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 CHAPTER FORM 4

9 Trigonometry II

SPM Topical Analysis

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Paper 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Number of questions 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 3 0

ONCEPT MAP

TRIGONOMETRY II
TRIGONOMETRI II

Unit Circle (Bulatan Unit)

sin = y-coordinate (sin = koordinat-y)
cos = x-coordinate (kos = koordinat-x)
y-coordinate koordinat-y
tan = (tan = )
x-coordinate koordinat-x

Signs of sin , cos and tan for 0   360

Tanda sin , kos dan tan bagi 0   360

Basic angle in quadrant I

Sudut asas dalam sukuan I

Values of sin , cos and tan for 0   360 Values of sine, cosine and
Nilai-nilai sin , kos dan tan bagi 0   360 tangent of special angles
Nilai sinus, kosinus dan tangen
bagi sudut-sudut khusus

Graphs of sin , cos and tan for 0   360

Graf sin , kos dan tan bagi 0   360

COMPANION WEBSITE
Learning Objectives
 9.1 Values of Sine, Cosine and Tangent of
an Angle

9.1a Unit Circle Facts

0, 90, 180, 270
1 A unit circle is a circle of radius 1 unit with its centre at the origin. and 360 are not in any
2 The diagram shows the unit circle. quadrant.
The x-axis and the y-axis divide the unit circle into four quadrants.
y
1
F II I
O Second First
9

R quadrant quadrant
x
CHAPTER

M 1 Third O Fourth 1
quadrant quadrant
4 III IV
1

3 In the diagram, the angle is positive if point P moves in an

anticlockwise direction around the unit circle. If OP is at the
(a) first quadrant, 0 90,
(b) second quadrant, 90 180,
(c) third quadrant, 180 270,
(d) fourth quadrant, 270 360.
y
(0, 1) 90
P

180 0/360
x
(1, 0) O (1, 0)

270 (0, 1)

1 9.1b Coordinates and Ratios of

(a) (b)
y y Coordinates for Points on the
1 1
Unit Circle
P
35
O y
x x
1 O 1 1 70 1
1
P P(0.8, 0.6)
1 1
x
Each of the above diagrams shows a unit circle. 1 O 1

Determine
(i) the quadrant in which the angle between the 1
radius OP and the positive x-axis lies,
(ii) the angle between the radius OP and the For any point on the circumference of a unit circle,
positive x-axis. (a) the value of the y-coordinate can be
determined, i.e. 0.6,
Solution
(b) the value of the x-coordinate can be
(a) (i) Quadrant II (ii) 90 + 35 = 125 determined, i.e. 0.8,
(b) (i) Quadrant III (ii) 180 + 70 = 250 (c) the ratio of the y-coordinate to the
Try: Question 1, Self Assess 9.1.
0.6 3
x-coordinate can be obtained, i.e. =
0.8 4

Trigonometry II 152
 2

y Solution
(a) For point M(0.5, 0.86):
M(0.5, 0.86) (i) y-coordinate = 0.86
(ii) x-coordinate = 0.5
O
x (iii) ratio of y-coordinate to x-coordinate
0.86
=
N(0.7, 0.7) 0.5
= 1.72

(b) For point N(0.7, 0.7): F

The diagram shows the unit circle. Determine O
(i) the y-coordinate, (i) y-coordinate = 0.7

9
R
(ii) the x-coordinate, (ii) x-coordinate = 0.7

CHAPTER
M
(iii) the ratio of the y-coordinate to the (iii) ratio of y-coordinate to x-coordinate
x-coordinate, 0.7 4
=
of points: 0.7
(a) M = 1
(b) N
Try: Question 2, Self Assess 9.1.

9.1c Values of sin , cos and tan in 3

Quadrant I of the Unit Circle
y
y
1
1
P(x , y)
1
y
0.5
x
1 O x Q 1

30
x
1 O 0.86 1

In quadrant I, P is a point on the circumference of The diagram shows quadrant I of the unit circle. Use
the unit circle with centre O. is the angle between the diagram to determine the values of
the radius OP and the positive x-axis. From the (a) sin 0, (d) sin 30,
diagram, (b) cos 0, (e) cos 30,
PQ y (c) tan 0, (f) tan 30.
(a) sin = = = y
OP 1 Solution
OQ x (a) sin 0 = 0 y-coordinate
(b) cos = = = x
OP 1
(b) cos 0 = 1 x-coordinate
PQ y y-coordinate
(c) tan = = (c) tan 0 = 0
OQ x x-coordinate

Therefore, (d) sin 30 = 0.5

(e) cos 30 = 0.86
sin = y-coordinate
cos = x-coordinate 0.5 = 0.58
(f) tan 30 =
0.86
y-coordinate
tan =
x-coordinate Try: Question 3, Self Assess 9.1.

153 Trigonometry II
 9.1d Signs of Trigonometric Ratios 5 In summary, the signs of the values of the
trigonometric ratios of an angle in all four
1 The values of the trigonometric ratios of an quadrants are shown in the following
angle in quadrant I (0 90) are as diagram.
follows:
90
y y
sin
r = Positive sin (+) All (+)
P(x, y ) Quadrant II Quadrant I
x
cos
r = Positive sin = (+) sin = (+)
r
y cos = () cos = (+)
y tan = () tan = (+)
tan =
x Positive
x
O x Q
F 180 0/360
O tan (+) cos (+)
2 The values of the trigonometric ratios of an
9

R Quadrant III Quadrant IV

angle in quadrant II (90 180) are as
CHAPTER

M
sin = () sin = ()
follows:
4 y cos = () cos = (+)
tan = (+) tan = ()
P(x, y)
270
r
y

x
Q x O
4
y
sin
r = Positive Determine whether the value of each of the
following is positive or negative.
x
cos = Negative (a) tan 50
r
(b) sin 110
y (c) cos 220
tan = Negative
x (d) tan 345

3 The values of the trigonometric ratios of an Solution

angle in quadrant III (180 270) are (a) tan 50 is positive because 0 50 90
as follows: (in quadrant I).
(b) sin 110 is positive because
y y 90 110 180 (in quadrant II).
sin
r = Negative (c) cos 220 is negative because
x 180 220 270 (in quadrant III).
cos = Negative
(d) tan 345 is negative because
r x
x
y O 270 345 360 (in quadrant IV).
tan = y
x r
y Positive Try: Question 4, Self Assess 9.1.
P(x, y )
x =

4 The values of trigonometric ratios of an angle

in quadrant IV (270 360) are as 9.1e Special Angles
follows:
1 Special angles are angles with the values of
y sine, cosine or tangent equal to 0, 0.5, 1 or
y
sin
r = Negative undefined. Thus, in the range of
0 360, 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180,
x 270 and 360 are special angles.
cos
r = Positive x
x
O
y
2 The following table shows the values of
y r sine, cosine and tangent of the special
tan = Negative P(x, y )
angles.
x

Trigonometry II 154
 sin cos tan
0 0 1 0
1 3 1
30 = 0.5 = 0.866 = 0.5774
2 2 3
1
= 0.7071 1
= 0.7071
45 1
2 2

60 3 1
= 0.5 3 = 1.732
= 0.866
2 2
90 1 0 undefined or
180 0 1 0 F
O

9
270 1 0 undefined or R

CHAPTER
M
360 0 1 0
4
3 The values of sine, cosine and tangent of special angles are shown in the following diagrams.
(a) (c)
30 30 sin 90 = 1
2 2
cos 90 = 0
3
60 60
tan 90 =
1 1 sin 0 = 0
90 1
3 cos 0 = 1

1
sin 30 = sin 60 =
2 2 sin 180 = 0 tan 0 = 0
1 1
3 1 cos 180 = 1 180 O 0/360
cos 30 = cos 60 = tan 180 = 0 sin 360 = 0
2 2
1 270 1 cos 360 = 1
tan 30 = tan 60 = 3
3 tan 360 = 0

sin 270 = 1
(b) 1 cos 270 = 0
45 sin 45 = tan 270 =
2
1 2
45 1
cos 45 =
1
2
tan 45 = 1

5
Find the values of the following. (b) 3 sin 270 + 4 cos 180
(a) 4 sin 90 2 cos 60 = 3(1) + 4(1)
(b) 3 sin 270 + 4 cos 180 = 3 4
(c) 2 tan 45 3 sin 30 = 7
(d) 3 tan 60 + 2 cos 360 (c) 2 tan 45 3 sin 30
Solution = 2(1) 3(0.5)
(a) 4 sin 90 2 cos 60 = 2 1.5
= 4(1) 21 = 0.5
2 (d) 3 tan 60 + 2 cos 360
=41
= 3 = 3(1.732) + 2(1)
= 5.196 + 2
= 7.196
Try: Question 5, Self Assess 9.1.

155 Trigonometry II
 6

State the values of in each of the following for (b) cos = 1

0 360. = 180 cos 180 = 1
(a) sin = 0 (b) cos = 1 (c) tan = 0
(c) tan = 0 tan 0 = 0
Solution tan 180 = 0
= 0, 180 and 360
(a) sin = 0 sin 0 = 0 tan 360 = 0
sin 180 = 0
= 0, 180 and 360
sin 360 = 0

Try: Question 6, Self Assess 9.1.

F
O
9.1f Corresponding Angles
9

R
CHAPTER

M
1 Angles in quadrants II, III and IV have corresponding angles in quadrant I which are the acute
4 angles corresponding to them. The corresponding angles are known as basic angles.
2 The table below shows the corresponding angle, , in quadrant I which corresponds to the angle
in quadrants II, III or IV.

Value of angle Quadrant Value of corresponding angle in quadrant I Diagram

90 180 II = 180 y
P

x
O

180 270 III = 180 y

x
O

270 360 IV = 360 y

x
O

7
Determine the value of the angle in quadrant I which (b) 200 lies in quadrant III. y
corresponds to the value of each of the following The corresponding angle in
200
angles. quadrant I x
(a) 145 (b) 200 (c) 325 = 200 180 20 O

= 20
Solution
(a) 145 lies in quadrant II. y
y
The corresponding angle (c) 325 lies in quadrant IV.
in quadrant I 145 The corresponding angle in
= 180 145 35
x quadrant I x
O O 35
= 35 = 360 325 325
= 35
Try: Question 7, Self Assess 9.1.

