_______ layer. C) ground
A) application D) none of the above
B) transport 10. In an optical fiber, the inner core is
C) network _______ the cladding.
D) physical A) less dense than
3. _________ cable consists of an inner B) denser than
copper core and a second conducting C) the same density as
outer sheath. D) another name for
A) Twisted-pair 11. ________ cable consists of two
B) Shielded twisted-pair insulated copper wires twisted together.
C) Coaxial A) Twisted-pair
D) Fiber-optic B) Coaxial
4. __________ consists of a central C) Fiber-optic
conductor and a shield. D) none of the above
A) Twisted-pair 12. In fiber optics, the signal is _______
B) Coaxial waves.
C) Fiber-optic A) radio
D) none of the above B) light
5. _______ cable can carry signals of C) infrared
higher frequency ranges than _______ D) very low-frequency
cable. 13. Signals with a frequency above 30
A) Coaxial; twisted-pair MHz use _______propagation.
B) Twisted-pair; fiber-optic A) line-of-sight
C) Coaxial; fiber-optic B) sky
D) none of the above C) ground
6. _________ are used for cellular D) none of the above
phone, satellite, and wireless LAN 14. A parabolic dish antenna is a(n)
communications. _______ antenna.
A) Radio waves A) unidirectional
B) Infrared waves B) bidirectional
C) Microwaves C) omnidirectional
D) none of the above D) horn
7. The inner core of an optical fiber is 15. A(n) _______ medium provides a
_______ in composition. physical conduit from one device to
A) copper another.
B) glass or plastic A) unguided
C) bimetallic B) guided
D) liquid C) either (a) or (b)
8. What is the major factor that makes D) none of the above
16. ________ cable is used for voice and angle of incidence is greater than the
data communications. critical angle, _______ occurs.
A) Twisted-pair A) refraction
B) Coaxial B) reflection
C) Fiber-optic C) criticism
D) none of the above D) incidence
17. Signals with a frequency between 2 24. Which of the following is not a guided
MHz and 30 MHz use _______ medium?
propagation. A) fiber-optic cable
A) ground B) coaxial cable
B) line-of-sight C) twisted-pair cable
C) sky D) atmosphere
D) none of the above 25. Microwaves are _________.
18. Transmission media are usually A) omnidirectional
categorized as _______. B) bidirectional
A) determinate or indeterminate C) unidirectional
B) fixed or unfixed D) none of the above
C) guided or unguided 26. ________ cables carry data signals
D) metallic or nonmetallic in the form of light.
19. ________ are used for short-range A) Twisted-pair
communications such as those between B) Coaxial
a PC and a peripheral device. C) Fiber-optic
A) Radio waves D) none of the above
B) Infrared waves 27. Radio waves are _________.
C) Microwaves A) unidirectional
D) none of the above B) omnidirectional
20. _________ media transport C) bidirectional
electromagnetic waves without the use of D) none of the above
a physical conductor. 28. In a fiber-optic cable, the signal is
A) Guided propagated along the inner core by
B) Unguided _______.
C) Either (a) or (b) A) refraction
D) None of the above B) reflection
21. ________ cables are composed of a C) modulation
glass or plastic inner core surrounded by D) none of the above
cladding, all encased in an outside
jacket.
A) Twisted-pair
B) Coaxial
C) Fiber-optic
D) none of the above
22. Which of the following primarily uses
guided media?
A) radio broadcasting
B) satellite communications
C) local telephone system
D) cellular telephone system
23. When a beam of light travels through
media of two different densities, if the
Chapter 8 8. A ________ network is made of a set
of switches connected by physical links,
1. Packet-switched networks can also be in which each link is divided into n
divided into ______subcategories: channels.
virtual-circuit networks and datagram A) circuit-switched
networks. B) line-switched
A) five C) frame-switched
B) three D) none of the above
C) two 9. In a banyan switch, for 8 inputs and 8
D) four outputs, we have _____ microswitches at
2. In __________, each packet is treated each stage.
independently of all others. A) 2
A) circuit switching B) 3
B) datagram switching C) 4
C) frame switching D) 8
D) none of the above 10. In _________, there is no resource
3. Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 200, allocation for a packet.
then k must be equal to or greater than A) circuit switching
______. B) datagram switching
A) 19 C) frame switching
B) 21 D) none of the above
C) 31 11. A _________ network is a cross
D) 41 between a circuit-switched network and a
4. In _________, resources are allocated datagram network. It has some
on demand. characteristics of both.
