Islami Bisshowkosh Part 02 PDF

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ISBN : 984-06-0955-6
OT*?^ ôoo
iTi^TlfSl^ fera*t^ ^??TtCti*t
Islami Bishwakosh (2nd Volume) (The Encyclopaedia of Islam in Bengali) Edited by the Board of
Editors and published by A. S. M. Omar Ali on behalf of Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Baitul
Mukarrarm, Dhaka-1000. Phone : 9551902 June 2005
web site : www.islamicfoundation-bd.org
E-mail : info@islamicfoundation-bd.org
Price : Tk 590.00 ; US $ 30
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^SRR " j p f k s r p ^
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^!tn:i ii^ f%m c^ff^ sf'^rsi ^v^<^ %rfi:^ Rnf^ t i i ^ 5^ f^gr*rfw '59m^ i
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f^âwt^ ft^t^ I H ^ ^ ^sn?ra !'sm i t s j ^ E n c y c l o p a e d i a - ^ ? = T f miTr f?wm ^ ^ i

Encyclopaedia ^ ^ enkykllos {^^51^ ^ bi4"l<M) Paldela (Pw) ^"^t^ ^#rat ^'f^sm
^tm (?i a t c ^ ^^rfpt ^ firra*t ^Jira^t i ^ ' ^ c ^ ^ ^ i c^sîiSrcîiRs^

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<j<1!^ ^ 1 ^ W ^'l^^ Rl)<1^^ (2f^l1^tW? RsfaC^ (Zl^te^ ^^>I1W (2f% s t ? ^ 1 % ^ t^s(]^
fiftft^ C?tC5H f ^ r ^ T W (SpeUSlppUS, %) '^t >ilRc%l'i3'=1 (v5b-8-v5il.^ 'J. % )

l^'gc^fiReôt#nit tjtt% ^5(1^ I pt^?n^ ?f5^ ^f%iT stt^ ftîw ^cit*i< 1%^ "tfo^ ^??W2t ^ iRiiit^ 1
stifle cm^ I I ^ s i M 1^ s n ^ R c t ^ w P G ^ I * ! ^5m?3T (Marcus Terentlus Varro, ii'Js-ciLH % ) ^^rtft^,

' S R ? ^ , tf'^s, Tpfirs c i S t j | R ) i M , fSf^'s?nft5fjt, f^, ^l^fwt 2 l f ^ t ^ W P ^'itJ ' I ^ r Dlsclpllnarum
Libri IX ^ ft'^::??^ ^ ^^C^ 1 ^st^ 1^^^ D e Farma Phllosophlae Llbri 111 liR^ ^
WWlWtl 'f^^sH Imagines f%rm stPra 1 C^TOT ">l<l'StNI" ' ( f ^ Pliny the Elder {^^-Ho ^.)
Naturalls sTtW '^J^ f ^ t r f S R^SC^ 'SfFotn sf^ ^ ^t^s^ ' ^ ! ^ 1 t*,lc^ *tô si sS,4l$! ^S^Tt '5tOo
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<p|<n'8r3l lî'^c^'t^l^r t ^ 'RHi'TOfinite1
TH^^ w R j W ^ (Seville) Isidore . 4'bo->b'b ' ^ O ^sKt? ?fp Originum sive
Etymologiarum Libri XX slr^ ^-s-^siî^ ^saH-R^lWÎ ^'mr^mtw 1 t ^ ?m|-?!t
^--s^^-sti^ (Tj. ioio'{.) sfics]? "tjmw f^-s^rt f^mni 1 B f ^ ' s ^ n '^m^ w^-.
^-M'*llR>^'-1^-f%mt" 'TtW -"t^ istCQ liWit 1?^!?W ^^C^ I ^ %n (J9b-o-io<^ ^.) ('^.
j9v5<^-io8b-) 1^!?R I C<i%I Vincent of Beauvais ( ^ . i^'JsS %) ^sr^ ?fF5 Bibliotheca
Mundi or Speculum Majus ^ ^"tôTf^ ^ f i ^ ^^fems^ i William Caxton-'fl<t
Myrrour of The World (i8;!.;!.-i8Ji W sfa^ ^sj^ptw <sp('^ ^fiflf!^ t^SlT^ f^^^m^fe i
( S F H a ^ C T ^ ^ s i f t R t ^ Brunetto Latini iîHriiKhS %) XRrt^ mra ^Pm\^ ^ I 5f^rtf^ t 1 % r
Li Livers don Tresor I - .
msiom c w r an:?? ^ Encyclopaedia ' t ^ 'Sft^f^ ^stjsif <)j<i^^ -^t^tr^, ^tm-PP Johann
Heinrlch Alsted {iffb-b--i'!s^^b- <{.)-<^ ^ntt^ ^ R I ? f 5 ^ Encyclopaedia Septemtomis Distincta
1?^^n^pPl^ ?'%ai#^ r a f ^ lR<)f^^ ^too ttc^ I ^wt3??rf<Rt Johann Jacob Hofmann-'fl?

Lexicon Universal {i'b'^'^-i'bb-vs '{.)-ig? ^ W -JTltc^ ttra i
mmfitaW^<|î*fvi4> f^'SC^ iXc^tSs. John Harris { ^ . i'Js'Js'^-i'îJs '{.) ^ Lexicon
Technicum {i'ô8-iHio '^.) i ^tfel^ nq R 3 H R(?)<p ^ ' S C ^ R i I w Ephralm Chambers's Cyclopaedia
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(i'lCib- 1 ^ f ^ ^ ? T O 3 e ^ ifs^ Î'^îw?! - ^ I ^ l a ^ ^ s t f ^ - ^ g ^ (cross reference)
'jRfk^ f?f%^ \l*)i*i^c^ ^ ? . I T ^*(li<^ f^pfg f^^^?;^ <^ ^MS. 1 5 ! ^ f w 1%t % m ^ f e l

^ ^ i f r a - ^ ^c<Mt>i55 Encyclopaedia Britannica ( i H - J s t r - i ' i ' i C i %, si^m -î^t '^Q)
' R C g ^ ^ ^ I f^f^ f^tt^Nft5 Encyclopaedia of Religion and Etiiics, 12 vols. & Index, ed.
James Hastings ; Oxford Companion to English Literature, ed. Paul Harvey;
Encyclopaedia of World Art, e. Massimo Pallotlon; Encyclopaedia of the Social
Sciences, 15 vols., ed. Edwin R. A. Sellgman; Encyclopaedia of World Politics, ed. Walter
Theimer; Pears Medical Encyclopaedia, ed. J.A.C Brown; The Universal Encyclopaedia
of Mathematics with Foreword by Jamesdla R. Newman; Larouse Encyclopaedia of
World Geography; Larouse Encyclopaedia of Earth, of Astronomy, of Pre-Hlstorlc and
Ancient Art, of Byzantine and Medieval Art, of Renaissance and Baroque Art, of Ancient
and Medieval History, of Modem History, of Mythology f^C*W t f ^ ^ ^RfiRT i
i ^ - T p ^ -"tvoc^ f^f%^ f^TO ^rraft ft'sc^ (îrîii^'s'T-'sft 'î(<*i> snvsî'îvo - o ^ u ^ j ^ ) ^ s n ^

^ I ^Jl^-ilvil ' t H I ^ ^ fSf^sTi^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ *ilMRiijl 'sttit-inft (êi f^./ir!s(j- ^^t.-îo f|./s>ê %) 1%^'^^-
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(iif^*nc^) "^rf ^ I <MC'iN<ii'^ ^ ^ '5n^"5ti^ ^ '^sn^ i i t ^ (^scj- f|.Arô ^.-^br f|./j>8o '^.)
sfR^^ 'Ttw ^TN^f w ^ I t?,ic <pRî, ^ 'spTs.^ratw, tR>î>i i R r ? . ^ ? ^ >ijvi>i f w ? t ^ i i K f ^
T f H ! ^ ^-"W^ ^ f H ^ " ^ - ^ - ^ ^ - ' F t ^ {^ho f^./b-'l '(.-b- K/hdo ^.)

' % - 7 n ^ V f . ' ^ " 7 ^ >i^fii^ Tifsfl^cf f ^ ' i i ^ 1 w H - R v 5 3 i w titi t ^ ? # ' ^ - - ^ - M ' # i ^ 5 f w r , s^mrpfn, ^ i w i R ^ i H , ^sjRfwf, ^*mf%^ f ^ ,
'#i^'(.>SHifi'*i*rta '^^jlfi Riik f^^stc^ I f^;rt^ftt%^f^ra ? # <j-^1^ Î^<p|fl 'wll l i R r ? . (j-o f|./c>>!ji^
w H - s % ?5^->it?:5 ^?:^%o I t<ic^ "S^'ntiT ^ t^'W" ^ ^ T i f f ^-=#1^ ( ^ . i r e f | . / s s > e '^.) "R'^R>i
5 ^ f^w^ f^'^r^ I î- ' R t Q lilt i N ^ t T f ^ a f ^ ^ t c 5 ^ ' T O T #^gf^ w ^srmft <tR'>o|y ^ ^?.WT%
4.t?ii!^=i 'spm ^ t > R i ^ *i,'siMwt) # ^ ^jiR>i^ RiRvs t ^ e f ' r i p ^ s i l ^ i t i c s ^ I m'i^ sm m i\r^ %
\oe,^^n?r ^fSW mu?^ '*M ^ I W I H I i1%lc^ I t5H.IWM?ji?^ M i^c^ acjR ^sîtH ^?.WT^ i
i t r s > ( ? s r f e B i T î:^ Van Vloten ^ ^^m;;^ I
^^tWR ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ ' ^ (^. 8 i 8 f^./io^ 's(.) "^-^ps-HlJilvs" f?WlW f^-^S.^
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\<m<> R'SOT^ '^J^ 1 5 t ? ^ iirb^b "^'j'siSfi:;^ (Laipzig) ^nt ^ i c^îa? "^'WI^'Î-îiRT"
Margoliouth ?5fitt!5 sWf*!^ ^ I t^'^l-t^-sp^ {<tb\r %/î.8\r %) ^ST^ '1%^ t^RfU'^-'^^
f^'TTtf^^trnW^ ^ 1 ^ - - - ^ - ^ (eob-f^./iCôi J.-v!5lf^./iC^18 J.) Ut^5iTW CiStJlR>RiS3|^ % ^ I Ît^

^mtus^ T[9tf^^ I ik ^sitcff^ -sMntus laMt f^!:?^f ^!:?^ i ^ cm\^\<M^ R w
Pra ^ m wftî^'^lH^SNFSTTFF ^ - ^ ? i T ? r f t (Tj. I f^./ii'(.) t w ? ? v(|sicj<^ 'JTRMRSRT ^^mni^
(8) ^ne, (g?Tt ^srn^rt^^rm)(*) t f ^ ^ i *ti^rg^ ^-siM ^-RNIR " t i l i ^ {bov î.^^ %-<b\ri
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15(31% vsim-iitfft ( i 8 8 - i 8 o 8 >fl^ fift^ ^ ' f l C ^ ( f t ^ ^M^'ST-^-mt^CRlH) O^RÎC^M I
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>^ srf^ra'Si 3S,>i!5i%, 51"*rw ÎWlbHl ftfR^ I

<[^?^ ^ - K ^ ( iCl8 1^./iViJi> '(.-ioo f^./ib-ly ^.) ^ e , ^ 3Tl%r ^ - ^ 5 ^ f^./iV81 ''[.-iOoi
f^./iVb-8 ^.) t^t tf^^ iJi>oo <[. ^smra "rnt^l^'^-^'Îlll^"
^5t1?[% i i W t # f^C4l/:*i^ ^ 'v5î||R?l!'
1% I tC? ?I#t ^yp*tt*Fn? ^ st^'=f ^^PCg^ I R?,^ Î^l-^t^ S[5:'Wt ^^Flfk
'Q?rt^ ">iit^lv5 'sft'îR*^ " T ^ ' o ' i - ^ o w n ^ Iî^ttf^ ^*n?'=f "R^^c^ '^5^ '^j^ I'Sj^^ftfe
?t??n ^rc ^ÔRs^tP t ^ ' ^ C ^ emPt^ <it?lli^, I ^\9\WW tli^ WR<*J (Felix 'RiiJl^l?llO'^'Carey)
t^^Î^TCT? ^ "t^ ^^ca^ 12tm ''fa (*ttf!?^ s Anatomy) iViSi> i *IC^H^ t (^f^tia) ivcî
% CW^tft ^ 2Wf^ ^ I m ?5pt Indian National Libraiy-C^ 'Sî. f t # 5 I tea? ^ 4Pi<MM>t
'tf?^ ft^tn:? ^l?f^ ^ 5 I L R 5 1 ? t ? = T r a 2tlf R'SC^ ?r5fwt? tT ^^C?^ i Encyclopaedia
Bengalensis ?t RHJl<l>!f f^'SC^ ^ 5 5 ^ ?s?SH i3n:?^ ^ ^^^tm^ffsiJlTl i ar?^
stjliviFo, stsm ^ n ; ? ''fa 1?R*(, 2tm ^ n ; 8< ''fa c?tOT tR'^ll, C}.? M; >il?^ ^?st^, ^ t ; ^bi ft^
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(^)
T^wist^ '!ti^ t c R*i?iiii4'CJi c ^ - c i i w c H ^ t^^^c^ sm^f ^^c^ i ^f%^m^ ^rtf^ t R w
ij5.<^m^gn?,^^f5R ^
Nt??ftwt Pt ^^mroft i o ''tos l^'S^?^ sf^twi? i H w f t 'Sjêf *Q?iic^ ^ w' ^ iJ^t^
5N<Ns ^Jiil^l R'^c^ a t t ^ ^fi<p| 4R?ilc^ The Royal Netherlands Academy; itsoir
iisivsir f S t c ^ W ^ s t ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam \^'^\^ W^(<m 'tCQ Leiden spPin
^ I LILT F ^ w i w f ) Sim ^^<^ <3 '^m IFTPFT T*!^!^ ^?j^tM, ^?,rn*H
"Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam" ^ i^^'<ô [. n f e v 5 ^ ^ ^ D S ^ S M F T ^ ^ I ST^'TLL^ The
Royal Netherlands Academy-^^ra U.A.R. Glbb-a J.H. Kramers ^sf^'T^'FLLW^S E.J. BrlU,
Leiden amPT ^ I
c r t t r o ^ - ^ j a s R s t f ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam-I^ra "^sTrnff ^^<)1^T "HRÎ>$'5R-'5LT''*tlQf

^ - ? ? i 5 T t 1 w t " ^Ttor srîf%^ i ^^Wtîf^ ^-5PR#, ^ - s r t ^ "Tpf^, t ^ p i f N ^?iTft ' p ^ f
^srt^^^-^lftTf lilt ^^tw ^t?W^f ^^c?^ I t ^ K ^ ^ s f w f ^ ^si^prtw t w l ^ T^<W?r ' i w ^
aiClllsi^?! 1 ^ ^tMfsr I i^<to % -^tc^ ^ ômni "islam Anslklopedlsl" IFL^'rtf^ t^=1lSl
2 M * R T ?F ^ I lilt 5R?flf^ ^ntcsCT^ Encyclopaedia of Islam-C^ ^ft^ ^t??l ' f f W ^
^!fn?PT ^?EttH ^?ii?it^ w 'î^ *Riiic^'H 1 ^ w LILT R ^ 'pwni ^ i t^R'ijwc?i'S) SICB^-
"lltt^Wfl Encyclopaedia of Islam-iira ^ ' s i ^ ^ , stm^sf^l ^?CnH-^?J?rtWl^ "mtit 'iT'^rtR^-T t T M l l ^ "
^ ^8 ^ 2 R # t ^ ^T?l1t^ I
^ ? ? t m tiil^ R-^wii
^^Tiwcr t>iii^ si<m?^ stsm ^wnn sj^^t ^^c^ ^??rr lii^troft i lii'anctttj ijscur ^ ^?yn limc^ft
MTOEJF -^r smPps Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam ^ti^ T ' W t f t f^^^m? ^^<IC1?I t^ral^ st^'f W lil^l
^ W I T i^f^ -iRsf^ T*I=ii5l ^^v^ ^ w I W I T >tviin?i lat ^'m??! ^ ^ t t ^ ^ i
^'tl&s %r i-b ^ I i?I<2-BR ^ ?TI:^ lilt ^TnÊsra spsj^ ô^*fn?T î<\h ^ liw^ is^'b'^
^ ^Tn?,^ lilt 'spipiw ^ TI"!^ <isc^ I \5l^tTO T t ^ l ^ f f ^ csffg 1^ f ^ i ^ ^ FTT^nflrT; % Shorter
Encyclopaedia of Islam ^tc^ dov^ R<i(:*(ii<Mll ^ m t w
t^>iiw ^sjisj <pciH \gt^ >tit''t ^5<f'?li >s ^5Ns s f ^ m ?t??n liiîw^?) FT^ w ^ ^>sim sti^ TT^FF^ iss'JJ^
^^rl%T ^ | R b M 4 ^. ^. ^511^ ^ ^ s i # % T 5 t ) % ^ % i i R # T ' M l f t t^'JlC^ ' i ^ T t ^ i f W T

?5C?JT I - f f W T 2t1%1^ t f t ^ ^ ^ s ^ liRfl ^11%^, W ^ ' f f^^-^ ^^-^r ^SJn*Ff ^
2N3N^Fiwti:*f ^ îrw ^?,wr^ ^ i ^srfw? s^ts iflwf^ <(f^ i st*rH^ shorter
Encyclopaedia of Islam L I R F ^ ^ t w l ^ l t^^9c^ sis^'gîw <pR*IR t ^ MM; âc^ ^kl'i'a
TL'=11^ R'SC^
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'T^fff^ "^??n.Rt^" 'Si^K The Encyclopaedia of Islam (Luzac, New Edition) t^5T#
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tSR>ol<lI*iI^ iiR^^?S>%( ^ CgtStt^-iira ^tt?I J^svSavol <pR(.\s(?, I

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^.^% . wm (f5f%s,5R5)
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(^52) ^sn^St^J? ^ 5 n # g vjvso, 08lr 1 i^. "it. '^51. S [ 5 C ? R ^ ^ g b-b-, i o o , iob", iC^S, i ( ? o ,
S <^c>b I idb, :ô>!3, cîo, :^8i, cês,
rf. 51. ^Hii<l "spR^ ? o , ( r 8 , iob", I ^fi-'^, ^'^C^, ^'^'b, C^b<^, OOS., O-bS.,
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^;^t^^-=ff S i o i , i 8 8 , i8(^, iS<b, i 8 V , C^rtg V)R<}ci t^11i) g i i ^ b , v58, ( f V * , (?b-^b I

i'bi, ^ O ^ , ^ O V , :5.0S>, OÔo, 0 8 i , 080, CSItg ^ S i ^ ^5fl*raW g e o i I
ÔS-H, OfJ-br, OSi8, 8C5,>b,
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(?ng ^ g H^'i I \08V, ^58c!>, o(2-c?.; v5(f8, ^sea-1
^sff^G^, Wl^m, ^ E. G. Browne, ^ l ^ - ^ f e ^ K ihoîi-'ihob, % 1 n^'W' ^Rt^ ômf'^
Tables=Tables Alphabetiques d u f % T 5 p f ^ ^ , redigees par 1. Guidi, Leiden iSioo \

Brunnow=f%f<['5T-'snff^ c?,i ''f., ^f^. R. E. Brunnow, M % 5 K ib-b^ % 1
1 ! ^ ' 5 T - 1 ^ , t^-^'^=^-^'^'5T-<l=WR, J.-T. Reinaud ms M. de Slane, 'BtR'T ib-80 1
l!^M-f%^, W # r 5 t , ^.=Geographie d'Aboulfeda, Ixaduite de I'arabe en francais, i"^., I by
Reinaud, tTtf?^ ib-8b-; c^'f. by St. Guyard, ib-Vo % 1
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Contents
5n^'fe=DescriptIon de TAfrique et de I'Espagne, ^ L ^ . R. D o 2 y M . J . De Goeje, îtûs^
t ^ f âr?RT, wM-Ptllr::^^ f W M , f^^.'^t-Pt'? ^TTM-'S'^, -JL^LT. De Goeje. ^Tfes^ iS.OO ' 1 . I
t ^ ' t l ^ , 5^"lt^=Prolegomenes d'Ebn Khaldoun, ' P ^ . E. Quatremere, t T t f e (Notices

et Extraits xvi-xviii) i
t^'rW|s(=T]ie Muqaddimali, Trans, from tlie arable by Franz Rosenthal, o ^ 5 ,
t ^ ^stFT^-de Slane=Les Prolegomenes d'lbn Khaldoun, traduits en francais et commentes

par M . de slane, Paris 1863-68 (anastatic reprint 1934-38) i '
t ^ f t f l ^ = i r r s m n ^ ' s T - W f ' T r P f i n W^m^ w R ^ ' - ^ . ^ n ^ ^ F . Wustenfeld, Gottlngen 1835-50
(quoted after the numbers of Biographies).
t ^ ' t l l f ^ , ^fn^=the same, 'T^. ^ftt^ i c j , H ( ? ^. \
t ^ < r i I ? i i|pi<!> v s T i M - ' s t W l f t ^ , 'P^tt. M . J . De Goeje, ^t^ps^ ivvs. (BGA V I ) i

^ ^ 3 1 ( ^ < l ^ , ^ ^ > r a i : ^ = ^ - ^ [ > ^ - - m f t : ^ #1 g=P3 f i r o ^ T r t ^ r - ^ - l f l ^ , W. Popper, Berkeley-Lieden
1908-1936.
^ ^ - f f e ^ , ^^n?irat=the Same, ^T?.. < M ^ M l i o 8 V f | . 1 . i
t ^ ^ " ^ ^ 1 = V o y a g e s d'lbn Batouta, Arabic text, â^s, * p < i l ^ C. Defremery B. R.
Sanguinetti, 8 I T t R ^ i V ( ? o - ( ? V '|. I
^TtfTLM=FTVST<['^- -'^ #t -^5tlt^tt%'==r-WRiTtg3T, F. Codera, 'silt^ i V V v s $ (BHA I I ) I
t ^ ^gn:(VST=wR-^'5Ttf R - ^ r f l ^ , T ^ . M . J . De Goeje, MfeK i V S > c j , 'JJ. ( B G A V I I ) i
t ^ T N ' P F = O I B - - - H 1 ? 5 - I ^ - F ^ , TIFMT. H. Sachau and others, MltPSK i J O ( ? - 8 o I
^ " 1 ^ H = f % ^ ^^'5L-W3VT-, J . H. Kramers, ^rfew iS.^sv-vsJ (BGA I I , ^ T T ^K) i
t ^ % R = > 5 r R - % t , : ! f M T . F . Wustenfeld, Gottlngen 1859-60.
t^'5F-^%=fwt^-^^tf5|5L f ^ ' ^ - ^ t , C. J . Tomberg, sTfes^T i V ( ? i - H } '|. i
t ^ - ^ n % a , trad. Fagnan=Annales du Maghred et de I'Espagne, E. Fagnan, Algiers 1901.
t<[^-^rmm=t%^'>al<1>Ivi1tfe'^--15l-s^, F . Codera, - s n & T i V V ^ - V S . % (BHA V - V I ) I
t W t - ' t 5 n ^ , ^ 1 ^ = ' ^ " B 1 ^ ' ^ - T " r ^ # t ^ ^ ' 5 r R T m , mm i ^ s c j o - o - i R (quoted according to years
of obituaries).
t^-ipRs'^=^?t^sR1^^--1^, De. Goeje, =i\\(.M i V W j % (BGA V ) l
Slf-^, ^ i i K f = t ^ t l ^ - n f ^ % n ^ ' r a * p | R ) = 1 - ^ 5 n % ^ , D . S . Margollouth, l^lden 1907-13 (GMS V I ) .
ILI^-VS=-5'W1^-^pn=fH, F. Wustenfeld, Leipzig 1866-73 (anastatic reprint 1924)
5l|'^-FT=^SIFH, M . Th. Houtsma, Leiden 1883.
T I F F - F T , ^SpMH=^. M . J . De Goeje, Leiden 1892 (BGA V I I ) .
t ^ w ^ # = ' 5 l F l - - 5 i m i i ^ >s?rm-'5frsrtf^, M . J . De Goeje, 'îkCM i V H o % (BGA I ) ( ' a < l ^ tpftp"^ iS'^'^ 1-) I
^ ? r m ^ = i f t - t f e ^ -s^rr, ^ i ^ i f ^ , =iitc*' B O > B - ^ s H ( g m s x v i )

T-'^. (TA), t^-'^5n^, ^ - 1 ^ ^^"Wi ^-?iilt^ I
^rat=^p-^g=^ M . J . De Goeje and others, Leiden 1879-1901.
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
'otft'f-t 'S%m=^lwii?lK ^ [ w r f t ' s f H - ^ - m f l ^ , ^ f - t ' S ^ n , m Facsimile by E . G. Browne,

Leiden-London 1910.
iTt>85i1vo^=voWl%^T5*t-'s'lM,3f=lt. E . G. Browne, = T S ^ - = T t t c v 5 ^ i S s o i i
ît^=11?n^-iP'ôrt^ # vstfH '3(t#H-^5rmHp, F . Codera J. Ribera, 'sit^ ib-b-IJ ( B A H III).
i i t f f = : < | i j l ^ - ^ v 3 ? f R (quoted according to title of articles).
t%f?fBf=^[^^-tf5|Ti f^Rfst, -S^KR-t ^<t^lD51,9m., C^Wt ib^c^ 't. I
^^Mlffl, ^H>il<=>aiH>ilt<=i-or?Rpq5, 8't., M. Schlossinger i^^^ S.D.F. Goitein, C^l^^t^^
^^rniff , f ^ - = ^ r 5 ^ ' ' ^ - f = R R , ^ . M.J. de Goeje, =1lttoH ={. i

^rf^3^, AnaIects=^Tr^- ^ 5 - N # 'S^^f^-^H'il=l(>l<-?f#^ (Analects sur I'histoire et la littereature
des Arabes de I'Espagne), ==ffe^ ib-<f<f-'bi i
vim'^^, voR% =ft^sffvo-âf^TrM-tm^, M. J. De Goeje, Lleden 1894 (BGA VIII).
= ^(^-^KR, ^rm. C. Barbier de Meynard et pavet de Courteille, 'Wt^ i b - ^ b i - l l % 1
% %3?rR^=?t^svi-fg'^--5nTpt, c^T^ ics.'jsVib-s^ I
s j ^ - t i i n # = ^ ' ^ ^ - ^ " ' I % I # ^'ra*plF=1-^'"I%I, T ^ . M. J. De Goeje, ^rfe^ ib-'^H % (BGA III).
srRlft, ^ w m f = ^ - ^ 'Rflt, ^ R > 5 i i ^ = i - ^ - w t ^ ' , 8 tea, ?RmRW ioicj- it. 1
IPRAFT, ^^^-jn- ^-TPRAFT, F E . Levl-Provencal, ?mrc?rf ISICVD I
1%. (LA)=Pi>ii'i'=i-^n?R 1
tR^t3Tt^=on5t-i^sim ? f p j - ^ 1 ^ , 3 f ^ . w. Cureton, ^TS^ ib-8>53 ^.1 _
: ^ ' ^ = = X 5 [ t ^ - ^ N s n % , ORTST-^rtJffR, In facsimile by D . S . Margoliouth, Leiden 1912 (GMS XX).
i ^ r f e - t ^ ^ s n f = : C W 5 P T ^m, i ^ r f e - t %?siif, ivoob--ivoib i|. 1
'fl%pt=^ntfsi--gi^, 3fit. s. Yaltkaya and Kilisli Rifat Bilge, t ^ iS.8i-8v5 % 1
ft%pr, FIugel=^5TTF5SI Leipzig 1835-58.

^Rpfl^rz i5rEpi^ssn^5]lR)'=1 w m n , D . H . Muller, Leiden 1884-91.
^ " " t ' ; ^ p R ' F ! ^ ^ , ' 5 ^ = ^ P R l ^ ^ , ^ . G. Le Strange, Leiden 1913-19 (GMS XXIII)
'V3IM|v)=The Regions of the World, ^ , V. Minorsky, London 1937 (Gms, N . S. Xi).
Abbreviated Titles
Of Some of T h e Most Often Quoted Works
Babinger=F. Babinger, Die Geschichtsschreiber der Osmanen und ihre Werke, 1st, ed.,
Leiden 1927.
Barkan, Kanunlar=Omer Lutfi Barkan, X V vc XVI inci Asirlarda Osmanli
Imparatorlugunda Zirai Ekonominin Hukuki ve Mali Esaslari, I. Kanunlar,
Istanbul 1943.
B a r t h o l d , T u r k e s t a n = W. B a r t h o l d , T u r k e s t a n d o w n t o t h e M o n g o l i n v a s i o n , London
1928 ( G M S . N . S. V).
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
Barthold, Turkestan^zrthe same, 1st edition, London 1958.

Blachere, Litt.=R. Bla .here, Histoire de la Litterature arabe, i, Paris 1952.
Brockelmann, I, II=C. Brockelmann, Geschichte der Arabischen Literatur, zweite den
Supplementbanden Angepasste Auflage, Leiden 1943-49.
Brockelmann, S. I, II, III=G. d. a. L., Erster (Zweiter, Dritter) Supplementband, Leiden
1937-42.
Browne, i=E. G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia, from the earliest times until
Firdawsl, London 1902.
Browne, ii=A Literary History of Persia, From Firdawsl to Sa'dl, London 1908.
Browne, iii=A History of Persian Literature under Tartar Dominion, Cambridge 1920.
Browne, iv=A History of Persian Literature in Modem Times, Cambridge 1924.
Caetani, Annali=L. Caetani, Annali dell'Islam, Milan 1905-26.
Chauvin, Blbllographle=V. Chauvin, Bibliographic des ouvrages Arabes et relatifs aux
Arabes, Lille 1892.
Dozy, Notlces=R. Dozy, Notices sur quelques arabes, Leiden 1847-51.
Dozy, Recherches^=Recherches sur iTrlstoire et la litterature de I'Espagne pendant le
moyenage, third edition, Paris and Leiden 1881.
Dozy, Suppl.=R. Dozy, Supplement aux dictionnalres arabes, Leiden 1881 (anastatic
reprint, Leiden-paris 1927).
Fagnan, Extraits=E. Fagnan, Extraits inedits relatifs au Maghreb, Alger 1924.
Gesch. des Qor.=Th. Noldeke, Geschichte des Qorans, new edition by F. Schwally, G.
Bergstrasser and O. Pretzl, 3 vols., Leipzig 1909-38.
Gibb, Ottoman Poetry=E. J. W. Gibb, A History of Ottoman Poetry, London 1900-09.
Gibb-Bowen=H. A. R. Gibb and Harold Bowen, Islamic Society and the West, London
1950-1957.
Goldziher, Muh. St.=I. Goldziher, Muhammedanische Studien, 2 vols., Halle 1888-90
Goldziher, Vorlesungen =1. Goldziher, Vorlesungen uber den Islam,.Heidelberg 1910.
Goldziher, Vorlesungen2=2nd ed., Heidelberg 1925.
Goldziher, Dogme=Le dogme et la loi de I'islam, tr. F. Arin, Paris 1920.
Hammer-Purgstall GOR=J. von Hammer (Purgstall), Geschichte des Osmanischen
Relches, Pest 1828-35.
Hammer-Purgstall Gor2=the same, 2nd ed.. Pest 1840.
Hammer-Purgstall, Hlstoire=the same, trans, by J. J. Hellert, 18 vols., Bellizard (etc.),
Paris (etc.) 1835-43.
Hammer-Purgstall=, Staatsverfassung=J. von Hammer, Des Osmanischen Reichs
Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung, 2 vols., Vienna 1815.
Hammer, Recueil=M. Th. Houtsma, Recueil des textes relatifs a I'histoire des
Seldjoucldes, Leiden 1886-1902.
Ibn Rusta-Wiet=Les Atours Precieus, Traduction de Gaston Wiet, Cairo 1955.
Idrisi-Jaubert=Geographie d'Edrisl, Trad, de I'arabe en francais par P. Amedee Jaubert, 2.
vols., Paris 1836-40.
JujTiboU, Handbuch=Th. W. JujTiboU, Handbuch des Islamischen Gesetzes, Leiden 1910.
Lane=E. W . Lane, An Arabic-English Lexicon London, 1863-93 (reprint New York
1955-6).
www.waytojannah.com
Contents
( ^ )
Lane-Poole, Cat.=S. Lane-Poole, Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum,

1877-90.
Lavoix, Cat.=H. Lavoix, Catalogue des Monnaies Musulmanes de la Bibliotheque
Nationale, Paris 1887-96.
Le Strange=G. Le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate, 2nd ed., Cambridge 1930.
Le Strange, Baghdad.=G. Le strange, Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate, Oxford 1924.
Le Strange, Palestine=G. Le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, London 1890.
Levi-Provencal, Hist. Esp. Mus.=E. Levi-Provencal, Histoire de I'Espagne musulmane,
new ed., Leiden-Paris 1950-53, 3 vols.
Levi-Provencal, Chorfa=E. Levi-Provencal, Les Historiens des Chorfa, Paris 1922.
Maspero-Wiet, Materiaux=J. Maspero et G. Wiet, Materiaux pour servir a la Geographic
de I'Egypte, Le Calre 1914 (Mifao xxxvi).
Mayer, Architects=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Architects and their Works, Geneva 1956.
Mayer, Astrolabists=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Astrolabists and their works, Geneva 1998.
Mayer, Metalworkers=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Metalworkers and their Works, Geneva 1959.
Mayer, Woodcarvers=L. A. Mayer, Islamic Wookcarvers and their Works, Geneva 1958.
Mez, Renalssance=A. Mez, Die Renaissance des Islams, Heidellperg 1922.
Mez, Renaissance, Eng. tr.=The Renaissance of Islam, translated into English by
Salahuddin Khuda Bukhsh and D.S. Margoliouth, London 1937.
Mez, Renaissance, Spanish trans.=E1 Renacimiento del Islam, translated into Spanish
by S. Vila, Madrid-Granada 1936.
Nallino, Scritti=:C. A. Nallino, Raccolta di Scritti editi e inediti, Roma 1939-48.
Pakalin=Mehmet Zeki Pakalin, Osmanli Tarih Deyimleri ve Terimleri Sozlugu, 3 vols.,
Istanbul 1946 ff.
Pauly-Wissowa=Realenzyklopaedie des Klassischen Altertums.
Pearson=J.D. Pearon, Index Islamicus, Cambridge 1958.
Pons Boigues=Ensayo bio-bibliografico sobre los historiadores y geografos,
arabigo-espanoles, Madrid 1898.
Santillana, Istituzioni=D. Santillana. Istituzioni di diritto musulmano malichita,
Roma 1926-38.
Schwarz, Iran=P. Schwarz, Iran in Mittelalter nach den arabischen Geographen, Leipzig
1896.
Snouck Hukrgronje, Verspr. Geschr.=C. Snouck Hurgronje, Verspreide Geschriften,
Bonn-Leipzig-Iîden 1923-27.
Sources inedites=Comie Henry de Castries, Les Sources inedites de I'Histoire du Maroc,
Premiere Serie, Paris (etc.) 1905-Deuxieme Serie, Paris 1922.
Spuler, Horde=B. Spuler, Die Goldene Horde, Leipzig 1943.
Spuler, Iran=B. Spuler. Iran in fruh-Islamischer Zeit, Wiesbaden 19052.
Spuler, Mongolen^=B. Spuler, Die Mongolen in Iran, 2nd ed., Berlin 1955.
Storey=C.A. Storey, Persian Literature : a Bio-bibliographical Survey, London 1927.
Survey of Persian Art=ed. by A.U. pope, Oxford 1938.
Suter=H. Suter. Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke Leipzig
1900.
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Contents
Taeschner, Wegenetz=Franz Taeschner, die Verltehrslage und das Wegenetz Anatoliens

im Wandel der Zeiten, Gotlia 1926.
Tomaschek=W. Tomaschek, Zur hlstorlschen Topographle von Klelnasien im
Mittelalter, Vienna 1891.
Well, Challfen=G. Well. Geschichte der Challfen, Mannheim-Stuttgart 1846-82.
Wensinck, Handbook=A.J. Wensinck, A Handbook of Early Muhammdan Tradition,
Leiden 1927.
Zambaur=E. de Zambaur, Manuel de Genealogle et de chronologic pour I'Histoire de
rislam, Hanover 1927 (anastatic reprint Bad Pyrmont 1955).
Zlnkeisen^J. Zlnkeisen, Geschichte des osmanischen Relches in Europa, Gotha 1840-83.
A B B R E V I A T I O N S F O R PERIODICALS ETC
Abh. G.W. Gott.=Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottlngen,
Abh.K.M.=Abhandlungen fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes.
Abh. Pr, Ak. W.=Abhandlungen der preussischen AKademir der Wissenschaften.
Afr.Fr.-Bulletin de Comlte de I'Afrique francaise.
AIEO Alger=Annales de I'Instltut d'Etudes Orlentale de I'Universlte d'Alger N.S. from
1964.
AIUONÂnnall dell'Istltuto Universltario Orlentale di Napoll.
Anz. Wlen=Anzeiger der (Kaiserlichen) Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien.
Philosophisch- historlsche Klasse.
AO=Acta Orlentalia.
ArO=Archiv Orientalni.
ARW=Archiv Fur Religionswissenschaft.
ASI=Archaeologlcal Survey of India.
ASI, NIS=ditto, New Inperial Series.
ASI, AR-ditto, Annual reports.
AUDTCFD=Ankara Universitesi Dilve Tarih-Cograiya Fakultesl Dergisl.
BAH^Bibliotheca Arabico Hispana.
BASOR=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research.
Belleten=Belleten (ofTurkTarih Kurumu).
BFac.Ar.:=Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts of the Egyptian University.
BEt. Or.=Bulletln d'Etudes Orientales de I'Instltut Francais de damas.
BGA=Blbliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum.
BIE^Bulletln de 1' Institut d' Egypte.
BIFAO-Bulletin de I'Instltut Francais d'Archeologie Orlentale de Caire.
BRAH=Boletin de la Real Academla de la Historia de Espana.
BSE=Borshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya (Large Soviet Encyclopaedia), 1st ed.
BSE2=the same, 2nd ed.
BSL(p)=BuIletin de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris.
BSO (A)S=Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Studies.
BTLV=Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land-en Volkenkunde (van Nederlandsch-Indie).
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Contents
BZ=Byzantinische Zeitschrift.
COC=Cahlers de 1- Orient Contemporain.
CT:=Cahiers de Tunisie.
EI ^Êncyclopaedia of Islam, 1st edition.

EIM=Epigraghia Indo-Moslemica.
ERE=Encyclopaedia of Religions and Ethics.
GGA=Gottiger Gelehrte Anzeigen.
GMS=Gibb Memorial Series.
Gr. I. Ph.=Grundriss der Iranlschen Philologie.
IA=Islam Ansiklopedisi.
IBLA=Revue de 1' Institut des Belles Lettres, Arabes, Tunis.
IC=Islamic Culture.
IFD=Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi.
IH9=Indian Historical Quraterly.
IQ=The Islamic Quarterly.
IsI.=Der Islam.
JA=Journal Asiatique.
JAfr. S=Joumal of the African Coeiety.
JAOS=Joumal of the American Oriental Society.
JAnthr.I=Joumal of the Anthropological Institute.
JBBRAS=Joumal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
JE=Jewlsh Encyclopaedia.
JESHO=Joumal of the Economic and Social Historyt of the Orient.
J(R)Num. S.=Joumal of the (Royal) Numismatic Society.
JNES=Jouranal of Near Eastern Studies.
JPak. H^.=Joumal of the Pakistan Historical Society.
JPHS=Journal of the Punjab Historical Society.
JQR=Jewlsh Quarterly Review.
JRAS=Joumal of the Royal Asiatic Society.
J(R) ASB=Joumal and Proceedings of the (Royal) Asiatic Society of Bengal.
JRGeog. S.=Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.
JSFO=Joumal de la Societe Finno-Ougrienne.
JSS=Joumal of Semitic Studies.
KCA=Korosi Csoma Archivum.
KS=Keleti Szemle (Oriental Review).
KSIE=Kratkie Soobshcenlya Instituta Etnografiy (Short communications of the
Institute of Ethnography).
LE=Literaturnaya Entsiklopediya(Literary Encyclopaedia).
MDOG=Mitteillungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft.
MDPV=Mlttellungen und Nachrichten des Deutschen Palastina-Verelns.
MEA=Mlddle Eastern Affairs.
MEJ=Middle East Journal.
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Contents
(*ifSt)
MFOB=Melanges de la Faculte Orientale de 1' Universite St. Joseph de Beyrouth.

MGMN=Mitteilungen zur Geschlchte der Medlzin und Naturwlssenschaften.
MGWJ=Monatsschrift fur die Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums.
MIDEO =Milanges de I'lnstitut Dominicain d'Etudes Orientales du Caire.
MIE-Memoires de r Institut d'Egypte..
MlFAO=Memoires publics par les membres de 1' Institut Francais d'Archeologie
Orientale du Ccilre.
MMAF=Mernoires de la Mission Archeologique Francaise a u Caire.
MMIA=Madjallat al-Madjma' al-llrni al-'Arabi, Daniascus.
MO=Le monde Oriental.
MOG=Mitteilungen zur Osmanischen Geschichte.
MSE=Malaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya (Small Sovite Encyclopaedia).
MSFO=Mernoires de la Societe Finno-Ougrienne.
MSL(P)=Memoires de la Societe Linguistique de Paris.
MSOS Afr.=Mitteilungen des Seminars fur Orientalische Sprachen, Afrikanische
Studien.
MSOS As.=Mitteilungen des Seminars fur Orentalische Sprachen. Westasiatische
Studien.
MTM=Milli Tetebbu'ler Medjmu'asi.
MW=The Muslim World.
NC=Numismatic Chronicle.
NGw Gott.=Nachrichten von der GeseUschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen.
OC=Oriens Christianus
OLZ=Orientalistische Literaturzietung.
OM=Oriente Modemo.
PEFQS=Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly Statement,
Pet. Mitt.=Petermanns Mitteilungen.
QDAP=Quarterly Statement of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine.
RAfr.=Revue Afrlcaine.
RCEA=Repertoire Chronologique d'Epigraghie arabe.
REJ=Revue des Etudes Julves.
Rend. Lin.=Rendiconti della Reale Accademia del Lincei, Classe di scienze morali,
storiche e filologiche.
REl=Revue des Etudes Islamiques.
RHE=Revuede I'Histoire des Religions.
RIMA=Revue de I'lnstitut des Manuscrits Arabes.
RMM=Revue Monde Musulman.
RO=Rocznik Orientalistyczny.
ROC=Revue de 1"Orient Chretien.
ROL=Revue de TOrient Latin.
RSO=Rivista degli Studi Orientali.
RT=Revue Tunisienne.
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Contents
SBAk. Heid.=Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akadekemie der Wissenschaften.

SBAK. Wien=Sltzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien.
SBBayr. Ak.=Sitzungsberichte der physixalisch-me Bayrischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften.
SBPMS Erlg.- Sitzungsberichte der dizinischen Sozietat in Erlangen.
SBPr. Ak. W.=Sitzungsberlchte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu
Berlin.
SE=Sovetskaya Etnografiya (Soviet Ethnography).
SO=Sovetskoe Vostokovedenie (Soviet Orientalism).
Stud. Isl.-Studia Islamica.
S. Ya.=Sovetskoe Yazikoznanie(Soviet Linguistics).
TBG-Tijdschrift van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen.
TD=Tarih Dergisl.
TIE=Trudi Instituta Etnografiy (Works of the Institute of Ethnograpgy).
TM=Turklyat Mecmuasi.
TOEM/TTEM=Ta'rikh-i "Othmani (Turk Ta'rlkhi) Endjumeni medjmi'asi.
Verb. AK. Amst.=Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen to
Amsterdam.
Versl. Med. AK.Amst.=Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van
Wetenschappen te Amsterdam.
VI=Voprosi Istorly (Historical Problems).
WI=Die Welt des Islams.
Wl'n. s.=The same, new series.
Wiss. Veroff. DOG=Wissenschafthche Veroffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-
Gesellschaft.
WZKM=Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes.
ZA=Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie. * .
ZATW=Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft.
ZDMG=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft.
ZDPV=Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastinavereins.
ZGErdk. Birl.=Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fur Erdkunde in Berlin.
ZS=Zeitschrift fur Semitistik.
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Contents
^'Wsrt (^) 'iH'3[?lk t ^ ^5^Bm (^) 4^

''sn^^rpR t ^ 'wRgiR (^) <2-^ ' W t ^ ^^fM?, s i ^ ^
itl>!^w (^) '-^M^îkt^^rfW (^) 40 <b8
'^STR^t^^H'StHI 40 <b8
'^NijSlk "^t^fsR ( ^ ) 40 '^5rt^ 3Tt^ ^ÎfN WftSf -154
vt^NlH (5. ^SJWT) '^NH?ll<,t^^]% (^) 40 ^ s r t ^ ^>rWi t ^ w R f w R
'^Hi^Slkt^ (S. Kl^'^l^) 48
'^Mij?!!*, "^W^ ^ - ^ ^ f 1 ^ 48
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'^d-îjgl?, t ^ (g. ^ - ^ S f H ^ 48 '^\<'^>\ ^yfHt^ t ^ 'ortWr
'^NiJ?!!*, -^0^ (?t) 48
?rr?Pi t ^ '^Hi^SlK t ^ f^^TH 48
'^Hi^SlI^ t ^ ^mf ( ^ ) 48
'^flf^ ( ^ ) W R ^ ^ t^-'S^PRM 44 TO^, Ho
' ^ S l H ^ t ^ - f ^ ' ^ (^) 44
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^^TlKf (^) Ob- (^)
t#^ (^) ^Hi*t
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^ ' ^ t ^ ^ S f t f e ( ^ ) 88
m\ 8(t (^) H4
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^>THm (^) 8a,?ik t ^ t ^ ^ (^) 4 i ^sn^ 'ib-
(?rt) 4b '^lR5Jlt5.'?It^ (5. ^ - ^ p t f ^ ^ ) ^ ^srmtâuT 'IS.
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4i '^H'l'i ^ (5. ^. ^ )
t.t^.-Vioo
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Contents
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Vo ^ - ^ ( ^ ) ^, io^b
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vrg^ ^ s n ^ i^bi
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www.waytojannah.com
Contents
wt^ "^rr^r (^) cî'b

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^ i ^ s M (^) i t ^ - 5 T t ^ t^rat^ ^s>i

^tt^^l^r^ ;^>blr
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iKfsrf t ^ ' 4 i i < M - ^ 5 ( m ( ^ ) 'ixjo 'a'K?
^ ''srTf^ ( g , ^ )
^1^51^ (^) O'OO ^5fti?[5T (g. -^jf^) 'a'^s.
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Contents
^ i
^5im 8C5.C}. ^rf%fHt 8(th

^SfNH, % (5. %) 8A^
^5imR (5. sn^) 8ovs ^WRl^-t ^^W^ 8:i,(?

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Contents
1W ^
e8br
w w g i n ^ r a (ill) 8S)i (2-8S) '^srtTR ; ' (2S)^
'^NlRilil 8S)8 ddo ''5nTH(g. f ^ ) (2S)0
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Contents
Voo
'bVV ^ . ^ ' ^ 18
'bb-b- '^sri^m, 'ii?t^r<5 188

'bVS. '^SfRW^ 188
^-*^5imR 140
"'bVS.
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'sim^?! 'bVI 18;^
tl11^ f ? ^ ^ ! : ^ 8o S > / t ^ a f / t p g / i A o o o (^p^)/o^4o
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Contents
j i _ i A ' j J I J>-cua.'jJI < i l l
<iPi<=iiii, % I f%f^ <iPiwH, lat T?R?i ^^fen m r a t w t f f ? ^

awT v(4;ife-<) I stl^re ^?rt? "msra t ^ ^prf% Mt?n I 5rti?[ ît^n ^5rti%t fi^m,
I gritl^ \si?.i<i la^ Hî, )|\oi<i ^ fi^t " T O ^
^TRii t^ t ^ sitft^ I W t t ^ VtOT t ^

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ivDîr f^., ^t., O'bft-'b'lj, K^BS.'S^; (^D) t ^ - W f f ^ .
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îfk Trt^ t ^ ^^rm t ^ ^^sn^ t ^ ^sn^ t ^ ^ ^ i m

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^t?Jife.i (?ft ?Tfmi%?R I 'î<ii?ii^t^ %m
^rraf'5^viH îipn t ^ (^)-^ -^tR^ t'pnft
' T^m\us^ Sim f^Ri^t f p r m st^t ^r;^ 1 ^ t ^ ^ i ^ (^r) w r a ^
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Contents
^ t?^ ^ ôf1%? (^)-'m (Rfc^ îîft? sKitT t ' f l ^ t W H I '5n#wi lots ^ f % f ^ ?p^3pR; ( ' T ) - ' i r a
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t%f^ ^Hro<M=1 ^^C?^ I ^5t^ ?t?rt%r bo I ^5RH

lil^slt CfFTR % I lt^3f^ ^Ct at^^f
^ ? t i ? H I ' ^ j f T ^ f e w , > i i t ^fTC^ ^ (?n^ fmsH

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Contents
(^) t ^ F R ôPfgH ^C^ *I1J1Î^ ^ 'Tfe^'a ^ ^ a R>^4H f R

Mi%rra I 'iiRîw -^sttlJiTrt isi^ ^ t t m I
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'^'Tm {^)-^ ^TRlftêf? W # f W ^SE^ ^51^ M ? R ,
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tiRiiQ<t> # ? ! R ^ f t ^ 'm^^-m^^^m^ R?1%^ I
'jc^ nRi?M ^ ^ '^RSTR i^f^vo^ îfe^M ? % ^ ,
MKi (?fT), ^ (?T) 'G ^ ^ (?rT) TOtC ?[^?T%M ^SRI? ^ f S R <SilRc\s TR;? I VSRJ? Cf!tl^
la^^sfegs 'îrra (?T), TOR (?rT) WR^ft^ 1^ 'opo]^ TRiPrsfi 1 ^r;^ ^<it 'iiifts, >ia<i c^rncc??
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STPT'^ ( ^ ) ^ ' r a f e ^ 1 tsrm ^ f t ^tfiTT CIWT^ ^
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ot., bio) I
''a)Hil?IK (?!) ^ ^ci^w f%R Sf^ ^ ^ f e s ^ I %m
ar^f^t 8 (b) t ? ^ ^'w, ^ w i ^ , t!^, ^. f?., .^t.,
(?rT)->ii? fiwit tft ??tc^ I f%f^ "m-^ jPiîicfei'H, o8;L-88; (^) t^-'^rtfR, ^ ^ - t l ? T , ???i^ b o i l fk., o'<.,
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R>i^'>aiH, %mi (?T)i I 0\bb--1o; (8) ^rt^Wttf, l^mM, ?T?T?I, m3^-^>(lf^^H,
voderijfvS i
^sr^ f^TO^ ^ -^'^^ f ^ f f S i f ^ ^^c^ I \ 5 T ^ RWg
^1=1151 t^^SC^
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Contents
"WSR ^ C^)-'^, ^ ^^rrait ^ti^KSR fesj^ ^kst^ (RRfT ^-i5fHi1t"?iTT (5.) liit^t nf^ lat^fs
îR^lf^w*) I ^5n# (?iT)-iii?r (iRs c%g ^3?ti*tC5RT i ? f^1%3 # R laRri^^lgt R'Rîl îPiWH 1 î<iRc'^ ^'iRf^îjl R ^ ? # o ,
^sr^ t^-Rs-1^ t^R^-îR^^-^sim'tfR cpm
ar^f^ ( i ) ^"Ktlt, ^ t , ib-lJ 1.; (^) l : ^ - ^ 5 i t f t ? , (?t,

^S'b; () srm'^, -pi^, 'Jst, 8 i t . , 'b'l, ioj; ( 8 ) ^ W l ^ ,
^ 4R?ll%<!lH l i R l 'al^lW '^mC'i' 'SiRffe ^ ? n % 5 R I % i i ^ - i i , ( ^ . Haarbrucker, it,' i i o ) ; (e) ^q^,-
('Js) G. Weil, Gesch d. Challfen; Ck) ^ ^stffe,
fRwft liRf?. ^5(1^ (?r)-iii?r ^ - f ^ ^ ^-f^^, i o t , ê, ; (b-) ^-R[R4^,
S5n=i.^'5rpl, f ^ , R m s sfXtIt; Wellhausen, Das
?l5Rn ooRîT <pc^ I ^ fl^r, ûj^ arab Reich, (io) (?lt^, Die rel.-pol.
opposition- spartelen, in Abh. G. W. Gott., cfAt,
Jb- f.; ( i i ) Caetani Gabrieli, Onmasticon, ^t,
K . V . Zettersteen ( E . 1.2)/ uq.>iR.>iW. mw f
'^MlSlI^ ^ T^*^' ( :>i ^ . r ) s

%M 'îHij.?!!*, ^pPRI Rctil^ CTOft ^C?K I '5T2?R-^^^>||51,1%R
t'^Ri-'5imTn'T 2fR t?ft%fR R^c^ Rrhr^
''stH^p^ t ^ ^1^ "M (5.)-? ' Q ^ ' j ^ ffwt ^^ra^ I
^^^^p0Tf^-^ (il^^t^ 'Q.yl'^C^ R'olf^'a ^ 11%f ^^tgt
2fm t?rt%^ t5rs.^t^ ^sjtm^^ t<t sif'Tm ^nt^rc^
^<PC% Rcijlt^'il i|.WlH ^.(% CWRTIT 2ftW ''i)Hii?ll<^ t ^
'55'^' 'j^rt \5jN ^RR t ^ <i#!rt%?R I ^ '*sii<iiisii^t^
(^) [g.l ^ K H 4 ^rft^rm n?sR t^nt^f cwî ât R w 1 ^
'îMi^sii^t^ (^)-iii?r ^ 'Sf^^f ^sc^ liR?, ii^*ti?jt ttRssn
^ I sr^rra ^5if?Rtfêf ^ss^ t % F R 9i^(M RcgT35. oaRiT ^^sRta .
^ istc ^1% ?t?rf sfJtw îHit'i, ^-i^RM'm
>?:?K I it^ ^ ^tw R ^ ^ ^ I ^ ^sRjp^ X5r^3!3^
*t3^ f ? m ^ ^S.rm CT^ TTtK i f R l ^-Hjsiirt
^/5t|Tt% Q\rs ^s|Rrf ^'"I??!-^ ^ ^??1?t^f ?SC?R I "SI^M^rêf
t^m^ 'Q5F^'Jf ^5(35? ^siR^JR ^sr<pt 1 f%f^ -Rr^ TTO

'*ji<jij^?ii^ t ^ ^pirra (g.)-iii? Rp^ ^sniR'S}^ ^sOT 1 '^MijsiK
twt^ ^^c^, t ^ t? t ^ l ? ^Rrar ^ 11^ <3
t^ ^Kicp stisiiiTH 'be/ *ifsm 'bb-e ^^pm
tîiiw R*j^tH w r t ^ >titR<)>n5iviiwt) Rw5 ''srRgpt^ 'srm-'st4t? t ^ -sTt^ "^^m ( 5 . ) ^srngsrs ^ 1 f^rRr
% n ^ a t f ^ # 5 ? # ; c ^ ^ s r g R s f l ^ ^ f l K ^ ^ 1 (ît^ra^
^ - ^ t ^ m ^simt filf^s} ^sRrts iftRrrt ( ' I S ^ ^ o t ^
nRf# t i t ^ K % R k ^<3?m?ra ^?j5t ^ R?ilf^=i,
cîf^ t^gif^ l:^-^5fpf5m - R w r f ^ s w R w r ) i^fsitt
^t3^ flli?T '^Mia,sll%<l WHÎîH ^ I t%FmR5f ^ i t R S ^Rrh ^ I fc? l^tnt '*iHia,?iK t ^ i^nc^
R'9"*<il^>a qc?i<pti il<i<il^*i<j, >a(Hij?ii^'g Ti??r (?J!nTR ^ 1 ^ twrcs^t îts}^f ^ra^ I '\t>/'bi^ twr-^pt?irp îf^
ênf^ t%f^ c*f^ ^wt wra ^m^f ^ 1 sTRâTn^ ^ o t ^ I^R's '*ii'*,ini ^rc?R I
la^sR (?prt# ^srtpra t ^ ij^Klw tiR#w? RW^ (?R I an^fit 8 ( i ) ^ - ^ m t ^ , ^srpm, <?t., 'R^^; (^) t ^ Trfw,
t%Rr ^ 5 1 ^ t>l'(J>)Ci|Vi) ?RtJ ^ra^ >iRS. ^Rt^TS, et., 8 b , io'b t . ; ( ) ^ - K l f i , ^ t . , t.; (8)
"tmrsra Tr*H ^^r?^ I i^j/i8'js-8H t^-'^srtfNr, S t . , i 8 t . ; (e)l:^^-^mT,'^-^''5nR^,'55ef
^Tit^ ^HT, ^ . 1%., t}. s>e 1.; ('is) ^^^1%, 'nM-Riinn
t ^ W K ^Rrar -jfH, CTftw -RtTf^ -^m^ c^-^ ^ ^;:>i%r 'STiH-f^^, bt., vDSe; (i) ^ - R R ^ ^ , xsrtsT-tsrt'srt^,
t.Rê
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Contents
08
^ra? .HtÎW? (m?7?C?t CTt >11lR<> ^fllRwa

M^; (S.) G. Weil, Gesch. d. Chal., f ^ ^ , H. ^fetf^W'i, TOf 1w?ra siRjî'SPI ^ t ^ i i ^w^f %f I \
' S(I<IIJE]IF^<I
Lammens, Le califat de Yazid ler cî8 t. (-MFOB, ' ^ ' ^ s ^ i a(mcR ' f s ^ ^ S ' r t ^ '5îlH f^'R! (S.) S u a k i n
(J-t., 1.); ( i o ) Caetani-Gabrieli, onornasticon, . C-^fi!* iajt?,M-fil1,ll?l ? l f ^ % fero ^S,f*Rs ^TJPCPSH Tfto
^Craît ^ 1 % F R t ^^RTIlf|!?R I ib-b-1 V3 ib-b-Js 'IÎCTR ^ * U ^
w ? sm;^ wp^ R ^ f s s K n f ? f % f % R ^ ^ snw 1
ib-vi m # ?t1^ Gondar 1 S> iVb-S>
K. V. Zettersteen-CH. pellat (E. I. 2 ) /
m^^r ^ J I ^ R K ^ 1 vat ^ 'igit John-ia?
^ ? ^ [ R <3 iiW^Mti 3TSI^ <îj<M^ c^M>ii^c^^ ^^ra

f ^ l W ^ F % ? R , ^^tCi^^W SFSFF^îRR t p R t l ^ 4'Q*llfe'=iH I
^_yJ;Ji.LA:Ll I). S M S - ^ ' W L T ^ , î\m ^TTORA ^êf W F I T ^ 5 1 ^ ^ s ^ R ! ^ ^ ^ R ? M (21^ t^?nw 'CTttTw "sm^ ? r a I
\5RR ifRsf f^!?R ^^RR [rt.t?!Tf R I W R l TO,

( g . ) - ' ^ ^ ^ ^ M f i R J t t f >a??. m^'^ ^ ^g??t-? ^sps^, % ^ 1%f^ \5RR (M^ tpi 'Sî)W TO^'^HW ^^^tfi^tft 5RRl%o ?5TO
m ? ^ ^ ^'srtt'n cmm ^ fm?Jtft (<II44HI) m
I^SRPiyR c i i ^ s ^ ^f|ft^ %?R, ^ C^ttra? i i l ^ > ^ v|R,=1IC<l \5RR "fp'PTW?!? 2tlt (?tT5%f 'sfS^ HÎ ^>#t ^ 151^
^5?RR5H c^spps % 5 ) I sfitw^T T ^ J W ? I H I I I ^ ^ % t 'i Pt^-'^g ^ t ^ , iVVS>) I lilt 1?:^ 5(1^ <\\k^^ C ^ f t % f|i?R ''STRip
<i<>\\^-^^mS\ v3 f i r a f r a ? Rrsrot, f%f^ ?!?H, K W ^ M ^ 1?:^ ^sjRiprtt (71 ^'R1^?,^ ^rm^ ifwmt
( ' O I K I J R ^ i i R w ^ >ii?^ '^5[H^pif| x5Rm ? 5 R R f % ? R , IlRtrt|^.<3 iVVSs 'ÎÎC'VT^ H ^ R I J I ^ C * voRJ'S
^^SlTt ^5tC^ C^sHIFW ^ 9(1^, lil'XRft Xsvpfvs
\5W3 î<Mf^\o -m^ ^mw^ f | i ? R I î\m f^m ^j^nm ^tTJ[m ^rt'RR? ^wf^ ^ I <it fw?ra
^îijipiw?! fe'^ emu mi -m i ^^îf?^ 'sric^, X5t?^ f^rst
^^MiSttiTsI i?RC5 T|i^ I D p n g o l a ^"MW?- (iVS^b 'J.) *Rt
I^SI^S^RR R t 1 ^ TO (C^ ( T T C ' ^ , iSsSsV) I '^5jR^[Wtft f ? 5 ^

'^MijsllR, '#^1? ^tTf^Û
PtCSrW ^ T t ^ CTO'=n ? 5 C G ; ^ , vo^JR^S
t%Rf ^"snw?! ^'âmr? ftSPf I ' p f i t t n TO, " ^ T O f?.'<ti^.'5tspitft? *I^c<)IR^ i^^s ??ra
^sT^n ^6fe^lC^1<l^ W s f t C (ib-Vi-Vft ^.) ^5Rt? 'lfi^\oi| r # Rc'Stc^ ?5CTF I ^ ^ T O w n : w 3 = r # ^ '^r^ (;^8
'TCs^, ivs>s>) f%f^ 's ^<i(;\5Rc\oW I

^rt<|^ *IW5 a R j q ? igfJIT '^|<lijsllR. >|,=1^H, I?I>IC^<1 ctfw?
t=TC5?t 1Î?5t C 5 J T IStÎSI CSRef ?5fetf%i?R ~<S\^\US
^sc?^ I Sii^fiwR (Omdurman) '^ffsRs 5jl^î ^

(^^ ib-b-ft) 'ii<in?iilt ^ t ^ f 4}^f '^c<H I
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<*racvs%=i'i, ^rtf^ f%lR c^. f??
f|i?R ia?s
'oicoiiRi^ (^nîT^R hiR^Ti5) % ? H , c J T c ^ ^ r r ^ *wRf*( <)i<;4ill ^srra? ctTcu? ^5ftl^ ftf%^tf%? %?R1
'TCSf -^rpH ^ Q i ^ H , ^t5 ^csR ?i%'5t^ t??t5Tft *tm
tf%^'Pnf?^ ^CRPIT^ t w n "1^ ^ I ^'NC'lt
Cst^TORtR 'S ^[?imaj îKR %^t W ^ ^ J I I C ^ 1 ^51^
-^m^ '^"s *n1w^ f^rsm ^rtR^ 's rr?*t# C I H 2 I * f R w ? It's Ti1%?R 'f^Sfm C ^ i ^ tP5 la?^ i S R ^ f | = [ I CSJt.
F^M*fC^ ->1<PSI\s|?L 3TC5f < P W I I F % F ^ t^CSr JHlvR* 'TSR Pfs ^ 5 R ^ TOT fmflf^ ôRR?RW t=Rl
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Contents
oe
sr^tit 8 ( i ) F.R. Wingate, Mahdilsm in the

Egyptian Sudan, M ^ i V J s i (^). J. Ohrwalder, '5im-^5m*#, nrRR, CT, ioo>!3 i s ^ %m-ia?
Ten years captivity In the Mahdl's Capip,
F.R. Wingate, ib-s.^ (vo) R. Slatin, Fire o-^H; Rwt R?fRt^, RTni35f-'^s[#fR, -ij. do; sm^'^-
and sword in the Sudan, F. R. Wingate, M ^
f^'Kn, i t . , >b(2-) 1 t f ^ ^sl^P-^f), ^f^, ^sfRft WR5TR
ivsi'b ^(M<-<\<[ t ^ ; ( 8 ) 5^lTR, ^ f ^ - ^ ^ ,
>s tR>^H5i 'otnt*! f i f ^ r ^ H ^ 5 [ R ^ % ^ I t%R
iJsoo vj. ^ T f % i <f^îc^); ((t) J. A. Reld, Some
<)PiivoH,.%R ' R j ? ^ - y R JiR'^ Riw f T O .'s ^^Rmr^
notes on the Khalifa Abdullahl, Sudan .Notes
and Records, iJsob-, t . (c^TpRSR^^n? f%f%
(^-5Ttt^To, % O V e ; 7 i T # T t ^ - ^ ' s f S R t , ^ . i'b'b) I ^R1i^!Rl
^ W ? ^ 1%R ^'RR ^3 ^ - l a ' R R R s R m f t i P R I (?TtlW
^ 5 % t frPt^); A. B. Theobald.. The Mahdiyya, ^
'si^ -sjR tgtBpft, -gi^-^rt t
*^5rt^ ^ - 1 5 i > ^ , ^ jj t? ^-^R!%
^
g.; (b) '4ll1ij[?llR<l ^l1H|iJWi1 >W4l31 ^ l a t , (to,ooo sf^t ^n-c^R 'rfSvo^^R R ^ ^ c . W R ^ -^ra^ I l a w i f e
1%^ *nnt ' S R - ^ s R s t t f g R ^ ^ t c ^
S. HiUelson (E.I.^)/ la.iXR.iSfsi. i)K<i<[<l ?5?lR f ifflT ^t^ti^tna R w ^ ?sc:5R i ât R ^ %R . ^ a ^ <lT'^'nt% ^
^^c^ w , 'it^ f?mi% (^-^ 1^),
'-v6(Mlj^gl|4. ^ - ^ ^ - N f ^ ( , , ^ <ill ^ ) 8 t ^
^ft^rpf ^wm*, O t . , 0(2-8-'bo; W P j - ^ j q ^ , 'NI<M'f=1-
^ w F s f - , o t . , c?,8) 1 voMâ^w? ^tr^ - ^ R ^ ^ i : ^ I %R
^ 's ^n=Fflft !>I'HRI=IIs
^^rr^m, c^êAss vvv ^m^r ^w^w fegw
^^3C5i .at îfRfR ^ oi^pnft f t ' a ^ ^ I *tRt
C ^ s g ^ ( R R P t ^ (Bobastro) g C ' ^ ' l ^ t Rrô ^t^Jlf^WH l
^ T = i R t W " t ^ (a. ^R5?t^-^'sRRl,'5f*n. Nicholson,
'3rR-'55# >ic'MR, 'il<ii,?ik litt '^tTc?
^t., ^ o i , ^ e i ) t*fR "spf^R fe^H 1 .iivo^jô rR; '^n#
RWR RT 1ft^^pn?^-STtmC^m 'TO 'ivm %t ^ i R , î<i<ni,' ^ ^ 'mR ^ -R^ "f^, tRt ^

s f ^ t 'Jj^t'S ^ 5 1 ^ spt^'WfR "sm^ I âi*t1^ ^ S R R 'Q'^FUo
'oftNS^, vOoo/i>b '5ft1%, ^m^l tfai<M*t ^^C^ I ' i t ^ t ^ "^fHRsi (F)-<aa R ^ i^wq-^^ ^ ?#?nt%?R
'HtRrf^ 'Tâft^ isnî-^f^KstRw sn:^ ^ s i ^ ^tmrsn^ra

'f^n. Nicholson, ^ ^ t . , :5.oi) i ^ ^ - ^ i
lQfb\o v3 <lJ<(^\o I itS'O'^ 'rtC^'r M. M. Antuna t ^

^STR^, %T ^ %t ^ 5 1 ^ ^ ^ I 'SVm <I'R^R
isM^ apfS'J^ ^?SP?ef -s^R^ îtso 2R5lft^ t?)t(l^ I
wn^w?r rR sfsfR r i m ^ r r f%R ^^sm ^
'lC=^t?fl?iep5R W ^Cat ?>iRK ' J S I ^ |v|\o|blR\o|, T5T?F'S^lt ^3
t>i*ii^ 'TSff^? R t r a ^ fe<fef R m ^ 11^ 1%g>)C-*H^fRsl<, 1%R
f%R t ^ 'srr^^rR t ^ ^ - t ^ ^ &.)-'^ muMi ^ 5 r ^
"^m^ cmtT^ ^^rn tii^ ^ l i p U v i i f i O T ^xtrm
spnR^ ^ M w T , t^r^ ^Rm 1^ Rzgt^ ^ ^ ^ R t ^5[R(^ STR-'^' I f%R f^ffonô (a.)-1%tf3

%?R I ^STlJsR (a. ^g5M5I)-(R?'3.1%R RÎ^t^
<5t?nfl=T I ^5tR^^ 1 ^ "'siiMiHK -ws a. 'ci(M

(g. ^ ^ j r
t'cTf , vo-RRsTjM-^-HlR^ll, ml^m, ^.
8 o i ) I <at ^ ^ t ^ T R w r a ' r f ^ ' s ^s\m '^^Rmr
ar^tit 8 ( i ) Levl-Provencal, Esp. Mus., i t . , ( R t T (Tf?I I la^^nRRRR ^ K H R s R<(lf5(vo ^

(^srraft ^<5pn5T:^ ^\9i<>\, f W i ) , oSs'b; (^) Dozy, Hist. (xsR-Rs^T^. 'snvaRRi, ^ t . , ^ o 8 ) I C*R^ -^^r^ tt% 'ojsp^ V3
Mus. Esp.2, ^ t . , î-s.vo I 2l^n%=r T r t f R RiSft^-^sT^ |voK^ v^l^ R^tWQ ^gRvo
E. Levl-Provencal (E.1.2)/ii. Ir. 'siR^p ^îsiR iiR!.-1%R f^^ltvo R>RJJI 'STHTR (A. J. A r b e n y - l R ^
Islamic Calture, iSso^b %, % i^ ''tt^R
'^Mtisii^ ^ ^-rm^ 'Wf^ (O^ ^lll
\5t., ^ 8 ; S> îft^-^snt^R ( T n # R t ^ - ^ v 3 f S R t , % i 8 8 ;
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Contents
. t ^ % 5 j , '51^. sj. ijsiis; (io) ôtT^ ( R t W T O , W^sT^Rniir?,
^WCf ^ (TOTC?? R??^ C. E. Yates, Notrhem ( i 8 ) W ^ ^ i p R t W R t ^ ' , ^ s I l ^ t l v j ^ l - W W T ? , ?l^(5-t W'G'STOI,

Afghanistan, w - o H ' j t e ^Prs) i '5. 5,; (i<?) W ^ T O W # TO%ftfi, sTTtîrg^l- TOlt?, ^J.
8 ; (i-b) s|^sp%^ t i f t p t i t t , ?t'Qiii^-'n^ ^ W'S'ftt^ 'sn^Rrs
%T^, I - S C o ; ( i i ) ^l^s^W-"^ W ? 5 t R ÎTêwrfT, "5!^
R 8 V i f ^ M M t W ; (iv) sTT'^ 'sn^ ^ ^ t f t , R1tf1-?Wt^,
^ % r t f e = W I ifl^sW^'S ff^ TO! #?5T l l R t i J , ^ 5 R R R ^'il^ct? Ci'^., ii3C!,->bvS; ( i S . ) '!n%Ft, ^^Jt*tf^ 8V5, ^'il.,
(}-C!,i3; (C!,o) v ' S ^ T f R T f l f ? ! ^ , fet^-^^, W ^ ^ i ^ WTSTtft
ftlRT^; ( ^ i ) Rieu, ^^ftt fttfertw g f t n s ^ f % f ^ volpRn,
i'^., ( ^ ^ ) ^'ffftiit^-^fR ( s T i t r a ^ ôt^r^), fIfRi ^r?,., i t . ,
^ i l ; (^^s) R. Levi, in JRAS, i o o - i o > b ; (i!,8)
(^-^5n1?#R ?T TOT?), WR5% f ? W R ?T-TO1^ TO4HR, W. Ivnaow, in JRAS, itsô l. i ^ . , ^ss 'a ôH-ovcj,;
( ^ 4 ) JRAS, iS>oti> d . , 5,o<?-C!,(}-<?: (cj.-b) Der-Islam.
R'THT gîtwir^ (tntfrTOT?),vj?vivj=i-^TOt ?t R t % n o TOt-t (iS>08 S S>0 'a i l (iti>C!,V '^.) S 0 - 8 'a (^q)
^rc5T?5f^ TTgfT? R-'filJM?J af^lTra TOt t^^t*{W^
Islamica, o ( i S . ^ H : i , H-i<?; (^v) Broekclmann,
T T ^ Sf^TO ,.c^ 'Ts'jfr I f^f^ ^5TTO ^ o T T t ' Q ^ ' p w f f ^
8vs â 'TRPit l l o - H < ? ; (î) Browne, Literary
? 5 T O % "WT f^-^âfR (^fT. l i W : ^ % T ^'3'?]T)-'il? ^
Hist, of Persia, 5,8'b, .^<?bS.-Ho; ( v s o ) C.A
Storey, Persian Literature, S.;^8-S.^l; ( v s i )
^ I T ' W ^*1J ^ e g t % o R>IMI S[TOft^ ^si^sm ^RisRr I t ^ O t f ,
'TO^-WR^, ôTtTt %T; (ocj,) ^ ' T O R f^-Trffi-f^ TO^,
vr^ ^TsRTW^f 'O % T W t r o iSi^^Tf^ T ^ ^ t aWPtô ^:?rTC5 I
TO?^-TOR, 131 i S . o M.; (vsvs) Ethe, tfelT ^sifipW
^*mf?P Arbeny ?!?R, ^ ^^PtWJ '^Hi^slt? ÎHÎlSl i^TO
9tT^f%p)>(y^?) \slPiM, ( l R < t ^ ^Hij?ll*, WRmft 'a
ftf%? ^>5t?^TOT?ap5t? %T^ ^ ?5R, ? Tftsf Tfpft^^
1%:totw) I
^ ^ Q T O n - J F t f ^ - ^ ^ T H o ^ , TT'^ ^%Tft, 'fT?nwT ? - f f ^ ^
W ^ i T ^ Wtft? ^M1C^ iRlR'^ ?? (Islamic Culture, valHWil (^.''TT.t.)/^spftgifR
t ^ ^ (^ <(JJI 0 s t?=T
. ^^GTrmT -sn^PTrfti t^ît^ f^^n:;^ "skû ^srtipr 'STOS'VO "srftR? (7R R i s # ^ ^ 1 ^ (3.)-'^ I
'îKij^l-xsrt^TOl ^ - ^ T S f f T , -STt^-^FT?- -^^-rPi t<FT
*iRt>HHt^ HiRic^ Rcîifevo H F R ( t i > o / i i i ) I voifes- rt%in
s r ^ f i i t s ( i ) ^ - " ^ ^ s i t ^ - ^ P ^ v[?r*iiivf ^ irt'^TT 'aTn%i-'^ 1%?^ '3tt%wtt )>Rw t%in ^ t R t w
' T W i t#PT-iTO^ t?^-^(FrpT (^. R cii'b), rr^-%^ (>lRi|ll v5lft?T I^ 't^^R? 'JW^SRR ^ *|Hijgtl?C<l>
f h i îfiiRiR* ^^R?t TO'I (>ifet ?tc ^ W ? (ipQiii ^ I W H ^ I
'Î^FT '^TOTO ^'R C<#R?R, t*p51l4?ll ^ T O fiCTf tpl (iKy?llO
TOT, CR l ^ f k (tpl W ^ W t f R ) TOT, STTtR? tpl W ^
8oo-8oi; (^) ^ ^ l - T p R W ^\<\\4 ^^t?5rH ?T^,
'TTI^ TOT'"tTf'no, ^'R ^trro SRR C?R ^C5<|5 I ^ i f R I%PT
^<I1*=1-?M|R1T (?tPt?m); ( o ) ^ - T O t f t , ^ s t f t ^ - t ^ m , fk.
i j T O I R T O W ^RTORT ? 5 T O ar?T ^^C?^ 1 'T^FT
8b-i % T O i a ; ( 8 ) ^-^55t, ^srron^-^pmrtSitJt, i<?; ((?)
W H i 8 - i < ? ITCSf 'sn-^'iglRW ttf^T ^^SRTTT ^tTO ^ ^l^Nm
^ - ^ g ^ , ôTTO?rft-*nf%Ttf^-ls??T, vsl., i i i ; (-b) s^^l^M ' ^ , ftf^ ci>H/li(J' ^ 'fW CTTTTO
^ T O R fm\, i|1>SttR>i=l-^*t*f1^, ^5. c-b; ( 1 ) ^ - i n f ^ , !>i<l>a)t^=l ^^5!:?R I ^5rt?5pT?3 c*R i1?=tf% f% ^?n%f ôT?t 1 ^ f ^ ?#?n TO
W R T ^ , R. 8 V i ftraKfOI; (b-) ^ - ^ T T ^ , ^-âmft Rt I WT:^, '?n%f t<R W f t ^>lPt^C<|5 "?volR ?]T<TC?
RsT-'Q?TfeuT^, t>ivoH<l=1 ^Tl. Gabrieli, io<?); (S>) 'si^j?? ^ <fi?^ s i # i F t ^11% alwfwi ^ n % ^ f^R;#n
^ p p p l ^ -oTR-TfsjvoT^fT, volUvl "sfTxft, HVC-b-b; ( i o ) iocj/Hô TO^ R R TOF'aTO ^ t R K ^ ^ôFT^ cti'aTrf
t r o , TO1?T^ TOR, o'^., O'bff-'b'b; ( i i ) TO'STO ^fC^tfl, ?? I îTTO 1 ^'^f^ t?=^ ^ i R w vilPlC*^
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Contents
s (i) t ^ t ^ , it., (^) ^prraft, f ^ , 'J. ^ ^51^ ^?,-mt W K I 'aTTi^-^ T p r R ^ r R R ifR

i i o i ; ( o ) t ^ ^^HR<gnl CPtt. JuynboU Matthes), i t . , ^^#?rr w R ^ s Ii]-??, ''iiN'aîf^ ^ô^^tR? w R t c ^
^>bi; ( 8 ) wmftw ^ m s i , fvs^ t^pftR^t, Gateau, 'tf^K^ W T W K I f ^ - ^ ^^lltsi (^) -^tc^ ^ r p -^"^
^sTRfitRTrf i S > 8 ' ^ ' ^ . R ^ i ?5Rm^ I Trtfi^ t ^ J['^-'5TR f^njp'ixMM (>bo f^.) ?jg?rR
R. Basset (E.I.^) / la! .iR. iSR. "Sft^^ll ^ ^ s j r vîiot ^C^ ^[R R ^ IJJTI
sr^t^ 8 ( i ) t ^ - ^ s r t f ? , S^-'sfRT, OoiK^H i'^'^ fk.,
o t . , i'b'^-'bb-; ( ^ ) t ^ ^BfR^-'^srrsRs-M^,'5nT-t^'Rf8
^ ilR'âil t ^ ^sffJi^SJjR^ -srlvol <p|ll<il R w 'Sltft S>)|<j)| 1^0=1*1
5f5i%T ^ >iMlv)i ( ^ ) - ? 'sft 1 1 ^ ^tR'^ ^f?R*t ctR3R la^sR
îmit^--^-K'Rf, ^. i t . , o i ^ i , îtn 1
I f l ^ -^1% fî?R I f%f^ > I ^ H R W T P T 1=Rc^'i ( ^ - t ^ l ^ ' ^ H ,
i t . , ( ? 8 ) 1 f%R ? T ^ p ^ (^)-<il? v|>StPlCT l f t ^ ^ i 7 5 K I ^
t ^ , ''=)hR^-^"'5iR 'Q %^'QJ!\ t ^ '^TO? R?^ ^ t r s 'ÎMISJI*. Ttnit IT-'^TRT
^ff^ W R -Rt, O t . , ivb8) I t m m ^ W ! R xUil ^>_i j j J ) 8 (^) t ^ ' S I R R i K ( i ^ g ^ ^STRPf ?tf%^)
R ^ ^snft *ihRI (^)-iira ' r f ^ ^SkR R ^ ' ^ I ^ i ^ R 1 ^ ^ 5 [ R p ^ - t R ? l # , ^ - ^ l R % >a?^WH-W5Wlft, ^ ' R R ^ ^ ^ T T I R I
mm, TTtftii, ' S ^ , ^ ' I M R I ^^tfR, ^ 5 < l R i 7 l , ^îtRT, ^ f%R ^5It^RR ^'if^ t t i ? R ,1 ^ 'a o|^)Hj -^C^ ^jftR ('T)-iaw
f ^ T f S i -Q ^ :!THT5Tt W t ^ " ^ W R ('oHI<M^, V t . , S'bi) I
-8 "BW ''oiT^"')^ <iiM<( "R^ ^ I ^T5RT t^T=TR W^lR-iiRt ^'^ W ^ T I W ^ l R - i i l ? ! R ^ S # f ^ = f
at^-^ ^ (tTPff^, it., 1 ^^-PWR^-Rrn^ SITw i %R ^ t?rffe6w I ^srt3#t5^ K R t f R sffete liT^
^-^kROo f%R o e RiSffbs '5î)H i<n)-'SiS ^ l R i ? R ^ f l w i f t e ? ??R ' R ^ 1 'STR^p^ -îRii ( ^ ) 'ITWI
"tt^nrt^ W ^ T ( ^ - t ^ , ^ t . , O i i ) I ^tRR ijil Tn%T W'olW ^5[RR sfiR RlTfll?R, CTIC<t ^5IRR (Jl^STlR ^
?rt<?sp ^ i ^ ^ i M (TitfR t ^ "jsnR'TiR iiwcf "si^ *(i.*ijcR R^T) ^^f^ (71) R i ^ (^)-c^ mfff ^Rrrtfww 1 ^ - P J I R t ^
^3TRR t ^ ' ^ ^ ^ t C ^ R ^ ^ (^"RRsl^, O t . , i'be) I '^STRRwr t ^ "TO'i ^5KR Rt^ ^c^ R?iRt^ W K , ^srtR ' R ^ H
sr^f^ 8 ( i ) n \ ^-Rl^-m, b-t., 8vbi; ( ^ ) ( R ^ i r ^ ^ ^ (^)-iiR R ^ ^ t K t ^ R ^ ^ t K f%R
oll>t<>-H|^,^-t:ffRr, i^'Ob- f^., iit., ' O i i ; ( o ) <lPlOT'H 8 W I ^ R=11M<t R ^ -rnvSt-a IRS, c^wiw
^ 5 J ! t R , ^ ^ - f R T , C W R iO'^'^f^, O t . , i'bS, i>be; ( 8 ) iKf ^ ^tiiR^ ^Kf î?,!^ R ^ '^'Ri ^ I
" W R f ^ - ^ , wts=l-t*i^'^H, i t . , 0(?8, o e e ; ( e ) -îmi (^) R=1IW'St W ^ I R *Rf^ Rm ^r^^pK ('T)-*iR
-KI^, \RR''t<f-ôti5?l'^, i t . , Si'i); ('b) ^-Î'Rlfl,
<Pi(;Î^, R ^ (M^M ^5tRR fwir^ 'snt^ c>itn<t
^l>si^H^*l(l'^*l-'T'K'Rf,'J<r^'^. R., i t . , O i i I
(RRrrtfl I ^Pj^pl^ (^) iRiwH, " ' r s ^ I sM??n ^simm ^ 1
'S.'SiRppT iSt%l
^STRtC^ ^ R J f ^ ?,t?li(.^ 1"
^MiislK ^ .WR ^ " ^ - ^ S T Jji
j ^ L c jj-i 8 ( ^ ) t ^ ^ R t ^ ^ a r m 'sfm-^snjpf i f W K ^ 1 ^ - m T t ^ ''ilHR?!!^ <n?R, ^ R
^ - t R ? T # ^->)|R^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^srfJTRf KtCT iRIBô iflR^ ^5f|^ ft^ f ? ? t % ? t ^ ^ [ ^ (^)-'a? OTtl -^Rmfe^R I
î^-pJiR f|sT ^tRR ^'Rpi I ^ ^5KR '5r^*fsJ^'=t '("TC^ ? t ^ ^ l K {^) Cttt^R -$<1<)I^< C ' t M ^ ^Rc^f^M-I iR^ l i l ^
Wllôtf ;5(tC5 I ^ -siRTft 'a ^ ^ ^ 5 ^ ? R - ^ R t C ^ , -^C^ \STi6,IC<l>'a R J f '^sR^nflt^R I
\5rwêt <(>R?ii(^wH I sri^ 'a t ^ 'ÎNRci -m #ratc^, î^'Wrt^ 'iiRisik t ^ 'TO'i îtc^ '^'Ri W K , \Skr Rnsi
fef^ ^ 'a W R J ^ 'srs.-'fsrs^'t <l>RÎW; ^ f^. ^ ( ^ ^"=^1 Ovb 1^. m^) vb8 ??R il^-IR
^=-f5fêt ?SIRK ^ I 'srTfl^-'il? ^ (TtTRt^ 'TSf^ tRi<l>H W K 1 ' S ^ i l H ( ^ ) ^ t r a ? W R R R ^ I K H o I ^ S R I îRs^
a t ^ t M t r 1 t % F T t R T H s * ^Rjw?-sfus f%R^sfR^rrsn^ <i^, 1^ ^ - a ? ^ - " r i w s ^ W K I ?RRT ^
^ R - R - i i l ? ,îl<Mll % 5 R I ^KR T I t ^ ^ I ' ^ S T R g g r ^ ^ j ^ ^ ?tc^ v5(tc5^ ' * ) H i j ? l K t ^
^RR^TRT '^Rjii ^^#?rt%r i ^5^1 '^siRi?!!*, t ^ TiRpf t ^ It'^rRR '^RTt liRRf ' ^ ' I R t ^ '^HR<^ ''ill^lil-iiR R ^
T i m ^ 5 K R i^M? 2 f f % ^ R Rrai^ sfsêt I ^piR^m 'SItRRt < ( P l W H , " ^ s i R ^ t ^ m^-'A^ ^ 1 ^sfTsiR fSpsI
"^srmoa STTI^-^ ^-m-B ' S T ^ -"tft^ -fesTK I % I R R R
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Contents
'oiH^^ ^ Wsf-t?l^ ^T'SIRT (?T)
t ? ^ ^l<l(H=1-'Wfk ^?[feR, TOT ^ WTO .(?[t)->3? t?] (TRtfR ^R?TR?H I 'J?^ ^ i T R f f R

T>T%\o TO i" t r o ' t ? t%t^ ^t?n;^ ftf TO ^^fcw I "tîî^t.RI^ ( T R t i R ? iTtR? 'R'=f ^c?^ lii??, g^ R(.*fi <pRc^
*tt?t'il^ ??=f ^c?^ I
^8b; (^) t ? ^ - W f ? , ^ ^ - ^ -m, O o ? T O i O I I R , O f . , '>ITWQ^ W o t 2ffW w^'s vsTTO '5rt*U ? # t ? 's^f % r
iibC-^b^b; ( o ) t ? ^ W^-WR^t^n^, W ^ - t T O T , io^b- WA^ "siroft ( T ) \o"i?iw w o ] ^ "s^
i NRF R : ^ i Rf^ w t f ^ ^jct?
f?., i f . , O i ^ , T ^ f T l 8>bb->b; ( 8 ) W ^ - ^ - R t ^ , ^5mftw igttcsRf ? J R O T ? ^Hi^v xiTTOt fsrffc^ isffRpo^ I ifl^ ^ra^=f
WW%[-T-K-Hr, 'i^ms vof. R, i f . , o i ^ , T?,fn oc:lS.c:l I sTTOft (^) >oi?rw fsrf^w^'a^ (<MFO^'^)-'5? ?5Rn
=it?Jif^W'^ <1ji jL-i-c
LJJLVI .lij) ? f t S r o ' s i R ^ , ^ ôtRf ^si^r I w ^
t?iT ^jRo (?T) [5.1 ^si*? illPl^" (?T) tS.l-'^ T5I?s^
^ Rc*'^ I 'w?5sr5 (?T)-iii?r ? # T O 5 ? ^ % %r, 'srt? ^ ^sR
^ w wii-RTOt?5% -ûs f%f^ ? l ^ g ^ (T)-ia? Tf^rt" ^
I W T O * ( w w t r o ferf*!^ ?pf??n ?!?r, f%f^ ^n^tft
WC'^M iSRT fTO*tW? R^ <^RM'1 CIWM Rf^ ^f?#?.
^TC?i^ I ' w ? ^ TO"5rR t ^ w t ^ 's T i T ^ t?=T ?t%?r ^5tTO 1^?5t

^ ôt^tW? R^ ^^t??tWT I 'W?ggt? (^y-m ?sRR#3 TO!
t^3Mlt t ? , ' ^ T^?fro TOH ^sfR^?.'^ #?no R*ttOI
^tc ?5i:?^ I
?t^lC6j I
ar^^r^ s ( i ) t ? ^ - w t ? , ^ f ^ ^ r - f M , csm^ i o i i R ,
ar^'T^ 8 ( i ) t^^'nX 0/ c^f., SS. f . ; (^)^t^Rfra, i'^.,
o f . , i>b8; (c^) ^'TTO W^-'^|>(J> "FfT^, W ' ^ - ^ ' M , f^'I?
8(t% b'\<t; ( O ) W o - ^ - R t f t , i f . , i8>bo, i ^ i o t.; ( 8 )
ioC!,br R, c^f., o i i ; ( o ) ' W ? ! ^ - T O ? , W^f-'tTft'W?, i f . ,
W n - W ^ t ^ , o? T^, i i f . , b-o id-f., c^S.; (C) RTO W^TtR^-
o ( ? l ; ( 8 ) t ? ^ ?TSfm W ^ - ' W I ^ ' H I ^ , vTO5-%v5-\s1?5l1, i f . ,
^?mT, i f . , ivb'b-so; (b) ^ t ^ - f f - K T , Of, iJiJs; (S) Wsf-^-HT,
8i>b; ((?) W^-?1?lff, ^ f s t f t ^ W W l t ' f - T O ' M , i f . , o i i i
8 f . , bb; (b-) W ? - R % ^ Ws'T-W'^ (5. ^ sfTf); (s.) G.
^. W ? ^ ^ s j % T
Weil, Gesch. Mohammed der Prophet, 350; ( i o )
n^[Pf^ ^^TiK t JJ < l i I x ^ ) s (?T) RahatuUah Khan, Von Einflus des Quran auf
'SH-WRT l i t W ^ - f p p T # W=^-TOft W^-TO^'^t? (?T), '^'SStrs? der arab. Dichtung; eine Untersuchung....
'm^r 'b^^) T?,fr1tvs Rftn ' w ^ - t r o TO'wc Abdallah b. Rawaha. Leipzig, 1938.
W ^ ' r a ? ^ ^H>ilW<l i R s t^f^'G ffl^ % 5 R I t%f^ A. Schaade (E.l.^) / JpftgfRTOl^
%5R TO^ TO5^ ((?rf)-iil? ^5fW5j TTT^trffaT^ lifftTO
(T)-ii]? T^^Hlv Rsi?t<o? f ? ' W ^ g i T ? (?T) ^5TTO atTO wî-wwtf (?t) ^q^f f j t R r o W f i T O '(Rtf,
RET^ I R G ^ F?CM^ % 5 R I ^ t t r o m?hI1 i^RssRlam ?sR 'a 'v5fr<pHl?. 'st'livoii ^t#? I il^HR stfJl^ f m M
t%i^ wi?=f ?sc?^ I ^5i?t? f^RRO rw ^r^sTOf t ^ ^'^trt
( T ) - i i ] ? f ^ ^ TO^%r I W R 5 T O f ^ W ? ^ p I ? C ^ ? ^ ' 8 ^ < 3 f < f lit?? 'IMI? ^TO 'Pt?"!! R j ^ ^ÎIRH 'W'l? tsETOt I ^ttro
, ??*t9TR?n ^ wî!4i. t ^ ?tTOt t?^ ^'n?t t?^ tvRt)
Rsm T ^ T O si^lTO c-^^ttTO ^ 'W^gm (?T) 'a TO^ t?=T ?ft?'T t ^ W ^ t?^ X-^^t'A ?ft?'T W^^-WTOl? t?^ TTlR^
W^-Wlk? ^ ' T O f t?^ ?^'? t?^ fT??l^ W^T-WTOT?
\s|^f^^ Rot? TflW ^^5t?t^ îRjill'IÎW ' R R f t ( T ) ^t4,IW
(W^-^TOft, ^^f., ^. oons) I V5TTO ^ I T O <C?l*n5 ? ^
RrsF? sfRf^ Rttc? ' i ^ i T O ?TRirf f5i?i%=iH i c/^bciLi ff'G?It TO I ?ff W^'5?Wi, W^?!"!??!?! W ^ W l ? I tTO
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^<l^*iia f R ; -^K^ ^ ^tcsi ^Kicii^ ^ T I T U S ? mm*\ ?CT 10 iSR (?<^Rtm? TO^ ? W , t ' K l f t
2 f f ^ ^51?^ irof^ (T) iit^ 2rt?*tt^ 1^"^^^, 'ô 't., <t\r<t) "SW^ ^ Tj^SR iRsTt ^sffRt?
w^wfra? 'iRo ''oiHîjti^we cra=f ^^fl?tRi?R I V'ls^b- '53#rati:<=f? 11=1'9vS> 5t?T Rf^ ^ W f s R ^Rm W ^ t T O Rot?
fn?!t '5r?,'*|sr?=fTORlil??. OTfRRt TO*Wo 'S}?t ?5C?R I ?T?IW^
fr?lTO RetC?J<l f ? ^ s f W ? ^ff^ ^,TO!?(? tRsiT^f f^^M<=t? ^ .5}^'=t? ra ?t|3ifi?j|< (^T) î,ic<> îR6i.i cttca? ^fffR (<?tt)
( T ) >*t?lC)5 [ T O R t ? ^ ? - l f ? ^ (?T) 'a w t * ^ t ? ^ W f t ^ i f t ?
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W K t M , t., 1 -sm^ -^pfRrsttef fîsRrs <pttm fe^lCH^ iSRJ ^ f f ^ ^ 1 % ii,t(;\s^ l i R l ^^RCtCT W i R ^tt:^
SPSJR^ ( ^ - ^ s f R t , ^ t . , So'\) I
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(^)->ii? f i t ^ ^^"fsfêf !R5T ( t ^ ^n*^, ^ s R m ^ , vst., 'J.
771^ I 3^ 7i^;?s^ ^ ^ <)>R<||fl Slt% =TO ?tf5tC^ I eiie), "STft Rw?i ' R ^ . ^^'QRT -^rfts i <R5?RT
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>fpiR ' W S f H p T ^t ^ ^ m t (^) (?rttw^t1i: I RsR

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Ot., (2-^<b; ^-'^STRT, tao<b) I
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80.
tf?^t f^'# R?W5e I

^51^ T j W ^ >ii:^JilW ^s'R! ^ ' S t l T O C^^S }siTOn ?1-51?^
iBi% f^mm m c^rfwra c'sr^c?? tRnt r t o ^ T O ^ .
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t ? ^ ? T T O J W i f <lPli)lt^'i 1 ^ s f a ^sTTOt T f C f âfsTJTg ^ 1
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Si
^wT^stTT ^M^ 1 1 ^ 5(t?nt 'MM (RWk ^JfJ*? Rt^t '*t3F ?tft% ^5naTOR ^ ^ T R R ^ l l t W H I ''R
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t.RVb
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^t?^?tTO1(?t) 8Cl '"oii<i,i?ii? ?t?n?T (?t)
R r o (50, (50 f t ^ o ^ (5.) ^ ft(?H I ^^slTO 9^ l T O R^'lft^ ft(?H I (?#Rt

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^ R ^ ^st?tw? f ^ f f ? 'SRI 1 ôpgw? t'iPiTOT
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Contents
'^5(RipR "ftlt^ (?T) 8\s
sj'ojH'oH W H 1 51^1^ ft^rars? w r c ^ f ^ t1%^

^ f ^ t W (?) ?lftfsraiT, C t f ? ^ , t ^ . f ^ . , ^ . f ? . ; ( ) ^ T O ^ I s t t l T o ^-I^^Rh t?^ ^^sKt? C'ffas
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f i t c t i f w f f%1% -^Rnm R-sifivs w h i t r a - ^ t ^ - ^ c s - w m
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Contents
88
^lM4ttfi!llil -^V^ ^TO'S I j R ? ^fB^ I ( i o ) t?5Tl?tt^, 'J. V i V 1.; ( i i ) 'TO-^Tfa?n%, 'J. t.; ( i ^ )
''ilKl?!!*, lilt R g t ? W 5 T ^ < F tpTOt^''SIPTC^ A Muller, Der Islam in Morgen und Abend land,
?? I ^ RsRi ^nu^ 1? iiiî3C5f?r "trwtf ^n^^ i f . , ^bb- f.; ( i ) S Lane Poole,' History of Egypt, %
'*IH^l?ll?5l ^'f'=f ?5?f ?? I (?T)-iira ft^T t.; ( i 8 ) A Butler, Arab Conquest of Egypt, ^.
'sihl.gkw 1w?i? W i f ?tW? l f 5 ? WT (?t)-C?s 8<ii<t t.; ( i 4 ) G, wiet, L. Egypte arabe, Paris 1937,
iTs#^ s p t m R?rfiR tort I R ^ <pr# < i ^ t ??rRit i 27-32; (i'b) Wellhausen, N. G. W . Gott, 1901,
'^l<)il?lk 1 W 3 ? *l|ilHl^ ^ ?sR; ' m t?Jlfe1'< I fitRPiff 8, ^. Is't., i o I
^^sTR (?T)-iira 1 ^ ^srîR? ?sRt atRst^ t?iifî i C H . Becker (E.I.2)/^^^^[ftRTO^
'^M"igii^ ^ ^ ^ ^mm^ (<1JI

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Rdtit^?! '.iHii,sil?? s i R R R w r - ' T t t ? t ^ R'Piw R'ra
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(?T)-iira TOll? 2|I#IW 'âiHijsil^ W f ^ I T O WiRT TOTO v54)-'!s4^
?t vsi/'bebr TO^T t R s ^ H ?sc?^ I R R f^tV^'i "5!;^ '5RS,*laK=f'
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^^fertflj^ liR? Sl/'bl'b-l 1t??T ^stTO t%?5lcf ? I S ^ Ti'xl^
8 f . , b - V O b ^ ; (^) Wft?, t1?T, ^f., i 1 ^ ; ( )
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1?lft, i f . , iib-OS. f. ^4Jv5, ^Hb-C, C^Vio t. i V i l 1. ^VÎJS,
i.\rb'\ 1. ^JVo v5o(M; (b) t ^ W i ? , ^f., ib-J t . , 8 8 ,

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vsf., i l o ; (b-) ^ t * ^ , ^f., 'Jso, i S . i ; (&) TOTt^*^ î^b;
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80:
'SîlH fttf%-l CtCTT^ I k ^5T?m ^ ^ - W T W p t ^ ' W W - i i R ? 1 % F (Zsjft i R ? ^ ) ^1^1?t??t

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W r s n t ^ Rstlsf (^gtft), >bSi; (^Js) W ? - T O t f t , Ttlk,
Frlendlander, Abdullah Ibn Saba, In ZA, iS>oS>
^. R, if., î; (1) TTR, W s - W i ^ s , ^Ri^, t. R ,
f., i S i i o i-8>b; ( V ) W?-RR<h3], W ^ . W ' T m ,
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^3PI?; (SI) L. Caetani, Annali, vlii, 82 f. ^ (io)
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TO^ t r o t c t w ^ I 2(fw W f T O w ? ^3 TO^
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8b
?^ft!î?R I ^ - 1 ^ 5 ? RcRw ^wtM^'t^r ^-sfsrti^ t . , i'^'ls; ( b ) t?^ ^ - 1 ^ , ^ - t ^ - R t , .^t., <\\ro; (S.)

