Iodine
Other names
Forms and Occurence in the body
Functions and Biological Roles
Iron
Iodine
Iodine is needed for the normal
metabolism of cells. Metabolism is
the process of converting food into
energy. Humans need iodine for
normal thyroid function, and for the
production of thyroid hormones.
Zinc
Iron is a mineral that plays a crucial
role in many different body functions.
It helps to carry oxygen throughout
the body in the form of hemoglobin
(component of red blood cells that
transport oxygen to tissues) and
myoglobin (protein that carries
oxygen to muscle) and fight off
infection. It is an integral part of
many proteins and enzymes and
helps in energy metabolism.
Outcome of Deficiency Many months of iodine deficiency in a
person's diet may cause goiter or
hypothyroidism. Without enough
iodine, the thyroid cells and the
thyroid gland become enlarged.
Deficiency happens more often in
women than in men, and is more
common in pregnant women and
older children. Getting enough iodine
in the diet may prevent a form of
physical and intellectual disability
called cretinism.
Iron deficiency usually results
from loss of blood in adults
(including bleeding from
menstrual periods) but, in
children and pregnant
women, may result from an
inadequate diet.
Anemia develops, making
people appear pale and feel
weak and tired.
Doctors base the diagnosis on
symptoms and blood test
results.
Zinc deficiency has many
causes, including various
disorders, alcoholism, and
use of diuretics.
People lose their appetite and
hair and may feel sluggish
and lose their sense of taste.
Doctors measure the zinc
level in blood and urine, but
these tests may not
accurately determine zinc
status.

Zinc supplements taken by
Doctors look for a source of mouth can cure the
bleeding, and if one is deficiency.
identified, they treat it.

Many conditions can increase the risk

Iron supplements, usually
taken by mouth, are often
needed.
Iron deficiency is one of the most
common mineral deficiencies in the
world. It causes anemia in men,
women, and children.
of developing zinc deficiency.
Deficiency due to a diet low in zinc is
uncommon in developed countries.
Zinc deficiency is more common
among older people who live in
institutions and people who are
homebound.
Outcome of Excess or Toxicity It usually results from taking iodine
supplements to treat a prolonged
iodine deficiency. Sometimes people
who live near the sea consume too
much iodine because they eat a lot of
seafood and seaweed and drink water
that is high in iodine, as is common in
northern Japan.
Consuming too much iodine usually
does not affect thyroid function, but
sometimes it does. It may cause the
thyroid gland to become overactive
and produce excess thyroid hormones
(hyperthyroidism), particularly in
people who used to consume too
little iodine. However, sometimes
excess iodine can decrease
production of thyroid hormones
(causing hypothyroidism). As a result,
the thyroid gland enlarges, forming a
goiter. (Goiters can form when the
thyroid gland is underactive or
overactive.)
If people consume very large
amounts of iodine, they may have a
brassy taste in their mouth and
produce more saliva. Iodine can
irritate the digestive tract and cause a
rash.
Excess iron can accumulate in the People rarely consume too much zinc.
body. Usually, zinc excess results from
consuming acidic foods or beverages
packaged in a zinc-coated
Causes include the following: (galvanized) container. In certain
industries, inhaling zinc oxide fumes
can result in zinc excess.
Repeated blood transfusions
People may have nausea, vomiting,
and diarrhea. Inhaling zinc oxide
Iron therapy given in fumes can cause rapid breathing,
excessive amounts or for too sweating, fever, and a metallic taste
long in the moutha disorder called metal
fume fever. Consuming too much zinc
for a long time can reduce the
absorption of copper, cause anemia,
Chronic alcoholism and impair the immune system.
An overdose of iron
A hereditary disorder called
hemochromatosis
Excess iron consumed all at once
causes vomiting, diarrhea, and
damage to the intestine and other
organs. Excess iron consumed over a
period of time may damage the
heart.
Requirement or Allowances recommends 0.07-0.38 mg of iodine
for first five years, 0.1-0.14 mg of iron
for children from 6 to 12 years. 0.11-
0.12 mg of iodine is recommended for
normal adult (males and females) and
0.247 mg of iodine for pregnant and
lactating mothers. The high RDAs for
iodine in childhood and pregnancy
are there because of essential role of
iodine in brain development in first
three years and in pregnancy.

Food Sources Iodized salt is table salt with iodine
added. It is the main food source of
iodine.
Seafood is naturally rich in iodine.
Cod, sea bass, haddock, and perch
are good sources.
Kelp is the most common vegetable-
seafood that is a rich source of iodine.
Dairy products also contain iodine.
Other good sources are plants grown
in iodine-rich soil.
There are two types of iron in food:
heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme
iron is absorbed more easily by the
body than non-heme iron, and is
found in meat, fish and poultry. Non-
heme iron is found in enriched and
whole grains like bajra,ragi, nuts like
raisins, green leafy vegetables like
spinach, amaranth, legumes, jaggery,
rice flakes etc.

Stability in processing and cooking

ref
http://www.msdmanuals.com/home/disorders-of-nutrition/minerals/zinc

https://www.nestle.in/nhw/nutrition-basics/nutrients/minerals/iron-iodine-zinc

http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/nutrition/iodine-in-diet/overview.html