Wavelet Decomposition

*** Genika gia image decomposition: image decomposition means to decompose

the image or to divide, to separate the components of an image.

Wavelet decomposition: it is multilevel 2-D decomposition. Wavelet decomposition

produces a family of hierarchically organized decompositions. The selection of a
suitable level for the hierarchy will depend on the signal and experience. Often the
level is chosen based on a desired low-pass cutoff frequency. At each level j, we build
the j-level approximation and a deviation signal called the j-level detail.

Wavelet transform idea:. The idea of the wavelet transform is to use a family of
functions localized in both time and frequency. It represents an image as a sum of
wavelet functions with different location and scales. Any decomposition of an image
into wavelets involves a pair of waveforms. These represent the high frequencies
corresponding to the detailed parts of an image, called wavelet function. The other
represent low frequencies or smooth parts of an image, called scaling function.

Mother wavelet: Wavelets are generated from one single function (basis function)
called the mother wavelet. Mother wavelet is a prototype for generating the other
window functions. The mother wavelet is scaled by a factor of a and translated by a
factor of b to give:

The function called the mother wavelet is a band-pass filter.

Why prefer Wavelet:

1. An image can be decomposed at different levels of resolution and can be
sequentially processed from low resolution to high resolution using wavelet
decomposition because wavelets are localized in both time (space) and frequency
(space) domains. Hence, it is easy to capture local features in a signal.
2. Wavelet basis supports multi-resolution. With wavelet based decomposition, the
window sizes vary and allow analyzing the signal at different resolution levels.
3. Wavelet transform decomposes an image into various sub-images based on local
frequency content

How wavelet decomposition works: the principle of the wavelet decomposition is to

transform the original raw image into several components with single low-resolution
component called approximation and the other components called details.
The approximation component is obtained after applying a bi-orthogonal low-pass
wavelet in each direction, i.e. horizontal and vertical followed by a sub-sampling of
each image by a factor of two for each dimension.
The details are obtained with the application of low-pass filter in one direction and a
high-pass in the other or a high-pass in both directions.
The images are considered to be matrices with N rows and M columns. At every level
of decomposition the horizontal data is filtered, then the approximation and details
produced from this are filtered on columns. At every level, four sub-images are
obtained the approximation, the vertical detail, the horizontal detail and the
diagonal detail. The next level of decomposition can be obtained by the
decomposition of approximation sub-image.
Examples:

1:level-1 Haar wavelet decomposition of an ultrasound placenta image

2:multilevel decomposition of ultrasound placent image using Haar wavelet

*** Use \cdot for a single vertically centred dot.

Wavelet families: