Tech Beat
Dr. Neil Canter / Contributing Editor
Humpback whales
inspire new wind turbine
technology
The unique design of their flippers enable
a steeper operating angle of the bladeand a
40% performance increase.
T he significant rise in the cost of petroleum oil has increased the search for vi-
able alternative technologies. One option under consideration is wind power.
A wind turbine operates by using the winds energy to spin a shaft that drives an
electricity-producing generator.
Key concepts: Lubrication is a key element in the operation of a wind turbine. One of the
key applications is the bearings contained within the wind turbine gearbox. These
Interest in using wind bearings can be subjected to extremely high torques. At STLEs 2008 Annual Meet-
turbines is growing, but ing & Exhibition in Cleveland, Dr. Larry Viterna of NASA Glenn Research Center
indicated that as wind turbines increase in size and gain more power, the level of
technical improvements
torque increases. He indicated that the gearbox remains the No. 1 challenge in the
to the operating angle of wind turbine industry.
the blade are needed to Bearing manufacturers have developed specifications for the gear oils used.1
boost performance. Included is the need for the gear oil to operate up to five years under extreme con-
ditions such as those encountered in saltwater.
Scientists were inspired One critical aspect of the wind turbine that has not been evaluated until recently
by a unique series of is the blade itself. The operation of wind turbines at low wind speeds must be
upgraded. These speeds are more prevalent under most operating conditions than
bumps called tubercles
high wind speeds.
on the fins of humpback
whales that enable the
45-foot animal to better We obtained an actual flipper from a humpback
maneuver when captur- whale and then constructed one flipper with
ing food.
tubercles and a second flipper without tubercles.
Tubercles affect the flow
of air over the blade Stronger generators and blades can be employed at high wind speeds but are
generating a vortex on ineffective at low wind speeds. The main approach to improving the performance
each side of a specific of the blade at low wind speeds is to increase its angle of attack (the angle that the
blade makes into the incident wind). A recurring problem is that increasing the
tubercle that prevents
angle eventually forces the blade to stall.
air flow from separating Stalling, which is determined by wind speed and direction, is difficult to pre-
and stalling. dict. This results in manufacturers developing blades with limited operating angles
to ensure that stalling is minimized. Unfortunately, this leads to inferior perfor-
mance.