University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department

First Semester, Fall 2011-2012

Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

Thermodynamics I, ME 203, Solved Problems of Chapter 1

Introduction and Basic Concepts

r r m 1
Force, F = ma , Weight, W = mg , Density, = , Specific volume, v = ,
V

Specjfic gravity, SG = , Specific weight, s = g , Gravity accelerati on, g = 9.807 m / s 2
H O
2

Temperatur e, T ( F ) = 1.8T ( o C ) + 32, and T ( K ) = T ( o C ) + 273, and T ( R ) = T ( o F ) + 460

o

F
Pressure, P = , Pgage = Pabs Patm , Pvac = Patm Pabs
A
V2
Manometer, P = Patm + gh , E = U + m + mgz , m& = AV ,
2

Solve the following Problems

1-2C
Because the Gravitational Potential
Energy, GPE = mgh changes to Kinetic
1
Energy, K .E = mv 2 , and the speed of
2 1 2
mv
bicyclist increases. 2

1-3C
No, because the Thermal Energy cannot transfer
from surrounding air at 25 o C to coffee cup
80 o C 80 o C

25 o C

University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
First Semester, Fall 2011-2012
Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

1-7C: Solution
Constant Velocity, V = 70 km / hr
r r
a = dv / dt = 0
r r
Fnet = ma = 0

1-8
Data: Room dimensions, 6m 6m 8m , air density, = 1.16 kg / m 3
Required: air mass, m
Solution
V = 6 6 8 = 288 m 3
m
= , m = V = 1.16 288 = 334.08 kg
V
W = mg = 334.08 9.807 = 3276.32 N

1-9: Solution
W2 W1 mg 2 mg1
= 0.01 =
W1 mg1
g 2 g1
0.01 = , g1 at z1 = 0, g 2 at z 2 = h
g1
(a b 0) (a bh) bh
0.01 = =
a b0 a
0.01 a 0.01 9.807
h = = = 29539.157 m
b 3.32 10 6

1-10
Data: m = 5 kg , g = 9.807 m / s 2
Required: W in kg f
Solution
Weight, W = mg = 5 9.807 = 49.035 N
= 5 kg f

University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
First Semester, Fall 2011-2012
Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

1-11:
r Solution
r
F mg = ma
r r
F = m(a + g ) = 90 (6 9.807 + 9.807 = 6178 .41 N = 6.18 kN

1-12
Data:
Required:
Solution
Newton' s second law in vertical direction,
r r
Fnet = ma
r
F mg = ma
r
150 5 9.81 = 5 a
r
a = 20.19 m / s 2

1-24C
Data:
Required:
Solution
Isothermal is the constant temperature process, T = C
Isobaric is the constant pressure process, P = C
Isochoric is the constant volume process, V = C

1-32: Solution
T = 37 + 273.15 = 310.15 K

1-33
Data: T = 18 o C
Required: Express in R, K, and o F
Solution
T ( F ) = 1.8T ( C ) + 32
o o

T = 1.8 18 + 32 = 64.4 o F
T = 64.4 + 460 = 524.4 R
T = 18 + 273 = 291 K

University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
First Semester, Fall 2011-2012
Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

1-39C
Pabs = Patm + Pgag

1-44: Solution
35 0.45359 9.807
P = 35 psi = 35 Ib / in 2 = 2
= 241323.857 N / m 2
(2.54 10 )
P = 241.324 kN / m 2 = 241.324 kPa or, 1 psi = 6.894757 kpa
P = 35 6.894757 = 241.316 kPa

1-45
Data: P = 1500 kPa
Required: P in KN , kg
Solution
P = 1500 kPa = 1500 kN / m 2

P = 1500 103 Pa = 15 bar

P = 1500 103 (kg / m.s 2 ) (10 6 m / km) = 1500 9 (kg / km.s 2 )

1-48: Solution
Pa + w gh1 + oil gh2 = P2 + Hg gh3
Pa = 0 + g ( Hg h3 w h1 oil h2 ) = 9.807 (13600 0.46 1000 0.2 850 0.3)
Pa = 56890.407 N / m 2 = 56.89 kPa

1-53
Data: D1 = 8 cm, D2 = 5 cm, P1 = 1050 kPa, P2 = 1400 kPa, m p 0
Required: P3
Solution
Negligable piston mass, m p 0, Fp = 0
Forces Balance in vertical direction,
F1 = F2 + F3 + FP
P1 A1 = P2 A2 + P3 A3 + 0

1050 0.08 2 = 1400 0.05 2 + P3 (0.08 2 0.05 2 )
4 4 4
P3 = 825.64 kPa

University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
First Semester, Fall 2011-2012
Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

1-55: Solution
Negligable piston mass, m p 0, Fp = 0
Forces Balance in vertical direction,
F1 = F2 + F3 + FP
P1 A1 = P2 A2 + P3 A3 + 0

P1 0.12 = 2000 0.04 2 + 700 (0.12 0.04 2 )
4 4 4
P1 = 908 kPa

1-57
Data: Pvac = 15 kPa, Patm = 750 mm Hg , Hg = 13590 kg / m 3
Required: Pabs
Solution
Pabs = Patm Pvac = gh Pvac
Pabs = 13590 9.81 0.750 - 15000 = 84988.425 Pa = 84.988 kPa

University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
First Semester, Fall 2011-2012
Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

1-58
Data: Pgag = 500 kPa, Patm = 94 kPa
Required: Pabs
Solution
Pabs = Patm + Pgag = 500 + 94 = 594 kPa

1-63
Data: m p = 4 kg , A = 35 cm 2 , Fs = 60 N , Patm = 95 kPa
Required: P inside the tank
Solution
Fs F p
Pressure inside the tank, P = Patm + Ps + PP = Patm +
A
+
A
Patm = 95 kPa
60 N
60 10 3 4 9.81 10 3
P = 95 + + = 123.354 kPa
35 10 4 35 10 4

A = 35 cm 2

1-65
Data: P = 80 kPa, = 13600 kg / m 3 = 1000 kg / m 3
Required: h
Solution
P = gh, 80000 = 13600 9.81 h, h = 0.6 m
Pg = 80 kPa
P = gh, 80000 = 1000 9.81 h, h = 8.155 m

h=?

University of Hail, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
First Semester, Fall 2011-2012
Website: http://faculty.uoh.edu.sa/m.mousa

1-67
Data: Patm = 98 kPa, = 850 kg / m 3 , h = 0.6 m
Required: Pabs
Solution
Pabs = Patm + gh = 98 + 850 9.81 0.6 / 1000 = 103 kPa

1-91: Solution
Negligable piston mass, m p 0, Fp = 0
Forces Balance in vertical direction,
F1 = F2 + Fs + F3 + FP
P1 A1 = P2 A2 + kx + P3 A3 + 0

5000 0.08 2 = 10000 0.032 + 8 x + 1000 (0.08 2 0.032 ) + 0
4 4 4
x = 1.718 cm