Trigonometry II 156
 9.1g Relationship between Step 2:
Trigonometric Ratios of Determine the values of the corresponding
Corresponding Angles angles to in quadrant I and find the values
of sin , cos and tan .
1 y
2 In quadrant II, where 90 180,
90
sine (+) All (+)
sin = sin (180 )
180 180 0 cos = cos (180 )
x
180 360 360 tan = tan (180 )
tangent (+) cosine (+)
In quadrant III, where 180 270,
270 F
O
sin = sin ( 180)

9
The chart shows the operations of for R
cos = cos ( 180)

CHAPTER
0 360. M
tan = tan ( 180)
For 90 360, the following steps are
4
used to state the relationship between
sin , cos and tan and their corresponding In quadrant IV, where 270 360,
angles, and to determine their values.
sin = sin (360 )
Step 1:
cos = cos (360 )
Determine the quadrant where is in and
tan = tan (360 )
determine the signs of the values of sin , cos
and tan .

8
State the relationship between Since 225 is in quadrant III,
(a) sin 136, cos 225 is negative.
(b) cos 225, = 225, cos 225 = cos (225 180)
(c) tan 320, = cos 45
and their respective values of corresponding angles cos 225 = 0.7071
in quadrant I. Then find their values. (c)
y
Solution
(a) y
320
x asic angle in
sine (+) 40 B
O
asic angle in
B quadrant IV
quadrant II 136 tangent ()
44
x
O
Since 320 is in quadrant IV,
Since 136 is in quadrant II, tan 320 is negative.
sin 136 is positive. = 320, tan 320 = tan (360 320)
= 136, sin 136 = sin (180 136) = tan 40
= sin 44 tan 320 = 0.8391
sin 136 = 0.6947
(b) y

asic angle in 225

B
x
quadrant III 45 O

cosine ()

Try: Question 8, Self Assess 9.1.

157 Trigonometry II
 9
Find the value of each of the following using a (b) 4 tan 320 + 5 sin 198
calculator. = 4(0.8391) + 5(0.3090)
(a) 3 cos 142 4 sin 278 = 3.3564 1.5450
(b) 4 tan 320 + 5 sin 198 = 4.9014
(c) 7 cos 223 8 tan 335
Press (c) 7 cos 223 8 tan 335
Solution cos 142 = = 1.3890
Display: 0.788010753

Students can also obtain the answer
(a) 3 cos 142 4 sin 278 directly by pressing:
= 3(0.7880) 4(0.9903) P ress 7 cos 223
F = 2.3640 + 3.9612 sin 278 = 8 tan 335 =
O = 1.5972 Display: 0.990268068 Display: 1.389014646
9

R
Try: Question 9, Self Assess 9.1.
CHAPTER

4 9.1h Finding the Angles between 0 (b) Draw a chart of four quadrants to determine
and 360 Given Values of sin , the possible quadrant in which can be
cos or tan found, based on the sign (+ or ) of the value
of sin , cos
If the value of sin , cos or tan is given and or tan . S A
0 360, the value of can be found using
T C
the following steps.
(a) Find the basic angle in quadrant I which (c) Find the values of in the right quadrants
corresponds to . found in (b).

10
(a) Given that sin = 0.6025 and 90 180, cos = 0.6025
When finding basic angle
Basic = 52.95 using a calculator, do not
find the value of .
press the () sign.
(b) Given that cos = 0.6025 and = 180 + 52.95
180 270, find the value of . = 232.95 1 80 270
(c) Given that tan = 1.732 and 0 360,
(c)
find the values of . 90
S A
Solution
90 1
60
(a) S A 180 0/360
60
2
C
37.05 T
180 0/360
270
T C
Press tan = 1.732 is negative
tan
SHIFT sin1
sin = 0.6025 Basic = 60 in quadrant II and
0.6025 = quadrant IV.
Basic = 37.05 1 = 180 60
Display: 37.04915756
= 180 37.05 = 120
= 142.95 9 0 180 2 = 360 60
= 300 0 360
(b) 90
S A = 120 and 300

180 0/360
52.95
T C

270
Try: Questions 10 14, Self Assess 9.1.

Trigonometry II 158
 1
SPM
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08

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

5 PQ 5
Given that tan = , where 180 < < 360, sin = =
12 OQ 13
find the value of sin .
12 5 is positive in the
tan
A C
13 13 third quadrant. y
5 12
B D P 12

13 13 x
O
5
Solution 13 F
In OPQ, OQ = (5)2 + (12)2 Q(12, 5) O

9
R
= 13 Answer: B

CHAPTER
M

9.1i Solving Problems

In examinations, students can give their answers of The knowledge of trigonometric ratios is used to
angles in only degrees (correct to at least 1 decimal solve problems in daily life.
place) or in degrees and minutes.