>m 1wWfl7 W ^ ^; Rs^ ^ t 1 ^ ^5t^tOT? RWMR ^ - f ^ ? R ? R 5 f t , ^ o t f t ^ t l f t ^ , mm ft. ioCi, i t . , (io)
^ - ^ t ^ , t = W t ^ ^ , ^t., i8b; ( i i ) ^ - ^ ? r R ' ^ , 1. ^8%
>tMi? (Rttm^f ^ t 'it'aiit 5jr?i t?^ ^^-HR?)^, i t . , i 8 i ; ( i ) tW^ <iW^, t t l k l ,
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^ 5 t i ^ ^ ^ - ^ - ^ i T H (cr; I I ) ^ t w t ^t^nr;^, (a. ^ R T R t ft. i'SoO, 'J. i i b - -si.; ( i 8 ) f%'T<i'=i ^ - w t ^ - , it, ê, ^^mwRi^, Wolff Muh, Eschatologie, ^J. 'bS. ( W R f T l ^ , 1. oS.) ;
T T t f ^ ' f l ^ , ft. i ) f ^ ^TfETST C^frst^^fcf TSf|5f-^-7(t?R ( i i ) Noldeke- Schwally, Gesch, Qorans, i t . , i'bo;
(o^.uxî)-?n:t ^ t ?#?m:5^ i w r m f w ^ ^r'^jpt-s (ib-) M. Steinschnelder. Pol, und apolog. Lit, 'J.
^--snîf-c^ f%l f % i W'^Dh i s r t ^ îtttc? ^ti^ i i o '>\; (iS.) Hirschfeld, JQR, % ibbS., 1. ioS. -=1; (cô)
^^TlCT? ^ t sif^.ylc^ i istlRtil 'a csra^TRîw f ^ (?t)-tara J. Mann, JQR, % i S . ^ i , 1. i^'^; (cî) J. Harovitz,
^ f|i?H I '^^sjK (^)-.ra Rtijlc^?] ^JRi f%R '5^viM ZDMG, ^. i S . o i , 0:^8 t ; (c^ci) J. Barth, Festschrift
(?t)-(R5 TiTiiaRt W ^ tfl?^ t % F m fSrat'HSf fttm^R ?7f atiistm Berliner, ^. iJsoo, 'J. (ô) Caetani, Annali, i t . ,
X5HJW? ^flf^ f|i?H I '5^viH (?t) f^ 8 i o ; (^8) Wensink, AO, % iS.^, iS.^b; (^(t) G.F.
(?t)-tara 1 ^ mi"^ ^ I ('QTHf^-'^sn^ wt^) Pljper, Boek Der Dulzend vragen, Leiden ^. iS.^8;
''srtt^ (?t)-ta? f ? ? ^ ^^m\ ^ t c ^ (?t)-c^ fw5 (ci'b) B E O , % i S i i , =5. i8<\ (Abdullah as wall in
cbgt <>R?jif^W'< I ^'I^T?! ^''snR'Tit (?rf)-ia?[ 'îfl: ^ i i ^ Hamah); (^'^) Brockelmann, i t . , C!.oSi 1
J, Horovltz (E.1.2) / (TTf. -sn. t.) ^ p S ) ^ ttI^
\^<=^\^ t f ^ W R f???t ^si^sTRR ( R t ^TSRs t?ii|,^ f ? ^ rsjrtbpt
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RiiJid-H I ^ 5TI3[tf ^sra? sM?7It ^RÎIC^'H I $?y>ilw^ ^51^ ^ ?tctsf 'HijsiK I ^5t^ ^ f ^ ^m^'a f^!?R
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(?t)-iil? 5^0 f^P5?f2fe ^l^^'T^C^? R'STIt?!!^ "^f^mn^ I -oHlSl ^'S^tTO ^f%f^ w n R ? ^îft^ STTT^'Tf^'f ^-aTTR f%f^
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t ^ ^ - ^ t f t ' - t i R ^'f-ilviCô f%R ?I^S33pt^ (^)-ta? ^
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snttf,'!^. Wellhausen, I- i'lsS, îe; () ^-'5-Rift, ^ - t ^ " R t , .^t. 0^0; t ^ ^ - ' S f t f R , ^ 7 ( ^ - ' 5 f R f , t . i'^'ls) I
f^^; (8) (?lt^, ^^^t, Zotenberg-f^ ^si^pfT, ^ .at Rf^ I ^ t t^ ^"Tfte: Ti^^^^c^? ?'1hr
it., 81r; () ^ - < [ t l f t , f%^stl5f "sitfet, sf^m ? R ; (b) tRtf^ I ^ ^--Jj-Rlft.at "51^ ^ - l ^ W R ' R ^ s i w
^^^|i')M, t., iobr, d"*!., S d - o ; (l) 'sjtfR,
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Contents
'w?'aii?t?^TOTW(?t) 81 'WGG^T^^'RM (?f)
^Mlvsil R p (;^) isngps?I% |9R TOI? R ? (vS) T I ^ T O T

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8b- ^stR^t^ (?T)
liR^ ^st^lZ^s f ^ I^S^R f ^ ^Tftra ^snf^rat >|i|C<|vi>

Rrcgtfw^^Rf^ ?Rn?R, ^ s t r r r r f|5f ^spsps 1
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'cIrIci^ ^l-^t^sik ( f ) ^Piwi, t ^ i H l i l ! 'st^tw?
R?5& ^tfl? ^siitT 1 ? t f l ? ^snRrai ?%?R,
j j . V <dl V(îJI .dJIjJ. <lLII 1 ^ 1 j j ^ l J nL
"(eR?t tÔr^ ^siRtfl^) ^st^ tl<tl*fWa?5^ t2?R

xBiîf f w R ^'I'^tC^Rt^ fiViilcs?, la??, t^lt f^îT '^t'R <pRiilc^,
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tlil^ R'-^R
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Contents
8J>
'P*tC<^'^'STOs ^ <p{i*ihl \sl?t Isfasl*!! <^fgcl I ^'Q?TCS? ''iHisii?t?^TOrm(?f) ?r^3PR ( r ) -sti:^ c ? t i % ^ ? i ^

^ rW? ? T ? % R ? W T ^ t R R ?Plf=r (R)-(R5 TORs OiR^llts^H J 'SRI? ?*RTfa ?-T%^ R^fjf CTfB '^t?!?
<t'Rc'( I iflTOra WpRTt (R)-(R5 "StHlt^l CT, . R ^ ,^tc^ ?R RT^rft's ? - # ^ R?T?mo <)>Ryic^41
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R?1?t^ ?R?^ t?^-R"?? Wn-?5t?llt-, W ^ TOTRT
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. ^ ^ - l i R ^mus fen i n f e i T <nf^ i wosra 'jw i r a / 3 f # W l ^ W T - W W l f f , RT?^ WR-'TPJ^, %?nit. W?-^[?Tft,
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5^? w ^ ? T O 5 i t (^) ^=rsa^ am^ <-R<ii <5t3iw*<, ^%g^
t*t'=ll51 R'JfC^^R
t . R . ^ H
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Contents
(2-0 '^sTRg^t^^mRwi (?T)
( R t ^ c ^ ^ i '^sTRpt^ Rt^ri^f (m) <iRiwî, ^ 'siT^ ^^fen ' ^ 5 r R 5 ^ t ? ^ (?T)-(;?s ^mRnR

^'tfe?? 'I'CRif Rsra I ^^?t?RT (IT) ^RR^H, t ^ ^ftet ^^c^ >StCvbl>1C\bf ^t?n ^ i R t ^5(<r?R ( R f ^ T l t ^ I ^tl20<t % R
ITiR, ^tb 'siTRa sitllll?? W f l C T (^PR'S ^nsTT ^ ? ''slHij,?!!^ ^ÛRCR c^snwmT^, ^ - t ^ - T ? t , :!,t., ^. vscî) i
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RRTa^-^T^n?!, t . , ^. ^8-(2-) 1 ^sfTSTHRi t t f ^ sTt?n R i t ! R ifl?" ^ msm^ 'siitj'snr^
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<t>t3yics?'i T Rf^ ^srtff Trr^-^^l3r (m) '^<^ t^nW'TRS!^, ^t.,'J. l r o ) I
W t R 'jfStfk ^C?^ R^^Ritft '^ra^'S s1l=y?lk (^)-C^ ^PlCo ^-^T^llt ?C51^ (R, R ? 3 W 5 -517;^ '^stT^^t^T^ t ? ^ ^R^nsj (?T)
Rr ^ (R, (R Stlj^lt'O'Sl ^5rf*f^ '.5^^^ '^STR^Wt^ Rf^TTsi 8^5 f t ^ f ^ r r a . t f l W R ( t ? ^ TfSfR'^siT^'T^,
? T # 5 I \5t^ f t C ^ l i ^ ^StRI'o 7[tf^ ^tillO^ , ^ - t ^ T ? ! , c^t., % ^ i ) 1 ^ ^ - T ^^ ^tt^ ^ m
f|i?R, - ^ n ^ ? ! ^ 5 i : ^ (^) ' R r a t ^ at^t w ^ I ^Sra? cstT^
(ii-N.)jlii;.^j^^lLL:lViS ^ ^^5^5 ?T^31T^ ( R ) ff?I (35tTR ? R R , -snsTR ^ Î^Tlt?! (7R
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Vi^)I
1- ^ 8 ) I
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{. 'b^V; t ? ^ 'IHR1-?R?, ^-t>i'o)''4lK, t>iHR 1N'51<M<1 sn^tiit 8 ( i ) ^ - ^ f ^ ^ s r t ^ ^^rffrt, (^) ^ - ^ v f t f f ,
^ - R l f t ^ , TiR=R-RMR, f?TtR, (Rf^ ^srR?, i8iViS^'>, i l ^ ^ " ;
t ? ^ -^^rra? (?T) (R, ?|5i<^?ii, (R) >iRRR
(vo) vBffs-f^gf^, ^.igftf^, isr(^.Tn^^ ^ t R i c a ?i^fwt, f ^ ,
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''SIMU'Sik t ? ^ R I ^ ( I T ) ( R t T W s f i R ^ ^ Q M ' F I ^ ' m f?. ^t.; ((?) t ? ^ 2^-TSiR 'tsim^-MI^, ^ - t ^ - R T # ôfsiftf^-
'ir^ '*iHij?ik R m (?T) >iRs cpff^Rt îjîjeji^ c^ym RT^, fSpR, i ^ b - f t . ; ^ I t j t 8')C!,(2-); (b) ^ C^t?5,
oRw-F I ^tn ( R ) 'siîc<' \sT^-ftl}5-\5T5?i%, ???r, (mpw, i:'^(2- 'w; (^) (?it^,
<lPlMH, t*11lW?) -sjiSff^svoKR * r R t ^ ^ R ^ R ^ ^ t ^5t^!f)f5-ôr^%, -^R^RRR ( T f r f W o J ) , i^<2- ft.; ( V ) t ? ^ -
îRw ( ^ - T m # , âRf%?T^-^WtSf, i t . , ^. Cj.'b-C^'^; (?Tt^, ^srtfR, T R f , C'o^^H, i'^'^ f t . ; (J) t ? ^ '"ilHftl ? R ? ,
f^RRs vsnsTlfsR-^^, ^. g i ' ^ - i V ) I ^ - t ^ * ^ , f^'R, 'ol. f?.; ( i o ) ^lf^" rW5|^ ^ R " K f % ,
tiPo 'Sif^ W R -SRHiR ^5lf?R5lft ^ ' a ^ RC^'S 'spt ^ f ? R t ^ - ^ ' W T S f , iTR t^t?1t^-^?T^ ^5tM- '^stRTff, t??n5,
3m RiiD # ? T f Tff'R <pRc'0'i I ^Si^nRa (R*f 'sftai'S ^ i f ^ "SR;*]! (?RTSR, i'^'b/iS<t'i5; ( i i ) (?It^, f^RRi vsiMlfsR-fql^n, '^jms,
1 ^ ^ I ifiwT? t i i ^ ^Ti:^ (RT?tT ^^Rnr îtRt (m^, iSovb/iSiVb, 8fRS^.; (iC^) 1^ ( R t ^ , ôtStftw^simtt^-
R15:T?T, M^H-H, 'ol. f?.; ( i ) ^"Tf^^' WTsnîi%T
^ t R f ^ w ^ ^? - ^ n ^ R , %T, ^ t^JT ^ 'STTipi-^^'miigf ^ tsfm-fiRff, 'ssi^'^-^^fRm-^, 'sn'Rit?-
^ ^ T l ^ <^(5C'o blltt'of^ (^RR><l''=1-^"'?PptW, i t . f ? ^ , ???P, W ^ H ' I , i 8 i 8 / i ^ ^ 8 ; ( i 8 ) R f ^ 'SrpTRtft,
c!,'^) I ^ ' R ' m ?4TR ^5i!%f?^ t ^ v s ? % i ^ (R, oPiMH, f^RR^^-^m^, t T O T i R f H T f ^ R T , R T C 3 ^ , ^ . f?.; (i<2-) t ? ^
<1>"lflji| ^-'SiT'Sfwl, T I T ^ ^ ' ^ - ^ '^Rf^ t R R ^ - t ^ R ,
^ ( R ) -C^ ?1%^ R?Ilit (R, 'JfR^ ^51^ % ifl^t f ^ , t ? ? ^ , C^?R!T, i8i(2-/iS.S.(?) 1
^t. 8i^) I
''iiMti.giK ^ 'Hfsrsn ( i . <jji 0 s (^)
(RfR's sj^fRnR ?fRi?i R s t w f 5 ^t<=fr snR ^Rrrt t?^ 5#R5 t<R1 2^lf?^^->4IH>1'lIl, ^ ' R R I f^
'StC^l^tC'bt ^5t?T ?tRi753T I t ^ ''4)l>llf4< ^-TRR ( ^ ) ' R W ^
t ^ ^sftfr ^ -^t^ ^^li:^ (?[, <(PiwH, ^snR i)^Hi^
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'^NUgf? t ? ^ R l ^ t ? ^ (?T) 4i
si%Tr?[ w3T cntisa? 'wra t ? ^ 'w^^p-ig? R^c't feot ^jcg ' > a i M H g i K ^ ^ g ^ t ( u i ^ c ^ <iii 8 (?T)
RR ^sn^ l i t I %R w ^ ^ ^'br?tsj?'=f ^^cg^ ii?? ^ 5'ôtR? t ? ^ W T O i t ? ^ wm t ? ^ ?tTO" t ? ^ 'w?Rwt?
^ * r f W o ??'=t ?sc<R 1 wf?m sjiwra ai'^miw ^ k i w ^ i ^ t r o t^,^ t ? ^ ?l?l? t ^ t ? ^ ?nR t?=^ gW?7 W ^ f - W T l f
Wfet TOR ?? I . ^? t % F t ^ T O (?T)-iil? W t R t ^ lil?? sifm Rt?rf 1 W I ^5tC^
TOtTO RiSttlvjxMW R R "iTTO i1??nR? I W f R ? 'iRo.
s f ^ f # g ( i ) t ? ^ R l R , W 5 - ^ 1TO5I '2??^ wr. R., f . .
"51^ ?5C?^ I ' i f R l ? ^w^ ^ TO?> "511^ C^ttfl?t ^ T O t t ? ^
S^bb-; ( ^ ) / t ? ^ W f k , n'KI, C?TO ii^sHH R,
'W?Rr ^JjR "r?? t t R^'w t ? ^ ' W ? R i ^ r R w ' j c ^ ' s r ? ^
i l l - i i b - ; ( ) t?=^ ^ T S f R , t R ' R T , f S r a i ^ b - R, A t . , v s ^ i ,
? ^ 11?^ tR?*T^* W ? - i T O ? - i a ? -src R R ?^Te?? ^
81^1; ( 8 ) W P W i f , TORT ^ f e , 'si^. TOW, W?^'T TO5^,
^-fRio Rc5W 1 ^sm t ? ^ TTtR ^ t?5^ ar^t
#?^Rtt:??'R^s ? ^ wTOi i r a ^'tR R r o I
RR W t ? # C ^ I ? T T O R TO^'ft^'ft tt>aTO W ? T O s ^
' ^ N l s i K ^ ^ i n f ^ ' (j^:^4iii mm R R j I îR? ^ t t r o ? R 5 R R w <R?Jt.c^H 1 ? '
j J i l j j _ , ) g W R - W F p n f t ( ? T ) W l - ^ t f t i , liRfSt^TOt^ I R R t f R l "^^TO (?T)-'il? RTOPt?ne=t (^8/v!588-4Mv!5) R R

Î^STOI . C t r a ^ t % a ^ R R t PTTO CTOS? I tfe<M=1 TO^ I
" W ? ^ W f 5 j i : T O R?5t fe^l^tS W W fe=W <)[=iol W R ] ^ .WRW? RR Rg'i^ I w?T? snR
TO^, ^ T O T S T T T O R S T f t ^ ?te'W?^1?TO5I ^5tTO 1^1?= R5R
RfH TO?. ^v5? Tp:^ w?,;ft^'l R#?tf|"C^ â??. f = w R t I R R ' S T O (?T)-? ? R n TORTC?? 'iRo R r o RpS W ? ^
(*#-n)ip:^ (R5îiCM> TO?r!:?) TORt^ ??'=f ?st?ii i ^stro c?fH Rtoi
sr^f^ s ( i ) t ^ R T O , W R - % n (<mn;?t is>oo) , i t , sn^b,
s r ^ t i t s ( i ) t ? ^ R t R , w-\5 i?i?> ^??f^ ^ . f?., >!5b-8; (^) W^-^?tR'ft, .RW|^ R t f # , TOfcs^ C f t ^ ( 5 I ^
o f . , SS^b; (^) t ? ^ W f ? , ^ R ^ tn?!, Cô^TO i H H l ? , . t . , icii'b'b), it., i(tb; (^s) t ^ R l R , 'Ws-^.1?t?5-"pg5r ^f??I, S??i\o
i i s . ; (vs) t ? ^ ^ w t ? , t R l ? I , i;^b- R , t . . iS.(?H, v s t , Sb-8-b-.'b; ( 8 ) <& C^t^, 8 t , i 8 i - i 8 ^ ; (ft) t ? ^
8 H^S^ I Wtt?, f W T ; t, i H i ; (&) t ? ^ ^ ' T ^ W ^ - ' W ' I ? 5 ' F # ,
(RT8 M'StlS=i ^^Rt
W ^ - t R " t ? t , i t , >8; ( 1 ) C1t^, f f t ^ .^ft?fR, ftt,
VMiîai^ ^ iiLy^ ^ ^ ) g (?t) t < R W i - v S ^ ; (b-) >a' (?Tt?5, \ot^-|t<;^ it, S i b - I
'ort?R=i ' ^ ? ? T w R - t ? T ^ , ?T^3W? (R)-'ii? 'Si^m TOt^ la??
Î^^R^T I R R WI?'^f?BMW? s i R ^ cTO! ? l ^ t ^ ' W Ctlft? I
^5tTO R ? i ' t ? ^ 'W?R^ ' ^ T O ?t^^[W^ (R)-'ii? R ? ^ ^ ' ^ i l l s l K t ^ ^ i ^ ( L j ^ ^ ^ J j i ^ ) gt?ffg^
?5RTO ^ i w c t j ('s/'bîf) ^ ^ s ? ^ " : ! TO â??, -5^\m R?!^ ?R?n wf?i? rR w^-t>t5ii^'^ CTtt ?5R?i
?IR^W? (R)-'a? ^ TO?T (?t) t ? ^ ' ^ W R M g^ ^ l i r o ? ^t^te^ 'ÎR'lSil? t ^ '5jR?t W R t'l'sll*f^' R W '^?T .ttc^ I R R
' f ^ t i R ?? 1 ^-mr ( ? t ) ôt?n:?5 orR, -gjc^ v s ^ R T O ?
>s^ m^m^' 1 ^-Rf^?5|t ^cgt ?#?tlti^, R R .
'TOR.'^W-'* w?TO ?>c?^ I R r i ' R? ?? i srt^raf5#f
t ^ R I R -St?":! <^Ry|fe=1^ 11?^ 'J-RTO '2t?-0'Ji')-'a? sTol^pte? 'W?i5W?^TOm
STCT ^ ^ I W5-^5Tftt^ ^ W t W t f k TOfft? <a^
Y-^, TO-eTO ??;%Ii:'r? f^lTOFt^ ?^f5T ('bif/vbîf-i'sV H(to) 1 %
#R R ? R I ?T^3W? (R)-ia? R r o (io/vbo^) R R - ^ l R \ 5 ?'îTOpnft.t?^ Y ' f ^ t R T O I sf^f ? # T O ' R W T O ^ ? m
R?R!'. " (sfsferlft) 'S^RtR^ I t ? ^ t R T O s ^ T O R W T - # ? T Rst?\o

RR t ? ^ w f t - i R ? ( ? T ) ^5tc^ ? - T ^ 3?t ?sc?i^ f ? ? ^ t ? t f ^ t W ? St^^f ^ S R 1 W ^SRftcf W?1^>i\C?<l R??":!
3#rst t?=^ wR^ ^ R ^5tTO R ^ ^tc ?ifi^ ? " ^ ^^Fc?^ I îfR ct*t_^^Rc Rm ?t5R, t R t f ^ smtw?5^<i ^ o k r r ? ^ ? t '
t ? ^ tîJl'SÎ TOI?5 \5tTO 1^1?= OTtftcs? TO 'TOtTOI
Rt^nc^ca Rsir? 5t?t'-a^sewt^ ?jRmfT ^ - t ? ' ^ 1?TO
S r ^ t i t g ( i ) t ? ^ R T O (?51?e?f iS.OO ^ . ) , W 5 I - # ^ , t . ,
R ' ^ ^ W e r o r o R R o ? ? I ^ R T ^^tW? RblM<) R -siTO?!
H i ; (^) W5=f->s?tR Rstip TOift, TOfcs^ am^,
(R)-iil? ^'R 51]^ ^RTO 2 t ^ 'Sf^'t <fR?1 Wf?R R?f5 'W?^pt?
iS)>b>!5, i t . , ^V(?; ( ) t ^ 5'nsft?W^-WR^1sTt%, W ^ - t f 1 ? t ,
. i t . , i 8 (^t. Sbîi) ; ( 8 ) <a' (?lt?5, ^t^?i?, (^t.,^^^ô i t ? ^ ^ - R T O ^ csR=t ?5c? 11?^ ^-Rm ?I^^3W? (R)-ia? r R O
' t w o ^^#:?T R R . îîc<^ w w ^ n n t î-<?n, R ^ m
t ' M i t t Rj|T35R
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'WRgpn^%H ^^RR (?1)
<'B<(1? RsfR fertc^ ? ^sfR^tt t ? ^ ^'R^n tf ^^7^ w<rt? fert sfR^ft's ftt? ^ i R , ' 5 i R ^ tR=TCsr ? ^ 'sric^ I ^ s t ?
<rf%?rt%t, "C^ ^5iT<pi ^(^^! t^|^^<(| ^ R K ^ 'Sll?!!^ Ctf?^ s[tR?s ^siRfsi R^r w sfT'S^ ?i'R ^tr^R-tt^T <^'^%
^ n % T ^ ? ^ n ? f f ^ ^ ' R H ^ ' R ^ ^ 'siiRt'otE?^ r'%t? ^!^ PPTC^ ( R % N 5 tft^ ^ ^ tt?R''^^'?^^t
'f? '^sTH^l^ t ? ^ 'j-feT-bRnrt'^ <^ ?T^J1^ ^siRgwR (?T>t?VT ^5?R^ CWlvblt?!! ^lî^lVHCWRiR .Rt^gf:^^ptl
(^)-.ira.f%t^g^vBiR<t"st?i R m ' t ?st iR<i? Rr?f (?R i .iit (R)-.il? R ^ - # R T rlRlWH I ^8'R-'XptR(5rRrft% ?t?t
^sr5^ 1? t ? ^ .^'RrnRTî^^ (R)-ta? ^'STrm ^5rft^.?5R;!?r' ?^ .^W ^ ^ f 2 r # T ? s R ^ I tat^ R5R ^tro? R ? R ttl%l ^'l
îsiii^ ^nirs ^^tR?^ w ^ 8 ?'s,'^ I ÛZR .at ^snêf vtt^CR Rpol t?^-^*^5IR? R = f
"c^ ? t ^ ! -511^ f r o ? fe^ *(tR^ ^ W t W - < ? H ^ ^ , ?T'nR^ tt=i I '^TRijgi^ (?T) wrart^' 'srsiKf tîtt"ôf^ -
R ^ w=f ^ (-8 iv>i>) I wR-^tTi^"^'T?5 -5^05 '5nt--gtfnft iiR: *)RP "siwj aff^ '^^TJtt ?tf5RR;^ I
W8R 'âjR^T^ ( ? T ) > ^ . .-t?R^l^;?R5rt :|^;<1I,.^<1?I1^
(R)-iil?. 5TR;^: ^?,"*?J5t W ^ I.^FfRfe^ ^ff^
%5R.| ^ R f % ? - 1 ^ - % 5 R W s ^ R r # I 'W^RsiOT^yRn
,\st^-t^ 5^^1*1=1:t^ "^srl^ <p|Rii f|ffi I ^l<i.ijg(^ (?t) ? 1 ^ 3 ^
(^)-iia?.R^ 1?Rt f^ltsR ^ R?TT5f ^Tlt?l ?Ri7?R, t?1:
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Contents
WR-tR#5tH, ^.R, t . , i(?>bV; ( f t ) TO 'W?^pl? -at 'SRTsI W i T R ? R I ?1%i "at alRRR ti!R?
g^gti^TOft, RTO^-TO[Rt, R R T O ^ . R , V i f . , 8ift-8i>b; a i R Rc*R T J T R s i i i ? ) <3 ^tR'Y^ ? T ? T O "^vs^ i R? ' ^ ^ i r o t ? t f t w ?
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it.^-iftib> V.., ^ "!I%T1? RalR^^f 1?tR^ '55(^'T-R"'SBiI, >bbrvS) 1
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? l R ^ igC R? i
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a t ^ t f t 8 ( i ) Wl-?tTO["tt, W ^ - W i f T O , ftt., i f t 8 ; . ( ; i ) t?=^
R f i f , ^1?W-T, ftt., 8>b f . ; ( o ) ^ - 1 ? ! ^ , ^ ^ , , 8i^-t..;(8)
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Sb'OX i'^) W ^ - W 5 I T % , i t . : , i ^ ; ( H ) A Muller, D e r
s r ^ i f l - 81?^ ? - W R i , t T i ? t , R ^ i o ^ v R, ^f., A s . b - , Islam, in Morgen und Adendland, i, 365 ff.,;(b-)
8>b8i 1 J. WoUhausen, Das arab. Reich, 16 ff.; (s.) H.
Lammens, Le_ Califat do Yazid ler. 231 ff,
( MFOB, V. 211 fl-.).
- '^l^ligglK ^ ^ ^ t ^ (^^ .<:^ j ^ u j i j ...c) 8
K. V. Zettersteen^Ch. PeUat (E.I.2)/ TOl^fT
Wi-ît?ft ( ? T ) ?I^^Wt? ( R ) - \\<^'i ?lR^ t ? ^ ? i f k I l i w T O R R f t ? Cilca? a t R R R R,>ii w '^Mi^SlK ^ {.^J^. C^Î j _ ^ ) 8 (?1)
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^ t ? T R 5 T " ^ T O ' a ^ S R CT^ I wrro R ^ '^'RSf M (?i) ^ ' ^ ^ ^5tTO R ^ ' ^ 0 5 ?'#5 ? ^ ^'OT I
aff^ra RT?tft Ri?R l i i ? ? ^ - a?sTO ? i R ^ t ? ' ( T ) - i a ? rR^
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R R îu'îl^.?<RtTO5T ia??t?ilc'o_R'tii<p|(,'=t^^M^ *p|=il<p'
? t ^ ^ T O i n ? i t t ^ , R s i w r m ? ^raiTiT RtRf^ cai?t <t>rajiif^M-t, 'S ^ TO 1ici5< ^Cslt W t ^ 1
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Contents
' T O ^ ?W5f W R - R t ^ ft8 'volHijsIt^ !^*?'W
Ri?R 11?^ R f R 'IRTO^^, \tfTO "SIM ^ tlR^ Rf^

t'lTO'2f?=f ?5RtRR5T i f?r?R^ f ^ R m , "^TOf RfTit
TOfRn Itro TOift ? R m ^ , R R u ^ h i ? ?RTOf
? - t w m W T r - ' W ^ - M ^ , W-1)5^0-^01??^. '2??lr iOio/i^Hft, 4 R M ' t 11?^ w f t ?-tRi ?rPiTO5^, vttTO Cii<iij?ii?) R<p^
i t . , 8oV I - .^c!aô%5 ^ t??ftf5t?i^?4RT Rn?:^ 1
ar^f^ ? ( i ) ? T T O " W R - W f ^ ' M ^ , WR-t^l^T, R^f?
io^b- R , ^ t . , RstTT S-bift; ( ^ ) ^ - ? 1 ? f f f , 13tIR
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R^sf R R 'I'^tR Rc^fR I wR (?r)-'a? ^s^nuo
ôfTO ^ ^ I ^ ?? (t^'^, S t . , b-Vft; RTO[''^-'^RI^,
R R cTO5#rrt ? w t ^jR^tiRcsr â?? ?nfliT-iira- R < ? m weTO"=t
OH^-Hvs) I W ^ - W ^ afrt ( i f . , i - b l ) ' ^ T O t ? ^ W f f
ôt?tc^ ^5tR=w >TOfeftR?R I R R iil^ww ê,'^
?Tff'w-'a? R5X5-SR ^firm ^ t w r ? , tok ^jR? Rsjt.
g'wR "TO^ fîTOHr;? i??^^^?iR^ R r o ? cTO"=n Rro. ^
TOpra? T t w ^ at^T ff?n TO I W ^ - R ? R ^ , % -oio-ifi
src^tRo TOR I f ? ? f f ?ne^ v3-?n%T t ? ^ 'w?^'^ i t R ^ - i g ?
#t?n:^ W o - ^ - i f R - T WM-TO";^-'^? î>\\?\ ^Rm r'=Ri ^
ftTOFtTn?5T42tmRRt^r?rw'siRjtowito (Who*) i
ttiilcte, (<5t ^RfS,Wt-R<[^ W ? ' ^ ' ^ - T O ^ , J. ioi-ioA-ii
' W ? ^ ' ^ llPlW<l sll>St\^<MW (bd-h-bl bh-Q-HoCt) %?t?
^^Rm^) I 'sfM-wi's^Tlt mR ?se?JT, R R R t k t o R f ^
^we,fwr CTOR >l>o'G^t WHT TO, R t W S >j!^<mI1
^JS^nR^TO^^^sRrni^T I Zdmg, X X , ^h-bb, 8\r% W^-'5tf?I
^ t t ^ r a ^ * ^ ( 5 . ) ^ o T T O 'tft-Rfft, "sffi^ t?=T ^ r o m
# r R5t{R'rf - W r t o , ^ge^f ^ R R ^ f R 1
(?1) [s.l-'a? Resf R R ' T T ^ W f ?>Rc'( I ^SRc^ lii^
Wf-Wfs^ttt, ipira5'PT-%^ W ? - ? f f k WR-R??^'^-Rf^t^-'a?^
R s R s T ? ^re^sR ?3Rr R?n R R (îrm ^^rm) i^r-'w^
??To Rillt^l 1 .
(t?g-^5TO?)-'a? ?5^r*R R T O W M f ^ê?R I t ? f r o
a t ^ # l g ??rtfiR^..'tijo.-^ffRo ^tro^ I
'W^'aW? t ^ - ' 5 T O ? (?t) *i|i)R'*lc h l t * p ?sf<
C h . PeUat (E.l.^) / >i. liR.^l. TO<[f5 ?^TO f'iKt
"5^!:^ ^'iRtRo TO^ ('bl/'bbr'b-'bb-H) I
t-?r# s (i) TOff^-f, W ^ f T O , (?t., T ^ ; (^) ^5rr?n5^ ^^"Wt c<^\i^ <1ji x ^ ) g { ^ )
ÎTOs-T, (Hell) i'Sff-'b; ( ' S ) W t f ? - W , ? - M T O , ^ t . , ^ , ; (8) t^^-m^ 'WRRj W ^ - ^ - ? T ^ WR-Rf?f^, fll1l?lf? (R)-'^?
(?ft?5,TOfPT( T O j f t ) , ^t., bb-bH ; (ft) ôf?Rl, R R , "ifîSR RRjt Rt?tft 1 W ^ ^ R ' W ^ T O ^ ' ^ f ^ ( ^ ^ ) i t^HTORf
(de Goeje), 8i^-o; ( ' b ) % f ' W ? ^ ? f R ^ , t ^ R , mm iS.80 ^fiifW "W^^tpf? t < R ^R*Wf R f R t ^ 'WRRt ^TOR
% 'Ot.,A48 ( 8 t . , il^s-ftt., i'^b), ôb; I t . , i 8 o - i ; (H) W | t?^ RfR RT?^ ^ t ORÎW 1 R g t?[5'^-WfR
ôtTO,?-1TOrt (Freytag), ftoH ; ( v ) ^ ' f ? f t f , ^ t . , 'b-iKb-S^ 2fnRf^^sRWtRfS^?R?imi ^tfTO"JnTR?R?'t?iTO-'ira
(>>) ^pifST^, '^^tRf, o8t., 00^; ( i o ) TOi^, 55^, ftt., ? R T f , R R R f 5 R ? f R 5 t ? ^ 'ff?WTOf^ C'tlCiR 5lR=ft I
i^<b, ifto-ft; ( i i ) W f # , i8t., i , ^ o - i , . i H o ; (i^).C.A.. ;
'^l<tijsil?t?=^.~^R-M 2FFTF5R^' xpn t?Rr5r%^,?sRiit-^5fTO
Nallino' Scritti, vi. 154 ( W f ^ jsjf^.. i.'.'J'b); ( i ) H.
^ ^ - R R t ^ ^ R - M - ? 'iRe W'RPllîlR RSR- ?5RTnRi?R I
Lammens, Le Calfifat de Yazid ler, MFOB, vi.
^ s R r -isrl? iR5 iflpBi Ric^-/^TOR ^ R W f , R R "^TO
110, 1 2 0 ; (i8) Wt^s/Etudes sur le siecle des
t^^'pf-tf^-^-R (?f)-iira ^ ? ' m i (?T)-ia? 'j^^'f T f f t R ? R I
Omayyades. Beyrouth 1930, 141, 158, 166.
w \ Rf'^ w ^ - t ^ - ? ^ Rf^ W R ^ ^ ^?^5t?=f
Ch. PeUat (E.1.2) / w i ' T t ^ ^ ? t ^ vsRit W #
^?fefR?R I R ^ 1^ 51 ^'TC? I
on<npT^ "^'"Tr^. (s. w^-TO^ Rw?)' .
.5t|3i_^?il*. ('T) Tort igR-Rîiic<> t*iii*< ^ = R . w ^ R
stHlt^lt â^sfg R R m ? ^R''Rf-:c^"' ^fTO C2RT
1 ^ ' i j - ^ ' T O W ^ - W ^ " # , 'S^^ TOttf I fTO R o f R R TOt% ^RthRr^ I RR?f ^ R R ^ aff^ "S5t?t (RRc?. ^ 5^ 5^
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Contents
' ^ f f c^NRR RraiRwr
- ( R ) til^ '"alWîl^lkW ^>IHJ<lR^t) (?HTlf% R^ RT W ^ ( ^ S T H - t ^ ' ^ , t ^ ' R R '^TfRT, 'J. oocs) i ^îR?
?#?n tsi^ iiiRjiiiw cfii?^ W T I f%R tfi^ f f e (:>i'ij(;h5)w ^
sf^Rn. ^^flrn smR^r ^ w ^ i ^ ^ ! = f 'stfjf 'î<ij5Jk t?^ R W R f (?!) ^ t t ^ ^tr^ n^Rt^ w^
?5R^ .at ^5nOT*t tc? ^ ( ' R R s T , v5^., sbb-) I R f i RsiTSR t ? 'srfft R:?
%R t'TRJ^ ^%IT ^PRR "#Rf ^ I R5R5t%f RIfS'5'#R-^sR
fes tt^ I ilt R?.?R (R)-'^?. Ctmtt^ ^C5T f%t^ ^"tfrr^ t?'^ i t R o (?r) '^lijR ?5t%\5R cn^
w ^ 1 R ^ c'ftfliR f%R ^ 5 1 ^ ^ tt?n ?i^^pi^ (R)-.fra
f t ^ "8*[ ^ ^^KR? R ^ l" '^5fR^[^ ^R-WT (HI)
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' ^ T O (f) (RtR. 'srfwnR C2tR^ t^nRNitt^^ (R)-il? ^fwm ?<iTt ^^Rrn ^ R s T R ^ W ^ I Wt
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^C5T vil^fiRi t R 5 } ^ = R vSfl^R ^^5^ RtgtCSfR. iJ^l^r SRHR^
t^ Wt ^ I 1%^ ^ltt ^ srsTTtjR W ^
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(?T)- il? sraJTM'SH ?#i?T t ^ F t r s R R R 2?t?n^l^tC4 iOC!,V ft., i.t., o V ; ( O ) t?^ ''STRf^f'^-^R^^,
^5roJRTW!R W ^ . l ^ - t R i t ^ S T R , ^-t3T-RT-?^-tfR1 (;!,t., oJ); ( 8 ) t?'^ ^ R ,
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(R'^8-e) 1 w ? tI^<)>H W ^ tfR?. ( R t t l W t R^nft ^ I W!Rsnt'^-Rl^'Rr,'2W5^.f?...it., i i I
ar^t#f 8 ( i ) t^'R-^srtlR, ^ " s j - t R T , C,<1H i^lr>!} R ,
O t . , i 8 ^ - i 8 ; (A) 2?TSfR, t ^ ^ R I , iOC!,lr ^t.,
t R '5?R?r t?^*^-'^'8TlR (?T)-'iR f f oTf^ ^^T?R (?f)-'iR W T f

x[.'3iR5pr^n^
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ft"??R ^ - ? t ? l R % ?RRT ^ T l f t <PI5iIC?.I I
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t a W R (RT^ % 5 R ^ o l ^ ^ttf t1?n ^ I ie/srtT^ 'b'O'b) ^ l f ^ f^CSR I ^ o f ^ ^"R f W ? '^srr^

t?g'^-'^"-ta? ^ f f 5 % 5 ( R f R R W ^ , '^'R ( i S s M o ) f^f^'S
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(Rft =Tt?ff'^snf^sH ^n^tcs ^ 5 t ^ ^ 'tR M?co tic?^ I
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R<N?stf?'n:i? sm ^ftf?sj ( R t i -^rt? i b-e, v i , ^TRR

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R R H i ^ ( i eCT,ifesb- -aRR, ifesii.) w?? c>i'^h=i
t?^'5f-Wft?J, Tomberg Rs (ft., y<tA t . ; (^^) Weil. ^^5tR^ iSF#r R % 9tR5f ^<)<|\S1 ' B w a s R ^ 'n<naW? f t i
Gesch. d. Challfen. At., 80 t. I TOiJ^ TOR (inRsi-CSt ifefto) 1 'iaiHi3;^K A O ^^Wt, iJ!>-i
K V . Zettersteen (E.I. 2 ) / x ^ l g i f k T O l ^ RR?I CSt**||C1Cl R? ^ I
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vSfR^t^ t?5'^-'ilt?
#<R?ra (?'R%:?5 '^5(1?^^ isdw 1? tiRs (wngpift ^ s r t ^ TftTf % 5 R .n?^ ^ w t % v^siirsr t?^-Ttt?-'^?
-^m^ ptIR f l i ? R I ''srt^g^ w ^
?tn R W I Cii?^ Rftja ^51^ 1%
(^g?m i i Str^pil^, iJi.8X t?rtW? 7ift i^ 'TC^, iS8fe;
ciw? 7rft H ^sn^m, iSiô) I f ^ ^ 5 t ^ twm "Mk 3Ttt? ( I r i v c 4 > t ? 5 ' ^ - ' n t ? ) ^ ^tfhf (?t)-'ira <)i<t>it
1lllf> R t i l I t?5^-Rlt? ^tc^ ?Pf^ ^5it5^, sj^
RiStW? slI'i^SllA ( t ) ("StW? lMI>a 'snwt?! ?5R?I? 'OT "^Rin
^ I^ ^ 5 r ^ ^srrsi^R^ am w r i (?Rt t^?!? stR t At*llti.W'( I H\<^\Oi> sll'J5('gllA ( t ) ^ "^1^^ t l w ^srras
WTI 'sjRt 5J?rf C%W^ ^tf^ ?lff ^siHs i
sr5rit s (i) '^5n?^^t^'5r-^'>im,^"WRrrft, iSise W T f%t^ ^ ' f ^ m I ''4ji<jiisit<5 t?5'R Rit? ^
tsi?(# Philip P. Graves, Memoirs of King
Abdullah of Transjordan, London 1950; (A) OM ar^t#t ( i ) t^'5J-^5i1%, ^ " s i 5t -Kt, C W R i 1 H It.,
iS.A-*i 'S Cahiers de I'Or. Cont, ifeSS-ei-ifra ? ? t ^ t . , i i o ; (A) t?^ i5im-''4J|>i<i-Hr^, -snR-tRl?!,
f^rtWTR gt?j; (vs) -m^ g. T.E.Lawrence, Seven iAb- i t . , i 8 , R^tlt S'bSib-; ()' ^ - W f t , ^stlft'i
Pillars of Wisdom, London 1935; ( 8 ) >^ m-<^. SFP^'R-Rti^, t??!!^ ^ . R , i t . , O i o , R?.tlt 0o I
Revolt in the desert. London 1927; (e) C.S. .a. .W..iR. (.5,l*tltl ^srt^^R
Jarvls, Arab Command. i&So; S. Rtorrs.
^MHg|l^tW^-Tt^ (,_^LÎ 4ilI ^ ) 81?^
Orientations, London,19,43; (H) J. Bagpt Glubb,
'5itt-'^'?m t?R'^-'5^'Tf^ t?^ 'stTRlW t ^ ^ s t r R t ' ^ - ' ^ W
The Story of the Arab Legion. London 1948 ; (8)
Ettore Rossi, Document! Sull. London 1948 ; (b-)
R5Jf'=^-'5rtRS?R t?R'=^-^'7RR t?^ ' t t ^ ^STM I
Ettore Rossi, Documentl sull' qrigine egli
f?=W5 '5(tft ^?T?I*r-.iR at^^ fe^R I t|i?R
sviluppi della questione arabe {1875-1904),
'Sftm-^mt^R ^ 1 R t ^ ^'SRt ^^M^ i)vsCii (Rtt ^ I
Rome 1944; ( S i ) "^^^ f>lR*lH' it^WTO WHi S.
Transjordan White Book, Amman 1947
t?^'5J.^5H% ^Rim^, % ? R ^ , \5IR ^5t^ stc^
1^, T f t t ^ ; is>85-il>r^lt%^ La vila la
Grande Syrie.' 'R'fw siRtt c'H w ^ 'nt 1 'SKR "5tTt '-4(11^41 ^src^Rs
M. Gqlomble (E.1.2 )/TFl!^f%T'rP#'T sjc^ tR*'*H W H '?Rr?it >ii;r^ ^?g?t i'*ic Rc^ttA ft?^
?stt^l
'*lM>ig|l*> ^^^-r^-f-"RR (Oi .n-.ll -till J_^) 8
a t ^ t i t 8 ( i ) t^'5=I-^5iTtR, ^"si-^t -Rt, iAb-^
(?t) t^Rst ^-im, t^'^-^:"'^"#i? ^ - ^ - ^ i T ^ ^-^;siR[%,
O t . , i^si; (A) t ^ A l W R ^-''4|l*1<f 'Ml^, ^ - t ' l ' K t , f w
^l^'ltil^ (R)-'fl?:*iHjîi Rl?jf) I ^ >aRS5R ^ tî?R I ^ra?
iAb- ft., i t . , Oi8 I
.a.tSW.'iR. (.Ri'llt'i lk(1
wit tt%ft (?t)-tfi? ; s t ^ ^ I
s r ^ t # 8 ( ( i ) t ^ ^ - M ? , t'l-Kt, At., AJ1-AS>b-, '*4|Mij.g|IA ^ ^ T ' T - ^ T t ^ ( . _ ^ U J I -tilI i _ L ^ ) 8 t f r
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Rc\o'i 1 \^\\hyi ^ im^ 'iiHJiHJ ?5-ilt<3 ^st^j? 1 ^ f <f5itsT Pro ^st., i'bSi; (A) t?^ A'M?^-'ll1<M11^,"'sit5I-t'I-Rt, f ^
W R I 1 ^ -WtTO R S R t R W R il?^ 'IM^1?11A iOAb- i t . , v5i8, -^"vtlt StoSiSi; ( o ) Vol'StHl
Tprm?-.a? f ^ l s f W ^ tfe^stÎ W R I '*l!3[,tllA t ? ^ ^SfPRlfR RlAl?t, ^??i^ ^.f?., i t . , OiO, R?.tlt 0008 I'
'î<i<iii 'st^ siHwi? Rprt r 5 R I ?sfr5 ^5ftc5,1^ g^nltvf-.a? .l..iW..iR C5BltT ^ I k V i
t ' i R t f t f?^!lZ<|SR
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*r?c? ^ R 5 F ^ ^^Rl^Rs - ^ I R R R TOiffi: wR?rT ?R?1R

^^Jl? W ^ ?t%5 WI>(NI(.\s<) RffS ^|Piii 'sn^TOt 'tt<iij<n ?sRi ^m::^ 1
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the Arabic and Persian rnanuacerlpts in the a R R lil??. csrm (Seal) ^ s n ^ tfTRi:^,^<t
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^5imi? iflt fbi^fw-si 2rf% ' s f R ^ isnHi? w ^ i ^
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iiÔM'Sl ^fB^SRT^ f%t^-ftf%-i41^*llSl - A K I W R-ilPlR^ (CJRSf i4|r|j ^ fiRi^HRa ( R ^ R i l ^ ^ ) 'srt?^ mm
W T Atl!C^8 -Jlfwâ Nt|l<ji;>|-R'-6|l<|t;>t-7fRl'ilVlh tTt lilt R t ^ R W W R V4lPl4ly (^t%-t *114<llSl_, i t . ,
ii'si<iiw^T^r ^ R?.1^ 5t?i? 'i?Rt fBsrPnna w t 'sr^ i o A ) ^ f S ^ liR^ lilt 'Sft'GRRR ^ ^ t Rlft?^ ^ RRTiR
<iR?iif^M'i, lilt f w \iKt? '(ki^< (RTtm nfwr ^Hfk ^--siR t?s"#5l-'a ^ftJilC^ (g. H., Ethe,
Catalogue of Persian Manuseripts in the
f w ' ^ F R ^ - R - M ^ - t t ^ (?mTA)-'a? l i W ^ "t^ Library, of India Office, Oxford 1 9 0 3 it., ^
8i,i, '^ttjt ijji**) I Rb^S, ist 1^f%^5?ici ?5=n i R ^, ^ t R ^
WPH lîC^ R^ l"
t*1=1l^ RjlC^sR
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Contents
bb
1 l T O T ^ fr?lM ^siR^-R-WtWt^plfRl I TOf 5ffTOT *i|i^<S ?R?HC6t, TOf iÂ'sflW? ^ l R R - t 'SRSIW? Rf% Sf^WR??
'*i||<ii>f-R T T O TOt?t% ^ 'S^m H i ^ , R R ?!I^ g?!^ ? R w c ^ I lilt R!3R Y^-^ ^ -5?^
W^sftW? ?fTOfr C T O I ^ RtRre ^ 5 # l k %=R I ^stsj-g-t (RfHRt ?t?li:? I t?fW? 1C*U -il^sSR^ ? liR? ^ 1 ? ^
Ri^-iii^^^ltiR Rfeg t i : s ^ froa? î? R ^ t TOTS ?!i R<tw*t^ -iwl^ ^TOfiF mm Rrsfttc R I
W t iR^fR ??f g ^ ^ j j - i JIJSJ 4-,,.5L.% cÛ f R < i i R # R R ?f??ir? (Rg?s? TOf ^ ) Rt?fr ?w ^ ? t ^
jjj I R T O ' T f ^ TO, R R RCSR ItW?'JK? ft^lTOft ?f sn^TOf ' W ? f n - R 1 T O SiffV/iC-C-i RW? ^TRTW? ^ < R r Sif
itTOf TOTO ^RcsJf ^ ig<f? ^5;^ R ^ R R ^ R?R t j t R ^R?!?:^ 1 R s ? frog ( R t w t f*tlk?5 iRftOTt ?t?)lc^ f^
w ^ <iR?il(^ci'f 1 w < p "JPTit-R t ? t R R ? f K ^ , R R c f l ^ '^l<I<j*l RlRtW? f ^ "Î. W ^ R R liR? lilt R-^lw i^ frog? W o M
('snRi)-4? f t e R t ^1? Rif 'prt? t t W R - RRr ^RRf^ I J.V.S. Wilkinson Basil Gray ( R t
rtR:51 (?m w ^ - t w r o i f t D o ( i t . , ôsi) R R o "STS sRnt ^^f?TO^, '^^-t Rf^SiRR' ?f 1<3C?tt?R
RiRoj cTOTs '^f-iij^f-RTTOR?^ f R t ^ ? ^5|R?# R i ? R 1 ^1?fiR? U!irtt aflR fârf^ ?m ^t?lf|^ (Persian
TOf Ri?5TO tR?lc>i '*iHn>i-R'Ww f T O ^^fTO Miniature Painting, RS^f iSivsvs <J. iSV, R?m A^,
Rg?5TO ^Tt'^'tR ?sf?i:=tt ?t?)iRi i c ? ^ t ^ % r R r o ? j R CV.B.; t ? R iii?5f^ ? ^ ^l^[Rf^ B. Gray-ia
xltTO sft!Ri R g .?Rm TOf ^ f 4R51ICH ^ Rtff Gedand-iil? Iran Persian Miniature-iil?'PW^ i 8 - ^
stwfif *a|^îcH? ^ â?? ( % t R R g R?!!}? Rtjt ' s p t ^ l - t W f ) I CilftjI^nJ^lM ffegj^ ^?,?R I t R t ? # , ^ ?Tf3!R,
'R^'-ig c^^'slIW^ ff% .sr^WTra <lR (Basil Gray & W^?RR? tftff ^sft^tR?'T??tft fflff R i ^ I
Arndre Godard, Iran, Persian Miniatures, c^^gtCT? lilt R^2t?c w ? l i f ^ t ? # ftR? f ^
Imperial Library, New York i&ff'Js 'î, ^F^Rs ) 1 t?f ?ft?rcf I ^ f ? W ? f Rtff Tt??R?? Rft R l f ? R RC?, ???
TOFtft ??i!?f? iff^ Rrt^ Rg,TOfCTl?*fR ^ f ^ i T O ^ 1?fl% t ? f ^ ?5R T f T ^ Pi<aiW? i i 1 ^ M f ? ^ W fSaifRffl W ^?Kf
ffRc ^ f ^ i R s I TOTS t^n: T t R c^sh TOfr ff? (RRTOt ^ I t ? t ^ ( R T O t^lC6i, ^^.'RR
Rir^ ^ f ^ ?f srfMiBj R g r o ? afR Rg)5 W R f t ^^TO lil^ Ti??Rt W f f R ' f t s R ^ Rfft? 1 ^ ^ f ^ ? l t C 5 ^ , W ?
KI<t R??Tlt i M W I I t ? T ^ j n t c ^ ^f?f f^W? 1TR??RS
Rgro? Rg ifR^ I ( R t f ^ ?5Rc^, lilt s f r ^ ff?? TO ii[?# WT??3TfR
r R ^ ? 5 R??f ^sqRtca-Rct? Percy Browne {Indicin t i t Rl'5^ aR.^lt^TOR ^ R f^lRs W ^ !< -^r jiU.
Painting under the Mughals, Oxford 1924 %, % jjj 11 I (RMi^l fsff^R^ T O " W ? ^ RTTO
AS) 'Q Heinrlch Gluch (Die indischen Miniaturen ?5i5riR) I lilt 9M Rg R w ? ? m R ^ t ^ c ? ? ( R t R t ^
des Haemzae Romanes Zurich- Wien, Leipzig (TOt iat?il l i W ^ f & g ^ TOlt RS?, f?R iil?s^ f R f ^ f ^
1925 % % i V - i 8 i ) R R T O ^ , ' W ^ ^ - R T T O ^SfTO ffisH) RRc ?Rt ' s w ? t?f fâpTO? "?f^ ^??5!r?
Rg?R f k TOiRf? FIIW^M^ bl<>Rc^ Rc?llRvo % snRlR I t R I ?fvirt? voi?ni>ii-iiR ^ t ? (%ft-i5-8o 'vorRÎ' f&g
r R * (RTtofw C5K 'sfs R w R o R f ^ - t W ^ ?"mf 5}^ ?tC ' J ^ , f%f fbigf^t^ ? t ^ ? t f ? 2 R R I lilt 1?Rf!R t?f ( R t
RgtR^^siR^ I t r o R f ^ ft*t>icj< R R j i *it>iviw 5iR^ #t?rH-t ^ (?3nTR ? t R v B ^ Freer Gallery of
H Gluch tat R^f5cg??sc?ik?5 lilt Rsm?? ^<R5 Art-c ? f ^ ) - ? (RfR frog?, 1 r ^ ^ TOt i e e ^ %%
?R?t R ^ t ^c?^ (îm?s A, i , , 80, R? Gluck), R f i^-JsC- RW? R T O f f R U R ?WfC?a 5 1 ^ 1 ^ fR?spTO fWl?
lilt 1C? RoTSf RCR?g^ llfT ??f i'?si?tTOrfT>sTOTOtTO'2f5 ' J ^ f ^ fsff^l 5^?t%f I
R f w f l ^ - ^ T O t i : ?c5TiT, aff^f?:^ W ^ T O ^ 5jr?? ^ iii <^R?tR^ f w ^tc ?Rt TO, t r o 'Ip^ f5igf& Rs? l i i ^
R R ? ^ ^lt?ilc^'H, R?fg Î'Mc? t ? t fbigiRvs <i.?it?iH^-H UR? f ^ R ? a ^ ^ 5 i i g ^ I C5it frog (RTO ?tl<:f, W r o c ? ? f ^
itsfi^ R g ^ lilt 'îw RoftR R ! ? R 1 ^tr?tw? ^ s ^ f t P R sftRlW? f ^ I T O ?[W? f t r o ^tt?t liR? W?5?? fîtC^
^fflR^RtRw ' W ^ ^^fC? ft^S?M ' W ? f ^ - R l i n R ? ^ ' R ^ lii^ffR f&g Rst? a f r o ^Rt^cfei'f, fearsfsR ^ | r t o t T O
% r I ^ T O R g i t RfRni w # * w ? ^ r w ^ r ? î^fsj^t R t i ^ t k s R f?f%g ^?,R ^5[f^^p? I w ^ frog? ^l^rTO
?#TO ft^^t TO ^ I (R srtfRsR R j g ? ^ f R<f?i t?t?:Ri^?sRTR^RrTOii^^fc^R ( R T O i ^ ^ ? r t T O j
W TO ^ l i ) ^ t p S t ? ' R % ? f ^ R g TOR TOOT?^ R^TO ^JiR? frog? ^ R R m t r t c ^ ^?1%, t j ? ^ ^^tftc? Rftf,
^ - ^ n ^ ^ - W N ^ ' (^jiij-> . n j j - . ^ 0 ) f H w s WvR R g f^H?5|ft, Tot tf?r?R^, TOr^ ?t?TOrff? wrrfRr c w w p
t ^ l l l ^ f?tlC<|5R
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Contents
( R f t W t ?t?llCf ( E . Kuhnel History of Miniature Ril^tvicvo '!'i5>?|iic^ ^<lf^^ ^R:? *)imj( Rt*l^,
Painting and A Survey of Persian Art Drawing, ^ ? ? R fM% ^^>IIW ^5t?t? TO liR? I?''! ^ffTO W^?ft
R ^ . A.V Pope, R ^ - f ^ i^^sb-iS>S> ^sf., ^pM? w n t ? ^ f e R f T f k M t ^ ^ ^ ^ I ?R i f l t 1 ^
ib-b-o-ib-b-A; ( f f . , siA, 1 >i)tftw lilt frog? w '>4ii<)ii>i *i|i|iiii<) ^^?iT tiw lij??^siTO frog? R ^
^W4l51? 'ri?ro?? ^ iiRsf5 ^ Rf5f -sstt 1T?t TO, TOt ^ ^^?t tlW, "C? TOl]t t?t t ? ? ^ ^5^?-^?}% '^?t ftRc?
^fsw ijtTTO la?? 'iiKit* <iit R f ^ <iRt) froaj? ?tif&g^^ttt?M5?5^totfit?ftf?^^?#tliw^
TOrns? TO1? R i t *rRtR?,'^t??icf ?j?^) R W ? ? iiwt5 ^?ffw? fâi, TOK ? i t ^ 'snf??sj ? 5 S T O , R S ? ,

fc? fulfil ?t?iR^ j - - - a J i o-i-c i j j u l l ; R l w ? t?t f^ctt^^r?^til? *i'a!>5;>a R^r I t^tc w t istiictw
^ s f e ? t i ( ? s tt?f^ ^(f|f%, f f S T T t M , Rf'QRtTO 1 ^ ' n P l ^ iiRsf5 ^ l i f Risg ^tf?t TO^ f^^^ liWtS PtTO ^ f ? t^fC^T
fTff? ^ t f ^ R ? R ^ siTR ?? t ? t fb.g<(>M<) WRs=r ? m I R (TiftCTt ?t?iRf; W M , f % l f t j ? ^ \s1TO 1^?5C5 (?Nt
ia^5^]^ t?fC 'srtrf, W T O I ? ^tl?rg PttW ^ W?stt?? TO,fin'3C??1M?1^?^f*tRtf^^^^TO^^^5IWtC?
f53[-ti;5^ 2ITO l?i^t^'i lii??, t?ic*^ *aF?i^ Tj"tjc?s î<pic<t ?^ ?4 f t ^ ?c5f OTftiRt ^t?rn:f I lilt R ^ 2tf^fs? ? ? ^
CM ?t?ICfeL I 55?!? t?t '^Hl>l-R-lTOf->it? lilt "tJlR?CTITOs, W m ^ft1CtW? ^ ^ CTOfR?s C T O l ^ ?CS? ?^=f
?rr<t armt ?5c^ (C?1^ W. Stande Rf^mtEf^f), f l ? ^ -plWot fiR? R#if=f ?t&?tC5 I f&g^c?? TO...t?
cii'S^C'S?*)^1? is[?si5R?R-^sRf^ llRwH I ifltfrog OT TOI?aiR i^fârcâilflH-fM wi^rtf^wt ^tîicf ^
"ETBTO ^ fstai ?s?r A t i i i t ^ , ^ ^rt^pnf? i<t<tb % ^ft^
^ m:k ^fc? TO c?sR=f ipa tt's?t TO, C?C?^ fSail^
^TOPR? ^jw^ rif%5? I woiit?, t?t ?stt^ c?tro W f t O T t (it??tTO ^ ^T?sTO ^ , t i ? R?c*jif4t
RW^'W
t r o f%l t r a ^<f% ^ ttf^ IW5T ^ ?t?lM, ^g?t^ f?C?bTO t?t ? W TO, ^tl^ffta? 'a?# (?#
sftTO, t r o
b<iibC4 "siR? "Mif'i'i?', t r o ( R e ? t ^ cstfi?5, f^M^ TfUR ?fl?: t ? t i(^wf*t flrr vt4,ic^, fbî^H ^11.>i'*il^
f w t ^ ^ f ? f%f?*rtw? ffeg ^??5?R? ?t\si?nvi) fSai
? f ^ ^ t * (wgsnl^ ioiH/i^bob- ^ ioAv/i>!siv rw?
t?t% ftf? 15?1 s|t?W 5!R 1*(T?f rit? t^t ^srf^ ?t?JlR'=1) i ? T O R fârfS Freer
I i|^64>IC'^ frog?
isiiTt#<Rt, ibdHTO? ? m St?''!!, /s^ff? ^sfblSl TR:t? Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.-cs ? f w WCf 1
C f i ? t ^ ?fln:T TO^ la??. ^ f?W?s ' P W i l ^ t ^sft^ iflwIR W ? ? f W ? 5 R TOrtUi? 2tf Wt?tt TOt
frog? ^'liwirt'^*R-*at t ? ^ f t l ^ M*ttJ? f%?i*t^ i
'??t i t?t (Rftfsai TOt Bodleian Rttcaft, ^sfWC?^^
siw ??f f%-?rtf f?5Ttt? fSarf^ 'trtf ii?-'i?tr f ? ^ W
(Ousley Add, 1 7 2 . i a t 8)->il? ifl?!!^ R?tr^ W # 1 t?tc
4R?lf^1, ?st?=f Rtit *l\s|-^M t r o 'fll^-Î#lf^ RjCJt-Hl? f^?5C& ^TOs TOfft? R t ? W ^ U N I ^ ? CSUfVijIt^ iftj CtTftOTt
TO!^ CTO?gi5? (Schon Brunn) fiflRtOT? f5a!-R?sns? ?t?lc^ 1 t?t i&f?lf5i^ ?t?f **ll4<ic?<l' f%??tR5T RK?
?5?t ^tJllf^1 (W. Stande, Abdus-Samad der Akbar (i<2-<hb 'Ô *ISI4|*1 t i R Rs?!f5 ^?nff5i 1 vf^fc^ ft'3?tW ^ftf^
Maler und das Milllonenzimmer in Bevledere, ffST 1 iflt ?si?W ff?1^ C T O R *ll>IW? Sf^ttf?^ ^ ' W
Schonbmn, i o f . , R?.tJt ft, (i^^p^siiJ.) iftft-i^jo) 1 'pfc?^ *W?f^ TOTtCfR ^# ?i%t f^^=f ?5f??T I|R>WH 1
cvs^-snw l i t feat ttsiw?^ ^^'^^ cflîî^fBai ât frog c?ft <)j-<?ic?? f t f ^ f ? i ? ^
f????fc^ ^ f f ^ TO 2 (SfSjRs. 7(R7f ,1^ ^ (TETivft =it?t Wf-tK5f?-%1R ^ T t t t T O f ^ ^ %t% aii? lf?5iR ^ ,
* l l t t C f I t?!Cii?,1t)J C? fkifS Binyon Wilkinson f^[ R i f t f ^ s R ? fpaif^ t?t% W W ' ^5if?f?sis^ 1 .at
Gray-ia? 1t^TO? atlfRsR (Rf^ af^, ^. i8.H,^ i S V ; R I f J t >i>atWi5l a f l R t t CTO^f cfTTOs, f?l?^ .nttft? WU ??^
AASP, A) 1TO ^ 1 ? f^lRo ? f l ? t t f s '^m^ TOtW, S4jft/iftftH fbigl^wd f?7?^ Ws}?, iÎ?ll>l4, ???TOetf^rSTO frajm,
faiwa.'^SRTO îw:^ I ^tJ?*! t r o ? ^ ?5f^ ^St f ? r ^ ^-RaR^g fpTO f^%1 TOt?. ^T|t<TC=T R?^ 'tflmt
^ R i t 1 sit? ibiglUi^ ( j ^ j j j j ^ i a ^ l fsiRo ?R?I1C^ il-^^jf^* I?TOT a|?!tf ?s?t ?t?IICf- lilt ^WSt CSIttR Ibig<|x=1l?
la?? ^ c?t'4>tM l R f ^ *l?lc^ ^ fbu)4? f ^ RPt ?f5i?rt '2?f*l^ i a ? ^ t ? t R ^ 4 i i wroft w i i R f ^ , t f ? ' i ^ : w ^ i R ?
^srjTO ?5gt ?sfSiT I t ^ ' Q lîi?l1f t ? I ^ CitTOs, ( R t ^ WrtTOC^fit?sttR|TOl
fstw? TOPTOf, 'HIW ai?tf?^ ^tc5? 1 * 0 ^ wt?TO wsst? ; ^ i ? ^miwtbt^^ ^îtiH, >at (Rtrfsarf^ iftft^b
I T O -^w? (RW? .ii^st ?5ft ?Rt ??t I .a^^pTC^^ .a?sf^ 'pm ^ i f ? ^ rsto ^<ij<Rva i i R t ^?f?5 ^t?t nRw
t t R t f t 1?'8|C^
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Contents
bV
'SJA'lWMT ^ I p m<''i> t ? ? ^ W i R f tfeg ins^t ^ ffelWI?

Jl Ull
ttwsRt^jt? ^=rf^?i^, Tt^^nf^t ^^<M< 8t1%^
twm-t f^wift? T f ^ l s i f ^ 5ift?iR^ I 'SITR-RT^ (^. iiiS>o/ii11<b)-iil? %RJT
Dyson Perins-JPI? R55}d5il ^ s r s ^ % l 'ivoviiw Brockelmarm, iRPft A, 'J. <^<^ Nachtr) 11%^ RR^
^n^ra t'li'i ^ T t l ^ n ^ tpt^^f^-'^-'fl? îî-îi
^ ^r, '^tH's t t ? ^ mm f^^w? ctRros (?Nti?n <K?R I ^5f!jf^ 5nt?5R-RtRp?lR t ^ ?tf?^-
tstro 11^ fKai?.?ssFft ?5?:^5?'ra "^f^ # ? w ^ , ^nff% o 'ÎHtflHRHR 1fF5 1iiS-vS R ^ iAovS R -tf^
c ? t ^ Î4<i21 ft1%? lij?^ c?5H ^^fc:^ f?Ptt t?i^ f t t ^ *i<iR5 'RT ^?t%r 1351^ ^spoj^ W f RR#^, C?sR'e?sRCTOr
^ I i f w -at W ^ I t f ^ fâtl^ w *#in5pr-R R?!^, *I1<!W ^SRjai TSTPRS RgRl<SR W 'tf??^Wt ?t?il(.^
ftc?s, ^ ?ffrt 'ife f t t ? CT, 1^ f k ^ ^R5Pi<? ^mra? io iRcwtth ^ t R s ? T ^?tc^ I
2|?f^ fsf ( ^ - t 5j^<^ ?#?rlfî?R, ''siâi'fsTc? % t ? >#tnR ^srrsRt ;^^kttR? ^c?? W'nm wîr r^?fR'?s^
^h^R i$icfi IBiJilî f r t ^ f ^ j f e f iN7^?s|??n I ^'nf?*tf^ ^ 5nfw? ts^st^ xstf5RsR R ^ nt I >at
'^H'l^t-T'WIC'i'sl T C f ^ ' l ? t f l ^ ^J?? ^Rtilt^;^pRsRl ^1|f^ ^!lRRn??1'Sf^'n# RR Rsi^
*||<><I1 ^5i?t? l i R s i ^ W i Q f B y ) fpapp? <iIAll'i-<a? ?i?? aJ^RtTO^RR?f^ I (RR^, '#^-R1TRtWRT*l1?t^'3rR?WCt
?1R I'-'sm s(ltf^ ^ ^5Rm ? ^ 'JlA-sll^l ttlH ^
R?j?^R-^RTnflJ?R (Vincent A. Smith, A History.of IRR <>ll*tStirs* ^ ' S ^ ^ * tl*i^ Rt% ^RT? viHpi4
fme Art in India and Ceylon, Oxford 1 9 1 1 % % ^^^-%T ' ^ T ^ 'iRssfRt ar^, RtlSt i i l V It^lte *liARlH
8(fA, Plate 1 1 3 ) 1 l f w R?rflTO? fl?<3 C?!R ^-TftfR?!)? 'W? frS 'Ref ^51^ CT?t ^*(? îf%
^ " t w t l T fâi T#rat ttj ?s?rt ^ Rt, ^ t t P t ^ m\ Qsf^-X ?!f??rl ?f5^ (Brockehnahn, A t . , v s i i ) 1 '(A^R1^1
^simtft, tj- i o ' l ) ?^TRT? R t < R ff?l R I ? ,
('^n?gR-R'm) ? ? ^laic^ m <>\<^\^w i f?WR1^ %mt-si? f l ? ? ^ ?it 11^ iiS>A %tft? e
l a w r f w (R R?!5r fpar r*R: wrtMt ?s?f 4,t?iit^ ^snpt? 'Ri'S At?ilRi 1 1 ^ sn?%5 -^^m}^ %-?n 's?t
( R t s R t ? R?j:t ' ^ ( R f ^ - R l T t W ? t p t ^ 1 ^ '<ft?5R 1%%^ Pjlfel^4. t%?n' '3lT<3?1W?:ifl^ R ^
^KI? R ^ w t ^^rrm I ii'i?j^*a> J R?;^RS?SH, ia[?sf&Rt1%? ^ ' ^ 1 ^ 'il?5l^
o oi-i^'-'^ ^ ^ % r R f i ^ *tt35rRttr) ^%<?! at^ ?55?t ?sc?^ I tat 0^ ?MI?Rt)j ^siR^l^cii^ R*t*5, RrAlt'itl
il?5f& f S a t ^ ^ I C ? ? ^ 1 ? W ^5R?R *ff>s?f ÎR ^ i e e o ?itftt? WrtAi*'' ^ftHii^)'^ tiRmc^ I "i^st^? cR
5^<ift?.'c*ff???n "t^st^? tPif^ WHftstcvt? Rra^
lii?^ iKlc* Rmf%?s -^rti^ra 'Nr?^?!^? rt;*u R^stsm ^srt^ (Achenese) ^Rt5?fl^'(A4li(l* ll<t3f>1l^ CTt
Laurence Blnyon, ^T?t? t ? Emmy Wellesz |T)11
?sR\5m 'srcsRs-Ri^^ct ^ * p ^ 4 ?sir5 m5^-*a f?1% ?s<ff
'iki3,?ik ^t*!^ <^(rII*(l HWO^H >l>l>il>llll4. <3 R'TC'W'ftft "ft? llRjii
^ s t t ^ l l C ? ! tatfâifS (^ Pl^RiilW irfVs m^) 1?[^ 8AS>; (A) <^ (?rt?s, Suppl. Cat. Arab. Mss. Batavla, %
t ? t ^ f t f ^ fR?s^ i]t RMb^jR ferfS îRS^*.^ $i^4W^ i!, Ai4i; ( ) R. O. Winstiedt, A Histoid of Malay
C?SR ii)<pstw<l ftf^ ^5R5rapR ^c4^l8, (t8<t t.;
Sixteenth Century-Emperors and Princes of RT^nR^m? W{J g. (e) C. Snouck Hurgi-onje, The
Ttmur) *llAlW RS? % llRjii ^spjRt ^ I R ^ R R R ? s | ^ Achehnese, At., Ai'b 1.1 ^5rR^ RTsnw- ^5? ^tRft af^
*lt^'i|lR<!> i e e o ^5. ^??S5T ^Rilli^W-^ 1 ?srawl? ^[@^ 2 ^ ^ S Rlt?^-Rtî#T, W io>b R (Rft),
5 t ^ ^ i R?r s R i : ^ ^ f g R ^ At?ilc^ I ivsos. fA. ll^fi^-Rt^rll^, w J A V 1 R (i%D,
Richard Etinghauson (E.I.2 / ivSii It. t^STttw I SIW3R^^tRt3n:??^5. T B G ,
Tit. 'sn. % ) / C?5. iR ^5(t??pt^ tj. b-e, iio I >4lHn>t RW^ t?=? ^RT?R t?^ -m^'^
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Contents
*il<n>t>ih|j|
^ 5 ^ ^ J 5 ^ ^ *^5rt^ ( ^ j U s^[TO^
5ff^ 'iRs t3?l? R t ' R ^ ' T ? RTsftcg fijsj.oi'iMn R t t i ? ^ r H R , ^ . ife'jyb t?rR5 2iti\i>cai?
c s i R ^ , iiviR*br ^. C>SfflM1 '*lH'i=1 ?sifR <Wl>ICi|^ W ^ t ^ il^fS^ f t l R ^ s
s t P W . a w t T O i ^ (Brockelmann. i f l P i t ^, i j . WR^1?Rt ^*W?t ?SC?R I ^ I T O tRbMHl^ R l f ^
^fSSStWW (?tM ^ timtratWC<> RH ?!C?I I C>StHlW=1 <Mf>IW<l
p. Voorhoeve (E.I.2)/ *il<tni >I>IM Rf^ W i f t s f T O ' l i t -^rT; R f <1>(>|5R^
RR^c'fir R # ( , i * ^5l?t?j fiRR >s(i.)f xs fit'stitaiIH CBfTO f f l ' l ' i l t ^ l ^1t'St*||<) ^ ' f
^||ijj4 t l i l t ' i N aitiil'St'i i R f w R ^ ^ S ^ t w (RttTO
aJtW 1?l? WS I ifeA'b ^. ?ltfRCUS-JM-H,
^ ?5R^ TfRR? 1? ^ a m t R 5 t R ?tfTO s r w R ^
iJjAb- ^ . BSafT'l W t . ^ a R . R . , SS>o ^ . Pi^'Iî)! Rsra^n ^ttrnw csfUMî <>\9\W< it^^^Nîw ^tr?tw ts'^
og|(>n>bi^ w T S f t t ! R # 'smr 'a >tiR.c^j ^ ' t i ^ i ? R . la.
R^îlW ^siRjRW l1Jl?R T l t t ^ CSRfiRR <l>li5|V|i

w ? # T O cP^TOT^^c is>w TOTt^R R T s ?sR?it ^t?m
.RRSfsm R f ^ H W t C S f ^*IItRf ? s % t R ? W f Rfft i R m R r (iJj'bA i.)^5i:piR nitwH i iS'bA ^.-'S
bRRt CTttTO ?sc?ft I 4<:S5,IH R r ^sR^srsr i Rstct?! i ? 4t|5|Ci|< R?PWi ^ f f W ? Rt^lt?5l (?iCt R??r< ??I I
iiRtw ^ R n t .a?? T f W i^p 2t?ptR5 R i i R H ife'bC-IARF SfiTsiRRS ?stRcsRI a j t ^ *t?4^ lilt WRsF RtlR^P
^<siii? .(^sj?t# '&iR?5) | R < ^ R s w c T O T O 'praT I ^ r R iRbM-ll ^RTS Rslf^WRS 'SflRtR ?sRirf "^TOST
isfto ' J . R R t ? R f ' i ^ r t w . R ^ wi?R5H ?scgar |:^5tRs?2ltWQ?? I iS4rt-iil?I .ilRl^l R T O ^ [ ^ ^
^ j t j t R ? TiR liRt fc*f ^5[RfS^ n m 1 R R . i w ^ w ^ H r r R5f5.'5rT I^51?f8fi5tf (MINI'S - a k i H ^5t?R! "^TtRR^ I
Rt?,?lR?s R c s H I R R - ^ - a ^spTsj R t j w t c i R l i R s W^tm ?t. R., i t . , 5 1 0

<1>RCI ^ 1 R R v5W W C f t R C T ? RT?! RIRsl? R m ^ ^Pl<f>l 4 W l K < l l 11*11*1 (g. t ^ ttRsr) i
^RiTf: issftA i w ^tro f f e t ?5R?n ( W ? T 'ii?^ î?ic4
( S j w R ^ R m <>H\M -M ^ i sf^^rm t? R R swtj
o)g wr-?iRt^, ?5r<i5 lilt >[stR^ iî^, RR
iRC^H îllsRf l ^ d ? f "^R (5.) -*il fRno ?t?llCfH,
I | R H lltH 1!? R^lfbVi) I Rs^ wpn TOi Rt I ami R f W liwitat tT liit CT, R R
R R LIPRM i i R ^ H R?,?mtai t R w r a R 5 T t R R-Cifb'* '!A4/iAî-b- ^ t^^Jilwsi >iRf-<3i::< ift5[ *il*w? silstj^ni?i
AtîilfWH I i f e s i %Tf?tiT ? t m ^ r S ^nrai ? t P t R i t R s R wt?l^-WiR-iiRr 1? TOR f t ? tt^Rst? TO5C^
w^sft^-usra R . R T I R I M TOSfiR.RTIWT ?s?n ^î I ^ 1^ ^ T T I R W ? ^ SltC^, RR I^ i|*ll4H ^ s t a j R ^ ^ t ^ W 5lR?|:%
i|,RNI>i t^'t W f t ^fll>Sli Wf-$>l31 rTPR! 'stJ'i'q* iic^5i RsPl?
.5^?riR?R r^M?^'3nR-T5^-RiT(almohad) R R ? RsPt^
wsst? R R TORtwH cspT t-fl^nsSt'G? i?fiRbl*i4> rc*f RmkîTB CT "i^jfl?! îtR <pR*)lRi "Kiwiw *iit'Sr'ii ?]t
4R?ilRi CT, '^M jRti% f t ? ^Tpwwt? s t R ? ^ ?t?t
I 'iHii>i.Rmw rt?n:^ >s?s ^^c^ TOwrn: r u R ^
i (Rgînft R R t R ^ t R ?sc?H I ?t?llIfWi <iI??,|lii(H ^^'\ ?t? C?s?6T "?t% l i l ^ ^ftl9l?
r^r#t 8 ( i ) cFrmti^ c t w f & r o ( i s i i ) , { . A b - ; ( A ) S ! t ^ t l a - R w i T 11?1 v f l R ^ 't?|? TOT^t ?scgi? ^ ,lt
(?TmH# C t e w f fiWR R ? < l R , ^. IO<T; ( v s ) ^ s R l ? ^ ?st?c=^ ^t?t? ^ft? Rsns? ^ I ^5i?i? ^tR^
R % 3 R??mtcg smR^ ^sitt? f t R ^ s #?ft <3 ^5i?r?i R ? ? f , R R a 5IW?s RRrtf ?rn?I? 5tf?sRtt ?PR ? t ? t ^ ,
i R s <?rlc^ ? j R 1 ^ *tRB?n ^ ^ 1Sl?J ?R?t 1 W ? ? I CT ^ f R f t t?R?5 1?Rt
"S. iR. *lHil=1 ? s t R i TO'fttt '3<^|??tt=t? iTm?r 5# (R)-.ii? iR?ic?? iR '
t*t*it^R'St<(>ii
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Contents
Ho ll<lij-^ *iICT<p ^'RI'T
W ?5feir5 i?f ? r i R .at ^ w ? f?r*m R f w r t TO alumbrados, (1), And, 1945, 9-11; ( i i ) G. S.

^ I 'Stl<lll1 *lMHij<J <Mfl4lff ^l^W^pf Ctlra R R iSfSJStêf CoUn. Chrestomathie marocaine, 226; ( i A )
liR^ cm ??R '*3lW<l WJTOiet' aflOT I ^s,*!?! Brockelmann, S I, 787.
(?ict R R T O tc^r R R RsfM (Bougie)TO^^ WRl^pTi? R Le Toumea:u {E.I.2) / 5?Ntf W ? ^ itlR^
Rfji^ ^ W | i i w R (g.)-*^ f ^ '^^v
J l ^-
TOt?^ Rsf (?tC^ TO?Ti?R R W J RRnT ^10*11 I CT^ftW Rcsm
. - . ) 8 t ? 1 W ? ' T O W R - ? T R # ' W R - W W f t W5t--sFt^,
TOtff TO^ W*mR4 ^ ^ R W R R ?sc^ RlMTO ^ ^ H T ' R
ii<ic^l? c s t j i R R t tsR'SRtRi I .at R ^ l ^ "JFIR
?5C?1 I
R?J? ?5ITOI <>^M .a?^ . C T t t R R t iiv!)/iVS>ft R R R t R ^ H
vi<ic#ii ^ RiRcj ^5iTO R ^ R f ^ti stw
?5c?^ I ^5t?)? wf%?i 'srt? ^ R i ? ?jR? ul? R R TOUI:? I I ?
^5tTOR^T^RfRf WRTTO^ I "RlffW^RRRTO
R?i'n:t? TSRj ? j ? ^ W P j ? ; ? ? % R R I ? C ^ ^ C5ti
ItRrat ^ ifl??, t t f t R r o ?sRvs"; "C1TO ^va!S<><n:^ 3T^2|<PI?
(voi^fR 5 . ) ia?^ ^5i?t? R w ? w R ^ .at?if ?ca? ? ^
RffR '5tc ^ îR'S, WW? t^lWlW TOJ 2tTO?sc?JT
s T T O ?sR?Tcf^ ît?t? t ? ^ t ^ - R g R 5 l ? - ? s ^ - R - R t ' W R
T?r at?ef ?sRis ii<i^ WW?? CSW<P WTf R?s^ ?f? ^ 1 ? sffTOJ
^ t ^ - w ?m-R-^ a^X I 4 M 4 l ^ t?T W a R^twir?
R " I ^^Rs wt:^, ^ ^ t R ^ ^'TC'T^ R R ^5l?t? ^sfS^r^ R ^
^ t J , W ? R t ^ - ? t < Q T O ' ' R ' W W rl?-ftf?5r R l ? 1 # TO^
IvT^lf^w-^ R R ^5t?t? R?5^ #?pfiRR istiRtvo ^tRmRiRl ( t ? l
w^-?mt^ R ' R R ? 5 ^ (?5iR i\5AVif>ov) I R R ^R5?
W T O , Rot<p -TOFlf^, i o ^ ) I t?t ? R 5 W ^ , W ^ - ? 1 T O
W ? ' i l t R - ?T?1?5'R W W ^ ' f i R R Rl'l?T#R ( f l l R l R , ?T?1
'W^ Wt RtR*# (S.) r?l? R ? I Rc^R, RR ^ aj?i?t?
svo) RRR .a?stiR ? ^ Rt?t? R R '5r?,RRrR
^ tTO R ^ wRrrtRpR I
t m I Z13lR4 ?bHl<!'^?l *l^<lHii? ^Ts! R R ?5R?1 l i l ^ R l T O t
(RTSJ ? ? i f t R *I?:?5 Ti^sR V|<)C^|CVB ^|?tRR W C R T 5 R R l R
art 2(1?^ ?s?l I <>t?WlC ^l?r? f i R e R t R l f 'STSfHR^nR .at
votfRt? R R S ^ R f e ? ? ? , CTOR ^ R t ' W ? ^ - T O I 1 W ?
R n ; ? ^ R ? ? R R w ^ - 5 ? T i ?sT?n?i ^tc si^jnvow? t ?
tiTR f k etna? tfa ^R*i ?sR?t vi?)c^l? Ri^t ^^^rt
R R w^r-WR^lft (5.)-*a? ^ R ? l Rl?; .a?sTOl ^ ? ^
fR?Tt ^ t ? t % I Rf^ tRitîc^t? ^-s-? %rir? t t r
^t?tR!?R, <?R^ ' W ? ^ - ? 5 -TR? #Wft (?) sTHK? Ifz^-? R ^ ?5c?^ I t ? t ' R ? t ^ R ? ? l R ? lR'5'p?RtRR W i l f t R ^ t l R
Rc?Ro'^c5T I Rt^sRiTOlf)? *t??^R^R^'%tTOTOilc? W # I ?tR' RRR i R R o (R^-JPlR, i i W iS>oo, A? R ^ il. R.;
^?7R? wrrrnsR ?S?T ?t i ^ ^ ^ R - - m ^ C R ? ? t R ? l ^ w f e l t R?ai 1TO 'îR^lR?) I t?f ft^ Rf^ ât .a?st
??i?53Rcs wc?iR .at ^tiîw?) ?<=fn>j ?Rt f f ^ TO A . ?5TO R???fR!?r?? .a?# lRCt%RRIlR ?SC?1; t ? l
Moulieras-.a? Le Maroc inconnu TOT^ atC^ i w^-ôi?R*?i ^ ^g^RiRR -t!#?n R.^[î??T?iRo-im'R?i
a r ^ t # 8 (i)W?'TOWT-^'5"ttTOtftWl-TOS'*t?T#, WtR' RRR t R R s I t?f W f ^ "twR^ R m .a?# ^?[?l ? ^
^l5iR-W'#i?It, tr. in Graulle, 'iTTvg?'i\5iT s^tR?, AM. xlx, ^^C?^ I R f W ? f t ^1TO ^si^Rs fRRlrR3 ? T ? ^ c < ^ ^ R 4
296-8; (A) Rt'?1%, W^-^1?t^-lR-?f??T, J>I?WI iAS>s R., tRl?% ^ T O R R R1T ?5R^ l i t e I R R I ^ I .at
A t . , b; () ^ " I t , t T l R ^ - R l , ^^t?C?t iv5bAR.,-2>f., A i o (tr. 5f^?51? i^R?F?Ttt f & R R t R w R ^tc W5R?s fSReRMRa
imael Hamet. AM, xxxii. 254-5); ( 8 ) t ^ 'W?W,
^^g?ct?fitOwiin?IbR^ <>f??ilcf'i I ^Si?t?'^l?R?l? TO^R?stc^ R R
WR-TOFiRa^-wR?f RR-TOnf^-RiRRm, ?n?i?t ivsô R.,
wt|R?5 f&R,>iiRiiJi >i'*ic<^R5f "tRrot TOttR^?sRt R w
^. iob; (ft) A. Moulleras, Le Maroc inconnu, Pciris
?t?lRR^ I
1899. 11, 159-79; (b) M. xicluna, que;ques
sf^tf) ? ( i ) t?=t 'w?Rw?, w-R?^ ? i R - w R ^ Rî
legende. Relatives a moulay Abdas salam ben
R t t R ? , ?l?t ivoVo/iS^bo 'J. V'b-fe; (A) M. Lakhdar, La
Mechlch, A M . Hi, 119-33; ( H ) A Fischer, der
vie lltteralre au Maroc, ?l?t i S H i %, î-8
grosse Marokkanische Heilige Abdesselam ben
mesis, ZDMG, 1917, 2G9-22; ( v ) E. Michaux ^RS,RTfl
-Bellaire, Conferences, AM, xxvii, 52-4 et 64-5; ,^ ED. (E.I.2Suppl.-2)/-g?r?FRt5ng^
(s>) E. Westermarek. Ritual and BeUef In ^6iMn>j ^rtT^Rs^nrw ( a i u j i 8^. isR

Morocco, 11, 600; ( i o ) Asin Palaclos, Sadilies y Rî:^ CtTO<, R15RRRCT? 2(^1 ^spiRl OSfW ufRcS'Bw?
t*i=il^ R j t c ^
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Contents
Hi
R ^ ^5tAt? W * T â^js)^ W ^ 1%R ^5tAR^ ^

fR ^'sm^ *Pi<iit*r^(<iiiHc?i15)<MI) l>|-$Rw (?mmH ^^SC?^ (i)rS>v5 '^.) >il?^

c*f& 4iwt'i5,j.*n7f ^f^5 A^ (ivjs^ %) I csf^n
?Ut%^ <MW<^'5WC'*R
5 l f R ?5t? W P T I ^51^ ^5i?rW ^ iStl>tIU>| liR. ^ ?#5n sfR >[cmf stiAistwuf (Rrt RPQW*) I ' A n
Enquiry with the causes of the Failing of the
MutaziUtes' ^st^ 1t15pT *ra?^?sn?f ^Ct
^t.R.it., i i o 'sf^wfc^ffif^ ^R?rf 1^ ^ fe^ ^ W R I
^Srt^ C>1MA,IH ( Q I - . .,tl g-Li:) 8 t ^ , ^ R ^
?I%t^ ^ 5 ( R ^ WKAlH % 5 R R^n - R ^ , ^?ilfil4
'SRI^??? I % B R # T O t=^Rlft R ( R Rfi|I^V>1HRSltC
R?^Rt*Rff^l
(^'TCSt5lT)-ta? ^ ' f s ^5(t^?l5f ariCT ib-Sib- Wit I ^^vf
)lfistii^l4, ffe.W'i
RpfJT *4HPl( ^Rt^^lfe I ?^'?H ^'H ^JfRs
?sR?It t R tll^lCSH ^ 5 i R ^ # I 'J'TOW 'STRgsr
CTHAiwî ^ H f f ^ ^ I ^'^t? Pi<M*i mmw
'^'mM csrf?^ A^ I w i ? ^*irSCT? TRj t R f N ^
am A^ >itJil?i4R\ CTKAH
R p ^ i f i m '^s^ iRbiPi* ajwPm f f ^ t ^ Rft^ sfr5T
*iiîj^>i c>ii)Aiwi) t^rsm t^î ^5TAt? 'aai tiiiRi?ii R ^ ^ C^f fTC?R ^ I ^ RPT i igf^T ôtdt T5W?
srrs I ^ [Cizi?r -R^sS -^j^ feR ^J^SR ît^
flt!?R, ^ ^ i ^ ^ f*w? >itt^ t>iii^ ^ tf^*.lCT ^ t7R^ (A*I!M ^1<I1) (RWAIW'SI Rftt ^ ^^tsR??! "ftf^ I^SfARI
4I5MH, ' ^ 1^ |C1I? 4WC'Sj -^îm ^Tttftra ?T1t (5R ^ I f? RrB M R O T ? R T O %r i(*il*i=iiw? ^^^prarR i
Te|1% t^f t*i1lR'* 'CiSC'i'R ?T?rlTiR*f sWRR W^ 5}%
At^lIC^ r 'von Heinrich Steiner 2 f % s D i e
Mutazllitin Order Die Freldenker im Islam' RtR^
WPfRat^? t R %nfsf 49?J1C^H I ^ - W ^ sf^
^csR I w iS)iS) R. -a. fM ^Rw-r I f%f^
^R>ii(iw-îft5?-'iR'a t?ra1w ^ 5 1 ^ t R 4R?jic6iH I t^n^
^t?FVf-%? ^-?nft fif^ 1Wt?p-^n^ ^srmft af^f^
^nq^tTO*t 2fRfif*fR^fil^ Ri^Rtaj1?1%g Rr5ri^%^
t w ^ f t ^ A^ I "Sim wHAH ^rmt f?n:T f w
TftR^'6 t|gR ^ra^llCSiH I ^1%^ mai t%f^ i)4l<Libi>|<) -4i|S(^C1ii

w n , Tw tsPlil5i!^ (Rsni^ W I T , R1%^ ^ ^ i ^ T m ? - ^
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Contents
W?5^(?tmR HA
(5) What Is the true Interpretation of Islam ? Cultural Activities of North Eastern India, The
Muslim Hall Magazine. Dhaka 1929; (2) The Islamic Culture. Hyderabad. India, January
Sources of the History of the Mutazila 1948; ( A A ) The Signiflcance of the 'Shahadah'
Movement. The Dhaka University Journal, Recalled, The Islamic Culture, Hyderabad,
1931; (vs) Wasil bin Ata. the founder of India, July 1948; ( A ) Cultural Activities of
Mutazilism, The MusHm Hall Magazine, Dacca Eastern Pakistan, The Islamic Culture,
1932; (8) The Mutaztla Movement, Salimullah Hyderabad, India, January 1949; (A8) Abu
Muslim Hall Magazine, 1933; (4) A Comparative Ralhan Al-Blruni, The Morning News,
Estimate of the Mutazillite ind the Asharite Magaztoe Section, Svmday, 16 Jvme, 1949; (A4) A
Movements, Salimullah Muslim Hall Pioneer of Muslim Renaissance, "Ramadan
Magazine, 1934; (b) Individual Moral Annual of the Muslim Digest, Durban, S.
Responsibility in Islam, Salimullah Muslim Africa. May 1954; (Hfy) R f ^ t^, 1 l f ^
HaU Magazine, 1935; ( H ) Influence of Islam on C T O T ^ , îKt?raf 5vSfto; ( A H ) -m^, (RtR^,
Indian Culture, The Young Pakistan, Dacca, vol. TW),W% 5ft^; (AV)^fPrtgfR ? # , f t R ^ cTOhR^,
1, No i l l , August 1949; ( v ) Causes of the Failure 5>aftv; (As>) R n f t o ^ l * ^ , Rtl^l^ CW3#, n?t
of the "'Mutazilltes, New Values, Dacca, vol. 1, 5 4 V ; (vso) "imw-A >illARj4 'J)>93|Pl<C mn?l, STtR^.
Nos. 3 & 4, 1949; (S.) The Highest Good of Life to CVKh^. 5ftV; (5) CTRRm^ (Rt^t^X'T). ^J^^
Islam, The IslEmiie Literature, Lahore, vol. 2, cm^, 5ftV; ( A ) f M 'Ft^:fR ^ 5 1 ? , RTC? R 8 ,
No. 7, July 1950; ( i o ) Abu AU ibn SIna, Ibid, CRSHlft 5c,ft; ( ) 'SiRRtPRr 'l^lPBwlt5t RsRl, 1113^ ftl
vol.2. No. 4. April 1950; ( 5 5 ) The-World Before f s , TS.fJf 5 , . 5 M ; ( 8 ) im^ ^ 'siW'l.v^
and After Miihamrhad (S.M.), ibid, voL 4. No. 1,
January 1954; ( 5 A ) The Message of Islam, The . f*ftl5l Îfi|a4i*l <;Al*ilt'<
Islamic Review, Woktog, England, vol. 37, No. 9,
^-^rR=Tt (ÛaVi) 8 *'jgtn\ 4?#%mTOraic
Sept. 1949; ( 5 ) The Highest Good of Life m <U<)A|51 8 ( 5 ) ' T f f t^'T TOTtf )hl t^'T ^ l ^ i - i i l ? ^S^tSRl
Islam is Beautific Vision, The I s l E t m i c Review, ^stR W R J ?j^t w ( j ??5*Brw? Rcfi*t^ iRt I ctiaif^ % i
Woking, England, vol. 38, No. 6. June 1950; (58) WW-Rl^m' RTST^F R g ^ f e ^srftRl^ft (Tg. F.
The Universalism of Islam, The Islemiic Review, Wustenfeld, Re^ster zu den geneal. Tabellen der
Woktog, England, vol. 38, No. 6, June 1950; (5ft) arab, stamme) I
Why Must we believe to One God? The Islamic ( A ) t ? 1 ^ V^lRt^CW^ tVltlW Stîl^'mft ??5ra*ft 1 RT?PF
Review, woktog, England, vol. 41. No. 8, August
1953; (5'b) Jahm bin Safwan and his ImM >mf 'w?R .^R)Ai^4cnti R#TO ^ a.
Philosophy, The Islamic Culture, Hyderabad,
India, April 1937; ( 5 H ) Mutazilite view of
Beautific vision, The Islamic Culture, t ^ W t C>RttR ?)lAra*lW al^Jl5î ' ^ U 5 ?? I ( R t
Hyderabad, todla, October 1941; ( 5 v ) The w wR1>i%T?i? ^ i T 0Rff%ir i i f m vjfB?j||^(4i\Rs,
Relation of God to Time and Space as seen by the tmcTO R t w R t w tf?r ?s i ?*i^ 'qjsm (t)-.^?
Mutazilltes, The Islemiic Culture, Hyderabad, ' M ? TOim c*iifstH îwRxiJKiM t?Mm K^,
India, April 1943; ( 5 * ) Cultural Activities of }?f ?sc?H <iR^ wRi^ f N s m R # m r r i ' R w i f
North Eastern India, The Islamic Culture, ?5n?r tiiimw )i>SflHR4'>i(\t)î ^ mB w r CTtttw
Hyderabad, India, July 1947; ( A o ) The Nature of *tR*jcf - s r a t ^ f ^ ^sm -'M^ <m?F I ^ " t ^ F t w^ TOP?
the Summum Bonum in Islam, The Islamic (?t)-.il? R r W ?!>n?f ^ T O W t T - ^ ^ . t W tF'8s|f*fSv6 ? ? ( g .
Culture, Hyderabad. India, October 1947; ( A 5 ) ?tTO) I
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Contents
IO
sr^r# 8 ( i ) Th. Noldeke, Gesch. d. Perser u. Wustenfeld ^[^ ' s r m T f k '^'sRi^ w ' , f. ô-ia?
Araber zur Zelt der Sassanlden, 220 ff.; (A) M. J ^spptft ^simtAt ^'H m ^ sfRra t M Rn%T' ( f ^ r m ?t
de Goeje, in the Glossary to Tabarl s.v. f S R R ) R^ft f c ? ^''R mauo ^5rRpf "it^<i firat? boR 1
K.V. Zettersteen (E. 1.2)/ t ^ R ^ ^^tt? i f t ^ % f (^[Ak#, ? i ^ * ^ - ^ , it.,
(o) vAlM-lliB^t-m^^ ( < J j j J i ^ L L J I ) 8 ?Tsf-ira<irMi) 80) 11?^ i p m ? 'J. Hb ^tc^ ? f % , Rpftnt tiwl^ 'ptRft
???ii?, tiRîRi^ '^r*Mift t^Kmw? arrttR^ (Rf?l?rt7:5?T ^ t ? ^ - T t ^ " K (?l)-'ira tiRi ?n^>a
*tw^[^ '^l<t<1l^ lR<(IW5l W U O T ? 2lf% sCTtWI, I'etRmt^FW ^4TAR -sf^ ^#1 A k i ^ ^ T ^ - t i l ? ftlR' % 1 I volAlCvo
^sFR^-tii? ^ o f t 15^^ ^ % f (^tf%-^pi-^ ^--sm^,
<7i 'SRTRi T ^ > a ^ <#<n;? ^^pfen
R W ^ - f R R , T ^ . Wustenfeld, H<t) 1 Rs^ t^'=llCi|^
^lAit^^ w i r a c t i f h o itAtOT? 2ff% gtwtwT, ^ f i k A R ^
fW ^msfl^s! CtTft % 1 W ^ 5 R ^ w I an^rf^ ^^ni? ?mi? <ir i cwn t^f
7 i w i i % ^ I (Rtf^ îmRtdai? 2tOTgR ^ Rr^ %
^ I^ ?*Rrm ^1? ^pRtm iRtr 111,?^^ t%in '^srr^
r i R r ! t ? ^ ^ " G i i R <i?i^=i ^fFm-'ii? f ??T^'T-'msii-?
af^t^t 8 ( i ) TSftft-W, V l f f l t t i *ll^^l<t>, (a) j .
R^ffW<' -^c^R, ''!R iStW? iR^J b^tlfDw '^TR^pR (RTTR
Wellhausen, Das Arab, Reich., 347 f. j t H #
W (Ri^ W R I t^t ^5RU R ^ (R, ie,'JRv3 t ^ H O T ? ^
e^'b 1.); ( ) A Mez, Renaissance d. Islams, 151
^ "^lifR % 5 RRW' ('iRf wriR lii^ fit^ #wt)-iira
(t?JiR# iee 1.) I
(8) ^HHlS<ii-^l*<l ( d l P L L J I ) s ^R"!* Î'Stv^'MM
t^RC'* liR^ ^ ÎWHR <J<IAl's) ?RT t t ^ I t ? ? ^
?slC5T ^^v itk-iî <p|$t"p|4 ^#1^0 ^h<lhtaT, ^T?WT, iSfRIRR WTRI,
f w ^Rt f5i%m ^ = ^ " ^ 1 ) ^ r n i ^ w f ? ?s5*)^cti<iw <pftt?T?
^ vsrf^ St^Pfvo ttTRR ?5t^ ? R vmm IJIWR (Panel) 'TS^RTsr t^sitf^ m^ Rr*R ^ =n
W I RMl-sj^ RRs5^-*il^-|Ri-'t4||<i-|R?iji' (^5iR^ in^)-'il 'il'R^
^ ^ ^ R P H ^ t (R%55 i^s?rf ^ 1
( ( J ) ' s i m r - t "PrTtft^TH (^1)1 j.fti^. , ^ L ^ i ) 8 i [ ^ ^ o R m
^ A l ^ ^ - % n ' S R t f t a f ^ 'R^vsi^H-^TRTs'-'il? <R t'Q
^sm?^ 'y 5^ At^lC^ Vst^!C *IH^>I tRfS
C^sf^3 ^ I 'SlH-îff f l ? ^ - ^ r l S H H t afc^ ^5rtRw
W!\ b^ '5^*11^ P^nRl% 'i\\k^'A afSRt^ I *IAICH<(W
X5TOR1 ^sTR^-tii? îwib'iî ^Rr^ Tnt?t ^ n ' G R t f ? r
^ft% R?1cs*? Âl? ^ 5 f g ^ ^tpsc^ lilts
at^ttt 8 (i) H. A. R. Gibb and H. Bowen, Islamic
^ ^-f^ ^ - % n ? t f t 'R^snR-RRt^'-'ii Rif^tr^,
Society and the West, i/it., ^bS. t . , 'SA^ t . ; (A)
Ismail Hakki Uzuncarsili, Osmanli Devleti [ ( ^ R R ? 5 - ^ f t ^ ) 8 RRiTRT I t ^ ^ l ^ p R l ^ ^tc
Teskilatindan Kapi Kulu Ocaklari, 1944, 2J, RiAt^ [=?sn:k 'fof) c'Rmr (Rt^-iii? ?^?er=?^ cRtît
1381.1 î^'CT ^mm t m i ?ftt ?r)1 teR W a? liw
B. Lewis (E.I.2)/'J'TIIiT'srR^p?^? l i l ^ ^ ^rl^ p liRJ^ ^ A?Rt ?C5, R s i alt^ (RfBT, ^ ^

??J?R ^ t ? ! tt!:?s I ^"RQ ^''R^S ^gCJR t R ^ t ^ RIR ??I?R ^01 I
^M-i^l j-iî) 8 R % ? m 8 îRfi, ^5rR5j5t v3 -sTRgR, t^t ?kn^lt=T (^[?if? -?R) ^5,1^ A? I t R R S f ^5RR^
tI^ W t % I f * ? < ^tf% ^ I tAt *t=f 'EBENOS' ?t05 awe?? A?; ^*IJ t^r R^bstt I ^ til^ am!R? ^5rt?^'tt?^^^
I f f e <ss^% vosff ^ 0 tfij^ bony, R l r f ^ ebenum, -smt ??j?? 1 ^ iRH^ ? l^ri^f^ "ftc^ ^ I t^f ipnTR
ebenc, t 5 t % 1^^511% ebano, WI^H ebenholz, ^^Rf%
eben t ^ J l R ' ^ ^ ^ t w l ^ l '"t^ hoben sftfR Rsifhl C5TRS5SR ( R % ^ I ( R t t R ^ T f t 3 T - T f t % : ^ * t j m < p r R ? ? t %
^ haben-'a?'3 t^t? f i t ? % K ^ i i^ R t ^0 î5Hm ^5fR^ ^ A? I mm ( R f ^ ^^#R? ^
^sTAfW? ?5< % <m (^tR?rRR--'5rRR) <i!tZ^ \ ^ WRf^
a w ? ?sldk Cvs^ ^ 5 ? ^ ?5TT A? 'JKI? R t ^ t R l t M (R'STn
strSk ^ A^c^t (TiRrt^ wtf% lilt '^"'ic^ 'Gîtî'Ai'^ % T Atîcfei I ^ *ii<)^>i "5Rm [^^ ftl2^5 ^^RR! ??!?? ^
lii?^ vRr ^sTfRRiRrar ^5tc^ ^ ^5tm# ^^R i ^ 5 ^ 1 ( ^ J e - ) ?T RR1-?5Hfe.ilR>'sl?smf ?Rt t t ^ l 25tr
. t*l'1l5) R^C<PR
t.RVio
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Contents
18
iotf^ ^ (twT^ iTg?T ^ wm-RmtRf ^ t t ift) I sfR R. (t'Jjo -lil), ^pmTO R o R W r i l ^ ^ppTOt ( t f T O ,
R f RiMRt-iira Î<\C'^ (Rv. -g^psmr R # wr^tft, ies, t?t), Myerhoff R^ ^[Rs, {. iS>A, i^,
^s ^rrtlT, ^J. 1A; ( ) R R ^ R , W^T-^frfl^ R^T
"iFim-'ira wiMsTO ^ t R ^ t ^ T O RiRlBfi TORtE^f ^ f WiRTmRR ^[^FTOt (^[RR;?S I5;R, R . i A s > i , '5. ir L.
TO! ^ t r i K f I w r W R - % i ^ 2tw ' M ^ ' RCR? ^ ^ R R Leclerc-f tTO ''F?t^ ^stgTO Rt?t Notices et extralts
des mss. de la Bibl. n a t . l J t R R , R^tJT i-C WR;
fsR'^Rl ^'Ra? lst*iic?^s w?^5iR? ^ f tt-suT TO i ^5?T^ (8) w ^ - ^ T R f ^ , W^nt15iC<i) t ? T ^ *il<i<i(;w?l ? 3 t v 5 ? ? I (^) Rr#) ^s?nRl^ ^ R R , I>l*l>l^1 W W ^ - % i ^ (^TOT#^
CRt>aR? ^ ^ R R \ ? W ^ ^ R C ' ^ Phlyctenous ^^^TtR^t WftR^ 4 % t R R^T-Rit, R^fTT Rlt, <J. i o b - f . ;
inflammation m.-^ f i R îTiR TOW (1) ^ 'jî^ ^'^pr^ ( I R T O I t R ? ^ ^ ) ^ T O
?jtfe iSRT ^ ' W f t ^Rrn t t j ^ 1 cti:^ % E t TOR1% ^liRo, 131 i ; (br) R m t ^ - W i % f , R R i A I b r R., 80;
(RttRgjc? (R^nsMra s t i R R t ? t r o R i < C R ? I TOR (S.) RMTO-t ^ "S?Jt TOîTOR, TtR=nJ iS.88 i
^ I ^5if?[Pfg ^ - f i t v o K ^ ^ iR<St ^ 1TOlm g^Wi ^ I f t p t ? J . HeU (^. Rt.t.)/ (RRHR? W ^ T O
tî-Q R R m ^ , ( ^ ) ifTO cmt? ^sfmr ^ - t ^ * ^ ( ^ i 3 _ ^ i ^3^1) 8 R t ? t f t
"=1=1 C T O î^TOiR^ Rc*R I Î^FTOIR ^'SpIJ^-ifl?
W^gg-TOTTO ( ? T ) - i i R Rt, -SRI ^ f ^ TO 5flt I
*o)^>ilW, ? R t r o Riff R f t e ? ^>ojtM TOTO <IRT ??I t?f îR
t<^*i R W i -.ara î^fTOn: t T O ^ f l f t ( ? ) R * t ^ - ' ^ ? i R TOT^
Ctv5f ^5tC5 R?Cf R f R W o ?5I l i R l ^ ?nR?Jt ^ 4 % !
\5tTO w ^ t f f ^ R r n ^ I ^ttro ii^jw ?R5
TO I Dioscorides-ia? ^srRl^ ^5I^|Rtft ftRR%r îH^n
Rt^l(.^ I R f t ^ TO^ ?cwT, R R ?T533W^'(R)-ia? R I ? 5 ? TO
l?#?t W?g!R? \|STTO ^SIR?5? ^ 2 f T I WRf5[%I ^M^Ji-ifl? (R ^ I (R5R ITO ^?ti?s ?R5 ??I Rit, tTO
R ^ 'S^Rlj ^ t ?? \st?f <)\S4(|W ^^R >o|?H^^ f f t R ^ R ^ '^(?5 (R AlnlsÎ^fi ^''fTO ? R t '^?t ttc?5 ^ ^ i t r o I p i
R i R fttttCS?, R t R f t T T O "sjRTOf (Mauritius) ^MT^ "w^g? - T O : T O '^C; ?R5 I
^^^ ^M^>i-ia? a f T O R ^ ^'ff's, Diospyros Maba-ifl?
ar^f i t 8 ( i ) t ? ^ - W t ? , ^R^-ft^t, C ? T O iAb-'b R.,
5n:*iT's R T I T O ?R?rR:f i 'Z^Rtf'sR .at s ^5tw ttu ?s|^ i
i f . , 88, 8(5-; ( A ) W ^ - ' W R s l W f t , WR-tR1?t, R ^ i A b - R ,
RtRfsR il\s ^ CT, W R ? t C ^ f 4TO1arm W I S ? I i f . , i 1; ( ) W?R-1?tf ^srsffR w m t t ^ - R t T O t , t??f vst. R.,
m^ ^ffR^R tl&4l ^l<l^*f p ' f f R ^ # 0 I ? T O ^ ^
if., I .
R ^ W^^pro (RR R T O ? I WRRRTO W R f T (RtWR
^swR^^st%r
RrTO[R) B . E . Brehm-ia? sJr^ (Reiseek a u s
Nordostafiika) Wjqlft ^ \s!?r il& (RftC'R ^ ^rt^?lW ^ ^-tTT^ ( JL__:. , ^ 1 ) 8 (?t)
? ? I ^ T O ?5|t R^RHRg ^^^-s R R ? P R ? ^ I I R I ^ 1 ^ ^ WÎ-RtWRft WR-Rt^t*^, t?tTO ( W ? ^ ^5lR?l^, -SRI
TOTO ^ ^ '5tiR ^ ^ % t f R n TO I tRf W R f TO ^ II ^ T R ?T^3W? ( R ) - ' i R R ^
TOiH-ia? ^ w^-niR#f<s w^-wîRiiJiv^î- iRiRlwRR? ^ = R f R ^ % Rro? btc?^ I ?1^5lW?
^piRM RIR^ atr^ W ? ^ p R ^ f ^RiilC^-f I Montreal-.^ ( R ) ^ l A l W ^ s t R H R f t ^ T^; R f W ^ ' W ?lR^
ft^RR^ ^c^ Rg (R"STn ^tTOf I W R - t l R # t R Ws-^5iftft (?t) [ R I ^ ' W ? ^ f w f t R (?t)l-ia? wiRc
^ ^:jiRn^ i ^ r r o R R R ^ C ^ I Atc^c^, .at wR^-â? ^ *iTpic->it îl'^l^ ^ fil^jkk ^^R?l (R5? I ^TO tR<ic^ ^!?lw
<p|iK.<p ^tf^r: (,pPiiii RiR ^ t R ^ Rt ?5i, ^fFt ^ ^tc TOJ i S f R t t ( ? t i ^ ?tTO SITO ? R ? 1 (5. IRI?"?! t ? 1 W T O
c5H ^ 1 vsTRspr-w ^ RcR ^'Wfl ?Rm ^ t R \ s l ^ fRIiSr, ^. i i o , St^) I
?? I t ? R TOW vB'oiinSt f&R'^RRslW? RR^ (^m R R RRRr% R ^ ?tr ^sffiR ^ ? R o ^^?itTO ?Trttra
??i I mm % 5 t TOJ?% RR^ ?TtR:, laiFR ?1^W? (R)-.a? R R O w w t ^c?R, C4?=r ^ witw? ^'s.RtRs
R^vsR? f l R ^-R^'f ^ T O ^wct TOTO ? R t ??I I 'T^R, W ? ^ R?,fT?s W Rtror^ y>IWC4t 1?% "^HR Wfelt
sf^fit (5) W ^ R R ^ ^ - s T O W R s , R|^|<INI^C^Tl<l>'5-vt ^5rtt=T ^t ^ I f%f^ ^-^1*1 Ai^ R ^ f w H r a fm ' R t ' R ?#5n
? # t ^ ^t%5=r i # T p t ^ m ? ! ? (?T) ?r=5^p^ (R)-'im ?ai^ (?rtfiRf^t^fÂ=Tlt*1vr*f=1 fMT ^JtAI? ^1? "fhl
?icR I t % F f '^m (?t)-rîi7Rmfr ^ 5 i m m - ^ ^ - m r ? f^^WilW? ^'H I fMT '-ilAlW t ^ ^StATa
1 ^ <||R)1 !^?IT ^nn iiI?^^SRj|?(j ^ f # l ><HHI^W R?5^ t f ? T O ? w ^ 1 ^ i w f%f^ lat ^5ff*if|io
f|!?R 1 i b ^ ' ^ - ^ I H i'Soff/Ab ^ p l t , i b V V ^ttAI? ^ 1
(R) ^ <pn%t I t^t? t ? 25tcs TftOT? fgf^ ^ (Rtt
^-il<i<il51 ?jRRt, \otf 1 < 3 ^ , >Q - # ^ 3 ^ f?fe^
sr^t#t S ( i ) ^Tfl^, ^pR, 'St., SA'S, 88b, 88% ( A ) 8o1^>Q (Rf^ |=r5R W ^ I t%fsf ^ - 1 1 ^ "3
t?^ ^ ' 1 % ^ ^ - W t > s 1 W f , ^ > S ^ - ^ ' ^ , b-t., A 1 , A 1 8 , t ? ? l f N ^-^lA^tHîA ^RR?5 <R\o^t%r'm^ ^ j f ^ Rft^ ts!
A1<?-i<?, îb, O i l ; ('S) t t % I "sîsm, ?R"^-^rtW|?T, i o t . , f?f^ I tfîîi ^ - ^ l A H i w ^ ^??f!::^ f?if5t ^StAi?
va^bC, vsvbvb; i s t , i 8 , iff; (8) ^nwR, f4*1t"=1 tmiw, "3 ^sTOw? R ^ fîf^t^ R t % j ^ f?TOs (3[R#?
^. i i o ; (a) ^ms, ^ - t ^ M , 1 W i'SAb R, i t . , i b ; (b) T f o ^ ^ ^.?ii>iitii-*ii^TiR^jf RR-?pntRM- îmtRim ^
^ TSTRf^ <rt??, ^ - t > i ' ^ * l H , i t . , <t^; ( 1 ) i'soi/ibbvs TO îiwicvo amfr5 i^Rir^ i ^ f ^ i f w R R ? s m
^ R ^ - ' M , C W R iAb'b f t . , i t . , 8(t, 8b; ( b ) ^ - ^ T R t f l , îTf ^ " s m i ^FIRR ^-f^f^RRs >Q ^gsftrrsTR ^ - A l f t '
xsl^tft^^silRsrlff R t ^ , ' 2 ? ? i ^ , ^ . R , i t . , I
R t f % ^ m " ^ T R - ^ f t ^ - ^ <!' RRRRIW iAHJi>/ ib^bA RHR
<MiiMi(;\o (2wRt^ A? I ^JtAk ^nR?5 ?5?rf 'fltJT'Q ^2mft^
it., i o V ; C Landberg. Etudes, A t . , ibovs) i (i) (f^t^Tt^) ?ftî

St^f#t S ( i ) ^5n# t H I ^1RRR5, ^ - f ^ ' ^ o f ^ - ^ ' Q ^ t f ^ T I t
'STRR (a.) ^TOd? t f ^ >iRs1^ OSf==n I CTt tAt? ^ ^-W!^, i o o e / i V b V , b t . , ;iJi>; (A) t<R Rftt?T,
^siRR 'sttwR; ( A ) W R R ^srt^[srff^ i V RwlfiiJl?l t ^ r a ^ R - ' ^ R -ft ^ t >Q?n 1^ ^srmf^ T ? W H f^Rro,

^^1?nRf ibS.H, i t . , AS>-8o; (^S) A T R R ^ i R - T R i ^ , ^ I T R R -
?mR, ?5nnRf i s , i 8 , % A A A - i ; (8) ^ # m?RR,
tAT ^ ?rr^ t?pT-^5rff? iAff/iA<2-)-ta^
W^rtHRi ( o ) ??.-tHa!#^ t1?1? R<H|5H5i_CA (Genealogical
At., i88-(2-; (<!) RI?#1R, ^'wt^-^-?'^51tf%^-\s)H!R?JI ?tH-
traditions) W W S R <uf^ Rms (^) ^srtWR t?^ l A l M
t?1^-'^1"s^ t?^ ^ r m R t?^-A""W?prf; ( t ) (^.) W W R 1-4IHIHI, W l T R t iS.AV ^(tv-bi; (b) x5rm-RR4<^,
(t?^) t?^ TTRs'Tjsj t?f^-Rt>Q>sTrm t?^ "^sn^ ' i m ; (t) ^ - ^ ' c T R , St., AA-; ( 1 ) f t f t ^ - n R ^[wtftfT, ^-'simr5f
"^H?lt*f t?^ÎHHH (>Q 'StAl? ^ '^STRR), ^ Htft, i t . , i i i i ; ( i )

>Q (sy^m ^nw? (Eponymi) R?.-ct ^îît^ I ip'i^RtPt ^^rafn (<-;j -> all 6j .^.^Jl Ot^l J l SUI (>LxVI),
<MJWI iS.ffo, A t . , iOb-S>; ( i r ) <t>lAAMI, ^ ' W R R - ^ g ^ l f l ^ R ,
îs,^< ^sRs^cf^ ^gfig g. G . Ryckmans, " Les noms
>bt., A o -8 1
propres sun-sfemitiques", 1, 36b, 51a, 325a.
RY. Ebied (E.l. 2, Suppl.)/Rlîet ^^-i
af^tift i (i) ^rsRtf, 1%-5Ff, Forrer, 42, fkn 8 (s|^
Rc#t^m); (A) Aifai'^^TiRR^^Bimif^^PiRsfp^ *IHÎÎ (4_aj_>i) s (?f), RiR?rm ^ s r f ^ ^ âîSR R i A t f ,
^5tAt? âtRt W R ! ^ I ^^piR^^^l^f^
'Sir ^ i m , i(2-i It., i & f.; (^s) ^-snt^Rt, ô#8( ^sirr,
^ÔT? ^ ^?ts}Af I W I ' W ôlWR ( I f ) ?|5jh=lsllA (^) - ' ^
it., 8 , ^ . I
R?.?R îtst îRPlRÎ*! ^TtWf% C^lHi^T Rfwr% >IAM^-H
O. Lofgren (E.l. 2) / ^sji^ t R
JIlAt^T 'oihlni pR<j|Rsi ?)|3j_<^sllA (R)-'iRtRs[C5 A t f ^ At*!!?
^-^srt^TTtft ( t ^ j L ^ v i ) s ^ t '^5rRP[5r^Rrsnt<R *i^4)R) 2ftRT'w^ I mm % ? R îRRiR^l ^tc^ OA >SR
R^'^S^TR t?^ ^ ^ - W W , tawr li>l^?J W'sti.l^?!! a n ; ^ f5lf?1II I5t!r5 \rW\, (Rf& 80 <n%, >o)lRf>lR?lR OA >SR
?TRRff?W I îtAl? 'SRi ^ n?R?ij| 2tOTrt? ^siTWt?
1^RW W f ^ R (?T) -liR 'iRto ' I ^ T R WR, ^ f^lRlR V W^
"SJW iô^b/ibAi T!?f I f ^ ^-TBTRm? a t f ^ t l f t ^ t ^ '$:?t si^TR ^ T O T iR^.^^W^ 5;::^ î'^tsJAt ^^sm I
'a^S.^StAl? RPof "3 ^*n?J?? tiRsSR f^'*lRch5l 1 ^ arttf^ *4lH?lAl (?1) % R f>lR?l J^C ^ ' f b WCT?t 'a^'SR I
t'iRlft RSC?R
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Contents
Hb "MM
rxf#t 8 ( i ) ÎM, t^-Ht, i w i A v R., i t . , i i ; wRi?Ttl, w ? w t R CTt R?c? R S F w ?RI?f w i T O ^ CP?

(A) t?5^-Wft?, ^ R ^ - f H f C^?<H iAV'b R, i t . , 88; ( ) blRt^sCfeff C?R?" Rf^ <)Pl?l(fW-^g (Rt^RC?WTOR!^.
W?-?1?lft, ôfwflT W R l t ^ - R t t ' K f , 'iWS 'ST. t?., i t . , o I ?R?1? ^ I ?1?t? ^ ^ ? ^ î^M-f, W f l W T O
(?F? ^ I t?tus *iH<)iAi ^sRs ^?rf 1TO ^ R T (RR R R I
^M^l^l .8 .il^sR TOT, W ? f t t^WfR t?^'=tt CR ? t 1 RfT 'srf^^t WE}R? ? T O ^ ?R?Tf^%^
Ri?ff R R ^ 5 t ^ tT^ wRiRf ( 1 ^ ?SR?f .sRisj^ ^
.9?^ tr-pti!? ^siTOi^ w^rom (j>-Ulj..e')-''i':f
tie? ? S R ? T SRS? t ?l<lfA^? ^ 1 ? ??'=t ?sRc RfPt^T I
tifg, 'illRI>lRil T i R t ^NWtl aflgR TO I ^ T R %
2iff^ t 5TO?f (isti ?#?t Rist ? f f l ^ *?.Rf(:t tRt ? S R ^
W ? T O T W?-?ltf 'JR- ( jLjai j j \
(B. io(?g i-(?) I .at R5TO (SSlRc W<1?IA1 s|R?S atiR^ I
t?rf5TTl?R RsiTO ?^%r TOff f f W I (t?1 ? 1 % , WR-!,?I^W, <J.
Y I R R A .^R?if>i4(:w? l u e ^ ?TR ?R<iil<^? R 5 T O -^cm
05s8; W o - ^ t ? ! ! ) , ^s#sf, i t . , S S i ) R R TOT-? ? T ^ RsRs^T
TOT *fC?t Castro's Rtai (Jo R l fC?t) ??? I ^ T T O (R)
?5ra î'liîiiiH (w)-'ira ^ ^ jî)H I
iSfRISKt?^? I
t'pnft ^ WRtîRro TOft%T viRs # I 5 P F T ^ TOT'S
?rr?ff? Rro t w t i : ^ ? T ^ ^-^'Q?fR (î
%f W?TOT I RRt ^ ?'TfRf (?rt)-.iRT R?5^ ^?sniT
. i 2fT? .a?5t Rt*f? g ^ RtRTiRR tT?T R?^;^
(T)-'^? ^ rafm c'ffffenflm ( w s - ^ I ? I I ,
i t . , i f t i o t.) I (Museon, iJ^><â ' J . AV8-o) i 2JRlk ^SYT)
t?TRT^ R R ^[iR?5 ftib- wRf^rR?!? R*ci* .a?st^ R ^
R. AO RHR^ W ? T O J t ? ^ - T l ? T O ' ( ^ 1 < - a j _ . l )
TOl?s iRs RsnSJ t>lRc*i) ?sR (W-''T?lf, i t . , *S)RjllW i R ^ R H R ? , Ji> R ^ (J R ^ ? # .il?^ ^ R ^ b-o
?nsn? t ^[cB? RTR f?*tiw srtR? ^ t ?ft?trf i Rft?
Affb-^ 1.) I iH?iAi R ? , ^ sr^tff?s sfTfR R t w R r f ^ srt^
ûiR t i i i ^ tRfttCTsi R t f R I Rsf Âit^ <T(TO ra?f ftRTlRff!: ^ ? C ^ .a^ ^ i 8 R ^ R H R?, i i R ^ ? #
R B T O ^ T R T R ^ C?SR ^ f f Q ^ TOI Rf I ^ ^ W ? R .il?^ ^ R ^ 5o TOf? ^[f%^ t ?@t ^'STO ^ t <tR?llCfe> I
tsTfJR TOR srtfR sfT5J-i|IHV)c? t ? i R R ?tc R?.}^ .a?si^
i^RsjfRTO? R ^ nin TO I f l S ^ R ^ s ?jfnr? R c ^
f^tRlRtPt (R^ 1<?i(?) ?%tCf I ^?lt W R P I R T O ? M Gaderet
fT%(RtTTOUl
?tTOT5rf^-.a[? ?TStT Yadab-.a? ^ t tfRilH^ i ^
TO[?c?? ^ R ? 'p^ f r t l R f t ^ (R^ Hôb-) wRfRRro ?twf
( J - U I V I) ?f ^ ^f&t W ? T O J (c?5R ^{^Sj!:^ ^5tTO ^ ^ d5f5
WR-WRl?t?-"f ( 2 ^ I ) [Rt?tTR5 snRstft?TR StlFSR?!^
t?l?lf^ ?1%T ^lAIC-* ^r??lAl t?IWIW< ?IW#
(Procopius Justinion)] ( ? T ^ <?AH-eê % ) -â? ^t??Tft
'HM'^R'a il?sR ^RIRTORI M l R?I|R1 .9?^ t^m^T?
.^f?tfR^ (Hellesthieaos-.9? RtlR ^5i1%ft ?sm)-.a?
^|5)<1(.151(.tlw? ^1? .SR^ w a w t ? ^ t ?(A?ilCf I ^ <âi f ^ t ^
^#C W ^ m i t ? T % I Rsf'^TTO ^ R1^ Rf ( R T O
RSF R5sn ?RI?f ^sfgRs ?? I anRstff?tR-.iI? ?'Rf
(R 3ggi W R R I R T O TOif? R?s& ^^s}? <|5R^ (tHo
W2R<TOft ?tf5:% 10% ?twtr?5 ?jt <i#?rf ôTTO RT^
% 51^ ?nRt^ s?R TOT? iSRJ ? % ? T R % >l>lfelJlAl(.< RfT
cttftR Esimiphalos (?T >pn??n)-(R! lR?.?tRW ?Rlt?T
W a R t 4R?iffi I c?t R ? ^ ^5(1?? cfiai ôlTO tffRTT î??t%r wren Pl^lffWH [R-R't|R--TO ( . - . I j J U l :>..^)-.a?
^5l?ftR?C^ t?Tfips ?5R?T CR ?1?Tl-.a? f^^5?ffWR \^RM (?T f*tRTRrftT: ^^TORFf'-ia? <Ji '^^nîf RTR1t? st^Cf? ^ t
^3?fRR-'5?'TfTO) R11?s "^RR ^R'TI AI<I|R,^ Rt?T al^t ^R?llc^ I t?l? I4%M1 tC? 11L^'fM3L ||RI>|^?I tyfCTO ?5i%<i?
?sR?|%r I *iW<ilAl? Rpic*f Al^îfA^w <is|'<il!Pi ?5?rf TORtt (?n?S TOt?T RRf W?C? RTR ? # , R R S T ? ? S % T
^ ^ ^ T O t w t R ? R f # [ r f tTR?T(R5n .ait R S ^ ^?Ww? i o 4 ^ [ T O ^ - . i I ? ^ W??t?tW lR^?tRW ?J>tlt?flM 1 .at ^1R?I?I
R ^ ^ W R - ^ - . i l ?f*fe At?lHf I %f .a?^ CR W R I R R T O ^^<'^< Adulis-.a? isfjjRs
?sf5t W i 5 , ^ R i r a ?TOt? '5t?tft A?? '5?'WT R'amt?^? #TOf % [2n:?#f?tR, it., "n-ICF*.^ AO ( B S O ( A )
(R)-.i? RtRf '^|ini g;'^-ff5R I ^H?IAI? T^Ffpm -M S , ) AduU R I R ? R^tRa, }. SA"!* 5.11 9^ Martyrium
W?T??tCR ^TTO ^CH^n* ^ ?sR^ Rt?T 1?l?Tf|5f 11%R Arethae TO^ sJCt "^f*!^ ^^ti^^. 'fSfCR? f i f l ? WaF1f
R O T ^ R (RS?^ W R T O TSRJ W ? ? T T O R ^ ^sfRwtt ?sR3 5*-^?lR-.a? TOI?f? tC? n??T?tC?s ? t ^ W R - W R Rf?l
W??t^ klcp <>Rillf^1, "WR WtTOii? ?5TRT S^VR ?5R^ ?TTO5T ^trro 2tfRR (t5R) Rro? R m t ?SR?t%5i5T I îRiiR
t'lwft R t t c ^
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^H?t?) ^R?l?l
i^R^gR^w RR^ R^jft R ^ ^ s R m ^ I R ^ ^si?iw? RShi R q j P i P r i ^ Ryckmans 1^ dob ?Rt ? ? I 5?H4>

a f W R R CRtm ^5I5[TOfR? a W R ^RÎICfH
^-^f^ WR#f Rstfw ^ I 'StTOt RRlItCfJT, ^-^'STIIR (Muscons, i<(h5 R^trf, A'bi-oil) i ^ RlRRfk
>svSc!.-o8o ^ [ 1 ^ I^ckmans .a^ R r a ^silwiMl ^Riilcf'i .R^
Wt1%%H ^ f i % TOft^ RRlff liRscg t?)|i)lW? ^1? A.F.L. Beestan BSO (A) S, R ^ , i ^ f . , A? WsR, ^ .
W3Fif ^mt? I ^-^'sTOf ^pr?t <?rtf?s <?fRiT ^ [ c ^ i R ? ! : ^ b-Si.-OSi.A-C * I I W I H 1 ^flm R?nTRs ts.'iRft ^ 5 1 ^
RlWt^ l h l ? t 4 l l l ^?^11l<t4 W ? # ? 1 "^fm^
(lRPiô flS%r wsRR wawt !>IIIAII wi^w Glaser-.R ('bib- ^ ) R w R R ^ t r 'srgRs W?TOf
.4l<>^ll^ f i R .SRI ( W ) - C 4 W W ? ? ^ ?RRf R1R
^'-^îffr Rîaprs ^1%R ^sRTtSt fPR f*lRtîfra R R O ? # 5 ^ I t i l W i W ? W T O J RRlfsiRc W ? T O 1 ^-g^TOf ? r i R
^ RmtRR'a It'sm R m f (Upens, Expeditionen ^ f ? C?sR RIRCTS? RICT? R R S *?nsff' R R f ^ R R ? R ( R t t TO ^ I
Arable Centrale, % ioo) i ^2SK (3^1 ^sTHlf, t r o ?5Rf R3? S'toJit Rllw ^5t?IW? I H R ? R R S ' ? M '
"c? Wfrt?! WRHRs it?Ri i" ^ <tR^^4>N tc? wRRfet ^tc '^P^
^ P I R R .^R?tR^ff W ^ T O t w ^ R t ^ ^ (j>j <_ ^ 1 )
^ filRCTt? aJ^Cet? ^ tRÎW ^?t?t
TOST îRRs ?5!SH (g. R R ^ ^ ' S T O - t W%f, ^ f C W iijibA % , %
R^fjT iRs R f ^rsfRf ii<f^ i^R>?if*i<i(:K? Rc 1 ^
iobr 0<f) I R W R R ? brA 'S ^ C S R R RTOTt ? T
? m m ) i ^ w T i . L i j i ^ w<Rit?rTORS ^ ^ s R ( ? R t i R Rn I
s|Rlf*R??, TOfR ijg *i|4Jjl '5*-^'llI?? (jjhL_ j j j j - u i i l )
Tst^ ^--"[^TOf ii*4i?*ji 4RîM I *ii5i?j|^c4 tRgr ?sR?T
^ R W f TOfR Ri3f f i R I ^W^, ^\<m R ^ afT R R I R R
( R U l R W R T O t Rc3it ^-^-QTmR? R?St5H R H ?s%n ? R R ,
wR5i% tR?c^ t r o i ^ ?c< R t ^ f i R I RRfB? (?Rtct
RlîTOlTR? R ^ RR TOt f ^ t ^ 55ft R 1 ^tc
W ? T O 1 ? i)lf^4lC*1OTCR(R5W8 RlR % Rt I ?!mf ^ ^ 1 % Wsra ^t?tflR ^Rrrt i ^ [ R 5 ?? i ^5t?T'^tiR t ^ w ^ R ^ '^t?
?sifel1%5lrR |>lt>5il(:*)5l W t R% CtlRCTTt ^ ?t?llff*1 I ? r t ? TTC'O 55ft ?5?na? TOTO tTCTS I
^îgt ? R f ' ^ T O , W ? T O t t T O T l R ? TOfT ?S3?t?'t?
Rsat 'TC? I ?sRffitR^'W?? ?Pf? twSR-^s'TlPT-.iBr 'jf^'Sf^td? ?tc W R R R T O TOft TOFT% R R R ' R ? ^ ^ ^ 4R?ll(f1 i
Rill I lei R R f cJIcxra <?JRt*f C?s?5r '*itiM^ t??fB ^|fCS? ^*l?lt R^ W ^ - 1 ^ (R)-.il? R ^ ?tc t R W R
^5tf?R5R srRR^ 4>R?itRi ôt?it R:?, t r o cro aJ^Ct? ^?rtTOt C'Hi^llll^ ^5f1 R R R l ^ ' ( W ) R ^ (R
RtTRiîtsT mstni w?Rs mm^ ^ ?sR?it ^T%t% I ^mm 51^ ^RalRWH ^ t>i1l^ 1B^TOt?lt ^=I^R (^1?lft, 5^.,
R ^ srr ^ R R t R r ^ t t?t? ^ t it's?! R R I 2fti 5ft'bSi.-5ft1o; 5. ? l f t g ^ , < ^ lj,ll j i L ^ l j J I , 'J. A5, A ) I
R R l W t l ^ RsRIfft R t W Glaser Rt^ îRIÎw ^Rgt WTsfR t r o ^|tlf<T RC W ( R ) R t W T % ^'irsf R ? T O
tTO WjTOf ^RilUf-f (Gesell, Mitt. tlt?TT ^5T?H tltrot W I T O R RlRl W T O <PR?i1%5R i t?lC ^
Vorderasiat, 1897 %, O'bo-Sb-b-) i t ? t w tiKm TO, 'Ht'St!^ s}?t ^RillRw^ I ^ TOft% RPT (R ^H?l?l
R R t ^ i R i i w v ? R t ? ? i .ira^Rlft^troRwRPiTOrf CIS., R R ^ T O ( R t l afsitt ^ I fitfRC^ WR'^'lRT RfSRs R f W l ^
1^ Rtfew ^2TOTOT TOft ^ttro W?g'*^-f?5(H anrt ^ t ^ i R i ^ 4f?f 'cRailfMH (î?ift, A/b-i; ^^1^ ?iRiR?m, A t . ,
Rsrt^ I W?-TOf l^lR^wlW TO?TO ^ S O T I R ? 8 8 ;TO5^f?1-tRTRT^, % 55o) i
RwRR? "^ff tnik RK*fftR ?s%R^ (An Archaeloglcal W ? T O J R ^ alt^ R R I I R R ' I ^ R R TO%I ^ I ^ R^kRlC^Tt
Mission to Yemen, iSsÂ %, fee) i ^-STO ' W ^ ? S R R (Rtt TO, W ? ? t T O R I 1 H 4 M <fAe-<Mo % * t # R ^ R T I
CR afstW RC? TOtT R R H R t T O T J R ? RTR^^n^
iRbHHl ?!R?n% I TO!i% C > R T ( R Rro? A * W R ? ? C R CR
8/51., i b - ^ - A i s . ) I ^srro R^%j 1 ^ ( R , srtfR R I * i H R 4f?f ?sc? .R^ tC? .SRSSR TOtt Rmc? Ho ? R ?
t?rmi^ tTO ltsf|i*l<I sfCUtt % 5 ^3 ^sTRt^ (Aramaic)-.^? ??Cf ^ WafRTOlR ôttR ?R?lf?%T??'tTO R f t l ^ R R ^ B ? ^
WTO (TORR? R ^ 'W?ft tTO Rt?lWI ^5tR?s\5l ?n^ '5?1^'IRRril ?RStT^ ?? I t ? t ? t ? ^^C^^ ^pR?T W ? T O t
1IC5R SIBRJlt ' ^ ? tTOI
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HV
^H$)IAI ^5nf->lH<JtA ^^ft'Rs ist(!H<> |J1>I51?I 'Z>IRC<I<I ^ssff ( ^ o ^rpspTT ( 5 . ' ^ h ^ K i ) I
Tsn^f-^STR^TT^ (5. I W ^ ) I
t t . ) fitt^Rw ^ c g t fttviic^ I 'raw "sra? tflt ^ A!îilA^ti ^-^srt^rt^ (5. t ? ^ ) I
^STR^ (^_.l) s^ ^sfRW?^srrf? ( 5 . ) sjOTCT? ?1W*ftf,

^\<ti}< ( i l r i '5W?f 8 A o îilRsjl?!) A A o o
a r ^ t i f s ( i ) ^^mn H N ^ , ^sf^g-î ^ ? ^ , i t . , oi^b ( i ^
Wsn ^ I tAm (^rtîtit m i o , o o o i t A t w ? arm
R l ^ = t ) ; (A) ^ " W f Al^lWt^, ? r ^ - t ^14?1W ^ I^RH^ >i4Clt * f l f ^ i|IHAlM?l ^5iy# l^5(t?Al?^*f^R1âtR5rôlAt?t
wt5r-%T#t, Rmfft, i'siff/is.ff'b, S t . , iV'b-AiS'); ( s ) ^rtf^ <>l<1l>l W I lilt afR^Rl'^'^ ^ ?WRI ?tf^ t^t^ iiTO3?f^
I âtPTsRi? i i R # U H l I s i ^ I ?st^<3 < P t ^ t^l(.<P
i<ff (ff) ^-^srrjRTt^'^, ^srtt?m w , V V ( R ^ f R f f ) ; (lb) s^HlUti s f t f k ^ r t w t ^ t ?s?tT nw I wt^r-Atî^ ( i t . ,
ttrR, 5il'iRsilA, A v - s i , i i v (RSL. ^ f ) ; ( 1 ) iiv) imtfsf? Rm ^ t ^R?T<3 *^5rt^ ^ t r ^ o cmsps
^-^RTft, ^ t , i t . , S.'So-ti.Sff ( ^ * f R ^ ) ; ( V ) <^ (?rt?5, "sm^ fkpm ^Hm ^ t 4l3?itw i wt*(R?5 wtÂf? st*tH
^ wt^r-iîw ^ ^ . # = f - ; f r a ^ s R # 5 ; (s.) ?n%i, ^ ^5iR?T%'î^'ytraii "snî c^ftra? ^ 1 ^ ^ I
wt5r-<piw ^ w t ^ r - ^ - t i r a ^sMk, S t . , S M *f., ffs^ *f.; ^HjWj Tsfftra? '5rc*u ^srn;^ ^.^RT-îw^s 'w^s,, 5?>fR^
(io) ^ , s['wt^-i5=(TfR (pm i i N i R o ) ; ( i i ) ^5rt^--!miw JlAl^l ?n^'4lHAl<) RPf* i i R # fit^C?? CT^ ^ fit*fR îZR?
^-tR'^^HAt^, ^ - ^ f t ^ ( i i R l ) , i-bt., (iA) 'rfA^ R ? f ^ I ^m-w^ ^ ^rmCTtn?T sim 'pfelS
^ - A T S R t f t , ^ - t 4 ^ 1 (R?.f*I^s}Tm); ( i ) *t1?^' fl<3?R-t
^ ^ 5 ^ ; ^ - t M T ^ - f t w l A ! I ? T t ? # T O ? W i i R t ^
^Tf%T, fC?t i^-bA % f f ; ( i S ) Jaques I^kmans. L.
Rn5( fip^ ^_cjj;?rfCT 2{f^ ?Tsfm ?w i ÂT
institution monarchique on Arabic meridonale
avant I Islam, 239-245, 320-325; ( i f f ) J.
Ryckmans, Museon, ^hd^s >b>b/<-SA; (i'b)
Cffs^rtCST C5f5f f t t c ? ? iiWR?s ^ ( c a v e s ) R?5^ ^siTc^ i ^ i R ^
Gonzague Ryckmans, Inscriptions sud arabes,
^ f t ^ arm o ciPBIviiJi?] I ?(^R^tj?s ^ t c 5 ttf^
in Museon 66/267-371; ( i n ) Glaser, Zwel
Inschriften, in Mitt, d Vorderasiat Gesell, i V t i i l ?#?n tAt? ^ ^ ^ (terrace) t R ? W ,
(., > b o - 8 V V ; ( i V ) Th. Noldeke, Geschichte der 7|<l^ ^5,1^ ?sgf ^ I TtAC5?( ^ '?R9RfC?> ^ ^ ^ f J M RfSps ^['f'l^
Perser und Araber z. Zeit d. Sassanlden, ^ ' S ^ ^si^Stera -srs i%?i^ <>R?ii(;^ i tAtw? ^)T ^ ^'f?
ib-IS. '^.; ( i ^ ) A. F. L. Beston, Notes on Mureighan
Inscription, in B S O (A) S, 16/2, 389-392; ( A o ) pff^cfTffêf-'^ iAff ^ tfl?^ * t m m ^ ' f l t ^
Lippens, Expedition en Arabic Centrale, Paris I CsrfB? fCt ^STRAI f H t A t ? T b-So R'WlPl'GM
i<ff^ ( A i ) A Jamme, Classification descriptive 3}ft^ i<R Tffêf vg Tffêf.<j^ W I A ? R HlSltJlW?) 'rfA^
generale des inscriptions sud-rabes, f%^RR i ^ s v R ? g ^ I (?iifA^ f W c ? ? w ^ - f j ( f 5 n f k H - t i r a tt\?r fettft
% ; (AA) Ahmed Fakhry, A n Archaeological test iR<5Aw<i w ^ c^^^r i t î<^^ A?n '
Journey to Yemen, t . , ^ t W f itsffA (A)
iAiff/iboo 5m?ra twit "sm^ tAAtft
Conti-Rossini, 'Storia d'Etiopia, 186-195; ( A S )
mif^ ARt? t W *IHAW t f ^ A W ' T O i ?FSit ^SfliTt
Procopius, De bello persico, i t . , î^myi A o ; (Aff)
^ I f g ? ^ ^%#f-Iii>i51?i >iR)ijiW5) i i R # ?tfA^ ?5f%9Ri t t e t % r
srt^ isrfsit ^sW%g5T-f ? ^ , ^ ^ - ^ - i f m ^R5% I
(!5RP5A''=rRlfe C^fîltfe I "flt'^tft^ i A f f o / i b ' S S RJC^T lil^
"5^1^ Al^tgptA (^ siT.t.) / ' ^ J ^ %if?
l l r ^ r a W^n T R T f e ^srft^n? W ( T a m l s i e r ^ t A f Rfsj^
^srmt^ (5. t ? ? i ^ ) I
R ^ 6 ? f f liRsl&aftcsrg ^ t ^RiJic^H) i tAm t ? ^ '^fl?R'-tfra
^5rt^-5Tm^[^ ( : > o j j i j ^ i ) s ^. i i f f o stti *nttl1lai ^-^5^t5f ^siRAT * f t ^ tt^s I ê,t? mm
sjsniR-pf ^ i ; ^ w^c^ ^ p ? ^ ^ îAAi^ RAtTrt ^
^l<ilnl ^l(,-nhci5i (ib-ff 1 '^.) 'TO ^stAt? %<3?rRl& R=# A? I W R I i A b l / i b - l i Rt??r ^ t = t t s T S T R t r f ^ t r s t RT<3 ^tCEf
?T??nR'Sc?5m, i t . , i l i
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IS.
^ t f ^r?ic4 i?tff ?#?rr w??t ^srftrro .a?^ i ^ N M ? r g 5 i i = r a ?5^tR?jT^ TO^j? t ^ s i ^TOt^tR?t^

^Ro ?? I ^S'SR'S ^s^sfo ?lR?n ? s T O W^^f'sm R R TOf
c?5C5 'tR'T ?? .R^ ifeiv Rii?f ^ 1??R T # ^ *tmr^ <|?ffpft ?? I ^Fl^t'S?! <psn1^'e ?ffc?f ?ffc?f ?? I
tR^ I 5AV-{i>/5fe5o-5 RCSR ^J]Rff ^CJI^fD srtR ? r f R TlÊTt-? ?t?RtR^C^, i f . ,
^M^M (j-f-.l) 8 îjgeT-'WRrsf-.a W T O , -aRst^ C f l ^

4ra?iiRi I w m RTlR ^-iiiiiwt) <Rc^ isRsf^ >ii?wj<m91
R?? I ÎH^-f ( ? t ^ V'ij RcRfRBR) TOSFH (?tc Vb-
^5nvTH-^raf 5Afe/[=T 5}i.55 Ttc^t ^rm w R r i t {7ffr, w??t
RCRtRBR ^ ) RÔT I T O ^ t f R TOR ifR?, tt-^tc
tprara >i.=ii?jijiw< *tPHt%^ *)il*i?iicf I
^ f R:?5 ^ft-a?!!?:?? rR (Rftfwtct? Rfff r 5 4 <%ic^
?R?It ^ 'SiF^^^'f I R?? A8/ "bSft RfC^f Rm'-iiR R l R J f ^
WR-TO1W t ? ^ " W f ^ (?f) RR ? ? I / JsSi.'b
.Rv tra >l'^^0,<j 2|R^l^\ol) ?? I R % % M 80(i) / ioAc> Rf!?R ' I T O ^ R ^ t?f ^SfJJRS "^RtlMt (5.) W f t C ? ?
(stspiR 5}i./ifeo Rn?f v r ^ ^ r R 58o-8V>s>AA tor R t 1 W ? T O '^7 îS?-lR5f w^. RmRBR
i f i R ( R RRttR WTO-viR R:?5 # r a T R?irf, ^ Rf?5^
( R l f k R l R i R ? R R t 1 W t R W lt1^CW??t'l^t4w<l TO-WfTO (TOt^-^'iflR 8 Rl?Wf?f1)-v|? g t f ^ R l W ^ t t l ?
Rm:?RPRf TOT^ ^t?t WRc^C^ liR^ 58ft/55A'b TOR ^%^.iRs?|i^^|i^TOl5T^Rl1%I I
af^fit 8 ( i ) Le strange, 221; (A) Schwarz, Iran.,
RHI I 5(?ft/i58 RfTR? ^RTRR Rf'^ 726-8; ( ) Minorsky, Studies in Caucasian
'W?RT-'W%?m (R5^^^>iHJ<)lR^<l '^R ^ W??f-t R t I ^ History, 1952, 165.

V. Minorsky (E.I.2)/>ii. oitP. Wf^ 0?!^
?s?i? Philby ^^TOf 'a -"^^ R a t t ^ WTO C?^ TOPm
ggf-gtRi (Rfn: RTtcR'a m^.RiR^<f r i r w r i t o r ^ ^ - l M ^ l l l (t^j^^VI) 8 ^JFfRl^r t ? ^
RRtt WR?5Cf R ^ ?SC?R I .ai^'SR RP*fR^ ( R f ? s RiRI I ^sfTO R1W R ^ TO
af^fift S ??R?5?^ W % I R f (5.) I R l t I Rt^ bb^/i^bS Rtcsf (Barhebraeus-.a? ^ iA'bA)
H.C. Mueller (E. 1.2)/ 'H. ^m. iR. 'TOJp ?r?TO ^ tl^<M=1 ?5C?5T I RR ^ RlRsj'J'f fr*Mf SftTR ?5C^ I
. 9 t ' S f ^ ^ ? ^ a i ^ ? ? > a ? l t ? H H ^ WR?s<5Rjar^fit^??l 8
îM^t^TTf ( i j j k j ^1) 8 iritRs R f ^
( i ) RiRnî-R-^ a r # R r ff: R w i ?<ff8 (^) vo^Rt^
^*tRWt, Rt^TO ?r3?I 5tt, W^ atro, W5T, (RR R'^t? 'fl
( j U \ n I I ) , ( f ) tRt<RiJt (^1 I I ) 'a ( t ) ^srftrfTOft.
TOT^ff TOt st>o|R^ R t ^ ^ % I . I WR?f'ainRT=m
( o L . ^ V I) I ft? ^'RI?^ WR-TOl<|ft Vb-o/iS '{(t-'H RRo
(Meteorology) v|?sR anfti Rt3I, ^^^H^ ^H>1^C?< mlT
RTan^ R^fR^ *|RR5 I (c^) WR-^Rt#, t?f Porphyry
TH^tRTS ^ Rt'flRm ^^sRHR t T O R?*R % R R t R o ^ ? I t r f I
RR Isagoge-<i)? '5rf%c?tW5f (^. ^?#tR^) I t r o 1?T
^[^F?nt? W ? ? t T O R l T O I R r R i t ? J R ^ (^^tRa ib-lo
aflRTip?^ mlT RtR^-%f WR-?tWft C^. b-8/i81o)-.il?
1??^ ^ W??t'Q?t ^5|Rr (Weather Bureau) TOt RR^
l?jrt tl|ci ^[@ ? ? I t r o ^^HJHJ Rj 'a fRisn:^ wrr 5.
?tcCf I ^^sRHR t r o Aob-4? ^5rf*Rs fitjflvf I <at
Brockelmann.
^sfRsr (RRTf^ ^ (RRRg w R ^^Rm t?ic^ sfRI^
a r ^ i t 8 ( 5 ) Brockelmann. i f . , 4iob-, RRRt i , b-5;
(TSRTR? W ? ? f T O TO^ Rir?5^ 'a R?,tlf TOt (Rf%t (R?
(A) C.F. Seybold. Isl. ^1. i i ^ t. I
(^5(ltOTtTO <(t RSWt (Rtt ^ W W UtCt? 't'^^
C. Brockelmann (E.I.2) ^. <iw. 5W5?t OSH^
R^fn;T TOlfR ^stc % 5 5 i ?t<i;fi:R? %rt fsRs ?? ^ %
W W f ^*(i<M? ^SJR Rt^;^ isf%[ 'si^s^R 'S ^tR? *^5rt?rT (Lu:) 8 ?f 'WR?t, ^(?w ?mc?ftwfft sftft^
îsiTO fitRspRs I *iR>i < # R sjf TO i *RW? 5'a^, fORT, "?tlR%ff Rff) WPlt I Ab- t R aft, tR
(RR? W??t'aTO lf?1'f ^ ^ R T O 5 (Rt^'fsiT ?? Rf ^^^^?nt^Rf?siR?rf *((RWt ?Rt?? I iTOR;?5gri?R
#RT iRis8\ol?i RI?tCTJ W??raTO 5#fR ^^Rs ?? i (RfR ^[RR? <pm ?f ? i T O ?5t^ I c^^m\ ^ R???t^'a rRTO
W??f?t (Weather) 'a ^smtg, (Cllmate)-viR ^ * ( T ttRj ?sR I R i ^ w?c? 'Rt* r i ^ w?f Rfrt R r 1
?f. R , i f . , i i i
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b-5 W?R 'f>lH '*llpipH (?T)
iS^vs "Jaf., V ; ( 8 ) W^-fR%, W R - W T O 5 R - ? # 1 I t , W % W ? ^3 t%R TOi^-?t%R? afRtRt? ^ ^'V^'^sm

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'^l<)ije1-i(lR41^ ^ ? F f 'KIC4 'sj^kH *ll*W<t>^l R ^ W R I R?#f ??R 'sJARfl (R) ' 5 W R atWt 4Rw îsiRR R l ^ (?r)
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W?Ht?=T11^
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t ? ^ W R t ? 1 R t ^ t ? i ^ - ' W R ' (?t)-IIR StR I ??,RHIAR ( T O R RIRt^lRRR ??rR R t R ^ t ^ ??) ?I^^[W<?
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TO I W H - ^ R R t ^ R R T O F Ri?R, 'Rl^^^[pT? ( R ) - I I R tR^TiR? R W R ^ ^ H R lilt (?1l3il^ '^l?t^?i ? T O ^ RS'ICRC? ql^, ^^TlR
1? W ? ; T O ? (?t) W T O t ? ^ R i ^ ^ t r o t i R osRt ^cgj^ I X51?RR? lilt RfR êWl%R I^ f t R TOt W i t R t ( R ? , '^RC<)5l
(RtfRR ' ^ R R t?=T R t ^ ^ ' R I ^ ^FTJRS ^jR RR'STO^TORS LIRS ^^TO=Tf'S ? t f ' W (RR3R (?m?RtTOn-?(RÂRR? ?RTR?RC?S R r o
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t*iii^ R j l c ^
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V8
(?r5fR ^ % O T ? R t g M iÂiJi^chti ? R ^ t ^ A ? , ^ ?Mw? I t t ^ r ^sfjfTR ittT (Sim c ^ - c ^ t % ) - ? ^srf^

C^cTRKj >|V|IM ailRlM I 35tcT ^rt?Rlt^ i f l ^ ? H l l f l ilRit^ Rralfw^ w ^ i
'>4iHI<}til ctla0 <lsticvi4ii<i*iH4 5fm'itcm 2(*rtR^
(Hamitic) mT ?nfim5, '^5rm% arsir? ^5if?R5'5?r ?sc?sr I xos.'si? f%l% liracwf-'sa 'it^ R ^ A^ 'IJ^K cwRîftiTf?
armies, IÔTRS ^^RHTR w t ^ i w ? ^sfmft W 5 i f t ^STAIOT? ^f??i? I *ii<iitii4. " f t f ^ atwct? cwR>iillt'=f
^)J fffe ?5?t ^ ^ I vslAWt 'SfPFT ? M Wlf%
^^mw? '^sim f i t ? i f A < 5 1 ^ '^sn??TO "sfiso iu?f '5|f^ mtit (Orders of the Porte) I t ^ R ^^l?l^ * l l l 4 N ?sra^
1tH W ( I *5lAf RC'g^ *ttfl1??5 ??i*tc]? felt 1^tl? ( T i g r e ) ( i o v o V i ^ ^ * ) I ^SfRtTfA ? R ^STRRfoJ w ^ lil??, >l1*H R ^
1^1Tft ''sttW? c M l U l I M Cmrm C t t l k O T ? W R T ?twt 'S^WlCHi) A J t ? sf1%rtT( atAC't? ^STfAtC^ R ^ ^SHR:
cnrltw!? CM) % ^'rej^sRi ijsr f ^ R f t n ^ ^ i ^ c i ? ^ ft7?H I *4|H^|<|| v8 ^bom^sTtaRef 3FIt (Brusa) ^
^5iftR5^ ?%m:51 '^SM^ cmft^w? ?5tj 'w?f ^ W R , Rs^ ^ ^ - ^ f ^srfwt? ? # C ^ A^ I iovsvo/ivfaAS TO
t F t ^ ' ^ - i i r a N5t^ t t P S l"!'^ ' { t ? ! I H . A . Winkler vgff ^5Hi <3 iin? itft? 1 ^ wtc^ W T ajtn^ Aiiw 1^
*pf-y)|I?l<i| 2lt?R ?>fistcs?t, ^=5C*(J ^SPRÎJ: I M '*t^ tRiPp^s A^ I ^ K I W ?n?t ^ - ^ # ? C ^ <1tC< <Pt?Rl^Tm? RRS^ a?' ^
l<^^<^ f f l Î^Î^CVS 'lHWitl Ct1#?mf '^5(T?fTn7T? C O T f?lfW W R I "STRRtA 'iRCRiW ÎlSpJ aK'=f W R (iR^ t % f R
CW^RlftW? R # t W P atAf ?#?1? *tC^^n<PR -"fpRs R ^
^ t U o R ^ A ^ I i o o V i ' b A H TO ^sitRtR^sR t ? ? ^ *iro*IH
2tf^rc^ ^rm l^m^-'S^ r c t c a t^Rpttfl^ ?a
(Hamltic> ^ l 'ÎKI-^WI cmifejtf C^-ffWTT CwRRlftw AaJt W R I ^tAt? a f T ^ a i ^ t t ^ T i|?OT?R '5RC?T(
(fer'am) 'flW-tAr '^pitF-^'# Î'^-^tw T R ^ P S ?it R t WR, ' ^ ^ f P T S ? W5TF t^'P'l TORf ^ ? I t VB|AIC4 f^fes A?
<pRiilc^ I ai<r"tj i 4 t . S l I ^ u s r o ^ <'îHM ''srt? ^sRpft ^ I (ioOS/i'bAS) I R R f W R C<ll>lR?ll-? '2pRt fttn?P at*(R ^ %
?Rt ^?tC^ ^SfRRHR! ^StRR ^SPMK W R (fR^ (iW
T ^ f R>sty>? "srs f W t ? T ^5Rg=^ tlf%?m 1 ? ^srtWf<f RfIT W R I
^ i ? ^ a \4>lAlM Rllfi?lll f0CFi? "^fsrst C5ft ^ Q o s Rci]l?lc<f> c?t5#?rf-?^"t1'R5R cfpam A?t i ^ll? f%f^
I t c ? ^ I ^t^'^-'iaiHl^nl'?tj"3lm>in f*fatlsK,i5i COT^5lR?st<*f ^stRR mB t ^ l ^^ CWRRlltOT?C^ R<tvsH W R I W I
C ^ R l W t W ? 'rft^ /siM I ^ O r t A P R ?JtttI?>f ^RlTa ^ C?^RSr I R I CitttCT ^lAiR? ^f^'=f ' a ? ^
^RlISf1%5Rw(Wa|^^n5%( I C T O (?R5f |**j?ilt cwiA^t ^MC^ îsr ^l<(liK ?IR|A (<w*tft) M t W f f I CTttR A t c ^
? # c ^ f i ? ^ I 'S^m! mm ?t?im ^ ^n#?r ttai ?mt? Widdin-'i) T S R >iR^ cltûr (Poland)
I T^t Mi.M-H f ? ^ t t C ^ 'SRI ^ f t ^ 4!?<IH ^Sft^Rt^stft/t^RFfl^ C^T^ T i R W R ()>B^^ %) I
Cit2R^tfl? iSRJ ^ I I ^ I ^ W F 1 ^ I ^^tf-iiR ^5It^ Itw W 5 ^ 5 R J ? Rft'* W TOf W R I
fit^tit S (i) H . A MaceMiehael, History of the C ^ ' T O C1Mj|C<!i< Ra^C^ ^ <iRsf& m2F5ffiRbMHl?
Arabs in the Sudan, Cambridge; (A) C . G. bPtwli*i I ^5tAt? 1?^c^ i>i^c<? R ^ iRbiPiî a m m
S e l l g m a n , R a c e s o f A f r i c a , L o n d o n 1930; () G. ^^spsirsR ^ R*llt*ll (M I W f ^KIW W R (AS
W . M u r r a y . S o n s o f I s h m a e l , L o n d o n 1935; ( 8 ) R l ^ , io88/A8 ^m^, i'teSS) I
H.A. Winkler, Agyptische V o l k s k u n d e , Stuttgart ar^t#t S ( i ) Hammer-Purgstall, S t . , ff^Js, <?b-A;
1936 (t*f'Sf^t#). fft., A'b, bro, i s t . ; ( A ) ^SPrst^ ^HC^f-^, JTt^slt^-^*'^,
S . H i ] l e l s o n ( E . I . 2 ) / i i i . liH. i f R . t t A ! B ? Â^TR ^liBt A t . , S V , brA; ( o ) ^'S%n' '5iK?F#, Travels, i t . , i i J s 1.1
(MI*ll^ (S j L . 1 ) s ^5n?tfw? ( A b a z e s ) ^ ^ (5. ( A ) 'srr?!^ A ' T R R , AlW?-^'H-<^ "^^^

'srt^tm) I ^^si# tR>Aiw ^ w t f ^ . ? ^ c^jtc?!? ^ ' R t i , :mAI?T ^j-smwrn"^ "^MM 4t?n Rit^rc?? ^rsiiw? f % i R R
^nf^ a R R ?sin A?f I 1 ? ^ ^^t?lR 1^1?^
(i) -MM^ ittT, %gttt W R ^pn^-^ ffm# fî^R â?^ W R % g t A <Rl^1t W R >fR^ OSJCT (Gcrende) C?l^ (Bulu)-?
^Îtr? LOLBTCIIS f ? vslAlW ? # ?s?T A ^ >^X. Wt? ^rt)<lc*l 1 < J ? ^ Pt^ TFSTSF W R I ^5fAl? R T O ! I I W Catf?^ f t j t ^
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(voivode) R R R I ? ^ w w f ' f f ?sc?i i ^SRM ^^PM 8 ( i ) Hammer-Purgstall, I t . , 8 i , 8 b - ,

w?T^ ^Rcntn ^'?nft ?tc^ ^ K t C 4 T (Seven >5sS, \\r% ( A ) '8?lR"?! W W # , Precis historique de la
towers)-.4 ? # I 1??tft RHltR-t'Mrsf tOT ^ft guerre des Turcs contre les Russes, P.A.
A t w t Rt^ ^[RWs TOR ( i o ^ V i ^ * ^ ) I ^^t?m ((R?tft) Caussinde perceval, A , i , 11., <fS, i o . i i i ,
' Q t f t - ? >lH>StK> R R TO11 ^ < 5?"TOT ^H|ilt? ??iC*I? iSbr, i ^ H I
^^1% a|*(H lRfS5 ^fer R R IHII1 ?'I>IWC îRul CI. Huart, (E.1.2)/ W ? ^ ^ ipRt
t T ^ I t R % ? r a afM>T R R ^tRRT stR tlr^ 'H^X ^TfTRr^TT'r" (jL_u5_>î) 8 t ? n R s ? .a?st^ ^trsiRi
(^>Ja) I 'W??tf RP#) R o t t wgRTc? t ? t
Riw 'j^stRRs ^ (io<w?/i^<rft) I R R WRC8(T-C R1? <ll?i|W ( B l t ^ l CStW) CFT. j L l x u l "W. 6 j j 5 ) - ? .a??.
5}?f W T .iRs RR?rm l i P R i R l R 'Q ^ t f B bWltc (R, "S^tRs' ?'RR ' S R i ? ^ 'IR->iIGI5i t R f %rp3?^ ^ R W t ? t ?
^'STO ^ l ? I W RtltiSiJ ^tc RîR ?5R: ^HSR i affR ^ftg
I RP#) ? M i R ?nRR' (^ RR") ^ÊTOlfS?^.tR I
^jRRTOf iMt ^t?RRs 'PsjR ^ ?nRst l i R ^ T i R t r # R R ?
TOlfB? s m ÎS? W?R ('FR^ W?R [ _^ ll WiRT W?? [ _^ I]
? ^ 1 R ^SITO ^ 1 ? ^ < e f TO11 i o 4 i ^ / i M ' b R ? R 'sm^ 9m R R f ^ W wsf RR^ ^giCT? i n : ^ ? j ? ^ ^tc (Rft
TOs?-.fl? <pRiil Rt^R ^ I ?R?I R R R RitiK ?5?:?R .a?^'W?%^|iRl5lRitR?^1|R5W?R- [IJI] WiRfW?R[j^.l]
^ I (RSR (?M W?? (^ttC^s? ^ W?Rf?R (JStW (RttlR
5}?<f TOi? l i R ^ 3 ^ (Brusa)
t i W i ^ R?fB ? 5 R j ? l R % C^Tf^ îN^lStH *lifS(Jo I R f t ? f 'a?sf& ^ ?R*tt '^C ^ ?R?T RC?T
WapsRl? ^5tR 1 ^5T?ra R^c^ C2fR - g w i R t t t R l w ^1
t5iR5^-iiBf R ^ R ^ < R*f<f^ ^rcai ( i * ?i^'Si-ws'Q?iR, an^tit 8 ( i ) t ? 1 1??|iiRR?, % 1; ( A ) ^ R T O ' WR-tRm
5o^S/i5 R ? m , i)b<Mr), R f RC? ^STTO t R ^ l ^ r o .iR! % R (de Goeje), % Afl-; ( ) ?1^", i f . , So; ( 8 ) ?P
tR ? i I R R wsiRR^fc^m 'fsH^ ^ i w i H i ? s R u 5 <3. 8 8 ; ((Z-) t ? 1 R T R , l / i < , ; (>!s)^1?lf), i f . , A V ! , A f . ,
wcRcsiR ^cwpn w ? w 5 t R wrt ^ r r i vq?t "Rm R a m t w s t i i A ; (1) Th. Noldeke. Gesch. d. Perser d. Araber
z. Zeit d. Sasaniden, 146, ^ A ; (v) M. Streck.
st^R^ s Hammcr-Purgstall, < t t . , 8 b r i , ftôt., Babylonlen n.d. Arab. Geogr.. i f . , i<f, iS 1
<hb, (tHd, ^8; <!a%, <?R.,ftiR . 1 M. Streck (E.1.2) -^JS^ R t ^ t # R ^
() WRRT ^ -MR nRT Rc^R Rt^'WR-'ira ^ ' M ?
(beylerbey) 1 ?lPl?iHtH? ^^SM l R * l l W I R ^ (iibô/ii^bS*) *II4W^^(ajJ5j-.i ?T J . S J - . I ) 8 TiTTO-.a?
^st?tC4 R5R?lt (Crimea)-? tR-â? RîRTRot ?sR: WWR cffB R ? ? I %n? ?t?'f-ii? ^ R "lAînJ TORs [%n?
CWQ?! ? ? I ( R R R (Bender) ^5T?R W 5 R p 5 R n S -SFRRff (^Ft?Rtf M^M, I F R ^ t R s i t C ' R .a?Rs i
cbi^Rij (ehoezim)-.a? TOC?T? ^C^JIRR ?ncf ^sT?R

.a?s ?t?Rtf, M ib-ooo RB ?T ^ ^ U t i R ? R R R ^ . A 8 R M R B R )
^p'Re.iwR 'ja^tiraît R R ^fR sftas 1 CSR^RR .a?i ?Rw Abr T F R R t f Ti?u5] ^ (a?5i^ ? t ^ ^torsj
2tR?m? mR^ sfts ?t?ra 1 ? S f f i ^ ^ t f ' t K R ^ s fRsjtn w?Rl?-'a? r R s ^ I ^st^# 5ivi^*i îfûs TOI^ I '^'Tst's^,
?sRCR R R *fRT?lR ?5ZRR I 'Se.R? ÎAR|i C^ltHlR^l 'J. i A iR??f^ R N ( j J 5 j - i l ?T 6 j . S ^ I ) t?ra
(Moldavia) ? ^ îlR^ (W<3?rT ^ , R f ^^RS'S R R ?j<?f ? i 1 an'jrfsRS TO'^RiRS Rpff TO 1 88>s/io(J-i R t W ^ ^ R r ( R t
? n R - . a ? ^ (i W t ^ , i i H o ) R R c>i'fi<|l?î T i R e f t T < twiTO'?l?lt?1? ? t ? I t ? t ? f W ? R ^ R ? ? ?5Tflt ??E*R
t%lRTO ^ RfertRRR i/fffoR t?tm?? t? R R wf? i f - N l i l l f R C * -^âjlt RÎR? R^llffCÎH ( t ? ^ - W f t ? , S>f.,
t R t t ? t ? R I R R R R ^ ^ (Sillstria)-R R^^R R ^ b - 8 ) I ^ t t ? R ^^S?lR?stRtt W R ? s R f f ? R l|*4R<^-**Ct R ? ?
AtaiRwH I R f ' t w R^R?? ^ sfifg ^ 8 f 5 ^ i t ? i C^^SM ^ "tHH 4R?lRc*1H I b-R/i8R tvt-l-^? ^(6^RHD^^T? tR?R>l
^5TO >a?i t^>lc^'^R1 (Kustendil)-^ RîRs ? R T ? R ? ? R W ? R f ? - . 4 R ^ t g f *tT'<3?T ?t? I W?1?^-.a? ?^ R?.fT?s
^ I ?tR?T QhPi?! Rsm's Tyn%r-R?R-.fR fiRw? RSRT 'R??lfi:l?RC*!! '#t?RR 8 8 b r / i o ( N } RRR l ^ l i R (^tRR-tfl?)
R R (R ?5R*RIFP^ 'St?)? RCTF lt?lT Îl5|?l|%e1|, ^KRii^C^ '^RCTt*(f& srtfRssf I R R R i ? R ^)RRsra wws?n?-.a?
Rt^ntc ^5rft?sm .a?^ (sinope)-^ mt?^ 8Sr/ioR R^s?RS? C R R R T ? ^îPt^t^til ^ R f ? R 5 C S R T t R
?st3H I 5ibr<t/i W RlR^5l?RR?C^?Rt?? I R l R R R . . a ? ? S R ? ? I ' 1 ^ - ? - R 1 R t ? 1 - . a ? ?sRo 'sjRr)?15
t'IRtft RSl?5R
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Vb
H i W i ^ i b - 'tti^ srrst^^-^^ ^ i R - ^ T ôfspr-^'^stl^ ^ ? t ? ^

Â"WT ??.rn^^ 'SIW^ ^'Stiiptpi^ ^5^'^^ RRfs (^RT
^sRf^) I
rxf# s ( i ) Le strange. 284, 294, 297; ( A ) P.
Schwarz, Iran, 1, 17; (o) A. Godard; i n ' S f f ^ - t ^ H , ^rnirs->ii? T?M?5 ^ R 5 - t R mm (^5. i-ôs 'î.) ÎAB
iSo>b %, SH-HA; ( 8 ) R t A ^ History of the ^'s^glwT? ^sfRiR liit aft*(ic^ R ^ 'sni^ I t^rat wiw?n? ? M
Muzaffarids. in GMS, xiv. Index in xiv/2; (ff) p R ' f l ^ , Ct?5ft iil^WW-iiRT t H ? f ? R ^ ^t^ ^jvo|3j[b4
^rfini <(>RcH I iiAf '3=Ri?s 'siR'^^tt ? " R 3 ii<iiI5iic<p
V . Minorsky, (E.I.2)/ ^tlAlf?!^ ^sflA^lW 'ri'fel ?sfk^ fira^T R i t I (F^ RltT?! CTfft?
^*(J fw^- tR^, ^^WsRf 0srf5 ( ( R f ) - ^ A ? , ^sflRR
*lMl^t"=t (Avars) 8 [^m, ^sTRtft, ^ *lHWlR
(avarali) ^tc^ ItAt? ^ < ' ^ W , "?1?R5rtlR5
iHAH ^srmm t m a Ms,m ^ ?5\^ snRrar T?r, R^
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w?wf
*ji<MîPi) I i'jsR *fr^ ?tc w^-nsfpfhi -'Mf^k TOmct s r ^ t # t 8 ( i ) Kozubskiy, Pamyatfiaya knizka
cTOpsim (c5RRtfl:% mt) ^stc t ^ R >iiR(j4 Daghestanskoy oblasti, CR?-TO-'^ ibJsft (A)
^ ??I r i l R R ^ o t ^ fTFTERF WTO W?ft <ffTOtT aj^t ^ (?ft^, Sbornik Materyalov dlya opisaniya
(t?n: * l l t M W i - ' ^ ^ C ^ % *FIF^ FIWC*T? ^ W^?,"!! TO^ mestnostey i piemen kavkaza, Tiflis iJsoS., S o t ;
.a??; wsfm Riw *iR>f?v.) '!pTO?ra RR? () P. K. Uslar, Avarskiy Yazik. in Ethnografiya
(i 1 8 ^ ?i'f^ ?5C?11 ^f'TpsR-? ^ "WT t ? ^ Kavkaza. V. Tiflis 1892; ( 8 ) Z. A. Bikol'skaya.
^RT (^. i l o b ) '$[?TC^-? R1??-.il? RSRC? W T O R 1 % J ? Avarsti, in Narodi Daghestana. im\ iJsftft (a) ^
^ '55? I ^ M F F t ? ^ 'SRt W ? F K R c t i .a?l Rf?? ^^l%TT ? T i?FL^, Istoriceskie predposilki natsional'noy
f^TO^r^ W T O T T O ^ 5 I 5 T O ^ C ? 1 1 i<*f *ll^'Si fifl?J3 lilt M konsolidatsii avarrsev, in Sovetskaya
w^?,tj ^TF^TJFF^ T f R s m R R ^ ^ I W5gi? Etnografiya, R^ i , 'sn:^ i 5 f t %; (b) A.G.
R1R3? ?j^-RtR5i ^-^Rs! TOt ??r I Peredel'skiy Avarskiy okrug, in Kavkaz, R^ ^jj-l,
^ T O (RIWT-? ? s R TO"?W ( i b 1 - i 5 9 i 5 9 ) t?f? (TO 2ffRR I i59o8 ^. ( 1 ) Kh. M. Khashaev, Kodeks Ummu
.at iiRvsj 5|^(?r5j w?ft ITO .a??, fc? W T O ITO fwi*T W 5 Khana avarskogo, ii^Sb ( b ) Nazarevic.
w I is.Ao tt^T5f ?tTOrt? ^ b ? ? # .a?5 R?^tf Avarskaya literatura 1 Gamzat Tsadasa
W?ft ? t T O T T (^G;^ W S F M 'SRF^R) T?^ ^ ??, WSGF? Makhac-Kala iS.8l (S)) Bokarev, Kratkie
iJsAbr W F I S ^ ?*FTOFT .A?L R ^ C R ? iJsiSb- 'fstw ? ^ Svedeniya o yazikakh Daghestana, Makhac-
?'l5nTOa|65T5T?? I kala, 1949 ( i o ) Meshcaninov Serducenko,
is.(?i ^ . w r o n t R^trm wtf?i^T??i? R ? ^ ? , (CSRFB ^ R ^ Yaziki Severnogo Kavaza i Daghestana,
^FR?.U1? 5R(J ^ ^ ) W 5 P 3 R T G R O I ÂT?fOT? i;8S) ( i i ) A. Bennigsen H. Carrere d'Enca
>tlR,'*J ?FL?1tf I i J s f t o '^^tCT? ( R R I T ( ? ^ F ? ^ ?|I|*LL^ 3fITOrT usse, Une repubUque sovLetique musulmane, le
( i b r 1 - i S . f t i ^ . ) STO W S M fJlf%TO } F % F ^ I W WTO Daghestan, Apercu demographique, in R.E.I.
I T O .a?5i5 f r t i r o r ^SL ?^ R w w i TOT ( W t ^ 5 t t ? T ?f??T^ I iSxJft %
.at RiJiTOR^r? (t^ cjsf^ t ^ wiR ^ T R O .ii?^ ^ w ? H. Carrere d'Encausse A. Bennigsen
(J5l%3l^rc ? ^ 1 T O R ^ TO W ? ? I (E.1.2) y-^. .siKijq -sn^
R L F ^ - W T O 1 ? t W ? f S | f f . L CC?# ^ W ^ Iff.]
[5.] 'PSTTO?? MlC4?il ?r?TO ^ I t ? T O T ? C?SH RR I?T ^
?PSFntr R R T ^ (G.)-*A? gnfRR TO I ^ P # R cTOfRiTTCI?
.a?^ t r o t W T O TsnrHR? T F ? 1^Rm ? % C ^ 1 .at i?!
SRSPSPNRA TOf^ F F L ? ^ ^sf 'csR?? R ? ? ' I .A?5 w R??Rc4
^ ^#1^:1^?TOTRJR f RlfJ^ (?n^ Rtt? ÎTOKt ?T?TO
t?i'T-ni?? ?T t ? R R ? R ^ ' R T W R R T R S ^ ^ I TOI# ^ p t ?
^ I trot W T O [ T O f ^ R L ^ (5.)I RS^f?slTOf^ I ? ^ 1?t
^ t ? t r o t | ? 5 T O l ^ Apr. Aprs ^ t ? l Aprss. W R ? s
TORT mf^T^siw? spTOfR^ TTOn:t 2r#i 1 W T O ? T ? w n R ?
s j R R f ^ l R R R f l ^ f f t W ? ^ ^ ' W ? ? T O F T ^ R ? ? R 5 I ? ^ t ? ^?R
WTOtC'T? ^*)J HI^RW ?J?TO (RTt t t t O s T f TFRL W ? l f ^
t t C OITT TO (ftS/'Jsl^-S t t C '5ji/'5jbb--i * t W ) I ^TOmW?
^TO R ' R ?^%T it(.T?, I
t r o ' w ? f t TO R S . ^ v3.!3?<MM? R??rom ^ t ? ( R I ^
W ? l R ^ 5 T # T ^ S R R ? .a^ ^ # 5 ^ fjum ^t3iR TOR I
t t ^ ? ! TO I ^ T O I J T t=R f ? T O ( t ? 1 Wft W f R ) ^TOT? ^
WTOnt ?TTO? (3r% I TOR TOR?5?^fm?
*^?i?gwi? R H N 'w?gTO t ? ^ tTf?^-.II? TO w?T?nt??-.A?
^551? ^ t ? ^?R f i R I t ? ? ^ mm t t ^ R R R ? R^S^ ^ s , i ? T
Rir W ? W W ? # ? R f I ^ T O ^R^fJ ? % R f ?TC (TOT
%FFTL?-'A? iRsiRs *t?JLFÎ I
m, tTf%m, ^ o l T O ^ I ? ^ ffs TO^ [c?LRT5i froiR-?
s r ^ f i l t 8 ( i ) Le Strange, 383; ( A ) J. Marquart,
W ^ blUvbl? TOf^, T C t ? g?JfR, ?nck f % ? 5 ^ ( ^ A ^ J F S J Eransahr, Berlin 1901 (Abh. G.W. Gott, N.S.
?TTOn-? w ^ ) C R R f^fro TO^ ( R T T ? m , ctiwii iii/ii), 66. 68. 74; ( ) J. Markwart, A Catalogue
^îft?-? W ^ ] I (7i*rt^ R?inH i<'Js 'fSlCT W ? ^5tC^ .ilf5T of the Provincial Capitals of Eranshahr. Rome
^ STFSLF^ ^ ?R,?H^ I 1931 (Analecta orientalia, iii), 52-3; ( 8 ) J .
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Contents
Walker, A Catalogue of the Arab-Sassanlan (?t)-.il? RlRtr^f l t R!?R] îR ?it?t ^?WW? C?sR W?t
Coins, London 1941, P. ci-cii, cvi, 36. 72, 74, RTCRf ^tIR: biRWH I IR1lbHl?l RtJT Rf? ? T ^ 3 ^ ( R )
87-8; i<t) E. Herzfeld, in transactions of the Rg^ <!îRR .iR^^SlTO R?s ^^C ^ f R ? l t W H I t?t? 1? 'SK
Intern. Congress of Numismatists, 1936, 423, ^ U R t ?? ( W l R - ^ T T O 'W^W'T-TORnft, Wî?t<fT-^,
426. 'J. A*A)l
J. Walker (E.l.^)/ ^ÂNh "tlTO^R'T f R afR tR ?sf??t ^ afl?^ ?Rt ^ t ? t r f 8 ^ R W R
.ilt R B T O
Rti:? ^ f ws}:? Rl^^W? (R)-.ii? R # ^ ?iR
TOR C T O s m I C1|v4>W?lI^ ^pwR/?tR (Trtfi, 55; ^lR ( R ) ^5|TO afR itWtWt^^^CSRRt 1
ttt Îstl?? R?sS l^-H^?! ^ R Rt I
>piSfR istc Ri?ra tf; i s i , A8 ? t ? R N ) .iPfW? w r r a t ^
tRg ^?W^ .il?5f& ^ R ^ f l T O i ^ af^, t?R-^RCiRRt^
wt35i ? R r i t "^sn R? 's^'tR ^ 1 % cTOTO TOR
?1t?Rf, 'sirg^ ttt ?s?|3?p I
(tWt (RCT^R-ii!??) I W T - t R ^ f f t , Ai8 ( t ? ^ ? W H ,
R I ^ T5iR \4|^^8vS8 I w i t ? RlRtU a i ^ ^^C ^ R s % t
A1)-'a?r IC W?1T|R ^25?3^ J>l1*1?JH C*ttla|?I I C<PR ' O T
HHhlW t?t? Rf*R ?5I3R ^5l?c*tIR ^ C<R, tR WTO
<MH?jH(;t> TOR ^Hlî-fs ^ I
135)3^ -^pffRs 4RmH, Wf5 ( R WW?^ WW*t 'ttt^
^ C 5 l f ^ U R T S Rg^tRm (?'rR) Ewxayaa R S T O
K R U ITOC'^ 5 I T O frCR]? 2tR R ^ ?!Rr ^|RC5 i t R r ,
Wapt^ ,t?ilc?, I [A<fo-1o/Vi>8-br8 A<l/<o<9 Rtc^ra stttg (3SR *llsll?t ? ^ TOf W fPiJR'iT ?SC?R I
(5.) tR*FP#TO, ^ 5 l f t f - t ^"WlRÎ^H, 3ftt. .a R?iln^? filc^jw Rt'Stt* it?t ?]^ ftRsc? I (Rt R'f R^
t^m (A'b^ E.G. Browne's Translation, 199). ^. ?s?f^tRW? ^ f ^ R W^RRTSfR ^ C ? ifl?^ H|.RWilCH<l ^ ' Q ^ t
TOf*^, Af., i b ; NSoo/iJA] I 'biVi^ô Rlcsr CTOwm P t f
"^^m f p c R t R m t ? '^MiSi^H WTOffi?R %f .iit ^ T O stm ? R ? ^ wm 'Rt^ti? srit?RR
warn 4t?ef TOiT ( W R - ^ ' G T O I ^ , A f . , i i f t 5.) liR's (TitfRR WR-^-?W^ ^ W l t ^ iRaj ?t^ (?slRr^ ||t!|?t t?f
^sRl? R?5& Rt1?R <iiR?icH I ?st?f .at ?scsi?sf& ^5i|?n^
tR*M1 ?siR^ I t ? ^ - W f l ? t , i A f . , A8A l^>ilW ' W W ^ ^
(TltftW f t R (RR .il^sl^ R f R ?s?R^ I >IMI>I<y-.il? ll>[=l?il? ( R ) - ( R S R ? ^ W ?t?IIC^ I R ^ ? 1 ^ ^ ^ ( R )
f RR? ?iRi?s R?s ?!tc w ? w m I t R ^ ^ cfit cfit ^ f i ? RcsfiRs 9m ?5dt? 'st?!? R ? T O ^Rc^h u
Rfj*!! .il?^ % R 1 r 1 } ? T O 'l^f '5tc t f l ^ R"1lPl1-^-?W5T, NSf., 'bJft) I Wit?? ^ ^ ' ' t ? l t RRt^
TOt1?^ I (8t98i'S), <^ i'i5il(. t ? l ? aprt*f '1t"S?T TO I
a r ? R ^ 8 ( i ) B. Dom. Caspia, Uber die Einfalle <3F#tf RW . i ^ ^ Rt R ( R t R?c? ^ÎTO isRj g.
der alten Russen in Tabrlstan. 1875. See Index; W5I-?1?-?=R-^'V, b-f., 8ii<?R. ? i ^ - R t ^ - , NSbf., NSS.; . i l t
(2) Barthold. Istoriya Orosheniya Turkestana, ^?t? (R 'r^SR *lt[? ^nf-W??5l^ W C f it?R iSfRf 5 . t ? ^ -
1914, 33. 'W?lf, W ? R s i ^ - f RW^t % ibisNS t . I
V. Minorsky (E.1.2)/RITO^^5It??R ? 1 ^ ^ ^ (R) ^ T S R p R Wrf, .ilt ^ (R ? j R RRfS?!
^ (R ^,ff[ fros ?tRs[cf t%?mc? ii?ihiw îR ^ c ?
(WR-?!tRTOP, 8f., lO'b) I
8A W?1 R # n 5 , 'SIW R t f ? R ^ I <^ ^?t? ?J?? StR R R a f ^ t f t 8 ( i ) t^n^ ?1Rr, ^[?Rtttt^-^-?WST, 'W?tRt' --RR?
'W?lRf î^TO ll<<Mt AA^lIC^ I 'W?tRf RCR? "Si ^sR 'sr^; (?) WR-^g;?'^, WR-t?5'R, ?t?IRt ifeCi (NS)
I sylfiSw W R - R i f f t , W R - R t ^ ^^?t^-'WRr RIW^G W?-?t^fRlft, W5r-?Wr'F, 4RMI i58^ 8f.; (8) W ^
?1?JR WR-t1?5Tt*t, W R - T O R ' R - ^ " ^ ' , W?-f?TO, ^ R.; ( e )
lRsRf ?|5jisi|? (^) ' ^ ^ ^ R1??t, W ^ Wt?5T, ^TOt t ? ^ W!p-?-TTO "W^ W ^ - T O R t # , W R ? t 5 R - ^ , ^^t?rat iis^bb
ftRl?s, W51-'Q?I%T t ? ^ - ^ ^ ^ 2ra,f ^ R ? f?1?R (R1OT? (>!s) W R - W ^ , ?i^-R-'sll'l|^, ? s t ^ T5t. R; (H) t ? ^ - ' W ? l f ,
RC5f lt[? WCTORf ^RC^RCSR I . i T O R T O 'ÎHiisIl? t ? ^ ^ ^?n^-^-?W^, ?stTR?f i i s f t b ( b ) RtRpi ^ " S - ? , ^
R t ^ ^ (?T) RTSRP .il^ ^ Rt?lft {?tTO TO *W?1W^ t ? ^ ?t??" R"iitt*i f RW^, ???r iNSfes. R , b ^ w t I
?t "Wil? t ? ^ ? S ' R R W R - f ?t^, R R ^^-^"Rft^ f t ^ ( R t ? l ^ (RR'it^ TO .a R .iPf V^WA^f^R
t'iRlft RSC?sR
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s r ^ ^ o ' ^ '>a.(^-^ I m^ m^ m wm<i i t ^ s i m?5rt?;5imA cispn I $ f f ^ ?r#siM? " B i ^ 'oi<if^vo I w s m R lat

CSim 'illSbltvisKtt ^ ' W J A t W ^ I CStnr i-b Vff|5f
?ifr5n3 ;?T?r5*nfR5 gwiijjR stwiwa? ^m^^ \ ^Fpn ( g . )
tôJtfelA ( ^ R R 'snxsT^ >'CR=1>[') WiTR
C ^ o R R t R I wtRw W l # t H HHWA OSFff 4p|<MMi| -sriTratRm
l i l ^ afTft^mtR JnRtWT? Rraro t ^ T O R ? f f ^ ? ^ f??i
^srra^rr^ (wr*m^) \m lat ^^^^^ ^ <m<^vt<i

R A R ) tf@Ri)iR?,'fi?f fÂr^ 1 ra?f ?5icsi tR9j? (AJ'svsi, ippst
^ ^ p R C f R (RC*!? % T I Charax-iii? Isidore, t'S
?t??Tt) tf^fenflf^, w r s F istc t % % t R ^ W F I W^-^
io-c ('fSt? 2it?i@? fe^) lilt *t5p? ^ t ?1t?nc51
t l w H ( R t A K w m ,(fw^ c?siwrt%5 ?T?^R5 ftsfiTR cmtiim
. R i R t f l w ? "mm (yp^ ^ ^ ^ê^^ % T I t?^
?#5fT 151^ W ^ I ibS>S> v(. ^^TRt ^ ^ ^"fflt t?oiHi*iRA Cj. OS.) imKm ^ R?.?%o ^Qîc^-i,'Rt?ft^-?n^
>i<!<Mwi,=iôi^ W!R?ra i^foAiRi'*, fP'iTjA (B.hmlya) i ^TWlft îs? -SHARI, STRRH ( ^ ^ ? n w r g
(MWo -Q >[55m=ra iTtR^ fen iiHwcA Gsffit W F I ^ f e r >i|<lfîo tl'STlRH CSffTR ) ^TtCSR ^îft 3ffRp i
^ 5 ^ 5 ] ^ . R f t ^ lilt ^ttR^ w ^ I 'itAt? ^51^ i#jgof
m'^r?^ -sitiiw '^wijsiK t ? ^ ^ T f t s ^5nft ^Tn^^.ttc'a ^
^<m R?,?^=t ^lifiit^w ?!?=Tra enft^ ^ P I R R ^tf^RsjA
^ F O T t i f t w <^<i\\^ fMM-A ^ R f a M t 4'Q^l(^C'=1'H I
-^m ttc' iit?)TC^ j ^sTAl? # o ttm (g.)-iii? ?Tt<w AH:? ( R ^ I W R I ? 'iwt
'ra^ tm RKA^'îiR snrR w ^ (is>iH'(.) i ^ ti^TO. 'sifiwc^ wn^T (^. spri^w t ^ " F i # ? R m H ,
^^m ^\^>\\LiiM _<Wvs R ? j ^ r a M.fe?R^!v53ôw wtAR % i-Aoo) I i??W ^^TTR 'sfs'Rii? rsrrf^tt
^twlw "Memoirs of Gour and Pandua"

i'A'*f-i8'f *fT#tbe Witt ?n?^ (Rm <T?wi; 'sm^
'Si^ vol3R^ t?,T:?i# st^ jm W ^ (iJ9iA %) I ^TAI? î^t
siisilM ^'f A ? iWW^) I '^'^ '^rmpr-ia?' 'isiiviw iTw
ar^tFrt liltb. t . C ^ l ^ '^\'''Vm\ <3 ^5!?^H ?5?^'
I5t<fl51tw iS>iao swfr.A?l I tATC' sn^'II t f ^ A P T fir?? ?1%? fl^T I R i f e ^5TAR
4t^5,Ra| l i l t t R 4itC'*t 5t?n%l I ( R t RSHR ^RR ( A l f l
'a*,-^ R f w i^RiAiPi* t^n^^îîA? R??t
AtîcA I tAt ^snRi ^ t t w ? la^slt #rf^. 1 R f ? R ) R^tw ^ 's^RTO^fftffe %5n^ ^ftm R W M I ^
#f?po?sn?i 2 W R f (?!%t ttc, ftr?fT ^ I a j - ^ ? "ci^ ^ (vtHôiAi-R ' s n ^ -f? ' i R A T ^ - t ^ ^5nfir, g. ^ t - t
Q 'nf?fi? ^^tf" ?T?5n Î'^-îw tR^nRr^ -JFT^TSS^R 'Tt^f, i i S A ttwtt? ^ f l t [ liR^t W i f . ^ I R W ? (?) ' o t ^
^mpnjis? ^ t w 8 i#-^t5f5n, ^^mi-R ^TM^TTRI, m^tm
mm f|!?H I ^tlAR ifSvo 'iiHjHJ af^ ist^ g ( i ) Prayer (?) t'snftl I H I R M ? f%M*mR ^ M p o ( g . ) - ^ ^
Book for Muslims; (A) - s ^ P ^ - t ft=i ipra^ ibbff cst^TR 5n:*iT Rsf&t t R ?#?n%?R i
(o) i i < t (iSioff v(.); ( 8 ) ^-IRm ^ t R l ^ f 5 % s ?5RRR ^ ,^ ^STHR wrR5 ^si^^ll^
ffNs W ( ^ ) l ? R o (ihob v(.); (ff) ^lAlH^'llVI, igC^lviR '5lf*l<ll^?l>lA ?TCWI? ^51 I t^PTRR
(iS)0'b ''I.); (lb) ?f^^ mm ftÔTt WFT 2ntf^ f H l ? fen-Tst t^NlRt 'snfR^- -jfc^t x5it\oR:<p_ ^rf^gtt aRtfAo ^ ' Q R R
^WR ^n^^t f f t . ^ ^ T O R ^ A t ^ 1(^=1 I tATC^ fel
arîit 8 ( i ) ^Hni A t f % i ^ . , ^ t s M t t W : ^ , in^n is>nA 'SISPiR?. iSt1C1t>W R|5t 'i|fi>l|Ro A? I
i t : , 'J. M i - H A ; (A) bRMiiR)SiR, ?t??n.ia4!c*b^, T>m iS)S>n
'J. "bff; (o) ^^t^ i4(lA*IW RS,4Pt\o, m?=Tt af^fft, ^ - ? # W T (RîfGlR CSR ^lA'*!?) (4.1A4JA) SIR ff iPsw
AtWR ?'ftW lilRW ^<l(\ô I (R#?l ftFRffi 5tb\s.R
C5ir8 t w o t m f ii)at <bG f ? <3 if?^ Hop 'f?, I ^snft 'STTtW? ^ ^ - ^ 2fR A
Rlt^ ^ R R R t K ^ T R ^ cff5 tlAiw.?ft?m::^ iiRv t A R ^ sm
^srtt^ (g. ' s f t H )
8ff CPn ^ ( C ^ t ) - f ? f ^ cm tt?TH *IA!:?R .^5i?r?,R
^srrf^ (g. R P i t ) %111511? ii|?# "S^P^'Jff iSt^ f A F T ^^tAÎAt îR^s^'f, W
w r f % 0 r t ^ (g.'siH-mpi) . ( ( ^ 5 ^ ) HbS/iObA R H R 5F8fF^=t <t>Rlll%=1-^ (iStlpR
t.f?.ViA
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w<iiHW sf^^tRs ??t I Rsf w^-TOf ?fS 4f?T t?ir

f W T O I <M?<M?I^ i8 -SR^ TfRct ftf WTO-.a? ?TOCT? f W K t R % R R 5 ?t?IIC^ I W l ^ t f TO ?5^^< ^\04>SR
?%lrf I R t f e ft?T i^t^ ^ l f W f ? % f r a iSRj RRtRs ?5f%t 8 ^ ? 5 1 ^ ' W p t - W f T O ^ w^-^^,
^ ^ R 4 R l l f | i ? R I ^Ml4 (75R ^C i i silt^ ^ t - ' ^ i?1lAV!so-i Si?#t ??I I
TOl?i R?C?? s^lTOTW TORS (airTO^t 't^tfk ^5it=?4 af^t#t 8 ( i ) i t . , i i i ; (?) (?It4, t ? T O , list.,
R t < ^ ^g^w? TOitc?? TOf^TO? t r o TOi4?t ??) I *t?^f5r? 8?-ftb-; ( ) ^5?^, STTOst, 8t., îi?; (8) <[TOt, i^b;
4f%tn firf w?^HTft ( w P T O ^ ) ( T O T ^ - . a ? 'îtPtt^lw (ft) tlfil4H, ^8^; i'b) W ^ Rm, ' ^ t ^ l T O , I t . , l r o ;
W 4 R?!?? TOt ^ t TOt ^^RTCf) .a??. 4ft? .irsiRR (1) t?^-^"af, 5^:^rsf"t^, Sit., i l ' b - l ; (b-) R-^P^"^,
2flttFo?lPi4-^ct? (^.R. Pumpelly, Explorations in W t T O F f - ^ " M ^ T R T O t - ' W ? t , MS Paris., 10v-12r.;
Turkestan, Washington 1905, excavations at (S.) Brockelmann, I, 253, S 1, 447; ( i o ) A Critical
Anau) I study of the poet and his work by All Al-Tahir,
sr^fiit 8 ( i ) Tomaschek, Zur hist. Topographic La Poesie arabe sous les Seldjoukldes (sorbonne
von persien.i, in SBAk Wien, vol. cii; (?) M^^. thesis, 1953); ( i i ) m . ' r t . t . , i t . i
In Pauly-Wissowa, -Apauarktie and Dara; { ) E. C. Brockelmann [ Ch. Pellat] (E.1.2) /
Quatremere, Hist, des Mongols de la Prese, i t . , '^.'^. C?l^lt'l
i b - ? , f R t 8 b - ; (8) Th. Noldeke, ZDMG, xxxiii, 147,;
(ft) J. Marquart, ^, xlix, 628, xlviii, 403, 407; [B]
t'TTOr-'j? ^ t W T O cfRara 'î^^ w?? ^R i Î?|<)
A. W.Komarow, Peterm. Mitt, 1889, vii, 158-63
^^nr^^siSlt^t^tTO^l .bis ^^1^<1 fiftsiT? I?I? '^<)'I4I1 I
(1) Barthold, Istoriko-Geogr, ocerk Irana, St.
Rtîrit wr^, f%R ftm-? ^ i R it? W R - ^ ^ ? WF^ 9 ^
Petersburg 1903, 60-2, 70; (ir) (?lt<P, Turkestan,
?t?llt^WH I T?t 3 ^ T?t? ^ TORir?? {%
(<) 1^ (Rt^, K. istorii orosheniya turkestana,
AASY^SM ?t?iRi i tR?tR, Ri(?ôiij=i4 4 i t l f -a ' w f w ?
St. Petersburg 1914, 41-3; ( i o ) Le Strange, 394;
^'a?ITW ^Rft 4 R T TOI R S I R t ' l ^ ^ - ^ ^ t l R - . a ? ^^ftt^
( i i ) A. A. Somenow and others, Drevnosti A
biverdskago rayona ('the antiqities of the
wfw? ^-2iRwtRr ^ TO, lilt
region of Abiward'), in acta Universitatis Asiae
RSTTOR^ f W R I 1?ICH^ 4RT-'Pi fto -a ftfto-.i)? ^(voT
Mediae, ser, ii, Orientalia, Ease 3, 1*fr^ iii>i ^. Rt.'SfRa ?5,?tlf^=1 ?t%?n stR: l TOFt (Ch. Lyall)
(i<?lr ^.-'^ ' S I R T O ) I ^ 4cg5f, W ^ . ftoo W T O Ctlai TOttW? wRfc]?

V . Minorsky (E.I.2)/ii.iit5...il5t. -^sfsRl c ? t ^ R^c^ Rrjt? 4ca .a?^ ti<fS=i-?t?iR_-.ira R o i TOrt ^ ' T O W
?if 4r? I . a ^ ^ t ^ t t 4R^c?i? ^(T R 3 F ^ -a 2iR^Rji
i Q i R ?? I
l[?:tTO W ? R R . a W T ^TO? R T O ^ .a??, W^TOff
' W % T - . i R 4T?35ti:^ [Lyall 4 4 ' W R ? t?=J-:^'^fm^-.il?
t?57 w f ^^^PTO-ii)? ??.-C*tP| (?sRt ^"WR'TO ^TO^t ^ T O T l
??,%f) I R R wft-aTOf ( ' P T O ) - . a ?f >i[^4^0lW Wft-QTO!??? ^ ^ T R j s r ^ R ' R i f w -a W 3 R 5 (Rttc^ i i i o '5.), GMS x x i l
>l 1^413^ ^NS^ iTC?) artw ^^=52t?t ^C?5!t ^stH-G R ^ TO 'jtR 41^111 <3 W?<3 ii1& ts 4f?T ?f?TO^ I f "aTO
W^-^nâ^ ?Tt ??l) I t%f^ ftoViiio ( f t f t i / i i ^ i - ? ^ ) ^ Î?J2tri? SftftJ? <TC5? 4lilCll <3 R ^ Sfmit t?I? nRt!=t4t?
ti*M?lw R ? sfc?in:t R? i t?l? TOPS^ .^f?li>i4 ^ f ^ R ^1%! I T?I? ^4RTO s t T O ^ R T O ^ - a fR^-^^f R^trntm?
R??i^5nt?#, R m w f -aTOw? .3415 t R ? i R , Rs si1%^ ^ f f ^ W [ ? , ^ TOt ? T R t 'a ctlait ^?til4l?l ( _ > . ^ ) ^*1T
w?? cttapT^t??
TOSf? f l ? ? ^ st^ t?^ Rm^, Rsf Ctt5Wt a i 4 H R l ?5ra I
W^-^TOTOlf CtWt^ ?TTf4tW TOTO ^R^Sif? I ^5t?t? vt?t? c^TOfl!? *it^îR4 f R c 2r4M
^-aTTtW? -s^s^^^ ^mnt, W W^-TOff^?nT, RttTO5 I t?tOs '^Tt^' C4t^ TO# W T O RfB5^.CtTft?
W e T f - % l R T O o ( 2 I T O t % P T WR-'??5'Tft, W^-'5R5tSt'R? 'TOR t^r^^ff ( R T O st4Rt? s f R ^5rf*r4T?R R R R S
'kfw? ^f?OT? wst-^TOffror Rf%^ t r ^ R R c o 4Tfm i , ^, ift 2 ( R ) I ' W f w ? ?fR?T ciflPl4 R : ?iRtlR
3T^?fw o|va!jlilW<l ?<Hl4'CM R ^ ':wf5 i ^ T O i i H R .
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^ ' W s r R R (g.)-'^'^ ^Hm? i Grunebaum-îRl R f ' S T O f W ^ t S ^ Wl^N^t t S t f ? W ^ R ? R ^ 'RC^TITO,

(Orientalia, 8 , 8ft) wpt ??w, fto^R wnR^ ^srRffRR=f I R R ^tR^ CTOTRR CETOtf^,
?s?nR^f%5?TO'$Rt^'|i??=f4?:?fn 'w%ra ^ f O i R irnTm TOTf ?sRlRRRt I RR ÎC<1 fRR? vo]^^f^
TORiwt, wiR-Stf, wsiiRnctrSt-aMt^nr^t c^?^ sm^ 5fR^ I R R .iRSSii? W i * f R ^ Rc^R I
1!?r R l t , t ^ r a ^ - ^ ^ T S R W R R J ^stssPO-^^ROT? Îts
RR . a t iRCT t R R l ^ R T O i ?snR? ^
R\o4^<!l4 }Mra lltiilC^ I slMlil ^5fTO Rsf?
RtTOjTO? wwm I t'Mift R ^ R ^ ^rro wfrrorj
atfwt? ^ t 1?ir^*tlW stRsfRWlt; (x xxiii) l t?rc
TOTO ^l^tC^ W R ^Rir ?TRC? ITTO CStjttpI'SR^ W^M?]R
il?iiM ??j, k R 'i[5si?n M l 4 4<5infitR 3fRc -ts *tmtt
^^TO t ^ ^ R T R ^ .3^. R. <l>MC.St?l ^*)T^ R C W T I R R b-i
%T I *iviiwib<'t=f ?t\5 sRs^f !?i?r ?fTO
?SR? ?TRR iJs'bS) 'f&fC'^ \ ^ ^ W t t^^R^m I
afRSRf ^C?R, R f t t i ^ \^f?t? ^ ^ T t l R a i T ^ R ? ?<RT, ^sft
5r?;t#t 8 ( i ) j'.s?i=i <)?nH, " R R T B ? .a?5t^ .a^îSR",
ct^Pmmr^ ^fîwR^ ? # T O aff^ra Tftj
JF'R'R ?5R? ^ , g t ^ t t i ^ , fNrt^, RC^TB W < P amR, ??Rtf
Rspg ^sro. Rjy4 ^-RT 'srf^ I R R ^PC?R (xx 111) I .at R^î
i8oi/.iif2pr iSiSi8 ^. ioj-\o I
4Rvs|?l W1JRJ R^?I4?) 'iiUîi ^ t J ' W % f W r f t ^ x p R 5 . S R S ^
R^kw RRtl# '^R R'Jiiw ai!! ^ I
sr^tit 8 (i) t?^ ^-^mt, RR, % i 8 o - f t ; (A) wfif,
i<,ly8-'l; ( ) A. Fischer, Ein angcbli cher vers, des (RtiÎ?) TO, RJ^RRf I ^<tf?l R f f i R ^ ^ T O 1 W | <RR
Abid b, al-Abras, MIFAO. 1935-136-75; (8) RR^ (?) ? 5 \ ^ TO%f ( R R R ) ^ f ^ T O R ?Rm wi[ W W ?
F.Gabrieli, La poesia di Abid ibn al-Abras, CTOJR^ y W A W "TO' ^T4? R 5 I t % 5 R .a?s \ol?R?5 ' T O RTC??'
Rend. acad. Italia, sc, mor, 1940, 240-51; (ft) ?R?T ÊIRTO W S J iRo >i4=i(:<> RrtR Ryif^w 1 w^ ww?
Brockelmann, I, 17, SI, 54. ^tlTO ^f=J?T ( ^ I T O ) , TO C T O t ^ W t ? I RT ( R ^ r ^ ^
F. Gabrieli (E.1.2) /.a.'iltu. -^rm î?vw, TOT R w ? ) ^ .a?^ t?mm ^ w f i ? ^ w t R 1
^ ^ ^ T P C s r t ^ ^ ^<tt4 ^siT^ / (Rwi'Sxst^ ^ri) R D ' W f W ^ t % p t .a?âtpi2(TO R R J T I tTO
Ît J ^ ^ n) 8 ^'GRRT, iOo^b/iVb-b- RC^ f>IWClJ^

'rtlR? TO ' T O P T O R ( R ^ , RR Ri?R ^s,TORR'=n, '^R?! R5[t
4Wlt'^tt5 ^ I R R R ^ ' I ? smR ^R[St?=f ?sc^ I t R W ^
^r|lc (R)-.a? R=f ^l?<t=f "a (r^Jisct ^l?I?ff #?C!R tlRf^
Rt? W ^ wr?lR C T O t ^ W f ? (?) TOs-R-?f?RnRCT?
5f5 R R 4R?IIC^'I Rf^RHf t ^ l f ^5l?trat ' i W ^ I
r?R R*t ^ ^[?m Rir?? R m W 5 j ^ *fRi:??tR R I R w R ^ M T r 5 ^ ^ ? t R ? s "wRsT, ^yTOH7 Rtji ?its!,'ram
TOfH^RSlRf 1 ^^m^, W f i ? ? ^ f ? R R ^ I R R Rc5R ?TiRiwcR,
R R TOW R R R^^ ^'^flR ^5T%?I R R T O I R (R'tTt*ST RCT^ 4R?r ?RRIR cstto Îfm RwiRw, sfro^, 'iTOt^ff
?nR^ I ^5r% TORiRR R ^ R ^ t T O 3 R R Rr? ?rr5r^ sitgRi R ^ R^TiR w t % I
TOTOTR R ? ^ I ^ T O ^TOTOTO R R R f R RIJ1 R? iiift '^%tcR (RRtr<Rs ivo?i ?5nR 'i^m?
RRTOTR ? t % ^ * I I ? R 4IR5TI RRtJl RfRRT ^tRsj R t g f ciiiiw4 i ? ? ? ^ (ivo8 R.) ^ RR ?Rtoi R w f ^
(?)-.il? R?T Rf^RHf W # Ri?R ^5TTO R ^ I (?TORt?1W^) (RTOR1W (RRFR % (Rlt^ffcJR.TO^si^Rtra-
^581? R R ( R T O ^5tc WRiRra RRTOrR ^R?f TO I (RtHR (jf^TOtTOTORR'f ?RT,^^?R:^, 'S^^ ??ii?5T?t) G I O T T O RR^TT
TO'?pT?ff^W?"TO^f1TO WratfRRRB-^tc iSiiA sttw .a^ R f r a ^ R ? R i % wRsi fR?tTR w^}sf?'=f ?si::?^ 1 ^
R R ?'i^t^?i TO7 w pw'i I T?R WTOR iSii^ '{^R ??lt R 5 ? r ? T t J I ^?'=f
trisT # T O C R R R R R i R t B a i w R ^ ?sRRt ^TRltTOB Bangladesh District Gazetteer, Bakerganj,
TO?rtTO^*mRt i F 1 iSiiS> % R R T O T R siR#tt 1980, ?fti .a??, R I R ^ ? t ^ W ? ^ ?5tR? (Rt? W5 W R R
^[flf^ Rf^RRT t^RtfR' f l R ^ ? S R R t t % isppnTOl^R C T O I ^ Îcn^-ia? 's^tR) t?R 'SRPR i<i.i> ?|5rat ^ t
RCT? ~4l:iMlW ^ R M t < ) l f W f l t ^ TOTOIR T^lRâJ?<^ ^R?^^^ ( t t R ^ R # n , 'fRRltTT, iS.S.J % ^. hi) I
.iR^ R!#R^ .at ^ftR^ Jtl^^lM TOR ^sCiR I R R R R T O % I Rf^RRf ( R ^ t ^ i ^ W ? S R (?)-.a? CiSfJ^'^ I
\gt?R t f f R ;5lt ^'STOt Rt? C T O f ^ f ^ t 4 (?) ( ^ W ^ . ivoAts
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?5fH) 1 w w a^JBR ^ W R ^ ?n# 5Att%?5' ^srtfiR, ^^<n?f

ifi^?. ^ l A R ^ t l f F ^ps^ a W R ^ s At?lR^ 1 tt'^Rlfl vsM'DH^ ^stcsf ? i f ^ A F I %R lilt ftwiTOs totfir
î<t>iw ^s?fw ^sn^ ( ^mm ^^mm f%ife ^jir
Ai wRrnft, i^b-i liRs TO;? ' s p R " ^ ? ! tl^<tH W R
a^^ ^ciH? IS ^Rt ^SMl % ? R *ftA CTlAN'l ^ (?), RR i|,<1l<)?IW t <iMjHî?i ^ 5jKA<w TO ^Tt?n 'STAI? R I ^
c?CT 'srtiJFt^ jst^T t f s ' p h ^w-i i f ? f ? l ? % TttAC?? 'fCA TO ? R ? ^ ia?i ^siAf? -ms ? T ? ' ^
% I ( R W ^ ^ttAI? ^ S R H R ? R ^ CA??I-WC<}> ^ m aJAf <l><llt?il t=TC5f 'ahlS'QC'F? ^'#15f^=t? >rail^""SJ^R I
AtC^ R?f?TO \stf?n ^ 5 1 ^ ^ l l W t ^PlC\s 1^<IM f|??R I '5lt<[iSflW^5tAt?t tR ?m''5iM R ^ ^lM??sRl?5
mm (?t?iR-crKt?5, bHM-<; 'sim-cs'iAR, on^-orrîsrt?; TRS^T StTiRR I lilt ^SlAf? 9m R W 9pJC^R5r^^S fes^ Rt I
<ijRcf T^m^ ^ R lii^ % ? ? I 'r??îfco f ? ^ ? R %
Rm s Rt^ ^ 'oft^ wm (?)-'a?
csrtAt^ ^ I F I A RtC5? vSlAlW ^5TAR f^f^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^^R^ Rrt^ tFUf*f CfR I
gffsjRRs f i f ^ Îttt's?^ A?J I <iiR>c\st ^5tAt? f<i^H Rm? ^sFt ^st^ i^cs ^ wrF? "ft? R t ^ R r ^ ^ ^ i ^ ?tifti% ^^t?^ aj^t
A? I "IMi^M A t c ^ t 2|fi^\s ? T t ^ .Wlf^5Tl? AHilFI ^^pRl^ stTiRR I
1TO? iT:*tT t%1^ ^?dm R R R T C ^ n w i <wRR?i,
^ ^ i % t t ^ ?c5i ^ T s n ^ t T t ^ ^smrs -^fes T t f e s ^ i ( T i t w F j fM%?rt, 'TfîlR!i '^wtRrR?! ât ^ ^ll<M?i 'j^'fst
f i f ^ ^ c f \slAlC4 tv5lt?t t ? ''ftF^- l l t C ^ F I >1IWA W ^ I t%f^ R R 1 # ? ^ "ft? Rr1 vs % ? ? ^ R ^ f 4RCM1-I I
f ^ - ( f % f i p 5 vilijMly ( R t t t i S T ?lTtWCf C f f ^ - f ? W ^ ^ ^ t ? (R?t^-cftrf^ jff% wtRft îrsH, R R R - ^ S T I W R ^s%qn ^mm
vilfSfvs <i)<iîRc^F, 'SIR
mm wnf^ ^RtôH la?^ î^'wM ?mFTSH tAlt R^'^lAR # ? ^ l a ^ ? ^ I
*nf?Rff?R! # ? R ? ?^51R Cntl^tiS OSFTR C<Ml5|^fti5t
^t?tRt i t g m 'ptR^t '(w (?rtt--pst ^sR^n f%R î^m 'i^'f îcisi=ii<) ^ft5iT 5}TC5i?CTTs^ ^ f e r p ?AiR cst^ft? si<m
Rr^ f ? f ? m % R i T A i R ? îwtiiFCT ^^f>^ AiPiwî WFJ cm%^ ilWRIill {RtW? 5TR>s iR-TO ^ 'SIR^ Art I mB
cf^vg^ vs >ii<HH'5? bRrar ^ la??. ( T T f t w f ? r R , A t ^ , R ^ , tfl^tvoj # ^ ^ ^ T O , J^Ûvs ^ R f R villiiW I 'H'CC'^M
W W t i T , VlHRxt*, ^ 5 ^ 5 % , tfÂPf tf^ R ^ TfPfRfisT W f W i t t ( R ) ia??,^tAt? I t S'iiiAt^'=i ^tli^-ia? mf ^
w ^ 1 m t m^ -^m^ ^ ? T O T f ? i * R uRi^ w i R t T O ?Tf^ bPlCvs'l I %t% ^ >p! ^ 'tr^ W t W ? ^SR^ |
W F I^ 4R<iw
Tnw-^^%^ ^ "m^ ^R^w ^fef ^ t C m S ?naRR If^S^lRt *ftA CWJTR R t ^ R [ ^
^T?tR ?5R(?R I TtAt^R'^jC? ^ R C? R s r a RtlPo ^snRlCT^ 1l^ ^ CW3R CmA|!A I CfWl^?R <l*'iljW ^Rf^TR
R?f5 ^ tw AtR[=T ?#?rn:i^, ^ S R J O T ? 11*11 ^ t w t i i ^ttîi s lftF%f % I ^lAR WtRf^tt R?ft ^ ^ ^ a|%f^ I ^SIAR ?i5
"tRtp AÎW 1tiRT AlW*l V^Nh *ll<t>lRÎ <M*<i1^, A t # ^ et|viivs| 'iiiiiAlst ftwt i [ A t ^ la^tTc?^ ?A5rR (RtiSoîi^bb-
A ? i w it^sîRt *tlA'^rM?T'F ^5rt# stRft (?)-ia? t ^ p t it^ssîRt ^JtlCSTsI io ( R C ^ ^ t W ? tFFoM'=1 W ^ I
nnlR^ RRHR 8 iOHVi^<J-A %t C F ^ R ^
wfer5, i A ^ m t , io^b-?^) I vi(iîiH-va? tRi<Mci^ ' R ""tf^ w^to? t%intf VSIAIW R t ^
R ^ R F 'I1?5=I ^2JI (?T?r^ i?ittiist w ^ I (?T?i=^ ?Rt%f^ W R I (RCA$ % ^ncAiR? # ? C F ? c^mzn ^mf^,
RRit 'srtiRitef, Rim ?sRTn *ti?i5 ? ? W R IIRT^ 'SIIAIR ^5f?%t, % R r 3 ^^wiR^ 1%R w R R { R f 2 W "^R^
'SRJRI ^ 4 ^ i W i l C W O W f%fF ^spik R ^ (Tif5t?T? (?)-ia? ^1? ^Rc^F I - a w t t > i i R 1 ^ RSTC??
^tJ ^ ? R ? ^ I i # 5 l w f%R ^'^!w? - J R ^ t ^ AfRiR ^ ^3 t?,f^ ^ tAtt I?n ?ft (R, ^51AR tra WRF?
t ? ? ^ il<W<t Ri'al^ ^ I O T I M I ;S <I'*\4|?1 % ? ! ? (Rtft, CS||AI*ilT ÎWAt ^5!AR ^^tm-1?sR ^jC^ I vsHîllSl % ? RICAC??
'^'^Rf^?^ W 11tAt?lFti? ^ <?T<3?CTRTO'StAf WRRR IV -#11 W ^ l l t ? ^ t % TTlrAiR? fft^T^F
j5rtm-?]?At?, bHb=iF, stfi^'fs t i i t t f ^ RRtI? ? ^ R l T S R ^ m% WRF? W I A N H ^tTRA-ia? ^ afSR
^ -5? 1 R ^ a m -sit^^TRf -"tt^ csrr?mR R^ft^ Qs)-'^ TO?rt
'ifAo TiT?tC? s^lnl^ <pRl r 'siAR -ssîtfiR^* RisR w ^ I
t^MlftRt?:^
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W5 CTOIRT W f ?
f%f?tf^4iwo 1? Rf? C5ff?m W f ? (?) y^^-ff "sitsfRf TO^, R ^ , siRRfT-'stlgryff aiR^, ? t - ^ at=t?^, cf TO-lR?n
1%tWTl? Rt1?^2rf ?5n t?f TOW? RfstRst W>t?4lll ^^fRsT af?5H, .a?s ^TO t^fWOT? arro .a?^ c?m?T T?%'T?
sngtw 1 .ift .&R?f?# sngtRf i8/iJi)bft W f siRti^ ?? 1 t?f? ÎTOT '2?*t R ^ ^ T O TOR3^ ^Rc^-^ I R R 'S?tW R f ? C
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tRWff RSt^R
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W | WT5P? CTRpiR :8
R(R ?sf I ? s r ^ , -ifl^RÎÎSTl-HI? RR^ (RC*f "gsTRTOW? 1 ?