A) circuit switching A) packet-switched
B) datagram switching B) frame-switched
C) frame switching C) virtual-circuit
D) none of the above D) none of the above
5. In _______ switching, the paths in the 12. The most popular technology in
circuit are separated from one another timedivision
spatially. switching is called the
A) time-division _________.
B) two-dimensional A) TSI
C) space-division B) STI
D) three-dimensional C) ITS
6. In a ________ network, two types of D) none of the above
addressing are involved: global and local. 13. A switched WAN is normally
A) datagram implemented as a _______ network.
B) virtual-circuit A) virtual-circuit
C) circuit-switched B) datagram
D) none of the above C) circuit-switched
7. In a three-stage space division switch, D) none of the above
if N = 200, the number of crosspoints is 14. We can say that a packet switch has
______. _______ types of components.
A) 40,000 A) four
B) less than 40,000 B) three
C) greater than 40,000 C) two
D) greater than 100,000 D) none of the above
15. In a one-stage space division switch, 22. Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 200,
if N = 200, the number of crosspoints is then n must be equal to or greater than
______. ____.
A) 20,000 A) 40
B) 40,000 B) 30
C) 30,000 C) 20
D) 10,000 D) 10
16. In a banyan switch, for 8 inputs and 8 23. Circuit switching takes place at the
outputs, we have _____ stages. ________ layer.
A) 2 A) physical
B) 3 B) data line
C) 4 C) network
D) 8 D) transport
17. A switch in a datagram network uses 24. A ________ switch combines
a routing table that is based on the crossbar switches in several (normally
______ address. three) stages.
A) destination A) multiple path
B) source B) multiple crossbar
C) local C) multistage
D) none of the above D) none of the above
18. Traditionally, _____ methods of 25. In _______ there are no setup or
switching have been important. teardown phases.
A) six A) circuit switching
B) five B) datagram switching
C) four C) frame switching
D) three D) none of the above
19. The network layer in the Internet is 26. We can divide today's networks into
designed as a __________ network. ____ broad categories.
A) circuit-switched A) five
B) datagram B) four
C) virtual-circuit C) three
D) none of the above D) two
20. A ________ switch combines 27. A ________ switch is a multistage
spacedivision switch with microswitches at each stage
and time-division technologies to that route the packets based on the
take advantage of the best of both. output port represented as a binary
A) SSS string.
B) TST A) TSI
C) TTT B) banyan
D) none of the above C) crossbar
21. In _______, the resources need to be D) none of the above
reserved during the setup phase; the 28. The _______ address in the header
resources remain dedicated for the entire of a packet in a datagram network
duration of data transfer phase until the normally remains the same during the
teardown phase. entire journey of the packet.
A) frame switching A) destination
B) datagram switching B) source
C) circuit switching C) local
D) none of the above D) none of the above
29. Based on the Clos criteria, if N = 200,
then the minimum number of crosspoints
is greater than or equal to _______.
A) 42,000
B) 20,000
C) 18,000
D) 15,200
30. The simplest type of switching fabric
is the ______ switch.
A) crossbar
B) crosspoint
C) TSI
D) STS
Chapter 9 ______.
A) SSS
1. To use a cable network for data B) SS7
transmission, we need two key devices: C) POP
a ______ and a _________ D) none of the above
A) CT; CMTS 9. _______technology is a set of
B) CM; CMTS technologies developed by the telephone
C) CM; CMS companies to provide high data rate
D) none of the above transmission.