2
SPM
Clone
07

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

CG 16 4
In the diagram, ABCD and EDF are straight lines. sin x = = =
4 BG BG 5
It is given that sin x = , CG = 16 cm, 4BG = 80
5
BG = 20 cm
CD = 38 cm and DE = 48 cm.
G BC = 202 162
= 12 cm
x y F BD = BC + CD
A B C D = 12 + 38
= 50 cm
E BE = BD2 ED2
Find the value of tan y. = 502 482
24 7 = 14 cm
A C
25 24
7 24 BE
B D tan y =
24 25 DE
14
Solution =
G
48
7
=
16 cm 24
x y F
38 cm
D Answer: B
A B C
Since y is an obtuse angle
48 cm (in the second quadrant),
tan y is negative.
E

159 Trigonometry II
 3
SPM
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06

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

In the diagram, Q is the midpoint of the straight Solution

line PQR. QR = 7 cm
14 cm In QRS, RS 2 = 252 72
P Q R
= 576 Since 90 x 180
x RS = 24 cm (in quadrant II), tan x
is negative.
25 cm
tan x = tan RQS RQS is the basic angle
S RS which corresponds to
Find the value of tan x. =
F QR the angle x.
O 24 24 24
A C =
9

R 25 7 7
CHAPTER

M 24 24
B D Answer: C
25 7
4

4
SPM SPM
5
SPM
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04 11 09

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

D In the diagram, ABCD is a parallelogram and

25 cm CDE is a straight line.
y E D
x C
A B C

In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. Given that

7 1 find the length of AC,
sin x = and tan y = , A B
25 2
in cm. 3
Given tan ADE = , find the value of cos
A 14 C 38 4
ABC.
B 24 D 52 3 3
A C
Solution 5 5
4 4
I 7
n BCD, sin x = Given B D
5 5
25
7
BD = Solution
25 25 3 4
E D
BD = 7 cm In ADE, tan ADE =
4
BC 2 = DC 2 BD 2 AE 3 3
= 252 72 =
DE 4
= 576 A
BC = 24 cm AE = 3, DE = 4
AD = 32 + 42 = 5
I 1 Given
n ABD, tan y =
2 4
cos ADC = cos ADE =
7 1 5
=
AB 2 4
cos ABC = cos ADC =
AB = 14 cm 5
AC = AB + BC
Since ABCD is a parallelogram,
= 14 cm + 24 cm
= 38 cm ABC = ADC.

Answer: C Answer: D

Trigonometry II 160
 11
T Since TQ = 12 cm, TS = SQ = 6 cm
In SQR, using the Pythagoras Theorem,
SR = 62 + 82
15 cm
S
= 100
= 10 cm
R x Since 270 x 360
P 9 cm Q 8 cm
(in quadrant IV), sin x is
In the above diagram, PQR and TSQ are straight sin x = sin SRQ negative.

lines. Given that PQ = 9 cm, PT = 15 cm, SQ

=
QR = 8 cm and TS = SQ, find the value of sin x. SR SRQ is the basic angle which F
corresponds to the angle x. O
Solution
6
=

9
10 R
In PQT, using the Pythagoras Theorem,

CHAPTER
M
TQ = 152 92
= 3
5 4
= 225 81
= 144
= 12 cm

Try: Questions 15 17, Self Assess 9.1.

9.1
1 (a) (c)
y y The diagram shows a unit circle. Four points P,
1 P 1
Q, R and S are marked on the circumference of
the unit circle. Determine
20
(a) the y-coordinate,
x x
1 O 1 1 76 O 1 (b) the x-coordinate,
(c) the ratio of the y-coordinate to the
1 P 1 x-coordinate of each point.

(b) y (d) y 3 y

1 1 1
P
65
x x
1 O 1 1 O 58 1
75
48
P
1 1 22
x
O 1
Each of the above diagram shows a unit circle.
Determine The diagram shows quadrant I of the unit
(i) the quadrant in which the angle between circle. Use the diagram to determine the values
the radius OP and the positive x-axis lies, of the following.
(ii) the angle between the radius OP and the (a) sin 22 (d) sin 48 (g) sin 75
positive x-axis. (b) cos 22 (e) cos 48 (h) cos 75
(c) tan 22 (f) tan 48 (i) tan 75
2 y
Q (0.3, 0.95) 4 Determine whether the value of each of the
P (0.8, 0.6) following is positive or negative.
x
(a) sin 80 (e) cos 165 (i) tan 312
O (b) sin 150 (f) cos 72 (j) tan 292
S(0.65, 0.76)
(c) sin 230 (g) cos 240 (k) tan 162
R (0.4, 0.92)
(d) sin 335 (h) cos 290 (l) tan 76

161 Trigonometry II
 5 Find the value of each of the following. (g) cos 182 + 2 tan 228
(a) 6 sin 30 45 cos 90 + 2 tan 180 (h) 3 tan 346 4 cos 303
(b) 10 cos 0 5 sin 90 (i) 2 cos 114 3 tan 145
(c) 2 sin 45 + tan 45
(d) 6 cos 60 2 tan 45 10 Given that 0 x 360, find the values of x
(e) 5 tan 360 2 sin 270 + cos 30 for each of the following.
(f) 4 sin 180 + 6 tan 90 (a) sin x = 0.5621
(g) 4 sin 270 sin 90 3 sin 180 (b) sin x = 0.6481
(h) 5 sin 0 + 6 sin 90 (c) cos x = 0.5120
(i) cos 90 + 3 cos 180 + 4 cos 270 (d) cos x = 0.9650
(j) 4 cos 90 + 7 cos 360 (e) tan x = 0.4163
F (k) 2 tan 45 + 4 tan 180 + 7 tan 360 (f) tan x = 0.8421
O (l) 4 tan 45 7 tan 180
9