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C'Si-si'îiwciM-ii srROT î<ii tîTgffw?? R R '5?t t ' R f r s R afTO <3 apft^ RpR, t?ti:4 fTO^4?j
tRSffft RjIC^R
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f i T O R w <nfn? f i r a R i t I tRtît'^ i t a i ; ^ 9^ tiiiPii pi5(;^R f R m , 88 i i 3T?.tir, ^spnt-iRC'^

l5lilt'^ CSfSTl? ^^*ni?fattW (<IRSI.vs> ^^flvjt ?IlAttTi5T îwlt^lt A008 ( i f f ) CITS ^(*pf<=11=^ (R?!^), ?R*rH ft<'=t, C^n^TR
AiR#in srtgrm. a t t ^ t 5jjo '5^?i(?(t? so c^gnnft "tf^ îra ?t??n ^ a W W e T WlgmS iS.S.o 'SI.;. (i4i) >[AWi
isTiiw viiARfi iilTO? i^t-m W f a t I "iit srtAfwi ^srRg? ? % i , lilt ( R t ?IM<Mi3, 'SfM-t'I^W 1l<iPt(;<p*tR, ?IM<Mf5,
'T^w? f ^ , CA ^snuA! mm ^ ^sj^pm^ra gfoll 7f?,?Rc(^ S T R ^ , A o o i 'St.; ( i n ) l A t R ^ ^n?ij? ? % T ,
ati%33# fen ^ t i i w <'l3cw m^ *i^ A*l^ I T O R t ^ t!A m\ wr*P? '^SAI^ AK-ÎA
?Kaif%j2f iiitn?it 'sf^t ^t?n ro?F i tea? fef iAic<t> ijRsm (?), f l ^ at^tt^, af11 a f ^ , wtg?rtft i ^ ^ l 'st.; (ib-) I&
vsnfen f p r i w AiRfpsn?i 1^?RT A?i i ^ i c'ssF^ntl c^tt^s, nn's(R A i ^ ferm iff^ ^-ctpat^
RWiM iS^tilUsl fSm Atm t%*1 W R 1 ijfen i5rr-'$(4i^ (?), i f s f m\^, atsm a t ^ wig?nft ij^8
RisR 3T?J2Ft^ -SIFD^LVIT 'S iSlillMlU^-ifl If'IC's.FECIF J VSLAR WRR1 'St.; (iJ) 'sn^fAtW (Rt? cits f>RtW Af^s^TRR, ^ H A l W ^^Tf^g^t
ra?f iijs wd-î^l 'FPtsT (Rsn WRFLTF WTIPT ^ftl'F 11%R, I t ' S ^ AfilR, It^s^lRt >4||<l<j1 ?llt ^5At^
^stRejR i f s R 'S ^tîgsipft nA CITS R t t f W i A h^^, m Cits
CTIATSR WRA^jat*. I W R R R W t f ^ (?!Rs %l1^ At?l 11^=1 I C l W R l % 1 A , *ttA Cits'sncw % t A , *tRJTR W 1 R nft^F%f
I^fef c#RS'5wciicf îtAR TH ^R-itw 'snfen.'îAra RnR . ^ A W It^QRt^'n *rtA CirCAÎptAFA 1 ? ^ ^ W t W CltAt^
^'IM^ *ni?t ?5?t A? I W ( A (?)-iil? ?5vs^ gftiTR 'S Wf^ a f W s(J; ( A o )
ar^*f# s ( i ) Bangladesh District Gazetteers, Rftft?s W t l W , i A ^Sisjêf^ SâJi,^r I
Bakergang, 1980, General Editor : Md. Habibur '3A1^^5n?^'g?ferf
Rashid, M.A.B.C.E.S. Government of The
Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Page 251; (A) ^ PI 1 ^ 1 (
t>i=ii^ Rtr^, u^fifn t-s, f H t f i ^ v i S t i - R ?t??nwt, I'SRt^'n I ' i ' f ^ ^ ^ i^sTt^^n "sn^wRR ' s ^ i f t ^ ^
a W P ? F H O T - ^ iJS>o '^.; i i R?,., R^t?^^nA5R%?1.; ( o ) Rnft^ I ^'RR ^ >5ii?R, ^ Pik-D, ??.%r
% 'SITASR (t), t*lllIli%ra ^^RR^
'MR^s o ^^^511^ (R^raR#, i i R^., aitl a r m ^ AooA '[.; 1i?f5l% I tl11Ci|.1 afSR 't%in AW ' s n ^ ? ! ^ f 5 p ^ (?1)-iil?
(8) ^ R # t - , 'ij^t.tn '&i, -mi^nm 'Sililliw (At|<|,?itA^ ??,-*RRR '^^^tiPl ^?I? 1 1 ^ ^Ttrn^ (?) >|,=1H '"^M15'?1F
^ R I N T *tfteR ^"ttaj, 8 A i <M <3 BI R?.tir (âwi); ((?) 'sftR^? m^Ky\ t*i=ilt af^fc?? 'BRJ' liit OiC^ 'ojt'RJf <?(<!1
n t f ^ \oR#f, '^rf%R?,'s|7l 'JiA, 8 ^ <M 'Jj^ R^tir 1t<3TI^ ^ ^ ^ (?) <Tt^-v5t?^-?Tmii*t
(IFLW!), ^ t t R t m Wfercs %311A AKilHl '#!?P? >rt13I;
%RAH^CR '*ltP|S), "?pFit, % ? ?siflT, >Q?nRW 'S
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^sHAig, gg'RFH %i?ra? iJ(?A '|.; (s>) CIIAN^T ifPWR 'sn^,
'STtiR (RIifj f R F , ai^m->iiiffR IHPICR, S.<?R^ W cm, ^StAR 11RRR :t<lSttAlF 'stl^ I 'StAR Cff5 ?e?R ? ? R ^
? R W , af11 ^-î i04ii ^ ?1??Tr 'S i&<?8 (%pit; ( i o ) ? 1 1 ^ xsiAt? 1tt t%^=1 W R 1 I T f A R t ^ W t w f l ^ i i l ^ ? C ^
Aoo.<?, v5n?T-CA^, a w ^ 8 <n?TRTt ^ fAl-a,sJlA, ^ H ^ F t LA?^ ?^ '3si1'il|iStlCH<( I t ^ W I A nlPi-tlt^ AF I
itgrm tttr (c^ft? nttt), aRsii*R!w IFLFAFSF aoo(? '^.; ( i i ) Rial t%5^ ?,-5R ??C5T tAR ftT feStt IAIC4 t ^ AlPtC^Î
^fRt^s, 'srnnm c?Rti, (?f?R îwi?ii< gtR R ? ^ ^n Arr5# I ^ttAtC^ f ? W R - A t % l ? ^ ' # 1 >8
CAliR^ C5t^ ^yp'rtfes, t . ^ . ? t , . a m aw*f ^ iS.ê '[.; ( i A ) t^Rt? ?slft 1I'8=Tl5fl Aft^'^ptAC?' 'jAf^t^ W A^ I
POPULATION CENSUS OF BANGLADESH 1974, . B ?,R? ??1R "'SIAIW % C R f l t ?5x|^ a f ^ # 5 ^nwtRtTR
DISTRICT CENSUS REPORT BAKERGANJ, Page ifl^R?! f ? f ? m ^^?tCFI A? 1 f l j ^ (Rrttt I ^ W
No. 751; ( i ) ^ p l R ^ ^snAI^ R-lil^Sl, ?1?=TOirR R^snft ??TRt $?ÎF 11#^ A t ^ *tft^ f ? ^ f R f T p ^ f "Sf^
vs^mt-^t-ir-msit, sftR a w t ^ , sjsr sf^m CT issb-b- ^5.; ( i s ) "^PC^ I i>!j ^ 6 , 5 ^ ^w!?r t%R stiiiwi ^!!Sc^ fR)t>ÂA % 9m ^ms^ ^Pr^mr w%rf f?-^F#R 'î:: R tRMfH I WRffRsfft ? 4 4 i f wR5r-'%'R'R

R m r n m R ? ^ i R R stRR t f R r o stsm ^ ^ s i R T O R^ W <p&(.<Jt .a??, ^ K I M it,-^<i'=t <p9c<q'H" I
.iiTO wRTstRora'5iW??icR I R R Rf?,wm, TOW, W T O a(R . a w ^ R R ^ ' I R R R
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t t C ^ S RtRg^ ^WRT W T R T ^ [ ? ^ . RRRt, RIR^R % I R t R s t R t I R R .at R=#RC4 ^j^tto w t o 4c?r .a?^ ^^R*f w i w
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ioo W f TOTt ^ ^ w r t m
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( i ) ?t??nftfem, ^tiRtm 4 r a # ^ (Rpnti^y 'sntF t f t ^ ttC3R t ? 1 ^ attCI'fltm^R ?ltra

Aooo VI., St., 'j.ASo; (A) Rt^Rtm cm\ cnm^m, ? i t p <3.<l>l=lR> tRc^ t W R I ftf ^^f&tRc?[tft 'SRAC^t^ >i>IIC-ttl'1H iQ,
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Contents
wfo-\5,>t^=i "Rife -sTUtlRt (?r)
WTO wc^ CRt'sR iikotXA Rôtfp-TOtf? w^-TO"Rr#T, (?t), " W f (?t), ^'W? (?t), ^?1??n (?t), t ? ^ TOI*^ (?t), t ? ^
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t?( î^fert t^tmc^ 1 (?)-.i? rt: R R iop R. ti^<t>i=i ?5ra^ 1 t?5R-?t?ft?
st^f^ g (i) Broekelmann, S. I. 190; (A) TOH,io? R. "S gTOt4 t?H ' ^ t W - ? ^sic ô'\ R. ?53R; ^sra
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^ - m ? m ^-^srFWTt io8 SflfplRRlA ^-^5IPf# (m)
W^ W o (R)-'ira I stAPW ?tRwj ia?t, f ?^!W'5! t^R t ^ (^5tw%i) "Q ^ 5 R ^ ' p t w t?r*r^
? i ^ Rwfb^ ^ t r ^ I mRi^'}r^ i^tfsfw t%R f ? ^ Rrro w
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(^Jie^ RsaSR) ^ttft f W t % 5 R ( ^ - t R t m ) I l A H f ('f)-'il? i HJ I iot ^mft? b-t^ KRRfw? 'Ts.^ssfiR m
# ? V ^ 'SRItm fWAlW^ tft^ I >l!=1ilH ^RîlcA I ^^lAl? R ? sitt??^-m<3?tft^ afr^ ( o t . , j.
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t i ^ i>f??iiRw'H I %m (m) mfi*w o i t t ctesT ia?s ?iQn* t r ? t t ^ , >iJl^, 5TS?1TC?? aj1%;sR|5I^, ^5rt\S?l?% # ? r F ^sToj^
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'5It?f5T?1^-^[^, mtmi, S I ^ t , o t . , 8(?, 8Nb; ((2-) 1^
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apiR ^ftjR ?r2i^, wttF m 'sitm? mâRf m^ ?tr? f?RT, At., J>S; ('b) t ? F A t ^ , ^ - i R s x s R ^-t^1l51,
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m f ^ t t W fA., soon, S t . , 'J. b b ; t ? ^ '>s||*flR?,
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w t m f t , ^ m?m' f??t mw t i r s i f ? ^ f|i?R â??, b>>; ( S o ) t?^T-WtRrft, f W R fT?tf^^-R?AIRf # t
R i t F P A T ^ t?>Q?T?i^ ^f^îc^H I Rftm It Atftm 'aT?1^Tf^-f??t, Sft^'^ ^ - m ' ^ , R'R SSsoO, St., 3FR^
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Wftf-^T^T^ R l g T - R m i l (?t) ^5itfT-Wt (?t)
^ r M R , W w s f f ^ is>8br, ^. ibrS)-Aoe; ( i o ) T h e ..a^l^ ? l f ^ ?<Rt ^R^lc^'f i R R "5il.>hlî? ( r ) TJ'^h
Encyclopaedia of Islam, N e w Edition, Leiden tHRM TsR <p15c=ii ^"H ' W f (?t)-C4 W f R Rfss ^ R w H .fR^
1979; (iS) TH. -srf. t . , it., % b-oo-b-o? i ^t?TC4 Ri<)i*f=i. c^rsirw h w r i 'wf (W) R^mt
.a. R .fm. ^55îhR <t>RMH, wR R fe<i?ifw^ imw 'n-ain? cm^? î^^w^ ( r )
? R t ? r , t r , .5?^ RST R<)<ii5fi ^ RR
(_SJ in'iV I) 8 (?t) . 5 4 ^ Rl?tft'RcH I TO ^tRo, ^'=1TO Wlf- (ww?)-" c\siiiw ^ m i P R i"
^fl^rro:, Wfff-TOPrT ?w ^ ; R R ; f^rTw CNTM w'jmf t^*r#t 8 t?=T ?"M? W ^ - ' W R ^ I W f , W S T - I r ' R I , 9M
iOAb-R, St., i i i I
( V 0 - K T 4 T 5 , brt., s o e ) I RR f w RifaR'l i
vi|51=i?il? (R)-.a? 2tR ^tiTO sftTv 'oR " ij?<M.o R^r I t r o
RTi*R5Ri*f,RR '^'R TOr^R R a R 4R?t (?R i WTOf ( W ) rt^-^=prr ( L ^ J I J_>I) S ( W ) W ^ ^ - ^ T T O ' W ^ t?R
^tc ".fl4 ? T R ?[T^^[fK {^Y^N R^B ^stRwff ' ^ ^ t ? f 5 t P o ^ l ? (^SRI 'S^viH t ? ^ R57?), Wâfff
4R^, ^ wR? c t ^ TTC^f .4RT:t WTO R f f ? snfR R: Wf^RR? 'srf^^tf <^Pi*il ^sf^t -qjI^xicR W W I (^'WTOR B.) I
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TOSf"a 1RR5 I^c=ii 1 W c ^ , R R .boo '^%R;R W3j2t?'?f 4raR
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't^ e'lS); ( S ) t f ' T T t R , W o - ^ TTO"t^-f5??t, '2??i ^ . R . ,
fl?l<l, Rf^sitRip, 4RC<n i o e o R , ieb-; G . v a n V l o t e n ,
brt., 8 o e I
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fiwf RSC^R
t.R.Vis
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Contents
W f s f - ^ (?T) W|?-?TTO
*t3RfR' RRI^ R R T O 4 f ? m ^ I .ilt RRI^ I ? I W ? C T O ! TO^ 'Obi-'b; (b) W t l f , S.t., HH-tx'O; (5) TOfWf, f?t?fW, it.,
?g RfTOt t ^ l R <P-ft^-.iR Rfe^ ^ s r f R R TO, R f - W I p - ^ t f R R i o , ?t., So-(?; (b-) MMIA, 1 9 2 8 . t ? t ^ 4 J ? ? # ? f
SlR f R f R R . R ^ 4^5 1 ^ t l (ob-(?-i98) WR ^ - ? f W R (S<l?-S.) R^R ^^m^; (S.)
Ch. Pellat ( E . 1 . 2 ) / ^ ^ I T O t ^ r t ^ wfwt TOTRif? w-T?itf^-wmR?m-c st^rR
^5rr^-'^^:(i_^jji s (?T) R r o t f ' i W T O - . f r a ^ ?t?i(;^, <M?(;?i (?<?-i<i; ( i o ) t ? T w ci4n5 an:^

RR Iff^sR 2tR^ Rt?if RR'T 1 afiRtti 'jra ^ttro ^ RR;jlW TTO ?sR5T ^ft?T ?il?îc^, R?w ?5f??f W l - ^ ' W ,
lRt R^Ri: c ^ R ^ ^ TO W I " W o l t f ' i w f ? T T O ?1?fTO-.il? R^^; ( i i ) W R R f ^ , - f ^ W , ZDMG,

1911, SJ>i9, do^,- dii, did; ( i ? ) W f ; T ^ , ?'TRTW,
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(Freytag), 8d, i S S , diS, <\dd; ( i o ) W f p t f , %
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R 4 ^ afl^^sr^ c T O R ?Rt'StuRr i"
Ch. PeUat, (E.1.2)/vTO'^ t R
ar^Rft ( i ) t f ' l XYM W ^ - ' R P l ^ T R t f , t R R T , R ' R i^sAb-
R , St., .Jjo, R^tlt ^H)x I rt^-Rt'Trt^ ( j j > i j j j r j_>i) S w ^ - t ? i R r f (W) i
wRi:?5 ^5f?R Ri^ f ? - ? T ? T ^ ?R?rT ^ t ?#5ffc^ 1 w^
^ -^rr^-Tn^. ( ^ . ^ I s W ^ - ? ^ R (WR-^PPI^R-H) W T - W W f W^-^ R?fW T?tC4 R f ? t % R ? ôfR^R f t ]
t f ' T f S T f M W5J-tff, i ^ / W ^ R ^ C T R 'W?? io(t/H^S

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I R t W I b R t t T?R;4 est "<p^".;l^ (^f? Rro l?f^ (R)-'a? i R s ^tR5 Rcwi I
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4%iT <M^S R?TO-.a w i ' t - R t ^ ..aî^ ^rB? Rc^ werot 'WSfit?, i t . , SiV(?o a f r S ^ t ii<l(? W ^ ' l S t R l ^ ' R ) t
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WfR 453^ CR1RC4 s t l R - ' W ^ l W W ^ ? ^ TOT $ ^ - T O ! R R^C^ Wtf??s5f-^TO?? RfTOTRf CafR '2RTO?R? ^fR^ôRcf
((2ft TOiR 6il-*iPi4) RtW 'SiRRo TO'f I 4R0IR; .il^f^ RCR? R R f f ? f e Rt^f ^sra'T, R f 'f'R ^'IR WsiRSI'fneR 41^1411^
^fsfTRR'R ^ sffW Rro CSFfsffRo ^StRfRcWf, C? % t ^ t f ^t'R Rf^ T?t? R 4 ^ ^WTT^ t w ? ( 2 R f 4fR'? I
'StTO (3Ft? 2l*tRo 14R ! p T O TTO ^l-iwî f i J ^ f .iR^^fTO .ilt W5TfR4 RBRtfB^ RRf)l(,< RTTtlf 4?T '5t?TC^ I Volney
R4B ^t W R - ^ ? ^ RfâTOT iStRf? W 5 I a)V[t (?ft4 t?f 'SîlH TOfR lR ^TOR CTOR Rsre4fR
ar^fi) g (5). Brockelmann, SI. 9 0 ; (?) Rescher, ?R?T t R o 4 R T O ^ . 1 .il4t ?.'R W|?-?'fTO-.il? aff. TOT <s
Abriss, i., 2 2 3 ; (ô) Nallino, Scritti, vi. 9 8 ; ( S ) .iwt^ w?-?r5fw? tiR*iisi 51^4 .at carRc ^T?r f w R R^f
.^gl<^îjg|<^ ^Ri .a ^sTTO R i <!"(<! n'G"m TO ? ^ W5Tst-.ii? (Cohen, Palestine, SS.) 1 wgMR4?fC*f f?'^ .541^
^5T?f?sTo (Hell)-.il, iSb-, iB^-do; (Â) Y^^^^, 9\% % v||H=i4 'S CWWR ( W % T ) CWff? ^lR4m'( ^ >i^
t'lWf R*:4R
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Contents
Son
^tmm (?m f t m w f%t^ ssb^/.snnA TO'm^ (R-c?5 :^f|^ % 5 R I -^^ôif), ' R H t ' ^ Mi<t>I^(;<t> 'fAcw mtrR^ "str^ ( R t t
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il?^âtT5I Wt^ ftfr, m R 'îfRIW (iSi-Jaff) I
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l R < i l ? t R W ^tjri^ ^. C o h e n , P a l e s t i n e , 'J. isîs % t A f m^m lif^^tivsft.^^^.swRt^ i
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fen%?R ^5TAt "^m^/^ttAt? RiR?! tfw?Rm %l I RRS R i f A o j A ^ <iic<Ri, m'Gmm ^ÂPR 'srt^, c*ft R T ^ ,
iib-s/srrs i a n e R i m 1^ wt%c^ ê,tr w R w m RpPi^w =îfg\5 ^sfRgsT '^tW? %m^, t m i (Ritlft, t W T ''SnfR ^5rt#, C*tl?
C I F H l R . ^ iRbH'!! I tAfPS W P F ^ isfR^ A5f '^K if^s? 1^'% f%fft? 1
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TO ^ ^ W I C ^ ^âjHô*! w r I % t m, lii^ '^Ri ;mt "s liRRtaj RmfAof ?Rit isno
Sfl^t^t 8 (i)/^TR^-^TA'IfF A"PfR ^ - W H I i J ^ , 1%R t i % ^ w ^ I t%R -^^R^ ti^^Rf ?ttfflm mRtes^ i
8 i n - A o ; ( A ) ^sTf^-mAH-^? "^^TT^ C t m t ^ - V o l n e y , sr^t# 8 (i) cmmti^ ctis#?iR (is.nn),f. Aoe; (A)

V o y a g e e n E g y p t e e t e n S y r i e (Rm. J e a n msRtOTIR ( R t ^ tRR^, AS 1
G a u l m i e r ) , I J I R R CAt iSffS, % nv-ss (Si-8
'jfeôlRtRÂ'^'F?); (o) A m n o n C o h e n , P a l e s t i n e
^ s r r p - ^ r t f l ^ {:^^^\ j - . i ) s (my rnmn
in the 18thCentury, Jerusalem isno i
?rt%fi?5 R i ? j % i i ? w R r ^ 'sfs^ ^RîCAF i AlR^ t?^ ^
P . M . H o l t (E.1.2, Suppl.)/^ft^^mOTo
^mm ^ t A R ^ A T ^ ^'fm <tR?icA*f i îmmft ^pfrnij^r-
^srr^ ^ ^rfWT ( J _ ^ I J J U .^n ^ i ) s 'iTfMRf-'ii? ii}j '^5rR^-AT%T t?^ ''5[RR^-mA"mi=T? ^
iSon-iSno, Rt >ilRRij<i, R ? W t ? ^sfgmw I lil. OSf. ^sftp-m^ Atc^ <i'R?fiw, %Rf m^^, mîîsiiA ( R )
^sflA^Rmcsit'RTRRS iRf^s I i ^spflt, itson (i(ô|va(K i i o ) <iRi?in^H, 'Tarn? 'sttftA? R i ^ t^m'Gmc^ ^w?i
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RSflR^ 5t!R ^TAirn ^fl^tA? ( R A ^ '^1^ '^'^ ^^n^tA?
attW^SfAt? W ^ I
cwtw W A t P R c ^ ( R ^ ^sRrn mit^ ms^t m ^STARI ^
.t=i1.lf5^-* t^Jl^Plf^C^ltj W i W -^tc ^ . l i l . I M ^ S R R T ' TSfRiR i^c ^ft^ A ? r
f <Fr=i T>w RP^RRJIRC? c?s#?f at^trc??. ^^JTSM^R fit^tiit 8 t?^ A t w R wR-'wi^.-Tm^, ^ - t ^ H i m , Rn^
t?i?ff m^ iA<>iS ar^mR^ ftmw w Î R?if^^ iOAb-R., St., -JsS I
mfAT wt;^5Ro5^ I R ^ t^tRmioTiR? Rt^^ 'SfAiR 1^ îRR^
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Wl?-?ra iob-
^5ft^-<pr s (w) t ? ^ "^m^ ?(Rti^ (?t., ^ . i o t r ; (b-) t f s f ? 1 W R , t R R | , t t . , ^ . i S ; (S.) H .

W ^ - W T O T i ^ ' W ? t ? = T ' ^ T O r a - . i r a q m iTOiiffk'sroo-i?ra Lammens, Etudes sur le Rejgne de mo'awia.
t*i"=ili-'^ TO % I 'W?'^ TOT^P; t'lW'I at^CI? R R tTO ^.8? I
TOI fRoTtt ^îR'T I R R "Wf-RTR^'TOT-WTOJ5" (tf^ H. Lammens (E.I.2)/.il. f^. .a^. "5^tR?
t'lTO af^-wtfRt? ^*)T;3fsi<|vSTw)-.a? ^*)T t-:!! I R R TOTO ^5rr55r-'4inaifîii ( I ^ L ^ I g( ^ , R f ^ ? t
RsR ^c^'T I wog'R TO*tt ^^tc si^Ttfsr^ fc^ tft4
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I w t f ' f " i t T O TO^ RsRi:? ?nfra Rspi
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Wf^-'wsi%rt
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cmm^, m^ i 8 m^, jfh^ i i <n ^^M, ' J . Ab-i-b-b-;

( n ) Rvvoi^si-^tT^, <pr?rrm i 8 f f ft.; ( b ) ^ - ^ ' p f
m ^ - t T m , i t . ; (S.) t?^ mf^W, S.i; ( i o ) Guidi,
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Tables s ^simH ?mc5? w m ; ( i i ) ^lfft mtm^, >bt, Affo-ô
Goldziher, Trans. IX, Congeress of Orientalists,
"ootsn? f t ^ cnnt m s ; TrRt ajAtRR ^. ii^s f.; ( i A ) G. Vajda, RSO , is-bS. % Aifff., AA(? f.;
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v5im? ^ aRtw ^ "^m^ ? P f ? m ^ <jf*^?icf i^rst
4 I al i/n c?^ tf?R^ ^ftm cmm CT, t A t ? w i ^^--S^^mR^
( A A - 8 V b8n-i!si)-'il? R ^ a t m r n r ^ R1r 1R iil?l ^tAt?
RoiTOt tR't^ A F I RR ^^?tf?<PtRtct? >iiw ^ m
<t=R?if^W'( li)?^ tm w t m mn, f%R ^ - ^ i ^ t f i ^ (Aff^-ns. /
^ l ^ j L^-LJ
bno-s.A)-'ii? ^spgstA m ?#?rtfli?R I m t m w wt^t? ^ ^,
i5,ic<p m^H ?mt A?! I
a2JI 5-cL 'sfnri-^'i<)tCT? f^ R f t A t ?m m?,,
li)^ ^^sfH%( ?jf%5^,
iil?5 vfg ^ - g s j t C ^ f m%rt ^flAt? 'smAt? Rmf?^ f^, ?f% r^r?^ ?bm3Pi
#TAt?
tlaj %st i R a i mR^Mi-^t 1 H Rij?<'4^f*n;?5 ijiiiiicM RIS?5 vtoiW's) w T ? ?Rmri I t A t ^ i R R ^
. ^ ^î( ^m? ^ l i i ^ m^; CT,'^f^tm^ i w ^5tm t ' M c i ? 2n?1i^ 5t A t c ^ t ^H^dic-t
Îtm RetCH ^-f&W cm<>H^ '^jOS 'ijC?f, C t r n t ^ f m i W ( Z f % ^ A ? (g. F. Rosenthal, Humour
sf^mr^m^^.Rit? c ^ R m in Early Islam, Leiden iS.ff>b), <nt mum
,^rito5?^mKf^ tnf% fms? ^^f?^ A!'ii<t'? <MR^ ? M T ? I vsiAtd?
fîjwtrt?
Worn <wUiwi ca?" ( f ^ a m , oo n) I m?Tif5RT ^tm i f ^ t r t ? f?tmmR? w m c ^ f ^ ^ f f ît%mR?
af^fft g ( i ) ^m<pf-'^5frm%T, f m F , ? R?, ???i^ iSios. f. ^t?; ai^tc^ c^jR mftRr^ 2(c5ti? ^?MAt m ^^Rmt; (cm
(A) R.A. Nicholson. A Literary History of the c?R 'iittm^ isnft'w-lii? mrni f?^ ?]%;:?>fi'3tG J t ^ ) ^
Arabs, Tr ggt, ii!>A ^.;() Encyclopaedia of "vsim? stf% 'srîRm 2ni*R ?#?rtcrf i ^s^t 'itAi? ? i i ? M t ? # fl=^
Islam, i i R^, mti:?5F; ( 8 ) ^, A? R^, m t c ^ is.ns. ((t) ' [ ^ ' f f ^ ^ f i f f f ^ ? ) l # 5 R m o ( i f f i , A l b , Rv, ?st?C?1, Ai'b, vSbb-)
Clement Huart, History of Arabic Literature. m^'\5-iii? aims ^^5f-'(it<ii*i-iii? fit^H^? wPi4i<)
i f e o i j 'f.; (b) *pR^, ^sfR? ^m^-^sTpotftm, mRi^ RtMHii'si% 'itr^^mmw? ?TTtit m^ A?, ^tw f^R
ti<=ii51 Rtc?5R
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Contents
C . E . Bosworth (g. ^ f # ) TOf? af4f*f 4f??Tf|cWT ^

TOT W T s r m -a tra ?T5f W T t W ^5ifR Rt%T fRf. ??i .a?;. W!P-'WRTO W f t w ^ ? M f ? # ^tc W ? ^l??t 4 R w r ^ I
t?f?TOts i W ? f f l ^-aTO RîyfD ^5i?wt " S ? ^ ^?4lM Rwb^lt
4Rc\s ttc? I 4 H t WR4t? ?R?TC^ RWf,^-tt?t't
f f <p1sR TOf%r Rkj^w? mi - a W ^ - W j f w l 'Q f 4 W f ^ - W W % T - ' W ' a T O -aW-WWR^-RspW
^'H'G ^'H'G .ot?lC4 ' t f W ? WoTST ^ R t ^sfg^gRc^ t ^ r ^ -aW^-WfW^, .aR'iR R w f ^ - f W W ' (Book of Bores-
W f l W -a wRi finite s t 4 M 4TO-fT#? 'st'^t i .at R?R4? <i9i>M <3f4); .at WoTffRWf^? FW .at R45f
2pTC5f f%?nwtw g t w .5tH-f^-'5%4 sfffs srm "f ^tiw? RtWWCSf? TWC R ^(?^1C^ W?f W W StCTOR I
W^-Wt?Wft? ?5fW tcWJR ^rat ? W ^?fC?; <)\snlw fid'SW
W^'W?P W^WR^-ltWW, R W T . , j . Hejrworth- Dunne, 4TW caff^^r: RTO '^^(r^ W t l TO, ^sfw? 1 ^ 4f?]t
London 1936, o ? ( f , W ^ ^ - T O f ' ^ , ^0^-8; ^ W W ^ -a (Wewtfl"^ % i W, ??< t?tw? '5fT:w Rî .at?if .a?sf^
ob-(f-lr; W n i f , i1o-RWT, 'S??;, Ai-=*., 1. (fo<^; ^RRo f ; R 'R<!W? R45f W W W?r?? ^t^tr? 'awt 4 ? i s r
W ^ - ^ ^ , w r 5 t ' ^ - M ? t % , id-ib; TTI^", ^ T O I , i b - t . , 1. ?5?t w R w w w ? fRs,'f4 .a W f ? J l f t W ? W 3 WtbW
i A - i 8 tnfw) 1 kt? f^RTOSRR.a sl>l'4|4 f^ ilbHl*! TO
.14;. .iit ^4=1 ^ ^ttw? 4RoPT!3? .a4l^ "wî r ; 4 W ? ? wRw^tw w ^ w : ^ W f ? i - W l ? w w ^ .a?# ?^TO
R ^ ' j ^ ?? .iR^ W R 4 tR:55?f t4T w R f r ( t 4 R , 4niM ^ t wc^ W W *(^^ ' w f t ? I .at m^ sfti^ wî' RsTOfc?
iJ4iA, S t . , }. iSb-), .iPRf4 t W - ^ ' s f ( W t 4 l ^ - ^^sft^l t^5tYW^ W W ? I ' W ^ - f W T O - . a ? ^ r s ^ ^ 4f??TC5'i ( 5 .
'G?11ST--?[5rr4JFl%f, i o S f f (., }. b-ff, i i i , i S O ) - . ^ ? ^ ? ! R T ? W W ) , 'stt^ ( R t a r i W ? WTO t ? W ^ - W f R - . ^ So1 TO
sT^W^tet? 4 5 T O % ^ ^51^3^ ^?nt^ mi t ^ .ift ^4=14t*fSlft ^ t 4 R y t C H I ? f W f R - t T O ^ 4 ^\si4|f?ll 4RW
>rî?w:"=ra ^t? TOg4?% r i % j 4 i4?if aroT? iI^Jiic^ WtjiR Wfpi-'W^?ff ^ W t^w-H ^'\siRf ,mi .at 4f?ct R R
W W W T 4C? I .at wTwra W f p - ' W R P T wmw ? R 4 t?'! WW ( H . Laoust, La profession de fold' Ibn
W ? 4 -^C CSR 4jR3F5t R|?H W I f4tiWTo->a? WRW Batta, Wl^fR4 iJ(fb- %, {. iHo) 4 ^ 'Wf?F? W ^ W ? ,
wrat S(ifi(,.s wR, T?t?T RR^ f^t R;2t? ?(tf5tw f^twcs'f 1 R R .ît C^fTO Rt ^'iRf) 'sn:?! tij ^ T O R # n w 4 R ? ! ( ; h i w i j
WtWra wRsRtiff I R R T 5 [ ^ ^SE't! W!%1 R?lH^*i TOt? RWTO m MK^ w ^ .at?if 'Sf^ RwwiR? r w t w t ww "^c
^tc TO (TitsR ? T W ^ w (?n;.?i I % W 5 ? f y ? i f R W f W 5 R 0 W f f t - ' W f W R I0.S31R4' 1??r? mom te,wtt
Wff'RR-'sppf WWH-W?rst (RR? ^pfTO ^ - . a ? cs^) %t RfRT I C?tf^^WfR4 t5RR4W:t? f ? ? ^ I r R S
318? w^<Rfc?t m^ c#54, ?5'n R f .a?# wa st^ ^ t TTO R^Tf?-?tWi 'WR1^-'51^5TR?ftT-C4 .?R gRRgTc?
4 R w R w f wwRR^-^'?iw ( s j I j S J I jjij-i) = R W m ? R B ? R f 1 ? i ? ^ ? 3 ? f T O , ^ f ? i ? i 4 W < [ ? - ? f ^ 'WW
c4f5TO:ii? ^R't< W5t) R R l M t w g R w ? t?k? tr^ 1 w f t f^tr?m w t - Rf?WWTR(?) RR-R[v|?I1C4 Rff?4WTR
W|5t.'.illH<)|>l .3 ^TTO ^51^?^ W f ^ - t T O ( W t - ^ , {. ^ ; W w : 4 f ? ( ? R f ? T ) t'af?^^ R w b i t TOf TO W .a?^ W W ?
w w f , r ; , , '???i, AO t . , H'i-b-)-.a? sn:?! 55i^Rs ?>twi4R Rlfc1-Wf?fRf 'dm- TO?t4t 4f?t? TO . i ^ f TOtt
^5t?s st#5!TO R R ?R '^tr^ ( t R ^ ) ft i R w ? 4Rw w=jfT R? c?, R R c?wRi I f4T| .sfipf R<)-?5'w
W1?H C? W?t .atsiW C?, -a ?TW'W (îftWol ?J^) ^ t ? t ?IftHWII I W?t ^T(-?TttJt- R W M ^ W W CStI!fRWTa?
^ [ R ? 3 ^ W S R 4 '51'jRft I W=^-^[W?t?^Rl?i? tIWWWC=T r R S f35 ^ t ? l t Wf^-'W3?tRC4 "^tft tllR afTO 4C? I
ôlfRs .at ? R W f 4 T O Wl5(-'Wi}?tt CTOtt ?5C?T, R R ^ t ?f ^3t^ .a ?t?eT-.a? \<<f(.% ? l f W R ? R f f ^ ajf^tSiW? ^ftlt
W4IW R # ? îR4 ?5W ?5R?i^ I t r o 'st^f R .at, sf^R '^^Rst^ ?? ?f?l? IRR 'i4fff-'fftRtt att)Iii(.4t tTO .at
w w w ? R 4 B WW? ?^TOf? CTt WRWI^ ?1t?K^ W?t Wops R45f ? 5 ^ 'RW TOf ? ^ 4 ^ ^ , WR W ? W f t ? TO ^^RR
^Pf^cf c?t m^ R???f w?tit? ?R?n TO ^Ji WW Tf%4f? ÛlR -^C W W ; ? R .at R 4 ^ WtR4T?I afffS
?f cWdBt tit? ^? 'Sit?! W ^ - ^ ? ! 4 R i - . a ? 1? R R R W T O R ^ attsj f^C4? .a?# ^lPl4l? aprs R l * R w H l W f l
^plTO .ilsR 'I? R???f?; aTojt?^ 4C?T W?t R T (C?5pl1^ ?54 r R fsRR W S f4W5=1- W ? l f f4Wf W?'Wf^-^^"5f,
w : ^ R r ? l T O ^tc "sifRo ??) w T O T f 4 ^ ist^ ? .ît R 4 ^ RfisTgR-'gTitf^ t W f t W W R ^ f ^ RT5?-W^ 'WW^-
splRifR I <ii<4!w ^^tro ?R <9\^\ ^Rs R5tf W R ' t W = f - ^ R
ttwftRsli:4t?
t.t?.A/iff
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Contents
ii8 W<pt-'W?TO W R - W 1 W t ^
t J l R w ? B.N. (blbiothe Nationale) [bbob-] W?'WTW, S>t., 'I. ob-; (io) R R ^ f , .bt., 'J. ?o?; ( i i )
^TSWl British Museum (suppl. Rieu. l'iff F.bustani, in DM., 8 t . , 'j. Sbîi-H; ( i ? ) M.R, Ghazi,
Brockelmann S.I.,os>.!j) -'^ i R f t?f=t-W%sf Wf? in Arabica, 8 t . (ihdH ^.), ibb-; ( i o ) Ch. Pellat, U n
TOT, RR W f Rt'TO-.a? Roi?pT-^R W5pn, ^ R ^ i c H
mi curieux ammuseur bagadien: Abul A n b a s
W==r-R"4^ ( W f l l p - ^ W s n , ed. Lippert, Leipzig iisoo vf., as-Saymari, in studia or in m e m . C.
8io) îiRjwm ^Rin'c^-T, R R WTO2f^ W'lât ^Rit Rsr w w Brockelman. Halle 1968, i o o - < l ; ( i 8 ) C.E.
arwR 4RTOIT1 m^ ^ R s w ^ p R5i-R'wRT-f^-.a?i Bosworth, The mediaeval Islamic underworld,
4c)^n> T t ^ R R w W T wi:^, R f wr?4 w R w Leiden iS-l^b, i t . , 'J. 0 0 - ? ; ( i f f ) -^rm w R ? 'W^âTO,
Brockelmann-.^? R W f W?"4TRT-^^'5| W?pT-'WT?tR T^rm t ? T tR?'T?? Wt-W1?Wft, in W^-
Vatican-.a tTO ^tfRRI^ R ' W f f ^ - . a ? ^m^, ^b t. (ii9<io-<l vf. ), Arabic section, off-ffo 1
^ T ^ f W SIM I ?5Ri^ :^cf^ VOIR:^ >j)0 Ch., Pellat (E.1.2 SuppL)/ W ? ^ WW
Wf'^-W'S'STOt, i A A i / i ' l ib-o.ij .ii4^?5Rp5 csijlR?WW

.at R R ^ TiFW^ RTF^m? mwi s t r o ^ r a , f s r ^ r o w?ggt?t?^'g?'twwt?^w#t?TW?ijW?t?Ri 'w?TO,stt^
TOrsnftws tww?.3 siwt WR RR 'WIRR ^ m^ ^lMlf t t ^ F I I WR-W?rW^ ^WRI^ ^< R^W^t' W
(TRffip^wRw R T O ^ mi mm W O T S S I ^ R H w^R^^hcf W T % I ' I W=T-?1TO t ? T ?st5W?t f W 'siR^ W ? T O R | R T f?
wt îtro^T I w?n?, ioA/'^'^ ww^T??, 18S) t w wt-TO?w?" w??r%
G. Levi della Vida, (Elenco di manescri pti ??cRwnwi3w? t R o TO wa?'5t?t ?5C?T .a?; 4it "ttw?
arabo Islamic! della Bibliotheca Vaticana, w t w ' -srtRw i ? w f ^ - W f Ab- w;^ 1WW5 t # w ? f ^
Vatican City, iS>off, Tl Sffff/b- -a !ff<l 1 .at 4 W ?Rw cTOtT ?Rt ?5i I .at ^fTC^ R R m Rtjt RtTOW S R I
RrR W^ -St sm^TOTWt (R, WWW? R4^ RWf WfR-W5WCT? Sim W W ^ ^w?mw?c?s T ^ ' f e t I?TR
^Rci.^-5i.^ m^ R<4WT ? R n ^ mi TO^?^ W S R T ?Rt I ' w ? ^ 'Jwtm ^ttw? WW ' w ? 5 W ? t ? T "Wf?
WfW'W?-.a? .a^f^ tl?lf?W^'Sr^ W 4 R I ^|W!l t W ' s i f T O iRbiiHifw 'WTO TO' R^Rcf Ht^t 4 R W m (^mm.-^
^^Qjit CWT ?Mt RWTO w t '5?^ ioA/W^plft Hdo) I ^ s f ? ^trot t ? l 4 , RRw -a R M R
4 W TO, W f s ^ - ' ^ H I I W ? ^
"f?wtR?> 'st?tR tWW c?R^ f R s i wiR? 'siRi'lf) I ^sw^â R R Rft?TO'a?lw?fWTOw R ?5i I TO-aTO R T C ? R ? '^J^
R w CWT ?^C^ 'StR^tlt RCWT I W?t t?T WW TW? (fW^W i o / W 1 % , Hdo) ^ f i S R t R t w R ^ ?îW fW 4?T
R W M M I ?W? 2fr?m%W ' o t ^ ?SRWRCWT I (R 'WTO' TO I ^wRs-iii twt ^î?w (s.)-? R R ^ 2 t t ^ * 5 % t arw?"^
?^Rwtf tTO w w R f ^ R r o i T w?iw?t W5 mm TOtiWT4?T?tWf|5i I .at?Rtt?I?5'aRRTO(RRwt?ilt?t
iwt^ (Rf?" fft. <ilf'S*)-WTO iwt<p mm (RiwR^ ? T R ^ fR?TR5=f WW ? ^ W ^ TOWR RSH ?RT I RsfftW ?^W^
R ^ w ?Rlt?t ^tTO ^ W R W f t ? W?5tw1^ RRt ^RsrtciT, stRR^tt st?c=f R! ^ , w * t i w?? wft f?5t (H.)-.a? R S W
TOK W f ^ - ' W T ? 1 R ?'RtWlt -a W R 4 I t ? I ^ R R ?'RT T5tf^ ^ f = f I .atttW'W?^[W?t?T ' w f Wf,^W?TR aJR b-o
?5R?tr^, R R >s 'ajRf?! c t W t T O f W ? ^^c R ? R f m w-?lf ?i <tjf^c<ti ?jt 4c?T .a?; 2tfR;W "sRwif ^ R r o
W R ?1W?TOtfRwS5 ^ f t T O t ^ I f W f t .il?s^ ?ft?i: f r l ^ W?IW? TJW3? ^f? T i ^ T O W R W f l i R T I WoSf? ^
W?1 I 'at ww:f R R ^siRw Î^W? ^ f j i ? W R W W W "a W W ^ ^fTR? I ^ t ^ e R W W tTR ?? I f^, R t W >3
C'tWTO 'SIWRTWRW;=R '>[R5''tWC<P WTOTI TOtWWttWwa ^stgaif RBW ^ I tW WW ^W?TT t f W W ? TO?R^n35?
WW4 ' S R ^ ^jT^W? w mi f?T Rwtw?s ? f w ? Sf? TOWTO 4?t ?? I Rt ^54^ W ^ WTO ' w f ff^t ?t^S5|Rj|j
siRcW?5}?cf W?TO 'fW t?lt fl^ ^tro 'SRI ?Clt I f ? ? ^ w?îfw?t4 Tsi<R R?i%i t?t s^c ?1^ ^ t r o W T
ar^-tit s mm ^ f sf^t?^ ? T # o g. ( i ) w'1?TOWf, (R w i T ^ i w ? ^ ?? .a?5t *RW? ? ^ w ^ w w f w w w t
Wftt, it., Aob-; ( A ) W t ? I W R - f ? - ^ , R ^ ; (o) R ^ , ? R I ?? I ^foW?. ioo/'lffo-ffi WR f ^ t W W ? f ^ ' R W f ^RtRsr
WÎ-ÎW^-RRR-'Q'WW, 'J??i^ ioS>o/ iS>=lo, T^ ioi; ( 8 ) f t t r o "Wff % ? R f W (R R(iil?Wf W?t W t ? R ? T I
t f f ^ - ' W p t ? ' , TOT?5"t ff; ( f f ) W ? f W f , 5'Wt^, oS>o; (b) .ii^tfrww w ? ^ f t Rww w W?TOTOi?1tf ? t
C^t?5, f'Q?tWTO', AVff; (<1) t w i W f f R ? f , g^. o t . , 18; f4Rtf?R 2tTO alTO ^?t (RSH WWW? ^ptWT ^W?Tt -a
(V)Suter, Mathematiker, Leipzig iioo, oo; (&) ' w f t f f t m ? ^ : ^ f r ^ TOR I fta TOfJrR^ e îvR^
t t w f lâcw?
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Contents
W^<|C-tt^ sum mm W l R ^ "^R^ 'srfiW? ?5ferrfeH ^ a R I AtR^ i ^ " ^ '5?^ S I ^ H R H J I R H , iSRi

C>iR5t=1 I ^ÂR RTSl %?R I ^f%^ RSrc^ ^5tAR %T
^t^lR=i î<w[^tt ^ 'spt^ vstAlCT?^ R ^ -pRiiiRcq'i I (RtRRs I f%5T ^sig^wRR R R ^ î&<w, Rra's ^ -^p?
M\ v[>iPiwiPicv? f M I fef%^ R T C ^slj 'TâtA "^RRt (T^ RpR^ll JTR I ^5lAR
S P I - ^ ^ I R ? R ^ (soff/nffA-o) R?tR RtRtA'-'^ RigtA'T"^ ^ t ^ ^ R S ^ O R ^ - R A R ^ S Sfsnms ( R T R O R t t w g ^tô^Rff TJo^
R ? ^ ( R t s|sR mc^^ 'J^s A ? ^ feP^ A ? I R^ *RCT? ntitiRR ^sTtmrsin ortr^ i ^ I A R Rtn^ ^
^sn^-^simtOT? ^<J<IAR> tc? ^ t A R ^^mR^nft ^ - s T H ^ t ? i p T - ? t w R - ^ ? t srp 5i^Rs<( RtifRR RsjRr^ f R I w , "Q^
(g., '^f^ 'Jfhc R#?J ' R W t R^FfoHR 4l*f1><l Aff I vsjR-mmit mw R R tRt& I
^5rR^-^5tR?lR "^^-fA^ SiDib/ ^ TO ^ - ^ S T R ^ R '"fAiR ?t??tTRtr?sR
((RttHRRR^siRIR ^?mR^ ^??Rmf|i?R) t % ? ^ I ^5tAl?
^5ft^-*wmm ^ " s n ^ '^Mfitgit*. (g. ^
C ^ 1 ^ a m f ? R T W I'^'f^^lAR
? I % - ^ ' T ^ T C ^ >lfJÎW
ItAlt)
^sf^^ *tPRRlR <IM1<I"^W ^5lAR ? j R l ^ ^s?1 ?5^tfR \sTAt
>lf^<^vaR<J WRT "JTR m I iR55rt f^8RC=TO "JTR (R, ^ f A R
4X11) S t?^ '^M^ R f ^ (^.-A8o/brff8) "i^P^ âtRra ^ ;
m'RiTOi^5rR?#m='tmîtR^ 1 ^ ^ t c ^ ^sntFi^t^TiR % R Rc'Stct' ?R,AtRR OMM Rt^sm <rRRt mR ^ R r ^ i % R
^4 ij7nR "^tRt^ AS iflRi ?rNtFR?5 âltîf^ *tR?i ?R tAiR? (?tt^ feR I R R I?M!R t^tpt-^'^TR
sfsR fef*RR#^ R?nn ir5, mAi ^ - R R ^ R - ^ ? îmîMM
(g.)-'ira 'iR? ftmiR mfft <t>Rc^sF ^g??. ^tAR tî 'WR^lTA^
^RifSvs AS I R t ^ f|!?R I 1??^ m^ R R ''oiRiplA? W R R ? 'S
af^tft s (i) ^TtOTtft, ^-'srM^R^-R'SRt^ (Gulrgass); \ttARfesf? 'iR? 'S ar^trR^ f|!?R I R R ^5tAR iRw? 2tR
(A) (o) îmft; (8) 5rf5%f, R R ^ ; (ff) ^ 1 1 ^ TOtRr^ ^RvsmîCAî ^ûm ^ R ? R feR RtRi:^ RimRi^
Tables; IB) Th. Noldeke Orientalische Sklzzen, ;flR^ t A f -*Rc\s R R t R R ^ ^ s m n R ? ?5R^ w t
118-21; (n) J. Wellhusen, Das arabische Reich, ^pRmftiPR I ?5R t A R ^ stR?R ? # ? I t % 5 R I s t f ^ t W
3 3 8 - 5 2 ; ^ - R t W t A ^ttRR'tC^g. (b-) H.F. Amedroz,. R R ^ t f (Classical) 'WR? ^ t|j?R f^STOfCA
in JRAS. O n the meaning of the Laqab ^ t s R T ^ - ^ " ^ 'tiAR *Ki:<^ W R R ^fs" <Mwj< ^pRR
As-Saffah, 1907, 660-3; ^mrRl R ^ g . ; (S.) S. ^s,Y^ ^Rrar ifii^ srfsRt <'f.<R i ^ttAR ms] %r (R^W^
Moscati, ii "tradimento" di Wasit, in Museon,
i^R)AI*lR^ ifl^^MiZ'tîJ R f Rst 1S?rRS>^*t^ (Classical) i
1951 % 177-86; ^mrnmm^TÔIMUM^3. (So)
^ttAR mm ^#?sR^ ^ ?'j%3 ^ ^raRr, ?R>s
(R"!^, La massacre des Umayyades, in Aro, 1950,
\s'|(A<lC<t RWt*R ?#?It ^5tAR Ît?!^ C?5R ^?*t W I R R
88-115; (SS) 1^ studi su Abu Muslim, 1-11
(RW,
ft'S?rt "SR m I R ' A R I , ^ - ' ^ C'^. A 8 ) ^ttAR f ?iR Soo 'T^st
Rend. Lin 1949, 323-35, 474-95; 1950 %, 89-105,
5|#r ig^^ tAir R I A ^ - ^ ? ^ - A T R R ^-Tpni'^-^?
and ABU MUSLIM s R ^ i
S. Moscati (E.I.2)
^5tt?[R-'6||4|RAI^ '^^W^ RP5^^ R R R R RspstTR tRR^ I
Jl 1)8
vstAR stR R ^ ?5tRlft ar^^srtlRft AS, (g.) Rivsj^vs-milA
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^5TAR ^ffwm (Prolegomena)RR#? 'mt? WH-'5rt==R
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AM^TIR, St., Sffff, ibt., 1. OS^b, Tt^ Âlr^
?tsRlRtc?5R
ôtAtl^ vi|>S^vsld<l mRR (3.:a.l)?RraT?4R W t ^ ? l 1 C l ; (o) t?^
^srt^-'^srr^ '<5rt^"srm ( j _ ^ i ^ L ^ J I ^ I ) 8 [ t ^
(8) ^ ^-ônrm, i'f., b-a; ( a ) ^^^-^[''m,
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Contents
ôtTOT, i'0(t-b; (b) R A R ^ , 'Â-O, A08; (H) wmif, t ^ sriRTO W!P-W?^STO W R - W ? W f m R ^

it., % S.b-; (b-)TOPft,p R ^ - W W f , oob- R?^; (S.) , l?4of ?jR^ I
l ^ T O M , Wirat iS.v!5i-ff, i t . , ?o-i; ( i o ) TOfWf,
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Slane, At., aa-x (iA) ^ ?Tf%'? WM-twtWf,
^pKm, it., ioA; (io) 'W?R?tf?#, t ^ R , it.,
(W) t?T W f W .ilt W ? f f ? TO.^t ^ R m ; ^ I Rfr tf?iff5i
ffS.; ( i S ) t n ^ , f^RR, ot., b-oA, St., Hhb; (iff) t f f t t ,
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ioo-i; ( i ' l ) f?lTif, R r o r , .fat., b-ff; (ib-) Brockelmann, .at t??f^'i ?'Rf 4Riic^H ^TO tfT w f ^fTO '^t': mi Rfr
S I, iJsff; (is.) C.E. Bosworh, The Tahirids and ff? RW W f ^f^TO '?tc W ? t ^ W f ^ - W f a T O W^-W?Wf
Arabic culture in JSS, i S t . (iiibh), ffb-; ( A i ) J.E. ttc w f ^ .iit?ifs mm WfST-Wfi'GTO w ^ - w f w f (W)
Bencheikh, Les voies d'une creation, Sorbonne ?1^^W? (R)-.ii? WfsH Rw Rfr <]I?iW't, "?5rTO W O T ?
thesis iSs'li % '5KR#t, i o b - 9r$^ i m^ '^rraf m^ x^-m t r o i"
Ed, (E.1.2 Suppl.) f1?W C^m sr^f # 8 ( i ) t?T ?fW?, W ^ - t t T W , St., ff i
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TO W?W t ? T Wff? ?RW ^ t Wa?f TO l W ÎTtW?
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w f ? tl<p|p|c=i .'1? ?1^[^pt? (t)-'a? f w s R TOtf W f WHfH
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^ t ^ .at W^^SWH ^TO (W)-.a?t f5lWW?5M TO Tit i ioov/ivfeo-fei ^. R R ^ mi fRn ?'s?ra Rtr
t t w f R^wt?
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?n?ratr .ij4 t c J H w ? wr?iwT ?5ra^ I ^^ti: W W t t w f ^R?n

^5tc RrR R^RiRW^ c^po^'f ( W t r o ?5C?T I .at
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'W?53-?t?TO ^ ^ - ^ W ? f 4 ^ 4 it>i8 -^ti: i{9?o T # >Q?tWtTtR?Jt ( W W . 'W?^p?. w f W<p-'W?lt5F), W?C?t W . R.;
fiTWRo) 'WR -WfWfR-'gW'S'sWW (WWR4 WasW, it>?(f ( o ) f >QTO ( W W . -spnWff W ^ - W % w f Wf5I-'W?lt5I), ?5t?at
ttc iJÂ'i mi w;? iJsA'i ttc iÂi R ^ srwR '^tw W.R. ( m i m e o ) ; ( 8 ) W-lf?5-t^-'WWR?Tt (RWt. TO'-^ff
v^^'hiH w?-^ w w R o , w?'?i?w- wwsRjfw? m^ ^ W?pf- 'WWtst). ?n?M i o ? v / i t > i o (RR^ WfW? t R o
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2t?stR5 ?? I R r o f R n ^ f R R ? tR W T O 2f?^ ^ T O ?s!?t'=t (b) -sWRlt^ twîR^-^Tf^, <>m<\, W . R . ; .at 'dR?nR!r4
it9it9-.a? R?RR? R'l? R R wtRt?tfw? =iw? RR .awsiw w?ww? w R w ^t;: TO Rc ?tc? I t?t f^TWiR? w w ,
?3c?T 1 .at RWR Rf^ (2twt? wt I i{9?8 ? o WlWR?5 w?'TO w f (TJ. iVt>o) ?5f4 RRo, RR "wf f r g w ?
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t R W f R^CW?
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m^ mwm wps-\5T?#a vsiAiw mAttt ?RBn ^^Rmc^ i

^srfw? S d j R t ar-îRfvo 'Rmif R ? . ^ ^ ^ ^ 'i^m ^ t T , ^5rRcT-wt?^'tci? tiai ^-'5rf?^'T5i -a ^-'5rt?^"ti
^-mt^ ifl^ ?T% m:?^ I c?Rm rH-wt?^Ti ^ - m ' f ^ ^
m i ^snrgtPi^ A? I ( i ) ^ttAt? ^rara \satjife wm s. Rrm? m i '^m?^ mm^, ^ RR mAi% Ra^r m i
5r^f#t 8 ( i ) t ? ^ ATSft?, "SIFT-tîm, R r ? i O A b fA., S t . ,
f%-voT'n"a^f^-t*i'=ii^ -ft t i R ? , ^^mrat w . f ? . , i s o i (b-) 'J.ff1
^ - ' w i m t w i \sift?5R tR>ji m ^ RiR\s R??f -a ^m-Q ^58 ^5At^ *fiStj^ ? A 1 R
^5rf*[^ ^îjg? w m (Rt^ F. de Jong, Two anon3mious ^srt^-'^srtmR ( . - . j j J i j - j i ) 8Âim^ t?F \stfti t?F^smsj
manuscripts relative the sufi orders in Egypt, in ^-vsiffft ^nsm^m^-iii? â^wF mf%^ A"tf^R*tm,
Bibliotheca Orientalis, xxxii (1975), 186-90; (S.)
tlÂI>lRî "a ?sR 1 if]^ Tfm^ ^m?? lR<4lc<i? ftm^
'WmRr?tJ! ^slft^n m ^ g. J.S.Trimlngham,
(^tlAt? atf^PatlA f^^fFR-ia? flc^R, f s R ibo/nSsti. TO
Islam in the Sudan. London 1949, 239.; ( i o ) 'im
<>'i?i<ii?H g t ^ w ^ la?^ 1 ? ? ^ ?nm mmrtw^ ?nmmT;?
Rr-aRf^''T^lr^ g. J.W. Mcpherson, The moulids of
iJ>$J<l?)f W ^ ) I WgR-^5n?T? Affo/biJsS -a AiJao/bno TOT?
Egypt, Cairo 1940, 140 ff; ( i i ) '^mmft iRmig? ^sjR^
1'0?# ?5Tm ^Tsmâm^-ii) ^sppJAt W ^ l f%R f?f%^ f^l-spc*??!
^ r s r m i # g f^trara ^g^^ ^ RiatA -a t m w ? afRRlft
f w 5 -^tc^ 9m m% W F iflF?^ t??f ^îm ^m's ?^ ftw?
Leiden R t R i T P r a m%3ltoo sffeaplRspj ^??1w RtlA l
f^-f ^sT^stAt (^mim t ? ^ ^mff m?Ti w h -
F. de Jong. (E.I.2 Suppl.) csjt i R ? ^ t ' i m i
<i='i?iii'am#? m i f?ctm5!c? S m t w m ) 1 f ^ "^pff^fte? R?c^
^5rr^T-'rr?pn* ( j . n j ^ o s i A ' w g t^g^-îRw wi;m%T-iflF? RctjicA 'sr??^=f w ^ 1 w i f ^ ? 5 r i w af la?^
t?^ m ^ t ^ mRra t ^ ^gmsiH ^ - A t R t f t ^srt?!!) im? 'S^R ooo/tsiSff TO tfai<M=1 W ^ I f ^ ' A , A t ^ "a t f ^ A l R f w ? (R
m R R w 'a ^ I f%t^ is.o/b-o(f m m ^ - ^ m i - i g ^[^ ^5bm ^lAI? a|f% viiiMiRf^, vs^sg C^R^T ^T?T^To'^mm'
wmtAf (^srm? i ? ! ^ rH--?rrmm "^tx^ w r t s R tl>3ir*'?TT ? f ^ ^5ftr? ? R r T S f t t R I R A? I tAf ^J-Rm-aTTR 'a
<>RiiiRwH) <]>i?icvo afRmRris A F I c'itmpT R R sjRra R>SR>(-'iR i ^ m : t ? ^ t R ^ m^ # ? F - f s i m 's^ r^^^r
imR^ ^ %<m\ ^ - ' s r m t , wt^m?^ ^ - ^ a t m i f t arart?. ( ^ . -a S[Armg t ^ c r o ? [( Cheneb) Classes des
^tc^ R w m 1 R i m i R w t ? m;m c^?^ savants del Ifriqiya, Algiers 1915-20] 1
imRg R m w t m:?^, ^^-^jRr^ ^ mT?ra c^^-a stRra ar^tit 8 ( i ) T t A t f t , W f % m , O t . , 'J. i o f f ; (A) t ? F
I ^ - ^ 1 % ^ t m ? ^rtRpT-'^5ti?im mi?s fm?^ *M?Aw, "fmw, 'J. A ; ( ) t<R m#, m'^mf^, o t . , 'j. sa;
anr^ \5tm?'I'tr^ W W *r5m?^t?^m ?c?F, mm?'TO^ ^?ti^ (8) t ^ m??, iplAmRl ( B A H , ix), A S s n . o o i ; (ff)
Rs^sf<pT-^t1%5 t R ^ A? i'âf^'aw<pT-'^tT5im??#ot?# 'W^-'smAAl?, "siFT-îmsM? ^ - 1 R ? 1 # , A? '^t?im its.88
^?,m^ A? m t I R R ^^.'R ?m?r ^ ^ m m^, ^ s t ?
R R m i m g TO w ^ , R s f t % R îtm? <>\^\c^ smms^ w f C.H. Pellat (E.I.2 )/-^ ^y^^
iflF??. \5m? AbA ^"tm A b ^ m?T tl%?^ W ^ I
Wt^-'^SfKT ^-^'^Sfmft ( t ^ ^ l ^1) 8
ar^t#t 8 (i) ^ - fw^, 'J. iAff; ( A ) t < R m % # T ,
^ ' I R t ^ '*ll>lR?tlA t ? ^ ^ m ^ l R (OHsO-88Sii/feno-ioffn)
^^mr -biff I
ia^sR'm???sR m'*ffF?s I w ^ o-bo/ssno m m ^mmcffR m^T^
C. Brockelmann (E.I.2) -575^ f i m i t%
m'î??i-$-j-îR mi?5 ^ I f%R f l m n ^st^-ia? atRre cttca?
^5rr^-*iK<*'li j ^ i ) 8 ^ - f - m ^ (m), mRs (lat cmcg? trt^smm ? T f w i ? g. ? T f ^ , ^'wrsp-
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vsn^-ofR^ I^ ''5rt# ^ - w i m # ? m ^ , 'Rs^st^-tt-amR ^mapict \5iAi? mi ^ m? i f % ^ ^ t ? RR m ^ sri
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vsiAici? w R m ? ^5fnR->iî?<>'iw? m i ^ t ^Rmr^^ ifr?i Rc<StC}> ' R m "SRIW? ^^TFR g?^T? lRc^ mr?R I f%^ ^5tAR
"^f^^tf^ % t f^'siwa 1 ^ ^-s?it ^ ^^tm^ "R'aî w T R ^ ^stm^
t'imfff?tc^
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I A O
mms At*iif^=i I ^ R R ^5TAi? R??%^ wtim?
lift ^stl^p-*^ ^ ^ C t m îtAt? CTTt f g ^ M f e O o f%f^ R K t m t ^ flcm, ^3W?, 'iim? g8t-?Tm? i m ' m ? ^
c ? s m t g^^w-'^smTf mt I >at 'wra ^ttm? ?m%i-ia Im? ?i%n mt^ 1 f ^ lat m?sj fSf^s^s^g^ps f ? w e m ? 'rft
armt m^m m? i K sw*t m?=j Rrnim mcs ?i>iit=i a|(Rtt ? # U 5 ^ , mm ^sj^tft w t p s ? ms?^ ^"^(.4 ^lAK mR mif
wft?i?5 fb^-ioRm? R'^fi? f%^ i ^ l i R ^. ^mm A'm?^-ia?
'rft ^ t i m t m 'srtimo ^sim? (?m?5'fimw ^5n?ff m f t c w
m ^ 1? tl^<M=i w ^ I ^srm? ^ R I ? ? -^FstpcK* mit?f?^ ?f%t tm ^f?c^ mR 1
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ftRf? wm g. E. Littman, Semitic Inscriptions, (^) ^-R^*fSJl^, ^ft<p-'^ tAti^ â?!]^ -âi^ ? ^
t?r^ is.08, % iirs. 1.1 f?mA ^,mm?R ?i? ?Rrai ^ t 'I'Rsic^') I f?5f tm RR5^-mmi sw^ ât
( R t c9i^#T ^sim? <p<5M?i ^Foipoic<|j ê,êf H;?! m%m m?m ?Rt aisifD?t ^?,t?ict ?TttitRrm5 2Wtfm Atmr? (g. ?iA"
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n M M ^ 8 ^m^-'^mm? ? M t ? ^ ^ ^ . t j 1 ' ^ t ? = T '^mmwR (o) VSFH-gsRmro m ^ m-m ?Fimi (mm i b - J S I , (RNit
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(1^ w R m ^ sfTO ?5f?mr^ (g. Margoliouth, Index W p i - ' w r R ( T i t Rsra ^^f?w m t i R f ^ ttsftA, mrnc^ 2(Rf^,
librorum Abu'I-Alae Ma'arren Cent, de Amari, ^fwr ^-m-m-m^mi-ii? ^ Rtrg? ^sj^^mi f^rf^ <t?iic^
iiio, i t . , t.; wm? îPi<t=i!^?] ^ m i w t m T f n k ^<t^ att%ft (sftc?s? ^|f*psic ?c<=f? V3)>2jjRoi m ^ Atsic^ I
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I %ftRr^ atr^ ^m^-'^mm? R a n 5 ? R R?,w=t, ^mrnm ioib(2-, A i v , A^Î t . ) 1 i^tisji^
mfRiRt? mi ^cgt ^ ^stmcA 1 tmw? icm ^siR?sf??^ g ^ m 1 Ii<p15 ?5Rj-R?^m, ilAlcw m'^ff^ ^f?^ "^R ^ <t>RstC6l 1 C^=RI
? B H M ' ^ 8 ( i ) m^^-mmf, ^m?cm i o 8 f t . , ^ t R^R ( R f f ^ mTief,
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w ? f f ^ iAb-^b ft.; ^ m^'? 15^ t m ^tft?-'^? *n?A, mil^wiiR ^tm? R'R'^t ia?i lat f?sc? f%R t#? ^ m r R
m?^'-'H^? m^Tf^-mm?, ^^ws ft., ^^tmm i o 8 ^Rsif^M-^ I f%R 'i^^^C'i? ^ ^tc^ R^,/5tam vSjj^^?
i ^ A 8 ft., iAîb ft.; ?i5; m?#i-mmf, i-8t., mm ijH^ft m=R <pR?ii(,î I
is.8(2--is.8b- (RT^m^' tA"m m^ ^snf?5T-'WTt, R^tn-A) 1 t m m s m m ^ 8 (I) Rs^m^-^R -sm^-tim^ 1 âtar^mm?
^5rP3R-'^5rim? fmw? ?<m r5mff ât ^m?T R??55Tm^ ^sim? ia?5f^ "5R^ R?SRt m'sm m? (g. A . flscher, Der "Koran"
(RRJT?mR ?fF5 I ilt R?,'^TO 'iStm? C b K ^^'f? ? m R f^PoR des Abu'I-Ala' al-Ma-'arri Berichte uber die
ij'îc^ ?f5^ ?sR\sT mtmg ^^m? msra m ^ MÎI1 ^ verhendlungen der Sachsischen Akad. der Wiss.
mtmi? I R w t f l 5 c ^ (PW'hm ?5t%ff w mjRj ?SRvst zu Leipzig Philol.-hist. Klasse, Leipzig 1942 Part
'T^smfiro Atmr^ I ^5im? (Rt?F?5i%^ R I f?i?t^ f?mi? R?=I 94, voL 2) I g ^ T mf^sj f^S?^ tm'a<Pf5 afi I
R R f f R ; f ^ fff%? f ? m ffaR^*j41 t ? R f f mm ?5m?#? (A) mRtt^ 8 f?f%g St^n^ 99^ ^m^-'^Ht? fsf^mss?
i o R R i5ttI?fB\s sfiRtt T O ?Rt m? I iat gf^fsR:^ îm? ia<pi^ Ri?s5H I t^tf^ ra R??55n?ra, ?m s ?iRit*t rif?^-''5iim
^fmm w t f t ^ xp'R ? S R b r i c ? j t? m<^ t f M ^ a ? ^-m'îKj-si, m?A mtN wif%#, ???i^ ib-s.8, t?!:?# ^ s f ^ ,
m I Mf5i=i* <M^^Tf'sf% cm m ?SR ^jjt^ m f t R w ? D. S. Margoliouth : Letters of Abu'l 'A. of
s(t?m^5i?5 ^î%iR ^sRic? ?fw'2tmtA I R ^ "Wîii ?f^*jtc^, Ma'arra, t A R Rf% Rim^ (RtiSP? # ? f l R A mtc^lF
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tmr:^ (TT>e-?n m n 1 t^s^
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WfR-'WRt t^^RiCt t"=tJ ^fetC^rT I t?lC1? siCtlT ^ f W t l T wsfr^j? ?fw R:4 R w ^fwr^ atR TJ^T:^
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ii><to, t ? t .a^f^ R ? ^ ' ^ I TOItW tSfB W#lfm WWiW W R f t ? anst ^"ffW 4R*llW la?^ f^wt'^TO W T O RillCH i
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Blachere, Ibn-al-Qarlh et la genese de I'Epitre du ( t ) RWW^-WW>T, W^ Wf^ ' D w f RWWfR-
Pardon d'Al-Ma'rri etudes islamiques
(1941-1946), W T R R i-iff I W#lf5t1^ R R C?) t ? W W ^ - t t f R W^, W t ^ f w f , a"i8->jjio),
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t?t? 51MI4H TOW 8 ? 8 / i o O O WW? C*t*ificiH|^=i-'9-TFTO I lilt WCt Wf^-'WW t^jTO-ia? tR?tt?? R?w IRR? wck ww g.
^ ? W W ? âW^ W?t (i>8S ? 8 )TOTt f T 4lR?C<t> "WWR-t ?l^-' 8 -g^'wTilsi-^WW, of., 'J. i H f f - ? i ; S. D.
' ^ w - i i i ? t^? ?s5it?Tc^, ?R R R WW? wcw^TO ?R Margoliouth. Abu'l 'Ala al-Ma'arris
R?ra? 2fR R ; T O fiTWR ^Ryic^-T i liit Rww? R R wT5[T, Correspondence on Vegetartlanism, JRAS, i>s>oA,
Wt?l^ W W 4 f t r 4 .iTO R 5 'gRm ?R?lriT WW ÎtTT 'J. ?Slr t.) I
R^WW^Ro? I 'WWsi-t % f TO t 4 ? W*t^ WTO lilt ?'Rl1^ (5) 5[^W^.3Tt%T 1^-?TR 'Q?t?-f^ ( t ? ^ e p T ^ 8 ? T T O
4?(W2t^ I litt RWWS t W # ? ?5RTO(Dante)-? RWT ? 1 W f 'W?^-?T??T?, W^--54Wf?t, i A J t t ^ i o ,
WW Divina Comedia-? R???f? tft ?tlt W f l J ?1Wt^-fWWT, an^ t ? , ^ t , 1. Ab-o-?S.S.) I tgj WRJ?
4?T TO I ?W mm C W f ? WRst A.^ Palacios siWt fRIC? 1^lf5| lat i?WTO ^(RTO WTl?W WfC?? WftW
W??Ttlrf (g. M. Asin y Palacios musulmana en la RR^ R?c? ^WRR ?RiTE51
Divina Comedia, Rsl?, is.is>; 5r#? t l T R # W f W g H . Wf^-'WTO ?tl tgj fiTO w=t;4?'=t<i,< W R I ? wt? I ^5t?r?
Sunderland : Islam and the Divine Comedy, t ^ tw ?bTO5 'Qil>4*o4 Wtf?%T ?tW W8?ff ?itc? W 1 ^gfR
Lxindon 1926) C?, Wr: 'ST?!? ?stWI? R???f WfR-WW? T?I? ?^Rt?^ 'STRRRS R R t?1%^ 2tW? ' ^ - R ^
W?Mi^tc 5j?t 4R?ic^H (ât R*)c?)? ^silwiHl? wwg. M. s-tRolTO ?s^R 1 t W RT?^ RWff?.WWT5TO W R 4 wl^îW?
Asin Palacios, L'influence Musulmane 'dans la ?W ?t?li:^ I latww #t?t? t w ?MT W i : ^ lat t?^^!
Divine comedie, historire et critique d'Une Wt^RW? R?WT W 4?T '5tWfithl^'n-'9'f<llC1'fl.WT??5TO ?J^
Polemique, Revue de Litterature comparee. vol. 'Tf??lR R ? W ? ^fflR 4?T RSt? W I W^-'WW .
4, is>?8, i^Si t . , O'bSil., ffOHt.) 1 Rft? W*f at^rsiWtiR? RR^ 4R? W W t?4WR? w?? 1%ft?t!:^, 5'?iw? Rcw
W T O I twr t w ? ^ t?#w?t? ww: W?T?S w t r o R??. R ^ I W R W5TO R # W?T TO I
?1??tcî ( i ) w?? %3?t1wt-wrTOrr' (?) W f ^ - ? T % T w??- f^S?TR
(t) RwwfsT-wwtw, R^RH f < f # littatn? f fRw? wRsf-mifg w ^ T - f ? ^ (v?wi>i 'wggw? wî-wgtf R?,^t,
W?f www? t f ? M W\ 1 ?SC?4WT WRsi tw 2t?5f*f.'W??TR?R Wtw^ iffff/iS>'i)) I t?jt 'W?^-'4Tf^ W^-WWTt% R?TW
(g. Krackovsky, Tasr Trude. Inst, vostokov. AK. (?t, b^)5}r^:^lft^f>si?tf5r-f?'^5l<Rt??" 1
Nauk SSSR III, 1932, ?nRT f w f , 2tT>8^ y\im% % Wf^^-'WRt? ^TO W#tTO ?JTWC? *f?^ f?C?Tft Woiô'i
88^-8=18) 1 io'bo/is.ss WW littRTOTT? <ii?si^ W f R R I t R r o R ^ 4?T TO I lat ?TTWC? tiltlilR* W W W R 4 WWtWT
ww Rwc? mi w^RRI^ a[?iwii w%t W R - w ^ f "Î^ t^lWlMl^ ?t?lC^ I C4? C4?'t?lt4 RSfR TO <>R?lHfe,H, WTO
RWW^-WWtW, t^W^-W?!^-tW^ Wf?5t-'WW WW C?5? C4? t?lC4 R # 4 ' ^=l!?R' W R W W W T f W W?WC^ I
s J W R s ?t?)IC^, Wf^R4 iS.88 ( W ' f ' W | R - W ^ % - % f C ? % w t JtffR W t 4 t CWRt^ ?^<?WJ? RSTR I t 4 f ^5T?t?
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t t w f R^sicw?
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f^5 ^srtgrf? %r ^stRsrt? i wta? rc5i^ C ? S R
(^-m'mg^-^5iTEp?t#, mR*r?5, mw^'^m^-^HlJpn-m^Rnm);
citR[^ c^mit i^sipf f|5t m, ??i^5fAt?^t1% %r
(ff) ''siHuci-'w^ ^ - - s f t s p g ^ ^ - m w ^ , ^srr^-''msn
(RIR? f&m*(M T t r ^ m m *rci îgstw^ I
-'smm tm?lA, ^^t?im iAtr; (b) wr^'m^^sn^? mm,
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*f(?eft, #?w? mm 'Stnj=i\oi, gst-gifm, ^ m - ^ w t t mîvw
^ m ^ - ' ^ 'mR-m'^m#, mmÂ, Rf?^ "sm ^*îmA, MM
R#m mit 1 m g ? ^mm? ^^rm? g?mT? wm f?m=ftff
iffs. R.; ('I) -fifait, A'tfi^-m'^5n?m, ^??i^ j>s.88; (b-)
R?mT ?#m Sffcs mra m i apmrn^ R?.-fc?i? fm:?^ jjtRs Brockelmann, 254-255: Suppl. i , 88J-8ff8; (J) H.
i^tc^ mi^ I ^5im? '3% gRm m^ mmmc? A?, ^ Laoust, .La vie et la Philosophite d, Abul Ala'
al-Ma'arri, Bulletin d'Etudes Orientales. vol. 10,
'mmA tmi^ t'wm? W I mm l i M ^ m ?5c^ ^ - ^ t m
1944,0.119-157.
'srraiA? R??,f^ mîA R?t? ^ A? I m?m1t
^"mg ^mR*f (m. m. I.) / la. I I R . ^S^. m^fsi? ?Am^ fâsf
, ^rni^t-wn? m^^ffep <*<>i5iC4,<) mf%^ '5ict?, Rjf^c^ îmc?^ ^srr^-'îPiiii ( i ^ L s j I J-.I) g ( ? ) ^

^ - R m t ^ , m^RmA'-^v^^w, ?Rm? ^*ii?* atii "get?
^ ' ^ t i f ? 4(mî % m I s.o/sob-s. ^tm s.ib/si8 mR
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c^mf ^ <pRi'fl 13H4!)\o tat *R\oi mm 5 Rcist? A?[A1^m%Ft(Flugel), At., ffAl I R^ '^fTS la^w^
^5ITR, ^5rf%cmtt arnt ?#mc^ I tm w ^ CM ^< A'lÂfitM ^ FIM^ mi?s? ?5Tt %ti? stRra % m I % R
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^ *n?m %r m i îtm? Îtc^ mRfefs tfa^m?!? mm ^r^mmst îH-^RH ?'i?i? îmtm ?sTft, ( R m ^ '^msj? t ? ^ - * ^
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W^-'WT't?f?-?tf' Wfft-'WR' t ? f ? - ? T f r
iolr-Aff; ( 8 ) W f f'W?^, W w t >>^<t>>-'b R., ?t., J.R W R 'ii?i W f R - ' W R " w ^ t Re w R w R R R CT, R R w r ?
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ffW, R^WI i?"^?; ( i o ) A . Sprenger, Leben des (R)-iil? R w R 5tR4 'tW?f W l R ^ f ?1W ^RwT I ^^RW
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t t w f RstwR
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Wf=r-'Wf t^ff-îft' iA8 Wfs=i-RmMtff Wf-fe?nf
W W T I 'Ht^ fStc vSKfW 9f9m <5tc e t w R ^ s R W f t m ?4TI^<I1S1, >st?tW t p T ? R T ^ ^ W W f??t? ? W R W ? ^ ?tC'=1'l I
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îPi-*! ^RFt>* I #53? Ws\ ficm ^sgT?I*t ??i?W '^m^gw-m? t?^ ^ - ^ 5 ^ ^ R ? , ' ! ^ #At? ^ R ^ R5355R R 5 5 [ ^ ^5(1^, Rs^
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R R sfatW ?1R #A!? Rsf cnC5?lfA5, W S l ? R R W\ v5rR^?5 *Rît 'Z'TIRR # ? W ? ^ R6m MMT^ ?R5,
W R ^rr?^ cttcg I^RI R ^ R ^ R ? wm. #At? fsm ft? ^m^? ^^RM ?t35ro T F ^ ^ I
^miR-^îniT '5n?%. ? T t ^ t ? ^^sr?^ feR ?Rrat ?RR
^^*tt?? etna: f^s^ ^stAR ^ 2 R t ^ , l i l ^ n i f l ^ststfi^ NslAlW
^stc^ ('srtARif A'MW ^-mwt^., \5#!pr-^5(tmRT ^5IT?tft, ?>t?c?t
#Ai? a # c ? % f f ? Rr?JS ^sjfgR ^^Rrrr mm i Rf^ '^m? (?t)
'M. f?., 'J. Aoff; t ? ^ tl1il<4H, i t . , A8o; t ? ^ tt^Ttf^, -S^LRFM,
5^)H (?!)-'a? RlRWWtm i?FR *i<p|1 tCT ^5iR^ % p R Rm
ff8-88; R. A. Nicholson, A Literary History of
(Rt f t c 'srtrs. 1
the Arabs, Cambricige 1935, P. 342: Clement
(?!)-<a? Rl1i*P|\s<l>1W R R affRfw R1 ?iC?^ 1 ?sR5
Huart, A History of Arabic Literature, '2??i^ iS^^b^b,
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(?T)-? t W l f?m5r ^srtMMR ^?,-f2tA=rRiRslfAMF I f t ? R R ?sRr ^MR^, R R ^5n^ (?t) Atr tAt? 'japr^ R w
ff?s ^ ? 1 % m ig?i iR^F^Ri-iiR - ^ l a ^5n# (?!)-'a? ^^RsttWR (Nicholson, % at.) I R R T a f t i ^stRftc ^ ! R ?
4R?llRcm I R R ^ ' R R ?stft tCT W R t '*)HilS(lA (<j^) Wm Rs^RcA? 2 R 5 ^ W R ^ ? F tl(5l<!>H, i t . , A8o;
t ^ ^l<Ht>i (?!)-'iR 'rfs? Itmc? Rt?fe\s fern liR^ tAt ?m K. A. Fariq, A History of Arabic Literature,
5,tl<.^, t l l M h ? R R^TO ^ ^ i R ^ i f l ^ RRl??> ?lf5^ t f e i m ^
iJ^'lV 'J. 'IJ*, ^ . *IIA5I1W Atm^'^-*lRjl'>o, %.2R., Aoib) I
m1?^ 'StAt? atR îPfe A t s t l ^ 1
RjjjicM) mt?% ?Tt?Rt i??R3^ Sv^HFl m'tRp^ ^ i R ^ ^ t i
"ml^ (?!)-'a? R ^ t ^ ^ 5 R ^ '*lWij?llA t?^ 'Î<MI>1 m ^
R?c*iim mA, ?'raR RI^^RH Spir*ii:î<(jico bl(AC1 ^5nipl-Wr8?R ÎAIC'* ?t?t ( T R â??, ?It'fRl5
^ ff?C?*R ^RjllC^H (E L 92,107) I
(?i)-<:?5 W R R 1 '^srt^ (?t) '^''R '^rrgn-^-smm:?? ^ ^ ^ ^ R
at^tit 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, I. 37. S I, 72; ( A ) O.
t=1? Rfa?s ^^117 '>4IL<1?itA t?F %fR
?1?R attWtm '.olAtW ^SRSRHR t s ^ R 'Rtf?<^ ftRW? Rescher, Abriss, i, 131-3; ( ) Th. Noldeke. in
fen I R ( ^ - R t ? ^ , R t . -sn.t., i t . , '{So) I Rs^ iflt f g RDMG, 1864, 232-40; ( 8 ) O, Rescher, in WZKM,
sfAt "^Rlt t t f w i ' s iSAlC^ ^ Rs^ ^^tm? wmt R t ^ ^5iRfip5 1913, 375-97; (ff) t ? ^ mR, S t . , i , '\o; (b) ^
% 5 R I '^sn^ (?t) f%R( ^5TAR 4R*a|?l ^^5R?t, Rf?, 8(t% i'i) ^ ( R t ^ , m'^lRif, AAA; ( V )
(Reacher-'il? ^ ffJ) tAt? wm ^11?Ttn=n:?s gtft W ^ , Rs^ 'snnt^, i i t . , i o f f - i A 8 ; (J) ^ - # ? T # t , '5n't?R, i-AA;
^5tAR iflt t?tiRn csmi5t ?5^rÂ? mt i ?sRt m ^ ^ ' ^ t t ( i o ) J . W. Fuck, Arabiya, 6; ( i i ) ^ g ? ^ - ^ , t . , ^.

R l t T R ^ t I % t C^ff^T^ i , i i t . , 'J. i A i ) I i'bi; ( i A ) t ? ^ t t f l ^ , i t . , A8; ( i ) 'sn^l-tmm, R?,tlf 8,
R R (R^vR fiJR-2TRTT% AWlt^tCA-^ tAt R R A A ; ( i 8 ) t ? ^ 'WitR?, \slA^<, "It., i o 8 ; (iff) 'snsT-Rl?^!?!^,'
?sRc ttr?^ mt I l * ^ " ? ! (?t)-ia? atRRf^ '^1<IHÎA t?^ Ao8; (^b) Wt^-mtRtf, RRtm, i t . , iib; ( i ' l )
'îRR-ia? R3FC^ ^TAR ^ t M l t ? R R ?sRt % T , l l A R R W ^Rtg,'5ITT?i?'sriR^-wrestg I
^STAR ^ 'Pt (?sRsT, 3FO:!Uf A , 8b) t 1 W R ? R t?^ J . W . Puck (E.I.2)/;a. R >R. S[5iRA
^snftlA-? ^snjstA R t t ^ wm R f ^ feF=r C5tt R?if^wi i '^m^
(?t)-? RrsTWS^tmt ^lAlM f t C ^ t W s R ^ At?tlA=1RvR
fengl^WH?lisn?h*^^(;??iiiRc^Rc?)liw\s('5(tt1^Si, iit.,j. ??,*f-îRi<M*iA't*fmi ^5nipr-^5nRs?t^^'?it^^''it^^
iiS) I R R ^R1?R (?t)-? ^lAtMlCS ("bi/'boo, ( ? ^ ^ , ^ l bi) ir^MR<1 t ^ RtRtRt t ? R RtRRs t^Rt^-A'tf?^ t ? ^
?Mt 4RillW l i R l SlRm?? m ^ iStHlt?ll(.6'H ( ^ l "bA) I C*R ^'^?i^->sii<^?t^'t 'snî-RRf 1 1 ? ^ ^'Rn
'sfSm ?lAt R R ( ^TAt? ""^R^l? ^ t <>R?llCA'( R^ ^^R?t^n^-^T?ift ^ t i t w ^ , ^5ni5i-'5TPJ?t*t t ? ^ mft^T ia<psR
i4)|^<l.1.^'R%f 'vS|Rlj?ilAt^ T[?R? (?t)-'a? Rr?JS b'i/bWi ^rn^ <RT?s fesR .iHi R R ?i^^3iiA (R)->a? g??ir? 'mTO ?#5n
Rtm ? ' R R RSP? # A t ? a l R R R f*tc^lf%Wtt (tmr R R , fft., t^^mi a j ^ ^RM%?R I
i o ) I mls=I-Rnilt% 'sn75 "bS/ibb-V Rtm ?'R1?I 'StARlftTa af^t^ 8 ( i ) t f T AtWR, 'stt^r-tRim, S t . , '{.'11
WR I ÂT^ ^'PWG? ?A5iR
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Contents
WfR-%m
I j-^vi ,^1) 8 ^srr^-*^^ (jHî > e O 8 w f ^ - ' w ? T O !

^Hftsti?, iiwif W T O R 'fl^wT ^ s i T O f r o ^ w?"^ ' ^ K R ? ) i ? w ^ - ? ! f t f ,'rpRs ifi-îM-s! t w mm
TOf 4 R I W^W^/itff/<tb-i-? t t W W?-?1%'f3l5|TOFr4tW,
WWt"aTO/Wl[m 4 % ? f TO^tT?IW ttC ^ AffA/b-'b'b, ts? (WR ' W ^ f f t ? w:^ R? ^T I R R
WRT R R ( R t R I T T T O t W T O T W R O T ? TO ^tTO
I W ^ - t T O W C S l t i R R s I iit A!sl4f|viil5 R R TOT liRt,
>a?;, TOTiR ^tro 4 R * r a p R ^ I T O R TOT
4<)it?ii (RT s t R ^'s.t? t r o t R s ia4f& 7^c{ W w t t r o îTOt ffSTOU
TOR -^RsTsR Rr*R R R w r Rt 4 I R I W T O W W S ^ R ^ I R TOT I R W W ? t R s 1TO R ^ WRg ?? I R R ^ RtftRl4
(RR f < R^T TR?nt TO ??I I ^tWW R42tRsr id^/HHo W W ? (W*RW^ R W T ISR; WW W R W ifRSSfT (2f% R S R t W ^ f
WWWR W R - R R f m -^tsR W a W ^ , W t i i W W ? - i i R stR W T R T O R W T I f f W W R - W * ^ 1TO 'STO^ ^R5lR CW
R g i T O R i ?5RW TO^ 4 R : 'WW. TO (WR-Wt?fRtft, 'SWW, WRfft Rtt, I ^ R T R ' T W W W W W ^ WwtRWR, R f
i A 8 ) I t r o t ? 'STWW W f ^jTOP W R - t w f (ff. W R - W R R t f T W R - ^ ^ T O s R w ? f^lWW^ W W R R W f WfWtW R42IW?
^ ) - ? R^B Wf W T ?f^l?l f>Rcvs CtTWTO,?fTO H?<1IW w f WWJ!#RsWwRwWWt'^4C?T
tfT WTO (ff. WR-WW<3TO) 'tfTO WtRw W T ^sRW (RT ?PlW tW? R W ^ ^ stWt ?sR, Rp.RT5 ^ WW1
W C f I t R ' j R WR-WWsf (S.)-m W R W ? SfR^TO ^Rw W R - f ? " ^ ^ttro ft? t W o R test W?r??if ^ t R R ?5RW tR
?^TO ' R R R ' f T O R W w R 5 f & r f ^ R W ' J = f ? ^ CW^?se?T 1 ^ R W ((Rf?5ffi) o ^'sRs (R'{Ri)->ii? 2tR Rrww ^'SRff
tro 'RRRw^-w?f?^'0tf5?wR-w?fftf^w%Rif5t?' ? W W ' S i R ^ ^ ofl^WT?^ 1TO5W ?5C?T I uOtWW R R (R i & R c T O
(ff. Sourdel, Vizirat, R?^) WW:^ fR'J'^^RW ? ^ ?sc?T ^fpTf ?SC?T WW t??#^5 t?f^-?'l^lT <3 t?f^-?lf?l(??Jl (^?
(RTR-Wf?;R?Tf, i'bS; t?f;'-R?!WW, ?ntft, RWf. a.)-? ^STfJBfcf TOR I W??T?R? tft RW?s 'tfW?
D.erenbourg, Aff'b, ^^Rw WfR-WR'sWff WTR ^ t ^î^t% WTW RBltr WW ' i m ( W R W f R - % R at?f
?sc?T) I Rf i^t R 4 5 f r B T O R 5 i ? l f i a ^ RR tt:^, i i r t R t?f<3 TOT Rlt 'Î'iStTO trW # T O "G sIbHRf ^141^ ?W< 2 f ^
'srf?^? tW?I ( R , W W % ? < T R R t I R W^f-TPt?^- (^. (barlesque) W f % R ?STRT mi tWC R1^ ?T:'itg W W
i'tô/'tb-^-ô)-!!!? TO ^tfW? W W ^ , W f ^ W W ? TO 'StTO (acrobatico) S M T W R T I ?fW::^ ^5tW? ? R 2t?TOR
TOtjW? ' j w t WR-^miff' (^. i<t/<tlrS>-J5>o)-iil? TO ^tfW? ^[WR RT "f^ ?J^ 'SR;'fTO wt^fî? i\stR? w w w
R W ^^fR ?t?lR'=1 I ^ (Rt R 4 R ? l R ? -^w^^w R ^ ( R ^ * l ^ ^ R I R R W?tt,4RlStC^H f ^ RR ^ W ? T ,
^ffWffRR^ W?tW? W:?J W ? R f f f tf^ W f g*W^ (5.)-<3 ?R5tlTSrT ^^ffr ?t?si ?5W, (RfR R s ?jR? (Wt^?RR W f ? R t ^ t W
R R îf?fW WTOt RWR? ^ t W ? R?ffWRR ifl?; R ? R < > < t%PR www? 'dfJC? R f W W W f sRfR?W c r o q t Rtr
'siftW^-^WWsf f?? W R T O WW W?W tR^sfi 'sifc?!? ftf W;.fR?s WTfT^'a? R l < R t w R o f ^R^lcss.'f, fb?lbR
WwtRWT I W T J I R W ' w f t f T W?"W W = T - f W f ^ (^. fwRw ^ T O f W?WTST, 'Q?*tit? w?w^s?lw ww-(;#g?s TOf
?\<t/b-b-b--j5.)-iiR ^ t ? 4f?? W R a}1tf iR^ tTO ^ W t W ' ^ 2ttiRt? 4R?n^H mi Rt.'mf R e w ? stRww IÎWT m^
R w f f iii?# f ? ?jWif ?5Rw ? ^ R??15 R W i W ^ I t%f ?sW?sR K?? fRW? alWR <(>R?I|C^*< Rt?f W ? f w H w i ^^l^f^
(Rt 1 W ^ ? 7 f ^ W tR 1W? R f 1t R T O T ? W W s r j t o '5ffT? cinPf4 ^3TR? TOW?W RC wf? I t W W ^stW
WRltWftWT R R R? WWfT tfT t t W ^ (ff. t?^ WWfT) W ? ? - t t R t f R^Î^W iSRT f%f '^RlWf? at?f 4 f ? W '^t ?f?f
RWT I ^SfTO RWTO ?sf^tt5r5 t?mw fWTO,WfR-WWR % 3 ? f ^ fîlWfW? R w f I ^ R s <3 ^ft^ R W ? f t R : W W W
(Rt R^sf ?Tt%R f T 4 ^ ^tr: w f t f?ww? iRi(: ?stT"G R?s5^ i f - S M 5^=14 (tentoive) sfOstR a f R j f W ? ^srsR srWR
TOT^w wtw wRwr ffew? atwt? ^TOef w r t f r c t ? i ^ 4?;? ?f?f (WR <Mwt (^WT R4R 2tR f?W? <pfit WC? W t (%
4f?w ?bTO CWT R?t R(;H w I R f R R c^tiR ^ f f ^ ^ W R ^f|fl Wf5T-Wf?lR) I
fWrf>a R l ^ RWT, (RWT (WWTOI t??ftN WR-W'sR"^ (^. r^R#t 8 ( i ) W R - W t i f , ?t., <t^-V!; (A) 32;*f,
ib-b-/b-o8ff.)-'iR WW:?? ?R5 ^5fW? (PTOs'ttTO I TOW twc WRfWR-f?-^, i<to-i; (va) <^ {Rt?s, W a W ? s , At., ^.
WTO ^5Wt RlfWtSW ^ C (RWt ( R W ?? Tit I A-\a; (8) fpjf, W'?11fR-"G?rf?%t, At., e8-'b, T ;
st^f (it 8 tT?Wf atg<5 ??l WWff.( i ) WR w w f , i8t., b ^ ; (8) R ? R * ! , AA-8; ('!)?1fs",^TOt, i<tt., ^.
iA8-<t; ( A ) f t f f , DM, 8t., ^. i<ti I ( t ) ^ f W f i t f ^ T i f ^ W R - W f f ? t 5 : , 'GW?f?n,. iAo-i; (b-) ^ . J .
RWfSRf Il??ii (E.I.^)/iil. R i R TO E . Beneheikh. le cenacle d'al-Mutawakkil,
t R W f 1?'SWR
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Contents
contribution a I'etude des instances de RtAtt^s " w H - i t r n f t ^ R ^ - f A m ? " m n . ^ t ^Rsicaf I

legitimation li-tteraire, in Melanges Henri Woepke, J A ib-ffff v}., AS'b t.->a a f ^ l ^ R R f ? ^
laoust=BEO. Alt., (1977) i ' S f m R R ^ ftrmmisRr a r m ? 5 F ? m f e R ; (a) ^ - ? f i f i ^ , I m
J.E. Bencheikh (E.I.2, SuppD/VANî t^ljUH^F (Rt a r i , t ? ^ - f % R 5 - # mAn:?5 "^-itfSfsfo" mci ^ t
^ m ^ - ^ T r f ^ R s t 3 T - (^L-Ji>ll >jl) 8 (Wt), T t A t % 1 fRslCfei'l I Carra de Vaux I a R cm cm "s^tp^'s^^

^mmr{, JA, .ib-s>A % s o b - - s s i ; ( ) rt^-APjmm ( w R f t
"?reriRftTOf? 5r#ft ^Mc4 f%f^ 's^ ^'fm ? # ? i l t ^ ,
R n ? ^ mm?), Im'T?^ (Rt "*pR^ mm rniRRaf^mr?
" f e r m r ^ fe îsttA'st fe* "gw^Rftt ^ i w t l A ^ t ? ' w h i # f f
Book of the Geometrical constructions mcl t w i R
m ^ ?5R:?5^ laî ^tTAiCT? ^ m i H t^stit^mimif ^<în
? % I C 5 1 Woepke t A R msnrnTsm t51%n;^, Ja, ib-(?(?
% , % Aib--(?'b oS>-(?S> 1 (Ptrm^fWPR ^3l1%mo .ilt (R,
^ nTit mi, lii^ apTiCT ^m^-^m^'w (t\) Asmo 'Sm?
wr^p- ' s m m R f e s f ? ? i s m m A , ? ? i # A f ? (?pr mris? ?bm,
(m), A ? ? ^ ' ^ s j R g ^ (m) a ^ '^mtm f S f ^ i
<il^lw;^5lAl? ? ^ R??pRi^ ?t*(lc^ ( ^ ff. H. Suter, Abh.
(m)->ii? ?#m ^ ^RsHA-H I ARi^ '^mm -^mm
z. Gesch. der Naturwiss. u. d. Med. Elangen 1922
srcm -A^kmk, itw -sprr^ ^ wn? f m
!8t.) 1 g ^ m ? ^ EucUd. Diophantus tt^SlRs?!-?
'Rt^^ ^ r t ^ A i w m # n i t r 5 ^ , ^sn^-^m^'^rim a s w
aj^R%? ( R 1 ^ m m RR ?5m !??iI(;^f ^-^mfw'A' mi?>
'^m (m)-'^? ^ V|.î*iRfch? -simm T i a F i ^ mgîiiA (T)-'ira
# A t ? CWJiRlwT R???s ôtPi4l (tables)-la? R ^ w m w
Rf ^ t <iiR?in^^ I' C T O "ctfTOt? w m m r t i i A
1 ? m i R . m t 11?^ cc=itwt, mi1?R mi m w r t m t c ^
s p i R f W f ? Ctm Atmi ?#?IT felCAH r^ Wt^-^SSRsRTpr
?Rs %g[f-mfi^ mi?s (R (Rm m?. ât'sft
A l^cfei? i m f m t r ^ A i w i ? T?Rf w *I5?)ICAF i
'n3? ^5n<[5(-?R5R \o|Pip| ^5ti?a 1 ^ I
sr^t^t 8 ( i ) A I W B , / ^ - ! ^ ! ^ , S t . , A i S , TltJT
wi<iR-mmR a R R " i ^ , RR tart^tfiR? ^ t c m m
iAAAl
mtR ?sc?^ r cmm<PR tar^CSR (Spherical triangle)
5^1^ TP^fpp mAsjiF
m?f cmrt? Sine a|f%? m ? R t R ^ "^mR RRt '<5(s}% % : 5 R I
Iit<p|')fiR>(.'a R)Rt ' R t m ^ tsi^PSf? tR<ic^ Menelans-ifl?

iprrmg ^"Nm tmrn*^ |Rfei-'î<Mi>i
mA'm m%? ^ m*I=f b^4'^, mm "mf? 1?^R? ^1%" (Rule of four
(^-R=#s ^-vowD^ atri? v o i S ) ' j t e mi *iiA'iN ^ magnitude) m w tt?f5^ (Sine a: Sine c=Sine A: 1)
'^'W ?#rm ^ t ^ ^?Smr^; R l tAf mft^ m:A), ^îw? tangent theorem-'^? (tan. a: tan. A=Sine b : l )
f^Rtt m^ tR1mf 1 ' i s m o tm^ ?sjmifo. fA!?H 1 i af?^ WR I >ilt "iÔs W R ii)?# ^gcai? fRWl^ afAt
?tmmR, A W i o ^ s t f t t ^fAstrsR fsii>srH "tAra w^j 1 . w ^ (Cos. c-cos. ,a. cos. b.) i f??i c?5im?Rfg cmm?n?
t R w t n ^ # A t ? aJti fAi?R # A t ? ^ ftfm w r ; taifpSR MS RRt l?attl Sine afRmwj? atf%^ <>f??lfAWH
, vsrm-^TiR^ '^hRsiia ^"NR '^H<iim 1 ^mw? (^. Carra de Vaux, % 'J. 8 o b - - 8 o ) i Sine 36-^^
irm s i t O T s 3 w\ wT^mART ^-Ri^^mft (^tm ^-m^smsf) ftmr? t^<? 'i^m c T O j w n m # A t ? R?* I t A R W I b-
'm^-'wtm <Mf)^<i-iiR w%R wtfiR f*w m q^Qiiif^wi 1 ^t,"^ t % t A R I R t^<? ?Rt m? (Woepke. JA. iVJso
8b-/S'ffi mm wT3^-m^ lm?5 m^ i^î fsi t w ( R t t c ^ t % 'J. AS)-!! t . ) I RRt iflt ' W f ^ f R atRtf W ^ 8 S i n
v b R ^ W ^ I #?l? ^ mWR b r b r / i ^ T l t S>c!ibr-CS | l:?^-Wt%Sl (A+B)=sin A G B+G A Sin B; Sin A=Z Sin A/2. G
# A r a W^^'RCt ^ t#m^ # A R ^ m^ b-VS'S>1 A/2., Z S i n 2 A / 2 = l - G A i ^ A T ? WJlflR^ mm
^ t ^Risic^H I io/s>b-o-i mm fsR ^ A"iirr^ ^??r i?>ll? ttrs? aif%f^, vpt wtERA^ ?jTm? 1 wi?fm35
^-mA'f%^ R R R - i f R ^fl? wr!pi-mmR m:5f t^fî ( t a n g e n t s ) , ' i i - ' t ^ (cotangents), C^^Rs
? R l l m RjJlfAMH,1%R flm^ mAt? W ^ A H R f R ^ A r a a f x (Secants). R i r ^ ^ (cosecants), faic^tflR tjlPi^
^-|3pr'G?n^-^fmmmR^ ?s?riflm^ 1 <j<Aiw # A r ? ^ f f ^ I "SR^tT lilt 1 W R mf=fR?s gtrmn
csmRRmttRimia # A t ? f^^ftR a j ^ R ^ ?fA?nr^ 8 ( i ) ti%''2c?t m?i*t ^ - A t l m : ? ? w r t % i i w ^ t m c ? "rs? t R ? ^
.ii?# m^tRs af^, mm? mi m'mA^t^lm?fl?r-^fm? R t R f?s?1^ 'TO^ ^ ^m wtf?m? ?5T:?R i l . a .
m^- ^m^T ''îPi=i-RRR I ^ CT^ < s f ^ , S e d i l l o t iiro^b''I., >ii^ et1%ffe ^f%?nf%?H (>il^ R ^
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W^p-Wftl WR-t?t^
TOW m^ ^ R w ^ <,t?llR1. t?lt m9f^ % 5 R ^êt? *fPWW5t ficwf I. i'bSo v(. TOn m?ra TOftW? 'aj^'f
Sedillot Chasles ^ I ' S f f ^ f e ^ Biot, Munk f?e, ^W?l^ RRft I i<b88 ? V 5 W B T O (TOt) Rf%
Bertrand; Carra de Vaux R T O % R w t WTWt (7f<3TO ^R4C?RI
lilt 1 W 4 ôRjt? % r (JA. 1892,-440-71) I WW R'JICW?
(conies)-lil ' s i R f c ^ (Parabola) 'st^ C ^ 3 W ^ RfRRcf V G
^5|T3W <(.n>iw ( ^ L s j i ^ i ) 8 a ( W t w R R j 4 , R W w w t ,
Wf^-TOFm *l1WlHf RW? I
Wa^l?, i O ? o / i J i ) o ? RCT? i ^Wt/iOT9 TOtCR R?Rtft?
f t W t R w D i o p h a n t u s - I I H ^5[fTO WfR-^TOFt? ^14 stMW
I^RwWf CItWt CWtWS'J? CRf R R W W W t ? * ! ?5C?T I ^t?f?
ftf I W l ^ i - V A T O T (il4SR 4 R < 3 I .
R W ? T O Ctf CTOIR??TO W W ? T O W%It f t ^ I
ar?;fft 8 ( i ) W ^ - R ^ R ^ , A'b'b, Avo; (?) t f s p - l w f t ,
4R0 W e f , ^ttro 'J?f?5?H'=f W ^ W T - ? ! ^ W?^[W? WTR?
^. A V ) ; (vs) t f ^ - W t t ? , fet., fe*); ( 8 ) t f ^ W f l ^ H , R'vWt
cFT3I cwtws wtr? ?;Rt(? I c # ^ TO w?TO twTt L I I R R W ?
'bvi ( ^ . de Slane, t.,.'{. o ? o ) ; (ff) W5pI--WTOf TOlWf,
t t W t R ? W<3?t^ W ? % t ? W T : ^ fWRtfe RiRT I tW?
i f f (b) Cantor, Vorlesungen uber Gesch. d.
CCWf TOT W R t R 4 ?5?1W <3 wgR bRcst ^t?I W R
M a t h e m a t i k , ?TI R'vât, it, t . ; (%) A. V.
W R CW?5 t t W T R ? WsTWWR RWR ?? I I^lt a t R W T O ?jf^
Braunmuhl, Vorleisungen uber Gesch. d. Trigon,
W 5 T O f R T O C^K^? lilWW? W I R W ^tftWC? ?R?tR ?=
Leipzig ifeoo (., it., ff8 1.; ( v ) Suter,'j. 'î, 'j.
TOT I 'ilt t ? ^ WWfWC? c f ^ f ? ClfW? T T S R R T 4?t
i'b'b; (&) <^ W f ^ , Abh. zur, Gesch, d. Mathem.
?? I R R t t W R arTO4 R ^ TO WR f R s l t t 4f?W Cff
Wissensch., 'bf., 'J. os>; ( i o ) Nallino, Scritti, ff't.,'{.
( T O f ) ^ W R TOt ^ 4 C ? T I ?ft^-TW?^ fCt? affJt s i R W T O
A'^?, A'^ff, v5'!s-ov5'\; ( i i ) Brockelmann, it., 'J. ?ffff,
wRRw w ^ W f R wpw W??ir?? w o i ^ i R R s
.tRf^ i , 8 o o ; ( i ? ) Sarton, Introduction, i f . ,
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tRWftRscw?
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Contents
WfM4trm,
i!s.AS9 WW 4Rmra liiwH c?tliwift4 <KTOR c*R ifRn? ?tR#4!R W?pl WWi) iÛCb^st, ? R t ?jR^, ^
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4c?T I w?iwgi?tww?R iR# 4 W T t W T wîJt^t Si4tl4t^ i S . i I
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is.8o WW RR w w c ^ cww R;tk4? wRc^^
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Contents
wr|5t^w^, C W 3 R
lirsf ^ ^ ^ t ^ J ^ ^ W S J S t?mff #?r^ R R f i R s ^^R^^S

RmRf, w R?.mw, \ m \ ^ fS^tfer, t w w , w ^ I C - ^ M W ? ^SRR -mmi (R RRs^yft fRrm ?TRRf (R*f-f?wcf tI?IbF R t
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I R ^ am c^?#? w=t 1wiRw? fen 'ajR ? R j ??nR
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lim -Îm^l t t ^ , ?>Q^ 'sil^ ~Q TfiFt t s r ^5n# 1 Rt?t5s mt' stn t'imft ^=WRR*R f??^ i5?i mrm ftmc?
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I A R R'sfC'* l i R s cvsisrH
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is.8i TOiRRijmRstwCTR tmspRiR fen ^ 2tt%#5t lf?15K?5, RtlT mtcgtl? 2fR#T lRbM<t>,
>iPlvi.?ltA "Fifti Am? WRTRRS ^ ^ I i^8v3 f%f^ tit? ^lajw? RiARnr<f R?=f R^Rijhii RiSfD *fit5$i ' S R T S I
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wwifr m R<TO wtewTO? R^'T^ ttwT I snwf^ ^ w , iwl^wR I^JIW Rw R3t-w?w ?3?^ ? ? ( R T : ^ ' S H
tffWt WiT TOmw R R f?, i j f R R w f f W i W f af?t ^1?; ^tW I R f ?;f W 4 W iSi8V-8Si W? W W ? ?
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W?JC?^ I 4 W t i w t 4 R 4 I W t t W sRtR ' J F T R 4 t^SWff' lQl4tfl
(8) R;tiRR? ?;f s ^"Bi 'J4WR4 R ^ t ^ I i w R t R W R 4C?, 1^"^^ WF5=l -srsff? W?5R ( W ^ W?Tf ^ t ( R W , C4#?
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t?vwR4 R ; t ^ ?wr RSfRt TO 4C? Rf wfw wg<, t ; i f wt \ iff (Rn-'t^, '8 H w R t W4r^ <iPi?if R R ; , cart
Wtt W?W? W ? W ^94 i94W^ ?5T:? 4 t f R W ?TWt w ? ? t W WTO Wf^T ?5ftRW? 'WWW? atW?' f w f^RWt? ^
1944 ( R f C ^ 4 T ; ^ ^ t W , '94W lt?tf W O R ( W WW gtf^ 'WRWW? ?WW W;W W WW sRstR ? ? I
f f e ? ttRW 1i5^ RWl^lR, iff W^R?, iSi-bH) ^1TTt4 ( W 1 T O (WWW? pRC*^ TO RWW '
ttwf R j t W R
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wtl^î'mCTi, (?rtANg
mm mm' 'H^t. m^ i m 5 ? w i w R atm:^ Rrmmi 'm^mt ( i ) m<sm mmt ttc? i? mR^-aiwî Rro? vsiîwt^îHM^
wmw? m^mm ttr?' i t[%^mRf t<im?^ t ? ^ '5iRmR?mm i
R^RHJMW? wmtm R w a t R ^ , l a i ^ îR^R-^mm^ ( A ) mRiw^ c?5ftn i^HCiic^s? ?"mm ^ i . m^m
mRRij^ tf%ipTORn:^ Rsra ^ -^TJ I ;iit m^ mm A . ^ I (?TR?5 WlWR, A8 ( R T ' ^ , iS.g'l) I
ttfR^ (Rf i(? (?R^mf!, is>b->b mtfA?s ^ i R i ^ mm R ? R
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c^cm I m m ? ^ S R R wi<p ^mrmsm trmtm ?Tf%R'f ^R#% l A m ? stAt; ( A ) t t ^ r m afAt; ( ) iRfftff
msmc^ ?îm <fR<i? cmm\ ? ^ W F I wsgt? ?jRm:'f? m:sf (mmrmt, ms WICTIRCF
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?sc?^ I ia?5SR m^p# AiRi?iiA mm?, f?!^ i m t R ^ w ^ i RgfRiR wt<pi ;^rRA? > R M m??n mm? mRr ^ S R R R
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m? I wstsm ?iSi*ii m^m? nc^ tcmm:sot mmimr?*f ^ R R , l i t AlR<i?IIA ' I I A K I A R?cVrt? CF^^tl^S ?lt^'f
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"5IRR w * R istRt'>i I isRR w i p lai. wtAmm;?5 TO 1^ i'b m^s^,
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mstRR ( R f ^ w t m ^ ( R m (um ( R I ^ I W T ? w f t m:^, is.s'i sRîRr ^mwiw? ât R I ^ F I ^ R^f^fB
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2 f f % f ^ ; tm msi#iiR? fifsm ?n#T? % s m R tiRw' i f ? 2tt%3ff% l"
SlRRo ?|m, wRsi iS. WiRRtpR ^ H N R ^ A?I) liW^SRsf Rm? m^, i-ii Fc*^? I îi^F msff^CT? mmr^ wsflTf^ âi. î.
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w m r i ^ ^sRR ^|?55T ^ >^t?iiw lilt <t>RI^? wfA?t??5 <^ ^ I m^mc^ 1? mRicF? ?tRi ^ R m ? w mfAf%R5, t^fft,
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R ^ ^ m ?t^m^ m^m? Rf%^ w * ^ , *fA?, ^SPRR îtii5"Fr<ptm mmwt FiRty.KF ? P R ( R , 'i? mf^'siw? ?&mm
jRf^ Rfp? ?5 W 5 7 1 R t t c ? ^mm ^ ^ mR>H t t t R r o ? i R=^ 2if%fFRtt
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% T3\m ^sRfip ^ > i w c F ^SiAR mR? stRs^^ ^^Rm 2 R ? R RR?5RiRt1^ Fc^c?? m R m m R ? (is>8<H) i / A mfkt?
iwnisra Rr^ crt ^ ^ i â i^^rc^ 'ÎRR5 ^5n>S[R cj-
5n:*(T
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Rrm, is>8s % ^v>M R^WT sRsi1tw?i M trot C t t W W I W R W R W f R R ; CWR W f S f ^THRI R W t R

2iwR4 -^RRI >Q-5rff; 4 l i R r lilt W W ftfnR ' w R w T R ? 4ww w;w w -fl^w WW ^fit tro
RMbHi'jw î^Ri w;w? t w R ^ itt ??[ I 2P4 ( R R W ^ T lilR. liR. ^WR Wa ( W T O t R W t W , R R ^ W ? ^
is>8s i A S w f e t TOtStoo W5R0 ?? f m W3! RIWT) W T O RRfW? I ( R T O ^tWD^J ^ R5tRW
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?@tw Rtiw ^ ^CT ^tlRa w:?5t I ^ttRrl? 'j? 4 R ? l f w ? R T O www, ^ A R R ^ t W ^ W t W W ^ t 1 R w ?
t l R l H ? i fi3j <[R#ft 'SRrf ^ W ^DS^ I W T WTOt Wiw t w t R % r 4ww wiTO wR TOWRS 4R<ii<tt 1
(f R w ^ R^RwRra 2(RTO R T O W C T O R 4C?^ I lilt R T O lijWiR TOW-aiRwîW wtg?rtf W R TOR ^ R W W W I
RWtR^ WiWt R S I R R I W W W W T O W t f ^ W T R R I itt =34 W R W I R ? W 5 lilt W l f ^ l t R f TO^ W 3 4 R T O
R R W R ' S H i R i R ^ t R w n R S W W . w;TO Rwci; R ; T O ^ c w R C4#?r R'*|viil 4ist^? ?iAViH "Sii^îiH? (?TOTOn W W T 1
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^rfwt WIW W W ? I lilt R R T R ? (Rt^ RiR^ W T O W f ^ i R f ? TO W ^ 4TR^ I A * ( 7 ^ ? t f , iS98V % 4?Tfw
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lol^^Mfl'o f t W R t 4 R ^ (RfC=ti? ^ t ? R W ? t W ; W ^RTO w w w R ^ 4 R R S ( R f f R W TO Rw W T O W f ^ I W t R I W T O
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WR RMt>''<l<l W ^ {R=T I w w t WRg,Rt W ? ? g www? TO W ^ 4C?^ I A
a wRr^t? ft3j R5t, R R i , ^ t f t R wR, t t w ^ , wRoi wot, c?R^?tf, is>8b- % t t t R r o ?ww W s R R w:^ ? t f f w g wt
t t W t t t r W t , .tUt-tRW? W i R t ^ - R s r t C W M t (lilRSt? 4 ^ t W W ? ffC^ |W? atWtWT ?^STO Alf C W ? T f ' ^ W WWt? RIW (?iW
t c ^ t S t w w;w WTO t c ^ ?jtw sfTO 4c? iii?i t r o t w t w TOW w r w ^ R ^ ^ w TO I iiwPiT ?@ww R ; W I
f^CTi ^ E s p ^ l R S t R t t 1 R W T O W f f t R ^ W ? 5 i g ) tWtR iil?l 4 R ^ A t Cifi^^tlf a i W W l f ? W B ? W 4 (R? I liltR^?^ W ^
W 5 R RSiRyt 4 ^ W W ^ t f R A WW (W?t W l W W 4l|WW ? J T W t t R w l * W I I W R 4 W GSt'FW? ? W ??I I
4RTO W W wtw w ^ w r m ^ R w t w ? W W WW W T O R f ? R ^ W??g ? ? J T W t t W W i l R i R ? t 1 ? W T O f ^ W
w?t ^ w %5t? I w ? wa f ? R R ? w t w wnsf^ct? W T f t W W 5 ^ W T : 5 ^ T O R ? a f ^ 4 R w R f f W ? ? T W W t W T O
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l i R ; WW ^RWfJt -gtRi f T : t ? W W W H R R ^ (RW I R ? 1 R ; ^ 9M siRttw? aiRRR Rw R S ^ W ? T O wtgwRs 4?t
W T b- R t R ^ iS.S't % R^WTsl ?tiR4 W W t W . f t R l # t ( R W W I (A W^, iS>8b-^.) I
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siTOTOs tTRR?jTf ? W B ? W 4 ( R ? I lilt RSR ( R f W R ^t? fRf
i I ?^ww
WTS W^tnt? W f W R i t C R T O W ? W5ttT:t? ^ R5I<4W? ^ i R twtR f R TO I iilifTO5 i i
tWt R^t W W R 4 4 W I (RT:?^ 'I? WR^STtR? t t w w ITT^ 7^ -Rrotra? W T O R w t i o 'SifRo ?? I
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^?a?f5lt I (J5WW? W R I
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W T O lilt t I T I T W t - W T O t t 8 ? R ? W?I (ITOt ?WTO <2?
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^ R 5 ? < 4 W W l W R 5 t i 4 ^ ^ t ? bv5t ? ? I liltWTR IS I W S f t ?T4^ t R r o W;RTW 'J? ttf4W!R? t ? ? t f WW
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t t W f 14SIWR
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Wf5=r w w i , cimtf
8 I wwt TOtf l i ^ T O W;ww w i m ?t^l*il 4 # T O WW W<[^ W C t I iS), Wfwitt? ^ C ?lfi<l>in3 afWR ?i7?^ I M w
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ff I ^ ( [ ^ R W T O wriffw 4%n:f W T O fRatRw ^ I t ? ? 5 T ? lilt ?TTWW f|? ftm 5}?^ ?sra I tw?
m^ t^TtWWft 4lWW lilR'^W tkf ^5tw i^?; (Wfw? 2ff% ?tfTOR S) f w c t ^ , iS)8S) t l W I ? t W f g f t r l ^ affSfTOWtW S '"f?
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W ^ W r ^ t W H TO ^tw W ? I W ? Wl%? W 4 ^ ^?tw I ^[tRsf WtWW? 1C?T W;ff?5 'EiRt? ? # T O WW W?W
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CW^ aiW? WWR ^5tw W I ft f R liiWT?^ R^sfift, artriPTR^ 9m ctTSFBfft Rs -a
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fetes ^t%o s t ^ C T , WCWWfWftW WTTWSlfw ( <T>Rl(.^f r lilt R;WfCt WTO W ? ^
t ^ W ? W;W ?<1C4<! ^ f ?
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? t w t r o w w t RR^ ? t w I f w ^ wt?? www? 4i??j M T O S ? l i ^ ttwrf^ t i R A i cw?nft -a f ? ? ^ fro ts?i1^
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W;RtWCt? ^^jii? ?CB I WTO Wf5i W W 1 afwt mitc wr^Jt i iês) ttc
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W<pT 4fC*t1, CTt^t^g
f%Rw^ I m^ R F T O fHTOrtw TH firf?Rn ' R T O r t w f % R w t f s w f ? I frofcw w Rct?ct c ? t f R ctwiR fttro? F S ^ C W ^ T O

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wtipr?neR, CTtAT^ i8o
ctmt I lilt w îit ? 5 i w tf^R m ?5%T Rfsfmtmw ^s,m% f t m r ? R i m t ^ w R m m t s m m , f^^R, RiRt^,

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i8b
w w n 4 W W , R?t, m\^, , f t^T W W , f t^T R R ,

i w -wsT -"tR wrat Wstf^t <j<)?W 4 \s f R \st tiât Ws=Tt ^%t?c'i? W M R ^ , wasiRipwmR^RwR^ tRlw I
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w < p w w i , cm^
(t) tW# TO wRww? t? WW W W^WtR?s WW I
t?W?t? ^^'RW? WW R R wRo I wRsww? Rttw ?t?t ^Rf? W T O J w w s t f f 4?^^ w
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wa?t?tw I (WRR), New P h y s i c s 2tT:?p5W # ? RwR, R w r stwf
t t w f Rscw?
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i80
( i i ) ?t?TT Tgww w f , 1? wR^Tw? ?@ww, ? t ^ , -btwi,

tilTOTOt, i T s o f w WJttif, I t s T j f w RwfWR, I t s o f w 'Wtff4t j^wt i o ( b o , 1. t^=f t R w ; ( i ? ) RRw^ W f R ?nrti W ? 4
( i i t ) , itstTfw wfiRw ( A ? t ) , ITS(T1I4 t m s f R W R , art, R f R W ^ ^Wf^ ?ntti ^ Wt??, R R w ^ Wf^ W T R I
l T s o f l 4 ? T O R ' (ATI t t ) , 1t*u1l413tWTtfl1%, 1t*u1l4 C W R B t t t R ? t t W ?5flt^, -btam, OT'^ i S i S i i , W ? W W W ? 1 R R T
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f ^ ; W 5 T W , S C W ? l f , i ^ ^ o , <SRW
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a f ^ t f t 8 ( i ) C W t W f W W R , R R W ^ W f ^ W C t I -a W W ?o ?ni=T, i O S i J j , I - b, W W W W f l W T ^ t R RRw^ W f ^
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Wlf?4 RJ! WlW, ??, .0^ t?.WT, A ^ C W ? l f , i S b - 1 , 1 . (t-b; (Ob-) '5i*mw m.'^. W W 1 , W3! w w t t s R , i ^ w t c g f , T W T
t t w f Rscw?
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iSxfi, ^. (vss>) mrsTH F W M , iflfCt (RWMTT RtTT, f F r a m^ ? 5 % | ^PT^s ^ - f R ? f f m^-t???5"-IFI ^ 5^5itm

Ao-A-b W4SI^, i>S>b-S>, ff-io; (80) M<Sff|?5 f?ani, i8-A8 ?Tr''R I ^ A H R ? tf^^ I ^ ^ R T w t T - m ^ ' R ? ? iT?me?
C W l t l t , iisb-b-, i'l-Ao; (8i) M ? ^ M T ? s , i e - o (^F, iS>b-b-, m^ttm (Rm A t m cmsRiw mmmr ^ t f t ? cm?tmra R>FRF
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(8vs) M f % f?ani, A'l m?- few. iS>b-ii>, 8i; (88) ^^<=\, ^m?m I
UM,_CV!T?!^ iS>b-b-, b--ii; (8(f) M<3lft4 Rffelt, A-Js ^ (R w t m t - w i M b m ivsb-/'i(f(f m m w^fij^ A ? ?RRI
iS>b-b-, S>-8o; (8>ij) ISIFCT RltJl, U M , Ao wH--mf^ mm R ? l ( . A H , ^ MT<pr-tmi? # A R w^m%R?

