13

13.1 Refer to the diagram.

From Table 11.2, Ka = 0.321

Pa = (H)2 1 Ka = ()(9.577)2(16.8)(0.321) = 247.31 kN/m

Pv = Pa sin 10 = 42.94 kN/m

Ph = Pa cos 10 = 243.55 kN/m

Refer to the table on the next page.

Note: c = 23.58 kN/m3

85
 Section Weight Moment arm from C Moment about
(kN/m) (m) C
(kNm/m)
1 (8)(0.4)(c) = 75.46 1.9 143.4
2 (0.5)(0.2)(8)(c) = 18.86 1.63 30.7
3 (5.6)(0.96)(c) = 126.8 2.8 355.1
8 8.617
(3.5)(16.8) =
4 2 1.5 + 0.6 + 1.75 = 3.85 1880.7
488.5
Pv = 42.94 5.6 240.5
752.56 2650.4

H ( 243.55)( 9.577)
M O Ph 777 kNm/m
3 3

2650.4
FS(overturning) = = 3.41
777

2 2 2 2
V tan 2 B c2 (752.56) tan ( 28) (5.6) (30)
FS( sliding) 3 3 3 3 1.5
Pa cos 243.55

B M R MO 2650.4 777
e 2.8 0.31 m
2 V 752.56

V 6e 752.56 (6)(0.31)
qtoe 1 1 179 kN/m2
B B 5.6 5.6

B = B 2e = 5.6 (2)(0.31) = 4.98 m

qu = c2 NcFcdFci + qNqFqdFqi + 2 BN Fd F i

For 2 = 28; Nc = 25.8; Nq = 14.72; N = 16.72 (Table 12.2)

D 1.75
Fcd 1 0.4 f 1 0.4 1.14
B 4.98

P cos 1 243.55
tan 1 a tan 18
V 752.56

86
 2
18.0
Fqi Fci 1 1 0.64
90 90

q = 1.75 2 = (1.75)(17.6) = 30.8 kN/m2

1.75
Fqd = 1 + 0.299 = 1.105
4.98
Fi = 1
2 2
18.0
Fd 1 1 0.13
2 28

qu = (30)(25.8)(1.14)(0.64) + (30.8)(14.72)(1.105)(0.64) + ()(17.6)(4.98)(16.72)(1)(0.13)

= 982 kN/m2

qu 982
FS( bearing ) 5.49
qtoe 179

13.2 Refer to the diagram.

From Table 11.2, Ka = 0.286

87
 Pa = (H)2 1 Ka = ()(7.05)2(18.4)(0.286) = 130.8 kN/m
Pv = Pa sin 5 = 11.4 kN/m

Ph = Pa cos 5 = 130.3 kN/m

Refer to the table. Note: c = 23.58 kN/m3

Section Weight Moment arm from C Moment about

(kN/m) (m) C
(kNm/m)
1 (0.3)(6)(23.58) = 42.44 1.95 82.76
2 (0.5)(0.4)(6)(23.58) = 28.3 1.67 47.26
3 (4.4)(0.85)(23.58) = 2.2 194.02
88.19
2.3
7.05 6 1.4 + 0.7 + =
4 (2.3)(18.4) = 276.1 2 987.33
2
3.25
Pv = 11.4 4.4 50.16
446.43 1271.5

H 7.05
M O Ph (130.3) 306.2 kNm/m
3 3

1271.5
FS(overturning) = = 4.15
306.2

2 2 2
V tan 2 B c2 ( 446.43) tan 12 (4.4) (50)
FS( sliding ) 3 3 3 1.85
Pa cos 130.3

B M R MO 1271.5 306.27
e 2.2 0.038 m
2 V 446.43

V 6e 446.43 (6)( 0.038)

qtoe 1 1 106.7 kN/m2
B B 4 . 4 4 . 4

B = B 2e = 4.4 (2)(0.038) = 4.32 m

qu = c2 NcFcdFci + qNqFqdFqi + 2 BN Fd F i

For 2 = 18; Nc = 13.1; Nq = 5.26; N = 4.07 (Table 12.2)