2. A local telephone network is an A) LDS
example of a _______ network. B) ASL
A) packet-switched C) DSL
B) message-switched D) none of the above
C) circuit-switched 10. The local loop has _______ cable
D) none of the above that connects the subscriber telephone to
3. A traditional cable TV network the nearest end office.
transmits signals ______. A) fiber-optic
A) downstream B) coaxial
B) upstream C) twisted-pair
C) upstream and downstream D) none of the above
D) none of the above 11. The second generation of cable
4. The traditional cable TV system used networks is called a(n) _________
________cable end to end. network.
A) twisted-pair A) HCF
B) fiber-optic B) HFC
C) coaxial C) CFH
D) none of the above D) none of the above
5. The telephone network is made of 12. The largest portion of the bandwidth
______ major components. for ADSL carries _______.
A) 4 A) upstream data
B) 3 B) downstream data
C) 2 C) control data
D) none of the above D) voice communication
6. Data from a computer are _______; 13. _______ is suitable for businesses
the local loop handles _______ signals. that require comparable upstream and
A) analog; analog downstream data rates.
B) digital; digital A) SDSL
C) digital; analog B) ADSL
D) analog; digital C) VDSL
7. The original telephone network, which D) (b) and (c)
is referred to as the plain old telephone 14. The carrier that handles intra-LATA
system (POTS), was an ________ services is called a(n) _____ .
system. A) IXC
A) analog B) LEC
B) digital C) POP
C) digital as well as analog D) none of the above
D) none of the above 15. DMT is a modulation technique that
8. The protocol that is used for signaling combines elements of _______ and
in the telephone network is called _______.
A) FDM; QAM that make up the device: a signal
B) FDM; TDM _______ and a signal _______.
C) PSK; FSK A) demodulator; modulator
D) QDM; QAM B) modulator; demodulator
16. The carrier that handles inter-LATA C) modern; demo
services is called a(n) _______. D) none of the above
A) IXC 24. The two most common digital
B) LEC services are ________ service and
C) POP ______.
D) none of the above A) switched/56; DDS
17. The modern telephone network is B) switched/56; switched/64
now ________. C) DDS; swiched 64
A) digital D) leased; out-of-band
B) digital as well as analog 25. The United States is divided into
C) analog many _______.
D) none of the above A) IXCs
18. In an HFC network, the upstream B) LECs
data are modulated using the _______ C) LATAs
modulation technique. D) none of the above
A) ASK 26. The standard for data transmission
B) PCM over an HFC network is called _______.
C) QAM A) ADSL
D) QPSK B) CMTS
19. _______ was designed as an C) DOCSIS
alternative to the T-1 line. D) MCNS
A) ADSL 27. In ________signaling, a portion of the
B) HDSL bandwidth is used for signaling and
C) VDSL another portion for data.
D) SDSL A) mixed
20. HDSL encodes data using _______. B) in-band
A) 2B1Q C) out-of-band
B) 1B2Q D) none of the above
C) 4B/5B 28. Telephone companies provide two
D) 6B/8T types of analog services: analog
21. In an HFC network, the downstream _______ services and analog
data are modulated using the _______ _____services.
modulation technique. A) leased; out-of-band
A) PCM B) out-of-band; in-band
B) QAM C) switched; in-band
C) PSK D) switched; leased
D) ASK 29. The HFC network uses _______
22. Another name for the cable TV office cable.
is the _______. A) coaxial
A) head end B) twisted-pair
B) combiner C) fiber-optic
C) fiber node D) a combination of (a) and (c)
D) splitter 30. In ______signaling, the same circuit
23. The term modem is a composite word is used for both signaling and data.
that refers to the two functional entities A) mixed
B) out-of-band
C) in-band
D) none of the above
31. Most popular modems available are
based on the ________standards.
A) X-series
B) V-series
C) VX-series
D) none of the above
Chapter 10 B) The dividend
C) The divisor
1. Checksums use _________ D) The remainder
arithmetic. 9. Which error detection method consists
A) one's complement arithmetic of just one redundant bit per data unit?
B) two's complement arithmetic A) CRC
C) either (a) or (b) B) Checksum
D) none of the above C) Simple parity check
2. The checksum of 1111 and 1111 is D) Two-dimensional parity check
_________. 10. In _____ coding, we divide our
A) 0000 message into blocks, each of k bits,
B) 1111 called ___.