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MRNRORA RTL%m^ w t ^ 41^1 amtpi^, M M . (?nmc^ ( T S R H - ^ m t ^ iS>i ^. Lewis, 33; ^ Ivanow-ig?

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((fi) (M?M?, A A (iÊa^, issb-'i, -^'I-'IA; ((JA) MMFA^ fR i o m i i '5'Ai??R mRet m?^-R?e?5- mm? ^ WRS
M M , m?n, A i cwmSt, i>i>\r% % i% Ae-AÎ; ( e ) m^^^RFR w^ I ^5mi 1^ m R t i t f ^ c? mRet ^ m * ^ WPJ-RTR^
'J? M ^ I M ? M M w t c m ^ wmim S P W , ^laj, sim^R w^, #Ate?5 srn^ Immt ( i i ^ m - R ' ^ ) , citRw
S> wrgmf), iS>bA, % S-b, A(f-Ab-, 88-eb-; ((f8) f^m^ ^ f R f t t t tRar <ILR^ mm w 1 C'ttm ' ^ ' W T ?im:? R<Mct?
wfAmii, M M w i w m msm^r, ^ÂS? mw?t^-i5mm^ iRt%, ^ t ? emwfe;?^R R '?^'^4 F R ^ T m ^ ? S C ? ^ ? R R I TO A ? I
M ^ , c^sg^mtt i;5>b-s>, ^ffwt, ^ M , i - i i ; ((?(?) m?n mem ^ÎRRT? t>im'*f^ A T ^ " ^ - R M E ? " (is., 1936, Pts. 1
M T M S , mV9^, iS>b-S, iS-Ab; ( E 4 I ) I^, iiiHii, % and 2; ^. Ivanow, REI. 1932, 428-9) R ^ R l t J ^ ^
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m?m? M M m t c m ^ ^'s,'M%? M ^ s t ^ , At., mm tpo'^'iRsji I
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R R T ? I #fAf? ^ R S ?5m? t i m ' ^ mm ^ ^'me^
m'wTt^-timi Ri, WIR"^ "WT^ w m m i ? ?n?R^, mm,
SAtm^ T?5t msm? R^jm^-wrspn w H - w t m % , ttmcsra i i i x f i , -bA f.-â R F R ? ^ Atmt^; () ^ R ^ T R S ) ST"^
msmw? 'ii^m g f R ^ I wt^-^m^ ^mm? ttm? mi
m ^ ' ^ - R R R R l . R. Strothmann, in Isl., 1946, 6, 8,
fij^tw T?=t w i t ? ^ - m ^ ^ RRimr^ I fmiisf w?m # A I ? 10, 148, 159, 202-c i f i m t e ^ R i R i wRR%r^FR
m w ? TO mt^ T M ^ * ^ wtm wiip-^??rR-^femo m?m? mtei 1 ( 8 ) IF) R m R m m ? t m e ? w r e m ^ ^ s. Henry
^Qcô'i I f%Rf w R R r f wtm^T cmrara mm feR 1 Corbin ? R O Etude preliminaire pour le Livre
^mrnl) mR? ar^R^: # A R : ^ w H - ? J t R ^ ?m A ? I R R f reunissant les deux sagesses de Nasir-e
T M I <m'w mpj-RTfm:^-? stm^ 2 I M ? W R W S I 1 Khosraw. Tehran 1953, 14 t . ; (d) W. Ivanow, The
R ^ N " ^ T M fimr m s ? R snsi? 4(?c=i T M I ^ I A I W H ^ I ' S J I ^ ? R R T Alleged Founder of Ismailism, Bombay 1946,
( R R M ?sc?iT 1 fm? îfe(,ii >RM^ îim? i-a^t^F 'ii^mSl 113 t . ; (b) B. Lewis, The Origins of Ismailism,
wtwct WI3FT^ ^ T M m?A TimR? Cambridge 1940, 32 t . ; ('\) ^GAM?5-RFLF ,^8m?^, vs?,
W T R A 5 A ? I w ^ s t ? wT<p-m^''T? ( f f f w R "^m T ? ^ 88t.ffg?Tl
^-? w?n:? % o AF 1 R R f ^tiAtw 4C?iSfH w ^ m R ^ B. Lewis (E.I.2)/-5AmtmfA?tt
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TOT?ft t w t t f f R - W R ' W f fateWf? R R ^ C B w t w t llîlltfe.

I) 8 'w??^-'Wft t f f t - w i ? - w r - R - s m i f w r - T O t t wtSte w t w t r o WfR-WV1? Rap? ^ t f afR? ?#?T?
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R-CIM ^f^W fefl^ t?t1wt W R ? lil^l^ C4g fitRte WW W f tlWt5t4W^ i
^rom .ilt g f ? srro^w fTOR fTO ?5c?^ 1 tww? 2fm sr^Rft 8 ( i ) W f : RtWRwT, W R - f W 8 ^s w w t ? ^ - w t w
( R W W R t 4 W 'RWF ?5W I i8o/lff1-V wwt t ? t f CWft? ftRt (W'RRR?2}? S. Smogorzewski) fol. 1 v, 6r,-13 v;
RtR?< 15rcW#? f w B ? f Rt?TR W W ^ ^sifRo (il4.R51? (A) ]^.^.âsqueray, Chronique d'Abou Zakaria,
Wft-tT''i<c<t> t w i R ^ l M 4r? I wW?t, Wfprt atff t?Tf Algieras 1878, 18-38; ( ) W W f , fwT?, ?W1WT? i o i
W??t? ^'fwtR'sR w Rrifb t w w ? wwct "W-^ww t w R., iA8-oA 1. ; (8) ?T?5ft; (de Slane, Descript. de
I'Afr, S e p t 2 ) 7, 28, 149, de Slane, 22, 63,
ftW? WW TW t w T W W Wf?T-W5'1?" .il^waj
285-^:4i)t?^TOtf5T;;îstdesBerd., i, 220, 373-5;
WW??t .il? W f l W .il4Wi5 Wf=T-W'TW?) .ilt ( ^ W ^ Rw
(b) H. Foumel, Les Berbers, i, 351-355-60.
feWf R?!l R!R R1S} feWf ;5ist35t W? 4f?W W I Wo8t? ^
A. De Motvlinskl-T. Lewicki
R ^ w w w ? WW? W W R t R ? ? I R W f ? , iSi/^-WWt,
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?îW"siWWt I Visigoth ?,%! ^ t R Witiza-<il? tj3 Count Ardabast

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t ? t f w ? W:^ t W ^ ? ? I W o 8 t ? W f ^ - W ^ ? t R '^w? ?sw^8 W f l R W s ? i ^ R e t W s Elvira CWW?,' w f t f w ? Rayyo
t f f R - W ? W R W R - t W % I {RT;^ C2fR W?>8 .il^f^ " W ? ^ (Archidona Malaga) CWW?, WWW RRftW? W W W ?
( R W ? ^ W R l f T t R (Macomadas syrtis, W R t t I Marsa t w W W (Sidona) CWW?, R f R (Hims-Emesa) .ilWW?
Zafran= W f W W4?t^)-.il? f W i IRtfw ? ? I tcllCW ^ t t w s Ctt5t 'S Rw?W?, (Seville & Niebla), Rjjltf-T
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WWf-fR I ?sw^ I t^fRft t ? R ' ^ t R f R ^st3W? WWC?? W % W ^ C=Tt
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t t w f ItJicW?
t.R.Vis. '
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Contents
u^sRt mm mB tg wRms w t??^ ??ra1%R mes tes tsFeimm^ra w i t r o bâ/'iSbo-b^ leF ^

Tj^Hit w ^ I mm?4ie-*t? wm*( stwrm? ^rte mm A ^ .îî msR
af^tit s ( i ) E. Levl-Provencal, Hist, Esp. Mus.; >|,1^H mi^ CimtRs m ^ Wl^pl-trsrss IATS^ (auxiliary)
i, 48-50. C 3 R R 5 T ?5v;|^ ^f%^ ftsfi^ <iistjn5's \srme4 m R m wiRe A S i
E. Levl-Provencal (E.l.^)/ g^T^ni tmft mM
wt^-tmess R^^ ^te cm ^rms mmm m mme\ot
iw Âimw ^^ftas 'itm s f R t e ^ ^meA b-'iib-/i8'i5\5 TO
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'RW v^lAR ^ ??ra^t *Rt A I S I C A ) I. ?5Rs 2tfC5i R R (Kalmucks). emeais iR m|t ^ t ^ i i ^ Ate^ 'tlAte^
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Rm^ 1 lii^ RcjaicA^ WF w H f ^ tTOT fsj sTi^ G i t o 5 tapmR^ s??F ?5%jt cfpRRR ^jcmt ms i b - i o / i S ' j s f f - ' i i
wt<pi-tT?ra <i# AF 1 =ii(.?i ^ 5 i 4 h teat 1131 ?e?ra^lei mR? -'ao i^r) I ifR mei 's^RR .AS ^mm ^mRs w?Rfm?,t ^te "fi^ ^tm m? i
tRoiw? wm trcF? imi Atm R t m ^ ' t ^ (Rat)'?,1? i S - J s t r - C (gmm^5>otC? ( r l S / i S - i i S j - l o ?m
(Kipcak) W^scsR ^sff^^st mm ^stAR ?tri f t w w I AtsieA) wit^-tmes? A S m ^ ^RRns ^tmeA i R R cs
R R br08/i8oo-'ai TO mst*(# ^ t l ^ T O ^ tt^StRsi msij ^ ?s "tR? Rj% ^'R w ^ , R s ^ ^ tes 'tAR e^ftî
w ^ 1 ^R)JjiF4ic=i msfm^ ^f%^ '^FT" R R talR ^tRc4 m?m^ ^ ^ %AR wR^ ^ W RI
^ Rîtst (TR I #Ats #?^t?5raeii? 'sje 'WfRsim R R 'itA'^ 5 f ^ t # 8 ( i ) s>(?o/iff8o-8 TO m R ' ^ t?^ "îm^
sfH 'S WtAlt'i t H ^ î^Hc|_=i^H ttA^t-iira Mongols, 11, 687 tAie CS R ^ ^ R ^ mtsTe^ 'im " S ^
tse^TW ?rsR (b-ffo/i88i)->iis R ^ R F wiett Rtm^ (msitrF RR^ RSRsiv m'iR!RR iR>s m ^ w&it mm, >^ ajc^ i R > 5
^[FRs^tR ge'ts t R t i K e t w f R R ) , wRf^, ^pn^, wr^ m ^ m A ; "g. Rieu Cat. of Pers. Mss., i, 102; e^^Rm
g'ftR R l TfRm ff?^ ^4 s T f R ? ^tra m # F R , University Library m'gRlRfiA or, 852 Û:^,
wi^-tT?ra Re<st<i wtRt! ^stRRo w ^ i ^swt îiRs t?Rtf m?A AtsieA- 'iftsRe^'s #?Ji--5Re3R 'jsm 1?^; <o) ^
tRAteis ^ \ 5 i A R wiTO ^S4H w R ^ 'RtR^ ^,ts'^=f i R t l ' ^ Wt^^-ttsr?s t,3j ^-^R^ ( S u y u n l c ) m^
(S)Oi-iffAff)-^s citRt^ R ^ ^ '^lAR wm? mÂtess
yre^ ^t Tpir?! <ê R'RRs Tjctt '^tAts m^s#t R^^? i
m^ ?5RsTf|e5R I ^[^Rb tR I S ? ^m^R m ^RmR:5R
wT^-tmra? Schjiet ^t ^m^H TfR^^t wra C ^ R m w
RiRpo ^gmf^ ^te; ?m8 m^;m%n-m'miF, 'wR^-rnim^-
f ^'SJ.lfl^lW R[R AS mt, 'il'R R t ? ^ ^ 'tA? tst^ (moiR
wtR->(i5ji?4i'^f^ I #AR e'ttaj m?R# ^5iAR ^wtRrmftai?
"^RJsH) #^-?i%i m^RRe'R mtm R=i i ^ ftist, m m w H Rift <^!ÂiRi4 ?bm?%'s, Ret?^ msiftt-t ^?t^
poR i j ^ M ^ ig^fRstrs's i^ i^ wRsR tRbNFI m\ A S I
mm Rieu, Cat, of Turkish Mss., 277 ff.)-C
miiN<Me-*i^ ^t^RfR Jii^H 'wimj^tA? R^c^ t t A ^ wt^
'm<pF-tR? 3rae^ ^m mm m? i
i f ^ - i i r a Rgs^t b-ffff/ i8ffi-A TO wr^pT-mrra Rtl^rs?
W. Barthold (E.lf/ tmft ?t-f
mR^ Rtsi Tsrswcu mari? A F I ^ I A B I I A I W T S 'mim^tA
tmR^ RtA rnms^rora wRitRgset wt^ m'^-'^s
wRes^ mts[ A S i i)t w s ^t-(Rt-ira ^ sTR^5n ^gsfsR ^tmi w f t - m ^ ( I ) wff, ^'ii'R^fei^, ^ R R * i S 4 ^^ttR
(RtTOs wt^-tRirs? met R ^ cii^m A S i ît^ ?i%r 'aê^? ?bRî, (RR^T (tl^Pisji) mesR mRm Re^R i mm
m^sRHe't? wopslt Rimew #me^ Rftsme^ ^ê^t ateb^ w5-'^$i^ ^5iRt "sfRt m? mt I cse^ t?^-'wT'8?R (5.) mm?
fpst cvo^ Q AS mt I '5A'Wi m i ^ wt^ m'êtfs cs 4R?icAF >fl??, tR5^-'wt^mi -jst/iAt fm#?
ctme*^ (?n4 1 ^^[mi c?p^ ISTA ^tt mn, 'ttff^
timftRêm?
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Contents
Hew ctt W o T ^ g c ^ # ^ 'jc?? c^W 11? ^ %w H. Peres, La poesie andalouse en arabe classique
Paris 1937, 197; (S) W W , Bull, des Etudes
w m - w # , t ? ^ WfTOT, t ^ wm-t*!f# w o - R ' K i f Arabes, Algiers 1946, 130-2; (io) Introduction to
stfR? t i T O f w I tTOatf 1%W35t-Rtoi-? wgprR titRet? K. al-Filaha, ou Llvre de la Culture,
Bibliotheque Nationale C ^ t l r ? R ^ R T O TOJ^ d'Abu'l-Khayr ach-ChadjdJar al-Ichbili,
ItfifW W R ^ H <t>c^4fD ^jR^t ar^ntw t??1% WC^ I Algiers, 1946, 7-11.
Wf^-TOira? ti:W? (TO f W f R f s R i^t^ g ( i ) f W R l t t H. Peres (E.I.^)/ f^Wi tWtt?1*f
(TOttT) f^fR t I T O t Rwtfg] ^ 5 i f ^ TO t ^ ( C ^ l ^ ) ,
'n^ ' ^ t m , {,
STTO; ^flc?? "4^ W W <2fCTOf% t w , ^%?i? W t ,
ff^ RC5R W?WWel? .il?5W^ tWW t 5 W W
(W??fW, w f , ^ wR TOI), W ^ W t , W ^ , ^
tlt^ I fTO iOi.b/ib-Si>V WW W T O CWW R?C??
t# f?e*m i1%wt I (A) c?rtw:t? f?ew 2 t t # s f ^ , mi,
t ^ WW t?WT f ? ?S,eT I WTO " ^ ^ ^ WfRR f W o R
R t J , %t (R, '??e? ^ ^ ' R , W R W W tfBI, ?w? st'flf,
W?"TO t t W R twc?? ^wfef tgfs wrote?? W R W ?iwf
W f .a W4-t?fe? t s T O t ; W 4 - t ? f e %,WW?; Ct!?f^ nifWW,
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t[W, -"R ^ ^,Wrf, 4 W t ^ T O I (o) w f s W i k TOf^
?eWW? W f ^ wwt WfwW f^TR W?"TO-.il? 2tR
W f W wRs # ? feWo ^^[^s?, c f w R TO w f , '4t'R)<t><l w f
w ^ t ^tw ^5iwe4 ww?r|t? .AWW? C?^ R I w e t w w
( t f ^ ' ^ ^ w ^ w f , cnw.tf? -ffB-Wo^f) I ( 8 ) tRrtw f t
t w R afTO ?5e?^ 1 t5t\5#t ^?te .iiRf?n? R R t v s ^ -^tw TO I
l ^ f "WWR<pt-'W1" (WTOt R f W ) ^fe, W?^jwm RsW
WfRR f W T O WWIlR>t#te w w t ? ^ W ? # W t t W I aiTO
cwjtRfRw Rfe<is i ? i w t I t [ f 4 ttwR Wf^-w?? ctR^T
4f?e ttero i ? s R W W T O w?t? ?sR?e?w t t w i atme? TOTO
CWTO WR-W1W4 (WR-WTOF) mm^ wwtRm, sfCWWlWR
?teR IWW3 ^ ^ " J ^ W^ C T O t ^ W ? ^ 4 f l (ff.) W?W WTO
R t T W 2 [ , w ^ wR5t ?w*i^ fêrow? wrt?w ^jR^t
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^ S I R B S W ? ^ W R S ? 4R?)CS?S I R R W T O RRo WtR? fft
f%w? f^w ^ R w ? wwt? -^."r.t we? i .iiww 1R
g ^ r a c t w C^lR? ^ R^lc^-f (^5r?w ^fw? ^^R?
f ? W t - W f e ^ W^ t W ^Rii -<r-f9i-w? 'srn^wTO R ^ i f%t^
TO^TTO) ^ w W f w i f w w g - f w w f RRo
w w ^ w w f W5 Re?R .il??, R-^^'fc^^t? cw?ww^
RWfR-W?! ( W T O ?ItWT t w t i R R bo srWR
wlwnflewt I t?5f ?5fwfw w^!?tTO ^ T O R W W isiff ^. t?t?
4RWrf^-^. Makkari Analectes. ii, 270),
fwot t^tfwtR ?sf?w Rf^ fw5f?ewt ?tTO ^ f ? --^tw ê?
liRlcBtiwlt 2lft C 5 T t W 5 ? a r ^ W t ^ (Cassianus Bassus
frt?^ ?5e?R, w? .iiww fTO wftttw Rwt? twf^ 'ê^ i
Scholasticus), RxWRt-Geoponica-.il? ^Rc^l^ft
fWTO t?tWW ft?1 ^ 5 i f W f WTO CWjt WW 1WW w ?
(adaptations)-.5? W?TW .il??, t w ?T5:'f*r?rt s t f
f^lTOWf ^^ttW?'|Wt1wwI I tt^ C ! S # WW TO f ? t T O
^-R^n^Tff-wwtTOit (5.) te^ w w w (.ilt W W ? t g f W
Wf^ltW? C^We R T W f l CWjt WW WTO RWT R R f w
Wttcw? WW f ^ T O ' l 5.) 1 CWtS? t ? 1W? at^WR w?Rfwfwot^TO4ttwt?te4WR?wt?t c ^ I .ii4we2itt^
toiR>&3.o|2t^ w R ? w 1%f5t ffRf?wl? .ii4l^ Rw?, ^t^ TO?tttaf? ^ ??? f,wwia? ?rf3,?rt? (R)-C?5 R R ?#?t
R?.3Pt^ W T O t tt^<M[ii? Wt? t w w fpi?,W? -a wfSl? t?ttt W ?ff=T-G2tw ^ f ? ^?t wwfRife? WRc %tf Wf I
WTWâ TO TO w t I W T O g ' W ^ TO^ tt?? ^ - f ^ iS>iS> WTO C W L I WW W? fWTO W f ^ t^tRW^T
. ^ t ?w?Re5? R ? ? t ^?tw R f ^ ^ ? t c f I ?sf?w w ? C W W 5 R Wfff we?? wewe?5 % T ^ -^tw 'j? jit
a t ^ t l t S ( i ) t ^ W f ^ - f ^ T O I , C?R iOffa-ffV, (Wf5T-W?W? ?5e?^ mi f?f5 ^ t w t 4 ? wt?f ?^ WW?? f ? WTO twt?
siR W i t t WWfR); (A) J. J. element Mullet, inu, to ?sc?it I c*T? R ^ tt^ w?ra tîw? f ? wfe?? ^f^T?^^? t w t f
Liver de I'Agriculture d'Ibn al-Awam, Paris W R ^ - W < J T O ^ W<3WW WWf W f W R 'f?tW? 'W?^-WtW-.il?
1864, i, 78; (o) C. E. Dubler, in And., 1941, 137; TO?t?-c ?it?t wjg? ST?t ?5e?^ I tt^ wwt W f TO ^5?IWW
(8) E. Garcia Gomez, in And., 1945, 132-4 137-9; 'W?^-wtw-.ii? STj^ tit|[cw wfrot f^ w ?,t??nR 4 e ^
(ff) E. Levi-Provencal Hist Esp. mus. ui, 241; (b) RrtRfc? w?Tw % w tw.8^c?5? 1?t^ f w ? t w sf?t
J.M.Millas Vallicrosa, in And. 1943, 287, 1948, -?5f??f ?T5ntWt ?tftT ?sc?it I tR R4l<Ilf ?f, <MCHSl?t, f5tfw,
351-2; (H) ^ W W , in Tamuda,Tetuan 1953, 48; (v) F W T F R F F W TR .oltlM<l tfWW W .il^?, cm^ W W Rf?
t t w f It'Sew?
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i8V
W?W . i l W w f , lft4t, R w ^ iSVo %, 1. Aff.b-'T.b; ((?) ^*ITfl4

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W ? cw?t^ Wf^f Ww?-.ii? ?^ f f R - ^ ' w R R R^ I R R Babylonlen nach den arab. Geogr., Leiden
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t t w f Rscw?
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W!pi-n#TOt*t?fR
\sTw? o b - T H f ^ i x w ITOTTO ?IRTIR^ (iO cw:ww-t-

f r o 'TORS 'btt!^ i^R^rtW, W=ill tS? i'ls ^Ttff^-W^^STfM, CWt%W, ioHo/ibi-a ?Rs .ilt ^stTT?# afTO
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1%R wff '5t^t?# w i ? # ? t ^rmt ii?ww t?.itt 9m w^wit? ^5it?TS'iR ^jlAW'i'^l'f <3 c t ^ r ^ tltwl??ilw .ilt a f ^ W t ^ t w
w i R t R W t W W f ^WW? tf?R-atWt% 1 ^ttw? ^ !lttf^ ^ .il^? tWSTf .il4WR ?nwT ^<=1IW
^stfW?tf??twaiWf2tWI,, W ? f "Wfw'tTO?W^ W Wf*T W T O t?l? ^ s i f T O 4W't I wttlR ^51?=^^ R. w t ^ 4 ? t f

I W?W T W T O ? t w t ^ l4fWR 1R ?5Wf?'Ti??tW t?S!?t Histoire genealogique des Tarturs, (Leiden
4w^ I c t t w w R R i w H t i W t 4tf5f 4 R w trot? 1726) ^R ^4w^ I w f g w ? RCWt lilt aftRa .541^ ?iR <3
Wt?W5 ôlfWs? ?5W? 1 i<tlro 1. .il4l^ t ? W # t ? W t aiwf^ ? ? I i'ti'Is-iV.il? f f T
iôd^/ibS^ WWr t W R R ? T W ? ^^T? t ? TOWfW W R R t ? W t t ^ Geschle chtsbuch der mungalisch
iodS/ibSS-SO W W W f s ^ - t l f f T O TO ^ t w t ^ WT I TO mongalischen Chanen R t W Mesoerschmid 4 ^
R w w R R wR?l>iw w ^ s t f w f ?TWtj? t w f^st^fw Gottingen ^ t w iTVo (. t?#t ?? i W W R Ch. M. V .
t W ? 5 - ^ t ^ 4W^, ?R<3 TOlTO tl?? W W f?f| W I I Frahan ilr?ff (. W T O ^tc .541^ W T l ^ ^sjfTO afWR
^4TOIW? t ? ? ^ R R 4TW4TO ioffS/i'bSS, ioCt'b/i'bS'b, ^ W ^ I J.J.p. Baron Desmaisons, Histoire des
ioOb/ibSb, iobîbOi <3 io.Ij8/i.l5ffO ^SIRTO ^ R W ?sT?I-'f1 Mogols at des Tatars W W 4 ? l f ^sffTO RW 'bttWt fÎ
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io.l58/i.l5ffo <3 io.!jVi"Iiff"5s W W ; f T O T W ^ s ^r*lH ^ t ? . ^ t f ^ t ? j W ? W ? atwtW^ sRiik?. I
iobb/ibOO <3 io10/i<!5<!5A W W I 4RM3 4R<3 R R ^StW?
s r ^ t # t ? ( i ) Desmaisons, At., o i ? t . ; (?o A.
?T(WJ? 1%? t??T ^sit^ÎFWlft ?ift? W f ^ W W 4TO ^ t
Strindberg, Notice sur le MS. de la premiere
fiiCvsH I W T O 4'RS 4 W a W T j R ? 4l?f ^tW tSlW ?tt^ttW4 WCf.
traduction de la chronique d'Abulghasl-
fR w t t w ? ^ ^ t atTO 4Rc\s'1 ib-b-S>; ( o ) I. N. Berezin, Biblioteka
f r o r t f W f w t 4 Rw^; wT?n? RTO ^ - R w ^
vostocykh istorikov, o t . , ( G . Sablukov ?|4
'jktT?4W? W W t r o t tr^g Rw^ 11^ ttif?4 row t r o r
? r t W f T O ) , ib-ff?; (8 W?TO wft <3Wff C W T O , I. A.,
TTO ^ W?tT % I , R f w t W f t ^ t t % siWfWRtC't?
8t., <lS>-VO I
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j T t ? W ? t ? io'tS/i'WsO W W t ? W l 4 t 5 l ? 4?:?^ 1
t t W f l4SWf?
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Contents
wi^-wHwR-mnf (?f)
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la.Rigi. "5^mA^^
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t?t^ ^ W W t W =TO ? W TO I t%t^ ^ " W ^ f ? ? , % I Hew LIJ?? t?f=T-^Rt?R, t l?l^=1-WWf #t WWtt?^-^f?=T-WWf, RWt.
W W -qro <#!n tTO1 W f ^ t r a ( A b h a r ) t?CW s i f w t w W i .gR. wwiR-"W^^r?' W 9 ? "G .gw f t t W f w t W , ?5T?Wt
S A S / i o ^ l ' ' - ' ^ f w ?wtw w t w T w ? f twsrô w f ? # T O fw iOlyV/iS.>iily, i , AS'Jj, ?<i-o; ( o ) W ^ . - W ^ , fg^ R - W T O ,
WW? # ^ t r o ; 9^ wtw TO w I ^ ?nww ft^ f?5f RWt. Anastas IVlarl al-karmali, W W W , i S o S . , ^ . o.>b;
^ t w n f ? CWT55? T S F ' F ^ W o 'TO^ .a??, W a g f ? WTt?? WWTR ( 8 ) H. C. Kay, Yaman, London, ivs.?, 1. ??s.; (ff)
P(c>siC4 2 t 1 % f ^ TO^, CTWw f % w t w S ^ i f wTWra 'S^.m. W^-?IWTtf, WR-fRI?t?lW, ?n?WT ( i S i f f f f ) , % b-?;
( f f . ) ff^ .a^t?ff'ftwit 'a R ? C ? ? 2lR^ TOJf I 8-OH/io8(t-<b (b) W . JVIadelung, Der Imam al-Qasim ibn
TO ff^ w w w a t m 4i?W ^ ?nw I ^ t%?t W 5 J - W f Ibrahim, ? l f w ihb(t, 1. A o f f i
T T O L - ^ 1 f 4 - (ff.)-'IL? ??t??W:'=t? R ^ ?11& 1 (7tt^.3WW? ^5if^?tf W. IVladelung (E.I.^ Suppl.)/^TO^ TO
Wf^ W ' G T O CWua? CW4WTO ff^ ? T t w w e ? ?5tw 1 m
^sn^-Tptx^ T5rrRw--^TmR ( j ^ ^ ^ i j_,i
TOâ W>G>G?t^, S o V ^ f s H - C S I , io8<b TO tt^ W l f ' W , im
^ \ ) % (Wf-wtif), i8RRw w w w w ? ^
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wt w w f ? W-, w w f ? R ^ t l t W W 1 sfTO ^ptf?
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cwStc?w W W ? (wT'wt?-.^?) w t T R O W=1-^W?R W ! - W ? f
? ^ ?5W^ ( i o f f f f ) t t w f w â w w f ? af^lR? tt%cs ?f5 i
(ff.)-.i? 2ffjy w ? f ? ! C f W T T O ? a r f w ? f|5=i I fro?
i ? R l R t w ? R 5 W ? ^ f w s t i i m t^wtfw ^ - G T O .at ^
i e ? J t w t w ? W W t T O ? W I ? t W s R W ? " W T ? H w f ?ltttT
3pi??TO WW??'?t?n:^ I
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WsWtt'SW^
TOJf ig?? I W ? 2ft%f^fTO W T f ' W , ^tW ?R*I? 4 f ? W CWTI
^TO f ?^ W T R O 'a W T W ? Wtw? W W ? T O I ? W f l l ^ 'a ^5ir3pf-^*w (ff. w^t-wfg)
W#?îi^t^RMtWltf!;^ftWt I 80S./io8'lTOWf T ? ^ ^5rr55-Wi-^ 'îgii^ (^-u j ^ i ) se,w%t
fCTWff W t - f W ? t ^ ?5v^4 W T ? I ^ W W - ? ^5if*(fT5 TSTW s t f w 'wf^m w ? t f?iw?s wewf (f. i o o i / i f f 4 ) o ) - ? A ? ^
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?t|vj|W? f?t"^ . 5 W W ? f t ? ^Wt f ? W ? 4^?^ I T T O - i i l ? ^5tfwf?*t iffff i W W W T O W^tl I ^ t l T O R w 'R lift W w t ? ? mm *lf?
W ? '5t^?nw? siestlt w w w ti?Wtt 4l?W 15tWtTO.SRl^'R t * t ^ t w R I R w ? t w t e t tt^ wsttw ftw 5r?t ?5w^ mi
R R (X):^ ^ W W 4 RWR f R W ( W ? l t w WlilTO I Wat TO? 4 5 R ? ??W f*tW WR^ I
?tf'^-Wa.a?W, 8 8 8 / i ^ , i o f f A W t - f - W ? ^ , W | ? l t t f f t ? ^ (M^ W W 'W?g% W W W t i(tH8 1.W<[^-?tR=T Wtt=T
?t?w T ? ^ w f "5,iRw:?5 wrfw 9^ ^Rm W R ' W W?RW?W4?W? W^tW'^l^W ?sw^, fc? fc? Rt^ Wtl R?W
1 W^-?n?' W R?|i|IW:'=t? atTO W T O - i i l ? TO 'WtWt RWWR? ^RTO WTW?? w f ta|? WS ^t?t i atTO t?tW
?sf?w www .g?? o|?IW >^=il?i^-.g? fwwt SwRâ 4RW C4?lfRt?? Wf?^ W ^ ??; t?5fTOff^ U T O T W ? ffl1?â(t^
^ftw; W W ^ 1 TO 8 8 8 / i o f f A - f f O TO tt^ ?'t5T W W f f W W ?^ mi W?'a ^ f R ^?t RtWR-^Cii? (atTO %Rwtt)-'it? TO
WaRt wfw? W^-Wt?W W R - f " W ? ? % TO f r a t^fiPWt I
W t f W S t t W W ? RS?W^ R f w f RW f^t? w t I t W W W?p-?5iwR W T O W ? arstR ? i %t-t t w f R W W trot?
? j w t w w?^ w t ^ I ^ s i T O ?;.R*rat"=t t r a TOTO w ^ - T O W f ^s,W% W o ^gRrtf%?H IfevVi^'H*tCT ^W^''^?
t t w f Rjiwsi?
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Contents
# 4 f t e tftfe w#r!iw? ferm "^m\^mr%" ôf| ^1? ?R3l3Rt, <3 f^lRii (<t) w t ^ - W T R ii?5Rr
"^t^ WBl5f-*Pll=1 ÂtW?CTt<IIAIC^ CTftiTH ^Rc^F liRl mi?m?-iii? m%i^ 1
w i t WT^TO? 'wrfhTf (spfms) 'R'J^ ^Ri^F, liW^ R fR () m?-t-mRt 8 "fT?^ at^ wt^<3m? ^gm?^-? m ? i 5 j ^ t ;
^ IR R 'sf. -trff ^tc m (8) ^<iibi%-t-m?i miH 8 imm?c? ^fi?^ w^mw? fli?n,
w f R wtft imcs *it[? 'wTRRtrt? msti<Rj Rraro? 5Sff/iffb-1 TO RRo I
wi4<i5)C4 cm RbN4?)ici f^^rat ^m AS; tmrn^tHra c i t (<t) t=3#5r 8 "?ltc<)=i"-iii? ^Fl?^ isv^b R 1
(-Is) ^mm^ 8 m^ ^ ^Rm mm i^b-* ? R 5 (tm
Medieval India Quarterly, m!#t^, i t . , ? mitn?
IT? WtCt, ^ R R "fR-t-tmtf" mw iil<pl^ SR 2 t ? ^
-?jtmwi^--m^^^?5c^(5."^-ttmtrRc?tmci^ I
(1) tm^-t wpjsT-mRm m T[?nmm-t wT?p-ipfgm 8,
^l<i*<tc?? ^\(.iRt ^tRm m?
wRfi-^m-iii? fgi? R^Rh t? ^Jtm? 'wi?gi- i t i R
c?, W R T i m ^"lAiw RiiT? cbtct ciiRtc^ nc?R âî ioii/i-ibA TO wT<pf-wpt-iii? RSt3i ii^TO? ^?5f5 Scmft
wT%w? t^^t^pnlt iffss % \siAic4 wtft<=m;T carat a?, 5tAt w iii?i ioiff/ivbo-is-i TO ^ m=t^ ?5c? I tm?
citnR R R iii?5:R s p t m >a cim?!^ Rmc? w ^ cmtrm? i^RmRw m i i?nmm^-t 'wiw^ ( i o i ^ R.) 1 i i tc cit
tf?b? c^R I lilt ?m;^ ^ { w i ? ^ t i-isoo 'sj. V01A1C4 m ARift 14^1 RStat ^ tit?icA, mm wf?Rc?? ^ ^tc w t ^ - i t ^
iii?i^??ratc?tmAmTlt-tiifitm^?sÂ?ii i-isoA f?Rg ?mtA? Rr^ RRimRc^R 1 a? tea ^ mtmcA
(tiAsrm ciRii Rbta. c?T?tT w ^gî) wH^-?niimc?s w i ^ - W i T R ? Rcsf? '^c RR^ m m ^ ^ î^^ttc^ R1R5
sfvojtmocF? "sm m\ A? ^''R 'tHsRf ciRci? ? f tm?^ I o? tea "iR mtmcA RR^ sfc^ 'fRm i??ssr t tm
imrm ? M f ? RiA 0T ctmiR?rm ^tc R^ cmt (srra ^ ? ^ 1 8 < tc ?ftmc^ ff t3t, ^m? irm Jti tajl^ mi?s?c??
l l t ^ ) TfC? WRmft ^ îtm? ^ t ? WtSFIt w mi 8 t ^ i^c^ 'mimjmA t R S?c<t4-'ii? m n RRi^, m#t i?Rit
?l?l'5i-wr^3?lR, ioii/AA wrt%, i-isoc!, TO ^ k l w W w i RRg (mm m^-mi'^-m R R s 1 8 < t'af^ <^'41icf
? M f ? RlA OT W l ^ - W f C S T ? W?5 ^s%1 t=1lAI<t1CH ^ t j , ^m? ?5R %ftj5 af^ttc? i??R^ mtc^ (R3|R^,
ciPicit? Rif5 tt^ntm cfRi iii?imc*m mft w?t wRmft sfoictt Sit., b^bSi) I
m^ A? I 1^ rSrri wtw? w ^ i^R A^ mx tm? (b-) ?=?!' w i ^ - t w t ^ - m t g m 8 wraR-mRm->ii? ? i R t
^tmA?tmcilTO?^t?^5im?wt^^m caH?ftR?r?m i tm?^, ^5im? ^sRFf-^ 'smwfT mm^RT ^Rmrfr? 1
wt^-^'5[-iii? m 'jg 'mt?f3-?iA"m5T t R i^ssio mm? (s.) f m m 8-t-mftt wM#t s ?Rfe wir^, wt^--jm'i
1? # R 5 Rc^'.ii??.f?m? atcffct? t w Ra^ AtsiiAWH 1 m f t - t - w m ^ f R m RRt?iR?R, R^ m^mcF ^ gâim,
?5m?^ s ( i ) wt^m? mm^ s wbir-wt'ct? i m 3 # ?Mf. "^t cm^ 5f^tTc?t ^ R?R^ mt 1
tea ?Ro lilt sr^ wi?s?c?? *3?"5?mm:t? i ? R -a #m? s-is ?e?i? (wRp-WTR ?r?^ mftcî? mm tji^mm îrft?mmt5
<iiistv^<Mci? f?^tRs tRm^ I i i t Î4?c?? ^n-st^îct? 8 i ^ c^t?5 Rc5=R I ?^ cm^ ^5Kt? Rrct? <3 m w i * ^ ?^mtt#?
?eTO wsff^ m'?R, ioos/iffs-is TO A? I tm? wtm? ?c^ C5^ ^Rmc^, R^ tmr 1 ^ Ate
wit s attmict m53?cw? ??.t-^mRm iii?i ?T5? ?m^?R? ttc?5T mt) I _
tPR?sH R R t ? ^ ?RT A?; Ritmict wtw?? mmwim? i i ?? sr^tift 8 ( i ) wT<i5t-?m!R w t ^ - t - w m t f , -Rft i ^ i A R ;
"stc i i t ?c?? immt t w tRmiRR?^ a? i a? tea (A) Rsn^-%1 wTAmw mt^, ^sTm^Ts-t wi4?i5l, ? S R ^
i i t ?c?? ctm? ^tc S'ls'isi m^ t w 1?R^ R^m? ^ t isii %; ( ) mAFT'am? t R , m'wtfl-msi-îim, ^#mm ioj
?ttme5i R ; (8) tRnfS m^m? (Elliot and Dowson), History
of India, -Ist., i b - l ; (ff) 'rnlmj^t-^-lR? AM\^,
(A) mt^-t-wt?;mft 8 cm cÂ tmc^ wi?s?i? miH-? ? immtT1[-^'amf t . A t . , (t'C?# w^. ^=Lowe) <!Pi4|\s|
ttm?5c?m, Rg s f f ^ t c ^ tm'^^l^ ?imr mcsiH iSiAS (b) T[AWR 'Wl^ yn?Rl ^sHf ^, ?f?AHl'5'=1-WTm?,
wit=T-?n^ iQ m?iitTO? ^ t mtmcA i tm % t r a im; A t . , C W R io-Js:* ( 1 ) storey, Persian
R^RiRo R*i?>t5Â ^mr ^ mtmcA ( i ) ii?m?-a mmi; (a) Literature, i t . , A <3 o ît, iSnsi : ( b ) -^Tm
'immT?^; () tmtr m^, wf-mtg ^ a t c i t i ^ t i i ^ W i ; ( 8 ) ^mt?^ mimg, m??i?-t mt^mf I
R51'stm?, voiAicW'si mR:T-ii^R, ^mmr^ 2|R>^h, Rgmw? sptmn mRsg (m.m.t.) ^si%r
timftRjicm?
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Contents
Wf=t-w?tw w^-tt?ittf
?tC ^ 4t?W O?/^^ W W T W t1f W?W? f t ! ?IJ1?

iii?5fTO5? ^ t R ? t t w w w ? WWR ^wtt ^tw ^ r w w
W ? m^ f w ? w w w ? t ^ t -^Rw *)l?.?ic^-i W W tR
w t ^ - W t w (5. rmnx t?fR-Wtf) W W w w w ? >i|ft^Ct fiftfH w w w ? ?5TO f??r5 t?.?W5T ^ f
W?w 1??li:s^ WW www? R45 c'^ftw? w t I- ist f w iste ^
af^ W ? f <iwi"Stf? Tgsi'>it??w? t R ? I t tw#f?i. m^ >8?=^'f4
W?-siti1 W T - f ?lf, W W i^RWfW, tlf?Fs^4. 4f? I W^ wi? ^?t ?ft?n:51
^\r8ffyt>% tWFtTO-'^ [t?H] (liltW-tjt ^StWW t W t ? | f ?W Wf); W ^ - W t l f ? atRst t ? ^ t f W 4 '?tc iAVe/iV'bV-'Jsii. t w
R f R R HJSR W W f W l H ?S.rW| (W? tfS^^lM ? o W^Q IWRR ^ t r o tft ,^WT (R. Brunnow) 4 ^
^wwr s ??i?^ TO^Wf WW?) I .g^'prc^^ R R Rcwr mm t?tt^ ?i-5j st-t?f^ -Wwt ^ W ^tS I (The Twenty-
^'w (WW? ^"w w:? w ? f # ? w ? ^ 5 1 ^ ^ WW?- sfsitt 5. first volume of the kltab-al-Aghani, W t x ^ i v w
W?RWfl, ?tg"t^-'sit^, 8 Hv) I R R WWTIOT R W W5 W:??? % ) \ stri? ia?s -spTWWR (Lacuna)-lil? WW a. J .
mi #?w? c?%t Wt w t cttww ^5|R?[tR5 1 R R Wellhausen, ZDMG, ivhb %, '>[. i8(t-i(ti i sic^
f?!?? ?lW?5Jt? Rw? 't?tl?!? ^ f ? W=T-f?tWf? (i?^ 'W? 2R 4R?ilc^H I. Guldi (wtw^ t ? , i v s e - i S i o o iw u.
?^ % w ) i^*i(<i<p\si w ?5R^nR?=R I wwewc w ? ^ - w ^ W ? m T T 'Rff^ fW4 t!L-iii? A? ^ t - i i i t-a I.
AWiif i 8 fw-R"^ ?twt% TF??ie? î?t? W5]IG 4?? %r I. Guidi-? ^13^3 t t ^ w t ^ ?tt?Ttf (t%f t?WtW=t, t?eW*lf,
i8 f;^-R'srt,- oe>5jAo w:^?, ij'b't R R WWWT-'S t R w ^ ?5Rj5T? w s j w W W ? t;?R^. ? T # ) ; ?n?tw
I f g i ? ^îtw? RfR W^WHR I îlW? R ^ . ioAo/iJoe-iJo.5j; F?TTO W^F? Wt-f?#f, Wtft?
Weai? w R w ? WW W ^ - W t l f , o? R?, f R w , i f f - i H 1. g. 1 (T?jW*H), W?WT iOOS/iS.ie-iSii'b; W^-WWf?-? o? W ?
W-Wff ?<w ?fiRi?, R R RR^ R?iR Rs R c w ^g?? 'tw^ iwf^ t ? ^ t WW 2TR t t ^ t ^tc ^ ww?-?wfwr
sn;?! t?5?5W5 ^t!?^ fl^ 1 W? 4 R W R=T W W 3 l ? ' ^ 4 ^tc5 i S A i - ^^s??tw 2RWFt ?tyic^ ( ^ w f t??i ^ti:,
I W ^ ^ ; (wm (wm W W t w 4^?^, R ^ *tf? ija->5j/ijeH 1.) I
cww?5-tR65Ff t R w ? - t R ^ WW? atR cwr&t Rc^ w 1 WfR-wiw-iii? w f j iii4wR tt ?iw w w w ? 1w5
C^tff?E^-W4TR^-llRf? W W W I ^ ^ 1 t?t ^^W^ tf?lt
Rwf^-wtif (tf WW? tîxf^ ? 5 W I t?i? R ^ R R
at^.?MWsAff?tw?5WfTO?t?n: W f lf??s.w?.
f t ? ?<Riw: <1< e o ?st? ? j ? - W W I ^gtwrt^^ c t t ^ ^ ^
lilW f t T T O i f f w ? #?5T-'M? ^ Wt?R:? ?7WW.^51WW?
^3 TO (WS! ?!CW, WW w f w W?r5?-W%f-i4? f^ww e t f e
f?'fW?W? W?WW 'srSffT flw^; f%fflIsi'SFFOIP? w : t t^R wt
w?4 t?wf5i wR-wR''#, t>ii)f*fi t?H W T R fW??'
^Wt 1?? atWTt ^tW ? # ^Wt W5[CW1W?^ fll??t
t ? f ^ - w w 5?=t ^^fwiRw^ mi < i ? ? # W w t ^ t ? 5 ' t?^ 4W?t 1 W W wf?t? twt ^ TR?-ia? #?^-^f? f ^ af^
t ? ? i f 5 i w^T.wsR'f fJTS'ffw ^^tfw (?fcR I Wf5T-w?tw îtro
^ 4R?tc5=T iit?i m^ w!5tR WW? ^sifw i f f ? #?^-'5f? t ^
lilt afr^ w?R, t?^ f W ? w w? wiwsrtw??s WW'S 4}^ t W ^tlWrfJt, ?TW?t W^t-ff "Wf^ t?W? (ASff-oAo/
w % F t TW? ?<iitRR'*w:t? W5T t?5TOFr ?sc?^ mi ii>o<\-joA)-iii? t i w RsW ^^ tt%W^ 1 }"^WR
Ww?-tc5f t w ^ T O R? f4 -^tc? iw 41?^; f4f- i9t c?TO, % W 'mtR ( i o o < \ R . ) wwi4-ia fRo w = w ( i o e o
Iw? 1R ^ ate^ ^^WTlfWWW ? R ^ ' f f f ^S,T?^ R.) 2t?#t (lit?? io>iiV/iJ8J Wt-WfWW W ^ W R W4?-iiI?
' S ! ^ ^ <tR?lc^^ 1 ^ w t?w- c?t w ^ t TO ^ a i r ^ ^ ilt?lc^, t w m r o WW? t?m wswtt); wwt. t?. ( i v s ^ i R ) ,
^TO ?5f?WW? #?JT-bRc^<) ^t? f?WfWe? WWt4W 4(?illC^'l WW 'Wt?W-%t Wf-WWT^-iil? f W t T O , t 4 R - W ? T f ?W-
lil??. ^KiW'Si #?^-i>Rcii'a tft klw<i w f ? ?^1TO^ Riilc^f I t ^ t ^ (margin)-lil t t ^ w f ^ ^t?tT;^,'^ ^
lilt^lM f??f!?W? (Composers)WWt'S t?WT R??t 9rs\(Sr< 1 iJrf^ f ajlW? I
^ ait^Rt^ w f R W W (Rl3r^, WWW? 2tt5ra f ^ R ^ t t f ? WfR -W?tW-iil? W t ? M 4^ ^ W R f ^ t w t t j ,
(tR?it), w w t w 4 ?j?^, W f ^TOit? w ? i f twR-'RiR, w??if wew w w w R fiR f w f w*rff? I w ? iii4,wf% w i . %
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WwTe^ I iwR^W, W ^ - W t l f ^TO^f ?>Rw w t wtft^ ^t TF?^ t ? W ? s c W I '
t t w f Rjlew?
t.RVAO
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Contents
wti5T-^m?m t ^ im%t
S ( i ) t?^ t#m5T, -Fl ffi, (mm 11. it., A8,); îAic4wr3R-mf?i^ R ^ mi?s wt? liiWT m?mft Rc<j>'
(A) THf ^, t?tPf, fft., i8S.-ii!ib-; () t ? ^ - t r ^ WH- ;5i?i^ w1%^ m?t? sm I,
mTRI^, mfH mtRR, iit., S.b--8oo; ( 8 ) Brockelmann "mm? ^ mRt ^ m? mt i ÎAI? ?R mm
it., i85s fRRit, it., AAff, AA4i; (a) m^-mm-m i5]mg3Ffi?>' R S K F I ^ A ^5te tAit ar^RiR A ? , '^5=TmF t??ttti
jfrn^fs m^ R m i siAic^ ^RH ^RoT? 85ss./ioi>!s-i TO m ? f ^ - ^ mA"^ ttcAiw, m?m%R?
wt^r-wm^ iT#?i ^tj stR.sK^ ^ wiR-wrfTf ? ii->im Rijaiw^ ^ m^ssstRRR (m# wtm mRi^) t w w R R ^ A ^
/^!V|4R (it., iff-Al) W3^X5ftC^; (^) ^ . ^ f t l ^ - ? ft#lft- fjc? wt^-mfm^ CTt g?me? im?# ftme? #?5T ?5 mim \
1 ^ ime5. H. Ritter, Oriens iisSS. % 'J.AI'b t. i i s m s RRi mrr^-'^tw? ^^?tRwilt t?mif it?
(Ri>iHi-'wm?-ii? m t ^ itm^R wR-wm'tft mi'few? mfw3 =iicAiw? g?mr? ^ttm? ^ mfjt ' ^ ' ^ i
mi*^ 8bo-s.Viobi-s.s. i m ^?te CTttiw m?m (^.
wm-wm^ ^tc atAt ?it R R ?4i^vihtvi.4'otc< iiistitsicH; iit g t mâtRRf? w f w mm:? viiSFli^CA? ^ i ? C. E .
^ it^R-ifi? RRo ^ m tra t^Tim? Bosworth The Later Chaznavids, Splendour
^tcmmt ilt(yllc^ <if5 wiCA (Ri. iVA-ivff), R f i, ff and Decay : the dynasty in Afghanistan and
4) t9 t?mif wl? V ta ( ^ RRt^ Aim t l w ) i?.?R^ A? northern India i040-1186, âRim'f i<11 % ^.
mt I mB '^^RfRt R T tfi3i<ii; R f iftt 5j j^^c^- ^4î<i <ij)Al? b<t-\r) I ^yprm^ ? mi'^-ia? ^<w?^ ?R5 wRrmit ^Rm?
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manuscripts in the British Museum, At., ffSl-v, bdii, 3 2 9 - 3 3 . 8 5 3 t . ; BuU d'Etudes Orient, 1 9 3 1 ,
1 4 9 ) 1 1 ? R Wl?fl # ? ^ bRvsilHI? ^5tAt??R^ ?5R^ c ? t
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w^cBR?, ii-ia AW-c ^ r iA i^rns RSOT R R 9m m s j R s ? 4 t R m m ? w R 'S<f^'^< ^?t R t j . Gognier
blblCÎ (\5'<<l>|^F A W - ? wR'tR) ^ - i t R f f n - i w i w t ? A? -m R l ^ t De vita Mohammedis (Oxford 1 7 2 3 )
1TA"?W? TO ItWR (Margat) W?M*t wRm? W R m J. J. Reiske J. G. chr. Adler-ia? R i ^ t Annales
^ i R o R?R (>bbr8/iAVff) I i^ClvbHCHil't??^ w R l F F R C A R R Moslemici (Leipzig 1754 and Copenhagen
w i t s f A t ^Rsif^wF I <bJi>v/iAJi>Ji> m m Aim-? msfc^ i 7 8 9 - 9 4 ) - ' a ? m r n n I tm? ^ m^ e t t l ? ! ? t^ll^
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4"Mi^'i-'a? ^ w s i A^ I Aim-? mm ^^rnrn m c ? ^ t m r r i f R ^ m R R ^ ^ t p i ^ a<M4Iw R s r m ^ ^ At?icA
R R w w m ? m<f cb^ w ^ I t r ? R R mi;^ t R m r ? ? m?t (?iAt? w R ^ i t t I5m^? w i ? f t m g ? R , i o i -"im^? Rm^m-
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m ^ r ^ m , iio-ia mm-? rniîwi R ^ af I w ^ s t ? liA/iîA iat}Ri? m ^ ? w r ^ t m r ?RR A t ? K A ) i iAi/iî
m m ^5tAi? mimf^ w^35t1^ ^ # A i ? . mi?s (Riim m m m i 4 A ? '^Ri 1?mif s t r r ? ? ? ! f c m ^ a l r ^ m r F ? f & t
A? I R ? l i t ??!? t r ? ! w m t m t^?OT? TO \SIaIc i m i R mt^t ^^Rm ^ I m m - ^ - m t m i j % tm ' ^ r ^ ?^ ??m R R
mRt!;?m wmR5?-is[? ? m cw^m a? I Iai? ^ R s i i A F r t ? ? # m m tm? ' ^ H R ^ R i R s m ? ^ s i f ^ a?;
R ^ R i f t w t^? ÎHR>*I-.IS[? TO mt?s R t Ri? I t ? ? f s [ A m t?^ w t ^ R m f m m c^. i/ievs)) m ^ ^ Rra
?,i?'sRi7, Rr? m w ? 11? m m ? fkmi?5m .?Rs R i R ^ R R l ^ ^ m R ? m^'R i i i t t m f t ^tc^ t^%i'
c?Rmfr m^T-timr? m m n R ^ ^srm? m m ^ w^ i t f ^ t t t m ? cm^T (?pR m i r t ? R'Mtgm m ^ p R ?5t?mn^
'ii(/ii<i'-'5o m m R R Ai^-'a?*Scnt(:*t ^g=im^ ' ^ a T ' ^ - ' ^ TO (John Greaues, London 1 6 5 0 ; J. B. Koehler,
sffttlF W ^ I \slAl?l ^C? 4ltlWl SjvsjHâF Rw i i y.Al??lV, Leipzig 1 7 6 6 tItf^) i J.T. Reinaud
1A0/AV c^RFmlt, ivsAo-ig \siAic4. Imiim^-t ^ i t ^ K i ^ ' MacGuckin de Slane 'PmmTt (Paris 1 8 4 0 ) m r ? ^ ia?i
_ 'wH-vilPi$=i-i'mi?j|g' Rm? (Tf^ A? l i R i R R m ? i??^ tFC?? Reinaud (Paris 1 8 8 4 ) Stanislas Guyard (Paris
^ t r ? #At? mqRt (Rm a? I t f ^ m t ^ Rmr? <a 1 8 8 3 ) ^ A l ? m g ? R ?sr?5T I w^Ro ajTi? 2(tsj taR75 wR
mRc^j? ^ t l > ( 4 ? i c t m#Po # A t ? R i ^ tjiR ^gmm^-ig? t?TmT5Rt W3^% A t m f r ^ m A t ? RnRTmi
TO ?f;^t!^mt?5 ^stm? "fgi ( i V i i ) t ? ^ w ^ R t I Introduction generale a la geographic des
^m^rRm-iii? i A t ? m ? mm m^-mmpi .^mmg ^tim? Orientaux.. WT^'^T-Rpm'-? f r t m R^HRs" t f W i ?
^^mRRs;, TO#5 R i m m ^ - t m ^ r m m ^ Rmr? ^Rs af t s T t m i r m f m5?R?fAmrf; .ii^Rc^ ist fiRR sr?!^ m t t i ^
(wl^m-RmRimR^R^t?^^!^. Z D M G , b d i , 6 5 7 - 6 0 , ^ ? T Q R ^tc Rv^J^ wR R f >i^=iF ? ^ At?ir^; (J.H.
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W L P - F F ? W?-?TFF
K R A M E R S , I N L E G A C Y OF I S L A M , O X F O R D 1931, 91; ^ . w w w ^JSfWRW? R W W T I W ^ f <! W 5 f - W l t W ? W 4 f ?

C . E . D U B L E R , A B U H A M I D EL G R A N A D I N O , M A D R I D t W W iil?# ^RW W W ?t?H^ I ^ .T4fw WtTOt,
1953 182). W ] f e 4 G . S A R T O N - ' I R ^srf^w R R tTO fCt? wr?w?ww, RTO tiapm *if? wt^-Wf^T ^ f ?ww? 'WW
(2# fCtMRj) I .
TO^'F ? T O TC5F twR w f ^ R wcWbW 4?t ?t?Jic^ I T?tx
ar^fit s ( i ) A U T O B I O G R A P H Y (EXTRACTED F R O M T H E
H1^? W ^ f w ? |W? rJ^ ?W TO I w ^ t f w f w ^ f ?
HISTORY), D E SLANE I N RECUEIL DES HISTORIENS
a r t t f r ? ? ^5WT? t w w ^'W af?fW W T W f TO I W f R -
DES CROISADES, O R I E N T A U X I, 166-186 ( W 5.
ff? W^pfiaff f ^ T T O twt www W f - f T i t t Rf'l
APPENDICE 744-51); (?) W ? l t , W t t ' ^ - t t T O , t R R t ,
RWf'^-WtTO t r ^ W w w ? ?F%w ^ R ?T?trf^
L E I D E N M S . 765; ( o ) f f f , "WsW (mm ihdi) i t . , 'lo;
( B R O C K E L M A N N , it., 0 8 0 ) I
(8) ^ I W H , Wf-fTO^R-4|Rn, ^ I W I T O (iTtRttW) i081r
artfft S (i) S T O R E Y , S E C T I O N i,^l>b; (?) H . M A S S E ,
R, i t . , b, ? o , ?8, M E L A N G E S W . M A R C A I S , WiRn iSffo, 1. ? 8 O 1. I
(t\r-b^, H8, SO, i o o , ' ?S?-8 ( W R - W f f^-ifl H. MASSE (E. 1.2)/R^^ff^W?WT
. C<P% m ^ f ? t ^ l C ^ , ' 4 M M i S 8 i , i t . , \rH, S o , iO'l, i 8 ? ,
i-Js-Js, iS>b, ?o?, ?oir); (-Js) i ^ a n w ? , L E S B I O G R A P H I E S D U
T5(t?pr-Y^" ^TRlR (5. WWs)
M A N H A L S A F I ( G . W I E T , 4 1 W f i S o ? ) t?.tTT 8 o A ; (<^) :IT|W-Wr^* ( v L S - J I ^ 1 ) s WR. i??i-??, t ' ^ T O
f f f t , 1TO5l^'t-R#%m, -Jst., lr8-ff; (b-) F. W U S T E N F E L D , Wf5t-?tW t t ^ ' tff'^-^'W?? W ^ - W W f , -RR aibRo -sj^g G
G E S C H L C H T S S C H R C I B E R D E R A R A B E R , 1881, 161-6; ( S ) ? T f f ?w? wn?w 2(Wt' W??i R5WfR-?twRw 's?rR'.
BROCKELMANN, 11, 44-46; S I I 44; ( i o ) M . tW-WR|Ti R T ?5TFFTTF?f-WWIW W M W | R W W >fl?#
H A R T M A N N , D E S M A W A S S A H , W E I M A R 1896, 10; ^ i R ^ w ? ? ^ ?5C?^ I c?tTO tafB W 4 RtW?
( i i ) C A R R A D E V A U X , L E S P E N S E U R S D E I'LSLAM, W f l f ??.XW ?lWt. W ^ - W f 5 R f ? T T O (i?ilr-ob-)-ifl?
P A R I S , I. 139-46; ( i ? ) G . S A R T O N , I N T R O D U C T I O N T O C2tR ifi^ttR wjg? w?TW ^jR tW Rxt^t; '^fit ^Ttw.
T H E H I S T O R Y O F S C I E N C E , I I I , B A L T I M O R E 1947, 200, W t # ^ W f ?1f?tWW^RW (?1f?I^Ft'-W'S?t) '6?t'R-tf#R<3
308, 793-9; ( i o ) A . ' A T E S I N O R I E N S , 1952, 44; ( i 8 ) ?W??ti
W ? W f -CtRFt TOTt, # t - t W T O W?ft, ^ 'W?f?-
?t?TO 1 % fftSt, WCTO itii'Jsi db'b-H I wtWiff twT Rf?/'5f?j W!fw> ? w t ? ww^^R?w;t?,
H . A . R . G I B B (E.I.2)/5[t. ^. I . f S W ? ^ ^ RW?^ W R - W t W t iS.)-m W ^ T W Rtn tWWTtWW?
TOTi 1 lilt w f ^ R ^ g R t t i i t w %o? ^ w ? t t ar?t
w ^ f w t ? I R R -oiifiitR<t= 8oo/iobr<^ mm
ff?ff/IIOI W ? W F T W R I ^f?t? w r t T O t ^ w t i l ^ ( W f p - w ? w ' - w ^ f i ?
^ R s ' - R ^ H I îfTO Rww? icsd "W ?^5^^Ri t f ^ W ? ? t ^ RW) t w ^tfW? ^^Wtr< t R P i >stf<ijR?C'F?T anrs I
R R 4Rw 45W 4 R w T Ii)?;, W?[ 'stw ifiÎSR R w 4 ^s^w
(5-) Rwt I 'twr W f W \sKic4 ifi?5igR 9(1^^,
Wf^-'WWTtw? W?jw WR ^1 I R R R R ^ R 5 W ? f ? '
? I 2 R T O 4 , W 4 f ?4t? '*rtR4 w R ? f w t ?tw <ra^ t
s f f W ? ?Rw t w (Rwit R w f ^ - T O ' R # f R w f -
WR-"sRWf? "sn: (wwt%fR-f"Rf^) R R w?-wwtwlt?
tifR5=r-^:tf?, R?Rf, -Jsb-) Iii?? ^TW-wRw 1TO t f ? W R
tsrwsrfw RccH, RR w w t w f t w TTO R ^ ?Rw ^ t
f#r^.WTO ^g?f sM?W ^tsiWx^ (?1TO, it., ? i A ) I
1 t r o w t wf^-fff^'-ifi? w?#g.f'wRw iTORR
T f ? -^w 'wwtwr^ I f ? T T O 4'iif f arwt ^RÎC^H, WW? wiww ' W W T?R - R R R W I;5.) R W ^ WfR-w?w'-'fi?
WF5I-ffs:Jiil? W T F f ? ffio/iii-Js WiTO. 'JIW? W I Wf^t-ff^- ?TRW (WfR?5|f), R f 1 T O 4tw t r o 2ft? tj;1T R r t
^^1^t?tT:f I
Rc-stw Wf^p? (R)-ii?.WW^ wR' t w <pt?^ (?t)-iii? ?s.R*ra
r^f(^ g ( i ) w R w , W T O , it., bb, .Aff?; (?) R?Rt,
Wwn w f 4Rt\s"H I tTO Rti W f w - R T O ?it w^s^-'wro'
W W W 4 % at^ttR (C?TO iSoff, ^ TCSI, ISO<^, R T T T C Q ) -Js-Js; (o) tWT f5-W?W, it., <î; ( 8 ) W ? f ? t f ,;f'G?ttW?',
w f t 1%R ? n f W 4 f ? w 3 w ? w wf=ti w iib-, ib-o; ( f f ) . f ^ , SRtta, At., ?8S; (b) ?tf^^WW, ibt.,
^sfs^ w f ^ w ^ f W 4 f ? T F T ? s w i i i I ^ isir^ ^fRw? R R b:S-So; (<^) f t W f , D M 8 , ? ? 8 I
Rftwi:5=T, W f f WRSTTW^ (WW5W T?.tjTW?i W%w R R "wf C H . PELLAT (E.1.2 SUPPL.)/W?l^WWi
t t w f RslwT?
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wi^'^-imws on^-'^Rtft wt?-ii?i%
mm^' m ^^2?^ ? R R T Rmm R ^ R I # i m ? RRomlf mm^

((^d^jJI ( ^ j l x J I >;:.L5:Î 8 t?^ t ^ m f l t ? ^ mi^ ^ mpjmf^ 8<io/io<isRistAt w ^ 1
YANiw, ^f?m# mrntRiT, W I I F ^ ( ^ ^ ) , -^'^^HR^t ( ^ ) , ^ S R F ^ R l f ^ lilt 1 ^ ^ ' ^ T - A T R R m%T t ? ^ fAm^ltA-'a?
lAiRt?, m 88ViQffo-ffi I Rsf tA? m i m W # w t R . R ? R I 'RmSRfnR R R RRsiwict titR w # f W R
R w ^4C?5T la^t, istms R H O R -JTR Rf<t>H wlfit4, wimrm m m m R ? m^mmit? RReRriw mqRt m w ^ t Rt^
î<ii<[=i,5i-ia'^<)^H w ^ iwrmrm R R sffj/io-io ^. wt^ mtmwt m i ? i R ^ R C ^ F I R R m=n^4 ^j^m^ttt?^ R R R
wH-mtR% Rst^m-^TA f w ? R R R ? R I ^stm? #?%m?tt m4 <piR^ '5tr ^ m?, Rf%^
t??fb5 'f?^ w*(if'Rf w ^ I ( T N I W R R '<iii)mH,: 8^8/^^ ci, i m R ^?iAf? *jkm??s mgmA ^ I A I C H ? imrnimit? ^ mit
io'iA ilRi'Twl^'wf?RfiAiAMgt^ 'wi^wt'T-'wimft^ m t r ^ m ^ 1 R R '(Rt^ ?m7r t i m i af^t
i m ^ R^'A w T f t i T ? m^ f?wr& i?.?5a^ 'Rm^'?i-' w ^ I #tAl? # ? f ^ t = t îtAl? t i m t ajAt mtr RR^ 'S'sn:??
^ t w ^ ( w m i a ? # ' s ^ , ^tm? RRemfRf 5i=iH
snRjtf 'wt?^-'Stl<MH t<ii-^Rl?R.%T-f5rr?m-? R ^ , R R tm? mA"'53R-'^? ( R t r s R R & m - R t ^ > ^ m ra t'lmi af^t
R m m t>R?i%iF i R i a i ^ M w ? 1 ^ A t o o I isn^-^t^m^ W R I W I M ^ I U ' Q ^ , > p H illl'^^T m%Pt W M - i { > f l ? R t O T ?
R w ^ i m i R mt^'miiRmA mt^-'wtm% R^^'^tr t ^ m^ sim^jR ^ m%pR mR^ tmR ^tm mf|^-?Rt?>t^R# A F
i t m ? < R T W R I R R w r i , t i A ' R wii-mt?'^-?iiRw liRi^sR^mm? mctiwpTO (Rm (Rm?RR ât mrm^tajAt
R m ffR ^Rc^-H ia?i mmr tmrn^ - ^ R C ^ F I mtw^t R r o 'ûm) I ^mTT R R w ^ ^tm m^ lii??, R S ? ^ ff>bo/ii>B8-ff
RRs af^m^tA^ t ? J i Rft ? R 5 at^ Rm?[m-^*? mm? ' R mtmw mm ? R 1 w m la?? ^Rrsn:^ m?AR*fÂf#
mm mRRt * 1 I < M W W I R W I T A ( ( ? T l t ^ Brockelmann, SI. m%m # A R 1^ ffsî R./iiffA ^. ^ t ?5c^ I ^mm?
192). I mmi t ? ^ 'wi#? 'Si^m wT?5T-mm?ms 2 f R ^ Rm^ ^ % R ' R R S ? R 5 t ? ^ ' ^ - R 5 T t R ' , # A t ? Rm ?f
mRt^smc? m?^ ^'mt msmw Rm^ R ? H , ?Rs m*ri?=t R R R M F wt??tAR t ? ^ t?m-ia? ^ tiA'i5(>' R R ^ mm? stm?
îm? ^ mîw? R ^ #m? R m i cm^R mRtr^ laii Aim^ spt^c i<R# <tiRioi s^m ?5c?^ I
m?"m? ^ i ^ i i M t mrs'sm ^ r r ^ R C ^ H f C ? R ^ ^^îi? R^c'ct w R R - m m ^ - i a ? 2t?R ar^ 'Rm^'^^-^g;'^'?; tmr
RR mamti 'jf A i f M ^ ?4m ^ R C ^ F ia?i m?^ mo 'smm, mmRwRlA sTfR R W R (Naturalla). ttlRst^
w^mra m^m atm^ ^ R C ^ F I ^'s;m%t m?%- momT m^mr? R R ( m R R ^ - m e t a p h y s i c s ) wTmtRs At?ICA i ( a t X ' ^
'^\'ipi< l ^ m ' ' f R W R ^ A'am?' ^'g'ilH HiiR ^^5;^ I mm^v^Rf jH<Mm A|?gm?R ^tc iffWi!! mm"
R R H mm^, <hss./A c w m f , iis* mm ^fm? ^'ij??^ w ^ 1 R R t e a armRt^ A?) I R R ? l t W M ? W3*R (Ecclesiastes)-.
C^n^t s (i) m i ' w i t , f. 283b; (A) t W - ' ^ f H ^ , ^[Rm? wraft mm? ia?5mR Rng mm lem w ^ mmr m : t t
^?Ai^=i-^!Pi<i?r, mi. g^'Wi wii^T-'m^ %m%5r, <m?mi is.-i'i, m*iR^ ôc^ m?^m w At?icA 1 anmf^ s f R R J ^ mmRR
3 9 9 f . ; . ( ) t ^ ' ^ - ^ ' G ^ , .mm-"g;^misfm, m i w R m ^fitmRt^ I wTip-m?t?5tc? m m R i ti^?sR ^ m %tftc?tm s (i)
iff<l-ffS./iS.lr-8I, iot., iiS; (8) m^'^, ^mm', iit., Rmm #t m?R îR'^-?t'?iR? m?m^ om- mmtm mAt?R,
iA-I8; (ff) t ^ - R ' w ^ , t'i?iA?-?^'G?i^, mm. "^ym ljl4J l^lUi^jiLJ ^ I j ^ l ^ UL-j (t?=T
t ? m ^ , w i r m is.ffo/10, At., O A 8 - A ' I ; (b) mi%5>l'l?R'^l, it., Abo ^.) I tm E. Wiedemann
wt^-mimf, "Slm^-fRmsT, mm. â. <iR. MRBJ-Rrmft, ?nmm (Eders Jahrbuch fur Photographic 1909, 49-54)
iob-c?/iS"Js, t., ibi; (<i) t ? F tmm, %sim^'^,-^R'^, mm, m^Rs At?icA I ( A ) Rf6t R^ m n m ? R 5 . '?5't?Tr'^-
^pnrnT A m^ ms^'s 1P141^, rnisfim ibo/ii'35I, A"JS; (b) ;mmR? R^-m?^ m %-mAt?,' v J J U L . ^ I J J
t ^ A M R , R i m ^ - l k R , AlSH^Hh ivsi/is.i, 8T., Abo-bA;
j L ^ L , at^ttt^ t ^ ^tm? ?bm ? R R T m g m ^ ^ A S ( ^ . G . C .
(s.) mRi'g-f^ t ? m f i t?^-miRR, ^ - R R S T ^ ' I - R R R ^ , Anawati, Essai de Bibliographie avlcennienne.
R i t T f 162) I () mH-i'^mm? at^ttR ?^?.r*f t ? ^ %n-?
W. Madeltmg (E.1.2 Suppl.)/(Rrs i|R<ii .timi 'RRn'-?mRc^?R5i-m^-mm^ ?5t^ ^ a t a t r ^ R s m i T
^^_<|<j|î|\o ( o l ^ ^ l sR m W ^ "ml^) ajA=f 4 R S I ( ; A F , ?>tF'G m mRf^ ?i?At? <t>R?kAF i miîRt^
t?F m ^ (wsRT iii=i<MH, g . ) t ? ^ tif?i4H ( t ? ^ ?nf mAm) ?iRt? (RtRr^ m5?tw? ^ mrnmrsm 4 R ? I U F i t ? ^ Îm?
w i ^ - m i R # ww-mm^, mff^ RRR4 1 RR 'wt'SAig'?- RmRm? R R t i m ^ gRm? c ? t c & R (Platonlc) m ? R
timftRtc?jR
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WKR-?mt4t W^-TOW5
m^ iRR T O < ! w m 2 f # n 5 vi^t^c?? TO arm m^ ^ w t f ^ (sohdity)-.^ w?T:f t r o t ^ffwtWJ I RW:Rf?f^^ ? f

m\ ' f w t f w W f TO? w?-?tft<3 tw? îsifTRTt, 4 R ? r i c H I (Projectili)-IFL? t f ^ . t ^ W C W ^ 4 f ? w f ^ W f ^ - W ? T ? 5 T
K t ? . T O t f ? ^ CWR CW? f??c? '9m' W:TOT<3 C ? ^ t s ? m f w f f W T f t (John Philoponus) TOf âftf^tio
R?T-?ntreif? . ( N e o - P l a t i n i s t ) - O i ? W*l7R? Rft RTijRli;< ? t W CR? t ? ^ %TR W5?fTTt)-f%i;^ tt,'CWf??iXf af^t
?f%T ?>?f TO I , 4C?^ I lift WoffWC? tf? f f f W?t, 'afp-a aRtW', WTT
WW!pr-?T?I?siW? R P ^ f i w . f R a f r a t R R ^ W f l f ?5TO t ? n m^ R f ^ w w w c w ^ cw^t wfts^r tfa i ? w f f ? 5 f w
^sifirat ?5C? ^ ,i''tTO 'StXt? W W ? ' ! 1%W<[R-f"WTO' ^tc<3 ?fwitC^ impetus, ?f?t 1 ? W t 4 ? f ^ c Rlt% ?fC f P t R
tw "fW TO I W?p=r-<l5)|M c?t w s f tw ?T?TO 4l?WCf^ W W ? ? I w f ?f?^RC=T?W?tW.1%f^ >5tWW?TlWt?5f?Wi:f^
p^<p'5l ??W. W f ^ t sTO-TOtr ( r e f l e c t i o n ) TOI atf^f% C?,. ? f ? ^si^ft^ arrff?5 W W R W a t ? t R ('W?^.
W o T O f ? ? ? ? 5 f % T ? ' I W ^ Wf ^ 'rîf?Mfij iSt^, afsR w f * t " - ' W l ^ R R T O t w W ^ f f w RR) t W W 3i5WTO Wîf.
7-s|Wf=t Rt!? atf W R W T a priorl-'i5? f^'WW W W f C t ? sRtW ^ ?5C? I WiTt?f? ? f ? W W TO, ' f ' W T O ' W i n t
gf^fsr^ w f i R ? ff^ a . P o s t e r i o r i - W ?tfR ?5TR I t?atR5} WcWft ?CW; C t t W W W f f w tff?wtiR?
W<pr-<l?l<l>l Wlftc^^fSfittW?? f t f fl%?.f%'W5t IRS,' (Dynamics) ât csflfw R f t ^ ^^fWt Wtt W'sW TO, <wf^
I?!CW? TOT WfRf . ^ I f T O f ^ ti (<3W?sr)-'i5? w:?j c w ^ ^ r t t r o tftR (Constant force) a p i ? ^ tf? ^ ?5C? 1
??w w < l w f t w ? ?SC?T ? l t i fTOt?wr? Wf;^-?t?TWw? TOrtfwtw? i?TtT ^ w
i2tTO lilt 'sifSTRRt WfR-?1?R5T W t R r S f B t R ? f~t'Blc? a f f ? T O Wf, fTO m^ ^ssf?nft f???tfC?? ^ f l W
( S p a c e ) RTO-iiR RstsRtXt? R w f f W 4 f ? W f3iWt3!4. f4?tt fl^r I a f f ^ t w W f c ? ? W W : B W ^<t. w w t ^ W T O
tf??JTt^ ( T r i d i m e n s i o n a l S p A c e ) TOTO ^WR ^ RC5?W ?tCtWfT-?l?l4lC? ^ i R ^ 'SIWW? ^ , t R I lilt
WC?Tt I J o h n Philoponus-'fl? TO IFLTO ? t W ff^ C5Wf^f% IRS,t?t WTJ C? CWHWf??T?t W t ? f t f 3 ? W W ? ^
5W5W? t r o w ^5rftW?Wf?tCR R T O ?lfR 4 f ? W CvT I ^ t W % . ? T f tw? Rf%^ f ? W T O I t w f w t f i r ? t lift
Wtf?T7Sf5%I W ^ f % ? f ? l f N ^ alW*t 4 f ? W ff^ "fltWTR '^TRR " 'Wwwi'f f (a priori datum) af?t ?5f??TfTOR, C?
w f R W ajTOt WC?^C?, W f t ? ? R W CW^ R f R I W ^ W J ? TOW ôTWW-WTf?X^^t5f? W t f ^ f t ? WRTl?wnR? TO tW tS,?
4?its?w:?i 4f?C f r o R C?t Wtc ^ ? l f l R I W ? W f ^ - ? R l 4 t . lilt ^
Rf?;^!^?,' WR? WR? ^ s f w i ( a P r i o r i - T O r ? l f r . TOT W R T I R S T W ? ^ t WTJTW ^ W ^ t f W T W W 9m
2t=ft%R^ wR)ê!R stf t ? t .^14 W R W T TOf TOT. W ^ - ? t ? f W wsaiWf^'?f%clT? W?T:t m^-^ f # w R<)cittT 1 W f ?
W^ W t r o TOTO.Wf^RW ?st?^; fTO w: W R - R 1 W R C? uwl^ t W W t t ? ^ T O ? t ^ t W f ( R ? lilt f t f ^tTf% C?, Ct.
?Wf R W T O ^lf?f?Wt ( m e t a p h y s i c s ) TOlt t ? - W r f i f f w t liJ4?lf%5^|?^?'!R ct W ^ ?5C?, jg?t ?5C?, f&^ ? 5 C ? , R ? t ?5C? w
TOT TO I W ? ff^ O i T O , W ^ , ? f - t f T W S j t W ? R?.fJ^f ? t i w ?5c? w.cw^ w r f w faFWRW^ 4 w w ct iii?5t
( A p p e r c e p t i o n ) WTJ R?s5r Rs,rI^f W T O W W W W ? 1? ?Tf%RiCt R w T O i WfR-W?tWT:? 1C W W ? îW (faculty)
? t c t fWfjTO mi RW ?sfR lift feC?y v|pi^tM -m ?^?R.R5t<?s i R f ? t s w ? R W tw ?C'# I w w f ^
t ^ I TTO RSJSaf * l f ? l f ?5fR W t W 5 t ^ RW (being)-'fl? ^ T O ? t 8 Wf?WfJT CTCt, C? ?f1^ CTCt mi <lf?4 ?f1^ c t w w
*fl?Wt?5, f1%? t l t W W R t ? ; C?WT Wlfw^fB#5fW?R TOtf I fR <UimK c t t t t ^ RWW^ W T O C? 1 w WfJT, t ? t W W ? R f ^
t ? ^ f w WflfW RP^ffwtf W4 f f R T O ? Rf^ ^-TOff5T ^ ^ R f l R t w s f . aiwt W R mi tw WfC'M 1 % W w R f ^
( W ^ ) , W ? ? ( f n ) W ? T O (ttlH'aKMl)-'^ W[?5I f t W ? ^W^T W I aff5TOf TO, C?5R C4? C4? TOW ?sc?^ I liltWc? W l W .
TTO W: t l ? 5j!?4f? t w w <3 ^ a f f f ? R W W ' ^ R t J atTO W f ^ f - w w w c ? f w 5 'im m w R t R w f w ? w t ww
4TR I wR?>fw w s a f w f ^ tcj? twf TOt tfl mi m^ RC*R
ff^ cwr?? w T i R?s^ 'f?f*ftT RTW 9m f ctf?5 R W CPTO TOtt W WR? W S C ^ ( t W T f w aTR >if4t
(CorporalityR) f w f w T ^ W W CRtf%4 tWW^ ?4t5R TOtt f ? t f t T O W W A J ' ^ ' J R R f ^ ? H T O ?>f??TWT)
(Primematter)-'if? t w ? f t w TO W R ^ , c?r?^ TOt a l w R I tw Wtf?C^^f5#? TOtt W . ^ TOt atfffe afwf
Ctf?5W ( C o r p o r a l i t y ) iiraf iil4 ?Tff% RtW R?CW W W ? 1?TW? Wl?sj wfw? ?5C? I ?t^f??5 Wf5=r-W?TW TO
f R W T O T W r'r?R i n TOft C I I R 4 Wiff ( e l e m e n t ) - . a ? w w t W?5fl a l w R ?st?f?f t W f W T ?Rlt?t W W I ff^
Tire*tj mm f%f w w t ^ ?sfcR5t { C o r p u s c l e s ) TOT t f l 1 ^^C?? f f ^ t w ? C? TOW W W ? tsflC^tlbHl I ^5(ff;TnR
t t w f ft'SiWR
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%fH lSi5?fT%i ^5iR^>s w f R i ? ^ c w - TOf 'sijiRcî'sf ^ W T O Ipr '"ttww atWR wt I -TO-t^R t f ^ fffJTTr^,
2t?tt^ t ^ t?wt?;f-wwfMf ^ ? t ? i T ?s1?w t?f ?wf
tificbiiR^ f4vW tnt&i% sfw?, TOf R f w w w W f R - R W R ? (RfSftW " ^ W I t?w1^ tt^tRo ÎWIMI^ W
TOrtWW? wRWs (Rfft (Intuitions)-'il? TO t ^ R f f , W W t l W ^ f ?W-TO, WfR-W?TWs 'Jtsfft? R f w ^ ? W ? W?TW?t
t w o R R W T O (Rt t s . ^ R T O ^ W W lil^f^ w # f t tw, tl'iR-1
WW (ws? w:*)T ig^^^TO w r o f s w ^ f - t?f . t?fW?WW?f?f'ffgtJffOTt??''SRW?f%W:'=RTO
^ I TOfWRW (immateriality)-C4 Wf^T-WWW R R ^ ^ f ? ?nw Wf^-W?t?5tC? W S R f t RtfW ^ 5 t T f ^ ^ W t iflF??
f R s w < 5t?cf ^4C?R WW (Rt f C t wwt arstwo. W W I W W ? f t t R i '?R#t?w:t? w:w: twR^ ?T?R-^? W ? ? T W
^^t^W^ t ^ ^tfW? (R TOtt W W 2fR ^5tf?if I ^tfTO TO- 'WW^'R-W^sW ?n?Tf?? t ? R ' W ^ I ^ w^ww ^ftw?
T O W # (Stellar ones) W W W ? W ? t iSRl f f l ? TO W W 'f;?Wf^'^-W>sffTT' .str^ IS % T O W T W I (g. W - ? T ? ? r f R
W T O (Rt ^Ct t%RW TO 1

'îR'iir iio-ii)-iii? TO t w . w w wfpf-TO]i >s #r?R
^trro I W ^^Ît? Wf^ W?=f (cause of the causes) 3 ^ W5WW:?s R1fjf.4Wt I ^ ' W i f ^ T W ? - ? T % W R sfsR wR?
tW#t?f W R W 5 >4(Ii^%r ? f t f W ? W R W w ? i9??,?f W R ^ ^TO'S (R Wf'^-?T?rWW? s f W ? f ^ . W W , W R
WRff? W R ^ g t W f (a priori) w R 3 ^ i (?it w R Rwi?f#51 ww'f-%f-'ii? fW ? M T ' s i^t^wtwwr? ^
t W W J T O W t W f f t ^ t T O T lilt ^ O f w t w ^ 4f??TC^ I '8?^'J< 'W^-W?Tt?l*5I-W[f?R ?JT'-W t T O t ? W W t w I
^ W W T ^ atft? ^ i s H Itf? (R afwR srWR- (RW TO W ^ t w iJi> W 5 W ? t ? T f ^ " W af^W? f ? t W ? t?^ fW?TO.
w?tt atR ^ 5 i t % ^ . (w=f w I w? ifl^R. '?5^fff R?? ^ 5 T , gtf iQ w o - W R f ? n f f - ? isfiMibHi? Rf?Rsf lilt (R, t?^ f r o
Wf(R?'5n:?JtW^ (WW!TOf^TO?^TOf?WTO?ft?fXf I Wfp^-w?TW5 ? n w f f ^ - ' i R w a ^ t ? ' f r t w? t?^^ ^^tw
t W R W^-<tl?l<M^ t?? f * ^ f t U t t f1%lW? ^'R alt^fl f^rmr?, TO WR'^R5*if^ W 5 - v | - f \sfw ^ g s r f M ^ ?5w^
WW?? RT=f RSfjR <R?RW I ('WTRIfsf-'^WW" R R T W ^ F , iOo8 R, A'tV) I lift R t ? f ^ ? f ) s
^tfW? TO W^f?? ( R t t w 'STOft, ?W ? W R afwf f#r5f w^<R?5 f w f T O R l i i W ^ R ^ r S ? afR ttw ? ^ ^ i iît
\&r?R tw? t R s iflPR W^^PfjônR t W t 4 , (RSR RgWR t?1^ R ^ fit 4 W t Wf5f-WW?t liR? tw? afW? t W f fw?. t?tf ;
(R5ft ij^ ti) WlCt? R T O , Rl?)Iu G^cj) t?f'^-t4TPf (Lippert), o*8o-ii; ( ? ) t W f
WITR? ^Slfwtff t w WR*T I t?R Rttt W5 RttR <pf5Tl?] WW Wf^t1?R'W (Muller)' i t . , ?tb--Vo; ( o ) W??l#t, "Wt%W
tR -^TW? WRTtwfTR? W T O W ^rsR W W ^ t ?5W^ l tRcWR'R-RTOT ( W # ' ) , iffo-o, (8) S.Poznanski,. in
( R t W W R R (RWt?Ttf^, Wf!R? ^sff^f ?ftfi!S? (R W?sR Zeitschrift fur hebraische Bibhogrphie, 1913,
W W f W W t??fwo W W W W W # f t , (R W W i M t i^ t w WW 33-6 (edition of some pages of the Commentary
on Ecclesiastes); (ff) Serefettin, in-complete
? f t f ? ^'t'lR ^c? I liitWM WW?? m^ t r o R ^
Turkish translation of the llahi3ât of
W f R ? wfCiRt ^sTf^'t 4 f w t 2tiW5 ?? I
al-Mu'tabar, with introduction, Istanbul 1932;
g t R t w ^5tw fit? ^'s.'slR (emanatlon)-RT*fR4W:'=R
(p) >pTf?TO W f - W w ^ t w ^ ' W - f "WTO" t ? . ^ t ? o ? tea?
l i o T O ?ll^l ?5Rw W^-W?fW TO ?5WT, ? f ? fit ^t?lt^
C*tmi!?^, 'J. ?Oo-ff?, W f R - ? R f W t W R W R T M f ; (H) S.
gtR tTO W?~tiR ??f f5?^-f? (Preetemal), W ??f ?TOR
Pines, Beitrage zur islamischen Atpmenlehre,
RXW at?>tRW I W W ? ? 2tt1 - t ^ R R WW ^fW? RW? W f W I Berlin 1936, 82-3; (v) (Rt?s, "Etudes sur Awhad
>s=f-^lt^<l atR ? f f1t.4fR, ?ft? tt?WTO W ? f W t ? # T W W ? al-Zaman Abul-Baraka:t al-Baghdadi", in REkJ,
stTO'?W.TOl ciii, 1938, 4-64; civ, 1938, 1-33, (S>) (WW,
WfR-W?Rsf WW'S 4 W g t R TOTO R l f ^ ^ Nouvilles Etudes sur Abu'1-Barakat
WWW-iil? WoWTR? t w RWRf WwTCf^ 1 W t?f TOT al-Baghdadi, in REJ, 1953; ( i o ) t?^ tTf%WR,
'ilt?if.'^fR?TO ^ TO W, ^tfW? fu^TOf * t ^ W T O ' TOT >Q?fW?Tf'^-WRR, A t . , i S o ; ( i i ) WR-W?#,f?nf5=f-f?5lTO,
aj^lRio ?t?ll^'=1 I 008; ( i ? ) Wf??TT^'R-'Wt?#R, ? t . , ffoff; ( i o ) W f t t ^ ' W W
T j f w R ^rRR'9?W tTOi WfpT-WWW %W? R1f^ '8. R ' s j - t t W l , i f f ? ; ( i 8 ) W^lR'^'5'I-fil?, A t . , ioff; ( i f f )
ersTtWTTR ^? W?fTR?t I'dwlb-Tl 4 W ^ , t ^ f fR t^W? ?5T^'W-w:fR, ^ - f i i<ôi; ( i ^ ) tTWtf'^-^R'^-?nfW
ttWftt^SWR .
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Contents
wtipr " S R ^ wt^mr wtîJrg?wTA^
R'^-%R5, %i)S8; (i'l) t?^'^-'wmi%, ^'fm"BP>^lF(, îRn # c t ? csiRcvs^-ia?. mr wTif-?5c?^ I sfmms osfm
(wr i R R ? m m w ? i c t t R ^ ii^feiR?! < M w i c t wNiRcmt
S Pines (E.I.2)/^îp
-51^ ^Srf^ ( 1 0 -.1 JJ -^Mi ^ 1 ) s m R i m r m ^^tc^ st^.mRa ( R r R ^ ,?^ sroi iRrR^

iv&v-i&<H&, m m f w , RtRRj^; Rtw^tf??, wi%#ft, m??R mi) :^tta!?fct ^tR^_ ^f??5 rnSm 2(?nt ?5m m?T^
iOiils/iVSiiV TO? O C I C ' ^ (mi. io(? TO? iS t5) 'mf?^ ^ t c ^ v5n?i?i m m j ? rniAmr m ^ i A tAc?? ^tm wtt ?#?!
5ram#i?A osfm? fsm^ mrnf^r ?t%mm ^nw â^;^??? if?<iw m R ? c i t ' ^ ^ m ? m m m : ^ mRâtAt mm i R f lat
w t A t ? ^ I ftm? msi mi?^ ?fN in?#, -sTnoT? m i wrm^ ?3?^ c ? ^ fe ^ A ? m t I is8o TO i f mm w t t F tRmg
m ^ I mt?mf??5 vi<t>vocR?'?iF^î?i^? mct mmR^ R m Rî c t t ?5R?i m? Rm^? wgmc? mmR^ R m
#?t? R m f^*TO mntR I îit? 5}Tm-m^sm^Tt m??mtt? fe ? i ? ^ 4Ri<Mi RtRmMR? AlÂi^l Atm i ? ^ i R s
mmti?5 Rtiji=TO t ^ m ^^f?m TO -srtoRIA tî:?? mmR? R w c?to5? mc m ^ ^^tc? ât wrtim? R 5 msiBt i D
mm? lat R ? T ? 2tR?T<i mc? 1 m t ^ 1 ^ wiAmr '^t Rs=(?
m t f m f Atm CTtH istc isi<i TO iSHRRm
i i t i R "^?^" iRm? ?sc??# m m g % w m RRimR^R 1
t f t r o ^ < A F I RfF TO m?ft? ^ t ^ t wrst ^tc
tAtr5 'y^" tfeft? I T O R I Rc?t?, CAWiFtsf m : ^ TO
wtt.â. mK gt ??t? t? m^ wpsf -^tc^ Ria. mt w ^ i
# A t ? f R t Rwit?? ^ Sit0=1 R R ''^*i<p" tRm? mrnnrc^?
wgt? ? ^ mT Rt^rtw wtrmro itap? mitsiAt ?sf?m
t c s f t i R ^ 9m m m A F ' 1 w ^ s t ? iJsSiTOf? wctt?? m c i .
?sRrmm?R'm^r' w i r s f ^ ' A t ? i R w F i isAsTO^^m^tos
af?H i D etc? mim. ia.c?s, ?p^t^ A ^ ttiR^ 'R?^t" tR?t
fsti(2f^kf?.ia==i.R^m?5t?5?I -
s f m t ?sR:R ? :m# mst^ timic?? ^m?, mmKt^?ict R m t
m^ w i w t ? ^ ^ t t mftFf wTA'mg tfriT?
A ? , R f mm^rm? w p r a mR^ wR.-A? img? W I A I P I ?
v i l R i - t îrn^n'? Ri?Ff I (mitTO #mm
"St? I w ? R f RcF?-icmt ^_CAC*tdjFii m : ^ mîrs 'R?^t"
f?^1?^, ^'W'siIm vBlf*iil iF^t >s RHA >t>stPic*i tH<l|iiJ ^^4lw<i
tR?n? mR ^tc iAtc4 W I A R cî^m A ? i R R ^sRôr
cm? R m ^ R ^ I îiMcf 'mm? tt?mt? c?t ?pm?# R^ i
w i R ^Rr m c ? R i - 5 ^ R t c ? R iRtrmR^Ric? R R ^ i R i
ff?r?tt R R mR-mRo A F i tm I's.i? <t?CTt R R
% t c?i5RR mmj iii.8 <H TOR m^?ilcss mim? ^smR^ 2 f ? R
f?wm (mgiR) ia?i m ?e,-5T? ?tn A t c ^ t ?mmF? tim
if, isRR cmciF t ^ c m A ? t ? % . ^ m i w R ^ ? R m m A I R R
c?im ?TRtc mc?m i <ih)<pM "^tc R R W T S J C A ? I R tRmw?
C 5 t ^ m?mRR wt^ img? W T A T O ? m m R m ? . ? # r m m
RRR*rR tHF <'Rc'4i'i I
^5tr tîR?? t c s A R tfiim amRfo A ? I tlR>"alF a f R ^ R t? t M
H I F R I C A t^m? W 5 t c ^ ^^tm? 1A5? mt^ ^mmi
mtm^'fkF? (t??f ?m?rrniRm^rmimR^) tmm^f caram? mRg??W'2?m??n?sf<Ri|t R^"^c5T "tc^JAiî" tSsm m?5R
Rf^ ar^tmc? ?Rrm îmwcn A F ia?i ic5tm 1 ? ^ fiiR?wm ^ ?5c? 1 â mc^ w t i R 1 ^
w i A m i w is(?o m R ? iRftmR t w ^Piîî? mRm 'twAi'^'
iwR^tmfg i?siA ?c I R R ?R I < 3 I c3%ma!'^R
tRm? 2Wtm *i<)jiA^ mRit A ? . i ^^t R I ? R R 4Rt<Mi >s
Washington Irving-â? Tales of Alhamra-â?
mitRct? m^mg ia?i t m TO wm-timi tRm? mi#'5? m R H c 4Mri ^Rc^ 1 ^ R "^tc mr t w
stmPt^ A ? I w^st? apsfRc? wM-timi, im^, ?I%h '^wim RR^ ts.c?#, m s m tRm? mRi^ A ? R i r m t "mAR
mRoj tfii^ tôjTig tRm? mm? t??, R?^ ?5m swRt^ mimR?5m ^mm Rrî ''>t? RR,,iiS(i-o 'sj. i?imi?cARRm
^tc^ mw I R R isAo m "^tc^ m^ aft? mfs ?ît)4M W T R R I W R R ? J H R ?5 w ^ ^ i u T m i m ? w B i R R t t
^^Rrmm? CAHôH, mtR^ cm^. The Musahnan, mcfR mm I ?i>st^R) cwm. i<ff8 m R ? m < R t R?imR?.tRctRc
fifeR tSRst? mm'Tm?,iR5 i?fjt f^coH i etc? mim la.c^. jpsj^ cAtcjR t ^ cmA^t?t^ m ^ ^
m^ imj? wiAmr isA>!s TO ^tm^c?? mmm cmîm? m m f lat R^ cFm I I R R T - 5 ^ ^ t ^ ?sc?F i m R ? est
wtAmr wi# mim^t? ?mjt wiRsfrom? mR atAt I > i T c i i ? i 5 # ? A t A c ? 'S? tiRîF wimf) 'spiRii # t ?st^Rc^
WitF t f t ^ t H ?sRm WTl5( ''^ mTAig iSAS TOT? Rcti wRRRt^T ^ l A ^ H ' ^ A ? I 1 ^ rniAmr R T C A ^ ^ A R
R c w ? R R N m? i R R ? I ? I F R I I A mm t^^T ?5c?^ i, cit wjRt ?5f^1^ mmtR R R I R s A F 1 i,^c^>? R ^ t l R mm?
isrc? R R ia?sm:!? wT^m^-ia timRm? lA-mmtR,, csim ^ffCA StA'tcmtT fJS^FC^ Ai W t 9\4\b^ m ^ ?RTO
srsfT-iRrR? 7Ptm?5, cfm ?5S52tci? mt^-csfRc^ csim 5 H ^ ^TiAmr '8?5v^'^< 'fRrm mm 'âm 1 ât R ? T T O w?Kt
t.f?.Âi
timft-Rscm?
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Contents
W|pt W P W?5fl
R R "Sllt^ I R T O ? W I T '^R I iS-8TO?iff <3? w R n (TOt isff?'^.); (^) R W Rwr (TOt isffv? %Y, (H)
TORT R?ww?r (iSffff TO? i8 w t t ? ? wRr 'J^TOTO (TOt iSffib % ) ; (V) tlPllM? R?TOIW (TWt iSff^b % ) ;
TO 'J^ 1lR"8H ? ? ) SJIT Rf'J? WT; R f W"Q?TtT W s r ^ W^FIR 0>) W W t f Wff (IWT iSff 1 ' J . ) ; ( i o ) WsWCTOt? 4Hbl? (TWt
TOTtR^ W^ w i R w ? t w t c?5fT? w R ^ R?W? Wws?3? isibH <^.Y, ( i i ) t R r o W w ^ ( W W isibi >{.), ( i A ) WTO
?T?TTO sjfRof ??'ft^ ?sc^ 1 W5?t? ?T?T atWT? (RW RfStfR? t w ? ^ (TWT iS>I!sH ( i o ) (?Tr? W ? W ^ W
STTTRR^ R I R W ? RfR?ir?? ww R R isff^b b W R ? ?aF?^ ( W W iSHA %); ( i 8 ) E n d o f a B e t r a y a l (IWT iS.18
C t x ^ - W W ^ ??TO WTR? CWWRWt l l R W ? RWRf?iT:R % ) ; (iff) (3W5rtTR?TTltW5 (TfW i^lff %); ( i ^ ) W W T t (IWT
(WWiR ?nR^ IR^?^ TOt R ^ (WWR Rff? <R1W?T% ( R S C ^ iSIb- ( i i ) ( R f WTR ( ^ 4 1 WTR (R^ WWTR? W f w T
ilRH c?#?r i l R w ? R?f -a w R w i f R t t c?TWfT^ I ( W W iS.VA'^.) I
Rw wRgfj c w H ^ iiR^stw? ?sRi? wgRwf R?T?W? feww fbW? CW3I R R Rbj^tw i p ? f ^ ^ tR5? R?TCfiF I W?w
tTO WTO R W ^ RW^Rf?'ftt ?? 8 W?TT:4 W % T tiR^TTR? WTJR ?ww?i(:t f t f R ( R - Q T O
i w w m a f'RtWTR R f w R??t?^ WW WTJ R4R Rza?
1 (RtRw RWT:?4 t i R H s t R i R s RR? <ir? stwRs wR4
^ m^ snc#t4 R?wc?? ^c w^ '^=T I ( R t W ^ t R w ? I W st?^! R R ? R i W T O W T O f ^ w t w
A I W W i l f - ? W T f ?TTWW 4?|g1t f ? ' 4Cdai'=1W ^Rc>l<) W ^ 4ra^ I WfR WTf? W?Wf R I W R 4 WTTPtTR? R ? ^ R W f
4^Cvij<i ^5r?TO W ^ I 1 ? WR^STTR? WW ârTTR, R R I (RTW? R^R I W?WTRR s f R i R t ? R R WTTmc?? f ? ?
WR^TPT? WW WTWC? IA?s C*P*lw=l 'Rt3!R? WW ??tfTW RifS ;^?rt WRC^tt ?siR^ w t L R R R ^ S W T R wtt? 4?J R?itT;t?
'??lRf'=f WWftf-?4Wf 4?:ÎTO ^siRt ^fR ^ R T t ^ R T ? R 4RWTSrT I ^5tTO " W T O (RW WwfR? ?1?"
O I WRÎTR? ^ p R R ? ? ? T T S ? f l ? T O WW C431? WUlt ^5tTO f R R s f f 4 " W T O (RW w w f R ? w m ? ^ " '^tro
(rsTssficviCHj? -^tWR^ W W ^ f R ?#?T ia?5w^ igRRTOT ?TWt:TR4 SfWR tRbTW t R W t f R R R t ?TW&TR4 (Rf^
Rc?%? cstHiMw^) iRi>MTif?R f^ wRîw? sRWWT RsrtTO . RWiR^ ^ T T O ffbR W T W - >a- RC5f ^tlWCTOR ?Twt!TR4
IjST^-ÎW (RW iStR I TOT'2RT?R^C<^'Sr|WR RisawltJ <n<]i(,t R M B ^ ^ C ? I
8 I ^?OTPt4 ^ ^ SJIRCT? 4?lfl? W R *3%J? w t 4t?W an^tit 8 ( i ) WfSf W f ? W W f , W W W , iSIV 'J.; (A)
(RW ^c? mi B^TO-iii? pcaalnt?i f? tlR'^H R??slTg?, WTW? ( R W , W T O (RW ?twfR? f^JM ?!?, TJlWt is>'iff ^.; ( )
4c5aMi? tRst w R w ? t?4Tc?? mi ?s?TfT? 4cHat'=ili R r o t R 'Si.c^.. m. f ? ^ t t W R , W f 5 W f ? W ? W m
?TRstJ ww:?? R R O W T S K 4f?W W t c t R R5?t 4RR^, (SPR Rl?4TO?jR^ (fit?^), W f R Wfsl W ? T O ? 4^ 'JfJWRf
?j?^'jtt^ I tTR^ S t R W SIWR W W tSlW "Wf^ W f ? W W R?tt';
>iP5wfl^ (Ri?i? f t WRt? t w t R ? T O ? ^ W 4 c i r W f R ( 8 ) W^n^W? f f , WfI W ^ W W f R Rw. liRlTOTO2t?^,
W f ? W?Wi WRW^ WTWt^ R R l 4 t ' % ? T O 1 f R ^ ^(Mt aj?f Wf5T Rftf? W W R ? '11 f W f i R f ttWT ^ t r o ^ 2t4tR5 W W
tRW. "WfR W f ? W W f RW:t"; (ff) tlR<tlR4 ^ w w
4X?^ r R f t?t RmtRs ? T O ^2TRt f t a T - a W t f R l R w ? R^
UT?f I
?t5 I icSffb-RW? 1 W t r ^ WRW?RTOJR4 W ^ W l f t ^ ^ i R - i i
fW'twft?t*t
w ^ T ? ? f f R ? ^siRcwct W 4 t f b 5 Rrotw w t r R 'AiAit* T W T
C431? 4'lllMli:? W ^ ?1W ?? I TO Cl? f*R TTO W%o wr^^-'srr'^sn^ ( ^ i j->\) i f^-Tw? t f ?
isiRiWRWJ? 2|WR W ^-QTO R R C?4f? WWR TO l WoSW 'SJl?R!H?,-.-rt-RRJ (R%I CRW I ^ - f f W R m -3 t W I
R R WRsj TORT? tTO ^tfwt?^ t R a TO 4l?WT I : W ? f R - ' W R f R (?)-'a? ^ ^ W ? f R ' W R t T ? (?) W W ? ? i
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RWR i8oo/iS>'lS WR? ib- W^ TOt (RRW^T ?!iRW WtWWTR W R R - t tl'RT'Q-iil? RIW1R4 Ri?R, >1S<I^ ÎWC4 R R stlRcl
t^TR4TR4C?^ I. mi ^5TTO RTOf w R tj R R t w w w ? 4w^ I ^ttro
WfR W f ? w ? w w?w R T R C W , Rriwo ?w ? ^ c? >ii4Wat ajlt^ ^ ^ t W C h . S c h e f e r ^ i f T O 4W^,
f W T O TOTO ?Tf'IW R ? T T : ^ >SHJ'Si?t%"^?TRtRWT:i w ? f W T O ? R c ?i^Rw4 filtfwiirt "?i?r'ff-Wf?R", (wRt
W T O ?^W?f S ( i ) fRRSTTf 4 W ( 4 R W W iSA8 j ; (A) 8Vff/ioSA), ?5RtWTR R R fW5R l l t ' ^ h t T ? W f t 0?-ia?
W f W i-8 w t (4lwtW i<ii08 '(.); (o) W?W (4R4TW iSiOff R W W % 5 R I i s f l t P ? 2tt1 ^ W?TO t t W I f f RRs[ ?1 <3
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t R R t f RST:4R
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w p I W F E TF^T?''FN?F
^smof f i t , ^3 w j R j t t w f w f w , (from ? # 5 n WfCT? WW w l ^ Rt?? "^t^ 4l??t w t â W?1? ^ f ? T T # ? "^W^