88
 1.25
Fcd 1 0.4 1.12
4.32

P cos 130.3
tan 1 a tan 1 16.27
V 446.43

2 2
16.27
Fqi Fci 1 1 0.67
90 90

q = (1.25)(16.8) = 21 kN/m2

1.25
Fqd = 1 + 0.31 = 1.09
4.32

2
16.27
Fi 1 = 0.0092 0
18

qu = (50)(13.1)(1.12)(0.67) + (21)(5.26)(1.09)(0.67) + 0 = 572.2 kN/m2

qu 572.2
FS( bearing ) 5.36
qtoe 106.7

13.3 Refer to the diagram.

89
 Ka = 0.286; H = 6.10 m

Pa = (H)2 1 Ka = ()(18.08)2(6.1)(0.26) = 87.46 kN/m

Pv = 0

Ph = 87.46 kN/m

Refer to the table below. Note: c = 23.58 kN/m3

Section Weight Moment arm from Moment about

(kN/m) C C
(m) (kNm/m)
1 (0.46)(5.49)(c) = 59.55 1.27 75.63
2 (0.5)(0.12)(5.49)(c) = 7.77 1.0 7.77
3 (3.05)(0.61)(c) = 43.87 1.525 66.9
4 (5.49)(1.55)(18.08) = 153.85 2.275 350
265.04 500.3

6.1
M O (87.46) 177.84 kNm/m
3

500.3
FS(overturning) = = 2.81
177.84

2 2
(265.04) tan (15) (3.05) ( 44)
FS( sliding) 3 3 1.56
87.46

3.05 500.3 177.84

e 0.308 m
2 265.04

265.04 (6)(0.308)
qtoe 1 139.6 kN/m2
3.05 3.05

B = B 2e = 3.05 (2)(0.308) = 2.434 m

qu = c2 NcFcdFci + qNqFqdFqi + 2 BN Fd F i

For 2 = 15, from Table 12.2, Nc = 10.98; Nq = 3.94; N = 2.65

1.22
Fcd 1 0.4 1.2
2.434
90
 87.46
tan 1 18.26
265.04
2
18.26
Fqi Fci 1 0.635
90

1.22
Fqd = 1 + 0.294 = 1.147
2.434

2
18.26
Fi 1 = 0.047
15

qu = (44)(10.98)(1.2)(0.653) + (1.22)(19.65)(3.94)(1.147)(0.635)

+ ()(19.65)(2.434)(2.65)(1)(0.047) = 450 kN/m2

qu 450
FS( bearing ) 3.22
qtoe 139.6

13.4 Refer to the diagram.

32
H = 6.8 m; 1 = 32; Ka = tan2 45 = 0.307
2
91
 Pa = Ph = (H)2 Ka = ()(16.5)(6.8)2(0.307) = 117.1 kN/m
Refer to the table. Note: c = 23.58 kN/m3

Section Weight Moment arm from Moment about

(kN/m) C C
(m) (kNm/m)
1 (0.5)(2)(6)(c) = 141.48 1.97 278.72
2 (0.6)(6)(c) = 84.89 1.0 84.89
3 (0.5)(0.2)(6)(c) = 14.148 0.63 8.91
4 (4.05)(0.8)(c) = 76.4 2.025 154.71
5 (0.5)(6)(2)(16.5) = 99.00 2.63 260.37
6 (0.75)(6)(16.5) = 74.25 3.675 272.87
490.168 1060.47

H 6. 8
M O Ph (117 .1) 265.4 kNm/m
3 3

M R 1060.47
FS(overturning) = = 4.0
MO 265.4

2 2 2
V tan 2 B c2 ( 490.168) tan(14.66) ( 4.05) ( 40)
FS( sliding) 3 3 3 2.02
Pa cos 117 .1

2
13.5 . From Table 11.7, for 1 = 32, = 0 and = 18.43; Ka = 0.45; = 21.33
1 3

Pa = ()(16.5)(6.8)2(0.45) = 171.67 kN/m

Ph = 171.67 cos (21.33 + 18.43) = 131.97 kN/m

Pv = 171.67 sin (21.33 + 18.43) = 109.8 kN/m

Refer to sections in the figure shown in Problem 13.4.