R
6 State the value(s) of x in each of the following 11 (a) Given that sin y = 0.3272 and
CHAPTER

M
for 0 x 360. 90 y 180, find the value of y.
4 (a) sin x = 0 (c) cos x = 1 (e) tan x = 0 (b) Given that sin y = 0.9532 and
(b) sin x = 1 (d) cos x = 1 (f) tan x = 1 180 y 270, find the value of y.

7 Complete the table below for the 12 (a) Given that cos y = 0.6198 and
corresponding angles. 0 y 180, find the value of y.
(b) Given that cos y = 0.7638 and
Quadrant Quadrant Quadrant Quadrant 180 y 360, find the value of y.
I II III IV
100 260 280 13 (a) Given that tan y = 0.6346 and
0 y 90, find the value of y.
108 (b) Given that tan y = 0.6176 and
180 y 360, find the value of y.
244
309 14 Given that 0 360, find the values of
for each of the following.
223
(a) sin = sin 72
144 (b) sin = sin 31
(c) cos = cos 34
209 (d) cos = cos 67
350 (e) tan = tan 85
(f) tan = tan 43

8 State the relationship between the values
of sine, cosine and tangent below and their 15
respective values of corresponding angles in P
quadrant I. Then find their values. 17 cm
(a) sin 98 (d) sin 203 (g) sin 300
(b) cos 116 (e) cos 242 (h) cos 326 48
(c) tan 153 (f) tan 260 (i) tan 348 Q R S T

9 Find the value of each of the following.

(a) 3 sin 218 4 cos 136 In the diagram, QRST is a straight line.
(b) cos 315 2 sin 196 Calculate
(c) sin 100 + 2 cos 280 (a) the length of PR,
(d) 5 sin 94 + 3 tan 284 (b) the length of RS,
(e) 4 tan 239 2 sin 341 (c) the length of PQ,
(f) sin 226 3 tan 333 (d) the value of cos PST.

Trigonometry II 162
 16 17 E
C
F 60
B
12 cm
11 cm 10 cm
13 cm
5.74 cm
A D
A B 4 cm C D
In the diagram, ABC is a straight line. Calculate In the diagram, ABCD is a straight line.
the values of Calculate
(a) tan BDC, (c) sin CAD, (a) the length of EF,
(b) cos ABD, (d) tan . (b) CDF,
(c) ABF.
F
O

9
R
(d) The value of sin x = 0 when x = 0, 180
9.2

CHAPTER
M
Graphs of Sine, Cosine and 360.
and Tangent Try: Questions 1 2, Self Assess 9.2.
4

The graphs of sine, cosine and tangent can be 2 y = cos x, 0 x 360

drawn based on the information about special
y
angles of the unit circle.
sin 90 = 1 1
cos 90 = 0
tan 90 =
1 90 sin 0 = 0 x
cos 0 = 1 0 90 180 270 360 cos 90 = 0
sin 180 = 0 tan 0 = 0
0 1 90
cos 180 = 1 180 1
tan 180 = 0 1 1 360
sin 360 = 0 0 cos 0 = 1
cos 360 = 1 cos 180 = 1 180
270 1 1 360 cos 360 = 1
tan 360 = 0
sin 270 = 1
cos 270 = 0 270 1
tan 270 = cos 270 = 0

(a) The graph of y = cos x is in the form of a

9.2a Drawing and Comparing Graphs wave which is continuous.
of Sine, Cosine and Tangent (b) The maximum value of the cosine graph is
1 when x = 0 and 360.
1 y = sin x, 0 x 360 (c) The minimum value of the cosine graph is
y 1 when x = 180.
(d) The value of cos x = 0 when x = 90 and
1
270.
x Try: Questions 3 4, Self Assess 9.2.
0 90 180 270 360 sin 90 = 1
1 90
1 3 y = tan x, 0 x 360
0 y
sin 180 = 0 180 sin 0 = 0
1 360 sin 360 = 0

270 1
sin 270 = 1 x
0 90 180 270 360 tan 90 =
(a) The graph of y = sin x is in the form of a 1 90
wave which is continuous.
(b) The maximum value of the sine graph is tan 180 = 0 180 0 tan 0 = 0
1 360 tan 360 = 0
1 when x = 90.
(c) The minimum value of the sine graph is 270 1
1 when x = 270. tan 270 =

163 Trigonometry II
 (a) The graph of y = tan x is not continuous at (d) The value of sin 2x = 0 when x = 0, 90,
x = 90 and 270. 180, 270 and 360.
(b) The graph of y = tan x has no maximum or
6 y = cos 2x, 0 x 360
minimum value.
(c) The values of y = tan x range from to . y