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liRisi'i filiate w WW? ^w^f cww sfWW â W W f ^ ,
t w ? t t i t ^ t f i s ? c?R%F5Rtttsjwt W ? ^ t w t t t t c ? t ?tw
W f R w w ^ ? C t "nf?! -fawffi ( i ? W s w ? R ^ ^ ) - i i i ?
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t ^ W, t N f *l ?"1W W f ^ W f t%t5ftt#? t w ^ t w tfS? t^f^ wt I W f W
c ? # ? t?WT:?? WW i i t t w R ? f t i
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sfXW t w tfT I ^5tw? sjrtf Ch.Schefer-^ t ? . ^ t t?WC?? WW ft? 'StgtfWW f t f t f b ? TWLF5 '^Wt%?R I
(Chrestomathie Persane, i, 131-71) 'W^TOf iS>>bb-WW <3? W f ? 5 ^ ft? ^ P 5 T ? T f s m CWWR^t WfWWt? '
t^'W^-iiRf t ? . ^ t , C S ? T O iiVi5i>08, ( t W T W ffwt? R Rf^ W W 5T?t ^C?^ I W W ? W ? f ^51W? ? T t W
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H. Masse {E.I.2)/^5l1ff t R iS>(2-b- R t W C?TW ^ f f & f ? ^ W W tS.'^T? '2?i!4 t T O t ? W W
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t t w f Rjtwt?
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# A t ? wmflTR? tm R t Rmst mR%s,w i R R îvScD? g?mc? f%R afiRmf?^ m mm i miR?5 t t w s fR

siRm arSR Wood Badge-ifl? wR?# % 5 h i 'sm^ m^: ms. ^^prmw? f ^ ^te w R ^ ( t ^ " ^ ) m
vm#?st Rsrt^f^^ 5SRR TFT?# Rmet? 'jiR^sRmmTt ^ê?^ I f%R iîRte f % ^ A i ^ m^R mm i bAViSAo mm,
tra T J W ? w l i f s i R l ^ t ^ f l R R (S.)-m atRirmw? Ri?R, b8S5/i88ff mm (Ai'^w? ? ^ iim? 'Rtm"-?icf) mi c t s m ?
b'i>vs/i8ffS5 mm I bvsVisÂ mm f%f% ^^pm^ RRmm?
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mim, t^Ji^, "m?^ ^ m m ? tl^mRiwRr R R 1932,-1-480) I
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i i M ? (Rm# l i R i A o m m " m R f , tpt?^ ^ m^RR iw^j^cw?
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f?e*R <>R?ii ^5m5R ^sfRpTR? t ^ ^ A t m i R ? w m iii?i sfmR f%R
mmm'm^ isrtiii-iiR mro? c t m m t (iAt??r5t b^VsiHsif i s e o ) i w
x5rt^ Trt^grf R>a., wtl^^
(j>.a.=ai ^ 1 ) s maj i m R ? tfÂPT ? ^ m^ i f e ? fR b A V i s - i ' i iimmR
cfm? mRi?st sjAjm? R ^ lamR^ i R i i m ? m m ^ ^ (fm:w 5.) tfÂtR RiiRtwF ?sr?^ i R i ^ t m ^ A s
W R I ib-s>A RRt csiP rniR^ mR R^^ a f i R R ^ Abu'l-Mahasln Ibn Tagri Birdi, Annales", from
i??# mR mRRa mRm R R '(Ri'H mRi'-'a? aim?m# 20/e41 to 365/976, ed. JuynboU and Matthes, 2
m i R R i c f R t R 'mR w # F ?5ra^ I ^sTAR- m n mmg? vols, Leiden 1855-61; "Abul Mahasin ibn Tagri
mRRP#^ rniRe^ mR AF I Birdi's Annals", from 366/977 to 566/1171 and
mimR5c?5R from 746/1345 to 872/1467, ed, W. Popper
*ilî-vi^'1f>iH (oL=J.i ^ 1 ) s w i m g ; t f - ^ t?^ (Univ. of California, publ. in Seihitic Philology,
mfSlR?^^ w r ? ? i^RmRr^, <t>i?ic\s b-Â/isos-io ii, ill, past 1, V , vi, xii) Berkeley 1909-29; " W R -
(iR^ "mRt >mm m? m) m m ^ i ^ttm? R m laRRT mtF? ^[i^"?- mftm", Ao/'i>i-Ate 's.s>/ios., mm i^s8b/iJi.As.
(?R)-ia? ft'1)I||^l=1<s|F Wt^-^tt^R <ll?f<l> \slAlW f. (m?^'^- i f R R - f 5 R i ? m t , w m RRi'^r-wRift). i
aF?-^Rm s r r ? 5 r r , ^ i ^ h wR-mRrR'spim^-'ii? w f w b8ff R mm wtR-m^'ftft? b-â R mm '5rm-'wR%
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wi'Rt4) R^ A F m\ b i o ft. m m mR^-ia? ?tigfstRRf? R R A t s m ^ V g p ^.mrn'^-wRTR m t - p ' ?5m w r i

(mt?'^-m^v5im) a f , mtmcFt f%R b i ^ / i s i A m m ? ( R t ? r ^ b 8 f f / i 8 8 i "^C iA I A T ? ? R , b<18/ i-b ^Sprft, iS-bS. t ^
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ifiF??, -spt^ m m f ^ ^^sraF: vfl^ Tsrcn' mii=a,<> m ^ c<T^ I s "Extracts from Abul Mahasin
t'imftf?tcm?
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ibn Tagri Birdi's Chronicle Hawadith" "tRWW? f?^[?5?tt i'JsR R 4 T^J^'SW ? 5 R W f W H Rt?
u'd-Duhur, ed. Popper (Univ. Calif. Pub. in WRR??WWR4'Wl^'aXFt4f?^9t?I?R?tlC6?,H I
Semitic phil.". vlii), 1930-42 (contains all wf5i-w?iRT-ia? w ^ WfR-wr^t ctrcai? R?ft wtt? i >at
passges not represented In "Nudjum". vol. vii) i WW b-b-o/i8ê wwt (TRW? W W W wRw w w t w
R R R w w ^?ra? #4^41?^^ ^ t w t ispR ?R?1R 4Rc W W I R R W ^ - 4 T R ? 5 R - ? t f t ? ((7tf? ?tt
f t ' ^ 9B(S tRwt'sr^'Q ' a k w t ^ R s ^Rw t t Alcazarquivir)->a W t ? t 4W^, 1?t? W W t ^ f 4 W
?SR? WR->a ,^5iRwRo 4W? t w ( R t t T W RW ? t R ^ t ^
?RW'?- wR? #1 -w^^wR w^-wR?", ?-<ti/ 4RwRi?R ( 4 W 1?t? WW? " W R - ? t f " lilt t R R % f ^
?? mi ^^tw? W R ?s.Rsrat ctt,wsf w?t t R R o ??) I R f
^^?Ro at^ R R 4ra4WR R ; R t H W ar^-a W f R - W ? i R ? w ^ - ? t f Rwt R w ? WW wcw? ?tw?tfw
( i ) "Wt-Wff*R-W?t 'WWR-'TO^tR'R-W^"; tw^t 4Wft mi CW t # sw/iffb-o Rt=t ? t w cttwwt
(?) RWf'R-^WW; ( v 5 ) wm -Rww #t W4RwR'5f-tWW ^llfRlw W W R 4R; W W R I w R?T? w:*ot c t t t i w R R
(W?-WWf-lii? "tWW-'a? tR<3w); (8) "WR-WâwRfsf- R W R W TO-WHR? WW W ? ^ f W I w t 4 W ^ iil?t m^
WRsrt". ((f) R R W ^ - W s t W RR5? R R ^WRntW-f^lWW"; ?iRw (g.) "^t^ 4w? I c t t t t w w w ? R ?^ cww? w t t i '^t?!
mi (b) "W'sRf'R-RWm #t W^ WRW'R-R,^=n5Rt W W I sbr'b/i(?<tb- WWf R R W f f w w ? R^wf Rtrt
-aWR-RWW"; t ? R WlR^t ^f1lH 'a R W R W J . E . ?fRR-WtfR^ ( W f T t t g.)-'a? f W i w*ta}?t 4w^ I R R ib-
Carlyle, Cambridge 1798. ?tf'^"R-W3'8?W, ioi/i8 W t % , i'JsoS W R c t tRW^ ?SW=T i:
t R W R W # K R R W R T a{-^ S ( i ) "W?"tD^ f?t? fRtJt ??R'j?tct? w:?j ^ c f tc?ftT ^ t w i '#t?t? t?t

W-aWR'R-'WW R'R W R W ' t ' ^ - f f R w t " ; ( ? ) " W R - f?tw^ WR-W?tf w ^ - ? t f I R R w?n-Rl^rtw t r o t i W t f R
W R W f ' t - w t w " ; (vs) I t R W p r - R W R^^f-WRW oWR- a}^ 'iw'w^R-W?lR^" (C4? ^tw iô^S R. WTR RxwsW
R^'W' (4RW, tRWR RtRw t^5R); (8) tîRc t R ) ? ^ '^PW^ I 'itW? 'Sfc'^ ^rt?fR-?tR? t w w f
" W R - f T O t w R - W R T ' ^ a W R - t ^ W R - W t ? " (^^1^ w f (g.)i^t?! w ? f ' ? - ? f ? 5 r R (g.) 1 w R f R w ? ^wSf ?5,WotRw
4RW) ^ ((f) 4 ^ t f Rwi4- ifl^l^ Cfl^fit?Î Hist, chorfa. 242-W W-aW ? f t w I
^^^Rs ai?i<f ? w # r R w ^ R R ^RR WW? -iRR?-iii r^t#) 8 ( i ) E. Levl-Provencal, Hist. Chorfa,
WRW ?R' I R R (2- f W - R - ^ , b-^8/e ifiT, iSHo w R w t R ^ M 240-41 mi W W W ^%Ro WnvtT ??f, 240, n. 4.
? 5 W T I Ctt3R? W:sfT >attTW C 4 ? R t^F?tf, Rf?!<3?T R R t f W W ? ,
ar^Riit 8 ( i ) W?'RR W l - W ? # (af^WW? "vit-f?ll"-vil? C4TI, W . R . , ^H-m ^ t 4W W?; (?) 4"tRf),
WlRR?t?), 'Rf^"-iil? ^spg^, 41?WI, i t . , f R W , fe; ( ? ) W R ? 5 R - W W f , C4? ivsio R., i t . , b-S; (vs) f R ? f ,
Rtttf', "Wf-RT^R-wR?", i o t., oe-ir; ( ) t ? ? ^ - ^ ^ , |WRTf'R-WW?, 4T?Wt ib-b-8, 8 t . , doX, ( 8 ) W W f ,
Rt?*mt, St., v5i<^; ( 8 ) t?^ t W R WW't' (Kahle and R f R - a R T f R - W W l R , C4? iOi'Js, R., ? t , Oo^b t.; ((?) M.
Mustafa), iii, (5c), 43; (ff) Weil, Chalifen, FV, pp Bencheneb, Etude s u r les P e r s o n n a g s
xvii-xxi; V . pp. vii-xiv; (b) E. Amar, in Melanges meMionne's dans ridjaza d u cheikhAbd
H. Derenbourg, 1909, 245-54; (H) G. Wiet, in BIE, al-Qadir al-Fasy, Actes xvie Cong. Int. Dr., iv,
1930, 89-105; (b-) Brockelmann, II, 41, S II, 39, (S) Paris 1908,19 bis.
F. Wustenfeld, "Die Geschichtsschreiber der E. Levi-Provencal (E.1.2) ^TOP tR
Araber. no. 490; ( i o ) Hadjdji Khalifa (Flugel),
^n^-'5l^^-Tl^ (o.,l,^lI _^>LI j ^ l ) 8 t w
index, no. 4301.; ( i i ) Babinger, 61; (i?) W R - W 4 l f ,
t t f R W ^ - W W f WR-'^wf t w f '^R?tR4 -a'Wt^fRr, STO
W - ? R w ^ 5 - w R ' , ?t., vsei I
cTOf? ?r?w-? ^rfwrf I ^ttw? # ? w f T R ? RR4 wRtRf?
W. Popper (E.I.2)/^WIP
wt; w R R v 5 ? / s i Wof%? Rfwc^sf t ? 1 f w R i w ?
^srf^-Hl^'lPlH ( j ^ U i l j_.l) 8 1 ^ t W T f ? I W i T t f ^ w w o i ?Rw t R t R o WT I R R f w ? R RtRw R W ? W R W
t ^ f 4 W R - ? t f , R ? w t ? " W R R mi trt^ww f f w ? t , R?txf?, Rwt? 4 R w tRwwi? cw3t I i i i w # 5 w r f i R 4
Sv5b-/i-o-i W ^ mu I ?nRgpf ( W f ? 4 t T ? 4#RffR) i4wn:Q'8 WSRI ^^"tsfî 4faiii(.^*( i ^no/b-trNu-i
t t w f Rjiwt?
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W1^"
^^m^ t i m wiR-i"m. iif%^-ig? %R MM ^s.'snft mmm, bSmcsR m ? M mtRim mgtm^ m^^mRm m A ^

wtRm mgim? ai^ca? itmw %? R=T wsmim ?5c?^ i
Rt??5 <s Rf'wrs Sci^H^cgi mi ^ R w ? Rmtmmr??
m?jTA mm? mrsf R R is>b mm mn-wrRi^ wmm?
SiiiHti ^ttm? tg^jR? T ^ t i t mm; (A) w H - cAmmpt t i m i mci btatm? mimm^ mm? ctmr? mvsi?
m?rR 'G?it'5T-iPAt^, wpT-i'Mcvs<] u r f H R 'tiraicvg? ^ m^ mmm '^'r ? S C ? 5 f mm i??^c*a isi8 tgm kf?^tR?
m^; ( ) w i i - i # m , msmw? sfttti?5 ^pR^ timtm MS Rgf? fRir ^^RTsRo A? I Rf^ w i ^ mgim? m??
?T%W? IT?^ I lilt W^ a f r p t tttRrft S. I^mRsi R ? R I #Ai? R ? mai m ^ i?m? miR#?
Smogorzewski-? ?1%^ ( 8 ) *|4p^<ti-rtlfl iRbHFi? mmw iflt mgim m^4iR?i-mimm^ MM^
li'wrR wmi^; Aran-AHM itRR tRm ^<iîw %i? -t^ ^%??i%RTO2tRkFiRt^^^?n:Ai '
mmm 'm^p fsrtwt? 'tRs f ? w R A'l^trA? Rm?
mimiw istFm?i?ri? m ^ iR<i^w? topj mtmm^ mm? tgm
i'S'SA tt., i t . , 'bff-'b, iff; (A) i^ mt^, w m m^'WT (All^ c?R mgim? i<3irA ^ $f ^^Rm? wuf mm^
AT^tc^ W I R;^ I mgim? R ^ t t mm line's;? >i<'8c??
( ) E. Masqueray, Chronlque d'Abou Zakaria, m ^ tAfc -"tlR Atc^'t I tR?i? ^mf) *tfR, ?R?i? ^tiRi
^ M f e t i ibr'ibr, is> fkn; ( 8 ) wi^-15ram-'^m%TT, 1T#rft t I R , cmi?i? R?Rf *tlR, i^sRi? wR;m^ t I R , <[*(m? t?^!
Lwow University, fol. 3r-16v, 17r-25r, 37r-47v, mwt mm^ t f R . i K i -â-^Rxi? 'iRs $?îw? ^m^^F^
115v-120r, 268r,270v; (ff) A. de Motylinskis.
Bibliographie du Mzab, Bull, de Corr. Afr., ib-b-ff, - i R r i ?TffR?mR5 R R vsif^ m mR5m,.t#R ^n?i
ô, ^l ^s; ('b) S. Smogorzewski Materiauz pour m'G^ HRrs ^srtASR (?)-ii? ( R ^ f ^ T (?TOm timiml^c??
servir a la bio-bibliographie ibadite (wamf^^) i RRiiR^R:5T i^^.liAiR^^mimTR^ m ^ ^ R n w R R
T . Lewicki (E.l.^)/ w l ? ^ I t ^ #?^ RftA ^Rm Rmra? m^[iR? m R - ^ , g8t-c?gm -^tc
Rf^ RR(3 R ? R JTTI im^sTrnmc?? R R tmms m j>Rt^F i
I) s -srt^sM, w^3C5ra
ih(tb mm R R ^^1% tSRsF iRmg? caiRc^s^ R<|R^ a f i
a(fri*fttirsmm t%cii>s3cw<) w w t ^ I'Sri^fjj'm (?)
s i R t e ^ R R mRHr w i t ^ TV5%? wmiK ?tc
wFTi I lift i f f t ihoH PM âttn? cmmmvst i m f5?i
^#m?WRmti
arm? la?? %{m? ?i?itft i!?<im ^f=5sjAt w ^ i # A f ? R m
m R ^ #m?i wRp i,'Sti?M (?) R ? R miim^, i?5i,fstft
^ %M statin? m?m maim? ^^5^? (2t% . ?niR,t? I m\(.m m-iîw mrni^f ?5Rm? w R R m?
R ^ I fmm? M^ mm? antRr^ Rw? metR i R R isii'i stRR^T % ? t ^ mm? tmf5 R r t R E i i R w .mtm? *Rc^f i
'bâfii m ^ R AF ia??,mi ?7i? w m ? ^ ?5Rm imRi tm? w i wwmrt? mm?f msp mmw wiajf t t m ^ i
iSl"*!? i i Rmct ^ 4 AF I w?t? ^ R ^ f R R m ? ^ tot ^FSfc?? mm? 1 ^ mgim i r R w , iac?? mm? m? wt^Rm
?5Rm ^ ??}? m?^ ^ (?rsm7t , m^F^g, R?rA: w i ? f spiRig, wpTC?? mm? R^m? ^tR? ms n R w , m^R:?? mm?
mRsT w s ( m w ^ I R R i 8 b Rsfft m m c?tmt-sa? ^5?f5 M m^ ? a i r ^ i i R w , .aii tm? mm? -tpi mmm
cstmn ^<R^ Rmi^ mgim mR^ 'Sticiisi t*i=iiR?it^ R -istm u R O T mim? ^Rr^ I
mmc? A i ^ RSt m ?sc?5T I R R R^R R ^ ^ t R a A??^ #?w? c*t? firtcs lilt ^ i w i m t ^ ij^siiwiij ?Trfm;^
w!CFmi?mA^m^(?)-ia?wm^R?Rtmi w m m AF I 'stm? RRs ^ -ai?! tRt lai.t.iiR. wrosi? a i m
lFtwr?-'a? RRtt ^ ^ t r t ? m:m ?R?tcaf t R ^ W W mPAi^st cmmmT wi?gp mt mcAw? <ii>i<)cf trmtm
? 5 R F [ f t (?) Rt#? mtA"m*f '5aii^ (?> i sftRiiR^ tmmm R R ? I ? S O T ? 'a^mcF lAt? # m R ? ct? tîsR wR?tR5 a? I
c*t? ?#?n R R ^,?sT%( m ? w ? ? RR^ sfRî m i i m c ? w ? ^ 'lA ?.i? ??m iSi'iSi mm? iA c m : ' ^ Rf^ t R ^ mm i
?sc?'F ia?i A t ^ R)?<> mîRiR wm?F ?SC?'f i m?c? ^lAt? W ? W C W '^Rm ?lAtr C?!R ??iR? RtW-Rf'WICo?
w m R R H m g t m ? l A f R f A RiK? ^lAt? R t w m # ? r F ? ^jsm I î? m Ascit ?j!mc? 1 ^ mR?i? ^ R R ' S t F m ? i ? t c ^
tm? t ? f?R2Ri -pSmCT? mt?m?T?im m m m , wtRrat
timftRsicm?
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W f ^ l - f f w f w (W) Wfs^-imra W f - W T i f (?t)
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wtf^T-Tnim w H - w m i f t (m)
wi<pf-i5Tt? (m) I'wiftiT wrft 5ip?w (^D-iif? R t m ^ cmmn? tRmcF'a cfi^.mt cmm?5^ i 'Sm?m m^c^R, ^mmi
ft. srfmi tHR)ii I w ^ witsjA'Wtft m 1 cmmm ar^ ^?pRm îtmt cm m n A ? i A ? W T T R
iT?iftw? icm mm t-rRx^H w ^ Rf^ f % ? R vitAfw? \sfAi? f t c s R ?5f!ii5)^ n t m w f t m ? bji'sii^ ^mAir^ ^RR ? R R wim
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cm. TO RH ??i Atsllî iAo tm wtw! mT|n-?im? (m) C?AC? ^mm? mm? AT mftm ^'wt ? m R
moj ^ I mw ^jm? mm? mm ^ mi ?RR?R, m5i=i?iiA (R)-'a? f r o t t t n , cmim f m : ^ mm
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cmaf^ I t R fî^R ^sttRft?^ 'wi?fî^ (,m)-i9? i m%f mm t i t c ? c m n T T O ? c ^ ^ A i t . tt^mtc? cgRRn, w t R - m % ,
m n virm? W T ? m fm, mm? m^srami fin ^mm At.,8(fo)
R^-mtf?A t ? ^ mtî 1 ffR ^mim cmcsrn^ i m#5i ar^*t#t s ( i ) t ? F mR, wT^-V5'Hi<M'i-^f?m,,???^^.f?.,
'twm^ mff? m n wi?^ tpi ffn i "witm m n ^tim? t . , e v i ; ( A ) t ? ^ A T M ? w p r - ' w r n i m ^ , w B - t n m , fii?
m ms\ f^, mm?j?^ f%?R ^-f?m?s- f ? ^ ^sn^ 'mi? t ? F * i ^ b - R., S t . , A A i , R^tn i A f f S ; ( ) i^ cnt?5,
t ? ^ '*ii<iRei-mptmT I i ^ R i ? 'mm? ?t?? ^ i m?s'ff^-mA?'^, A? R t , '2??i'S iOSXj/iS)'!? 5 R , A t . , 8ho,
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^RmrsrT I ^sc? xsim? ?f^ A T % ^ R i m i ^stm? ^ m^K?? ???i^ iS)<bb- b-t., 80S-80b, 1?.tTt <HS)i, m' t?=T 'WR?
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m<p-mm? (m) f^c^R ' W S M mpicrniî w ? ? i i i R t , 'Z??;^ iffi/iS)^SA, t . , A 8 ; (iî) i^ c n t ^ ,
m^mtmi cmcara -m ^mcff^R Rsf ^sf mm R c ^ i WR-^t?1^-m?Tf?'?JT, t??r m . R . , A t . , ffoS; ( i o ) WteT- -
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mv?i*R m m'amu f%R TO ^f?c=R, c m ^ cm? A?^<I^C^ mt i
ttmicm ^m? cm CAC^T ? i f t ? mftc? mifin i îm? f ^
f%R fifîm ^Rc'i'i, cmm? cmm?? cfc^rf^ if^Fi, mc??
mrs? % 5 ^[mtm wtcf? i m^sf? f%R m?s fm?R, c?5fm? (j;iij)8 m^jR t ? F '5ATmT t ? F w i A R R t ? F t??i%i tiT^n-im'
wTf mm wtfi i s f # , ^g^s. iaR mft? miR. i cm?sf^ mft? m n ' ^ R s , 8f/ioi t ^ s r ^ A T m ^ i H ' - A R _ T f?tTT^
t t m rnilmm \mm? wm?-w^#iR? f???f i'mm 'f^ s^^Ri^Rif I S w i t F f?m?g I 'Sim? "ifsT m r m*fc<Cm5t?cm?_wtcA i
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wRitm siRm c?#FC5R mi <9\c^'\, -^cmâ 9m tff tRcm? mm m? i f%R i s t m ? f?!%o ?c?t^stj^ iiimiiR<> ' W H - A I R ^ '
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( ^ I R R , WlR-mtlA, At., 8(to) I tiT?[*n-Am-ia? m n st^Rr w r ^ t i f ^ stm^ ^gt ctcrn^
wt^m? R-mf (m)-iii?Rjm R R mR-m%i sfR mspm ?jf%R ? M T ? f n m i < s n f ! ^ # ? % n ? / W R ^ - ^ T I W ? (^.
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timftRscm?
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W p r Ri?si ^ - f ? i T F t f t (W)
WpT-TOm t w (^)
^ I "irm 2t*fR 2t*fR f x 8 ( i ) '^^swR ' ^ i 4 f ?5t?t, t%t^ CtPI 4(?CH W 1 Wtf '^TO (W)-iil? ?Ntf?tft
<M?IM1W iiSio/ib-SA-iS RtW f & 5 ; t t t attfR '^^srtf ^ WTO ttWI at?c<=l? Rt^ Cii?W? ^WtWt W W ? f t ? CWWs
t w '^^ft^ brff8/i8ffo-i) W o 4 ^fR ??f t w tltWH W ?t5lW lilt RIW ^R>l? ?t?lf?C-1't I
WTO W?->il? c t t îlfTOat^ôtrot R I T O f w Wf"R-'WTOI f t t W f t - W ? R Wl-t^f "Wft (W) tit^ ?S,%t W ? flw^ I W T O
W t - t f f - ^ ' W F t f W - W 1 ^ 1 % ' WW t f w R o W W , C t t t ? WWW* ww? TO %t '^m< (w) I T?t? t % W R mm
^RS?RC<=I? W ^ t R t f ^ WftWol 'Sîjlf ^ W#lR; (?) Wr-ttiw wt-twifw? a r i T O ?w ?tJiic^, W f ^ -
fSftftwgR-lw?' i w w R w w ^ W t ? art; ( ) ' f f w R ^ W ? R wi-t^'?nft ( W ) ^sft? ww 'iiiii?t? ^w?w? f w ;
f?W?n', attfR ? 1 W ^ W^'RcfT? 1?R^ WsTOi? I tw^ R # ^?Rat?et W w t f t t W T lil?? lilt f C ^ Rt^ R f t R W T I t?5f
R?,Wf ?ftWr^; ( 8 ) ' W R - f ^ l R W R'R-RTW', W W l ! ^ , ^ t ^ - ' T T W att^ t ? f ^ - W % RRrrtX^, R R W?WW? fWi
WfMw 4?!fi*(*j<par^ ? ^ f W W R ; (ff) ' W f f l ^ e i - T t R f s i ' RI?t'r5 ? ? t <RW I
(s) 'f3jW5R-'Wi?#T', lilt ^ a}r^ ^TJWst t?C?ftlf t r o f t R s f (?) t?t? ' t i D ? W f ^ ' aJc^ vsrtfsi-W?R (W)-iil?
ww:: wwtwt ^fkmck, w?*it ??; (*) atctl^ w w w w<3W % T O w ? iii4t& Wtf^ 4l??tc^ I ^ Ôfr:?'Sw??
îl4ttR %flW'ar^ (ed, A.W. T. JuynboU, BTLV 1881. (W) ? w ^ , wti W T O W'QW [ W f = i - W ? R (w)]-iii? twjfcR c?txg
215d, t . 2 6 7 n ) , f W ^ ' ^ RW-WsWf (^J. cww WtwflW^ I t w lilWSR t l t # T WttW ftwi
ioff/ib-b-b--.il? 'U<l)-iil? ftWRW^ 'W1F'R-W?^' W W wR lit CWW5 w w w w t w t?WR I lilt w f w W?<3 ^ t
(Brockelmann, SU, 814, C. H. Becker, 1st. 1911, ?t??lC^, ('^W?W? W T O ) "C? W W ? ? W f R ( R ) ! Wfst R W T O
23), W ? t f R o "^tW WC4, lawt t w stf Wâi? Rcs WR? WRw? R ^ t?51 W R t f t ? W TO ?sf?W Wt??" ?tf^W^
W1W WTO Wi?lR t ^ R s ^ W G atWft ?? I lilt ' W # R ' ( R ) ?tRW^, "?t W S ^ t ? t W CWWW? S C ? < t W < 3 T O ^ t w "
(JuynboU, l . G . F. Kern. Z A 1912. 170-iil?W5 (WR-ttI?t, i t , iio) I
t%^) liRsfS (H?t*IIW af^ W^TR? I t?IW ? T W ^ Wf'WW? ' an|t# 8 ( i ) t w ^twt?, w^r-tttw - f Wffttw-tm, tit?
r5lW5 R s l W W W t W r ? (Sahacht, ,ln Studia i?b- R., i t . , iio, R i t J t i ; (?) t f f ^ ' W f ? , t f f c t - W W ,
Islamica, i) i C?TO i S S R , i t . , I S 8 I
ar^R#t t ( i ) *W?fR-4lfelWR-ff?r%, ' W R - W ? t % F ' R - iE8f?t^?5wgR'??TO
f f W , W?ii?tTO i ? tt., ?t., iSiJs, i.b8, (?) Flugel, Die
"Sft^ ( j J U 4 J I ^ 1 ) 8 ( W ) .il?sWiTRr?tft flew;
Krone der Lebensbeschreibungen', Leipzig, 1862.
\5c?' fR W f R - W ^ t w - w R m w:?=t I lilt ^n? t i s f w
58. 152; ( ) '^rm 'W?^-?lf?J RfWI?"^, 'WR-?fWtf'R-
t w WR-wwiRf w?i?if-? fra W f T 5 W ? ?<Rt? w
W ^ ' , WWW i?8 t?., ??o; (8) Brokelmaim L 210
Wfwf^ CtR ^ R W W f W W lat 8 WF5T-?t?lI1 ? W J t , ?r^5^ ( R )
t . ; (ff) S I, 347 (nos. 6 and 7 refer to the same
W W W 5 ^ ? s | ? W C i # I W ? f 5 | ? t t % ? R , "ttw? w ( ? ^ ^ w ) ,
work); (b) W?sf? f ? 1 T O W 5 I - W t ? W f t , WffltfW-?1=^Ttf?Wt.
W t w t iis?8 1?., ibro-bri I
C? W f R - W ? W 1 ! " lilt Wf^ ^SIW? w w f ?<3W sfTOt 4W t
w r i t e r a|Wft ??, fR WfR-?l?^l1 t f f - l t ? J ? H WIWT,
J. Schacht (E. L2)/'5?nff TO
?si?t ? l f ^f5? iil?sm ? T f W?!? t w mm WfR-W?W1
xsrt^-^-^si ^-f^fTFlft JUJJ I^ I ^ 1 ) 8 (W)
t f f - w t ? j ? i T O s #t? tt^ W t I cttisfw t w ' ^ J * ^ < ^
sftw; W W f t I 2tlR t r o ^ tt^ t t R m at?et ?sRwflW^ I ^5t?t?
C?W " W t ^ ' tw?tw? ' f W l ? t?fWo-Wt?J?R'-iil Wf?j^ 'SfsIR
W R 5 T T O ' ' G t W C ^ W 5 W T ? t t W X ^ I ?W 8 ( i ) '^XHtj?!!? t ^ ? ? ^ i
t w '*ii?iîi-wf%?5 w i - i i i ? f ? i f , (?) ww?5 t w ' t f ^ t w a f ^ # 8 t w W ^ W W t W f , WÎ-tWW, 8 t . , ?iis, Rs;tTt
NsHff^ t w t w ^frm (W5r-?SI5IF), ( ) w i - w r a ^ i?oo, f i t ? i?br R. I
t w 'W?f?W?, ( 8 ) 'îlHlsll? t w *Wffw1? t w 'tf^ t w f ^ t ^ fft?f5 ??TO
'Wff?W?tW t w tWttff I R R ??R-WT5LW
^5rt^-<liH^|J| ^ ^ ^ . ( L ^ \ > ^ l fJU4JI 8
R?,3J^ lilt W W f f R C f t?t?t? W W ?lt% W TW? *I^^pP?
' fIcwT w ?jtww t<icit iirw5 i (W) t w 1l?H '*IH W f ^ (W), ?lf5(?ll? (R)-iil? Wbt W f
WfR-Rt?5f RWf? Wif cww ?#t?slft I t w ^5I?t? ^Wt? W W?t?-iil? Cit3J, iil?sw^ w w f lil?? f ? m CWC3I? C2# W t t W f
^ t r o I w lilt w w t tf^ R t f w il5Ib I ^5t?t? lilt ww?r<i? Wf^-iil? ?<?^1? I
t t w f RscW?
t.R.V??
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Wpi-TOTO t?g-w%?H (w)
TTO T t W f t ? t l W i f e t w W ? m^ Tlf^^'fW W f ^?RW ( w ) t?R f x a ? i f i ?Ri (B. t?wr) I

4fete^ I liJt S W f W ? t W P - t t % I 1 RR ? l f ^ ! R W t t ? W R , W? ?f% R f J W ? t f ^ i ;W, w?t
w?H, l i m f w R Wf^pi? (5T)-'ira wef f ^ m i ? i f 3 ^ ( t ) w f ^ c ? ^ f x a t?R ?if^ ? f ^ ?? ^ I
W I W W T O (W)-<ira TOf R w K W mi TOH, "C? TOI! W t T O TOt 'SlIlRlfiH-f^ T?ffff? TO -Warft ftWW W T O f
t>gw Rs W T O ^5if5raf <t>R^R^?" W W f n - W a ^ tw f l w f f f?R R?,W 'ilf5t TO W f R - T O W l ( W ) t R W R 4 C W ; t W
w j ^ l W ? ( t ) - c 4 TOW, " W W W W t T O R 4 ^ R w t w wwn ? T W ? ' W W l W f f ? TO t ? t t R R t f w aJ^tWttr I W .OS. TO
RsT, c? wmi" lut ?RiW R R ^Riw TO i t r a w W T O wt i R-spfR-'i) fR f ^ W ? I W f ' S % C I t (?Tf?R Wfl) 4?T WT I
W f ^ w ? ( t ) '^tro t w w ? t i R R w # f ? T TO I a f ^ t ^ 8 ( i ) t w W t w ? W - ' W W t W f t , W5T-tRT?t, St,.
arxt# s t w W - W j W W f , W - t W W , St., ? i o A i ^ - ^ i o , R?,tTt i i I S , f l W iio^b- R ; (?) t w R t \ "T?14T,
tsWti?oi,R^-? io?b-R. I i t . , ?ib--??o .8 ???; lOt., '01'!}, 88'b, S81 'S SSSi, S t . , S. 'S
b-t., '0?(?, t??i, W.R.; ('0) TOt 'SWfStfjTT-f^, f i W I ^ -
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8 i , 8?, ss. 's ?8br 'St.; bo 9m w . R ; id) t w
^ t r o ^ t R t ^ ajf$ra, ff5 TO w f w w W f f f i i ? I w R j T O ITO
? t f ? , W R - f ? t f ? - W ? T R R J t , ? t . , i l l , ilS. .3 ?oS. % ^??i,
^ t l R W ?I%W rot ?? I tTO W W ? TO W f W R f
i'OS.b-ftsit r
"WSR- ( t w W R , 1?W1, t., S81) I
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4CW I TO C?t WW?, I W S W W ^ , t ? t ^ ? W f , C?t ?SR? ^5iTf[5T-'^Tf^ rm-wt^ ( ^ j j v I j L J i ^ 1 ) (w)

f w t ? ?lf=l?ll? (R)-iS[? tft W W 4f?W tTO W W TO'W %m W f f W ? i^)-m w w f t I t f f w f f " w R i ^1?R ^ t
4w^, fR ^ww? ix?T ftcwT R w (Rt ?Jttfw w w w ?ft?n:? I 4f??tCW, W f - W 4 ? t w ^ " R t f 1?R ^sifjrat 4 R W C W ifR?
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fR 'W^W-'il? f i f ? TO'WW R f R f^?R I Sim TO'WW ? t f R (R)l W i R f l f f ? R R (W)-C4 W ' 8 'iI?RR C<ift?tC5 I
?if=l?ji? (R) f%t?Tfw w?w? w % ? ? w : w W R c w f ? KtW (Rr?tfftt) fWWtW ? 5 R W R , " t w W f W W ? ! ^ t R #t
(Rt ftiR^, fR f l W R W(J11 4lt WC5, f?t? Cfif<Rlf|CW?" fR ? R C W , " W f l CfiftRtR -iJ^f^ ^ < - R f ^ ?RIR
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sf^t^ 8t w - ^ * ^ w - ' w w T w f f , w - t t i w , 9m
tw 1?R5't. i't., ??o, St., S.; t w
i'0?b- R. S t . , S.O 'J., tS,tTt ?8Q I
?t., Si, S? 8S., fiR?, W . R ; tw
'5?tWiRlW?l?^,W
i l l , ilS. ?oS.) I
i f r o R s R w ? t ? ' ^ w ^ t w Rt^'^^w? Rft W f f W ? rr^-'î*{^ ( _ ^ i ^ 1 ) 8 (w) lit^w? w f t t t w w f t I
( R ) 1WW W ^ ? T O W ? ^ ^ ( R ^ (g. t t l W , St., AiA.'S tw 'tlWt f "WW <3 W f ? R R R ' # 4 ' ( W ) t W w m^
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>oi(^, t w ^tro, f ? t , ?t., 8h ^ ?sb-) I f^ t t l ^ W f l C W , 'SItb fR W f ?14C?? TO W ? W ^5tW f??
. Wf5T-?l?WW?fl?TOfl^WRWf?fW?rI ifRw?tRw WWR I t w w W f , W?!? (W) ? W R , W t R W T O TO 4W
f l i R ? I tTO t w WH ^RRW'S WWf?W f l W R mi W^^W? <lPlC'oC^H W Cro? W T O W:?T ^ t t R f f ? R ^ Ct#l?tW^ R ? ^<5W
(R)-'il? W W TO'W ?#?rtf|iR? IS. 1W?slf, b-t!, ?ff) I f W ? ? ? W ? R , W , W W ? 3 ?R1! W t W C 4 liRsI^ f r o R W ^
'S<lRii W ' W S R " WIR tTO m WW<3 W W f t f^WR I fR 0 # R t R Wai, W W W T O ^ t ^ ?t?ic^ I R c^tf^twr^ 1W
TO'w-t 'W41W <3 ? T O ? f i : ^ Rft4 f l w w 1 fR R t R w t f r o btt?ci f W ? ? ? f T O R , W f 5 f - ? T R ? W W w t w W f t t f ! ?
W IS. 1?WT) Ot., 88S. ^3 t w ^Sb-, ^'^v ^tW ?1C^ ??^ W ^ WtWC?s C # R T R 1 W f , ? R R ( W ) t^
f?1,
'io) I W - ? 1 W W f f t?R m (RR'8 Rl?tf??JT ftcWT IS. RRt, ? R W R , ?f I R?TW w R t??lf5W W T O ?RSt? ? f f ? W?3iW
t., 88'b) I W t R W T O ?tW'S'StWt Ciift?tC^ I
t t w f f?'{icw?
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Contents
wiipT AIRR
crivsitst ( R ^ s t ^ s t m R R R R s ^ o R ^ is>ffo fiR^fw

iOAb- R , 8 t . , 88, R^tjT A?'l I w ^ i I <1MJ4H Atet R R ^ R m ? Rc5=R I i(S>8s>
>iR,<i<l,*i slA^H ' J P ^ ''p^ ^ A t ? T^ft^tR m^ cntf T R I '
wi^pT A I R R ^ A t ? #?'5;mm lit (Rct? ? R S F R ^ , R R I R ^
f f t i -^z^ -?i^sm Rnni I ^5tAi? 9m c i t n f I^FPSR I f ?#?n l1r^ mt I iS>ff A
W R R R W T c m r o ? % ? lT#t ^tsT
fRra ?mS5#?5 I T^^j^ m ^ wmra % R # A r a % R ^ R t w t w H T R I R R I m?,'f5JA'i w ^ i mi cms^ <R5T I

l a t ^ 'ttAff^s (RiR RtR R m R m r ? m m n m n ?#c A S I ^tms
(M^ ii<ii<>iwt "Rim^-t m^mft' mR 'iRs A S I t m m r s R
ffmiA, I R,lwfi Rtlf <M|ii=1 *t?R ^ # A t ? 'Jl^tSR ?1<M1^ RRC l i l ^ cm?<TfS5 R m ^ (Rte n w
S t R R o .at R R (RT'RR W ^ ?fRT5Rs f? I iJsff'b '^f.
f # R R (it ml?? ( M R m R R ? R I
W R I 'StRR t?ffi W I R R W ? ^s^sfRR R R t(1 R??r^ arttR[^ ' iJs'bo 'î. A t R R m ^ t i m R ? s lamii^ff? atR
R w ni w ^ I W f A t w t R R tinii) f^tr^ mtf^ fRi>H? Rrp? A F mi >>hHo o i m ^ f # R R lit^mR:'^
I ronî% mft^[^mT? w m ? m;^ m R n A I R R ' ^ I A R
f f f ? wmro wrsiRiratt mm mi 1^-^% sm msm m^R,
Wt*(R^ 'Wt^TstH^ ms^R, #?-RsR, iRpSt-RsR ^s tRAiR ^gcmm f R b H F i s timR<t> <xi?stTO%^ m mmi. aiRife iRi^
t l r ^ 3 ^ Arf I w*OTn?R W I t*i=iltii<) ( R l R ^ ^3 I ia?m:fR fRi>M4 Rmr? "mm? " S I A S I ^tR ^jcmtr
mm tAR ^ spsT?i isfcFi 1 R1% ifRs ^ 'Q ???tR[?s T|RR? w i R R t t t ? m m R m ? '5?wfcF? i^m? RâiRim m^m W R T aif
wRrmft AF I 1?!?^ 'stAR R1 *l1>SttFR4, ITRIR^, f<PM m I 'mm? m R ^ ^5'^?iw, I A R m m t R : ^ m^
Rt^^R^ 'Q ItRRj^ <Mf<=1ICf ^5tAt? i ^ W i H T (RlRl^ ^RsRst m R i ^ f ? i r ? ? (RR'^^^ l i t w s R i m m ^ A S I m?m m m ? lat
w T i R A I R R ifeo-!* 'i--'^ aftn ?^t'R wit=T R R m^\5?iSRT m:?Ti^ ? R R I # f R m ?#?n:A I
R ^ t R o ^ l ifeOH'^. R ^ ' S | l R R % t ( R f ' R R W R | ii8i( ^. timRi?5 i f r m w t t ? fRi>'M t r o wRR m m ^ i m RRt
RR sftwRl^ 1 ^ % ^ 'QTilR^ w u mi is.8o sm^te^ mRm^ >t?<t>iw?t f i m R ^ îtR>n# ?#Rim? w u
'^f. smRRt^ ^ I R R ^ I ' R 1flvR5 Rt^tRs Arl I ^ R5R R i ^ A F liR?,?^ >sf^ str^t? 1 ^ ^ m m m ^ t^^witt m\m
R R ?l^t^ m W j M iT'SnRI W R R JJ-ÂI^ (ff.)-^ WtArrCF R R c t ? R n m r ? W5t% f R m m n ^ ?5r?Ji i mffmn; R m i c A ?
'^ptm-t mRRR wimM ist^-îR? iRsiR!; lii^^ t=îRlft # w t R Rm t R m n ^ R R cft3t-c'l1# (RtRg-citRIt
i R t w siRtR wfsTrpsf "fm^ ' ? R R R % ' R uRspgi Ate i S'smR?^? ^tc ?R's ^ I lat W R A i i t ? ! # m ? i ? ^^mf^^fR
tI1l31 ÎC-*iMW? mi ^ ^0*<C^ R R f <!WH 3 5 t 1 2 R ^ 'arit^'fs mc? ?iTmTR m^ mRtrsR i R ? ^^Rm
w ^ ia?i R R Rrosit RH^^m? mR^ 5}At w ^ I tAie ^ R R P I ? t A m i
^n?R ^ W R C T ? RivSl tRm I R liR?, R R I (RCt? RtR^ wt^ A I R R m^n%i î^ m'f îm? Rc5=R i R f ^ttm?
V.'HPI'MW? ir*a ^ cpsm? AS I t i n i w ^ <t ^ i f t ^ (2ji^ m?b? R R ?t<MiR?jit\s? mm tRm# R i w m i t*tm51
n ^ RTHR 1 ^ mRRit AIRR I I R H wrcmwi ^trmtsT R^?im? ?i<Mi^ m^ f??tft m'R i wurm W R R ^pmf?
TCS^ I W T Rr? I ^ i s p m TlR^H WlC-HMF lil^ m;^ WTIR AtRHR? The Creed of Islam m i ^ anrt? i^t
m*fiR? ^f? 'îR^ liRe, c'fl^slR fT?,m?5^ R R I ^ Rm? ^
ntWlCTlTOR ?it'SJAt W I
R l R Wl?^lrt F**M? ms ^^T^ ?5RcCA I ^5tAt? i^t
W R p A I R R 'StAR f RblRtvs'tmi^ 'RliSf <U]'S^|? ? I %
c'ftmtsT R ? R isRj ^stAR Rct<i m ^ l R T R Ri^lR^s f^frt^'
mmmm ?t1? t i m f t R?R ^tr -a^ ( R T R I ^ 'SRPTR Rmr?
I t R i r m t ?t1^ m?m, m i ? f t ^ \s?iS!iil AtsiCA mi
ii<p1^ RsT'SfR' ffaRsi sm^ mm i R R ^ÎSt R r ? 1?*(R5TR
W U R<lR^ AtillfAWF I ^l'SiJFR>4 Wl^lCT, w t t F mR, WRRR
m?m mt?ft ^5?iSRt st?!TRt^ ^stcA I ^Stm? mrnim Rtn^ '^^s
As I see it, In Retrospection, Arabic Made Easy,
^ I M l M l R 5 R -snRRt t ? k ^ m^ A I R R 'mAR at^,
How to Begin. ??gT^ ^t%i3s t ^ f R A R , m t m ^ f^tms^xs,
mRirsT ^sfR ^ m\ stR^m^s T^^J^ -m
w t R * t w H c R m?tR, 'st'ltFR^ mm t R m i i Rm? 'stm:
fiR:5Ti
i s t ' t ^ ^ R ( R t R i w R wmi wm?Rf i W R R AIRR >>y>'^B
ifeS'l l l R ^ H s j R t e ' R RRl t f t l ??J'R WRATS
I I R R W ? W ^ ^ ^ I I W ^ mi tiRRi ? R I ir^^stAramfR?
timftRtcm?
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Contents
W p i "?ITO w r - w R f t
a r ^ t f t % ( i ) Abul Hashlm, The Creed of Islam, i n v a s i o n W 1 4 afr^ ^f ^Rwri?, ?fR R?,roT, i T . , bo) i
Dhaka 1972; (?) i^. In Retrospection, Dhaka, ^ I W T ? R?CJ1W ajr^ l?lt4 W R 4 C-['i^lb|Rvo|f=1<l5 ^CSf? WW
1972; () 'iPf.m. fletf?!!?, W p f ?rt*t1 'Q ^ ttWiw ^stRfj^ ?!?! ?t?ilc^ I w f ^ c?t lew fTO
4lSKik ll3m, ?? H f f t l ? t?.tTf I WTO ? 4 T O r r ? TOf R W ? W TO I 53icJT m^ c t t R s r a
'*nt?Ff W # T^Wc?? ?t?tw ^ f w ? t R W f f W fipHJf W?WC15T (^f c t t
" S i T ^ - ^ T ^ (^,.,.rJl j ^ l ) s C t M f ^ ff?flf t i ^ c^ftw? "mf^ Rtww f?t? '5jft?T ?5Rwrw, c?i?
f=1lH I R5f5 WS'Slstcil<) t?t? Tflf%nJ R w ? Rstt^ rot? ^WC*f t f f R - W t t ? , f ? W'3?tR.etfT) I R f ? ?fW ?f?tW T?W? t 1 R
CTOifSQt W J R t 4 i ? ? t t?l? ?1W*ftf WC?T? ( C W . i'blrl) I R C W l?IW? (C?1? TtCtff, " W s ^ ?11fW? 4 T ? f t f ) , ^ .
Rs^ sti? W ^ TOt w?c?tc?? i ? w p t i ' N roitw ^ 5 1 ^ ^?t Ttwf 'Ws^, f f f w i B a r t h o l d , Turkistan...iT.,
R R *iiPi?ti:s$? f r a Rffs wron?? ^s[f^ f R , *êj^ -ptR' TOf i i T . , Slit. I
T^pk TO ^ffJP ror? c # ^ TO=i^ ?sc?^ i WFf-?liicf^ w p t o W . B a r t h o l d ( E . 1.2 'S W.W.t.)/

C T Ow w ? ^ t ? i R w fitp w f TOt R % f 5 ?5R?f R R W f t t ^ "g?t^'SI? w f
TOK?J afTO afC?*t TO rot^ l CTOTJ^t CTflR ?ff?f? ^rrg^ ( j . . . ~n s w ? f 5 f - w f i i fwR??
t r o ??f (CTtCS. i'bfrl) I ?t,'tR?> <I-o,ooo '&t?sl? f R TO (jj - ) , iffb-Si-i'bOo, RSfB W r o ? 'S w t w ^ k ? ? w ^ f w ?
?sR?t W'5i?W?f? Wfft-?ITOC4 G^RWTO fC*f ?T#f # ? W ? WW |R^R R f t I wf?tf? ^5f?tw R f R ? w?-t ?fTO' ^wRc ^R
021?=t?5C?=f I ?sw^ I R R c^?fr? ( W ? R 4 ) Raro mi wfwfw? w??ic?? .
wswRswi? WTJ1 siRw R f t WTfRfff-? âat I W 4 W f?l? Rct? W W R t
w r ^ - - g T y t i ^ ( j ... ^ II s ^f?f wf^-^W?=T mK 2iR<)jR W 4 W R R f R ^ oitit^JH^'T I f?t? Rwt
(O ,.,.,r>ll j _ > i ) f ? - f T O t w t ? ? f f 5 i t f ? % ^ , cwRsic^ Rl^sfeR? 1CW w r i R R f t TpT?-iii? WTW? siRRR, w t ? f % ? ?
c i t ^ ro a t r o m f ^ r w ^ , ^ R w t w w f wwm? s i R f R ' T ? ?T' ^RsR Rct? ^c^WRtW 1 cWwr^ ^RR;
'W?^-WR?5 i i , TOff? i i f ? ??-ig? R f w R ^ Wffs, ?fwtf, W ? R 4 f w R5T??w f R ? ^ff^ tlîw W^Ww I w ^
'S81-8{9/Siffb--'!>o W W f , 'Sffo-1i/Si>!j?-fr? WWf TjcW wwapj ' j W T ? # t?.f^ ?sRw R R ^ R w t?Rtj w?
'Sl'b-Hr/Sifr'b-frSi WWf t^lWC-t? .il?? f R ^RftWiT I-
Wwrfsfwi? R f ? R r ? s r w ? w w t w w R R w? w f ^ w w r o wsWR$^
i f W W o 4R?tR?R I "i^ W ? W w w f ?fiW?PT? CTOR
t5t W fT W W t w W W R ?f? W fT W W?W R R t ^ 'W^ t f ? fW t f ? w f ' t f ? W?W (WR) ?ff? WT-WTOff
4Rw^ I f?' ?? R?WRW WWf?T "^^m (^bd/hHb) T W W
W^-Wt?Tlf ((}-iff-Si'S/ii?i-{9l), C 4 f ^ T f ? mm ?^2fTO4 I
i f W 'S W R r ^ - W ' S W ^Wf? filTO ?W ?? I RfffW?? r R s
RR w'tRww? WtW ^ t R w w ? ^ t ? mm t w (tf?
f?t?ron?RTO?? i R f ii/<?ifr?Rtwfît?twRtgfcw!?^f?
Wf?5t ?ff?)-W (M/iiR Rt% 'SWICW R?W f S W I W t t - ^
Wf^-?'fTO 'Sf? ^ w R w R t i t R ro Wip ?w ?? i a t t i
?l>Rt4iCT ^ t ?s<rT ?t?IC^ [ t f f R - W ' ^ ^fW? atf
R;?s \5t?f? TOft R t , R*t^ ?ff?f? w?twj R R ^5t?t? ^ -^wW
Wt?-t% siu^ t?t? W ^ ^W??T t??^T <>R?llC6iH,
t??^ 4Rc<)^, R f T f ? f 5 ^ - W ? T O ' ' t ? R R "ilt TOW
Sh-av; ^. S.M. stem, Les Chansons mozarabes,
*|RWTT ?si:?iT ia[??f? ^^5?lR?st^ fcaf atr^ wf?fc? R ^ ? R ? t R Wf^TCSfr ifeff, 8 - 8 , E. Gsireia Gomez, Metrlca de
<j>Rc w w w I R f ^RR ^ f ? ^tRtR | 5 f ^ w ?tc'5, la moaxaja ymetrlca espanola al -And., 'SS't.,
t ? t W ' J f T O f?t? T ^ 1 W tlf^JR ?W ??f I R R ^ (is.18), ?ff] I N s n ^ t f t f t t - ? w t R ? R R ^ i, 8 i 8 c w w
W R ^siRRs T t w w I tw? T ? ^^fai W f 'W# (5.) TW? ?R5 m^ ?sRw (Rat^-W, ^ ffT); t?t? R???f W=iwf
'S RR^jôlw t?f f ' S T O f ; ^ - w ? r ? R t - R w ' w R R - w f w
s(fii w R r t t - i p ^ W f i ? i R ' s w t f R r o ^ w f ? Rmw, wtw WfRf-Rtwit f'8Wfr-'ef? ow t?'#tffR-^
t?t? W 5 ] ^ aiR^W fR?llC^'t (^. W t - T O ' W f , R W f R - W T W ? , WTR T R R s I lilt <FRt1^ t f t W R R ? W Rf W R iSRl t W ? '
W R - f li^f Rwt,) W ^ - R t W V ^ ??fW w f T RI?Rff?, RtW- <bRl ' W R C ^ f R f W R ? ?sR 'S WRW:T? *WRWsfRT' RfW
Barthold.Turkistan in the time of the Mongol tRfSR W s ^4C?H I t w ? W=tR?R R ^ W W'sW TO anWTO
t t w f RswR
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Contents
W!p-?1tH Wt-'wRft iio W<pt WtR W-WRft

i ^ i i h atg? R?.U4 ft'SRPt <i t W H 'sn*(JW liRS, ilt<Iit <I=Tt 010/s.bro W W WW? fW'f? w^tw? 4 W W R T ?r?i o t . ,
RR '5'=f stf 'raR R w R w R ^ w wt, f R R :i-s..i)) 1 w R f - ? wtRitct? 5n:?j W f ?i?tr W?'tf? w i
^ s r s ^ t w wRsj R w R w tw5i ttwRcwr i RîR ^ ^ t w T t r (W^-fwRw, R t ? t?,^t, i o s i R , ->[. i'jjff,
wtw;4ftR<T 4R *(tf?t a r ^ R ? ^ratt? 4Rm wf^ o o i - o o i ' w ? f ? - ? i ? ? i 4 - f?;Rf-fvT, %m\, ( w ? f ) R ^
R?in:^ t ?rt s Ws-R'f?p-?f^ R^r-îrwRR-TOwtf (ft-s. t s S R t , iSiSS) 'J., t f ? t f l W R - # W f , Rww, 4T?M iSiffo 'J.,
B. N . A^bSo) R?t^ ^ %fR5-Ws#W ( W ^ . . B. N . W f l f ? RrlWt? ( W ? f ) I W f 'Wf RwT?T?l? ITO R w
TOT, ?JT; R f T?t? t % t W R51 Rw? Rw^T
sr^tft 8 ( i ) VI144111, ?t., 8 i o ; ( ? ) WW, WffT-4 lltW ( W - W ^ t f , RWf^-tfW' ?T5l-f'S?TRw, i t . ,
oiS), W W , t ? W R ' ^ W ! > l , ?t., ib-i-8; (o) fprwf, DM, S t . , o^Js, "iff; < i t . , ???, ??o) I I
?ff?; ( 8 ) Brockelmann, it., SS.'JJ, fRRit i, Sioir, ?? t t 0?o/SiiO? W W W t W W R R f ^ RTRf R?.'(sr?t 8
i t . , bSSi ' f l ? # ???T4?t W ^ ' W 1 - ? " T T O t ? ^ 'W?RW? t f R r -
vtH|kT<P-(E.1.2)/^?|*ilW t v i l i j ^ H w ? f ? H w t - f ? T f - ? t w , ^t?f^ ' f S R fRRwiRg WfWW?
W W t W T f f t - . ( ? t w (Wf ?n?JR W s - W ^ , RvoIfSf-tlW'
^5rt^--^TTrm ^-^sitMt ( ^ ^ u j i ^0 s
^w^^-f^wRw, i t . , i o i - i ? { ) I w f ^ w^.^nrof (fwr^pi-
f?WT t w (WfR-?TW^ tW.Wf ^ ^ )
^ T O t , G i b b ^ t?,tit, o t . , i o f f - i ? s , W?'S W ? T W t?.'5!?t,
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tw^-'WfR, t ? ! W f p - W ^ - tW^-'WfR, W f W ^
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, W f ' W f Rf4t?I1?atft % R I R R t ? l C M tl^bC^ TOI? ^ t R R w îfRs ^?i%t-1
tlRsw^ I 'WRft w*iR4w? "5n:?j t w ^ % = R t , 'srfwf R R wffw
tw? ^ W f W : t 4 srcsR > i 4 t R 4 ^ t c w w w R W f W W w t w s fj's,t^ R W R .[??. wffw wiw? "5n:?j t w ? W T O ?
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RW4 W H W (Wf, f l l V V H W f R f t W R - R R ^ , WR-TO'stf-?!^ W ^ ' w f t f ? f w t?I? C 4 R C 4 R ^ R ?

R'Q?n^-R4W, f R n tl^Rrot, tStJIt Siio or., |3!4 ^bS. 4 ; 'SKsm atRro 4Riiic^'T (tf? f w , Wf-WWT, R t ? ts.^t,
w R - t f f R - w f R , f R ^ ti^Rww t ? , 4 R WRR, titit S88; W W , WR-R4T, W ? ? R t s . ^ t , .Jsii) i
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Rvs|fi- tW9t 'oWÎ-f'sWRW; W t - * l 1 ? ? l ^ l f , W R - R W ^ ffsir R.) 'Sf i?t? ( W ^ - ? T T O "wRf-?) - T i w i c ^ i t i : ^ ? T : t t

' s m - R ^ , R t s io'bv R. ( ? i ' a w f wR?), ot., w? TO 4R?H^H I R R ^tjWW W f ? t f ^ t t ? l 4 ' W ^ - R # , ^ R l ? ?
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Brockelmann; W R ^ ' w - ^f^, f t W ^ - ^ ' W tWiR) i , tt?rl W T - W ^ f , R*i4l'8?f?I? W?-?lf W f TOf? WR-W?tf-?
1W4 ^ W W f 5 t - W f W t f f R - ' W f R (Wf' ' W ^ t w ^ ?Rw t w ^Rwc^ I R f ^5T?t? TOU 4 ^ tww
RfW^Wn?, WwlR^-^Wl, "Jsi t , T t t . Amedroz, % C 4 T W t R??t W? wt, RWfR-f?W^ TO-R?"TR, ^ 1 ^ , ^
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4 W 4 W ? RR^ 5 i t w^R ^ i B R Roi:^ R ^tW f R o W i R R w a ( 4 t R 4 Ob- ^ ^tW S o 'jte W R T O
t t i r o I altCT .1441? WtWW W i l t 4 R W S (WWlRjp-^lR, .Jst., W f ?"I?IJM W 5 - W f l f ? ??tW W ^ - ? ' T T O W=T-'WRfT-? R^
? 1 1 , -Jpc&t t ? . ^ t , .Jat., ff?) O'JjS/SsIS W W Wf^t-W? R??tîat 4l??IIC^'( I
tff=T-'wfR-i5? t w RStwt? wtwg t w (w<3?^, t f ^ W?R?rt ( f . lAb-ZioAb-) ^^TO W-'wRf!? TO ^ r i ^ t
WR-f4lRW5, Rt? t S . ^ t , <3. o l ) I R R W W * t w 4 G R 4RWCW ( ^ W ? f w T W4'tflf-f? Wf^-'W??Tt W?"RR,
, 15??. ^*1I?^ 5r^?Ml? i2FWt f^ ? t ? tl? ^sjR^lRs < p w i R w f f - W R 'wwî-WfR" R'TOR, wTra io^bb- R., <3.001) i
( W ^ f t f , W R - t w t ' , Rt? t s . ^ t , it., ff (., Olo, V 1 ) I attwm 'w^R4Ch?) w T o w ' t w # ? 'sito:?! '<^tTO ^ t 4 R m
t t w f R^wt?
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Contents
m^ A l t H WH-'Wtflft
ft%fc^, f5?F w M - w t R f , RR m^ R ? R ) I (io) 'mn-wRR "wtmn-wRR ( ? f ^ ) [R?R, \stftt

99mm, ^ t mm, -fiTftk mfe? R m R t t RRm ^??Rt-? m?fiS af^R^ ?rm? ?t>f?i\sm 'R'SRR' - ^ C R ^
wTm w ^ 15?^ Asmo m%ff (mf) ^gpnwR (mT)-^^? ^^f??rtT:5F], tm? m^ ^ t^tfcn? f^?mm-t ^gm?mfF?Tt-?
w g m f w ? R ^ m*fem R ^ m W ^ I Socrates-ia? S ^ m ? f ^ f?mi:'t ? f ^ wTcf, îmm ^vm i<i^, <iff-iio i
Pithagoras (Rmrmmi) Tt%R? R ^ mm Arf ( i i ) tro^n-Rtrnf? fimn-wRif? vsmn-mm? ( f w r n R )
mi mispRi cursm (wi^pm^) R ^ Ri?R,iRs^ ctit&T I ^ - ^ T R R , R i s R R , wf^-^vaff^, wtn-tmm], tm? m^
tgRcîUwo R ^ RmF i' t?iT ôlsRsi ^-Rtl? 'wR-wtm^ mffnR, ?im afti ?<i?ii\s? wtn-?i<)ifii?ii ar^mr? R??f^
wHm-mtm^' m i ^ anri? m^R<cii? mscii Rt.apm wrniiR?' fin, ?^sinR 'mm m f ^ ^ mtt? Princeton f?tf?mtnc?
RR: Sf^Ro 1 w R t m s , RR\ot#!pr-^mmmi^'sr^'5tr^ ? f w W K f (Pohilip Hitti-ii)? RAf?, R^tTt-Ai'b'O) f&A
oi>o t . , 'J. i-Aff, 5. R M ^ f s n - i m m t n - t n f i n - ' w R t f f ,
m t m ^ , fft., (iSiAff), 8 ; Brockelmann, Supplement
Rm^-wrmw *iMH-wtmw-iR f f e s R "^tm? m^ ? M ? ^ t i t . , <^881 tm? TO <ss^ f?mm, R^tn i8, -î^ wtr^, mR
*R?lCAF mi WHR - g R m H R R R f t W T ^ - R R ^ ?R5 ^m? ^ t ^ t t c ? I ( i A ) m A R ^ ^ - m n R i ^ fimn-Aiif?
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R i R R mrcf) tm ^w^r ^^Rmr^F i aj^ wrnmi m t r ^ Rm'^Rs-m'ft? (wtn-wRR, R ? R ) i ( i 8 ) wr-m^"ff?F
':p??5R% wifift? ?MR#? (R f???f mm m? tm? RR:^ wtîfRs-m^^ (R??f^), w M - w R R , R'siR I tm? m#rR .
\tm? ?5m?#a liwl^ -fi ^stRm f r o (Rem Atn, atRl? ajti? t F ^ t ^ - m m r ? ?TOR^Tp? (g. ^ fÂf?^ 'fstTt. i i ) , fsR55T
TO 5ftc ?Rs ^gcaR ^ t ^ *t?!C^ S (i) WM-t<lMI^ f?tf<HjMcii tm R?,?f^ wtcA I mwraf^n-m^simtn-tn^
WR tmR^-Rmm ( W T R - W I R R , ^ f w r R^f?^ l ^ m ^ wtn-wRift, mfmf^-ig t A t ? ^ t ?*fm siftsicA, ( R t R ^tc
R ? t R r - R ' ^ ; ?i?Ai<A (^mRm^s R^smfeT-R"?5m) i ât Brockelmann f f ? Supplement-i^l tm ^f^SlCAF,
^nR:^ wt^?T?i7 mn^-? ?R5 ?RRf ?efm ?#?tc5ri ('g. w m t i ^ tm R W F f ^ ? A'b Ate Vb frng f ? ^ I ( i f f )
m?Rtt? ftm, tj- i^-'Ja) i wm-m'wRt^ lamn-ti'mR (f?mm^), iît atc^ mff^ mtfnR?
l A N i H m#t, Rm^-R?^-iii?
'^^m?'-ig 'mtf?' m n At?ic^ i ( A ) liwl^ wglnR wr?mT? A R ^ f ^ mtmr^ i ^ mffnfr?
WM-Wl?Atl WiRr-WtARtf (WM-WRR Ra?R, Wlwsl^'fR, ^JsO; m^ ^Ft^t ?5R'a m m n - f ? wtn-fiRRrn? R ? ? f ^ WTCA i i^t
A Wi), 'iRTm^'-iii mi m n o - ^ i R ^ i () m^fnff m*fr?5 ^ i m w I R W 'WT^, mwrnr^n- m^Ritn- t n ^
win-mt?m^ ?Fr-wiRm? ( W M - W R R , R S ? R , wt^--mi? bct, wtn-mRTf mfit?5 (;t., ffô-ffio)-iii m^
m% sR^H
Wi v?; m?ft#? w^RRr S R R R R mR-sit<MlR?jl) i (8) ^f?trf^ I C R t n A t r ^ Brockelmann 'StAt?
^5rtR-tmi R - m R i t f t n - w R R (wm-wimw, R ? R ) i (a) Supplement (ot., iA^)-iil tm? wgfnR <I'I??ICA'H i
mfR-WRRTsP a?H-'S[?flR ( R f J R R ) [(1n-mRR, R'SRR, f t s f f t ^ t m # ? ' ^ m # l f ^ Dublin (Ireland), i^l Sir
Brockelmann, m?Rg, it., h<t\r, P. Kraus ^C ? R o ] , Chester-Beattle ar^mc? ?R W K f i (i'b) Wtn-f?fRT?r$
'5pmm?'-ig %RR RR w H - ^ w R wtRr-wTARtf; tm? m^ mR-f^?Rr (wM-wRR, fRs?R' i wr-\si<> 31?, ojs, mtF '^) i
m^RR 'wFT-î^^ R n w R T f l ? '3mn-i?RR' m n aft^jRw (i<^) xFRtmm-t ^ mm? ( i s ? f w ) , m^ mi?[n-AiRR
t^tfm? 'ff?mm-t miw#'-c ? f w f i n , m^gRf'tf? mtfift tm? ?5f?m, ^m^T m ^ ^ i^(Âif*R> m ^m^f^ ?j[>s=?
(RtR "î: ?tm ?fR 1 tm? i^wl^ ? ^ '^^mfRf-t WTARfi R R I RPrnf RHt? m'srR'sm afti t R ^ t l l F R W mm
\sR^ mm'-? (TO ft?Rr JV) R^?fw mrcf i (b) wtn-t?m^ SmRmigR^ m % ?5f?m?ict ^ R R HI>I^?C SI? >oo, >tyit'i;? mi W9{ f%f S m R t m ^ f n f ^ ^f??iR(?R i ^
A) I (<i) t i R w i ^ R - m ^ ? ( w t n - w R R , R'sm^) i ( v ) mtn- (Rt?:?R im?5R fSfliaiR^ S m R t m ^ f n ? R??sn^ atf
wrm^RmmR f?R-timi ( W M - W R R , R^SRR), tm? ^ ^ m c A (5. mtn-m?#, m % i ^ - ^ , mm. wtmn mm^,
m#[R ?rf^ mm? R^SJCA (ia^'o) fmtRR mrcf, t3Rs i ^ c ff8,ffff,n't), i A ; tAt? Wt?ft Wgmw fsTO ^tc At?lCA,
Av I lilt R%2tAf^ mc? (Rm wtcA ftsflf <fA<f (''f. iioo) I tj.ffot . ; wtftm^-t f^RR, ^m?^, mm. m f ^ ^ ^smnR % r f t
R?,?5c(^ iR?2l^n5op mM-m?'|n-'Ftf^'n w R - m ^ wr^rniR-iSFsr 'smnR #t5f# At'o?im, C A ? R iAJ R., % iffo-iiff,
i f t 1 ^ ^^Rmc^ I (s>) win-t*t>tiA ^snH-'îA (wm-wRR, W t m ^ - A R ? 'S?Tt-mwT*WT (WRSR mR^-^"m?5T m ? ^ M - ?
tmiftRjicm?
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ilff Wf=^-?1TO WW?^ ( ? )
tt#rf5t) ^ttlM, m^ "TOfW ^ WPf5?' W W .RS, R#?lR ^Sfl^-l^-pItR ' ^ r r ^ ( ^ ^ 1 ) S C4? (?:lt)-.a?
'R'STOI WTO ^<rg? "Q?tl-TO W T O T O ' WW (Wc? ^ w atwfi^, I t f t f wft ??.W? W W I 1t? SOi/iOOi TO C5tt3lR ?R?
? o o - ? 8 o ) I t w ? t W # w;WW The Persian ? ? w ? t i ? twst Wf; w t w '5îiH-.a? ^ w f f w t f t wr 11t?
Rivayats of Hormuz yer faramraz, (WW i<o?, }. t l w ? ?R^ w f t t w tk=t? ârfwtft I m i T O W t w ? ?>ciffttw
(tbd-dbb; fv?f?' W W t ? W W Wt?Prm Notices de fffstwft ^ttro le?! R O T O t ^ ? f w i TO ?? i wT?,tj
Literature Parsie W W (3FWf?4 .xfflrsRWf, (R^ RSlt TOf t??5tft ^ w tTO w f ^ S ^ i t t 'S l^pp t w 'stW ?twitW I tTO
< ^ atWPt ?t?lC6i, iJol J. (2-? I ( i v ) W R - f f W f ^ - ?lWf?>tT (RW Wftf wft ?si?^ t W i * ^gR 'Q ?tWJ-fTO t?Rt^
wîPilii=i-W5wt (t?,?fw), .at a r # ? ^ t '^wtftRs fisg t?fR (Rt?t?ti:5, cit^ ^ T O tw? f5?i
ti^ 4l??iic6f cww I
CWWs wt; W (?fp I ^ W W W?!Wf? TOlt?-t 'gf^rt, 1t? i o o o ^. 'sj^tTO? ^tc t ^ M t J R Wt^ ? ^ I t%f
w w w - t wfftww-t wiwfwm ( 8 < 4^, o ? t?,wi, 'stwrn, .at t ^ ^sri^ww t?TO wc? t? 1 ^ ^pTO witw-? R^s^tf
(^--js), w w w ?w t t w c 5 , anrt^ >^?5R 9n^f5(f9t t^tfw? ?TfW ^ t W W (Rio Salado) W CWb%tWW Wttif WT ?TW?
f ^ W W - t W f W W WW#-C sTW
f WC^ I W R - ^ f ^ - W t '^^tro? t w c ^ i t f t f ?iw??jR fWtTO fb??tw? W W
f?WRwf f^-WWft"Rf-W^,Wt?lTt (W^-WWW, R T O , CR? JStW TO ( i o 8 o ^.) 1 W?TO .aWW? tt^ W? .il^TO I T O
W 5 - W ? s f ? , ^J. o v , ^ 8 ) ; ( ? o ) t 4 W < p R s f - l t f W ( t l ? ! w s ) ; fsw<?tlw w w w : t ? w a r o t f R w ? R t ^w? i c ? w ft?
t?t- (Wt W # t f t WW W W W W W F f ? tt?, t?,W1 iS.oo-C ttR5lTO TOWt? ?5W^, W?f?t R T O ? 'StW ^ t ^ ffR^t ?5W^
^ t 4 W ?twr^, t r o W W t w s w^-wftft -Jstw?, g. .a?^ t? ?,w t ? w i w r w tt5t w?f^-'8Ww (?tf, ? t ? t r )
f w w w wwTtf, WWtR ^ 4 f w t , w w w - t wtfwtww-t ?1W?SW? ?1W?tf Wt^T 4W5t I t?fW tRlWW titW? W 1 ^
W W f ? W 5 , 8 < <R, o ? tlWt, Wwni (^-.Js; ( ? i ) R w ? f t f R R f W W ? RtWW?? t w 5 ^tC 1t? '5ft?R? w f W .
' t = i l v i ' s - w t i ^ I t?t TOt ( R t anRi^ fW? ^jm., WW ?5W^ I tRt?RR t W W i R ^ R w R tl3! w ? ^ Rtww?? tw= Rt?
W f ?'1?JH w s - W ' s f f f .a?sw^ f f t w?!:^? tw?iwwfilt? ?tW tt?WW^ ^ W ? , tWg R t l t W t?W? WT^? w t ff%
?f5 ?fwn ?'Rt <>Q?JH^'f I RS? t?t ( R t 1WTW^-%T' ?q?W-'8?TC?? tljI^cU W ? W ? Rf%tR C ? f ^ Wftf? t w 5
^ t W ' W - f^fpT - W ? s f W?t t w "^-^ ?s?t iit^Hfei; CW5f?WW R?t1W wt ( i 8 b - ^.) t ^ TO tt? t^Rtit
( ? ? ) tWT?tfW-ft^, tw t?t Wtlft??tS W R t ' ^ ^ l t f W ' S t ^
t R w w ?5w? I tttw:*ij WTO ?tf? ??3 ^twn TO 1^
( ? o ) W f f f f R " W ^ ' f >s?r-WRl^^ l i f t (W-WTO
WRR?t^-.a TO?t ^tk RW5I ?? .a?;,R fs! W f tTO-.a? '
'Wwm- www, W?nf?Rt; f W W W l tR?tt5(5t-ft'4Rt,
WtT ^?tWT ^S?5WW? Cbtt 4 W ? ; W S t ? S(2-Viff?
W-T?5%5 fij W 8 i ^ t t - W f %?, o-Js; a, b) I WW .at
W W R R ffT??t ?5w? I W f t r o î?ic<5 C5W (ww)-c
f w w 5 t ^ t ^ W i f4t? W f l f t wt? TO t R t ^ >SW
fWRtRfti=( ^tWt?tW^ t ? ? W ( R t af^, ? t W WR'WW
tWf?^?5C??l
R?sn:? wc^ I ?tw R3t t?t WR-wfift? ?f5 af^tft S ( i ) t f t t t R f f , His. des Berberes, t W t . de
Slane ?t., oso-8?.35; W[. 8 t . , ? i i - S . ? ; (?) t f f ^ - W ? T O ,
?? TO ^ . fwt?t w ? w f ^Rt^t 9m, w w w - t wRt?nw-t
W'SRng^-t^tf-t, t W t . -a W,- Bouah G. Marcais,
wwit??it, 8 t . , t?,wr o 1
5 f ^ R # t ( i ) W f , f'WtfR-^WW, i t . , O'bo, .35i; (?) ? o - ? ? , S(?-SS.; ( o ) t f ? W ? f f , f f T O , t W t .
Levi-Provencal, Hesp, is.?(? % , % i - V i ; ( 8 ) H.
E.
t4lf?-?pit 'WW5t-W?t1%T8t?, 1. (?8S-(?8V (?5tRfW-^ff; Terasse, Hist du Marco, ? t . , (?i-.j5?; ((!) G.

irtwtirfR-WWWt^-tRtlst-WWft, WtfspW; W R - W ? ? 1 ^ ,
marcais, Les Arabes en Barberle du Xi Eau XFVE
Brockelmann ^tc ? t ^ ) ; ( ) W R - t f f W ^ - W t R W , %
siecle passim; (b)' H. Basket E Levi-provencal,
08S-08V ( ? t t ^ 'W?^-?t?W5TW5T-?tWtf); ( 8 ) 'W?f5r-'wf?
CheUa Hesp ^tc ^'WWt, iS>?? 1
? W o t f t f l R W ' S R t ? ? , W5pftW^-WtWt4 W 'SW W R i f w W ,
Rt? iS.8.j51-'^; ( ( ? ) R t ^ W f t f , f ? f W , 1. ioS., i 8 V ; (.35) G. Marcais (E. 1.2)/W?W ^t?ff? ??TO
Brockelmann, i t . , ? i o Supplement, i t . , 8 8 , ^sn^-^-m ^srt^ (^j^:, %

M b - , o t . , i?oS.; ( 1 ) t f ? fwWl.sW??, .Jst., ? S l ; (b-) WtwW, sltn 'WtRW f ? , W W , TOW, ttt?Rw, t t w f
W51-W?stt?W, t W t . "?1TO W t - f R f t , ibct, ? o ? ^.1 fwtf?w m wswtf?5 tjtttw^ t t w f ? T t ^ 1 ^ t i w w w
^srww W?snf (W.W.t.)/ .a. 4^. .ai. i R f f ? ? 5 T O ^ t tt? "wf 1l?t' WWfijttWi
t t w f t^^cw?
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W L ^ - A T I B 'WT# m^^ (? )
R R 'b '5AT??Ii, i A R / iff f w m , is>iv5 m m f^j^ iit mm? i ? t t ? S ^ n i m R ^ 1 Rrs 'mtmm m^F?"^
ioTt^?iT?] c?c?# CSFII w ? ? wjc? m ^ 'ik? m?f?; (?)-? ^ ^ s
mtmra mA'wimî^ (^ml^ mti m ^ ) Rtji^ m ^ 'mfim mf?R 'wt?^-'AiRi t?F w ? ^ ^ t ? ^ ' w t ? ^ - ' w T #
îFptAt w=r I m'<3?T m ? ^ i , VST^JI <3 rniRm^ IFR^RAPi t?^'wi#^T3rt^t?^*it<'?i?mAt^'5AT3rt^mAt?F^T3rt^
>s % fRmra? R?TB#S i^Rm I f^tm? ??t*fim m^'t?^'mt?g?-?tA^ t ^ Rtim'^wiA t?^'SAim^ t'f'At^" t ? ^
mRjijHi (m) ^ W 5 "wt^ (m) *tw C % A I m ^ R ? R " S A N R ^ ' m l W I I t?=T ?STFT M I A ' I R t ? ^ ^ iTA'fi. t ? ^ M F
R^mi^ m%TT I tm mRT^jm Aim?? (mym ^ A 'ill|S'51( t?F m t % I $'vs Â'L'WL'i m^ t?F R'lh-SFI^'l t?F
^m^ R s m t t r w ?smim m f m ^ A'^HTR m?l^-t?=T W t A I R t?=T 'WT^ t?=T R " ? T S [ ^ t ? ^ >^'l^^?'^?LF
(m)-'ii? ^ mt1%'m^'i-^tmtr?5 R ^ -^m "ot fRm? ^si??^ t ^ w t A i R t ? ^ mfft !T=<>'i'?LF t ^ 'mft? R r s n ^ ^ t ? ^
misf A i m f lii??, R"m?^ R ^ > s tRftR m w I f?mi m?itn-timi ' M F ? ^"s-f^Rf -GAIM^ wtn-MMF t?F ? t % F F ^
tfRf - 5 ^ ^ 'STH-m?'^- mRmt (?) Rm^ ^st ff?mr??t ' m A i R ' t?F ^ t?=T t ? ^ Aim^T t?=T 'mRn-Aim^ "wt^
t ^ 'MF ^ I M I I t?=^ mtRti t?F ' M F ÂWIÎ '*II?R?IIA
lilt ff?mr??t ^#SJT f?f^ m?sim mw?^^ Rstm t?F Ai*iH wm-mt'>s?t? 'mn-isff"s?ttf FI<fi? min-^^ t ? ^ ^fstfi
mm R R R M ^ mnt^ t w s f m i f t ? ^'a"!^ ^ T S T R m f t ^ m t f '5A'Wft 'wt?^ptA mtn-WI*tm? t?F ^ I M W i i R ^
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t i m f Rjicm?
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W<pf-?1tH " W f TOft ( ? ) ILL Wf1-?TtR "Wf TO?f ( ? )
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WT<pr-AT1R rni^" mift (?)
(nym -^cfifPramR ^nlRm t^fims Rmm ms mRiR w t A ' i R mfR" 2t?tft ^ t m % t i A n R r * i ? mti?? l A m
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t i m f ? "s^-'i^ ô?f^?i^ '2?^?3mjrA wtifa's c i ^ m R ftmr? RtF(A'^ff-n- -îfnf^ 'Rtf?^ sff^re i cm^ â^s^sf??
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^ f f ^ m f ^ l%f^ lilt m^T'sm? f^Ri 'SRitA ?tf5i?tflc=R i A??'o mântm m?>tf?m, a??^ s â ?si mi îmtm^t?
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l A m f t Rmr? 'tm? wm? m f s ^ f?mt?m mm f?tinmr? t ^ r ^ wg?ir'i? ?>fs! 'binrrA 11 t r a im^ 'tAi? wf5t#?f"^n^
Art I 'spost? is>ff8 mm 'wtfftm ^stmsm^m^ft? t=#^rm? t ? af? ?st?â?TCF frnTtrf?'sf^^'5if%m^'s?^ A'sm? t r t 1
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t i m f 1?tr?st?
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W f ^ - ^ i T O ' w f mf\ (?)
s i w t ? , wtft'w t t w R w i f w fW3?mm iistPiCT ^ w u , fcv? .at t i ? fR f t f ^ ' i i t t H M 5 T ' C ? T T : ^ t w t R f t w w

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Contents
Wpr-?ltR 'wf wwft (?)

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wtin-AWwt#mR^(^)
liRl^m iftim? W!Jff t f R . % W (Rt-Rwrt? vstm? m f -ff?^ ^ T ? ^ ^ m \s m n m m m m f i n

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Wffr-?-m -mt\ (?)

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Contents
Wf^-?TTOW[-?tff
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?T?n, f W T R ? , W l f . R t t i t ?ooo 5TC#t, R l t l t 0*59; ( S ) i ? t . , io8-(?; ( o ) W f - T f ? T ? W ^ - ^ f T f t 1 T ? T t f ? - W ? ' R # i T ,
f?PTO t H i H fRt. W I M R i t W R WfR W T O w f TOlt, w w w iJ6(Kf VS.-S.0; ( 8 ) f ? T ? f , T?T?sW, i 8 S ; (d)
t W R TOtTOHR, TOT ?oo? 'Sj. i i Rs;.; (b-) IT'STOT Wwf], t f T O , W?1RT J6'S'bS>-l8/iJ6(fo-(f, ? t . , o i o - i l ; (b)
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W?,IIC.TI, ? O O O I Wfs', ^ T O t , i ? t . , ( f - i ? ; (Js) ^ f , f f W , 008; ( i o ) .ai.

W f R t ^ f^NW'Si? w f W ^ T - W t f f , W W l R T f R - f W , W t T O iO=l8/iJ6(Kf, i ? o ; ( i i )
f R W f . D M , 8 t . , ?(?o-i; ( i ? ) f ? f w f , WRtST, (ft., SJi I
Ch. P e l l a t (E.I.2)/^W^Wf W t ? ?
Jl ^1)
W t ^ - ^ ' T i T H ^ - R T f t {^_^ I: ^ l ^1) 8 W ? - T O
"wf t f f R - ^ n r o wn-'sptTO, "wf t f f ^ - ? i T O I W 5 i - f f W 4 tf? " w f , 4 f ? .3 W f ? f W 4 ; T J W t?lt4? w R w^-?T^-.a?
?1W WTOt i R f & S , 4 f T O >i|4BR W?lf?#, W R - R W I ^ (g,)-?
^5ff??Tf ( ? T ^ ' ' , it., 8VV); f ^ W-4Tfw?-.a? ?TWRW?
fww, i T T O R R wsfft Rw Rw? I ^wotw? w;? Rf? ( ? T W ^ W R Obri-8??/S>S.?-ioOi W ^ ) mm RWW f I t W I
t t f W W R - W f ? WR-W^gt?? f > f ^ - R f 5 ?t?f|WH I # ? ? -
tfw ?TO ^ ob-i/k>s>? W W ? t ? tfw w^-?nfw? WSWft
^f?^ ^s^TTtTjr? tRft?^ ^M^, WR-W?R1? f l i R ?
tw?? ?st??, t ? W ^ - ? T f t ^5TTO ^ f t W <FW5 f I t W
'nf?n w?if?-?r%R? ? ^ W R ? RWW i ww^ ^TOW?

Wwt W^WTfw? W T O f W t S t Wa? tw? ?st?? I 4 W tfw
ef?^ Wat?" WW? fR ?t?t WwaftWiR? W W TOR?
tw wf? ' S t T O t w t w ft? W ? R ^t? WTO f'8?TW W4
Ritw? W^-f?sW^-? w i TO ^5lf?t?W9Rw ^lf^
f W T t 'S C t T t ? W f?Wtt? WTtWfW? ' S f ' t t ?>t?? I ft? f ' W t ? f
tlf?W? I ^fWW ? W w t W??tTO?W w i TO 4f?W wftw?, i w w * f ?'Hi^ f ^ ' ? - W T a ? wwf! f I t w T I W5i-?ift tRfw
w ^ - w ? T O W T O f w w ^m ? i t w ? , w t w ' s f?'fwR? w g f ? W ? 's ? " f ^ - . a ? t i w t t ? ? T O fT'^tR R W ? ^ R w f l t w 1
C?W? TOt ?sRW ^^StOT? Rtl^f t w ^fRWR iil?l 1TO fw5
w R t w WTO t f ? m^, - ^ ^ f ^ t t ^ W , tisRt?
?Tt?5?tt ^fJltR? W?r? I WR-f?sWt ?R f ^ (Wtt
? b T O f w R ? W?T TOT ft? îTW? f ^ WtRPp t f ? W T O
Wgs]^ R1??tTO?W f ^ WW W i 1 < ^ ^ t ? ^WW WRsW

t?<iipfttt? wf?-.a? ^ w w * t ? i t t trtR âtw? ?>t?? 1
?5|?W? (Rt f t t ? (WR f?Wt ?Jl4?tf?W, ?W S f?vS?n?ft ^T?t
c?t?5 ff? f I t w T ftro,
w s r s W R ? ^srfwrff,
f WTO
W R - W W t R (%? g . ) ^^tro t'll'^f^'* 1 ^ f R w ? I ^f5?is; fR
SIWTW t l ? w f , f ? W R R l t T 4 W ^ tt?R TO?5, ?tW ft? WsT^
Wl-WWft?W "SITO f?Wf? "^WRt?^ twWCt? ^RltlR ?sw? ia?l
t T ? f ^ l W W ?'1W ? s f ? t t T t ? t ? .a?l t l f o ^ t W t ? 5 T?R
|RTIW W5T-W?TO i& t w ^J^lfl'telM f?f?? ?? I .ut RWC4 ^f?3t
T f ? ^-.at W W ? t t ft?, f?tt? f ' 8 ? T ? % T t t ? l T t ? t W
wftw ^ t wt^, wtw? W8?iisf ^5if?nf sitiTO w i sRtW?

