Refinery Process

In chemistry, acid value (or "neutralization number" or "acid number" or "acidity") is the
mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in milligrams that is required to neutralize one gram of
chemical substance.
The mixture known as gasoline or petrol, when used in high compression internal
combustion engines, has a tendency to knock (also called "pinging" or "pinking") and/or to
ignite early before the correctly timed spark occurs (pre-ignition).
Octane number is the ability of resistance of a fuel to knocking in comparison to Iso-octane,
which has octane number 100 and has high anti-knock quality.Better anti-knock quality
allows us to compress the air-fuel mixture to a larger extent before it gets ignited by itself.
This was all for spark-ignition engine, in which mixture of fuel and air is compressed.
when it comes to compression ignition engine, only air is
compressed and fuel is injected into the cylinder. So you can go on compressing as much as
you want. But, when you inject the fuel, it must burn satisfactorily efficiently in the available
time.This means that this time we need a fuel which burns with minimum delay when
injected into the cylinder.
When the fuel enters the cylinder, it needs to be atomized, then mixed with air then its
temperature must be raised, then the chemical reaction of combustion takes its time. All
these times added, is the ignition delay.So Cetane number is a rating that indicates how low
it the ignition delay of the fuel as compared to that of Cetane. The higher the cetane
number, the shorter the ignition delay and the better the ignition quality.