(d) The value of tan x = 0 when x = 0, 180 1

and 360.
Try: Questions 5 6, Self Assess 9.2. x
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
4 y
1
1 y = cos x
0.7071 (a) The graph of y = cos 2x is in the form of a
F 225
x wave which is continuous.
O 0 4590 180 270 360
(b) The maximum value of the cosine graph is
9

R
0.7071 1 when x = 0, 180 and 360.
CHAPTER

M 1 y = sin x
(c) The minimum value of the cosine graph is
4 When the graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x 1 when x = 90 and 270.
intersect at two points (45, 0.7071) and (d) The value of cos 2x = 0 when x = 45,
(225, 0.7071), sin x = cos x = 0.7071 and 135, 225 and 315.
0.7071, when x = 45 and 225 respectively.
Try: Questions 7 8, Self Assess 9.2. 7 y = tan 2x, 0 x 360
y
5 y = sin 2x, 0 x 360
y

1 x
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360

x
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
(a) The graph of y = tan 2x is not continuous
1 at 45, 135, 225 and 315.
(a) The graph of y = sin 2x is in the form of a (b) The graph of y = tan 2x has no maximum
wave which is continuous. or minimum value.
(b) The maximum value of the sine graph is (c) The values of y = tan 2x range from
1 when x = 45 and 225. to .
(c) The minimum value of the sine graph is (d) The value of tan 2x = 0 when x = 0, 90,
1 when x = 135 and 315. 180, 270 and 360.

6
SPM
Clone
06

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

Which of the following graphs represents Solution

y = cos x for 0 x 180? The information about special angles of the unit
A y C y
circle is used to draw the graph of y = cos x for
1 1 0 x 180.
0 x 0 x cos 90 = 0
90 180 90 180 y
90
1 1
1
cos 180 = 1 cos 0 = 1
y y
B D 180 0 0
90 180
x
1 1
1
0 x 0 x
90 180 90 180
1 1 Answer: C

Trigonometry II 164
 7
SPM SPM
Clone Clone
04 08

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

Which of the following represents the graph of Solution

y = tan x for 0 < x < 180? The information about special angles of the unit
A y C y circle is used to draw the graph of y = tan x for
0 < x < 180.
x y
0 x tan 90 =
90 180 0 90 180
90

B y D y tan 180 = 0 tan 0 = 0

x
180 0 0 90 180 F
O

9
x x R
0 0 90 180

CHAPTER
90 180 M
Answer: C
4

8
SPM SPM
Clone Clone
05 09

Paper 1/ Compulsory question/ 1 mark

Which of the following graphs represents Solution

y = sin x for 0 < x < 270? For the graph y = sin x, 0 < x < 270:
A C (a) The maximum value of sin x is 1 when
y y x = 90.
1 1 (b) The minimum value of sin x is 1 when
x = 270.
x x (c) When sin x = 0, x = 0 and 180.
0 0 90 180 270
90 180 270
Answer: C
1 1

B D
y y

x x
0 90 180 270 0 90 180 270

9.2b Solving Problems

The graphs of sine, cosine and tangent are very useful in solving problems involving periodic movements
or changes.

12
The Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia has the highest tides
in the world. In one 12-hour period, the water starts at
the mean sea level, rises to 7 metres above, drops to 7
metres below, then returns to the mean sea level.
(a) Sketch a graph that shows the level of the tides
over a 12-hour period.
(b) What trigonometric function does the graph
represent?
(c) At what hours are the tides at the mean sea level?
(d) How many hours do the tides take to reach the
maximum height?

165 Trigonometry II
 Solution
(a) Height (metre) (b) Graph of sine
7
(c) At 0, 6 and 12 hours.
(d) 3 hours
Time
0 3 6 9 12 (hour)

Try: Questions 9 10, Self Assess 9.2.

F 9.2
O (b) the values of sin x when sin x = cos x.
1 Sketch the graph of y = sin x for 0 x 360.
9

R
CHAPTER

M 2 y 8 y
p y = sin x y = cos x
4 1

r x
x 0 r 360
0 q 360
1
(p, q)
1
From the above graph of y = sin x, determine From the above diagram, state the value of p, of
the value of p, of q and of r. q and of r.

3 Sketch the graph of y = cos x for 0 x 180. 9 P

4 y

p Y X
O Q

x
0 q r 360
1 In the diagram, O is the centre of a circle of
radius 10 cm. A particle P moves from X in an
From the above graph of y = cos x, determine
anticlockwise direction on the circumference
the value of p, of q and of r.
of the circle at a constant speed. It takes twelve
5 Sketch the graph of y = tan x for 0 x 360. seconds to complete a circle. Meanwhile, a
second particle Q moves along the diameter
6 y
XY. PQ is always perpendicular to XY. The
diagram shows the positions of P and Q two
1
seconds after they have started to move from X.
135
0 p q r 360
x (a) Calculate POQ.
(b) Calculate the time taken, in seconds, when
1
Q is back at the same position, as shown in
From the graph of y = tan x, determine the the diagram.
value of p of q and of r. x
10 The straight line y = and the graphs of
7 y 360
y = sin x and y = cos x are drawn on the same
1 y = cos x
axes for 0 x 360. State the number of
times
x
0 90 180 270 360 (a) the graph of y = cos x cuts the x-axis,
(b) the graph of y = sin x intersects the graph
1 y = sin x of y = cos x,
The above diagram shows the graphs of (c) the graph of y = sin x intersects the straight
y = sin x and y = cos x for 0 x 360. State x
line y = .
(a) the values of x when cos x = 0, 360