^?^5tR? t f t fWTW W ? t WC?R I ft? W R - W f ^ 5 ? - ? T R ' W
t ? t R ? f ? f ^ f%W4 (Rt w i fwW? ( R t R4^ (g.)-.a? t f ? ws?ww w f ^ f I t R ? mi f % R W R R .
W t T O t a i W 4f?t? I W R - W ? - W t ? ? ^ W 5 I ^ C ^ ? x 3 T O 8o<f/WTf-CW., i o i ( ? W W ^ ^ t 1 W W T O ^ f t ?
l?lt .a?sf5 5j? .3 .a^w? WTR 'Q mm wtf ^t?R cwsw ??
C W ? M t ^ e t f ^ ?!t??; .a?5tTW W R - W f t ^ - l ? W W l ( g . )
s(ffw? ff? t w t w t i i f%w? ^tBftR W 5 i - f ? s w t - ? \ttw? sttw m^ CW4WW ?bw ?st?? I ?R ftw?
?ntt? I W5I-f?5tT^ stf11ttt w ? - ? i % w ? ^tf^Rt TTO W W - ? 5 W R f ? TOW ^ f W T T j W W W W T O t W t ? ? W mi
R?Twit?s f w s n w T O 4R75? I .atww W R - W ? ' T O f ? ^ ^ ?fv5CT .a?5w? w f (Wft%w?) ftww ft? w t w ^ r o w
WSf? W W I ?sfr WC5, 80,000 W'QWftW ( j J l j . ^ ? T ? ? t t W ?5f??ntltWT I W R R ? t ? ? W aif ? R 3 T % t f 1 4 ? T ?? I
R < R:tfW fR) ?sl^?.R 'S ^ w f w ^tl?R ? 5 ^ t t 5 T I f 4 f R>vsifi-4itwf, f ^ W f ^ - ' w f f t % W f 5 T - ? ? t f W W .at ar^
t t w f ff'SltW?
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Contents
Wf|n-A"PtH Win-'siWisf iV8
tRf? R W W R R ? I <)\ollW 'srsat^, f % f RfR>\sNIC<)t iiltRl wtt^ mRpT iR!iw? 1 ^ ^5im? Rm f ? m mR]R ^ T S I R
I
!?5mi m ? m )>Rt\s'S Rm? i R s cmrntos

1 w ? ^ i w ? ra ms
8 ( i ) ^ A ^ , tmot, ioo; (A) " m ^ , Rt>3?m, ?i? ?mR? n ? R n m t>i*pkiw wttsR liR^ \sm? ^stm?
mem iS)ViS>HA, 8 t . , Aff^, fft., AA8, AAff, %^., A8; ( ) Rw "s?^ A ? I tm? RT ? S R ? f? ^mm? Rm? A? I
tTo^ m t R t f , volftt mtmiT, St., A o , iSt., OAV; ( 8 ) Rpjys ^t^t R R Rcstw ^ ww!R? tet Rl4 R R R ^ '^Rr i ^
t ? R n - w t f , sprm^m, %^:, Aô; (ff) T W ^ , ?nft, '^t., ?5!:?^ ^ t RR mRsi >3 ^ ? m : ^ cwm ^tim? mR<iR<i I^Raf
1
A i - 8 : (^) t m r f - w t t r a , Sit., i'^ff; (,a) TTTf ^ , ^ m r n , vst., m ^ ITBVSF R!?R SftjT tsRlf^
I -^SLLTF<fe f?m ig
AffS-'ô (fgR-iii? c f ? w ' n i : ^ 2tw f???em),; (v) ?Tft'^-%T m ^ (^.iovVi^'î) ^^rm? '3?^t^m:t?
f f s t f i D M , St., Aff; 0>) R R 4 ^ , w r m m , st., ivbff; (io) R ? R , ?!R R s t R R (^.iAAff/ib-io) R ? R Rm, i ^ i m ^
^ " A i m , fsrttl^R, it., ois I 'mm? Rm m^s?-m? ? 5 f ? m n ?5Rm ?Mt ^RC^SF i Rnm
m r m f tRmr (E.I.2 Suppl.) g^t^ t m ^ - f ^ W r t ' T R R mwimi: ?R?1R ? 5 ?5t?JT >iRl T[RR?
R*i?iijc<,^, Rrt?^ wRRm? atR ^trm? ^ A? i ^ît
^5rt^--î7rR ^ - s f T ' t - I M t ( ^ ^ 1 ^1)8
m^ i m R RR Rn'sm m n "mm ?bm ? 5 ?se?^; *R?^ffc
i c w i "MJM l A W f f , s'jf/ioi -"TsifR ^ >3
t m t ^5tm? m%us .tRet^, A? ifi?^. lilt m n t R R m-m?t^
i t R % R 5 1 ^#1^ ^s,<lR 'srsiis I t%R Ttw^-m^nt, W H - U R R
m?R Rc5R R n m ^trm? wnsi^R^S^n?? ?^mr m
1 t?
m ^ '8i<]iiiiw? ttrom ^stft?! ^ ^ ^ 5 ^ ivra ^^tc 'FHt
ti^n^R-iii? Rt^'tc'R ?5rm?'s m n ? ^ t w ^ mt i u
I'sm ^m?mr^,'simiR? ? ' f m s R c t RR % t si>ii^wR -^RT
w m - t w t A t f - ? mwvs nt w ^ I t m R^ % R t RpTC?,
mm I RR m f m s t r ? wm mRt ^ ?5!:gi? Rjgfs R ^
wm-isfimn spspT-*(îR?i?( m t tjcF <ii<ji>i w ^ i
m^ pRt^ tTC?R (le comte Arthur de Goblneau, ^tim?
lilt R w i t ^ tRgrsfc^s? i^sn ^sRst ifit^^ 1?Rm ?%trf,
Les relglons et philosophies dans I Asie
CTt-sRt m m ^ t n c ^ m ^ >5?i cinRK'î m ^ i i f i w i R
Centrale atr? ^ R t , I J T R R i S A V , Vff WS^W
13! >3 an:?? *)i i?,3!Jm, l^tms sf%^ ^ - s p r j n -
fm? Rp?r-mmtn wm I^RSI? ^ 1 % m y i ' w m ^ - m f i - i i r a R R
mrip-Aim^ w R R m f Smt ^RSICAF ?tm? RI'^^CH? m;?! RR^
gAimÂIRR f m f > 3 f ? m ^ r m \ A T R R # ; i ? ^ ^
R b R m ?Rim mR .AS, cst^Rir^ t ^ s m ? ^ ? b m t t % ^ i ' r a m
mr^n-ATRR "3 R n m i f i ^ ? T R ) I i^'^s/ivff'^ m m Rt%
m t r iîRR s-mRte,-m%T m f t ^ ^fom^
cA?tw w t t s R m^ mi m?^-Rt^ m^mmc ?imR ^^Rc
^ m R%#f w r c f I lii^sw'Si^ i s m s i^^sHi^f <) ar?i?^ 'sim?
mr?R, m t t t n îm? 'SRT ^tl^ ^ ??iiiT ^ A?i
m m n etiem m ^ w i ^ t m^'^s îim? m=m; ^ t
? # m r ^ , R R m n m w ? R t j r s ^m?? ? s R m mtî%?stft (mf)
^<Wii W?Rft-5llt ? S ? R R R li^tllRt <>l?!t?l R?lf|WH 1 RR
R!?H; R R m m i T w \5Tm? m ^ , ni ^ R S I C A F I ^mR 'tm?
mttTiR ir^^ g?wCT? m R #?=T wRmR m?m, ?Rs ^Rt
m ^ " ^ t R m r n m r R t f 5%pR-ft"mm-ifi? IM ^5im? ? A R i t ^
Rm^-tFRmimR-'s[5r# "WR Mi'itPfi-i'^Ri<fll t ? m i f
w f a t f ? f R ? R , mmm srrat ^tmw m m ^ 9fcs^, R | RR
mR'mt^fn-tFRiiRn-'gtsRi! R R t t R R * R - i f l ^ R ? n ^ R ^ n ^
msRj s r t R m s R R RcsR cm^r w ^ ^ t ^ % ?^m?#?
?>mR, mî?im ^ t <t>Rc^H i R-îic?? R??, i^R^jt^ fpRmta?
2fR ^sim? tl? m : ^ Rnm f ? m m ^ m^-m 's<3
stifRsi i m r m ^ R i ^ a f i , - R m i p [ - m % ^mîf^-'^mRRA ' W R
m ^sFRTjpr rRt-? i w R ? R 19?^ 'sftmT[(T f ^ f?m? jrA'
gRTtPR-'imm^f-? ?[5Rmi
w ^ ' o R^n? 2?k^ cmmiR ^ R C ^ F ?Ra[t mtt m-sm m? ( H .
8 ( i ) m'wtRrf, mîtm, st., vi; ( A ) m^', ^ m m ,
Algar, Mirza Malkum Khan; a stuay in the
i ' ^ t . , iA'H-oA; (o) R . Blachere, About-Tayylb
history of Iranian modernism, ?1<Fm >3 n R i^Rl^RI
al-MotanabLtitRi isff, AA'^, A'ô-S; ( 8 )
isio,'<j..8s-ffo) I cA?nR?mRR R R % T R *ii?i??i?<siiw
DM.St., A^S;
lij^m? m3[ R?,R<3 RJF? ?>BR I RR mwoim? mRi'?P7-%t t R <3
^l^t attWRSt E.G. Browne-(3s Rf&f 'mRmi? i R mjim
mmiiRt tR?T {E.I.2 Suppl.) "sm^sR t m ^ - f ^
WRttmRm^, (Browne, A year amongst the
Persians, C^lRsf i&A'l., % iÂ) i ^5im? ^tm^ R R T ? C ' ^
iRmRTf m^^R^, ?sf? >3 R^RRRmf i R R iAv/ivA mm i r m R?R-Ri'm^m^ m'^m w i ^ tt^ (^.iA8/iJA^) ts.
-S^f?!!? mwj? W t ^ m f R R t A i R 'SRjstAt 'W=T; WRRm^ 35tC
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WffI?ItH?tttlt Wfî WTO ?c*nft
WTO T?1tfW- W I 4 l t 4 , t1t., ^nro WW? W 5 ? ^ , C5TO R 5 wfjRo w g .iww?i ^fwiw 'ipiw wsfwf R w w ?
iOOViSiôl T., (2-oS), WITO ?lPm ^ R f f t C^. i00ViS)i8) .aW?st? WvSltW W3$? m%. t t W l sfTO WWl^l
(5. ^TWiT f l ? l W - f ? , W W f t f l - t l w H # l<lfetvi1-'^WW ^ 5 t t i ? R w W T O w f R1W3 e,ww % s w i ? w ? w;w t ? t R 4
TOI-:^WW, Wwrsp iob-8/i>!)^8, ot., ?Si) wtww ^'WTR ?win ?T?wf .iRi t t w w ? ?i??3 W W 1 1TO 'stTO
W*ff?lt (g. i ^ r r o ^WtW? ^1W1?t^-? Shlite Islam-'a? etwi w r t w R g f w ? %f? C4W? ^rfw f f wRgîfw?
^sifTO R?????:^ S.H. N a s r - i a ? ?pt?^, W W ^ ,
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WW R ? c ? ^ ?lf^K? tflRcfc?? R?s5 w ^ rot ?? I i?wif M I RSI? ^ptîwwR? w:w f r o t a j w t w f Rcw
W W f ? W W?"TOTO?pn?=W-WW % W ? ? 1 T O f ? W wg^w^cw R f wRft?w RwwwtR? ?Rw, R w t w ?# 1
wfTOW-ww "km ?s?r?? ^t? m^ ^ wt? R f t 4 w ? I .ftt?itWW ?lf f ? 5ffw WtWCWf? R W W t R w www w f
W f l " W f W ? R R ? t w 'Fwf Wo4 (Rstf) m ujRd^llBf ?i Rwt, t??tfl Rwt, attit t^.R. C5W?wt? CTOHTJ^ Rat?
W W f wfe? tit?4'-?;w ?f?t ^R^JH^'i I î?R:4 tTO RWCt1?tW R ^ ! W ctl?lw Rstt ?R?t WW?? ? # o I
t w t f ? ?jR W W w^-^Tff t w f Rw? t*t?t?5 (5.) i r o t f TO'^ W f 5 W f W W W W f R W T O ? W l f ? R w W T O
c w f ? w f w f (l?itfw-?'iwit4;, <j. 401 tTO Rcw wtR w f R ? t w ? R ? ^ f^ ?RTt % I wwotPF ^ w t ? R w ?
t c ^ R R (Wt? (RtR4 ? ^ ?lftw TO ?lt; tw? 'J^^tct? 0Sij4, Wfpl WW? R c w R f ? i^^WCTOI?^tlt??RcwI?5f?tl'l
^5if#s W4WT? 1? iH? twc w f ? ? ^ ^ ^ttro w:.f^ Cfli ?RTt Wtgt^TO t?TO ?? WsW-WTO t t T O afTO t?.tk??
' f ^ , .iiw R w??' ( W W f * t - f ' w atri. f ? - R f R - w f ? : 4 ^ wui tww afBTw f f wR^'fw?'fsgt fai f f
W?l#?%^W?tsmt>'??i iSDb-o/iiô, .Jst., î-Js); ??!nw? tR I W ? ^ ? R n ?Ri?, c?TOl?TO ?? W w g : ? i t ^
w t R ^ t r o i R ? w t f ? f w f p t W w t ? ?Hi)f? W W WT31 t w w RWtW? R?C?? t R i R?RT{ www C-f^
fw^w ? ^ ^srfws? f t R <>Rm^ I tww? sn:?! f t ^ RsiW? w f ? t R s I CWJife ?RJ1? ^ W W W WR?? ??TO
wwn? w?î-RTOiR^-wfRTO wR?t?-f9 s^wt^, cssro f < R R ? t % R 3 m^ wtw' R t R w ? t f ? R w ? mi Wi^WW
ioio/ib-Sxi-1 '^tro f ?t?fB. stWR ?t?IC^ ?1RW êt cRtf w ? w R ? ^ wRtr^ I 4 R t t ?wit? t?5 f W ^
WCl I . RStWWf? WTOW ?twwf Rj|RwjtTC?? W ? f RlCt? CR?t?Wt?
sf^*rft i ^ WWT %RR ^ ?5W?f? îRR^; g. ( i ) RtlWWtR^ ttWR? t??WWTOt?^!?^ W??tW? I
'W??tt t f ? f ^ T T O RWI f "f, W R w t ^ W ? - T O , WWt?5 Rcw? w ^ - I t T O ?cwf R?K w W5 R^ m^ -^tc??
io8>!)/iS)Oo,'j. i i ; (?) f ? w \<mvi ^5nf ^pt?Rt, ? m i ? i ^ t?t R?at?r5l ^ttW? Rw? W?JtR4 c w t (Spritual Guide)
W T O , W ? f ? , W . R , it., ?i>!)-?o; (o) f?"R? W ^ - W f ?
??? cwtffft? ;^R: ?W tc^? i tW? t ? ajtil fwlRw w w i
^?f<l R f w F ? f ? ???, W f R f 4 (?)-.a? t f w f f
??5?
'srWf't-f'W,??! iobro/iS)^, 1st., ?i8-i^; (t?tW=W?f
wR?^fW? ^1%W5 W f t W W I #IW?t ^W W f R WRtw?
'stfww w w - t wRtwTO-t w R f u o stti 5 R R ^ T O
R w w ^5ifc?t? 4l?wRw? c?? CW? f f siMiM ^ttw? sflt
W5i#?f^gw R??f ?t?ilc^); (8) W ? f W T O , W??'-t
RW?w R ?5f?w CW? I ^5tw? R w W W 3 R w f R w t w w t ^
?iR-t ^ w? ?5i???tt i ? w. i o w . i 8 - t R ^ , C5?fr?
tvWwRwff Rw? I R R tjt? '2t?w wi?w? ?ji? R w t
i08ViS)'IsV I
4 R w H t w # Rwit? RTO ^?lt t i w w w ? w .lit cw*t ^tc
H. Algar (E.I.^ Suppl.) W?f5t-WWs
RwR ?sw ts? I w t RR.'tTO ^ tpiw ?lftlf.anw?
^TPJW ilfllH ( J > " > j l ) 8 W t R t f f w R 4Rw CW? I W 8 t ? R w ? WW R R
(iO?(2--i8oo W?.W t ? ) . s 8 WW?t-RwWf 'WPftW?^ ^[?fRt ^51WW TO W t R f W ? C ? 1 ? R W W W ? w t f W R ? s R W ' CW? I
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f ? w ? , t t w f w t r m R w , w#, ^2tiftRi4, t w R ww>Q^w? W f ^ Wtt?w cW?R? w s w - ^ ^ R ? ?lRc t i w ?it i

RRS ?]R^ TO^-Wf^ WI? waww W f R ?ITO ? W t f w ^ c?tRT.ctw ?tc& c?t?>i? w R wR w, tiwttw? ctw c f w ? f
R?tt'i? CWTO '^Rttfjt WTO ?tff? W W m .^Rw?tf tit^ ttw tiR, c t t R? R ^ . w wc ? t *i1?w wtw-ti?wtw w r o
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Rw ?tTO o^w? ?t??twtw? TO W s R a t J W ^*ra? i?s? 1 ^siRgnj -^[^ ^ ?ltc? I WW f t R l tR?tC?? C5WWC??t
ttwf Racw?
t.R.V^8
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W|p?(tRTOraf
MR 4C-rR r<K;ff|: 1t?3 % t f t W f W S ( i ) TO^R
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4WSt^^^\s ajrsi ReUt t ^ R f i R w 5 -flRfll ^ < "^t^l? w 4 t ? W W T O I tw? t? fR t ^ W W l W f * l ^ WRI "WWW
R/.a. f R r o W W RwwtiSil "W^rw R w r 1 <iiro1 y w w t s R ^ W ? ? w w f (W)-.a? wt TO'srt ?? .a?? w*mRt:
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ofl^'APTK m^ Alt
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cms^Hit^^îsm^ ?RnRmeF?'5R?51
^srr^ (c:.I..\...-ÎI ^ \ ) S m m m , ^5. is.'bi, sr?t#) 8 ( i ) A Short Biography of AL-Has
w p m m i m f ? R i ! A N R mm ?5tf^,m>smm APTRm Maulana A.H. MD Abdul Hai M.N.A., Printed at
wtfSR ^mrti^j* Rcn^ 1 f?tm5?BM8 ^[?cA^,wR-mfiA, Zeenat Printing W o r k s , D a c c - 1 ; ( ^ ) 8 "JAm
tiniftf?tcm?
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Contents
Wf=f-^?R?T W^t-WW^
W W t ^ , W w f R w ? f t ? ^ R t T O "^m, ? 1 R l . , t . W . W . , "BW t R o W^-^?1?WR ttwf RC5 I fR ftww? tR ^t|?R

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t.w.w., W W i 8 i ( 8 ) i w r a tpiw? sm^ w i t w w ? 5 W W I .at RSR ^tt fR W?ft W 'tll^<l>C^Tsl
fW^fW 5tt?tR WIT?? W?S 4tR? I 1??f WW? .&tWR?5tt W W ?
W W W ? ftW W 'estRf R i w W f R - ^ I W R ? f55^?tW "S
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(W)-.iI? ^5jft?TI W CWWft ??fttl r W f R - ^ 1 ? 5 f f t ? w f l w fit?sR Rt%t Rf^lR, mfit?sR#?c? # ? ^ f5?ttf, m ams
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tt? f?W? f b W ?5C?R I WTtW ^'Q'^ f C t ? R R ^ ?fw^ f W W ? Wo?R f?WTf), WR w w w ? ^5if%w .at 'SR 2tR
f5W?t?t ^ft, (m?T?1WW? W W f t w ? '29?R (Dualism), W?R f R tW?t îf^ ?iR (WW?3 R w t W '8tt?fw t?R
. Wt?f?5??R (Manicheism) ??tTWW? (gnosticism) tW?'t?Wtfw 'Wf^ afRt^Wf W ? R t f5^?t?R R f f ) i
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a i w R s w H t w 2 } f R t ? ^ l w ? w w f (WI?R?J1) Wt%?s ^ = t?t.t?W'5. ??R??W t f ?sf?C t ^ ?? Rtt I W W ? t?3I
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tll^' t ? ? 'W?tRn-fnWf? R C W R RtRt?W?Tf ?f??tC^ I W W ? W W W e W f i T WfWR?, WR f?WfW T?tW
(Manichaeans) 4R mi W*ITtfw ? ? t T ? R (gnostic) w ^ TOt w w r r o 4f?w I w w ^ i?ttW twR ^ ^5t?t?t
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t t w f RawR
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wtin-^n?in wpf-wtiRs
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^5tm? msmg R R RiTSit mRn ?s1?m R n R ? R i wt? R?^ ( ^ w??t? I*iT?'tf w?^ )-iii? R?c? wnp-^'i?w? wf^ms Hn
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'm'wtm? >\<M^ <3 sRtRmF A^sm? ?TTtn:? c? tf?tR? ^ m?3^ w ^ mt 1' lii'OTTIC^^s Rf^t 'wi^ (m)-c?s 'SîiH
jstc tn:?, 5^*1 PI vi wtRsiw? IF?^ wjtT?!^* mRm m? i (m)-iff? ^t? w m f ? ^ mm ^ R S I C A H I 1 ^ wH-m'îR? R?
, wtftA 'mwim? mi?t?T?tm mm:^ wt<in-^'i?c=i? Rmtnm Hn, Ri?R I sR wiwiHi m Rôc? wm wH-m*^ wf<m?t n ?
wHR? wmt? <3 wRmra? ^RJSI? w f ? ^ , R f R R i w r ? <3 mmc^'i?mc? mRm tt^ntc^ 1 wHipT-A?'i?ct^ ?R^ ws
^gRw; ^mmit R R cmFsrm?mmt?-wRm??5r?^m I wtmA ^^^mRmcf 1
>i4*iw m't ?stesf? *i?<Mt c^m, R fCT'^mm?^mr^ GTT miA i ^5|TFT-^?T?n ^siAR ^5ft # ? W ?ima?
wt? R:?s m ^ mmt m^ w i ? ^nq^ 'S^m c^mB sim?R^?>c?^ I'îm? #<wm? ??>iistcF? Rc?5m? l?t%^
Resf? mmt <Mc>st? m?-mR^ ?AF4|I1, if^mR ^tm? wmt? <Mc<st? ??TF? ?A ftT^ Rtm ^kl<i R?JS loi^lo il^&c<i'w?'5R <pRc'< 1
mmn t t vstRcsii^'A tRtTC5i?<3 CT Rmm? (tît "^tn ^<3?IITT ^tmw? icm I^tf??s trr AtwF wR-^RMISFR 1 t?m"i m^
?STRTII ^ t m t m ms?PT; wt<in-A?l?tt tm i?2tti ^f?tt^ mm ' s ? m ^ ntm wR-m^sTmci? i R iAf? msRcm?
?5e?F) I ?iA <3 ffTm==r (7TA rnqRo m^c?? MSI5T m\ ^mm? A? I wHipT-î?n 'tiAi? Rtm wR-m^spmrsi? 9^ w ^ lii?? ^stm?
fs^tc?? ^sfm mfl I wtin-^Tgn "5'^lRti R3t?l?t? ^f? m t t ^ mrnmtsm ^pf?m <t>c?4ll3 îR?n ajt^R ?sc?^ 1 wi^-^"ram?
(ACCIDENTS) <3 t?m<3[ (ATOM mm ^^tm? ^<3m)-m maiOT? icm mA'm t ^ R ^ mH-wr??iwrf, wtt-mAAR
smi^ mm I iit?it m?m sjtn *[ ?f I'^fRs RmM i R s wmw? mi's ^ t m\ A ? I îAt? MO?R Rgt?tm f^^Ri
i?,Rft Rn I R R t 'at'sR ?m< ?Rrm, R i t ^ , <3 tms st^Rns t r w 1 ?f^ wm-'^?mt<3 W T R ^ Rm^
f R t n a ? s[R?iH itmw '<IAI? W R I tmtln'^stm? îm?m? wt!p-A?'l?ct? ifAo R^ ms ctRt ?>f?ms R R fl<M? ^fSslCA-l,
c^Pi<> m?m^ mm m ^w's^ t R t R ntm wtm i tm m^ wRpi-Ai i?(.t? .?ff? Rsimm Rf^ ^ t ^ At?tc^ 1
5'îR'^cii? 5#?Rmmm?tmr > i i ^ ^ ( s t f n ? 5 ^ ? R n ^ ^ ^tj?r w t ^ - A?'i?iw? *itf? R3i?tm s[''mRm imimmif
A? I # ? 5 ^ ,fiftt,WM, trT3F5?m t t ^ mai; ^[m^ ifltsR lift gftii^ ^mRn t?^-m<3?r#? Ri^T?? n r o t R f s A ? I R R
liPRR ?iA" tifHfllw ^ xsTAt? "^stifRt^- "5'**iRti' m i ^ ^ mcF^ CTO! _îAtw
t%? it ^ m? 1 ^ t?t?t t R m TRIR? met m^fs? 1 w ^ ^nmc? AiviciiMi ms^ mi m^ ?Rim St?it^
atti t<t? ^ W2T1? A'sm (WTLL ^R?) I WI? RSt? t?t? ^ m^ I mm-mtmf 'ttm? ' W H - ^ F I ? ^ ' m?mn-R?t?5-' s^jx ^
^ m t t m r (mtfi R?lI|) 1 mp c?!^^ mf^^ t^^ltl^ mRmft f ? ^ ?it ^ ^RslCAF 1 WI? tmt iRiRim momw?
(r#sRT Rtt? t?tc? sjti t=tRe?S ttmtm Rfe^ tfc? 1 iit?it m?T?c^t'9Rr!: 2H?t '5F?t^ mn Atsu^ 1 t?^-m<3m#?
m ? ^ ^ w m * ^ t t R m m ? 1 c^?n c? ^ m^'f At?lcA Âlt ?scfe *isiiwit><i= WTET- trajicm? wH-TFT^T?-i5? mmcit wiim
t t j ^m? cmtT I w t t ^ msmw? mmc^ wim^? <'I4H'^? t?^-m<3m#3 iitmtsm? 3F1? S t n R ^f?c la??
?Titn iiit?fct ^ AtsicA (R, 'jRitt? msra stRm Atc^t^ ^ i?w? Rm?i?t? ^s.II'ycA'st iiii?-! '^PR; W I ^mfl 1
wttw??wf??R ^mm<?FC5;mtimwtm?RQRf R f ^mfs^T wm-wH'wift ^5TAT? irmm^ wr^n-^ R W < Rmm?Tc^
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''TS^ ^ J 5 I P T ^ (W) w ^ ^ t m wr-TOff
sTRe-Tj Ti-.Ri?i(v=ra ^smj '^fRift 5îs#?i fH^c^*w tR w ? w I T?i? ?t?tf: L ( R t w w t f f ? ?~ffi, f*iw 4 w ? i
wi-^'H^^'Wff, * m f f iiR%ii? f?% Cttc?^ fR wf 'W?fR (g.)-.ii? f w t B w w i -a
^ ^ - f w ? , ffw w ?#wft(R? I w . i i ? Rf? w w t f ^ i
nW'^M % (i)î5i-'ii^'^R^fR-wwT#, i f t t ^ t ' T O , - o t . , t i w ? WW ?tw t r o ?5f?w wRw? I ?t? w t w 'wf?
c i s s j - a n o ; (:^) wrî i m ' ' t f , -sraw, R ^ ; ( o ) t w 'ttR^R, sj%R W ^ W f " W f tfft- Wl?'-.a? f w ? t? WWTtW fR
( ' s m w ) , v j H i tstI1; (8) t W ^ - f W t W l (T:W.Arnold, i H ? f ? ^ f%W ? S W ? I tw? t l s N W W ?T? t f f t - W l ^ '
The Mutazila), R R ^ ; (<?) t w T t l R t , tfR "^fsIwR^- ?fBr .af?f;%i?rw P h y s i c s afr^? w ? i W Rf? tWR?
^ T f ^ , ^mm io?>!5 R.,- (4>) w t - t m t , Wr-t^RfR 4f?wR(?R WWs w-gRR ttt I t w w f %W?f?'w ?54
(Nyberg), R t ^ ; {H) W R - W f ' W f t , I W M (Ritter), ÎffSl .8 Wipf-W?fW t?f-Tf?I?-.a? t l W l f w Wf^-^'WW

R^; (V) w r - W f i R t , W f - W W " , R?^; (Js) t w ^ 1 ^ , W5=f-?R-f (f?f? f ^ e w f l w ? ) , ((Rl? t f 5 f ror ^t?tt5) ?fw
R f t R , ?t., iS.O, S\r\. 8f., -fl^. vo, i J s ? ; ( i o ) fl?ii,R
m^ ? T R W 1^ wwt fsReW W^ ^TW .a?lf%lWW?
Wr-1T4"Rf, W l - W R Tn-lfR' (Huart), rotf'spplW? WW fsRsRWR cwfl-Q ar?t ?5f?w w1?5(R? i w - ? T W f www
( i i ) Wf-'W^SlWf, W T - R T F I ^~R?in, O S - O ' l ; (i?) WlWTft Wwt Stf t ^R^lC^-t, t?if f % f ? ?sW'S (WR t??sHf
t t W W - W W t ^ , ^"Rt4Tfn-^Rlt,-(Cheikho), ^ i f.; WR f?f^ f l w ? WWI W T (WR<S atWt WQW ?R W i # ? W ?
( i o ) W f TOs'fft, R1", ?t., os^b; ( i 8 ) S. Pines, cWafcn fR wwtw f%^4^ ar^?bW:?stg? i W ? R f t w f ?
Beitrage zur islmischen Atomleher, Berlin ^ 5 p - R ^ ^ ^ W?^=t-^1R -a f % W f ^ - f ' W I R WW?
1936; (i<?) A.S. Tritton, Muslim Theology, ^ t ? f n Wr??R-.a? ( 8 i ( f / i o ? 8 - ? ( f ) f W ?fB^ ?tillfe
London 1947; (i4>} L. Gardet and M . M . Anawati (Rt ftww ??tw?, tw? ' j t ^ ff?wwifwf*tw w w g f
Introduction a la theologie musulmane, Paris rt1?5W? i <? EllR'S^- w f , 804>/oo wtt??., i o 8 8 WWftW
ff?
1948; (i^r) .^..iR.wRa, 4^1=1 >it4i^=i-f'iRTf, wwwtRrn t R w ^ 4 w ? i 2^'RTft ?fif W f w?fww^ Wt-W?1tf tw?
i^(?o-i^<fi ( i i r ) R t l f ^ - f R R , 8-<, 8 i o ; (iS.) ' W f w w w wtw?R tww ? # ? t f l w ? I ^ ^tc s#?t ^ W ? R ,
f t W Wi-'s?lft, W f R ^-''sftifTF, Rff? ts.w=f, ff?'Q ?i?rf i t f W ? ^ f l w ? 1-cro cro w T?tw w R ' ^ ?R?t
-mm i i e o (?o)ffn^-RwTR, ?'T'\ i . tat <pR?iit5.i, t f i ^ ?is^ I

H.S. Nyberg (E.1.2}. ^gft^ w ^ I?R ^ - ^ - f ^ i W ? f w W rtRf?i1t*JT W?f5T Wl<Wf?-.fl?
f^WfR-îR-^g? W W tw w?itw 9ms, \ w ? f ?nw a t f
rf^-^-Rt?R WTW-imi% (^jU^Vi II ,>-l) s
T?R R^lf=1-f'WlR a f t ' ^ ^^tW? f ? ? t W f ^ - f ' f l R
W - t # l f f (?t) tKtft I ttlft^ Wt-4Tft ''atl?<Clf1-
f4Tf5l- Rwftt-W?'t-.a? t w m^ WWfw tt?ft^ (tWt.
^ ? W ' RofC? W P - ^ t t ? ? (?f) RWW ^ R R .flW? R??f?
"Si:^ I R5W1? lit S W r f - ^ R - B R R ? ^ f31 % I if?!? .ai. Wif IsiK, W f l W i?.!}(?) I .at af^Wt? f,'tf?f 'rfs^'?
?5Rfff:W
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^ W R ? R W b R W W ? I W Wfpf-^R't?? (W) ?T^^[W? fR:t ?nt?w-f? w ? - ? f f fTO f%tf^-w?'f ?5w <pt?? i
(t)-.a? t??s? w R W ?TfW?^ ^ t W W I ?f^^3W? ( R ) ? W ? , \5t?R?f5?^tWlRtlt?'ttf?f? .a?5'9ftR'Q ?1R wt? ?R?t I W
f t ? (WR CW?-????^ Wt (W R?tW? WWR w f < ?? Wf W I 't?R t^,tt f?R tt1?fftR-Wfwwt?, ?ft?f
Wt) I Wfs^f-^Rll? WR W W W ? I Wîlt WftW? Wf?n ?? S f%tf%rt I f W ff? ^ ? R -visio beatifica ^?TR
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? 5 f ? W " (8 8 tx?) I
T?R (Rt tiR'S ?bW W1%R wwt? ?1R (ft?W, Glaser
s t f f #t 8 t w ?TW? WR-'WWtWf, WR-tRlW, fiR? ii8), ^ RS? TW? R(t? Rt?? R-S^rficl-tflW-?
i O ? V R , 8t., 88 RlWf I WRR?W I ?^R^ f??w WW? iww'ftf? t??f ^^ftf?
f?!^ f R ^ ??5IR'FSif
3^t , f?tR ?#m W W ? fRW W ? " \ ^ n - W W R f aff
rt^ ^ - R m ^ - ^ m w ^ ( c 5 ^ - ^ i o ^ - ^ i ^ 0 Rotfpi-fNotWW #t ^ ' P l H - f ? ( W # l R W?W)-.a WRtf?
T^rm t w " ^ f t f tw^-'tf?H t ? f ? R - ^ ' w ? ? , f ' w M t 3^t w? rot w?, fR f ^ w f w t T 4 f R ^ i - w f w i ?tt
t f w g f ? ? I ^5tTO 2tR # ? ? f ^ # ? ? mm f?tR? f 4 f W W ?nwww f w f t ^ I wTwtw w r o t i w i f w t w i wf?^
t t w f f?'St?>R
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Contents
wii?tnR'5tm-w# w<pT?i:t?,'JWT
w-fgWf T j t w R atirt^ .sf%s 5 r ^ ?mftw t?TO.'^t?TO,t??i iSi.i}b--H;5 S t . , ^Hi. f . ; (b-) W ? - ? T ? t f ,

Imm \ ^trR? .aW?tiw f%tff-RTf m f W f ^ t'tR^, W W : ' w f " f C T r i - W 5 i - f ? w t f , ?5iww is..Si..s,
w # f'w tittw w<rR?w ( t m r ) t%i<pT-ti4f? I Ot., M8 ;{>!>) C5lt4, " W s T - f r o , O t W W . f W i W l ? R ,
ft?I I W t W W p - ^ ' t T W W - W t f t W r t t w t t t ? TOtt TOt fC? iS..!5i, i b r l : ( i o ) W R - t w t , W5T-W?tf?5W, t W t . Th.
t # g R R SpsttW ? t y l R M H mi W f W R i W f - i ^ ^ C l ^ tTO Saeransen, Liepzig ib-sv, io.5j-i?; ( i i ) Wt-.tTWf,
t^W4 W ? ^ - W I W H TOTf^W W T O f S s f W f t i c w 1?t ^^tw Wn-?t#, 8 t ; , t W t . S.'Dedering, W t l W ijj^ji,^ i:;^^;.;
ttf^ ^ t W W t w t f l w ? I C t t WW TOtf^ffttt TWCT5 ( i ? ) t f f Wf?51-?1??, Wn-Wt?lf?*=1-ffft'W, ? l ? W W i i o o ^
W i T O R t t t t w t t ^ t w l f l c w t CT, t%f? # T O R#WWtW It., ? t . , tjvst.; ( i o ) t ? f R - f ? M , 1?!4-t^-f'lf?W, t W t . ,
%i 1'tt?# TOttcm TOI frotfwt 4f^^l[|c1? I TOÎWft Diwald- Wilzer, Wiesbaden itjîsi, i i t r ; ( i 8 ) A.S.
.at W r o t c t ? W W f t ^ <pcw mi tor, itic? f w t t c Tritton. Muslim Theology, n ^ iSi8H, iJso-a-; (ie)
t1? TOfwt .aroR w H R 4 twwR, f'wtif fWWflint S.M. Stern, Ibnal-Samh, in JRAS (iSi<f.5j), oo-8i;
c t t RTO TOtt t W R W I tWR-R'^^f TOR, tt? (i^b) . a i . ? f t t f W ? f w t f n - f ' W T O - . a ? t w t w t ? f w i ; ' (is)
R i T O t w t c t ? ?t ?tc wsrawra w w tww? w # ? s - s f t f ? GAS, i t . , .1}?^ I -f?5tfsi-f'WTO-.a? t w w tWfT/stiutTt,
wwtt?www:t? W T O w w c t ^wtw ?if5ti:;? i CT CTtwCT M. Bernard ? 5 W ' 5 l f f w f ? C S f ? L ' a c c o r d unanime

dela Communute d'.apres Abul Husayn al-basri,
t1? w ? i f ^ t c t ? f w ^ w c T O t ^ R t o H ?[cu flî www?
Wlf?ti5Ho| -
W ? W (S.) ^ WI3I (Î\^D't)-C4 ?f?[Cnat?t 4?t, t?lCii?
W. Madelung (E.L2), SuppL ?11f? TO
W s t t f f (atomism) t T O f ÎTO t^?t, W"t%?t-? W?TW
(WRttro at^), W T O ftft W W ? ? t^, i;"?t WÎW -a W ^ ' "^^1IW^?7R,tWl ( c r y - ^ i^)sWW?ftf%l
w s t w .a^FfSW^ f t w i Wfte, ^ t r ? 'tRt^" - s w 'ttt W t t w - t w c w ? wTri sfTO ? T f ^ W f t ? c w ?tw??
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TOW W T O ^ C R W ( W t ) TOt srcttR I (?tt?5i- - f ? W W w?p}^t 4 C W i w?t? t f % ? ^ WI ia- w:It??, is.ob- '^.1
w ? - ? i f c ? w ciitit?Tcw) WfCT? w f ? t ^ t ? T O f-wt?*;^ <IS(St4l.al f?^r<I^TIH<I t c \ s ^ s t f !vj)I.II .ai.IA. f ^ f ^n '4IW?I
it.o?lhC?' *R?t 4?t ?t?lC^ 1 ff? W W t^'^RwtWR? W f f f "a ?tf^tWJ f?TCt? C W T O T ? t W
Wf3-^'tt??-.a? f&w?tw f w i f ?TOt W W ? f ^ t t TO! f?"v^ ?? (ij9?i) mi f^fw^t t f g w ? f t R i ?cwi#W4
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WT-WWtt'f W f 'wf f?.TTO t f ? W?'TO t f f R - W % i t w # w r w t t c . a i . .at. f M t ^ w ' W w t l w ^ R (itjos.) mi
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f w ? ( W S ^ ) -sj^t ?>t??lftcw W ^ Clt^T (f?Wt) t1WTO5 W^ tfW ^ (iS)?'Js), ff? w f t o|Hij=i <3fW tgW? ITO tWTR?I
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f?W? ?>t?C tlC4 I f R Emancipation of the intellect, .at W f t w
stlf*'^ o ( i ) '^'*' W f T O i , O t . , i o o ; ( ? ) Wn-Wf41 t w c w ? f t t a "Rtt' ffSiwc ?iti'QR . a t w w fRo tif?3, "m^
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?, 4H. <FS.; ( 8 ) C5=!W, f??r?rrfs[-w?5-wrsi, twt. a 2|t1 I w t T O tt!W4s^ f'WWR W f ^ WC?? (W^
Guillauro.e. "SR^ms iV-si i.Ji, iHff, iH^. ??i,
t . , 'J. i\soo/is?H) i .se ^wftsrs W t r w f w w f w;*)i ^ t w r w ' H w ^
((?) ^ T W W - f R W ? - W f , t ' f 4 - t f t%Wf?5'5T-'iItf*ff? wwi c i r w ^ r a csrw^,, filtRi?'- W f n fpsFi sr^t i wR*p5'
^2W^-f{t?#R, t^^rt, gtww 'w?f?i-?ifw-^ mm.YSNB/YCI'IB-, troc'tw !?5c*r3 R?sj 'Giff? fw'-s i f f ? t t ' G t ? t w ? t t f t w t w ?
SLI; t?fpr-1?s"5?^ W f t ^ - f : ? f t W , t W T . J . I J p p e r t . c^Ti'-iWia ^pfec^"'^: îi?x'f<riiTO 4 ^ wftc? I "i?rw? arwf*f
L e i p z i g iS>ov8-'5"., ?S> (s) t f ? tlft^T?, W W W S . W W ssjTifw ?s.r w w i TO, f?f*fg "4WP*fft W : ^ 'w?.'?^
t?"i*'':'^ R W R !
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(AR?R'^mt? WRpI CAlCîH '^M^
mt^cAtcmt Sibi4 c ^ t^wn ajAt RCIH tm? R^siRo

<t>Qsi(|WF I S t l A t W I ? ^ 2tm N I > ^ R t i t * l 1 l f Ib'allRH wtcmwr ? % t c f ^%i? R j ^ ^mm 8'wTli c ^ t'lmi
^ t t f T p K - s vitAfw? mm wttsjAt <t>Rc^F I C I T a}A=t ^Rmi' lii?" wi?l? 'wrfi c ^ ?i-2tAt?5Rmi m-1R^
^tcn? T j W ? "AT spiRw I f f t e l u r n <F|?NR <[Ri#ft ?icit ^tm? icF Rtgtt? i?tjt mm:mm atc^ S^f? A ? I R R
^Fjôvj cîit^n % I mm i?tRcF) m:m mfti i s R m^trmc'E cnmtm ''^ mHim?
? 5 R e ^ gimm
imcsf? R ^ m^CN-s "îmw? ^ a f m f t Atsifln Â?? R m ^ i2tm? ^^tm? ^t? tc i c i t Rw?s liRsR^ Rrs ^gm^
fRmw i i R r m?m mftc^r CSC^m m T P # ^ I ? 'ptm^ ^^rm^fe lii^ afcisi? S<5c? ?RmR?R, c?'^ Am crnnrnn
m?m% I fc? I mc? wiAtw? ?s^ 1 wtim ^învH?! i ? R f ? ^
mrsn A W W ? .!ib'ii<i^ >\i\M^'\ mm R ? ^ îcmv^c-i? ^ Rmc? iii?s^ ?ic4t mf^ I 'gfi iii<i"SiFc<> fstc cb^ ?5?c? 1"
^Rm%i, 'Ret? ^pRm mfAsj 'imc^ t R s 'Rtm' tRrmi 'iAt? J f c ^ Rtws? lilt ^m îiAi? R TO Rt?s;5 mRm ? f i n
2 R # T ^ ^5tm? 'WTCM?^ RsTA,' 1mRc*r? R w t ' TirR sfw lii?? 'oiAiw t ? ^ i i R n ffQWt? mR:?T ?tR?it-wn?f 1
n m ^ f iîRii) '5?-imcsf? <pR*tif|ei I ^5fm? ^ M K ^ ? ''sr^ctc? t'lmpi? icmt RR.'tAi? R^tm? ^sfm? |Rm tm 1
m:m ^ t c m ^ s ( i ) mi^ I^FIMCF? R r o immt; RRr 1 ^ I'smm W T ^ ? i <ft? itRim's wtemr 1 i-smm
* R i 4 i m ,
iooff m?/i5s>A<^ t - ; (^) ^ immT; (vs) m?.m? ^^pf, mi?mi ^ mtcmbm ^ t?Ti4 wnp CAICIHCI> t i m i
4Pi<Mm i o A m?/5s^ff (8) ^mni ?smm?, nmm iff ^^<pf ^m?c Retime? simR^ ^RmRr I
m?/iJ^H % twfR I t ^ ^ ajAC't? t? w i ^ cAteimT\frimR cstm? iRmn
ctcm^?? at^mR F?tjT m^m^ i f f mifi%^ Rrîn ms^ wtRim Î'lîm? f f R m m's w ^ 1 mtmm? 'i^? AHî'icn R R
'Muslim Culture' ar^mR? il<l^?h I citmesT ^'G-iîRii v s ? ^ n mms m e i 4 ^ i ? , ^ ^ t R m
stm? mtm? ^n'^'wniR^ ? N C T ^ m mRtm? cnR^mf 'Ri?ifAeiF, R f . 'ss.^m^^ ^1?t 1 ? ^ R 5 csTfF^
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? 5 R r m m I
^rnm^Rr-s ^ T ^ m? 8 ( i ) Helots of Bengal; (2) iS)8ib % RRr i t n ^ qstm? l A f m sim? w t f Rme?

Development of Mulism law in British India; (3) i ? m f mffe cmtm^ ?se?it 1 issî -mms Rmei? itef
Religion of Helots of Bengal. mef w r j n ememr Sibif ,?n^ ^j? mRmF ^Rm wtem? 1
sr^f^t 8 ( i ) ^ ^ ? ^ cmm st^t, itmr M S T ^ iSi'iH % nt-i?jemn ?aRt fAiic? mtmetit f R 'sm i?ir ^%
bRîR>?H, ^^Rt?5rm, is>H^'(.; (^) cmm?sm Ri?Tsp( m^,-spiRrsi R R m?i?-sfAf ?sc?R I
T T i ^ - I ^ N S I I mm fm\ mft^sj?;^, mtm iii?nwf, m^, iS)ibb-'sf. R R ' m ^ t i m i aim? i l i R ' m c i l i i ^ i t ^ ,
iS.b-8'(.; ( o ) The District Gazetteer of Bangladesh, R R atRit ?se?it I 1? ^'^'^ tfm? lat
?cmA? iJi'^s..^., 'J. i^s.; (8) am^ mrnj^fSHA, iRi? ^ "s i1iRc?5 virm^TOw t ^'sf^ m^smmR? ms mamRo ?se?it 1
c?CFM WTCM^F T.'m., m^, isb-o ^^.j b-s-svs i tims, ff^G-îRici? t p ^ t i R ; R i R s , w ^ i m t r o ? l e m
t>imeii? m-sm^ c'fRitm oi-sm; fftm, Rtmfew? m^
^SfT^ CAIWH 5lb|4r (crj... ^11 8 ifeivb 'if. fm?m? 5?JiRm ^^Rm %msft#? mte^T? ^mcA timci^ ciRt?
fp^'>B csffTi? cmmt? m? mm? mci? attci LII^ '^Rim ?m lii?^ i i t f e i ? T ^ ',t?m 1 mRfS cêait
"TRmc? w t A t I ^STM? Rfm? mi *rf?5M ^îm< I t n m i t i m ifilm?i R 'je^tmei mt ^^Rm mterA 1 t n m i amt?
5tAct? ^jj? cmw^ îbic?? mi % ^5fp*R ^ T V I ? I mci? miR?mmeiRR?Ams^piRiiet'î^tRpo'^RmeÎ i^vo-^.
w r m c i ? mtimmcT'im?affIFI?sRromm<3 A ? I i5s>AH % wiîmfc tîmififm?1I1R? 1?=? emmi cti ^^Rm ??ti?
Ai ?.I???ci^tT*R Sibi? timii-sfAtw^ I ^5tm? T ' M f f mi ^c TJt?stwtRim?m:t^t?m|l?Rîiiêif6?^[^?m?wt^
?Tm A? MT<in cAiemr, Rsf tf?? i^ff 'v#tbT?' ?>Rm R R I ? CAlCIF 'oSlbl? Î?l'41?imc? WtA AF 11^f W E R w ? ^ tAte?5
msi? Rsf? m i RiRtc5T iii?t ?Rn:^, "mm R 5 ? I WTf w R.R. Anm^ten R m\ A ? I R^ R,R.-c n?n? t ?
t i m i ?< 5}Af w mc?R îc<T? 5i<t'wt 1A^ W I R ? ^S^Rrft R R e?t ^ "^tm ^ e ^ mi mm? "bRm m^ 1 fe? wtm? 'mm?
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ctOT wtR R5 'Rf ?T?m? ^ 1" mimmm R ^m
^K.tC'* R^ ^ K I ^ ^r?m? <^m=^ iRW-i
t i m f Rscm?
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Contents
ij>o
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f?f^ w:^ f f ? f g wt I ?w ( i ) t f ? f w?w, RR, eoff-^; (^)
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f ? W 4 f ? ' S , f C t ? t f t R ? W T 4 C ? I W ? i f ? - ? t % R ? IRSW?? Vloten), .bV; ( e ) t ? f P - f ' W W , w'lRWI, ?.!s-oo; (.fa)
wc?r?ct? (i\o/\v.!s) c?R f4^4W f t ? t Rf? w w f i c t f . s r t ^ ?l??t4f.RRnfW, m\r; (<\) 1?tf, O t . , Hb'S; (V) t ? f ^ - W t R ,
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f ? W f ? ( R t A. Eghbal) att^ 1 ? t ? " p T itro/'^Si.'jj Wtww, ( t t . , 8oi-:^; ( i i ) R W t f R t 4 ^ - R W R , ?e=l-b-; ( i ^ )
W W f4SW ^m 4l6^l4lf| R5tC? ?t?IC^ ? f W t ^ t ?SC?? I ^^f?I? t f ? tlf|4H, St., ? 0 ? ; ( i o ) W?1, ?t., i ( r i f.; ( i S )
RStt?? W W W ? 5 l ? ? ?rt? WfT-RtW4'W4' Rt5lf?4 R?4tlf Wf?C^ WRWlt, f ^ Q W f t - W W f , W?t?t io(2-? R., i t . , ^<t<t, ? t ,
i?o, iSi.b--v, ?(2-?; (i(2-) W ? SBW; O. Rescher, Abriss,
?t., iV-Si.; (i^b) Brockelmann, 1, 83, SI, 133.
A. Schaade-CH, Pellat ( E . 1 . 2 ) / ^ j s ^ ^sn?^
W l ? | R R M (W^=?S,R) ( j r L - J l j j l ) 8 .a4f? ttW?, tW^
affwitW WfR-RIW iS.)-m W W f W t ? W t Wf?R RIW w
WfR-RlW ?<t ?1t1 âRft 1 .at tiw? W ? ? T f t l f ? t t W ?
Rmt3t '^ft? Y^/=wi R W f ? CTO mi s O f W f W w f ?

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?tt3Ft5lf?Wf 8
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(.;.... j _ ^ j ) ?W?? '?1?R W R?Wt?? ajosn W f i ' t ' ; CWRR
?R1 t t ? f W W r R ( j - i l ^ ^ l ) - t k 4W W? I ^ f ttt
4l??1C5?, Orientalia, iJxfo, ?.!s?-b-o i f4l<Ml? cwW^-.a? "5^4 ^tt? W s 4 w?iw' W f??f5 w : ^
G. E.Von Grunebaum (E.I.2)/f^l*iiw ^l<ia,=l W ^ âlR^Slft I .fit W W t S T ,_s J > - o cHl-Te Jj4^ c-'^ " ' ^
ttwf R S C 4 R
t.f?.vê
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WttpfTliSf ii8
tiî'^R'p tRRcF? W I m^ s f t f R s i ^ m ^ t ( u a I ") of&mf R R '*tmf^ mc?^ I ' R f t^^Rc^s #tAtw mrt ^ R a j i n
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a f R R R ;5rt?pr-i%f ^ t?=T lATOg wm-ift^f? R ^ ^tc ^simc^ ^ m?m I ^gRyf îtAi? R R O m^ <i<iK\ii mi
A^b^-vbro w fiFfen m I tm? ?e?i? 1? 1%R osw ^tArc?5 m t m g îtm ^sftPR i îo/s.AA ^ ^tn^ ^
wramt w ^ mi wH-mt^[% sR-m=mT wa R ^ 1 ? cwNsm A?f 'ii^^ ttFm?[ m n 'Q;o(iiii$iii^sTiw^ t ^ R ^ s p ^
W ^ I ^r^lW WH-'i^H?!?, ^slllfn-^fm -?H?T-? An I m#t 'lAtt'* <M^lfii'sKh< (TTF I
tiinWi R ^ m '85? I mm t ^ (g.)-*^ f*' t ^ ,RR. mc?^, % ^ RA<PK? ^ ^ RT:^"Q stm
tirn^ t ^ c?5mRf?5-iira ift iiRpB istm A<ô/vb^-te8 mm R?n:^ R R A^ liiR^ ^sRiRj ^5î^#? RI:?! "îaIC^^
RiRoi ^ <pRc atsH m^ I iftt *iR>?iw tt^m? (?Rt?iRf 'sim? ' 5 ^ ?5g| An 1
w n R r m w , 'RR mn-mw^ 'mi^ ^ R#? cPl>stw ( 8 ) ^ ^ - R ' ^ i.(2-/CWntft, Si>Ab- i^
tmR! *R?iflw'H, Rsf ^mm% ^ -RR i?t%^ A F i r t ^ % ? R *pj isn^-^fmRn f^naiRjn
cm*w '?t1? ^^c '*t3F*fw? wisjm'T iRbHFit RnîAitt ig aRR; ?5m A^ mi R R ^ I O T ?Atn mi:?R 1 m'?R,
im^stc?? ms^ I t'lm^ t?=T c^mRr^-'a?' - T O . ^ w ^ ^ iVcm:'?^ &A<i)-'a 'WTtftfm 'stAi? iSi^ #^smR . ^ I A I W Rn
immg, ^vsm?A-'a? ,R:?s s r s j t ^ ?5Rm m ^ R n ^ mm i efRK'lA^JfWl
Ass/b-b-v mm R n l t a ? i R o ^TAt? mRtmRm o?= A ? I (ff) ' s ^ ^ mt^-'Fram mRsrf m^ptteeR m m m ^ 2fR
1A!'<?IM AHflrM-^ bbb mRtC^ R?f& ifl^ Tpsi RR'imR mi%Fn-Smm t=?F mt^-iii? ?f RpR I
AF mi I A I I , AMT? CailMWl) mi?-m?s?5T JJtAf? A!5r A? I sr^r# s (i)'wRH^nR wt^-m'RR 'mtf. t % n - t i f t ,
wasi? R R R?^'bRim m^ i R f R f RjTi?RR'^|F?i?îra? t t A R ^ - '5?llRt"!l-ij[F4 lR)'*ll, mRft ^ m^, Freytag R t ;
W F liRtm^Rim? mc^^lAH:^ 1*b|i*HF?^ tÂl<l t?FF. (A) Locmafti Fabulac, Bonn i b A 8 (.; (o)
c<p'niITs?if,pif 'tAie?s mim?- i o 1., iSff; (ff) tW^-mtft?, W1R-?!#R, m m . Tornberg,
mmmrF? mssr? 9^ m^m i Avo/bfeo mm R R wR^piA t ^ V^.,ffff,Soo, >S>o, Aoo, A'l^v'SAV, f f i b t . , "Kb,
î7fH^-^(,siimf ?'R^ ^?tc mrnmRFitmrn^T i m%FT ÎAI'W ioff f., i A 8 - i A b ; (to) F. Justi, Iranische
'mciPm? f w i t mmcF? mm, <mm ( S i m p a d ) - ^ R ^ Namenbnech, Marbuiig 18Q5, }.>ff, Aff; (<^) Weil,
m^ mff : 5 f ? - wFitm ^fAr?mi^RA: i Ab^8/bs<^. Geschichte der ehalifen. At., 8Si>i;(b) Defremery,
mm-i'mRg-'a? R ? T O W im^? 'tm R R RfEgfA w ^ i R f Memoire sur la fsimille des Sadjides, JA, ? t I 3 R R
^'^<t>mw wt^t^ fRt? *R<it., 8o& t . , i o t . , feto t . ( i b 8 a ^5.) t :
Ate A^mt I R R c>l'*ltc^T?^mimf5T.^mRRv^sj-tAt^^mmTf, 01. Huart (E. m.m.t.)/m5m^ 'SANW 1?
iSii Fftn w?'! I tm? T ? R R i R i^m. w ^ i fAimw ""sit^ >iMlR*1 ( J .1 II j _ , i ) g mrFr-rnmRr t ^
wm-mi^F%?i ?ifv5=i'm?Ff, Abv/jsoi c?inc?twwtsFfg-^tm ?n?sRs t?Rn-ATRf t?=T wrfm t'j:i*i-iH?i41^ '^WiH-m?
WlR- f R f f WlR-WRmff I ^51AR 'Ftn? RTfmc? *\'i>w^ ?(A?ICA;
w t R c ^ R j At?m, '5rme? m ^ i mtAR ^mAR m: "mii?,
A^*^ (?T<3'ii'it<> tt%R Tf^mii^'5ffRit'mtm^ w m >ire "wife r. 'tm 'wtimi', m f R mR?ft mi
^ mU ^JCPf lil^t Cl^ftTR? R^lt ^ R ^
mmo "stAt? R w "gRj^ ArT I R R 4lîiîi ?mf) ?m^, w t f ^ - i H i R i ?R?iR ^Rc5? 1 1 ^ mR
fR<=r -Ôi^^ W R , ^tTAH ::R?^ . '?miF, R R 1 ^ ?i?pf <)Rc^F la?? m t t i R t ^'gRRt ?sc?^ i
^mwr-^mft (Tpmm:^ ^^ra^ 'SBI mT5)# "*fpi^ m^^ ?T^[^|fTA (R) Att; ?^ A f f A ?<m <1>R?ICAF I mFr-mw?R t=?F
t ^ ^rtAmg-*^^ 't^*^ y.ANlw t ^ it^ ^gm:^ 'f^^ 's^c^ mfg m R - m f ^ , t ? ^ mtî mtn-Aimm^ mR-mmf) ai^t
. 'slARR^^^tc A t f f Rm?t?R?lCAF; R>?R,f, mRT^, t?=T
mm #tme?' mtc?^ mRm? ^mv^ cetR m%FT? csft^fc^'o m^m, iprtft, -^piRst si^t ^gm^'wr w R - w p i m t w r s n r o 'iTAR
timft R s c ^
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?lf?^t <>R?I(:^H I i f T O ' W Wt-î>iilPi*ijl Rfsf4 wSwt sf^ W R W ' W R ? I WI,^tW? Rttt^tC?? w f iiW^CR f?W?
ittTO w f 1 M W?rm TO TOtWR am W? I Rf? . f W R R ^t: ? f ^ W I ?.!}.!5/b''Hfe-Vo R t W R R ^ W f .flRtWt
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tWR-W?l#t?,WW ^tc^ WIW ?1?I, f f ? ^ R f t W W 1W#J5 ?tiw ^5iww ?irwj? f?fg f w ^ . i i w w ? w w f ? ? w f ? ^ w ^
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t t ? t W 1 'of? ^ f^llWW W R - W 5 ^ W R - f W T O W - . a ?
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i 0 ? V , 8t., I R?atw?.(Rwwftf? ^5if?ww w 4 r w i W?w?f?? w ?
c?Wt?i^f? ti?tR W t t ? W ^ W 5. WfR-WW (??R) I
a r ^ # t ? ( i ) 1 ? l f , t . , R?^; (?) t f f R - W f ? , 'Ht., sa,
(o-uujj_ij j l j j ^ j ^1 I I j.-O S W R - R t # WSR5.W? ioo-8, i i , i i V , i?'l (flW-.iR fWI? tfiW),
I w F f ? (a.) wwrm (w?iw?) t w w ^ - . a ? Rwêif i!o-.?DO-?,^vSi, ?(5', ?'i>o; ( ) t f f R - ' W f R , W f t ?1W?
? W R W W t l t ^ t ? l f f^W? '^!?iWW' ??.W W t ? t W W I (W??R), i t . , . 18; ( 8 ) Defremery, Memoire sur la
famine des Sadjides, JA 1847 (Mai), 409-413. M.
ff?,t?Rtf?tf W 5 F % ? ? ?C!,i-.%/lrO.!s-1 R t W iRbtPtvB
A.R. Gibb ( E . I , 2 ) / f ? m tWt? ?1R
W W 4 *t(?IW W R a K t ?sc<R I ?C},e/lxS> R t W ft? W R f
W ! F % w w?twt?tWRt 2tRf?f? frottt wwtw?-'^ f w c ^ rt^"*mmrr ( u ^ ^ r ^ o s w R - w f t?? w R f [ R
mU<> ^ f i l W iRbM'il W W I ?8?/b-e.IRtW wtw ? 8 8 M V wR-w?wf, f "w t r o t f : 14ft wc?, 2tR #TO.fR mm
R t W (5. W - 1Rtft, t . , iS^'b f . ) w f w W^-'S[t?rt4f4R jftTOWw f?c5R m?^ , R ? RfTfR TO^m w c w 1 fR
w?tw w t w f www:?? f??3"=tw?^<f<=t ? 5 c w i ? e i / w s e w w W C ! f f ? W C W f w t f ? W f T O W * I - W ? ? l f ? CWtWflfcatC?R
WR-fsjWt? WR-fWW-t^? "src?! R ? ? ^ ^ ??T? f]^ t^ W R ? .iRi i??lR?Tt (5.)-'5tcw f w c ^ f c ^ frottw wt I TO
f f ? w t Wf?^. WR? ^4CW I R l ^ R W ^ t T W f '2Wj: f f ? fR WR-t5nf?. W R - w f f - ' a ? i?jw? 'j;?f^Rnw ? I ? ? W R
WWttW? W ^ J - f f W t ? - . ^ ? W R W ?sf?W W R - W W t ? , f w c ^ ? l f w - ^ W t l f W f ? f ? C?>^ C W I f^^g ca? R W ff?
^ ' ^ 3 w ? 2ff?w? w? W?t? ^ T O 5:?f .i?i w a w w t f t W % T - . i R W f ? f Ttt ?-R?tTO W : ^ C ? W T O W C W .1 R W '
Wf^t-'f? .ilWW? ^ t t H J W W 2|f? ^4f?W? W f ? ^ volWW R f w ^ c ^ ? i t T O W R R W "^RW fR srwcw Rcgt? c r o t t
'st'ft ?5?t ?? I W R ttff ^w t<5W aftW W'Q?tW .aWW?^^^ W W .a?tW?l? Clt? ? I ^ t W f?l?S ?#5It W?-W4WC
f?Tf? ( W W f W ? R W T O W C < ' f ? ^ ? W ? ? 1 t t t ? RSR 4 r w i . .nWw " w f ??.%i f ? " i w ? t??' t f W f R tw
w r t f wwTO? f ? ? ^ f ? t ? w w s t ? t?i? ^ f ? ' s i f ^ ^ w . 1?t1W (5.)-.R TO'tTO RtW^ ?? I fR t?lW. fWC
W T O W W ? srfRf? (WtRW f?cgt% ( R W W f W ? R R f ^ T T O ?ltC ^<??tft ?SCW . i R l f?CW i o ^fWTOt-WftW, iS>Si/?.!5 .
t?? Wt'M?t<l' W W ^ ?5W? I 4fst w r ? , ^R? tWW W I f W f , V i e Wl?Ct C W T O tTO TO fifWo W 1 f? R ^
t S t r o W f RtWW:?? Wf^-'îsatW ? W ? W t ? ^ (RW ?? I W ? TO fR W R - ? t T O t w R t ^ f?cgtfw? ^<t^
: ^d8/\rbV R t W R l f % ? ' t?? WfF-.a? afff?f??n:t I?IW ^5t?tw WWR? ^cw?^ cstf? W f t f w wifw 4 C W I . a t f c ^
^^-fRft? t'il^lC?? ^ftc? W W R C W R T O ? WR?I?wKt ? W w f w t ( i wwR/ie c?^gwtf) t w i ? t i s T W ww TO i f i t
? ? I f ? 5 ^ W ? ' T O t?? t w t?? W ? t m R f t .^fWfR4tf t w 't?t1?tW f w WRtrtf ?TR wc? W f R -
vs|?lW W -^tt ^ e , W ?srw I ^bi/VKB W W 1WW . w w w w w f W C W , f%f f ' W ?<Rt W i W t ? w t WfWRtf
W^.sTO-.a? W W f ? f ^ 4?t f?5^ R ^ w t?t f ? f w ( W f f 2twR ?? w i - w s s R ? ^ R ? <ww? " w f - ? ? f ? i(?'i*iimtw
f?!gtft) ^5fTO C I H H i l t f W R ? 1 ^ w t ? W W f S T O ?sc? 1 f ? n w t f ? ?1WTW tWR?iCf at?t ? W ??, f % f s f f W W t
t ? ? f ? W W 5 f - f W ? 5 ? W W f R t f ? Rt?? W R - - W f R - R R t T O W T T ^ T O I .fR ftPlC f t ? WWt% 1 f ? ? f 5 I
W w R - . a ? i r ? T ' f 5 i ^ f ; ^ t??t? ^stTO 'f;?"f|j: f f ? (?twi^ a t ^ f w s w r w (ZDMG 1868, 707) .5?^ W f W 5 , ?RW,
t t w f f?'8WR
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Contents
w r - w T O , W T WTRT ^stfwtTsra ^m:^ csmtftf WTWWt aft, A. Gonzalez Palencia ? ^ CWf? WW?
carat I w j f w vs wwfww ?t?t arwfwo ??, W % iS>ie (#?ffW
Wost? Rf? ?t? ?TtTO-.a 'Sif?!? 4C?? t? W T - ? 1 t R t?? f f W T WRW); (?) t^WW f?5^.v5nWR f?t-Wt^?W?; W t ^ ? W ?
tt!^ fgiRTc?? TO afTT???5lft ?t??mt? f?4S tt5jC?J? WC?W? (W Wtwt?W? astralabe) ?J?W? f w w <a?sWf? t?f^<a
Wf?T? I TO^W e,-^TO f%f??T #Tv5T?, ?sTR? t?? ^^fTT f?T:?t?t, Wj|?>l5i^c?<l w f W T , in Millas, Assaig;('B) tWJf
Wf?-tt?t?lC?s t?tfw 4 C ? ? (fT'S'3?TR/C?-^) .il?l JiplCô f?wR, -swWR f?wR (Cosmography) 'of^Wca? f?fw^
'Sraw >i>|<)c<Jl? ?>C?? I WPT-W?1?T "ft?lfttCt? W*!? W W Wi^f WIWTf??w'?4Wfwa(^JpfC^(WW%f)fW?W; ^fRâ^t
V o o WtWttt TOW C t w ? t w ? ? ^4C?? .a??, f W ttf^'3 f???t Wc?; ( 8 ) CWItlwfwi? .a^Wf? t^R^W?, tw
*lRjfCt ?'S?TW WT (ib y,<l?l?|5T, c;io(2-/c;i4i W t ^ , iV^faff) i f^^ fiw:?? tft? Wt-W4WT^-.i]? WW ?f5W ^ I WTW?
CtWC? fwf? s|fwtc?? W W (governor) W t - ^ T W ? tw "Wf WWstfwt]:t? RW t?t? C?W f ^ t W fsiT W t 'a?i f ^ ^ t c t ?
W n - W ' f % ?Tf|f? f w 5 WtfirW ??, f ^ frof fC^ ?? WW tw .aw?Tc?t âfr?tw%f; ( e ) W R - W f f ^ w t ^ - f r o r w ,

.il?^ \tlW? W R f ^5tW W? I W? W ^ l ? f ^ f?W 1? ^ ? ? T ? ^ (^5tf%f5ia) tWWlHt\C?? t t t I t?f WIWRIW
W'f5=r-W??-.fl C^TWTW? CBtt ?sj^ I f 4 ^ WTW? ' j w t WWW f5f?5S,Rtf?W Amalds de Vilanova 4 W 4 ûifDn W?T5r mi
W t - f W R ?5W4 W W tfC? f o vs w f WTI W W ! Yehudu Natan ?5W?3 fta' WW? WfRw ??; (b)
w t w w W??!^?!?-.^ ?1W? tWT W?5[-.il? f w ? atW'ft ^C?? i \5rt?-?ftgR-tR?1??TT, 5 J t W f ? Wfw-wlf?? ?T?W t w wfro^
WI-WTW? WTW? f*t?C^ ^C?? ( i o ?TfRt-W'S'Q?Tn, ? o o / i V t,Rff W I tww f?R? t?."ia^ f?WRf? c t t CTOt?
WC&I??, V i e ) .a??. W W ? CW? WWTO? C t ^ ^ T O f t W t W W5T?-W5?t ffwffw f??w f%STf?w WW ttTOf*tw^t?JlC^,
?TWWI I '5rr?f3I-tTRTl ?t?R 4 W 4 tWTfWW, W'Q?lfW5T-Wf^'Wtw',
artfi^ S ( i ) WT?lft, S>14i t . ; (?) t W P - W f t ? , M . , ?t?C?T; (H) f?WW f ? 5 ? r - f f 4 f , t?r? ffT W ? f t ^ r o t W'SW W?
? i ? t . , ^ i ' l t . ; ( ) Wls=i--WWW, W?nfwr[-Wl1%!?#?,' W, f ? 5 f w J w ^sjissiw ? i R f w ft^ w?lw WlI?Ct? Bibl. Nat-â
cw^t? i ' B o l , iiv-S>; ( 8 ) F. Gabrieli, al-Mamun e ?f%w Wc?, Hebrew Ms. no 1036 i
gli 'Midi, Leipzig 1929, 10-23; (<t) W W W wtW? aftt#f 8 ( i ) tW^-f^Rfsf, V o ; ( ? ) tw^ ^ 1 ^ ' ^ ,
affwf?f?W:t? ?iwe,WW f?TO ^ . Ch. Pellat, Milieu %fr[5T-W??T', ?^>, <f? t . ; ( ) t ? t ^ , t?Ww, ?t., 'Obi; ( 8 )
Basrien, Paris 1953, 198-9 i tw WflW?, i o i ; (a) WfWf, W?^'W\oT? "Analectes",
H. A R Gibb (E. 1.2)/ it., e o , R., ?t., ?iV-iS>; (4i) Brockelmann, 1, 641,
SI, 889, (H) Suter, 115; ( V ) M. Steinschneider, Die
^srl^ RHlTIt ^-^T^pft^ S (5. ?1^?t1W?)
Hebraische Ubersetzungen, 735, 885; (S.) L.
T s r r g w Sniiiji (<-î . - . i . - H j^_,i) g twT Leelerc, Medicine arabe, ii, 74-5; ( i o ) J. M.
'W?fWR-'Wf? t?? W f ? t - W T ^ w W l - W f W ^ f , CWot^ Millas Vallicrosa, Assaig d.Hlstoria de les idees
(Leavnte)-.^? cwf?W (Denia)-W 8bo/iobo WCÎ w t ? t fisiquesi, matematiques a la Catalunya
.?5n?? .5??, w -wf w-<3?t4?5Tf-.a? f w 5 f*fw WW 4c?? .a??, medieval, i, 75-81; ( i i ) G. Sarton, Introduction
f?R? f?TO ?TtW m?^ ^stfwtft WT I W f W f w 8)xi>/ioi>b to the Hist, of Science, i, 230.
W C 5 I fwf? WCWSftfg^ ^ W?C?tW ^ W C ? ?Tt'yo f|cW I <5ftft-fT^ "wf t w W?W-.a? fsi W-?1W?-.i]? WW
.a?5j? f?ijfe\o WWW ^WT;? wf ^stc^T ^f? W t - W F f l t Wt?tC4 tf^?tCt? sf"t "^TBW ^ t?f?-?t#4fw
? # 4 C ? ? I fw? ?e,W ?5TW?TT?f? W f l W ^ W fwtftw ^^W tvHR^Jt-â? tR?tCt? W?fî t?tw aiH/iii.'O tw
(eoe/iiii-?) f^ wi-w?fwrtw t w 4c?? i ctwc? flff=T t w ? n c w R5w?f ?f^ ?t?it? I t w twf-.a? "wn-
w f ? W?W t w ^^lf^ ^^t^l tw 'TTWR wwfR-ft;f??', i t . , ?i8 t . , ?s>? t . , ww-fwwif-.a? 'f??'W',
^jftw ?? Iw-w?R?TTw fwf? ismi wjnfwo ?jR?iict w f R)5Rt is.?'^, e i (-JA, 1852/?, i i ) , S.O (-^ iHb),
#?? ^tfw?tftw ?sf?w i 'S[?t??w, e?s>/ii8 wf?(:t ( f f j wtf?t ?T (-JA, 1853, 375, ff) tW?- t t # ? (Centenario
mm WCSW ?%ITC?) ^ I < P h I di Michele Amari, i, 455-9)-.i] a n w f ? ? t f f w W Q W
WTW? ? f ^ ?? af^t? IC?! f?^f%f?tW8f% ^ T O T t J S ( i ) ?ttC? I
W4-?^-f?^, .if?rsf5f?t w 4 w w R ? w t?f%<a J. M. Millas, S. M. Stem (E.I.2)^5jTi? tt?
t t w f f^'SWl?
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Contents
^ ' ^ W (jj^ I) ? t?^ ^;fmf-%F -Rc^R'o wr**!?, <3?Rpp Rf^wt <3 ^SHTRT ?ff? m^m
t^Rr-tsnii ^'sm o n n - t m f , c t M c#iR (Hoca ^sRf mt?3li?5 2 R R <3 t5r=R jpi's^m ( R ^ (lat ^SR?
celebi) m n t R R s , ^gRtifs ^ Ri5rH-mm?5R, Atm^ 'wiRm <3 R S W RÎR A F ) ; ? 5 R T ? (Karagoz) w R m R ? wgm%
ms'^tn-tmTsi 1 ^ i i mm?, v>i>to/oo R c r o , i8>i>o; a mm mm m\ w ? r m R ? # mmii R ? ^ "m^s^m m w R?^
^5TiPfH-mt<3<3mn, ti>vA/A>3 w t ^ , iffis I ^tim? tiR^f mr^ I RR[ R^NH ^!j#?[tOT? "siMtf 5tm<3 Mi^rff ^^#tw?
(Iskilip, Amasiav? 'tf%n)-<a? wf?MF â?? t J l ^ F R I WlRsf att'im:s? R ? R R;<3 ^Ro AtcôF m i
<3 ^^ flm^ I W f i - ^ ' ^ Ft^=^F mm I W R m m R wRR-^*^ 't?mr^-'wR5"RR-m#i' M N
>l,i^M A? immw? 'mfe m^mm-? LA^m^r: ^'^'14 mr m^s f ? W R m f ! r ^ IA?5s|iR >aispf <j af?R WM-?!?^'!?!
W R 1 >I>o>I>/iffoo mm RF^ ?NF A^, sttn rR-mmHifl? w^pim:t I tm. % A m f mm^tRir-f mmrsu?
(Buras)-(75 <3 ira^mim I >I>88/iffoi mm R R ^^nfnm? mR;?<3 w m S R ^ m I IIRMR?s f?m^ ? T R tm? ?t?n ?bm
'wtmm?' Rmtiro A F lii?? h<t>ji(t8'\ mm ^gnm^ ii ?5r?^ IA??WW?Rttm'5R5 A5i I ^ttm?'^gs? ?bm?#? i r m
^m?m"F ^ttme^ m T f ^ p i - t ? ^ m atrfs ^ppft? m r a R R W ^ I ^ t r m m , RMM^ R n - w m tmRn-m^^ w t m g'wRRt, mm
>t=i^H ^ g m m R <3 ^mm? S^mfwift A? m%f-IA?r t i i F i v w m^ " 5 ' T ? ? 5 R ? R 'SRj A l f f w ? n T O R??5Rrs I tm mm R R wt?ft,
> ^ ? F ? j i ^ RF^ <at t n t R m ^ I wr^-'^'%g ^^pm^ m?^ < 3 ' j f f mm? R f R ? t i ^ ?5Rm<3 ? M t ?5r?^ I
.^mwmn? TO s r f R f c ^ p ? W ( w i w <a?? t??F ^ i n ^ H f?t#t S ( i ) ' W 1 ^ ^Rip-^ m ^ (^. S>>I>A/i<J-b-8),
m%R? w R m ^ 5 i A t ? <ii?55Sjg stm? w ^ m MR^m^S R R ^tAH<p 'wM-t^Plin-m=5î', <M?r?i i o i o ( t ^ mRm^RFS <3?tpi?t^
Ret? i m c F ? IJR: wRtt^ I 'ttm? R ? ^ â^sl? wRcmt w R T A-â? A T R R R , AVA t . ; ( A ) wrm^, R T ? n - t m?sit?5"', tm^ripi
^m m w , R R ^ 3 5 ^ t ^ s ^ m!^ R ? R mi srm'nt^ mRm:"Tg iAtoV, i i r o f.; ( ) Pecewi. *mft', i , t i m i n i A V i , (2-A 1.;
TO m^^m? wistf R ? R I ^TiTRR mftf'le^t? Amrmâ <3 ( 8 ) tms[n-'tmg, m i ' t m ^ i - i ' T A f ? , v t . , o ^ v f . ; ( * )
m%i cmroi? TO mmR m R i R ^Rm m t m i Brockelmann, 11, 579 1., S II, 651; (to) M .
wra^m:?? R R i i R ? # ? N R ? R i ^j'gj? I I R ÎAIW tmstfrn? Hartmann, in "Isl," 1918, 313 t . (^MRNMN?
w i ^ m t ^ LAM^mn mmF ? 5 m A ? i mtrnw ^mm? m m ? *ihjI<iR ''i'lFFtm-t mmr itiR-^%^-i9? ?ms<3?iR^ ?fA?T!:A
WviH t m m <3 i f m '*tfRF ^ttm? ''5^ R?mg c^ftRR S? ?iwt m^-^'^-m W R iff^mt^ "mô^sm USTA RRRT'-I9?
'SiA)? ^ mtmm "snrnm A ? i ^ttrn? wtprtfl' <3 Rtmm:=t? icm a R n t m ^ i n r ^ in M T M , 1-2); ( s ) P. Hcrster, Z u r
?5C??5Rt 'd.n^H A? m # 1 , o ? " p R 'Q o ? ^'l-nlcn-a m*iil>i(.=i Anwendung des Islamischen Rechts im 16,
'a^'ffîR t g m ^ W R I Jahrhundert, "Stuttgart, 1935 ( R R i m ^ ' - i a ? m
m?'tn-timR?iT:t w t f i - ^ ' ^ S^viif mgiesti? s j m i R R s l l ^ t <3 mgmg); (tr) Gibb, Ottoman Potry, iii, 116;
^srfA^-Rn^'-iii? TO t i m r R ? tRra W R F miffwr'-? R R O T >Q1? (Omer) ^ J ^ - ^ ?R?5R^ X V , xvi, asirlarda
R ? R <pRc^ A ^ I ^gm?mcF? m "^Rm R1^ tcm*^ Osmanli imparatorlugunda zirai ekonominin
A? Âimg-IFF? w n m 'jft'o % ^ ? n ? ?st^ mm^ W ^ liRi ^mm hukuki ve malt esaslar, t ^ iS-Sff; ( i o ) M . Cavid
^ ? A W ^ I i c b v i F m w ' s w n i j mm? RF^ f R stt?^? Baysun in lA. iv, 92 f.; ( i i ) ifll.-^mRR 'SRB, i n
mm, ^mf? ^^m^m (RCA^ >IL=I^H S R ^ R ^ sp^, wsâ? Ankara Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakullesi
mlRT wit^ aHRTcR ( R m r ^mf >i,'=iîw? R u f t mRm ^Rir Dergisi, i t . , 8V f.; ( i A ) Yusuf Ziya Yorukan, % af.,
m?T I trm^p? ^ 'wiRm?'-?^t ^gn^mn? wmrnzpn Rf^ i o i f.; ( i o ) 'SRB (Okie), At., AiS. t. I
J. Schacht (E.I.2) ^
mîcstj? etwr^RTA fRr RS,3FI^ W R F Rirm*R
'^Rm ^ l A i w mf'w! wit=T atrmt ?5R;'s?5 ?sr?^ ( > f ^ m i t F ^ ' ^ v Q ^ vsrt^-'snRr^ (.ÛÎ . ^ ^ ?
R?rmTO? -JpsiJJpR R5fC^ g. P. Lemerle and P. Wittek t?^ tm%i wM-|?imf m^wR?tm? ÂW^ m m t R R ? R i A<j-
in "Archives d'Histoire du droit oriental". 1948 ? R R R , iAWi* w^, '^8 <\ TO-iimmrF RrgiA m^sitm t R m R R
466 t.) I ?t^^m?TiuT? R ? ^ LII^MR^m? ^ w?tJtA=f i sftiRc^
^lAl? ?sT<3?|3l^CA? R f R^tT?^ ?5Rt wm?R RTJRR; R R wi<Mif ( R m T R ^ T A ^ i m t?^ m f ? - i 9 ? i # t R ? R , RF^
^m^'R Wtm-RS^lft <3 ?]Rt R 9 2 R A ? . I ft? wR^ =TO <3 t ? ? # 'mm 'ttAtr?5 m A ? t ^ csRt W R i m t i r F Rf^ AO
sRtn'S ftR? i m R S f R ^ T R R T ^ 5 n ? [ i - ^ ' % p f w i K ? ' I ' ^ R ? , ^^^t-R-isn, i i / i o WTt%, 18^ TOT mtn<F t ? F ^Tft?5-i9S
TIMFFRARM?
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Wf 'WQtM W f - W T ^ . Wf'W^W WR-WPT
wnRsR'^^TO t f ? f^îHw wtfSfw I W f 'w? RW W?R t w W t t W t w '^^f'Rf t w t^l?t4 t w f j W W WT-t?tf

(RTtR-n)-.a? 4l?l4lf| <)>Rc\of^W^ \ 5 W W R - t ? t ? f Wt-?tWft I
^TOTt t l f W t f f ? Rf??1? Wtw? 1??TO Cf?t W W I W f ' W 4 > I (W) ???, ^ tR^R? R?W f i : ^ <)|51=l?Jt?
' ^ H ^ i a k t w ' ^ i f t l i & l i ' i l i i Wf'W?f?,W?-.a?fWi (R)-.a? Rt?w ^?,-tt?t WW I twf? i? ft. W f W4? (W)-.a?
( i i igWWW-WRW, i V ? * WTfWft,- Hdo) W??T?-.il? f^tWWw WRW w w w ? f C l W W ? t 4t?W W W W s W W 4 C ? ? I
tWW?C? ' S W R W WTOt W R C?? I Wost? " W ? " ; ^ Wîftt? WWW?, fWf? fWR f w W R ? stt1WWt R 4 W ? W fWf? W W
WRW RR .a?l RitR?' t w '*llf W W f ' W W t?s^ ?WPi? W f ? ? ^ ' ^ ? t Wtwitfrtflw? W W Raptw? .a4l? f ? w f t w wt?f?
fviR? RtWfCt Cl?t W W , C?WTR ?,R^ .14 fC^ tWfWW ^ ?st?'S fC4? W i N t W R ^ ?? I t?lCW fwf? W?1WIC? W?
? x 3 W ? t ? w f w >fs 3 ^ t??5 ? f I W f 'W^s? t ? ? ^ t??Rt W ? ? I fwt?t f?W? fttRSI ? t t ? % Sfstl W? W f ^ I W t w ? f ?
WaW t w t w ? ? t ? ? ttWC? .gtWTR W t R 4t?w'ttTro I ?Tf?? 4 t ? W n'QW ^ t w W t ? t ? ?R t r ^ ^5lfwt? f ^ .a W t w ?
i<?<ii/<^<^<?-<^.b RC? twt? w f w W n - W ? f 'fStWC?? t?? ^tW.tC? I Wit \ol?tW t . a ? l f t ? f w ? ^TtW W W ?? I f^ ? W
t?f^ W ; R f t??f ??IC? W T | I W W I WW? ?i?f 4t?R .a?i w t f w t?tw f W R i t t ? i ^ ^ t w
af^tft 8 ( i ) W ^ - W f f ; (?) Ww-wT?lft; ( ) w ^ I - W R ' ^ , w t w w ? R^sWft ^5[fw3iW ? # m C1T W W W f ' W 4 > I w i w ?
5?;^, Indexes; ( 8 ) Wellhausen, D a s arabische w w w ? ?si?ct t ^ w t t ? t t w ? I twrstcsji fwf? f?u5 w t w ? ,
Reich und sein Sturz, Berlin 1902, 341-3; (<?) L. W R t w 'wfwtw (W) w ? t i ? w ? r 4 f , ? t ? 4 f ? w ? f f ; w w ? ,
Caetani, Chronographia Islamica, Rome 1912. WW?C4 ? 4?, W W ? J 4 ? 4? I c w w w ? Rapcw? t t ? Wapit
under the relevant years. 4? I .at ? f ^ W R t?CW W l ? t ? 4^5^? fwws W R ? ^ c w f w R I
K. V. Zettersteen (E.I.2)/s|?t^ ttWl tf ? W W ? t T ? t t f S w t ? 4t?W <jl?IC.st?1, WWW4C4 W?lt 4 t ? W
^ ^>aRl^ w n T ^ - T f t # ( ^'Q, WWCW3S ?i?it ?5t?w I w s t ? wi?t?i m mm 4t?w

I) s
W^lt 4 t ? W ^ 4ScW^ I
( W ) W ? t f t t l w ? I ?tt41Wf W?5rR'W^Tf?t'W??sRWWWt?f?
' W ? W ? t w '^W? (W) ?CW, W f ' W 4 > I W W f ? 4 . 3 W f
4 W 4t??tW? I t w R , W t t f t Rt?lff5f f?tWT t w t*1?l4
R4? W ? t ? WW t t k t %5ltCt? 1 W f l ?f%W?, W f ' W 4 > n f 4
W R - R T n f - . 9 ? f C 3 J .a4t??lf??#R?sR?rttW I ? l f ? t ? W W f
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'W^RIW mm Rtf^lt? (R)-.9? Rttw R?5C? ft?t1WR? mi .at
W ^ R 4 t f ftw t ? 4 f ? W WWC4 W R ?f?W Wt%CWC? I W f l
R l ? t w R ( W W ? t t ? WR?" 4t?W? ? t ^ <lt?VlH? I t?f
? f t W l , - W 3 ^ R 4 t f t CW ?t%CWW, C? W?RT? RtSfW?! W CW
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affWWRJ t w t ? ' w f (W)-.a? Rtt R4? 4 % l t ? ! R ? I
fw? I t w '^W? (W) ?tWPR, w s t ? W f ' W 4 > I w t w ? c w w
srtt#t 8 t ? ? ? 1 W ? Wn-'5flR?5lWf, W ^ - t t T W , tiR?
w?wf? sitcR? mi fte,w? t w w ?f5tCW wftw?, O C ? w?w?
i?lrf?., 8t., i8? I
wgwt?! ? R m ? f W R ? I W WaiRt 4? I w s t ? w t w w R 4 W
f?lWt fftff? ? ? 5 r R
.5431 ^ .a?l f ? C ^ R f ? W Rap? f W f ? R 4f?W W ? t W ? W 3

^srf^ ^sft^^T ^srfw-'siiRTf'fft (^jLîi jji)8 WWC?? 1CW j W t W C4f^ I fWi? t ? R 3 i s ? l f t f tWSS
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t t ? R I .at t t W w t ff? Rsrfw tt?f5W RiR? I twf? -5lf?t? w w w <t??lc? I t?t? 2)fwt?t R ^ t W I ^tc 1 W ? W W ? ? R 3 F
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' W ^ 'W?f?-?T?'W? t w "WWwW? t w w w w t w R R W ? 'WftR! fwf? W t ^ 4C^ ?iWR?, W?^1W. W?tW? t?lW? ^ t t ?
t w 'Wt?? t?f^-?"tt?? t w w t w t w 'Wt?? tw^'ll^*'' t w WfR ?tRWR, ft;WW at?f 4 ? 1 W f l t ^ 4C* C?Rtf 4 t ? W l ,
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wi?i t w '?n?tR ^?tW) t w '^^'Tf^ t w t?t?W t w t 4 f ? 5 t t w 4f?CVo W4tCt? fWC4 ' S f ^ t c W t ? 4t?WR .a?^ t?fw41R
t t w f t4StC4l?
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Contents
Wt^WtR?lT(m)
4RM'I I w o s i ? w t R R f w f wiRiiT "îH (?t)-c^ R ^ w^sjrm? w i m w ? mm Rf?m w t R ^ i m^ 'iiici?

1??fT WtmtnH I R R <PlC=il, WlWlA#?t? ^ 1 ? WF! RR FJl?Rbl<l (StlAIÎCI m ^ ! "
. t?ir?5 îtsm?f? ct? t F ? ?i%T t?^ 'Sm? t?^ ^?i?m (5.)
(i)-ira l i i w ^ S'si i i A l f la?^ a t t i R:=l-f?m, ^??i^ ^ . f ? . , mi^ 'wt^t % 8 ? Rm:t c? cm^mm ?Mt <>R?if|wF ^ wR
t., 8 l - 8 H f f ; (A) t ? ^ ATsn? ' S f H - ' w m - M f , W H - t ^ t m , s^ 1TCF? <pRî ?Rim H'jfi m <PR?IICA I ''immiR? SiT?Tt
Rpf? ivOAV R , 8 t . , i 8 ^ , l ^ t l T V\to; ( ) t ? ^ - W T f t ? , t w mi? t?^ m?Ti?-ia?sa f?rt? ? f R!?R I t?mSf ?nm
î^-tH, cA3TF i<^<^ R, (ft., Aff'i; ( 8 ) '^HRn-?m, î<Mif CH? stt?m? f%R f ^ t p f ^ 'mtmfwT R f
wH-tmtt'wt?, R ^ ^.1?., i ' l i v , iitn o ^ j } ; (ff) w m - s i A t f , citsR wR ?nw? A? mt ?fnm TO A ? ^?S *4ui-if tt-a
^feSltr Wlswrt^-RTAim, ???i^/St-R, At., i V V , RltTT Ai'l'^; îtAi? R ^ TOfA^ mr?5T mt ?Rim ^trmw? g?mr? R R
(to) ?sifR, wm-Rgrat ^ - R A R r t , mti(-R?R ^-^5nmf, ^^t^ m mm mt 1 Rf^ t i % F t wm-itm^m-ia? ^ ^ i ?
i i I t , '2??rs iffi/ij}v5A, t., AA; C^) cnt^, w m - (iffv/<^<^8) w?5in ic?t tRmn w ^ I
% t f S T - mrnRwT, gm. t A R l t s - ^ m f wm-'WM%, '2??i^ 'BT.f?., af^tft t ( i ) t ? F f ôt?m, wtt-R*?, 8b-A-8; ( A ) mmi,
At., ffoi; (b-) wm-'SSlRit, R m ^ - l t l l t , ' w m t ^ p l - 1 5 ^ , ? f "om^-Aimm, 1 ^ . 1. '*ti?n=i-^ti t t i # f , fii? i^ffff, 1.
1t,'??i^ i 8 o 8 / i ^ V 8 , i t . , itoi I As, I R r i ; ( ) mrin-'mm'st ^ - t i - m m f , Rm<in-'m'ftf, ito
t . , b-i-H; ( 8 ) Wtn-1t?l[?tf, st'^Stt^-'Q'Wim, 'J. Hffto; (ff) ^ [ ? #
^ T O T ^ - R n ^ (c m?m^, mft mtmRn-^tif%n-'wt?tR?it, fii? i^ff it,,
J l . U : ^ ^ 1 ) S
(to) \5s mi??5, 'mn-'îi?n-'StifA'f, R ^ , ^ . f?.,

A I M t^sr?s? 'wm mi wij"=iiA", Rgir i r a ^ " , R m
8 o ; (<^) Clement Huart, History of Arabic
mi mm?, m^-mimiT->fi? m m (Ra) i ^stm? ^ ^ t t m o i H
Literatuer, Bbimt 1966/p. 5 7 ; ( b ) 'm. 'S. 1. -ÂCnA
mR^m? R f w<m? mRim^ R C ^ H M ^ m 'ttm? I F I M '
mt?f mfAC'oJ? tfÂIR, m ^ i b ^ / i ^ b A , % Aoff; (^)
(i^^tm^^ mi) m m - R R f i R f Rsrf) -Âim^ t ^ ?5TRn-'ii?
E . L 2 , 1. 107; ( i o ) m. m. t., i t . , btoi; ( i i ) 'mn-?!^,
TO Rf? ^ 1 ? < 5 i R ^ tm^ 1 1 ^ ?sRmR!?R I m\ 'mtî's
Ri^-mmt^, 1. i t ? m f , % boA I
m?r m R m R ! ? R I ^tî ^stm? ? m rnig i o ??i? % i i
Rgir : ttm? ^ A5,?lfA1 (Clement Huart, A ia.1?.>ai: ÂWAS^^
History of Arabic Literature, Beirut 1966, p. 57) i ^sft^ "wtf^TiTt (5 L ^ 1 ) s (m), itAn;^ 'mô-xoimmf
attwf^ msf? ajA'iwt'tT TO A?, 'm?t mi^ '*ii^T mnmr? wt?% sf^t iÂiRtA i i A i f ?R!mScgt <iR?HA't I tAt?mi mRi<> t?=?
^spRr m R m m; ^5iAt? m iflt?if ^^m? m i f *mrfi? ?Rm ^ At?icA 1 tin m t t f ) -a mr^.'mA'iR
fin mi min-Tt^ ^ mr^ 'wtRmit ^tc ?'Rt mm, ?i^3^
R1% ^ ? i n < i ^tm-a wT?ff m m , m??^? f)f%fR (i)-iii? n ? m t R ? ^ <pR(.'n cm^ cm^ m m f m^^^mA
5H-ii5#t?555f ispsfmc? wnrs 4R?il|wF i w r 'rAt? <pRm mr?? (i)-c^ ^srm? ^fimm m 'rf^m? ^ m?H 1 tmr mîîirA ( R )
l A j n n t ^ A? I mi^^mmi #tAt? f ? t ^ - A H t m ? m\ *wtm'-? ?RiwF, "cmitw?m:m c^votm? cm^rrnnmnn (TifStmf R?"
Rl t a <Ff?m ( R ^ ' w t ) isj^n^ <(>R?flMF (g. f ^ m ^ - A i m m , m ?jR ?Rn, '1R 'mmw? i f t 'sr^pp aiQit^ wntA? ?W?
AJj) I aftfl^ wt?f) ?5Rm? i?^nm?eo m\ "msi'-n ^^f?m 2fAm RmcSrT 1" w^s1?^11=l?tlA ( R ) ^5!At? WTmiT? t i t i R
?t^ mm? w< ^ Rî? >i-H?iw w!?fln f&mmm? ?>RwF ii???s?? T ? ^ Rtm ^sim? m ^ ^mw w?ts}At <>RWF 1
W R ? T R tfi;?itA >a??mm m^fst^? R?s Rmo % 8 ? <t>Ri? tAi?'i? îiAir^ mm?^ ^f?m ?(nwF, "cmm? i R f t t TO W
wt?? ^ ? f ^ R?>P^ m 4R?ltA I S'ol'snt? 'si^tft^ ms RR Rest 'gR wTAt^Tfw? gn's'^ I wi? w t R m ^ Rcôfl, ^R
isiAi? <>Ri îi'î^ <)>Rc^F m; '^rm? ^Rm w r ^ '^?t? wm isft^mrfcfi? ws'fg; 1" W e s t ? ^tî^tlA ( R ) "Sit? (m)-c^
'm^f^mft ^ 5 t A i ? m^f t i f ^ i ScRttj ^f?m ?Ric=iF, "CA "Sit?! IRC?? wrsin m=m:?^ cmitc??
m\ 'wTT ^ M M T T ? s t t i m ? ^ msisR flcn^ i R ^ ' ^ - ^ m , ? ? v t ? R m ( i ^ ) m^tw.atT} ^ ?tc? 1"
'wi'Wi'f (.^t? mm RR t?gm^<'aici=^ (wr?-*(i)-.ai? t c K t ?f??nc?,TOrawf, w t T f t - ? ?i?ît?T ?fTOR, .atsR wT^rc? w w f??tf?w; w? w l i .atww

iw twm I ?t?R"G Wt? w - s w ?5f? W I W s s t ? fwf? ^ WC w? .a4 f i t
af^f^ * ( i ) t f ? ^twl? - W R - ' W W "t%T, W e T - t t 1?!, R t ? ?i? t t w ?fww?, .at'sR wiw^Tci? WW R?if?; w ? w f i
.atww w?R" CW? t??T W ? w I w f i wtf? w, W W ? w w w ?
f ^ l R T t t W l t f t ^ C?ft? fltc w f i tlîlll? l"
WfW?f%T?(?T)tWC4f?^TRsCW?f???tW?TTOW I
a t f t ^ X ( i ) t f ? ?TWR WR-'Wt?5 T W f , W R - t t TW, f i t ?
(?|) .arot? t l W f R w ? R?t .a?i wt?t? atf ?11 R .at f??I?
iO?lr R , S t . , i?.!3, tSLtIt Hio; (?) W ? - ? T ? t f W w f w
Wscs'i <)%1C^ I W f "W??! Kt? t W T t l I W?t?"Q W?t?"G ? W
W t l t t t - tT?TW, ^??i, W . R , ?t., ib-O, t^tTT ? i ? e I
wmj? ?m ' w ? f ^ t f ? 'Wf?t, W W R ? i w t w w I w f w t ,
, CWS 1IW?R^ ?4
?tt1?^ t f ? W R wt^tW Rt^tfw? 1C?T t w 4%tTW? I ?ttT?'^
?W?, Rf? ftf?W? R?WR 4f?W? I 'W?fR-RTRR t f ? W % T rt^ '^MHigli*, ^ - R s - m ^ 4111 I)
wt?tr?s f t i w ?R?tR?nft w ? i f w ? IWT t t w W?wcs? i w f t f (W), t f ? I t f W W f W * ^ t f ? ^ f t ^Stc ?feR f?<3?TW
f C t wtw? W?| I ?Tf31t? (R)-.il? #f?W?tt? f'W?' (W)-.a? ^sifttC? tf?'a?5w? t t w f fICWT I Wf'W?fw?-?t?'TO W - ? T?lf
fR4? fwR tRRTsf at?t ?srw I fwR W i f?WR I fwR (^l.-^ll) Wtw? f??J5 ^ W w f ? ?*fW ?5f?WT:?? I WT?R f r ? f
'W?f^-WR?s t f ? W?'GWt?? f5tW?tW?tt #f?w f l w ? I t W C 4 W ? f 4 ^ WIW TO W I
?P33W^ (R) t w ? (?T)'tffft-WWWT? fitft ^ t w ?"tf? ?<Rf a f f t ^ t 8 ( i ) t f ? ?TWR W s i - ' W t 4 T W f , W R - t t TW, f i t ?
?if??ltl? I iiO?b- R., S t . , i?<2--i?.!3, tltTT Hiy, (?) W?-?T?rf, WTWfR
W t W t t - t 1 ? T W , l^tWS W . R , ?t., ib^s, t?,tTT ? i ? ? I
sf^Rff S ( i ) t f ? ?TW? W t - ' W W T W f , W n - t t t?!, f?t?
CWS1TW?RW?4
i'O^b- ft., S t . , i?.!3, t?,tTt Hi's; (?) W ? - ? T W f , Wwtf^
Wt1ltR-Rl?T?T, '??iw W . R , ?t., iir^, R?.tTt î?'^ I
\t?MW fit?f^ sl?1H ?>%f ^ j . ^ . l l ) 8 w n - - ? ' t i ? ? t f ? ' w f t f ? t f ? l f l w ^ t - w t t f ,
WWR (CtTWR CWW, Dungbeetle) W t W ?sft, a i W ? W f
'srr^ 'îtRfw^ ( d j i j ^ i ) s (w), .a^w? w w f
f'tf?f W11V|RTOT ? T W f W?5f?, f . WtWCW ? f R-f?"^,
f?W? I t r o t f t t f (?) WW? t w t 4f5!lW I W? W w n - w w
'Sbh/ih W f , ib-o; W?I ?t?T?, tf?t ^5tf?f%W I ' w f
wtWsf??f&^CW?Tf??"Rt4R?)lC?? I 'W?fW?t?? t w ? (?T)
t ? f = T - f ? T t f t ? W- W t f f 'Q f ^ W t W t - W f ? ^51ft?Ct w f t - t
wtw? f??5? ? t W w f ? I^^tf^ t W R R fwcw? I f?WR ( W f w ?
W t T O (V, HO 11. ?ot.)-.a? lew ?S>oAo5--.!3; &?(? (tWT.
^f?wtR?t?) ^ WW? W i t w w f?f^ W W ? , t w t ?It?JlC? I
Flugel, i T S pu.)-.a? ic oov/s>?o-i) wwif (f.,
wtWS f ? f t w w W ? f%^ W"?t ?1? W I
w ? - ? i w , f'wtf^-fwRf?, St., ?'^, n. 1)-? ir ?b-Âo? I
ftf#f ? ( i ) t f ? ?TW1? W R - ' W t 4 T W f , W n - t t t?!, f i t ?
WW? t t T O W W - ? T R ' f " t f ? f ' l f ? f C?t? f p s t ?T?i5
i ? v f t . , St., i S i I
WIWT
CW8 W S W ? ^ ? 4 .oii/S>?o ^5tc t? W ? W f w ? 0. W?1Tf) WR^#}?5
(W) w w f f l w ? ; f?tWtW? W ? ? C t t W?Iffl ? t W WTTt 4f?C ff? W?T ? ? I
W t T O ?lRtf?5? WIW W? W I ?1Wf f W?lfw? wifRW? wt?t? W I ff? ? t T O f*Wf?W Stfwf?f?W? tf? C?TWTRlt ? w ?5f?T:w?
twtW??tC?? I t W l W?'TO-.a? ft'IlW WTTO fHWt^ ?Tf?f& RtWW C t t t1? '^RSTTTR W t w ? froi1-.a W f Wf11 ( f .
?Rw i5t?tW s . a w wt??5 t t w f (Wtlajt ^^tw.^W? ?f?'f .0?i/S>OO), f ? T ? ^ Wtw? f ^ t f ? tTWW? tft TO^R
WTWW O I R T I W t 1 ? ?5f?W? 1 fwf? WtR 4Tfwcwf?W? I t ? t W 4 R : ? I ff? afTO Wtwcwt ? t ? i t W?cw w c ? R .a?t cttttc?
WTTOT ?fWR?, "C? W f 'W?fwW?! Wtff? 4lRci?'l W?? W ^ - ? T T O W R - W ? f ( f . oSo/S>e?; ^ G A S , i t . , 8SS)-.a?
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Rft CWITO f i t ? ? t W l" W f W?fWW? W W R ? , W, f ? ^ WR-tT?TTW ( f . W f . .ooo/SliO 5.)-'a? #?TR? CtRWCt
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Wl? Wt^tW ?1IW R?llR W W ? W W ^ T WITO TO ^!us ^ (a.)-? 4l?l<lf TOT ^ C4CnWfR ? ? R ^ W f Wf*tC1? f w i T O R
ttwf f4^C?5R
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Contents
?oi Wf "WftWlt? W=T-?lR'f
sffw f*wtf?%>i? wn m^ *ftti?i <?m, î^stfl^c W t ? R f^ttTtW? W:?T tlt?lf?W't W?RTW t?f'-^'RtW W-^TOTTW
fitR % ^fl, t f f R - % t % 1 (?1o-?v!}/trb--Sib- 5.) f?n? (.s-8ii/s.88-io?o) mi w f ? WWT W f ; w f w
W t T O wnttora fifUQ troit^TO W T O wtTOT t?f?fara t^f? W?-Wtw?s f?R-W?RS (8o-8?8/S.ei-io)-C?s ?tWW f R W
WT I w r W f 'w?fww?? w T O i ^ ^Hi'ti^.aiw t?1|w w:^ t w f ??J?tti|W - ^ w a W t ^ ^ R WtsW W?fTR? Wtt? W < ? ? 5 j 5 ^
wf 'W^fpT-WtfTO-.ira W t t f , WirgfT-tl^TOt, tWT, ff'WW (^. Madelung, Der Imam al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim,
Wtww, ?e, f.; W ? t f f R - f f W W l , w l ? l 4 T ^ - f ' W t ? W , 'J. Berlin, 1965, i l l t . ) i
ioe, 11, iff t . ) I wtTOt*trosWft-?*TTOWT-W?f WlWtf W t ? R i|.o<||cw? RRtfw UW^ W f Wf^^tTR?RW?nR?f?W?
WRfW-W'SW (^^^-eVfeSS-vJsH)-? tttw RW?s 'Wt? WT:? a f T O W?t R l f ? R t w 'W?4tTR? R f ? W WTW? ?f^ I
TOW t?tw t^trro W W & # 4 ^ 1 W ? CtTO f ' S i l R D W a t t w f 8 H/seb- WTR fW?Tf5W-W'aTO Rflw fwf? ? W W t T O WTR?,
1%?R (^. WW'^-tl^TOT, ?4), 11. t.) I Wf5-?"tTO t?W WW Rlt?R t w 'W?TO-.a? TO W f ? R RfW> W ^ I fwf?
W^-Wff (.SSo/Jse?) ?|VjWtCt W^hN ^?tw W f ' W # W ? W ? R l t ? R t w '^lMIWW ?W? |i? t W f W - f ? ? i W Wsf 'W?f'
W t T O f ^ t t W?TO1? t w ? wft4 WWTW? WTW? WtTO (^. ?t5tW W t w W1TO I t?f ?t?WflR o.!}.!sA>H4) RfW WtW t ? R f ^ f
w f t t W t w w , iot., .see, 11. 8t.) I w ^ f f WTR W f ; ?t5f t? ? W fWfTtfW-W'SW R l f t ' ? W TO R?iR t f ? TO
'W?twW?? ftRfSw ??1ftt f w W T O t w TOT ^f&w W WW??? TO I fwf? W f ; 'W?fwW?? ?R R S , a m twfw?
W W C T W^WTf ^t?Tf|t f.aW?f W?fTW ^5(fj}^ m^
1 2ttwRf5t ^ t m ? W k w WTRR CW? mi w w w tfWC??
WW twf? .at W5WwR ?j?TO ? # T : W ? , f r o t w ? w oo8/s.8e TO ^ T f R t w f t i f ? (S.)-m f w ? C2Rt ? 3 T R ? f?f? .il4t
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W W t ^ 'Sap^ WsTS |W?W# ' ^ W ^ I twR ftffW-W'STO wft, ?o?, l l . o t . ?ob-,

W t W f R-'e?ff?f??,RW. 11.4)
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I TOf??
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w t ? ^ W r o f t w wf?sT:w i t R
5o)-.a? wsfsf? WW ^c??, f?f? (5.)-C4 WTW? ^ f w W f f fwcw MRS ?? f?t? TO TO-.il?
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^TR f r o f t W f ; "w^fww^ t f t t R c w w.aw 4c?? (^. wwif, W w - W a f f ^bo/^Hi TO t f J W - W W 4W4 f?f*fS t W T O
is.? apu 1.) 1 fwf? W?f ^ w l ? 5 t ^ (pretender) Wf^ t w w m R^?w t t 5 t T > wi?ic4i cwf%tT:w ?ttw ^ t 4t?cw
' w ? f w T ? f;?'tww t?f?^-?iw? (oo8-es./S'i"^-'io)-c?5 ttc?? I ? W W?TOttC4 wfTO f w ? t t ? t WâW ?tct?=l W W
.ilW^WTTR t t l ?tWl f ^ TO mi ^Sh/ii'bo WW. fwf? . i i ^ f f t f t c t ? w, t ? f ^ - t t % T - ' ^ wwcw? sfât (^.
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^WWRttWW, (^SlHt iS.18, 0<l?, 11. 16 t.,WfWlf, ib-b-, b. wtw? tr:^ RS? ?? Rtt f ^ t? I WTWTR5 WTW?
ito; tw t?tW, t f W ^ - w T f w , WWt?5 iovo/iStoi, b-8 ult. WT-?t?f? '^fW (4??tt?)-cw WT4R ?RT ?? WTW? wwcw I
ff.) I W t T O >at oe.i>/s..!s8 WtR ? W W ^ - W ? f f%-fRw? WfWTO t W W w 4C?? f ' W f ? # '2?W4?t W f ' w f W^-?tt?f
twf? TOt 4t?w f?wi;?5 fw?-.a t r o ?t5iw cTOtT ^ t r o ? w w (?V.!!i-tl/Soo-b-t) ? f ? R fTOf?t ??t W b-o-? C?5fiR ( ^ .
W f 'WftWW? CWt^tTR?, fwf? f?CW W 5 l - ? t ? t - . a ? tîStR WWTO W t f ^ W t T O , b-t., t o , 1. iS, 18 1. ?) I

Wtw f?'{fw ?tCW bI?t?lH?'t I ' W f R f t W?W ^srtwWtW ? j t ^ W f ?1?W W f , '*ll?fw?ll?C4 t?=f 4t?WW W, C?W t l t ? R
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f?5^ f r o t WTTO ?1^?f4 w:? w w f flw? W, wT?tTR? ? T ? W W l T O t f W ' ' S t t t ( i t . , i8o, 1. t.) W f ' W ? f w W ? ? ^
WtTO t ^ wtw R?WTR? t f w t ^ M r ? ^stw wt^tw ?w 4C? ^t?at fSart?? 4f??llC?'f s ?swt2Rt f?5^ W?,TOCt f t f t 'H
(% W?-RtR4 f ? R - W W , W t - t W W -f WtftfSlR WtWtWR-WWt, WCWWm f?îstR, t w w IRfWf-CW^t, f ? 5 ^ '^sfftff tw? sffw
Ms. Leiden, or. 8404, tat -bot., ^ et.; W t - ? l f ? 3 R frotww, ?f^s^?R?5fitw??T?ww f w ^ , t t w t w ? 5 cwtfc?? w w ^
W5t-ÎEWf?a}cttro R?f^w? R??=f O I ? apu. t.) I WR f%t? WTRtf, f45 W R TO, W f 'WffwW?? f W ? W t t ? W f W t W
t t w f f?'^CW?
t.f?.%/?>!
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Contents
i i . > 1.; i A , , 11. i>9 1.; i 8 o ; 11. vs 1.) I m^- ( ^ j )

' g ; A W i wTn-<3if3fit R n ^ t mR't R?R? W R iRsjft mtr^ RRf ^ t F wtwtR ^raR mt I R R
'iRmtt RylR,wH {% t w t , i t . , i S o , 11. i o t . A t . , i i a - , ^ t ^ - m m n m R t w t iit 'm:tR stR wRRt.^sR^s^ (R^
11. i o t . ; W t t n t ^ , . A i , 1 1 . a-t.)-'at ^ t l l ? WT^-AimR 'Sm? (m) 2 t t i R : ^ t i m i atAt ?#mR?R â?? 'wi# (m)
ciwicsiii(is ^wîstF ^tr 'SiKsîwttAR'^mf S^'fnfiR^RmARmR^R (^. Aiimf,
Srf t 't^RstCA'H (WltRRs, AoA, 1 1 . t . ) RtAtW? w R ^ ^ l t "m^Rm, i>A uit 1;) I ' -
t'EllllW?'^ Aio, 1 l . i A t . ) , S l A i C r s I W R R w R ' ^ t % m 'SaHi'SH \sr^5 \^tAR t k wWA Rf 1 tm lilt ^m^rt (R,
#r?n 'ijRjlA^ mm ms, ^'mRnf 'o "RRs 1^ llftt'oi ^lAlCî? 2tR^ t ? ^ - t t % f R msmw? w^mft wHn-Aim5T 'wt# t ? ^
mi ^ffRs A? mt I '.'m%T Ritsmg (^mm^^-miR^)-<ira w ?stR wFf-^Mi iSl. m'*fR?5 wtn-wift'^'-ia? mmmw? (R)R^m
mgR ^ ^ m R r ôiAR R m ; t ? w wi^'wRRmA? w f t r ^ R i s R ?5Rm wTRfr^R^R I lilt msmw? w^'R Rn w R ^ m
?Am 'tfent mm mti:^ mra i W R liit R ? ? T ? R W R mg<p Rmc? Rar'W ^gRmg (a priorism)fe.-m^s^ff, Wttm?5", Ao;
siAR! tRRs ?tm ^ f e i R ? R ^ttmw? w mr| tiAi?5' wmrWtft"^' ^^rac^S. van Ess, in Isl, Xlii (1966), itoS 1.
t?mtii t^.'wi^ wH-mfft ('J. ^m^sfR, -smmm^, mm. Vajda in SI, XXiv (1966) ii* 1.11 Wt^ 'WRR?11A
îmtm^sfNs* ^m^R, m'RR i s i o , i a - s t . ) mm mriAimR w H - ^ ' i ^ R Rm^-m'Rm-? i m w i M i T f R s ar? ^?m%
W R ; "wRRmA? atR wirmt ^^Rm? C5tf -îRmwr (^. wt^^tm^", fmH. m^'Rf-m'Rm f)n at"? R^m^-m'R^FR m m n
A i A , 1 1 . a-t., ?tr W R ; 'wwRfsiiA wH, îmsiH i?m^m:t? ^sRi .i?.?^^ mm mt, tAfc Rrsf - s i ^ R^cmwF
wTn-m=jRft-? wTmrra cstRc) i w ^ , . RAR, mm. Fiugei, iaff, u. 8 i.) mm
'WRgn-'SiRTRR? R% an:? (R WR?.tJ S ^ "jRslCA ' w R ^ - w R m ? . RmiR- m'twt '^tAR R t m ' m ' ^ "
gnvo (RtsR ^c w R ; "WRRWIA^ R^sflm t p " ! ^ <pRc\s i m^1^m-irRmatc?a}At W I ^ (Â"tR^-^s[mf), cto'^, 11. i o
^ 'wRRp-'gfRm? wtRs.--f?r^ vstAR R ^ wt^ 'WRRWIA? 1.) I ^5tAR ^ f f ate?? i A t . , i i 11. iJi l.-C^'S af?i?
TO iRs?ns ^5tc m mRm 'iiAR R<i^ t r t f R R mm . m\ At?icA 11.1-f ate? wFJi'iJ ?^'?tCT S^>s ?sm mn i
, Ao, A t . , Aa-% 1 1 . 81.) 1 'WRgn-TSfI?Rm WT^ R3m^-'S5jiaf?i?î-f ( i A t . , Aff, ii.:ito)-c^ i t m r ?
" W R R W ! ^ StRRc jpôRiR ( d i c t a t i d r i ) - i 9 ? mAtWslAR SRRs At?icA I R?5"ff m m t n R?i2pr3 w i m m ^R>f w R R
ar? RititmRR^ 1 w r i ' w R R f i A i^ R H R R mftus A i m ^ wiR-^t?%t R^mm ^tr R^ m c i R t ?st?^ i 'sr? ?^
mtmw tiRc^ . wi5j-AiRm wH-'ip^,mRA-'^-'S^, R w R R R TstAt? Ri ***<:* w R z ^ ?#m RstRR^ ?Rim I C F
11. a-t.) I w R g n - w r ^ R f T ^^tAR i1*f a t ^ R ^ m w A? I 'stm? cm cm mo ^ s n ^ - ^ T i H îstr 'Jtt'*' ist wRRs?
WR, WT| ' W R R U A ^ t i T flRa (^. A o , A, AffV, 11 .V t . ) I S ^ w ? P i A S m t ?sm A t n t T A i ^ w r ^ ^STAR
wt^'wRRgiA? ( R i R w p ' j ^ s^tjisF ciltiT'Q R r w R m i iii?piM SRR At?icA I
m:A i w ^ t r
R R jjRff^ ^"wr m?*fRR CT csR? 5R? w?m?m ^^Rmc?^, R R 'ttAR cm c?sR 1 ? . ^ i t m mm i ? ? ^ ??.tsRitT?p
(R R t r ^wRsicfeH I ' i i w # o 'wti i^Lc) - t p T "
(RRRRTOR isRi ^. t^^-^famgt, ^ w i ^ - l ' ^ o t R m , i o i , ( ^ u ) t ^ ' (f^Lî), R R K R ? t f i ^ ( ^ u u I Uc), wttm?
11. <t) I Wt^ ''*)HR?IIA< Rf^ R f ajJfRo ^ ' ^ A'lf AI^CAsI S'R, ( JLL^. I), mit c^.nM I) [mm ?A ivmjjRw? RrmRm m:^>s
*iiAicHsmmm^-'wRH ( J L ^ V I <.i J I J-O =^tnt?% ^nm)-? fR?r RRâtc?it'S?t mn;i[i-f, i^<, wt<pr-^Rm wm-mif (g.)-?
afTRTt R(:^'f wvfts, 'wT^ (m) w r ^ m ^ {in)-m mim^ ^"miR S^'^RM-^RH^'A R ^ ) ; j # m H mtigflr
?R5 S^-^-Rp^'A RRC? i9tiT im^sp-A? m t ^t?t1 iii?5l? af?
f s w ^ "?fmTR ?sRmR?R I vat R R RS?P5 WIR-t*14l^
C^. A8o/b-a-8 ^.yn ^ ajAt ^Rmr^ >iRi ^ I A I W WT^ ' W I # (Ms. Vat. arab=. 1100; ^. Levi Delia Vida. Elenco
wM-'s[??tt? i ^ f w i M i ?5R:^ ^^mcA I w ? t j -fg^ RR w r ^ del manoscrittl, i8ff 1., and Madelung, Qasim
ibn Ibrahim, iii* 1.) i Wltw? ?3ttjR Sis wt^ 'wt?RmA
A t R t o R R R o armm msmRi I R A R ^Rmc^ (^. 'gt'f, ô,
i t . , îto, 11. q f . ; :1:3.1s 11.tof . ; : i 8 i 11. i'l 1.; Ao, A t . , cu. ^jR55i at? ?n5m <t=R?K.AF ( R t ^ R R icm ?IA?ICA R s m ^ - S ^ m
i A o 11. i o t . ; i A A , 11. O f . ; iA8,11. 1 f . ; iAff, 11. 8 1 . ; i i .
R m ^ ^f^-c'i-^vom (^. imr'^n-fRmn, Ato, i. A O ) ;
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Contents
W f 'w?fefe WÎ-H^ff (w)
2ttt#t s w t f w t , t t f ? 8 ( i ) . ? t f :'W?ft-Wt?TO,
? W ^ - t ' M M , o?<t t . ; (?)-.^ C t W , w t ^ t ^ W t W t ^ - f f Q W ,
fwf? < 1 l ? I V S L S F ? 5 , T ^ f f i w 4f5lllC?-t 'WffR-WR?1?,, t W t . W f f t - W f s i t ? T O , <hi.%,li. i o t . ; ( o ) Abu Rashid,
W5T-f?1W; t W t . W # , ? O I > Ib.'io t . ) I t f r o t W '?mjW in A. Biram, Die atomistische Substanzenlehre
wr5H'-.a? W W ? f w o f % R , W W ^5rf<4w? w W T W t wWt aus dem Buche der Streitfragen zwischen
W%?rtflri 1 CW? W f f t C W ? '5p!C4 w w ? w?3t ?5C? w,-???. Basrensenm und Bagdadensem, Berlin 1902, ? t
?t? tw? SICWW?' W T ? t . C?S?t ct tw AT?=T ?5C? (5. G t O , f W ?; (8) t ? f 5 f - f ? W W l , W - t T O T g t - f W l w f l , i o ( t t . ;
Hourani, Islamic Rationalism, Oxford 1972, ( e ) w f t W t T O , b-t., t o t . ? l 8i(t.o (WW? t t ? R 5 ? % [
95) I ? t ? ^ ^ f ? R <3 W f Wf*tlf?W??5i?cro,.WPf?W?f4i^ t f f P - W t < 3 f , f f W t W ' t l , trt.,- i o i , ??, i o i t f ? ? l W t J ,
^tw CW? w ? f w f?5 fflwt W f W W f??tf?w ?? t ? T ? . f w t t f 5 f - f T O , ?,oo.)j, 11". B t . ) ; (.JJ) W f w f , ' w t ? 5 f l W ^
ilHft-* W W t f l W W ( f W W ? t t ? '^t?t-W5\o?W^^.Wî Wtff5|w-Wtwf i f??'^, g . W t - W t f ; ( a ) f w f , w T ? t 4 T p t -

t?.?f5w. i S t w f??t'W W ? ) t W f ' W f f w t ? f?CW4 f4lW, t W t . 'W??1t, ???iw iS>.to, i 8 o , pu. t . (WW? t t ?
W ? t l ? '2t?=T ?sc??. . 8i f .)l |f?Wf? f??T5I W T ? L ? f ? 4 % I . t f f t - t r o , W?1?t^-?'1TO, t . , .bb-, 11. S t . ) ; (b-)
W?W W?f? fitfw f t w t t T?-.I? Wt?J fwf? ^gW?^ ? S | ? ? T C ? ? .3??. t f f w R l - < 3 ? T W , . W - W t ' W f t ? ^ - f f f W , ? t . , ÎFYO, ? i i 8 o
w i T O w t j 4 f w w t%?ncw WCWWT ?5!?WCW S W % ' W ? ^t?1 ( ^ 5 f ? W s W f t - ' W W f^fellWC?); (S>) t f f ? - W f t , f?p?ra, t W t .
Wff W?t? WWW WWtC??'2??W (^^1?f*fB,?TW#t W5WW) .3??, Flugel. i 1 8 , II. ? i t . (fWt?nfltCW? -siCIT) ^3 côb-11. c^.^ t .
f W ' W f ? ? R W ^ f w R W ? f f?W ? W W C ? <3 t w f WoWCW? (W1WR? WttJ); ( i o ) Wf_ ^t?n? WW-W<3iff,
f?C?tf?wl? ^ ? 5JC? *Rcso'L (^. f ^ ^ f w , ? O I R pu. t . ) I a f f w W t W f W - < 3 W f ? t ? ? , t W t . w 1 ? # , Wfsit?? iliba, i.00 t . ; ( i i )

?iw?a? C T O I f ^ W t f 5iw?tw? w g w f f ? w ? 1 wc? 4fwt? C t t 4 , W t - t l W ' ? M - f W ? 1 W , i t . , i 8 o , ? t . , , i i ^ , ot.-,
C T O ! w t w ? ?Tf^W5 M*!^ f f H R t T C ? t f B f ^ ? W ?1? I W W ? i o ; ( i ? ) t f f W 1 ' f R ? f , W - f i ^ - ? l f t ^ , W?C?t ioSb- f t . ,
WT?t? f W F # g|%?5t? R f ? f?C^ ' S l f ^ ? ^ ? ! ^ V|vo<^|Cl,<l 1% TLTWLS-II- 8t., i o e , U . i o t . ; ( i O ) ? T ? f f , R T O ' W ' W f 5 R - f ? t W , Wt..;
?#?nr?? I ^?tctf?/^l?cw wT?t? t w c w b w C 4 f ! f w ^t?ic? f t ( i 8 ) t t w f , w ^ - ? t F l | t?si-<3wwra ( w ^ . ) ; (i<t) f^ra^f,

R R g w R c t?f?-w<3W% w ? - ? t f (^. R?(?, i le, U. o .snst.wWTi, At.,'A'W>; (i4>) R s i t t m I ' s t f R - f W l l ^ , s t . ,
t.; i 1 8 ult, t.; iiebi,?) 1 ?^?lf ?T?<TC?5 .flvStt?!? tcRtCt ^3 ?1 (<3 S t . , iS> W ^ T O f ^ WlatRJ') 1 ; ( i l ) M. Horten,
W ^ f i w t W C W b ? H ?5W 1C? ?lfIW f ^ ^ftc4 few? 4 W F t ?Rlt Die Phlosophischen, Systame der Spekulativen
W W W??ItC5? w f ' s r l ^ - i s l ^ , *tt??W-Sf^' Ptcl-WlW, <t8br,
Theologen im Islam, Bonn 1918, SS^s t , ; (ib-) W.
II. i i . t.; f t ^ ' , 11. i e f . ) I W f 6 T - 4 l f t 1 W t - ? t t f Madelung, Der Imam al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim,
T S ? W ^ t T O i 1 t f T W ^|;C?5? f??FC^ W?-WfC4<3 WT2Fit Berlin 1965, f ? ? ^ 5.; (iJ^) t ? ' t t ? 'W??rt, in W t -
W I W C W (^. f ^ ? l w , i i c t , i t . ^3 Abi Bakr, Rhagensis W??1?, iJ>t. (iS>.i)^), ib-S> t . ; ( ? o ) H. Busse, Chalif
opera philosophica, ed. P. Kraus, i^bl t.) 1 fw1?^[WiF und Grosskonig, Beirut 1969, SoS> t . ; ( ? i ) . G.
(. iuiym TOtt 5}?=f ?sc?? w t I f ^ W 3 ? , W I W wtf? w, c? Hourani, Islamic rationalism, Oxford 1972, f ? < ^
R S W ? f W ? W W f?Ct? 'Ift?' (, i U I ) ?f5lW i<C<Ml ? W ??, 5.; (??) J. Peters, God's created speech, Leiden
Wtw ^t? ?siw? *R?ct? ? S T ? t ^tw nw f%W (^. f t "f, iot., 1976,R?^5. I
<h% II. i e t . ^3 i e e , 11. 8 t . ; ?tW^ f t ^ t ^ f w t w t w ? J. Van Ess (E. I. 2 ) / f i ? ? t ^ ??5IR
f4Vi>lf1-^l>}1l? ^ t i w ' J f w , i S t . , .fa?, 11. i ? t.-t?) I fwf?