92
 Section Weight Moment arm from Moment about
(kN/m) C C
(m) (kNm/m)
1 141.48 1.97 278.72
2 84.89 1.0 84.89
3 14.148 0.63 8.91
4 76.4 2.025 154.71
Pv 109.8 2.811 308.65
426.718 835.88

H 6.8
M O Ph (131.97) 299.13 kNm/m
3 3

835.88
FS(overturning) = = 2.79
299.13

2 2 2
V tan 2 B c2 ( 426.718) tan(14.66) ( 4.05) ( 40)
FS( sliding) 3 3 3 1.66
Pa cos 131.97

93
 1 34
45
13.6 a. Ka = tan2 45 2 = tan2 2 = 0.2827

( 1HK a SV S H )[ FS( B ) ] (18.7)(10)( 0.2827)(1)(1.3)( 3)

Eq. (13.33): t
w fy (0.12 m)(262,000 kN/m2 )

= 0.00656 m = 6.56 mm

b. Eq. (13.32). At z = 0

FS( P ) SV S H ( K a z) (3)(0.2827)(1)(1.3)
L H tan 45 1 (10) tan( 45 17)
2 ( 2 w tan 1)( z) ( 2)( 0.12)(tan 25)

15.17 m

13.7 a. Check for overturning: Pa = 1 H2 Ka = ()(18.7)(102)(0.2827) = 264.32 kN/m

10
MO = Pa z = (264.32) = 881.07 kNm/m; L = 15.17 m
3

L L2 (10)(18.7)(15.17) 2
Eq. (13.35): Mr = (H L)(1) = H 1 21,517
2 2 2
kNm/m

21,517
FS(overturning) = = 24.42
881.07

b. Check for sliding: Eq. (13.37):

2
1 HL tan 1 (18.7)(10)(15.17) tan (34)
2
FS( sliding) 3 3 4.48
Pa 264.32

c. Check for bearing capacity: 2 = 25. From Table 12.2, Nc = 20.72; N = 10.88

qult = c2 Nc + 2 LN

L M R M O 15.17 21,517 881.07

e 0.31 m
2 V 2 (10)(15.17)(18.7)

L = 15.17 (2 0.31) = 14.55 m

94
 qu = (31)(20.72) + ()(18.2)(14.55)(10.88) = 642.32 + 1440.6 2082.92 kN/m2
o ( H ) = 1 H = (18.7)(10) = 187 kN/m2

2082.92
FS(bearing capacity) = = 11.14
187

( 1 HK a SV S H )[ FS( B ) ] (18.7)(8)( 0.2827)(1)(1.3)( 3)

13.8 a. t = 0.00525 m =
wf y (0.12)(262,000)
5.25 m

b.
FS( P ) SV S H ( K a z) (3)(0.2827)(1)(1.3)
L H tan 45 1 (8) tan(45 17)
2 ( 2 w tan 1)( z) ( 2)(0.12)(tan 25)
= 14.11 m

30
13.9 1 = 30; Ka = tan2 45 = 0.333
2

G
Eq. (13.44): SV
1 zK a [ FS( B ) ]

16
At z = H = 6 m: SV 0.336
(15.9)( 6)( 0.333)(1.5)

H z S K [ FS( B ) ]
L V a
2 tan F
tan 45 1
2

6 (0.336)(0.333)(1.5)
L 3.47 0.23
At z = 0 (maximum length): tan 45 15 2
2 tan 30
3
3.7 m

SV K a [ FS( P ) ] (0.336)(0.333)(1.5)
ll
Eq. (13.48): 4 tan F 2 0.115 m Use 1 m
4 tan 30
3

13.10 Check for overturning:

95
 Pa = (15.9)(6)2(0.333) = 95.3 kN/m

MO = Pa 6
3 = 190.6 kNm/m

Use L = 3.7 for all depths.