Trigonometry II 166
 9
Paper 1 Multiple-choice Questions
I cos p = sin r 12 In the diagram, ABC is a straight
9.1 Values of Sine, Cosine II tan q = 1 line.
and Tangent of an Angle III cos p = 0.866
1 Which of the following angles is A III only A D
B I and II only B
not in the third quadrant? F
A 188 C 265 C I and III only O

9
B 217 D 278 D I, II and III C R

CHAPTER
7 find M
Given that sin DBA = ,
2 The diagram shown is a circle of 5 Given that sin p = 0.9397 and 25
radius 1 unit with centre (0, 0). 180 p 270, find the value the value of cos DBA. 4
of p. 24 7
y A C
A 190 C 240 25 25
A (0, 1) B 220 D 250 7
B 24
D
Q ( 0.866, 0.5) 25 25
6 Given that cos q = 0.6428 and
x
B (1, 0) O 270 q 360, find the value 13 In the diagram, HIJ is a straight
of q. line and JI = 12 cm.
A 280 C 330
K
B 310 D 350
Find the value of tan .
A 0.866 C 0.5 7 Given that tan r = 1.4281 and 60
B 0.577 D 1.732 0 r 360, the values of r are J I H
A 55 and 110 C 125 and 305
3 The diagram shown is a circle of B 110 and 220 D 220 and 305 Find the length, in cm, of KJ.
radius 1 unit with centre O. A 24 C 8
y 8 Given that cos x = cos 25 and B 12 D 6
90 x 360, find the value
P(0.707, 0.707) of x. 4
14 In the diagram, cos KJM = .
Q(0.866, 0.5)
A 115 5
x B 155
O M 7 cm L
C 205
R( 0.6, 0.8) S(0.6, 0.8) D 335
Which of the following sides is 9 Given that sin y = sin 63 and
the hypotenuse of an isosceles 90 y 270, find the value
J 32 cm K
triangle? of y.
A OS C OQ A 63 The length of KL, in cm, is
B OR D OP B 117 A 8 C 25
C 243 B 24 D 40
4 In the diagram, A, B and C are D 257
three points on the circumference
15 In the diagram, PQR is a straight
of a quadrant. 10 3 cos 90 4 sin 180 + 5 tan 45 line.
y 2 sin 270 =
S
A 0 C 5
A ( 0.5, 0.866) 1
B ( 0.707, 0.707) B 2 D 7 80
p
C (0.866, 0.5) q y
11 sin 250 + cos 250 + tan 250 =
r P Q R
A sin 70 + cos 70 + tan 70
x
O B sin 70 cos 70 + tan 70 Find the value of cos y.
Which of the following statements C sin 70 cos 70 tan 70 A 0.1736 C 0.1736
is true about the diagram? D sin 70 cos 70 + tan 70 B 0.6428 D 0.6428

167 Trigonometry II
 16 In the diagram, PQRS is a rectangle. 19 In the diagram, ADC is a straight 13
line. A
P T S 11
C 11
x B
E 13
9 cm D 9 cm
11
6 cm C
13
Q 80 cm R A B
4 13
Given that PT = TS, find the value Given that tan EAD = and D
3 11
of cos x. 9

sin CAB = , find the length
41
40 of DC.
A
41 A 40 cm C 30 cm
9 B 32 cm D 26 cm 23 In the diagram, ABCD is a straight
B
F 41 Clone line and B is the midpoint of AC.
SPM

O 40 20 In the diagram, ABC is a straight 03

C F
9

R 41 line.
10 cm
CHAPTER

M 9 6 cm
D C 5 cm B A
41 C
D
4 A B x
5 cm
13 cm
17 In the diagram, ACD is a straight
E
line.
A
D Find the value of tan x.

Find the value of tan ABD. 3 3
A C
8 cm 12 4 4
A
5 4 4
B D
B C 5 3 3
E B
12
4 cm 24 In the diagram, ABC is a straight
5
C Clone line.
SPM

D 12 04
1 the 12 D
Given that cos ADE = , D
5 5 6 cm
value of sin ACB is
21 In the diagram, JKL is a straight A y
4
A 10 cm
5
line and sin MJK = . 4 B
C
3 5
B
5 M 12 cm L The value of cos y is
2 3 3
C K A C
5 5 4

1 4 4
D B D
5 J 5 3

The value of tan MKL is
18 In the diagram, JKL is a straight 3 3 25 In the diagram, ABC and BDE are
A C
line. 4 4 SPM
straight lines.
Clone
3 3 04
B D 11 A
L K J 5 5