C) 1110 A) block; blockwords
D) 0111 B) block; datawords
3. In modulo-11 arithmetic, we use only C) linear; datawords
the integers in the range ______, D) none of the above
inclusive. 11. A _____ error means that two or
A) 1 to 10 more bits in the data unit have changed.
B) 0 to 10 A) burst
C) 1 to 11 B) double-bit
D) none of the above C) single-bit
4. In cyclic redundancy checking, the D) none of the above
divisor is _______ the CRC. 12. Adding 1 and 1 in modulo-2
A) one bit less than arithmetic results in _________.
B) one bit more than A) 0
C) The same size as B) 1
D) none of the above C) 2
5. The ________ between two words is D) none of the above
the number of differences between 13. In ________ error correction, the
corresponding bits. receiver corrects errors without
A) Hamming rule requesting retransmission.
B) Hamming code A) onward
C) Hamming distance B) forward
D) none of the above C) backward
6. The _______ of a polynomial is the D) none of the above
highest power in the polynomial. 14. If the Hamming distance between a
A) range dataword and the corresponding
B) power codeword is three, there are _____ bits
C) degree in error.
D) none of the above A) 5
7. In modulo-2 arithmetic, __________ B) 4
give the same results. C) 3
A) addition and subtraction D) none of the above
B) addition and multiplication 15. A simple parity-check code can
C) addition and division detect __________ errors.
D) none of the above A) an odd-number of
8. In cyclic redundancy checking, what is B) an even-number of
the CRC? C) two
A) The quotient D) no errors
16. The Hamming distance between A) 4
equal codewords is _________. B) 8
A) 0 C) 2
B) 1 D) none of the above
C) n 24. The checksum of 0000 and 0000 is
D) none of the above __________.
17. In a linear block code, the _______ of A) 0000
any two valid codewords creates another B) 1111
valid codeword. C) 0111
A) ANDing D) 1110
B) XORing 25. In one's complement arithmetic, if
C) ORing positive 7 is 0111, then negative 7 is
D) none of the above ________.
18. In ________ error correction, the A) 1101
receiver asks the sender to send the data B) 1000
again. C) 1111
A) forward D) none of the above
B) backward 26. In block coding, if n = 5, the maximum
C) retransmission Hamming distance between two
D) none of the above codewords is ________.
19. We can divide coding schemes into A) 5
two broad categories: ________ and B) 3
______coding. C) 2
A) linear; nonlinear D) none of the above
B) block; convolution 27. Which error detection method uses
C) block; linear one's complement arithmetic?
D) none of the above A) Checksum
20. In modulo-2 arithmetic, we use only B) CRC
______. C) Simple parity check
A) 1 and 2 D) Two-dimensional parity check
B) 0 and 1 28. The divisor in a cyclic code is
C) 0 and 2 normally called the _________.
D) none of the above A) redundancy
21. To guarantee correction of up to 5 B) degree
errors in all cases, the minimum C) generator
Hamming distance in a block code must D) none of the above
be ________. 29. In modulo-2 arithmetic, we use the
A) 11 ______ operation for both addition and
B) 6 subtraction.
C) 5 A) OR
D) none of the above B) XOR
22. The _____of errors is more difficult C) AND
than the ______. D) none of the above
A) detection; correction 30. We add r redundant bits to each block
B) correction; detection to make the length n = k + r. The resulting
C) creation; correction n-bit blocks are called _________.
D) creation; detection A) codewords
23. In block coding, if k = 2 and n = 3, we B) datawords
have _______ invalid codewords. C) blockwords
D) none of the above
31. To guarantee the detection of up to 5
errors in all cases, the minimum
Hamming distance in a block code must
be _______.
A) 11
B) 5
C) 6
D) none of the above
32. A generator that contains a factor of
____ can detect all odd-numbered errors.
A) x
B) 1
C) x + 1
D) none of the above
33. _______codes are special linear
block codes with one extra property. If a
codeword is rotated, the result is another
codeword.
A) Convolution
B) Cyclic
C) Non-linear
D) none of the above
34. The Hamming distance between 100
and 001 is ________.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) none of the above