H 1 L2 (6)(15.9)( 3.7) 2
MR 653 kNm/m
2 2

653
FS(overturning) = 3.43
190.6

Check for sliding:

1HL tan 1
2
FS( sliding) 3 (15.9)( 6)(3.7)(tan 20) 1.35
Pa 95.3

Check for bearing capacity: For 2 = 20, from Table 12.2, Nc = 14.83; N = 5.39

L M R M O 3.7 653 190.6

e 0.54 m
2 V 2 (15.9)(6)(3.7)

L = L 2e = 3.7 (2)(0.54) = 2.62 m

qu = c2 Nc + 2LN = (55)(14.83) + ()(16.8)(2.62)(5.39) = 934.3 kN/m2

934.3
FS(bearing capacity) = 9.79
(15.9)( 6)

Note: FS against sliding is below acceptable values, so increase L to about 8 m.

30
13.11 Eq. (13.49): = 0.65 H tan2 45 = (0.65)(17)(9)tan2 45 = 33.15 kN/m2
2 2

96
 4.5
(33.15)( 4.5)
2 111.88 kN/m
M B 0. A
1
3
B1 = (33.15)(4.5) 111.88 = 37.3 kN/m

Due to symmetry, C = 111.88 kN/m

B2 = 37.3 kN/m

Strut load at A = (111.88)(3) = 335.64 kN

Strut load at B = (37.3 + 37.3)(3) = 223.8 kN

Strut load at C = (111.88)(3) = 335.64 kN

13.12 a. For sheet piles, refer to the shear force diagram.

Due to symmetry,

MA = MC = (1.5)(49.89) = 37.42 kNm

MB = MB = (1.13)(37.3) = 21.07 kNm

37.42
S = 170,000 2.2 104 m3/m of the wall

As 2
b. For wales, M A
8

As 2 (111 .8)(3) 2
S 0.74 103 m/m3 of the wall
8 all (8)(170,000)

97
 H (17.5)( 7)
13.13 2.04. Use Fig. 13.22c.
c 60

= 0.3 H = (0.3)(17.5)(7) = 36.75 kN/m2

M B1 0

36.75 2.252 1 1.75

36.75 1.75 2.25
2 2 3 61.3 kN/m
A
3

B1 = [(36.75)(2.25) + ()(1.75)(36.75)] 61.3 = 53.55 kN/m

MB 0
2

36.75 1.252 1 1.75

36.75 1.75 1.25
2 2 3 43.83 kN/m
C
2

98
 B2 = [(36.75)(1.25) + ()(1.75)(36.75)] 43.83 = 34.27 kN/m

Strut load at A = (61.3)(5) = 306.5 kN

Strut load at B = (B1 + B2)(5) = (53.55 + 34.27)(5) = 439.1 kN

Strut load at C = (43.83)(5) = 219.15 kN

13.14 a. H = 6 m; Hs = 2 m; Hc = 4 m.

Eq. (13.53): a = [s Hs + (H Hs)c] = [(16.2)(2) + (4)(17.5)] = 17.07 kN/m3

Eq. (13.52):

1
cav [ s K s H s2 tan s ( H H s )n qu ]
2H
1
[(16.2)(1)( 2) 2 (tan 34 ) ( 4)(0.75)(68)] 20.64 kN/m 2
( 2)(6)

a H (17.07)(6)
b. 4.96. The pressure diagram will be like Fig. 13.22b.
cav 20.64

4c 4
a H 1 av (17.07)(6)1 19.82 kN/m2
a G 4 . 96

Also check = 0.3 a H = (0.3)(17.07)(6) = 30.73 kN/m2

Use = 30.73 kN/m2

13.15 a. Eq. (13.54): cav = [(2)(102) + (2.5)(75) + (2.5)(80)] = 84.5 kN/m2

Eq. (13.55): av = [(2)(17.5) + (2.5)(16.8) + (2.5)(17)] = 17.07 kN/m3

a H (17.07)( 7)
b. 1.41. Use Fig. 13.22c.
cav 84.5

= 0.3 a H = (0.3)(17.07)(7) = 35.85 kN/m2

1 5.7c 1 (5.7)( 60)
13.16 Eq. (13.59): FS 15.2
H c 7 17.5 60

0.7 B

(0.7)( 6)

99
 cN c
Eq. (13.61): FS
H

B = 6 m; L = 18 m; H/B = 1.17. From Fig. 13.29, Nc(square) = 8

6
Eq. (13.62): Nc(rectangle) = 8 0.84 (0.16) = 7.15
18
(60)( 7.15)
FS = = 3.5
(17.5)(7)

100