22 In the diagram, DEF is a straight

15 cm y
line. B E
D
F x 10 cm
H 8 cm I
2 cm C
3 the
Given that tan LHI = , x E
2 3 tan y =
2
value of sin LIK is Given that cos x = ,
5 3
4 3 and AC = 18 cm, find the length, in
A C
5 4 cm, of DE.
C 13 cm D
3 2 A 8 C 12
B D
5 3 Given that tan DCF = 1, tan x = B 10 D 18

Trigonometry II 168
 26 Given that sin = 0.7071 and 30 In the diagram below, O is the
A
15

SPM 90 270, find the value SPM origin and POR is a straight line on 17
Clone Clone

05 of . 07 a Cartesian plane. 8
B
A 135 C 225 17
y
B 145 D 245 8
C
P 17
O 15
27 In the diagram, PQR is a straight x
D
SPM line. 17
Clone
05 R(12, 5)
P 24 cm S 34 In the diagram, point R and point
SPM S lie on the arc of a unit circle with
Clone
7 cm The value of cos is 10 centre O.
Q 12 5
A C
x F
13 13 y
O
5 12

9
R B D 1 S(0.51, 0.86) R
13 13

CHAPTER
R(0.8, 0.6) M
What is the value of cos x?
31 The diagram shows a right-angled y 4
7 7
A C
24 24 SPM triangle ABC.
Clone x
08 x
7 7 O 1
B D
25 25 C
Find the value of sin x + cos y.
28 In the diagram below, S is the A 1.11
p
SPM midpoint of the straight line QST.
B 1.31
Clone
06
C 1.46
12 cm
Q S T B q A D 1.66
x
1
Given that cos = , find the
2
9.2 Graphs of Sine, Cosine
10 cm value of p. and Tangent
q
A
tan 60 35 The diagram shows the graphs of
R B q tan 60 y = cos x and y = sin x for
Find the value of tan x. q 0 x 360.
4 C
A sin 30 y
5 D q sin 30

4 1 y = cos x
B
5 12
4 32 Given that sin x = , where
C 13 x
3 SPM 0 360
Clone 90 < x < 270. Find the value of
08 y = sin x
4 cos x.
D 1
3 5 5 A( , 0.7071)
A C
12 12
29 In the diagram below, ABC and The value of is
BFED are straight lines. 5 5
SPM
Clone B D A 45 C 210
07 13 13
B 135 D 225
A
B p G 33 In the diagram, KLMN is a
36 The diagram shows the graph of
SPM parallelogram and JKL is a straight
F
Clone
y = cos x. The value of p is
09 line.
q y
C E N M
D
1
It is given that BF = 40 cm, GE =
3 x
13 cm, CE = 27 cm and sin p = . 0 p 360
5
Find the value of tan q. 1
J K L
12
A C 5
5 12 8
Given sin NKJ = , find the
5 12 17 A 30 C 60
B D value of cos LMN.
12 5 B 45 D 90

169 Trigonometry II
 37 The diagram shows the graph of A 90 C y
y = sin x. B 180 1
y C 270 180
D 360 0 x
90
1
x 40 Which of the following graphs
0 q Clone represents y = cos 2x?
SPM

05 A D y
y 1
The value of q is
1 x
A 360 0
90 180
B 270 x
0 360
C 180
F 1
D 90
O
42 Which of the following graphs
9

R
B represents y = cos x for
CHAPTER

SPM
M y
Clone
07 0 x 180?
4 38 Which of the following graphs 1 A y
SPM
represents y = sin x?
Clone
1
03 A x
y 0 360 90 180
0 x
1 1

1
x
0 180 360 C y
y B
1
1
1
180
B y 0 x
x 90
0 360
1 1
1
x
0 180 360 y
D C
1 y 1
180
1 0 x
C y
90
1 x 1
0 360
x 1
0 180 360 D y

1 1
41 Which of the following graphs
0 x
D y SPM represents y = sin x for
Clone
90 180
06 0 x 180? 1
1
A
x y 43 Which of the following graphs
0 180 360
Clone represents y = tan x?
SPM
1 08 A
90 180 y
0 x 10

1
39 The diagram shows the graph of 0 360
x

Clone y = tan x. Find the value of p.

SPM

04 B
y y
B y
1
180
x 0 x x
0 p 90 0 360
1

Trigonometry II 170
 C y 44 Which of the following graphs C y
SPM represents the graph of y = sin ?
Clone 1
09 A y
11
x
0 360 1 0 90 180
1

D 0 180 360
y
1 D y

1
0
x B y
360

1 0 180 360
1
F
0 90 180 O

9
1 R

CHAPTER
M

You may refer to

COMPANION WEBSITE
Fully Worked Solutions

Multiple-choice Questions
1 Given that tan = 1.732 and 180
value of .
A 240 C 300
B 260 D 340
2 In the diagram, PQR and QTS are straight lines.
Paper 1 3 4
A C
5 5
3 4
B D
360, find the 4 3
3 The diagram shows the graph of y = tan x for
0 x 360.
y

6 cm Q 12 cm R
P A( , 1)
y
x
T 0
x

Find the value of .

A 200
S
B 215

C 225
Given that tan y = 2 and QS = 3QT, find the value of
D 250
cos x.

171 Trigonometry II
COMPANION WEBSITE
Online Tests