^ *^5rKfwin^ ^-"srrr\"tt ( < i j i i r
^ I t ' ^ l f ? f % w t f t - f 1w?-.9? ? f ^ . f R c 4 'ta? ?#?rt7:sir
W t - W f w 4 f?t-W?!4. tww't, tat ^ o ? 5 , 11. ( t t . 'Q w f 8 ( W ) .iI4W? t t ? t f f?CWt I t f ? W f W W t T O t e s t
' W ? f t - W t f T O , W ^ I - f f w . , 0 8 8 , II. 8 ; ^ s ( f ^ W ^ . ^ T f ^ 4RWC?? I WtTO f ? ^ ^ t W ftwf^fw ?lf?!? f?'eWWw 4 W
W5r-ia[Wf, i ? , 11. i t . c?wc? -m-m tR?C^ w w (ali) ?t?lc? I fwf? ? c w i , " W f t ? f " W f t ( t ) - C 4 W t t W f?Wf?,
tf^cw ttc?; R. Mc-Carthy, the theology of WWl?a ?1W? fW?ttW t t w W t t ? C? ?tW? W f p t f?f?w i?? W W ?
alashan, Beirut 1953 ? i i ; t , ??J>) 1 t f | f ^ f??c? fW5? W t ? t W C 1 ? W W ? W W W T O ?#?t CW? 1" w t w ? # ? f
f ? T L ? ? ^5if^ 5jci? t w ? t t ? T TO I tWtW?f?t*t?f?5^WIWTOW I
ttwf f?'^(35l?
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Contents
?o8
r?f#t S (i) t w wtwt? W t - ' W W M l f , WT-tWt?t, 1 w Wt-t?1W? ( t W - ^ 1 ^ ' ^ ) - ' ^ 'flt^ îfwtftw WW I ?Si/tr^?
io?V R., St., i?.!j, t?,tTT Si?; (?) Wl?-Wt?tft, WîftW TO ttWWtct tWC f W W - ? f%5 t?,tT4 ?sintll? tit
WWltt-Wt?lW, '2??iW W.R., ?t., ilro t?,Wt ?i ? I wtw? ttW. ?C? wtwtw? tt?w fwf? f W W t t ? ?5C??,
(WS W ^ W ? ^ ?4 C?ttIC? Wl?tW iS w f ' ^ - W W t , ?b-o/o IrÔ Wf?Ct

cfcw I ff? attCt ttf4-.ai? tf^^C? 5f<piH ?TW ttc? Wtt?
^ '^fH^K ^' ^ ^1) st w
?5t?R I f^^ f w t w cttartft?? m^ wt W f 'W?fw?t??
wtw, l i t " W f T f m^ ??tt? CW4 t?5W I twt? i8e/s.!}?-0
RîîlMt ?5lTOI wt?tc?5 WT?t? at?t? ?if?tt? Îf <liC tt?t^3f?
TO % I W W ' W f t ? (tw?) tWtftI f ? T W W tw''^'t^twW?
4?t ?? I ctttic? fwR wt?t? w t t ^ fc? fc? ^ ?5t?cw tic4? 1
(W?-W?5f?-?lf4?Jl)-.a[? tfw W^.W?^T3? t??5Wi lt?mtWo
fw (Ctt3l) wT?t? atR Wft ?.s?t? fwR wT?t? f??5C^ WtWift
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t ? W ? Wo4 tfWtftW ftf? W S R t (?Vi/ô? ?S>o/S>oo)
t f w wt-w?f iet>/ii<?-'53 TO ^si\<$ ^ w W W ?
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?5t?CW
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W t f w R t T O ? t ? fwR wtw? at?t? w f t ? WW? ^fwt?-.a
wtj m t w w ?Tf^ C W W t t ? ? 5 ^ srw*t W ? w t w w t l c t ? I
^HtoR 4C?? <m% .itt t t ^ ^^t?t? t ? ? f faF?t-4WCt? at?t?
tfw? W t t W W ? ttCWSf ?'S?t? t ? twt? i-Jsvo/S 1S)-lro TO W f
c?5cg t R t w ^ 1 ?b-JI>/io^ WR twsj w t - w ? f ' t w ? F W ^ (g.)
't?t?tww?-'5? t c t l i t ? ? , t4^ twt? W5IW w c ? t ?
Wf'w?fww?-.a? tflw ftftw ^5t?t5 TCRFCt ff?w ?tcw t w w
'Wf tf ?fCW? attw W[4WT atW^ <>fSc ttC?W I WT?f? atR
4C?? I f4^ fwR ftfwtwtttcw Wit? ttcw w?j w I ctttic?
t f w ? TOi^ CTR?Ct? t^^tt t i t at?t? W?t I W ? WT?f? .at?it
Wl?tC4 -mm% ?S?t ?? I W f 'W?fwW?-.S? WW Wft-'W<Mlt
WMCt? W??tf UWC? t fw W t - W ? f t ? W t ^^Riw? I ??W
f?|'i||W f f ? t?1t-.S? tftw flWH, WfWfCW? wc ?W tCv5? I
.gw f ? tw? c?, tfw wtww tfw? t?ti^ 'Wftf m
Ws8t? W f 'WffwW? WfsF, ^ffW (i.h'O/tôb) . w t ?t?
? j t ^ w t w ? w ^ t J K ? Rf!? W?W C W T O ?jf%C4 ^ W T ?
Rfiifsjl ^srfwt? W??l? t ? wt? Wtgt-.a[? fc^ w f w mi f t w t
t r o t CW? I R f twf? ^ ?jR?i twt?t *ilt?l? "SMt W ? w cw? i
WttW w t t ?SC?? I fwR W? Wf?1?'-.S? f w 5 W f W f ttticw?
t?t atW*t ? ^ t ? fwf? lit? t w ?tcw "S[tWt?w ^ W?tWC?
t?tfww ?sc?? mi ?ttfwftw www _RfWl? W R ?
f ? R ?? I W o s w ?f?Ff?-?Tfw 4^?5 t w R f R a f t ^ ?? I
(?S>lj/ôJi>) 1 Wo8t? ? W fwR t^ffrojt? at?t? R5? W t - T ? f ^
tcWtC?! f w R t ^ < R ; c t W ^ t W W? 1 WT?t? ^siR^ ?rtlW f ^
(Laribus) Wtt WR? (?o eii||^TM-Wf5t?1, ?s>.!j/iS> W^, Ji>oS>),
C?? Wl?lC?s tw? Ca|?t 4?t ? ? , C?tlC?fwt?tS?W ilrJ>/lro?TO
WW w t w f wf?R?rtwt5W?w?5WW2^cw tw???sc?? i W f
tRwt ?sc?? t t?w fwf? ' w ? ? l f "wft%w? w:?T w ^ t R
'W?fwW? i WWR, ?^Vi* W^, io^ TO w t w f WWMtfcw
t r t c ? ? f R w i ^ ?5Rrtf|!?R I w ? ?1w t?t t w ^ ttc4 WW
atc?R W?? I f ? WW Wft-'^l<WltC4 f?w atRf?R?n:t ?lfIW
"stct ?fw;w ??, t ^ t w c ^ t wi?t? WW |?t f?t'^??5 f i t ?l?t?
Wf'W?fwW? ffwtWtW-.a[? t t ? W3!Rt "mft?! tww:^ ^^
ftwc? f w R ttww ^ I
W?? I Wo8t? tttt ?o w f t t - W f ^ , ?S>l/'! Wf, iio RW
rtt^ 8 ( i ) WT?tf, f??^; ( ? ) w i ? i % t f , w t - t ? t ? t ?w-
f?wf? c?cR Rtwtwicw sfc?t w ? ? mi W f 'W?Rf[t?
f w ? , ?siww is>oir 'J. i i s - i ? ? ; (o) t w WflW?, t i t r t
Wft-'W??ltc41"^ twc? ^fRw ?sc?? 11^5^ wttwt?tc3 W W "G
VSo; ( 8 ) t W R - f ^ W W W - W t - W t f (Derenbourg), %
wtw? Rf^^Wf WttCWT? W:W WofS?W cww CW? I W R i
?(to-(t, ? ( t i ; ( e ) S . Moscati, Orientalia, 1946'^.,
1pr-1?^, ?<v/ oi esprit, <ii Wet t s ? WW t?? w i
164-7.
atttiit 8 ( i ) afsw allWt^ istt t??f.^fw?ttwcw? WW
S. Moscati (E.1.2)/ -g^tWW t t W t t f
W? m^ tsR Wt-?5Tf Wf-f'Wt-.a?attttR 08.!/S>(2-1-V
^ '*lMfiig|l^ ^ - ^ * ^ ( ^ , I I <dJI ^1) s TO ttf^tw RtWW afiftw Wf 'W?fwW?-? f???f W5W
Wt-^tt?? t w ^'WWtw f?1WW t w W?tf??Tt, ?5W R^ll?^.alC? t!^ tlt?tC?; (?) t?t Wt-W?s*ff? W R - f W W t W
W ^ - f ? ' w i f w ?tct tf?fbw t t c w ? (?w ??, fwR t?lcro T ^ ?t?llc?, W[. E. Fagnan, Centenario Michele
'5?wtft? ?T ?twt? tf?w*R f i c t ? ) , t.s? w R ? t c W t w f W t ? Amari, i, 35 t . ; (o) f t tzt^ m fWRW? WWiR
aitw^ ?sc?? I fwf? WfW-ss? ^5[R4if f l w ? I f^ t?tC4 t t W t f t W f W - f ? t f f R , t f f R - W t ? R , e t tc? aftWC?; ( 8 )
WCWTO C?ttWt? 4 f ? ? t ? t ? t?iwc? cart?w ??, c?tlc? f w R t ? f ? - W f 4 wtw? WWCW t^fRRTt tR?lCt Wf-f'Wt-.a?
WW? ftW?Rf ? t t t?tWC?? t t 1 l * f f WCWTO? at?t? W ? f ? ? ' R R W[?Rt W??tf|ct? (g. Wf-f[?T?f? T ^ ?rfwfDf?
ttwf f?'SC?t?
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Contents
W f "Wft t w mm w t - w p T i t (?t) ?o(t W f "Wft t f ? wt?? W t - W ? t T S t (?t)
W t t ? ? ' ^ t y R "tea? " i s ? ^ ; ^ J . A . Selvestre de %51W 4t?W W f ^ W ^ ( t ) fttWWR? ? ^ ?#c

Sacy, Expose de la religion des Druzes, 1, P. t t w I ?|5i.^?ll? (t)-.a? t?TRCt ^l-ttT^W?) t t I?IC4 ^
Ccccili; ((t) t ? f RKfT atf W5l-?5t??1?1?-.il? t R W C ? ?t?t ?STR I W f " W f t TF? wtw (W)-'a T ^ tWfi? fiTR? I
tfft-Wft?, Irt., t . , W?-f[?t?ft, Wt--sfT4"ftft, Wf?^-fttf? TW? (W) T ? v j H (W) w t w w ^ ^ WW?t
Wt-f4lWt, Fagnan 8S-(t, .bS-sv-.I? t ^ f w t f ? W?fw W T O W f f?TWt WR? I ?1F3[W? (t)-.a? Rt? wtw?
^ t w Wt?T ?T?, R?f*tt WUI? tff?-?Tft4-.I? ^ t ? t%1%%f I. ^tttf^ (RTt TLT?lfl=1 I ? t f ^ W ^ ( t ) WT?tW .a^ttt? Wl^ atW?
ijt?itt Wf-fW?-.a? f??etRf? ttRtW? RTTOf t R W C T ? af?t? W w l f l r ^ R uPtWW (R, TWT? ^Wrrot 4t?TR WTW (Rtt ?ft!R I
srStt St?!!:? ail?g ?? [W?'a ^. t f ?TOtf^(Vonderheyden), 1; w s t ? Wt?R 5WT?F?R W ? (W? Wf??t ^ W I W?WT t?R
t f ? ''tltf?, Hist des Berb., At., (toS> t . , TOs'ltf, - R s l w , ^-WftT'itît?tf^t?tflRt fRT?te (RTSfw??lWtltc? I
it., 8S>-eo, ?t., i o t . t f ? t # 4 1 ? , t?.tn i S i ] I W?T?-.I? Wf^-f'fstf? T^lR TW "WPWR (5.)-.a? ftWW
f???<=f (?1?t t f ? t?tft-? W5r-?ltfR-ffR?-.iI? t??F?ef5ifT:? W R W f1? Wft ^tW W : ^ I T?5W (W) W t w w ( R f ^ W? I
?t?lt?, D o z y i t . , i?s> t . , Levl-Provencal W W ff? t?.'tfR fliR? I C5WW f^fwT. WfRT?T fwf? WT?R
Colin i t . , iv58 t . ) W f - f W T ^ t w t f ? t?Tft ( f t t ) . fpMtwfeSatWWR? I f^^g ( R f w t Rf? W #f?W f|!R? W I 08
Dozy, i t . , i i v t . 5fft. Levi-Provencal Colin, i t . , ft. fwf? T?fWR W R ? I T ? W ? (W) Wtw? WTWW? tWRtw
i?8 t . ) , Wf^TO'fl?!? WR-?T??t?>', ?#/.a?WR *twtf (?r?f WW I Wtsft^-?l#t'CW T?tW W4? 4?T WT I tTO f f lt W f
ffi w - f W T - . i i ? t t ? 1?a%T) .5??. w?tft-.a? ^sifprat W3?, fWt T W fWR, ?>1WTW tff?-f"W? (5.), f^lW? T W WRWW
t ^ R o t t W^WTR? t ? w t W f t w t ? ? ? f tt?T^ ?? I (b) (5.), WWW T W T t w w T W 'aW?sW (g.) afft R W f ? WWftt
F. Wustenfeld, Gesch. d. Fatimiden-Chalifen, WT?I? ?RT;? W W ? t WW I T?fW!R? R W Wt?R ??R '5t?Ttlt
Gottingen 1881, V t.-.a? f???t g. I W f ' W ? f w t ? ? \ro ?R? ( t w m ? so S>o .?W) I
c t t t r o ? w?T ?r?t t f t w ? # ? f ? t t t t ^ ^ ; ( 1 ) W. f?TWW 'fl W?'fR WW Wt?R FT W?}St?t 4C?, ?T?tW?
Ivanow, Rise of the Fatimides, t w ^ 'G W t - t t ^ f WW flw? T F f w WRWW T W WWW I fwf? f|iW?
t?t?â|?î f?1WWtWRt=^'RlW (W)-.a?wf^ I fwf? f?CW Rt?tfW f l w ? I
S.M. Stem (E.I.^)/ f^tîwtwtt t f T?T?f;it? W W wtw? W ? W ^ f i t WW? W W f l w ?
^ '^sn^,^ Tgfm ^ - ^ H > i 111 u-e- >ei T F T - ? i f ? ? fwr: f?'tRW TW Wtww (W) I w?iT WW W?
( ^ j L - L J V I j _ L ^ ) s (?T), W ? f H t t w f I wtw? at^ W t .a?sw? f3i ms ^w?w W W .a^ ?S?JR W W w t w ? R , f^^
'W?f?-?T?W? I WTttf f W wkt? W t t i t ' W ? f t - t ? W I t t w i wt?tw? WW? Wt Wt?t ? R W I t f w ' f l WtWtTR w t ? R ? ? TG?^
alw:t? t ? ?tf^^t? ( t ) t?t W w o ? <PI5<JI .at W i ?lT:t? tWf^ ?t?lt ? # o I
Wft wtWa t w i t I .at WTRt ff? t t f w ajiwi I wt?l? WW? Wf "Wft ( W ) . f l w ? mm ti^ tfrR? TTWF i fwf? f|w?
W t w ? w t w w ?it?5' t w '^snt? t w "wtwlw I t f w ? t j t w t t w mm f R f w s trf^ i wtttf f c t t ff? fRfiT:-tf^T: wtftn?,
W'flt ??.'C*t? t t t W a ?1f; Wlt??l? t w R W f . dHb W?[s}?t ?W titit f i t i p t ttti I tf? W^^TW?
w t t w f t wtw (Rtrro
4W? I wt?t? ?S.RtfwW W f " W f t 'W?f?-?t?W? t w ?lf? ? ' ^ <>f??!(:?< I wtw? ? f ^

( t ) ^tc (RR f4f
wt?? t w 'Rtt? t w m^ t w ^^[^ t w ^ t f ^ t ? f t - ? l f ? ? ?'l^t?? TW? WW ? R I W1?R f w ? ^ 7 ?Tf? ?'RT 4l??lC?'T
tf^-'ft??1w t w t w Rttw t w "sftw W t - W ? t l t I f n t3I W?W, Cft3t Wf, " W f t T W f?TWW T W "stf ' W f t ,
w f ^ i w ? ( t ) t i ? t ? i c ? . i 4 ? i t t f w ? ftst?w? îp^ twt? 'W?1W (?) T W 1^*^ TW TW'ttfsi ( ^ ) I
ttwt5r?t?5w? I t t w ^ a t ^ c t ? w t w t ? w f , f ? w t w ^ w n ? attt^ 8 ( i ) T W WW-Wl?t?sTfR-f?W, 'S??iW W.f?.,

(5.)-.a? t f t ftft Wf, ?'tt?W cwta? f R t ? w f w t vst., 8fi-o-8fi-i; (?) T W ?1WR W t - ' W W I W f , W t - t t l W ,
(wct? I ?if3W? ( t ) wi?ic?5 w t ^ t w ^"?iw w t - w ? f (g.), ftW i?V f?., 8t., i o t,?,tTt S 8 ; (vs) tfft-Wf?,
f?f? fict? mm ?wf t t w f t ^ - f t t f ? ? w ^ i (W)-.i? TT^-tTW, (?5?fR i S S f?., et., ?8S-?8V; (8) W f - ? 1 ? t f ,
fjfw? w f - . a ? tftw w w t : ^ ? T O w ? ^ W W I W f "Wft ( w ) fwTsP W'WtW-F?tW', 8 < R t , 'S??T i8o.b/iS>V<is W, it.,
?w?, t ^ t w t ? t?st f i : ^ Î'ifsii? (t)-.a? tf^w wR2t?t ivv-ivs, Wvtit ?i; ( e ) W W , wtwfg WtWtR-tT?n?T,
w w t I ?ii? fWi? t t ? WKt? ??t f i t 8V ?s,t? 1 Wf, W i f t ? t??iW w.f?., ?t., iV8, t l t l T ? i 8 i ; (b) Wfwsf WtWgR-f?
CWtai? ? t f f (RW W R t w Wt?t4 t r o t ? ^f?1?WR? tft Wf,t-?'T5SfTW f f ^ W t - t t f f , wt??'^t-WWt, 'i^fws
t t w f f?'JlCW?
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Contents
i8i8/iS.S.JB m, A i t . , "Sffb-offS., R l t J l b-ob-S; ( 1 ) A'MH '^5m5{?r j^m^ (^L^ _î) g T ^ . ' ^

wm-'*ll>l4'Hlf, ^<P?^<[\s-^5tA?%, A? I t , '2??iS;ioS.ff-iS.1ff T ^ ^mmn W I ^ - - m f f w i ^ - i r f n f , w H - f R m n n atRre
m. A t . , 881,1?,tJl I o ; ( b ) >^ m t ^ , ^BTAft^-'atA?^, ^?i . nnm? ' w R f mR>st n?J2FF5 m s m w n aiRîm nRRT t t r , wig.
is.tob i A t . , i f f t o - i f f i , i?,tjT i8ff; ({) t?^ ' w m R n - ? m , iffs/iiommi
w m - t m S f w R , i w ^ . - R . , 8t., i l o b - i l o s . , RltJl o l 8 ; ^5tAR RnisR mfn m^mft R R npj, ^5i%in Rg c t r a m R ^
(io) i t t w wHiift, Rram-RTARt, timfef, ntcAt? cttoan i R o m m f ^ ( A W H ( S . tn^T t i R m ^ w m R i bR^s^W;
^.R, o/it., A f f - A i ; ( i i ) t?^R^, ww-#gr^-mmR'wt, tn^-stRif 'jt^ tnnnnt >toimc^ A i f m t c t u s R nR
m ^ - n r a j H , i i I t , mm i8ob/iS.b1 m, A t . , vsvso; ( i A ) R l R N -^Rntc^) I ^ttAR 'nRmF' mil?, ^ t n ^ A ^j^^JHR fIfR
?nt?, wm-Rmn TiR-RAtnt, mmn-R^ w H - ' w m t f t , ii m w mt, W R ^ A w i R ^ m c m . ' f n m n tmr^ anmm ( R m
It, t^^r ivsffi/is>vsA, t . , vsAA; (i) i^ cnt?s, AtsicA I R t f t R m\ AS, mtg. lo/tobi? mm R R i ^ tftw
ww-%rf^-mmRTm, wra tA^mt^-^^nm w m - ' w r a t t , ???r5 ; BRialAt w n I iat mst? t n g n - w i n t f i A m n R t m r n ' ^ (it.,
m.f?.. A t . , ffoi; ( i S ) wm-'S?Tf%"ff, R ^ j i n - i m f l , AS>A) I wT^ 'wi^-'ii? m R m ^""tf 'wRgn-'smfnA- ('5.
'i4)HlX[6i-lf?, v s l R t , 'SnsfTS i8o8/i{i>b8, i t . , i f f b I ibo/is.<js)-ias nmr R R U O T 1^ nras ^^Rntcs^T-1 t n ^ - w R l f t n
atr^n (it.; Abs.) m^ m^ m^mrs 'srm ^ ^Rt
tRTRR ^mnRR t A c n I tti wi? nf^ ^ T M R R tmr^
^ xsrt^ ( j ^ ^ 1 ) s (st) A t R ^ - t ^ R n - l ^
m^rnn < $ R R s f t w ^ t A R ^ t t n wRmRoR^Rmr?'? 1 w R R S t s i ?
wtm^wtA 'Sir i T t ^ w H - ^ R t ^ w m - i t t ^ , -JPtRRT
R ^stm n?m S A R . t n t f R ^ttn 1 '^tAR Rêw.sfRRs "sm
F ^
Rjâ ^ - R R - ^ ^ytft, 'Hmm * i k l f I cm ^1 A I W W I ^ A T ^
1131 > i i ^ F ? T cn, 'iAtnRm A T ' ^ - ' ^ 'jRitmmSW^^tm
"WR? t < R l - ' 5 ' f k t ^PlilltAF I mB mi 1'Mt<^ I^C^h ?IA?ICA I
g R t wtmR w i a n afAt <>Ri<H S r o m n t n tm^ 'sitt w n ^tn
WtAiR "wRgn-AlfRf <lPlStW, W R R cm
W I ^ 'wiin RC5f Rc=R ( G . T ^ - ^ m m f t , A , Ab>) 1 w g R s
S i r n i v ^ 'siAR m i ^PisicAF I
An, T K ^ R^ $)fAsicA ( T ^ tiRmn, it., vsb^^c
m^^^^ i^)-m mm "wift (m)-'ira i f A trniR-iii
tw) I t n ^ - w R m f t % oA--^ RtRo R ^ t m#s
(52#5 AH liR;, ( R t t i C T t t i ^ m n m?m I 'SRI ? = R r (Rtt m n ,
t A t t S c a t ^ R m c ^ , W H ; ' W T O A f ^ - ^ c n t m n n ^^Rc
%f2f t m i R stxsTR^ ttl (^fAS? f l f l m ) - ' ^ ?
mm AH) I ^tAR Rsr? w g n t f l wi^ 'wtin-iaii nnn \stn AO
^RjUH'sRc W^matAt ^ R s t f A W F I A ? ? ^ ' S i R (m)-iiR
?,M:ss R f wR^ % I lo/^bs. M R . ; t A i n ^ m t R R n n t i ?
iitcmbHtii mnmfww, " m t i R tiRr 1:?^ ^ m f m : ^ iggr
t A t mm R i ? i msiRR A S ( S . tnn t i R m n , it., o b i ) 1
<'\4M'\, m t b 'SR? Oîiil^llA (R) ^lAtt^ R ^ *fSsllAW't l"
tn^-^mmfn n*(m (it., Abs.) ^stc tm n R m m m,
5r?t#t ? ( i ) t ^ A t W R WlR-'^sm^PHlf, wiR-tiim ^
^ i c t n mi W 'A i f m n F n w R R w afActn ^ m^
v s J u S l R l - H A H l , 8 t . , ivSS., R?tJT b o i ; (A) A t R s i ^
mtR R R ^ t m w n liR? tm^
ts tAtn iat A R O J R W R
mR-?"lAlf, miStfij wl>jillt*1-R1Aim, A t . , ibci> I
R w s f A t w^jiA R T nRRt w^R An 1 w t s t w TI^îwn T ^
VAN*! t R m i t %
nfm (it., O b i ) w ^ m r s Rfn 'Q 'siAtn ftm s.ff/iis mm
^ '^snifsr ( . ^ 1 ) 8 (m) 'm# %RT-Aiim A T s f i w - i i R ' ^ ^ w m n R o t c s t t m ^ t m R ^ ' ? # s r i R R n nat
min-'tm^ -aw? mmf i iR w Rsra R m R <ii3ii?iiA G T nfmn i i w m < R gniA 1 mmt A S ^ , R I H tmc^ îfRnR
(R)-iira m n t R m % 5 R liR? t^îmi afAt i>R?iifAW'i 1 v s m R ' f nimn ^Rt^s t i R m mm ^ 5 T C mRcs crntt^ mtf^^ tm
TTtcTRt t ? H w i f m r n i R ^ w i ^ ' w n p ' w t f .^tcsn'Rt OjRsltA'l I ^ F R R m ^ (% iS.8/lvSA-) CSm ( R T
m^, RR m?H, "s)i3i=i?iiA (R)-'ira ^ R?m^ m<nrR t ? m i l l njRn ajt?m ^RSICAF ( S . W T R - ^ [ f 5 ^ , ^.tm, t o i ) Rfn nf^
;5Atnn "wTis-c^s ? H R vo^mR i R R ( r R i w mt i w s s t n R ^ ^ ''sni? ^ ^mRt?
t t c ^ , mi R R 'ttrnn
U P T " J I R T
RR wi^m^ (m) m r n i t s mm m n t m^t w h (rh g ^ I ? H . n n m n n c t t s r R i R m ^ ^ R s i R m n , ' j .

IFFT
R R Sm a n t ^ s R e s R R n I wtn-AR!^ w i R - n p r ; ! ) (^. iio/iAb)-n stR w i c m R ^ ^SIAR

ar^ti^ s (i) tnF ATWR, m M - t n i m , S t . , ivs;; ( A ) m m : ajt?m ^raRp im1? mm w m - ^ f i m f ^f' (A;*i)
W R - n l A t f , m ^ ^ l t g w f ^ l l t n - R T A R T , A t . , ibS> 1 'SiRitg ctiStn M ? f iAR cm m t c ^ tmt m ^ m n m 1
t p R 5
s|Ai^tnmit% R f w t ^ t c ^ " w R ^ i ^ t s t ^ 'i^'iiÔIS w i m n ôt^T 'itAR ^gtjiR?
t n m f Rscmn
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WfW1??lf?R
WîctRf?iwiffiTOi'sftfsfRt !5?ili|c=ii I?f?Trot RsTOH .at f c t ? f c ? sff ?t?lc?, (g. ?v-.a w t f t w ) 1

t%Ff WR-RtWt^'-.ira ft?T fRtSIl? (tf? tllil^W, i t . , .ova), tro t f f t W i f t t W ? - W W T O (^- >>oo/i8>i(t) 4 V 0 4 ?f5W
t f w W R - R t ? f ? ft?: ?iftw (g. f?>?I?i^, (to/id) mi WR-?sllWR-ftRft f^'RtWfw w f t 'Wf?" t?f?R-'WW
^[f?;ttc? f5if??i? 't?? 'w?fR-?t??r?-.a?-RC5f wng? tR Wt-?tR?f ? R 4 .a?5l? R W C 4 wt?i R?ft ?t?t wtro
f t f % l I (?te?t^?jf^ RtW ro t?t<P 2tJt4oiR? R?*l?t ?fw w c ? (g. Ahlwardt, Ritjt b^sh) 1 W W W ? f??s?
W f . ieS/SSo RTW ^t?t iee/SSi f?5l?l ies/SSO RRR ft? W t - f RWc?? W T O 'RiR RWc?s .a?5l? f1%w w c ? ?tw c t t f ^
t R ? f t W W .a?i ^fW? t i i f ^ t w (g. t?fR-Wt?tt, ?S..3; t f ? ?'Rlft%4 (g. O. Rescher, WZKM. 1912, 94; tiRwt?
ttHW? i<thM<t RiR? t e g t 4i??)C?-l) 1 W W C W R T O .341? R?StC? ? ^ , Rltlt 8Vi8) 1 ?RTO RHTOt .3
^sifft WJ, W f ; ' W I ? (W? Rf5| ? ^ ?lf5|?! ? R ?lt; t f f ? WWTO RWfWo Rf%tC?? f?WC*t W f 'Wf?-.a? StWR W 5 ] ^
? t f l ('^. 8i)?t??=f?t W??, ff? .at âlf ?jR? ?B?t? tt^tf^ 's<F^'i< I WC? WtTO f4'?iww s t w c w ^ t T O .at fW?
8</io1 *fTft W t - ^ t f W ? (Rt^t?tC?? I W f ; 'WR? ?f5 ft^f? 4Rtw? "I WtTO R W C T ? W : ? I t?tcRW tcgtc?fW f f R t f ?
t4Iff-Rt'SRtfw?-.a? 4ff ^RfîtiCf R??fwo wr?, ttt TOt ?Tft? W t - W f W t (g. W R - f f W ^ , f ? % , ? t . , .o?.3, .3?^.;
t f f ? Rtfst t? RTOI ?5TO 4 t l t f?tlt?tX:?? ?t3a f?^#f, 8?; t?ft-W??lft, oo), W f 't?1?W (g. t f ? ttflW?,
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t4"?iw R W W f r o i w Rf?f5 ? 5 ^ , trot? w f t - R W R w f?f?? twc?? t?cj# mi 2pf? ?w<lwt .3 ? ' ^
'wfwjt ( g . ) t f ? ?tf? (g.)-.a? fit WIRTE? t ? t w tf? wft RWJW wtw? RTW .awf? 'Set? ^ i f " tWTRR ?t??tf?t (g.
t t ^ W W t - ? ' t R ? l f ? f T O WtlOT? mi "^wm 'WfRR-.a? WR-WttW, W T O , i t . , \<t<t, \<tb; % W f W - w t f r o , f?1? .a4t
t ^ R T O ? ?SW? I WtTO ft^=WR? WtfsiW t?fR-^ JRtR? W5 ?T^ ^twtC??; f f f t ? , ? t . , OfeS.) I fw? .at a f T O
? 5 ^ (<j. ?vs)) ?t?iic? (w? ^. WR-^1? f f f t a , ?t., .a4l? ^ m^'Q t i ? ?? I .at *ifw ?Tf%5<3 w t r o RWTOf?4
oSiv f%?f?^, oJ) I fR wt?R t w ? mfS f?5"?t?ttw-^t^ f 4 f R l t W ? j t ^ RIR W f l f fCt? 4t%ot f^-RsfC?? ???t?f?
tw?? W W wwcw i w i f r o fifw? sr?t f ^ i t r o t^w? (W?Tfft-'W?t?) te,Rttt RS5tt?4 f?cwt if. Blachere,
.541? wtfRW Ch. Pellat 4f??lC?'t (Milieu Histoire de la Litterature arabe, Wtf?R is.(^?, i t . ,
basrien, 77f.) i ? R T O W f 'WR?-.5? t4"WWw Rif W U i o i f . ) I W f ; t?t?W arfW, WR-Wtft'W (WTO, i t . , \0<t,
R4t I4WW trot? W t - ? 1 T O W5I-?tRft? TSiif? t t ? ^(tb) .at W i f T O R ? 4f??tj:?? (WW f 4 ^ Rt??fw ?;ct
R t t W ? ( f . Ch. Pellat, Hb) \ ?5tt Wc?, ^^W? W f t W tfft-Wt?tft, ?S.o; t f ? tffl4l?, i t . , Olrb W t - f 5 ^ , i t . ,
<3
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*iwc4 .at 'ratw frw TO W R ? W W W f ? w i f ?stct s t f w ?I5W 4ff?WflWR CRtfw: WTTO 'JC?? .a4l? 4 ^ f < ^tw
^jtWtWR?, (g. ?VS.-.a WtfRW) I 8 < / i o t R T f w f?tWf?t 1 t ? 4 i f w e t ( W t - f ?WC??) f4?tWw-.a? affw wtTO
twarf-I'^tfwf-.a? R?,w?Rfr?g stut? ??tct W f 'Wf?-.a? t f ? ^ f ? R ' S ) W R fwf? c t t t 4 t -Sft CWft?t CW 1"
RRIWW f t ^ R'SS f4"WWW of^dw? tC?! t t ? W W R I .at wcti? R W W w w t ? # T O c?t? t t r o t wwcw? f w ?
t ? f t - W ? t l t ( f . b-OO/iScîi.)-? R T O W T O , ftW? f t t w R t?f w t I C?.t?f TOt alWf^ ?? W C?, W f ' W f ? WtTO tl'jtf
.a?5l? i f w f t ^ f ? t I t r o W?ct (^t/iiR *lwt%w 4f?W-R?4t?^tt f w ?5t?W fw?tf?Ct?, ?fw t?f ?t?TO ?f=f
tRfwt t f ? 'Wft?-.a? RJ<wtc? w i w f l w (g. ?t?lC? I a t ^ T O = atf^ttttRfW f w ? ^ ?tw .at W?t13F?t ? 1 ^
t f f t - w t ? t f t , ?s.?) I t?f?!-fsftftw .at 1 ^ RWC4 . a ? 5 t ? ?t?W<3 W W W W t C ^ W f 'Wf? WtTO '^twc ?fWo WWW
t|f%w ? w t W W , (g. f?W?^, o i , i v ) I wc? .at ??c?? ?? fw?ttf?>a Cttt5t4wte? WtTCW? R 4 ? CRT?rtTO 41W tsfwt
ttwf f4{|C4R
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Contents
m\ 'wtlfl w t t - t I ? R t f . Aob- W R ; ' w t ^ wtt-*n?Rif
f^SlfAWF I n^ SntmF sftStH ^RoT m^îlAR ^SKF? sfsftf (R^^mR? m;m R f 4 i i mfmft W H I w?t<f R R mtmw
frsmnra ( T j t f ^ t g . Wtn-^ftfAW; mm, i t . , Aff^; At., i A i ; R i R ^ t H W R I m t i T R R R R f ^ ? s m ? m R RwiR^
o ; t^-wtJjAtf, i , 8 ) I tAt's ^ m, 'mm Rc5R mi mtgrnln^ Aio/bA* mm tmR^ nî? <Rm t f % ^
RR i f l ^ <1>Rc Rtff W ^ mt (5. WlR-^g^^, ij_j(A!) w ^ T i R R ? A t l 3 i ' s c'^mf^mHfAtmîAmaf?H(^<)stm?
At., 8iff) I R f R5mf? mm R : ^ ftm? ^RmriF, Rkmti mm I m3!W? mim flmn '^?t?i ail^ra m t ^ t R R t t mmm
^5tAR
mft Rrtw 'stAi? intm '^jt w m i mmft mR*ftH siwmw? R # (g.), t Rôw n - R R ^ (m?) Rmw
wR*fR afCtm W t R - t t f n (g.)-'iR Rt^?5 (5. At., v5cb) liR?, t?tjT Rmn I mmR-iiR m; R I F ^ i ? ( R t m R A wfRtr
wt? w R m F RiisFfs RmR mt^ 'wTin-'iR Ai^mm At., ^Rjm RRiRmn mi mt ?nRt cR m Am t # m
t . , A!i, vstoo) I mtl?oj s^fsm w i Rsssn^tt^ ^tc 2t^5TtmF w n mt I ^5TAR 'wrmR? m: R I F
srrat <pRc^t5) 3ftr ^tm? m m m : ^ stmn w n ; wtRfl??^ ( R f cttrara W r i?a}A <t'R?fifAm*f mm 9m mr
C j t l ^ ^ t g. At., 8 IS), 8b8, 8bto) I RRm ^ t ? s ( t ^ R ? ? i T O m ^ mi tr? (Rt'sR ^^[m?
tm wRtrmR miA, mt^-'wti? tn^-'wtm? <ijf8c^^<) < ^ sfiRrw ctt w n I lift wtmrg? mr c'ftm? mt,
R ? . ^ 5 W 8 R
m'm^ m ^ c^cg? 'ftsHbî Rt%^ - M w l c t ? St?m5A R f ifitR ^ttAR t??^, W R R??55r^tt n^nmr? m?At?
2im? w , est 'mm c i t t T w mfwR iff^ ^RmriH I
'^'^ cmft? *iiRH irB, stAlc^K irm Rmn -rnn-ttfn, mm ^S^s, ' m t - t R m f w R * f R R b R ^ Rmr? immr? tjiR
m^- wtim*^ mt^ 'SmmTR m R m f ^ ' f , nimm ? R ? R R I ^ m ?sf|mfm?R 1 1 ^ g n mm?^ wt*1%?5 - " j ^ ajf^
m t w f R?.3Ft^ - w m w ? R n m r ^ t stRR ^tr' RR?tmmr? w t ^ Rmn i 'stai? # ? f m t ? 5 t t ^^^ wtrmfm
.^51AR a1?l?^? ir*U C ^ ? n > i l ^ f?f?sm WtTA I tm R t ^ - # 1
af^fft g (i) ^sftRw, mmn (Rt=j5f), ^t?icm, i f f i R , i t . ,
m n tinRo i ?t?t tm i^rm? w m ^ < ar? IR^ ^ m n f ?fmm?
A<?<?-<fto 'tt.; (A) # m ^ , wtprRR-mAR#F wiR-<t|i}RsTlH afti ml?i? w^c?? t? tm m R msti^ -s^c trir? mt i m?tj (Rt
(Krenkow); ( ) t^^-WPjmft, ^SAfgn-WtR^, AJ>-b; (8) S'^msRr'5 af^mm? m i wTF-m^mf^, Rr^-^'?Rs
R A R ^ , ff, vsS), bb Flugel ?5i^?s mW5 Die Rm^-^[t*r ?Rm SiiR A t s l t A i F . Krenkow-ifl? i r
Grammatischen Schulen.32 ff.; (a) t ^ tl!ii<pH, mtt-m?mf ^'^ R^?sRp5 RR^ ctM? ^fwR mm?^ *tm?#
8lb; (to) mR'^, R?wr^-'snmi{, i t . , ^ A C I . ; ( I ) f ^ , itAf? ?R mRm^#r '^R t f t m r A i F . Krenkow-^flt
mm, i t . , ito8;_(b) t n g n - W R t f t , f T R t ^ n - R A T R f w1tRl? Escuriel-ifl R??R iff^mai tTRR ^T 1"tRm
(Bergstrasser), W n m i t . , Abb-!A '^t.; (!) *R<i? fij^ Rmfm?R I tm t-niaiw? t ^ Rm
i!v5, i ^ mi
^5^"^ ^fm^-S'WFo, to<H 1 ? % (f?Wtf ),RnmRt i>i>8A, gftftH wt^jfn^ t r ^ vsaiw? S'si Rmr? wR^? 'S?^^^ ? A ^ ?SC? I
A t . , v5!b f., t t . ; ( i o ) Ch. Pellat, Le milieu cmm\ R m ^ - ' w R R R^tRsmr? t t i '^f?m Krenkow
bassrien dans la formation de Gahiz, Paris (RRtmrfH, t?mSf mm wRmn ?bRoTtt mtt-m?mf? aj^
1953, 76-8; ( i i ) Brockelmann, 1, 99, S 1, 158. ?T?At?WFmtl
R. Blachire (E.I.2) -55551^ 1^R mm R ^ t r m t i A IMAM'S! Rmr?^ tRf& i R R ?^
^ '^N^ T5rtm-'FMT# ( ^ I jj.'r.II ^0 s i?.tj^ R?c?iti A i f A n'Rt ?sR?trAF i 'srm? R ? f i ; t ' ^ t?tn^
tiAt^ tn^ 9rm, Ritn/wtsi t ^ r ^ c ^ ^sTpR R ? t g ^ msi Rmn t m i wtA"m^ t?^ A i m n , Rtm? *3pi ' w t m s ^
iotm^'^tmtiR? l a w F ifR?, s f R ^ m m msmrtR ^ tntir mtt-m??if? Rm? tiftipi-Aif^ mi?5 ar? sfm? 4 R ? I C A F I
mmRR wr^ ^rnmrt (g.) w m - m m t t (g.)-'iR rnqmRfw t ? ^ - m % i ? t ? # ? f m t ? 5 t t mt^ 'WR? w t t - m ? m f ? afR
mR I RRf wt*[mtH^ i o o / i i S ) mm mmm'gn-'^mm w t A t WTF^ a t n ? ?bm?5Tf w t r m t <PR?IICAF, R f RARS-I^? S r g t
iRRm53;'*tRmH cm3i"!^c'iAi? cmftnmi (a,.,,.'P afAt '4igmwaf?5i^îAi? tpi'wiir?? ?R51
W H I ( R ^ Rfsf ^mmw? 2 | R R f 1l3I (^_^ j_) Rmn iR? afxt# 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, it., iito, tRf^, i , iis.;
cRt w r ? 5 ^ RmRT? timR? R r ^ RmR i
c t T c 3 R
(A) Krenkow, WH-m?mf; (vs) Encyclopaedia of
^-sppt^-K ^ - w T ^ ss^^ - s r s m c i T s t Rf^wf? R ^ RR
Islam, i i R t ; ( ) ^ " A t m , -gpfttMtH, A t . , Ab I
wmTR i f R ? . cti#?i ?sRm R?.a}eA? S w c t wtamn G. Troupeau (E.I.2) Suppl.)/ tt?m C ? t 1
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Contents
W<[ Wtf? WR-*tt?3lf (?I) _ Wf'W5R
f t w t w f t w ? ? ? # w f l t 1 W f ; f W (w) www R W ?#?t

( ? ) , W t T O TO WR tw ^ W t - ^ , 2 t f W W R * ^ , Wf,W?ITO ?ftWR, f ? W R W Wff^W? RIR t w ? ? W ? W RSit ?sc? W ? t ? f
c w r a ? W 4 f WW CW41 ?i3i=isik i^ym Rfww wR? f?W (RW f f W ? fwW f f ? W %5ttR I W f f W ( W ) wt?R t t ?
WW? Wf^w? (R)-.ii?

ma 1 #f?w w t w R wiw? w w w ?ttttt?t t f W R ' ^ s W ? t W W 4f?!R? I
f t n
Wo wtw? RS? wt 11wf? C? RR? <MfeRl?l wtro tQÎW?

w t fW wftw W 5 t W t ? T O fwWR, fwf? t ? W f ( W ) f?5f?W W W ?
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W f ? ? ^ ^R^lC^-t I fw1?f?#??WW w ? ? I fwl? 4 |RPi?|j| f?4& w i t wftw ?ft r .ilt w % i wfwisrf? w f ^ fwf?
f C ^ Wsm?t W??, (R RWR Wtw? ??R % 3%R ?e?R I 1wf? t t f w w t W ? ? I
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s j f t ' f " ( i ) t f t ^ t W ? , tRIW, R ? ? i o ? V ft., St., iSo; wi??if|=i I t w w w , W f ; w f 4 - w ? i f ? ? f ? i ? t t ? f t - f t w w
( ? ) t f ? 'W?f?t-?R?, W t - t R f ' W ? , St., ido (tRTTO WC^ WT?tTR? f ^ tWR1 R w w 5 } ^ t 4 f ? ? l f | t I ? 5 R t . W f ^ mi
"f@w); ( o ) t f f t - W f ? , t R f t - t l W " f WfWlfwt-WW?!, ?t., ? 5 ^ t t T O ^ ^ W f W R RlttTW f i t W O T S W W S W t t T O t
?So, (tt., ? . J s o ; (8) t f ? WR,^T?R5T5R-Wf. ' ^ ^ ^ >>'^^'^ f f ' j U t W ^ I W t - t t f ' W ? ajCtW t f ? , ' W ? f t t - ? T ? ? ?TR?, t ^
- J s t . , iSo; ((t) W?-WTOf, W R R ? 1 ^ - ? > W W , RW i 1 S
TOtlf^tTS:, ? ? ? t ^ f ? R R ^ t W f f l t f ? T ? W ' ^ W W W 11^
i t . , <?jb-; (.JJ) t f ? W t w ? W t - ' W W t W f , W ^ f w wt?fl?, w w i t w w^ ?w ? t y i c ? I W?t W ^W1 ? ? T ? % ^ f i t I Wf
t??iW iO?(t ft, t . , 8btr 1 f W ( W ) .ilt ^ i f w t ^ ? 5 l ? ? T f | w ? , f ? T ? W W ?.:? I t f ?

f?l^(RtW?TO t t ? W ?W?, t ? f R - W f ^ ?TW atft^ ? T f ' W t f ? ?tf4' wT?tW
wn^ wnf^ wrtw-W^fTft (j^^vi J-LC ^ I ) S

WtTO W ?5f?Wf|t I t f ? f t w w ? IW i ^ W l CWrsR ' w f
(W), W t f w t f r ? Rtrot t?RPI 'Sj^t ?5f?Wf|!RR wl?tW? leitj t ? f t - ? T R ? 'W'S^ t?fR-?'#? W f '.4llIvi?W f ? W f l W f l t I
W f 'Wfi? W t - W W W f W?IW? W a = l.wt?R TO t?t?W .iR?. W f f W ( W ) WTWW? t w ? w ?5TT W ? ? I f?^ t W I f t i f (?)

t R w i W f ; ' W f i ? I tRWw? t f ^ W r ? fwf? W f ; ' w f i ?
W f f W (?T) ^ t w ? t w WW, t f w f i (R) wniw? f?n?tw
W R - W R ' W f wwt ^stfw 2tfR^ I fwf? Wm atfw W W f Wf, W f 'wfiiR? (Rwe^ mm t t w w w w c 2 R t I .iittiw
f W m\ I t f ? ^ ' w R w wtww5 w?w?

w t - w w f ? W t ?
W f ' W f i ? ( W ) f?RW:?5 W WW 1 (RtttW ^ f ? R W TOI
ftsRw?sii7R? ^5fg^ ?5f?wi:w I ff? w ? WR?, W f ' W f i ? t ? f f - f ^ n ? t f ? t H ? t ? l t ? I W?W . i t ? i t ? ] R T O ? ? t fit#IW I
SttW W fIjR? .iR?. t w ijftt% WW WR? I s t t t # t g ( i ) t f ? ^?1WR W t - ' W W I W f , W R - t t l W ,

1W f?TO ^R)*IIW ^-WlW? f W i f R f w t t tWfww W R T O io?b- ft., S t . , i ? o ; (?) t f ? 'W?fwt-WW,
fw? w r f f?W!P ^ ? 1 W?5 I .it4 'St?,^ WtiRs, f ^ f ? W R w ^ s w c ? W t - t t f W ? , ?t?TW w.f?., St., i1oi-i1o(t; (o) W ^ f f ?
.il??, w f ? 'st?.^ RttW? "sftW TO 1 ? f w f i ( R ) W f , 'WtlW? W ? R 1 t ? R f , ft?RR-tl3rRt, ?? ts., St., oii-ii-Js; (8)
(RWe^ W W R ^stfwfCt .iiWiR 'Swn C2Rt W ? ? I W f , f W
f W i f , f ? r j ? - w f , t w i . .3 i f t f ? TO, uiw io58 ft., %
(t8(t; ((t) " W ? ? ? - ? ! ^ W W f f ,.Wt1??R-ftTO, 4 ? l f i o ( t i
W t - W W f w t w w ? W ^ flWR I (RttlW RaptW? Rftw
f?., ioJ-8o I
^ f ^ W t I W f ;;5itfl?Wt-WR'Wf .it?J|t?^R3Ff???W?W
f?t W ? ^ w f w tR
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-^t?f? W1?R f W Wf^ fwf? W f ^ e w t f ^ CtiW? I W f f W
t f ? t t w ^ w w - w R t ? r f , .ii?sw? t ? t f W W ^ R T , f?f? bi i o R
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f S f ^ l W ?5f?WR, W^! (R5 f 4 1lf?R? W f 'Wli? (W) W TOI ( W f f w wtfwf?w)-.iR i?Rjtw W f w?f??n ?mi t ? ? w f
t w w ?5f?W ?ttWR, w w f WWW ^ Wf??TC? I ' f ?

^^rro W W f^tTtw t ? t f . ^ R w f t c ^ E.1.2 ,,!t_^ 9j
t t w f f?'3iW?
t.R.5/?i
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W t ^ W t ^ Wtn-WtFUft (m)
^srt^ '^liijlf ( j i L u i j_,i) 8 (m)>iiîSRmmf I c?5Ac?5A

R m StAt I f%fH ftcm S w f R , 1*0^5 >fe|f CH?1 ^ l A i w t m r 'mt?Tt*f m c i wf^ft^ <>!??ICAH I R I F ?r^[^[WA
'mm?^ mt^ imi m'^'f 1in % m 1 mm? ^TC^ (^)-m R ^ t t r "c?.?jf% cmc? m-tmm t m n A ?1nr?...
f%f^ ^Stm? imniA im? (Mzab)-iii mt!%m%5R mi ^ AIÂ!? ?im <t>l??icAF I wt^m^, mm^ t ^ m^ ^sim? 9 ^
m*m? ^mm#?w? m:?i arm? ?5f?m m SmmR? ?^ff3? <5tc ?im ?sr?H I t?H m^ c ^ c ^ ^ t?H w t f ' m ? j M WI?
nBitmfm^R, mm tr? t m f m s ? ! ^ ? m^ i#r m?t^ cmm m wi^ 'wrant w i ? - ^ ^ mi S r g t m f ? m r ^ i trni wt^
At?i%i I miA"itg W R - A l f % i arjt l A T f ^ m?R, tf^t ir? S1%R5 W R ;
isim? 2f?m af? Rmipt-'^fe? (^sn??) ^mf^tfti-^wtn m *wi?Tt*t I t ? H Atwt? m t i ? 5 i 5 t t f ? m H , ^tAir<p w m ? j R ?tnm i r n
mt^tfmt-mmn (mtm m rnnfHnm-m^Tn), 1?tfh5 mf A? I
i^îhi^cA? R ^ tmf *)^?ich? lij^mm ÂII^CO-H Îî'ij'* ar?t# 8 t?H ATSFt? WR-'WtR?5"tmf, wM-tmtm, R r a ,
?bm [tm? t?l??^ ^ f. ZDMG, cxxvi, (i5lto), ffto; 8 t . , i8iS I
Sm? m # l P f m ^ ^ 'f. ^, ffto; Kubiak, in RIMA, Âtmr GTTNP ?AiiH ? * t f
Ai, Ato; Schacht IN Revue Africaine, C

^ ^srtm ^-^[?rr#t ( ^ j > i i ^ L ^ ^ ^ O S W M -
(i5(?to), o s . i , H ? v o ] I mAf^ csf^m,
wM-m?if,
w R m f (m) S t m i wt^ wi?jtt, mm mmf R ? m i 'stm mi
lAi^ ^ mtigftR^ mt? mtfnft 'mcA;
^ - l i i ?
fin i m t ? ^ - R i R s I .Rt^Tfn i m t f R ' m?t
wHfeni 1?^^f?mTnr?? 'wim? mfnft m^ i?.wt
? n R f f H wr-ôi}ff igt mot? Rifn <i'f??icM (fi*RT,
<)>[??ICA-HI tm "?roR RRt - w ^ n o T r r m cntr^ Rm^n
!tf?Rt -mn-tîtn, mtmiA^'n-irs'if?, ôb), I^NC?
iSftAtm'5-iii? lii^mm mm RIRISICAF, ?im ?motf^ mtrmsm? ms
t ? ^ - g ' i H , R^ ir ' S n m t m r i'wif?-m, wtm? cm c ^
tmf R'tmfttt ? 5 ' ^ ?j?A efcî^W'si i^Rsmm 9M I9SJA [cf.
îtAt? m i 'wtmp-mA'iR t m r i'wtf?"m, t w - R i R ?tnm
ZDMG, cxxvi (is.ito), 8ist.] i ^!At? Rm<pi-tRmm Atmtm
R?icA ?Rm'SRRO A? i RÂmr^ R R S^mRm? 'mtn mm
m^^yiA C^YM 9 ^ Ate R-Fft^-m^sTP a r r o
wtrmbm ?sf?mr^,; ^stm? Rrniipr-mimtg tS^ i ? . m t R t m
i??n?i>s ?s?!C5H I wT|m^mm^?f^ ifi?>1? A t f r ^ afitl^t
mirA['5. Schacht in Rev. Afn., C (i:(?to), b - l n?, (?Al i
A ? , RfH S>t*pH-iii? gcw t f ? 5 flcnn i t?H mg <IPI?ICA'I, S ^
viTAt? i^RAtRi?5 ar?t?#? RmiR-Rim? (mtRRmjrA? '^t??'tf i^sRCA RfH m^'^WAt <t=R?icAF; R R w t f ? ^'wttm?!?
m] 'f. Schacht, % at., i S i Lewicki, in RO, xi
Rim?t mtim>a # f ? ^ Rem i m?t >a?#t^;#tn ? r m , Rfn
(1935), i65n, 7, ?R^?) wt? ^î^mm Rm? ifmm?5 F f i T ^ f l t ^ t f ? t?tRmn?>r?H i
ôtm?5tf%n-mmtt[cf. Ennaml, in JSS, xv ( i S . l i ) , b-to,
af^t^t 8 ( i ) t ^ ATsft? wtn-'mRîmf, w m - t n t m , tin?,
H I i l - i 'S Van Ess ? 5 ^ cm?, in ZDMG, CXXVI
8 t . , i 8 A - i 8 o ; ( A ) m?t âsiRif^F wr-^t?ff, f m w g n
(i5ito), (Ml 1 wFi-^nfT, 'Q?tn-'sm^ i w f mm 's^m^
imfR-.iis tRRft '5nn-t?mtn, wmTA ^'n-irsTf?, 9II\;%
'mt?5n-?tAAt? t?H 'Âim'i t ^ t # r ? t?H gm?? mtn-^Hi'l3l
toob I '
^sTAi? ^rcA Rft^ lii^mm t s i , mm ^mm? immmw'm^
Âimg'5^?<|? ?A1tH ? * i S t f
m ^ n ^ t?^ t?mtti 'mn-?i?<siiif (^. e i o / i i i s ;
cf.GAL, s I, tos.A) 'Sim? Rm^-mftn R.^nAlnn-S^-iii
I ^ 0
m^ <pR*j|c^'( (cf. lith, <p|iiwl iooto, ffS-iA) I .
(m) m i m R R t ? H m?g t ? H f m ? ? win-m??t# w H - m w t f
ar^mlt 8 (mm SURs t^^t?# mm) 8 ( i ) mmf, fim? win-iitn#t ('mm? m I ? I ? R itRr^ t ? ^ m^jtr?? mrn^mr?) i
(lith,), ?n?rm i^ôi R./ibt-o % S S i ; ( A ) A.de C.
RR'm^mi^'srRmif rnntmrnnfotRRsiR. % oimm
Motylinski, in Bull, Corr. Afr., iii ( i b b f f ) , A l H t
tm^Rr? ( i f m ) mm cmm m ^ ??c*t mB m i [A??'
tob; ( o ) T. Lewicki, in REI, viii ( i ; o 8 ) , 278; iri Fol,
l A M ^ (^ym stffiiA AtRti m ^ ?vr*t 1?mA R?II|WF) I
Dr.; (8) iii (iS.toi), t., and in Catiers dhistoire
'ttm? mm? m i R^ R ^ m % f (t?H m'w-vg? ir itAml i
mondiale, xlii. ( i ; l i ) , bto; [A] A. Kh. Ennami,
Studies in Ibadesm (Diss, M ^ iS,ii, msfmf^), it., ^ttm? t i m i - i ? # ? H Rft ^ m? m i A C ^
% A5Al c ^ t ^ (toAi tim? -iii^Hi m i ^ '^tcH t?iAR? ^^r 'mt^
J. Van Ess (E.i.^) 'fl.R'flR. 'm^gn mm^ Rlt i-:^ mcii-s) <^S^ ^ ^ws '5ATm^ (l)->^ -oil^<il(.i ^mTl sf^.t
tnmf 1?'Sr?5R
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Contents
W f W f ? W t - W W i f l (?!) W f w ^ w t - W i p n f t (?!)
4R?llf|WH (t?t ttRlrsi? t R W f tt1 TO'W 'W41W TO? f W f ^ W?W?C<i? WW^^ ? ^ attwRo ^ t c t W f WfTC??
stf^ra) I v a t ? ? T O l % i 4 m t c ? t W f ; w ^ (?t) t t r o i f R w i t ^?tf?w ^?tf|cwt f t ' W t f ? '^tt?? (5.) I
?? i f?wSf ?^t? R5I? <\(i ct^^ sjRrf ^)w? Wf; WfT? (W) t r o t t ( t ) - ^ ? tc5f t?5t fw?tcw (ti?w)
t?1?f???lf t r f ? t ^ 'W?5tTO i|?Hf ( t ) - ^ wss ?T?rw "tft^ ^tiiic^-t I trot? ? p ^ (io/ô?) fwf? ttft 1
5t?=f ?5C?? (ffft? TO'W 'W4l?t) I W f W f J ? ^ t WW? t?l?ft ( t ) - ^ ti^4lM? t ? fwf? W ? t?5t fw?tW W ^ t
mm f?f^ TO?J f?W? I w t ^5tc erTt?? ?sf??t ff? 4f??tf?ct? I fStwwcw? fct? ^siR?t?tfc? R f ? w?,*t5t?t
'tRTO-lt?W? tft-tt%W? sn;?! t t W I afTO 4 f e TO4? i ^f?Wf|Ct? I ' W f ? t f f t - ' W C f ? tC5? fwR ftt? f?WC?.3
Kf? W??tW wtw? I t t f ?TTOt f?f ?1?W t ? W l 5t?=f (?i/^8?) Rft?! fWR? I w f ? t f w t ? T O (W) WtTO Wtw?c?
?5f??lt?W? I fwgtRtt 4 W 4 w ? ^ "^tct fwf? ttfwct ??ftcw (W? c?t?
5?? f?T3ftW (R) iftTO f?Sf? <l>t??lt?M'f 1 t? ttc? t t t w ? Wf?^ tit? ?3t?WC?? I t f w w f (W) ^w?
1%Tf?1%t t?fW W^jRwt? tft TO? WJ<?f w t t ? ?tW?tft t t ? 1 ^ ?W? t? W f W ^ (?1)-C4 tf?t? ajwt?5 Rfs;
?5t??lflw? I afCTWs?t ? ^ t t ? f f t W W ( t ) wtw? ?lfti: ?5Rnfict? I ttf?#cw?c?5 t t ? ?st?TO WW ' w f (W) ?t? f^
wfu 5}?t w ? ! ??? f t t r o ( t ) ? f l W ? , ^tf ?t"-^ 4 R w ?i??l?tc?? fwc?> ?1W w ? ? (ov/êv) wt? W f W f T ?
tt ^llvîll t f , Ct t?f?t WTOt ?w? ?jtwc? wfws ^^?tc? 1" ^ WtTO tc5f c?ltTO 4c?? I fwf? ^ fc^ w?ftc?if wftf? ctwtR
W f ; Wfjc?? wft? t f c t w f t w ?ttw tft I W f ; W f T ? (W) f i c t ? I f C ^ aft?ra WTCW? t C 5 f ,fwf?v3 tTf?fw?C4 f^ -^tC
t t f w t w ? ct^riw;4w cwtwtwwwt?tt?t'|c?'<ttct? I f??W ?lf^fC Cb?t ?>C?? I W f WfT? ( W ) - ^ WtTOl R"4^tC??
v5ft? m ?4?1tr t r o f t ( t ) WW? t e ?TO^R?5t?c?? tw fC^ 'St?fsl^t >ilC?s CW? I^^C*llW 1??t?t WWTOW I
t?tS?TOf-f??tf?^ t W f l t ( f T O W W W T O , e t . , J. 8?8) 1 W f W?W?Blt? f ^ f t t t t f?C?lft W,t?W 8 V^^? w e t f R
WfT? tTO fft 'JJlf?? t t ? W t W t f t ( t ) - ^ WW W R W twc TO I W f W f T ? wt? t t f t t (W) t f ? ^ W f c t ? fa! 'W?f?-
Wftct? I f 4 ^ t W t f t ( t ) W W W t [ t ? ? f R T O s t ' % 5 ? W? ?t?wc?? W R W??1??lt?cw? stfw? 4f?cw f^ 4C?? I wtwcw?
W?sit t t R ?si?ct? 1 f%f tc? Wf;WfTC?? Rfcwc? t r o f t ( t ) R^c^ W f ^ few wR2j?t rot? WW fwf? sb/bbii w e t f t t ? .
t t ? WTO Wt?t TOtt? 4t??tf|Ct? I tCttC?3t tW??t ( t ) - ^ tt? W W 1
tf?WC?? ?SC?IWSR t f r o w f t w tW? tft ftR wt I. Wf! w f ? f ' w R w ( W ) - ^ w t w t e t 8S.MS. w e t w f w t??
WfT? WtTO i t tWtft ( t ) WtTO tRTO-tt?WC?? f t - f f ? T O f ' W R ' W - ^ ctwe^ f t R t cftwftf ?R^^t?f?ewtt wai^tt
WW ftCWCW? t ? R l ^^?TO 4Rc t ^ Wfw? I wtTOt <t>(??ttli I W f W f T ? (W) ^srfRt? fw ?w Re^ .at fwwcw
? t ? t t ? TO fw?R t? mm ttt?? ttast? t f ^ TO mi R f 4 wt I fwwcw R f R W W ? t f ? fwf? W f t ^ W te? mi
ctcww tiR t^^ltw tcsf I % 6 tlR-g?tt?t ttct t T O % ( t ) - ^ eVî? Rtet cttte?t t1%wt w ? ? 1 ?ifw WtTO w w w wtttw
4 ^ - ^ C ? - ^ W t w ? wtW?t www? mm c t t f ? ftW wei^TO W5t? mi wtw? ^5if%R t^^tfWf wiwc?s 4?%tfêwtt tte??
ttt? f R i t it?iitlc=n I artf? t?R?{ m t t w w t w ?5e?? 1 w t r o "^^tt? t w e ^ w ^ s
W?W?CW? C?s? W C?s? ^t?t W f WfT? f?Cit t T O % ( t ) - ^ 4CII4I? t w t t w we? s R. (to ( t f ? ?iwt? t f ? 'Wttf%?), ei
f^tttc attwfw? W?t^ tliltill ttc? I t r o f t ( t ) WtTO tft?t (tfttt?"!^') ^3 ee t t t ( t ? f t tttw,Rt?T?tw, % bft>) I '
W T O t ? WW w f ^ Wfwo wtw W f ; W f i ? WtTO f t WW? t f ? f5'1?W (Î'ii/Wfe W t - W W f W 5tet)-t? WR?5
4t?c? I c? t t c # wcw t r o f t ( t ) - ^ W^ct? w t tf?!!::? tc? >^fw?tfw WtTO t w f t ? ? ^ afTO ^4t??te?? 1 wT?tew? R??t
^ , - W f ; W f T ? R t w t c ? c t t t w w ? w w t t?twR:? 1 "5tew wtw TO, f ? 5 '^%Htt WtTO t w f ? ? atR t W ? atw^
.iirot? wcw ft?tw WW? t?t w tit?tt t r o f t ( t ) c?s? fwct? I ?#e? mi wttfl^wRs f R : r o t t ? wtro t w f ? f??t?w 4t?w
f^tw t W t f t ( t ) - ^ ? ^ t t R ?ftW W f W f T ? tw? t ? w ? ftl? WW ft'W 4f?eR I ?st$tw w e ? , ?t??i??tt?tt f t f t t
ft?tw t w t ^ R w t w I ctttwRf? w e ? t ? atwTtWe?? t ? R ee w e t wtw? t w f ? t c t
W f W f ] ? w ? t i S t ? i c ? t T O f t ( t ) ?5fw? w t t ? ^Rtttlw? ctf? M t ?5Rnf?ct? I
c t t t W c tct ?ttwc? I wc? t?t f f w c?, ttfwcw ??ft t ? f t f f R W l ? ftlRtW (Wf?; WW^WR % i 8 e i - i 8 V i )
st?tT{ W t ^ ^ t f t : ^ f?tft WW tw^ ?^w t w fwf? t v s i c ? w t ^ l t ^ t t (ves/iSQ-'s) 'sifwt? ?sR?nt?ct? I fwwtt-^ge??
w t ? ?5t??tflct? ( t f ? ftwt, i S o ; t t T O W t T O , i %, ctt4 t c ^ 4Rile??, ftwie?? ct?t?tttf?'S?ttw W ? 5 w t f f ?
t t ? aftftc?? wfte? m trc? m^ cwrttw cwf^te tt? i WÎH
t t w f f^êw?
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WM-^Hl'lSl (?f) wt^wtS'SSt w R - m f (m)
'siAmtHwct i&-^twsml? c m m W W W I ^ ^ I ^ J W ^ wr^ mt^ (m) ficm tRsAf fross wRmft, i^jR^,
mi cmRo 'fi?^ Rtn#rft mfAs A S i Rmfnf^ 'irm m m t m n t f m f t i ^mmn wmtn fin %F?t ^ S < 5 R f ^ i
imf^c%^ mfAiR arffnmta iatn i?.'^^ sfAmcA i ^gn^ cm?^m, m^îptA i^)-m m^t mAî m ^^fwr f^fn IA"?,
Âtmw ( n # A ) CTtmcH liwf? t m w Mtt W H isr? m<s^ b^cA^ wf^îlf AtsiflcnF 1
StSmt c?ftm 'IJIRJSI C T H i imfe R<t>c?t i ^ i ^ wici i i f e 5r?t#f s ( i ) t ^ f t m i , fmô, m ^ 'wrgn-^msm, f w
(>mfi' w i i r n mci t r r s ) m^mm arRR ^ A S i iisffff/i:v5to, A t . , % i o o , i 8 i , i8v5, i 8 8 , iffA i l f f ; ( A )
m^rnmcfR cmmmra m^^^gfA i^yrn tRî 'sjf fmp*R t m m*^, T m ^ T 5 , iS.ffi ist., 'J. 8b-8, b-ff; (^s)
fin, *in^H Sm iflt llfWCg Si.HNf^^ ^ftm R i n ^ t W H I 57iJ(R ^-sniT, wm-mwtmn-tinift, tns;, isi^s. 8 t . , 'j.
imftf liinwn Rm? wit mAmcA, mfk, >mfi wi^rn i f f , fft., siA-A's; (8) wm-iimf, m^siffg w i i m t ^ - mmm,
'<it<)<i?H I ?Rm?tcH WCT^ m f ^ imf^ f^HJiiH) I Aimmmg, mf^tfoj i o i f f f t . , i-Jî %; (ff) t n ^ - w r t f ? ,
iifltci? 1^1^ w ^ i^ts? mmR m^ tm^micA I ^^f^ns Sipjn-tim, At., b-b-,fft.,'J. i8^s; (to) mmgiftH gAim^ t m
WtCA CT, WT^ W l l K (m) i& fifAtWn U T T nAF wtARi^ t m ' S A ^ J H wR-iimf, fnmn wtntfm-gmm, 1 w is>ff i.
^fetflcm I At., Abb-s>to; ( i ) i& cnt?5, \orft5(n-timi m ^ " R W I ^ -
>ti^H Âi'î^t (?nfA)-'an i m Ate 'Âmf ^[n^Htt m m t f i m n - ' w i m i , w i c m , i^toi f t . , it.,'^. Affb; ( b )
wRcm:^ m n mmcn m r t m ^^Rcm ii^'TAn?T? mf%cw wt^-'mniA 'wRgn-Aifm t ^ - t m ^ r w m - A i m f r , rnitm^g?
i?3Pt^ f%f ifimcFt m t ^ ist I s'tAfn, tmp, to^s; (Si) t m A M I w i n - ' w t i ^ T m f ,
w t ^ w i ^ (m)-'^ fn^fnRo m s ^ mmn fgm tes^ ^mA^ffo-'otAS^, Atmrmmwmf^tm, iAff ft., ^st., s>o, s.i;
# f n ^ f m m s wn. m n ^ m mi\Tn, 'Smm, Â'trng ( i o ) cnt?5, ^ - t n m , f W ivsAb ft., i t . , 8off; ( i i )
wRgs-mAmn i mtn-mnrj-ft, ^'^n-^^mm, fft., 'j. i f f s ; ( i A ) wro-'oTmft,
sntfi^ t%mtt wt^ (m)-'fm .2ff% f^cts i m n Tftt, vst., 'J. A'S A8; (ivs) W R g n - A T ^ t m
fiCT^ <^15?iicAH 1 mrrgn-mn i^te mfi^ 8 Anm? fii<Atv îAie<pRc^riSn-fsp m ^mmfn-f^R fmtmf^n w t f w t ^ , t^np;
mm anm ^ ^st i 'wt# (m)-m w n c n mm A ( i 8 ) m*^ wtmmft, fmrn w m m , m ^ - i m f | f t H , w r ^ t ^ ,
Anm? f^ÂH w AS I m>n mAttf, fnctm fniiictn mf*fi n ? % T i:8b %; i t . , 'J. s>8, ios. t . ; ( i f f ) Âimg w t i m i mm^tltf,
c m c ^ m^^3^ (1)-'^ tf ^lAiî mmtmn ^stm ^kitAb % ^st, i i , i b ; (ito) m f S F f A t f ^ ,
scm I ^ t mnf5 'S^mfmt, AtmfmmiT,mf^tii, is.^sb'(.; i t . , i .
w T ^ w t ^ (m) cnmtvst wtRc^ iî^mmcFs mfw f l c m i 1o-bff; ( i i ) Encyclopaedia of Islam, New ed,
mf^ fw 2(mc? 'timn fm?^ W W A fin i ^ ^ i ^ Aif^ Leiden i:i:, i t . , 'J. i o b - : ; ( i b ) m.m.t., i t . , 'J.
n?2}cAs ^ ffH I f f n<!in mci fmc? t m ^m^mflcm ( ^ m m 18A-8ff; (iS.) P.K. Hitti, History of the Arabs,
wTA-mg 8 '8J., 'J. iff^s), iqmf% f%f^t ^ "tmittr< London 1949 , PP, 201-2.
Stf?}5 c m w f s R ^ ffH m^ A i f A f%mm^ w ^ i ^mtw 'i.f?.iOT. I f c n A S ' f H
wtAmtcff ifffff? A t f A 'ttAtn R ^ ^tc R^mrnô ^ AtsicA i
^STRi^STT ^rtW-TfT^^ i^jj-ii >jl)s(m),
'tTAt? i f ? A t f ^ imft -^mni arpcn i^^mn^ AtsicA I
ittAR mtm m i n?t t f n ^ wtm mn m i tmai-m<pm n c m ,
f^ni5n-'^"^[css c n t c ^ ic ' S I A R nRR mif CA? i?,tTT A i o i
f%R mmf Rem i^n? Tt-n-Amtnit-c' m t t m <pRsit|en't i ^fit
t ^ ' m i ^ (m) t ^ '^m (m), win-mm'wT tnn "wifm (m),
mtrni t m mRw (m) st^t mmf ^tim? f ^ ^ ^tc A"Tff
t ^ - m ^ wtn-ATf^ 'wtRm t m ' S I R win-'Smfn ^
wRm w R - m f n ^^wf? n*imRiiicA'i i f ^ n e m ,
R^mm^s 49sicAF I f^'Ami^ 'ttmn m:tt fin i mf%^
mifi m^îilA ( R ) - * ^ R ^ StfnS f i n t i i ^^m m n wt^m^
mmfm^ fsf^ mmtn m ^ ^trAt? tmm< f i m stAt
(m) ' S I R (m) w t t m ?em i 'stn m^^îiTA ( R ) n f n r m ,
<t>!5?IICA'H I
wimAn ^ n ^ fittsm, f i R cmite'T? m\ w t i R t R
m f f w t ^ fmmf m-^mt f%R namt^ -^RC^F m i m ^c^
<t>Rsie^'i I t m A'i>stiit n e m , ifit niRif?? ^ g m i wt^wR^m
m f m (m) t m >sm%fR tpi'wR^-mAmn ms'SR At^-tf wR-m^ nfR w R mtff t t ^ mn i A i f i f ? w t A i R
nrm wn^tn Ait ^ f l m f l c m i wr^ wr^n (m) iimg tfm mat nfttff wri'sntf^R RiRtA" t m - S A W ! t s H mtm wtn-ntntn ^
t A R 'Stg a|fi<iln <pwi i
^'Rt <t=RiJieAF I A i f ^ A wi^ wRm w R - m f (m) nem, "wtfi
tmtffn'stemn
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W f "wlw
WfÎpT? ( t ) - ^ TO WTO? tMlô t f t W l mi wt?t? fiflc< ^sn^ '^rtiRRT (<-.jj^ ^ 1 ) s wt-^'w?? t f ? w f W W ?

f i R t W?-RN?TW ^ t f s ^^wm i" t f ? I H t <3 Wf:f"WWR? fWtww t f ? w<3ft w t - f w f wt-?T?wf, w?w?-.a? mm
?'=f?tW m^ ^ t f e ? CWtlW f?51?t ftsfw W W ?T? 1 WTW îf^f^t*!?^ (W?I W f . ???yW)l, f ^ oiV/SiOo-i) I
"Wost? Wf? -Wgrw fW-?'=11??>1C t t f w ^ W 1 , f?5^ W?I? # ? f tWt4 ft f ? 5 ^ Wtw W? Rtt I t? WW? f^f
wR<3 C i # t W 5 t , f ? W ?T? ?lt l" W t <3?Tf?sf t r ^ t <IR?|C??, t?tT4 f ^ ^ .3 WtS!? W t WTW ?1?, ?t?ttt? tt?T C4?C?5?fTOt?
W f , W ? ^ Wf^W? ( t ) - ^ tft W??sT?t^-WW? ^srfwWt? WTf? ^sif^Wf ftct? I t?I? t W t ^ t W Wt, ff? ?t??t?-.a? w f
W t f?wltct? I t ? f t - t T ? f ? Wf^.tw? ?ftWT:??, ff? w f ? (f?w?tlw) f4?w f w f ftct? I m ft3! wtw Rt?, (tf? 'WWf?5?,
f'Wf?w (W)->i? wt?itT?(? (?t?WT:t t?f?tt ?5W? mi fwf? w?-?T?tf 4^?f^),fi?Wftw?ji? t ^ w t w ? 5 t f f%t? I
fict? t f w t l W ? (W)->I? 1 wt-f?5?)?Rw-.a? ?'RT ^TF?Tf \ô) ff? W3! .a^tfw
a l t t i f s ( i ) t f ? TtWt?, Wt-ttTW, St., <t I "^^^ Sft?? ?5t??, ?1?tt WT?I? ftW4tt "J^t R^.'jfw ? l f l ? T F ?
s"g?iwiwsi^?^ t t ? tlt?It? iwifwo wt, W stfTtftt 'SIW? twit 1W?51;
W?-?1?tf t?fW W f ; ^TORt W p atf-sft ?Rw ttf14t?? I
^5iT| 'rtfH Jh-O s 'Wf? w t 4 ttTR .xiw? *t?g
.at wi?wi-.a? .at? .a?# R^tt?? f t f f e w f?5^ w t wlww-.a
WW #W? t t c w - W ? f?R w t t f t ? w f ^ o I Philby-^?
?'Rtttw ^ f R W f f w ? RjRf? w? ia?5 w t t f ? I t w twTiJtl ' ? f w 5 W t ? I twtww??w f ? i w t (R)-.a? w?tw wt?ttt? ? f ^
ftW f t f t w (W?1tR) ^ftvs?? 2t?T? r5? I t w ? t?tTt ? t f ? t f ? R W t WtWbW 4 W ^ t W t ? (^. f f ? 5 Wt-tR*f,
! l W ? t f ? f?WW? I t ? t ? Wftw (W? W? WW?) ^ <3 fwtt?
f^^jw, W t w w i W ( W f f t R ? wTftW) W? W t - ^ f ^ WW-
W?Tt ?>f?W t t w I ?I?Wlfw? 'srf^W^'lt W t ? T f ??jl?'tt^ I WTft[?W, WftR4 i ^ S I , 'J. i.JsS.) I W f 'WaW tWtt?t ?W
Wt, fwl? ?t??R-.a? m^ tl?lt (Witt wt-wTfw-.a? t f f t w ?
t^d? tâttt mm W?t ( I t / i o R W o T f ) 2tfwf%w
#??- 5R5 t # T W t w t ? ) f w o t ? Wt-W?ltt Sft?? I
? ? 1 W ? f tWTO? f t t t?t? 2tfw % f w Wf?w ^ I WW^
?5t??
s r ^ t i t 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, ii, 663; f%?lw, ? ? ;

io^<b/i<b^H TO tw? 4W^ st?t W W 1 t ? ? f W o T f t t t f ^
(^) t t W W f , WR-W?W?, t3t i^Jsi 4 t t . ; ( ) W^"w, ?t.,
W R W 4 (ttPTtW ?lf%R'f) w f ? ^t?T W? I wtW^ W t f w w t t ?
t t . ; ( s ) t f ? w t - ' w f t , f ; f w (w>a^
v3W??tfoi? W f t w j ff?t? ?5t?? ( i ? i i / i V o ? - o ) mi t ? ? f
Topkapusaray, W?RTW ? , ^S>?(t, S< t3! isb- t - i l S . 4;
?rttt f t t f r o ? I f t t f ? t t ?f1?W t f t W t t 4f?tt {i\<lrb/ib-8o)
(a) W?-?'TWf, f f t W (Wf. Topkapusaray, W W t ?,
w f ^ ^ t t ? ? fw?tw t t t ?5t?? I t??t? wtwt4 (WW) t w f r o
? ^ i o , S>t, asa-H); (b) ^ C t t 4 , w t f t W t - t t t T t , ft. i b - ;
fftw ?5t?? I W R wwt?? (.atTO?) ff?R t??t? ^ t f 4 ? W f f ? (s)tf?Wt-tWW,WRt?t, ?t., ?ss.; (br) F. Rosenthal,
?? I tWtw ft5? 2tfw?Tii W t t l t t t t t wt?tt4 w f ? ^sjRftt A History of Muslim Historiography, Leiden
C4?w W ^ I '[^fW f ^ t W t t f ? Wtt-â? W 3 F t t t ? W s F ? 1952, 'J. o i o , ob-S>, oS>o 1
WR?r?p-.a? ^?t ^?T tt .a??, ^fftt? w f ? twi'''wt?
wrt^ wrfw^n^ ( < j i i L t j ^ i ) s (w) t?R t w ? R
W R t?t Rstt? iStW W? I .at W ? t t Philby wTWtw? f M ^
W t - W ? f .a?5W? t t w f f?tt? 11?? W?W t?f%tt? wtw?
<>9iL^ R ^ WT w t I w s t ? W f W f R t?T?3Ftt ^ftW?,
t t i t ?sf??tt?? 1 ff? ?TR?, W f "Wtww ^ t t ? W f ?tftw-.a?
t ' l f f t t T t t t t ? <3 t f ? t t ^ - . a ? 'sifwtt? W t t I
WW I W f , Wf^ttW? w f t ? W1W3 t t l t ?ft?tt? I Wfi F'Wttt
st^tit ? ?'RtRf? s ( i ) Niebuhr, Beschreibung
?tt?, t?t Wtw wtw? w t f ? ^ ^flWt?? I s f f w t t ^ fwf?
von Arabien, 267; (?) Tamisier, Voyage en
Arabie, i. 383-91; ( ) H.St. J. Philby, Arabian ^ t t ? Wf, miwRt? w t W T f p t I wsSt?Wf^lW^ ( R )
Highlands i tfWR Tamisier, % f., i. 365-74; (S) Ww? t t t '*)t?ij=iwTfT5t <3 t t t T t W f t?1?W ?Ttt?.i
Philby, % 5f; (a) A.S. Tritton, Rise of the Imams t ? f t - W f ? W f F'W?t-.a? .at ?4?t Rfif? ?sf??Tt?? I f W W l
of Sanaa; (b) H.F. Jacob, Kings of Arabia, 51-4; fwf? ^ .3 R f ^ -^4m CWS! W f F'W?t^ <3 t?t W?tt? R f 4
(1) f ? t W t t f ? "wf W R - W W f ; W t - W R ? W-wTft', ?t?IC?H I W 5 . a ? , a t f w t t ^ 'y>iHij=i-^-tf7t ^5tct? W f
?t?t?l ioSV ft., i'^f., ^8o; ?t, b-b; (br) t ? 5 r t ? t f ? f?1? ?Tf^-.a? f ^ t t R , WW w s t , W? Wf'Wt?tW ^tct? t?I? ft,
W ? - R t w f W t - ? 1 ^ , t?.3W? W t - W S R t w i S ^ ft., i t . , C?t? t ? ? W t w ?'RT 4 R T T C ? ? 1 fwf? W?R Ctttai? WTTWt C?W
iSS-e, ^ i i I f?Ct? I W?W? Wt-W?^S?lf wtw??tt w t - ? i f ? ? f ? t ? R w
C.F. Beckingham (E.I.^) f^J^lt t t W t t f tt?4t?? I
t t w f Rscw?
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Contents
Ai8
8 (i) t m ATwra, WM-tRKI, iAb-, S t . , ^^R^ Rmcn RenR m, mm? csmR mB Rtif Rcmn
tjtRn m:m siRnRs AtsicA 1 mm-^tnmf 'siAin Rw^mAe?
At., ib-b-1 s i V i o b - o men tRi^Mt mm 1
s t ? t ^ 8 ( i ) Âi^ tn^-'gm^mn, wtnmn^-Â^,
mm. niftA'mAmst, C S A S R iVii><?, *}. iAb-î, is>to-i,
t m t*i,l>>-Aoo, W 5 . M Achena, Les ctapes mystiques de
shaykh Abu Said, tTtRn iS>lS, ito-b, ibto, ibS>; ( A )
<pRsicAF I t m 'wrnmn n<RT?i wRt nm, m% 'wtnîit
FJipJAi^n-Sm, j. vstob; () m*^ "wi^ mA, 'stmtfm
T[iRR m n (mmm A'ssH ^ t nt^^piA (T)-'im wtwrt fs
A"mt?5-,' i ; / i ; A i , At., Aob, A A , Affo, ffA-ff; ( s )
^?rt%m I
mm-t mRt>8?nmH, csAntn ijês. ^. it., oto 1
st?t# s ( i ) t m AMn wiT-'^h<i'hi^, wiT-t*i'l?l, St.,
M. Achena (E.L^j/ttnm cntn
i b ; (A) AlRsf tng;^ wm-nlAtf, ^mstf!^ Wfrnit^-TTAHf,
At., i b b i
j j j i i i ) 8 stf'o mn mnt m n r ^ ^ t i R t f ; mnc's? ^ - T f )
mnwRf ^fs^tfrr mR^ R m 1 R R mm iAS/iAS
'srr^ *^5rT^ ^ i ) ? xstM-mrnm t m -^rm W M -
icn tRf4it w n I ^sTAin # n f mte t? ^ atmtR^ ^tr
pft^ wtn-'tmTf, CT/iit t ^ c ^ m r s T t csf^ ^--^ ^ s i ^
mm mn, i^^RR 'vtrAtn mcsi? Sc^ *ivt<iif F cm ate? mm
wnrsi; R R s o A / i o i i - i A mm mtmTOT W t A t I tAt
mn m 1 'ttmn m*te mfRon S ^ 'wrfR ^'f^ nRs ^mftt
'pmrFwm?ôpraR?s5nf'^^^tA^t 1 R t F % m t % P !
^gmmft ( R R s boo/i;i-s>b) jte:? mm mn mme 'an^mn
wM-'îfm, ^ t R r , wMt m t m r n n ' s mRRs
Rntfff-%T ^tnc?R nRo ^stmnrn^rn??Seit WTCA i mmn
mtA-^n mmsrfms 1 R R RR^ nRg^R^ â sjff?i mRti-t^ # n f mte R R s (trm'it/n'3iTt t m # ) Rn?% w^mc? R R
njRwn'srsiw i m w n mat Rem 1 ^mmwn m:*u mn^wfn tiRtct? wiRn wRim^ Rem 1 mttten 'ttmn 9m mmn
tjtmtm nit R^"Tg5T-'5=T^ R m , RR ^stmn imm*f wtmiR^ jptt?^-%T tm?s ê mttm.^sRnrRm 1 *ri^Rt Rmen
mt^fmjnfittf^Rem 1 R R msm m# *iii2t5tn^ Rme^ nmRs atRt^t tic< t? ct? t<^ R R nm^fg m*RfR tRojtt m^
Rem, ifHt'sTAtn 'sien? tiRm's ? w t n mmn cnHn-a.nett mi ^lAM at t*iÂ F ^ c i ) Rc^t 4R?!? tn R R îTtmftn men
fitt?m m RsieA 1 R R *ifR ^te=m Rf%^ mtt tl<îei mmmwRRs m I "^fs osiesin i<ie<te*t R R wtfiA? RRti?# n f n
m i ^'^^tem R;^ mift A F iîn?, iit CA^ îitte^ i^^m ^ni'*i^R timnsm tRwtt w n , nRa R R 4eit?'^-m*)m
w m t w ^ w e t wttJiRs m m 1 miRimn tn R R mm?nn t t m 4ReF 1 'stme^ ^ ^sidfn mtRntn ^ (5.)-n
wt<pf-'iRit 'f minfk mam'sfn ws'f^ m liin?, tm s f f n m H A?!, wtmiR^s nt*f*tn nRrm wgmn ^RT AH 1 mm '^S^, R R m i cmn
cm^ m R S R stBTes? ^mesf ^Stme^ RemR mm mi sjffn atRR ^"ft mmetT? nRo isfRs Rem Rm cn niTtie? ne=fA
istH-Rwtm^ ttnmen wmm R<)i? ^ ^ttme^ m^stntt 'mcA I wTAtn # n f , mmvs va ^v|je?s c ^ ^^Rm we^w
cm I îiAtn stRt^t R R wTsmR^men ^ ^ S R R t ^ m\ SmtncFn S\n A 5 t , îWHR t i R t t wtm wmn-^fi mnR
tRbiRi^ AF, mAtm Rem wt^tn-^îRR ^nwtf wi^-Aimn miRcit*t 'ttmn R m tm nm ^pR?, nRâ attcm^s^ wRw
ttm^nf (5.) I wtmm^-^'SA^-ian n^Rm R m w msttn stR^ 1 xttAtn R R s mnnt nmimÂ Atn 8 ( i )
<lfmn%'s t c s ^ ^ w t % tRmmtfn ^"^SRieffn stR wH-^Pimtf ttRrnn^--^^ (^gntnmn n?,atA, 'mi^t^)-c^ S e ^ nm
mtft ^tntRem ^ n^Rt ^^Rmem 1 ^^wtf ^"fAfe^ ( W M - wrmiR^s oafcsin Stn RiRs tattnf, (A) Rmn-mmA (As, Soc.
'Ftnmfe^) fimen S t o *ti stOTRn cstntt cm mi tes ^sfn Bengal, Ivanow: T?,tTt iiJsto), niAtn R f W t n R R b l C <
4Fjie4 ^sTAtn 1R0 RmA cm 1 mmn m*R RmmnmRt^ mTfiA Rmmn iii??^ntmrf; () ^mmn-t wrtnrnn (ftm?) â
^ t n 'wtsft ^mnrn â m^^ wH-'mm% w m cmn n m f (s) m^^ t m i f mAWTtHmn (ntcFt, ibs>i) 1
w # t t mt I mm m?fR^ # m â ^^;^Rem Stn ^stAtn sr?t#t 8 ( i ) wrtm^-wttmn; (A) nmn-t mtmm (As.
tmn iflt nsm '^te wgnR ^ mn, tmn wtn-tTni# (5.) R m Soc. Bengal, Ivanow 2 5 9 , t 3 t . A - ) ; ( ) W - t mt^^
i^tAtn *i)Fj<i<pt msm m^t lOn^RR Alfc5S e^RH wFf-^Ftmtfn (A.S. coll. 'WT^t^ R^Rgjlm, t., taj S i i ^ ) ; ( S )
m c T ? ^ t ?Rt ^sRmcm 1 w^tme? R R ^stAtn get? misst^ Rnrt?m-wfwin; ((?) R?wnn-wmtn (B.M. or. 216), taj
tnmftR'sicmn
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Contents
Wf'wfwi-tt?mw ?i<t
Wf "w^Rc^f)
br'b W W l f ^ - R ' t W (Nizam's MS), W f t
(a); (b) s r t t # t 8 ( i ) t w ?TWf?, *WR-tRlW,' t t w i O ? v ' f t . ,
R^Rfjm, 'J. ? o - e ) ; (1) TOIft-lMflR ( f r o m R S ^ , 8 t . , i\ .
' w f RafwWrr);
tv5 Punjab Dist. Gazetteer, W W M
( I r )
? ? o - 8 ; (h) Proc, AS Soc. Bengal,

% ? i o - i ; 8 f?tww "4wg? ? ? t R
i l r S o i ? < t ; i V S O I
. f?^-?TTO(W.WX)/f?tTIwttWl'tf
^ . l i ^ i jj-o-c jJ) 8 (W) ^ f t ctftig? wf?s f l w ? ?ttw
l?tw W t - ^ i f t ?W ?? Wt-f?tf4"f? ?'f?tfWft ^ T t I
t w tlR?) ^. f t f R CStJlRRi I CSfJlR? t w w t^'^Tt

ctttat? wfwsw t t w t 'lw:t? w s ?t?w t w ?Tf?w
V^^<^
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t%t5[ W W W W I WW? . a ? 5 W W s t t (Wt?? W I de judicus

f?IW? R ? ^ tt?5ttt.^sjRtR www? f w ? ^tc R ? W
nativitatum) t S w l C f W f W ^ W r o t w ? i WWWW? (L
.www? ^Fowlt t t w Wf^[W? (t)-.a? w?ww wt c t t f ?
dJ <=Li) W?)? t ^ t|i?R 1
2tff?f?ww?w:*tT W f W R t t t w ' W W w t - ^ i f t
W^Wt^'^CW? flw? ?tf3pt? ( R ) w?tw? wfi? tiftw w?, f?tw? ? f w ? f R
I
^ w r m t ' wrH--5jn^ ( ^ : g . r (W) w? .a?^ wt?tw? f w 5

. L ^ I, ^ I ) S wwi?f ^ < w? w ? I
f W W f CWCH? W W % W W w T WfWW W t - f f l f WTt ? ? ! .Sftt^ tW^?fWt?, WR-tRTW, 8 ( i )1I 8 t . ,
cwca? WRW? C W 4 ''spft'^ t w 'ww-f??'-.a? c?wc^ ?Tf3W^ v5i f?IWW ??tR 4 S f g ?
wrt^ wrtf^r-si ^ - R t f l w ( U U L U I ^ I ) SW W -
(^ym w?tt? t t f t * f w w ? cwcn? w ^5tw Rff^w^
Wl??l4it?? wtww t w f t f t t - t ? R f - W K W ? 5 W R - W ? ? t f
(^ym sftw W f W J sfWR ?5t?wf|cw w ? t?tww t t w i ^ t
Wt-?fRft .a^w? f ? T f ^ , i?VH8o t f w tw? w?i, t ? ? f ? t w
^RÎitlW'f I W f w t w t ^ a|t%l?tww? ^'^^^ t i w ? t WIR?
?R?T? S t f f l w w t w w W W fWff^ I f f ? ( f ? W f R
WfTCW? W:*tT t i w ? 'W?fW? t w f?W, W ? - f R R t w W ? 5 ? R
w t - w t W ^ ) ^ w ?^ ?'Rf W W WW t w w , W v t w
afft :i R f f t?wc?? tww ,'5?f?W cwca? R W ? W f t t ^ t w f f w t t W W ? ! f t ? tf?'^ ^5tc tist? ?5f?Wf|WR I f f ?
'w?wf?w? wwt^ ^ cwg w*fst?wfft m WW? wtws? t?WRWTtJ ?'Rt?tft ftww f?wf5 ?tc? >a??. 'f?t? ? f i f?5^
tr*0 W f W t W W R - f ? f f t i w ? w i r s R i f ^ l ?"ff? f?. ? l f ? t W t t t f t ? w ^ - ^ ^ t w w I Ww?

rtt#t S ( i ) ^ W ^ T W ? , . W t - t t T W 1; (?) # ? f W ? W ? t f W ^ 5 I f ? f f t f t ? 4 t ? > S C W ? W t t ? f f ? ? ^ 4 C W
i t . , 8 ? 8 , 8 t ,
^ WW, WW-WfW4Ts, J??iW W . 1?., ?h>i-? I

Rft ?fw ?W ??, r5ft?f?t <ijf*<ti tft (t)-.a? ?#? ? ' ^
i t . ,
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? fttjt ? f t ? f i : w fttjt w? W W w w w ? w ? w t
C W 3 I
NSft^ vi||J1H| WfTr-nr^ ( ^ L i J I ^ L ^ l >^l) (W) (Goldziher, Muh. Stud., ii, 47, Eng. tr. 55) i W?t?
o
WfîW? (t)-.a? ttt W f , Wtw? tTW, t w w .wt? ?<Rf ww: ?w ??, ^ wtww 4 W . S WW w? w t 1 f t ^ . f r o s " ?
w?ww t ? w f>pF-.ii? f c g W f w?"ww wt-?Tt?st t w w?w R W W . S 'Wtw? w : t t ^ f i t I .at W R ? twtf? ?<Rf t t ^

^3
t ^ 4f5?iiw I t w ?'fww? ws t w w?w-? ?'f?t ftai .a?sw? wf?t? # ? f t t W w w t WfW w ? ?wft4 t k ? w t ? t ? ?fw5? I
^ t t ? t 5 ?fft W W ? w?f "^^j t ^ wwww t w f f W ? t?wt?w W ^ f w ? WW fwf? t ^ f ? f l w ? W I .at W ? x t t wfWws

1
W f w t w ? . w i ? ??.R-WtwT W W W? m% fR ttriStt W f 'Wt-WftR' ?W ^ I .at t w w W ? 4fwt? WtTT aJWS

Wtw? t ? ? f ??.R?? I wft?sff? .at?iR 8 W f w t w t w ?t^lC? ff? t? f R - f ? W , ? i V * W^,
I W W ?t?I?
i 8 V ? b r
wf t w w f t wtw', aftWf^ W f Wtw? tpl ff?F f f W ? t % w t W W I ; ^
f g W?WW I .at W?"WW t w f f W ? ?'1W? W f ^ l ^ (R)-.i)? t t t ^ 8 (?) WfffW; ftW?, ?t., O V ; (?) t w W R ,
Rt? W f W t W ? w w r ? w t???t ws?t ?i?, w?f t ? ^ R 8 W f 1W?5T, o t . , ?s><t; ( o ) Fihrist, ed. Cairo, 163; ( 8 )
t w wwf?, W??f?, 8 < t o - < t o ; (6) t ? f t - t W W , W?1?1W,

W t w ? w ? , "Wtt w 2fft?f? t t t f w ?ffa|W^ (t)-.a? t f ? 5
8 t . ,
? t . , ?v; (b) f t w f f , DM, iv, 416.

WW, W?W- t w ^ t w f t l W t I t ? wr?t? sit WfteI? R t t
Ch. Pellat, (E.1.2 Suppl.)/ CtfS t f w t t t W t
(W?'W) ?5t?WR I tR W W ? Rt? 4?wf? ( f W W W ) W W I
wft w t ? .at ?1twfijfwssfW?, ?ff3W? (R)-.a? t w wtt # ? w w r t ^ ' v B T t ^ ' ^ (. .-.^^ jî) 8(?t) .a?5w?wwft wttft 1
W ? W?t? Rtto 4?tW? ? # ? W I wtw W?, .s^ altwsftt W f W f ' w f w ? #?%w w*t?fw t w ?f?fW ftaf .aW? ? T f ? ?'Rf
Wtw ^ t t T O ' S ttt ? 5 ? t W W?C? W
W 5 8 t ? WWTC?? I ? W ? , W f ? f t ' ^ W f " w f ? " 5 t w ?"=fw
I f f ?
ttwf ff'SlWt?
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^RsRAFs iffwr ?H^piA (1) mft 5tc mtt? ^^tm wrmc^ PTIIN t t m ?>f?rm iii??.mf5-ira mnf mmtm 'mm? cRc.^'S,
m t w R I wtti 'mm? ntt* mft? ^tmi i mot-B W9 'm^?t?m w ^ ^tm t f ^ S t r ? t m tf^rF mi 'mmi^-f^' (mg
(m)-ifl? fH?i? f?im 'trmr^ mt^mn ^ f ^ w F i tfH wrmw? i f f m r i ? tic=iic<pi^ tmt? fm)-'^? (Rtm ?tf?irn 1
?tmH, w i o g ^ m^5[mA ( R ) 'Sm? (m)-iii? f n ^ 'mfmrn >ii?? 2r?t#t 8 ( i ) t m mwt? 'mn-îi^Mtf, 'mn-tmm st.,
'ttmw mft? ^^m? wi^mn wtmtmn i f^fn ?ift? ^ mtfim ios, R?.tit itos; ( A ) t m mw, 'm'-î?i<fi^=i-f?m it., ^ i ;
m^îptA (m) ??im i (o) mf?^ mmggfH'm? mmf, ^m^ffg 'mmitn - mmm,
wsst? ffF îi(iw^c<p m:^ ntm <^ wmnff? mmw sic?t At., ib-1 I
<pfSc'=i'f iii??mmw? m(n4t4 tt'smte ? f T O R i wmiiff sfî^ t m t i t f
m ^ cti? wttmr ?i5i5i?irA i^ym mjct mf^trm i W9 ^ sb\\iii[^ ^SNFîT '^SRT^ ^ 1 ^1) 8
'itm? mmft t Sm '^c mtem i tc? t^fn mR mftcm i^??. I H
mtm? ^ m*fwi? m:m S r i t w t r M F ^ 1 tR ib-ii.
?#?!? 1? f ^ ? f T O R , "t?5mm:? tm cmmm tm m ^
cmrmmf mm?'srs'f oqmr?i?mr5r wfAt?5(m 1
f i m f f m o ^tc? i" was-B 'Sm? (m) ^ t f ^ mm mi^r's wmr
ttm tTA 'm?wR mm m tm ? t '?it^ R r m i- îm?
4 f ? w F , ? ^ cti?t% ?i5i=i?iiA (^ym i i r t ^mtm i f ^ I
151?^ MFMR mA mmt ^ mRpr mA m t f t n m i atmr??
wsst? 'Sm? (m) ?fntm, "wmr f^rsn;? tm tm? ^ f^
Srim?^ tm^ ^ r f ^ ' m t m ?5r?n I mm^ w t A t % îAtrff?r^-
tif^tfmo ? i ^ ^ [ ^ ( T T ) m%rm, "tt! 'sr? tmt? tstfm
msm? ?rmA^ iiim?st? t i t w at^tr?? Srfrt csi?t ?5r?H 1 ^ I A I ? I
mmi: at^ ^tc? m s, ( i ) ( R t ?w t Q mm mm m ^ mm? <s\t csfm? 'Stn^tt 'mtm ^^F?m ?itt^tr? t n m i stmr?
wsiit 1mt?"=f ?5i:^; (c^) ?#? mm mm (R ^m fmi?=f ^ w
'm'siRrmt 1 ttn^tt? ^simrm f^fi tfsfRf^ n f i R
ii<f? ism m^ ^ ( ^ ' ^ ' ^ "f^) ?tm75 (R Mm t?'! '5ifr?.n?t mm? 'mf^'s 'sfmrm ' ^ ?m ^fmt 'mRtrrA 1 'wttm
m's'^tc ftSm? isfm siiRt ?5!:? r 'mf? t^tmiA ttn^m ^tr cmrtm^ ttm? 'amr?î? m n
tmim ?bfmm ?em, wt^ 'wrff? (m) ^t?5 ?jf% (wt^ 'wrfi wtfnm ?nf 'ittH ?5r?n 1 'wttm w t # '?tf? W ntnj f%^
(m) ^tc î?5 ^tm? im?m? m9i t%^ t^twHra ^stm? Smt m ?5r?n 1 ttm? f ^ ^ ^tr f f tmr? mtfi?? ^ ^ ^ R ^
j>f?mv I fR'jnfm t m w n ^fln^msm? a t t r t ^ ^ A??^ wt^;?^
si^t^t s ( i ) t m Ai>sti? 'mn-*wR[?mmf, w H - t n m , st., tmfff (i\ym fn^? ^tr ?n?^ 'mm ?t?'wT AT? m? '5f?n?
^ ' % r stAt W ?5RTFMF5 mRm ?5r?n ^ t i f i)l^?ilA-^?
gm^R t m t i t f FN^ ^tr wi?f ?Tf?Rt (mA' m??5) ?n?^ t*t^ ?5r?n 1
^ " ^ s f t ^ (^,_,,r ^ 1 ) s ( m ) t s ^ m ^ ' w r n ' ^ (m), '5po8t? fR ?#m>m 'm%rt m m t m ^tr f f ^ r ^ nfA ^î'^.
?r^^[mA ( R ) ? ^ m t m i T f o m i mmf flem i s?t m m. mn ?#srt fn^gm stwtnm ?5r?n 1 m^ ? ? R (?) 'mrfm
? T f ^ , m i ?fmt i ( R A? I 'mn-mtif' ^--5:11^ wtf? nrm ^<st s t f ^ ? m ôimr^ '5rt?Ttt%?s mm^^ mj^
? ^ w n , wTi; 'wrfi (m) ?em, ?r^^ptA (R) tf%?^ ?5f?m ^m?m cmrm 1 'ÎRH m^ ^tAt? 'sRfr'i? nft m?m? Rf^ 'îrn
mmft t ^tim? ^nmm mm^ mtc^ fsf&MNN '^Rm mt^ m''sf-n%A f f 't?%t '5[?.-t2tAt ^Rr^ tTr?5ni ^fbc?t
wifi (m) mnrm, "wTtmm ^ît ^1?^ t m t fr? s f m ?m f%R mm ' m m f m # titf%mn 'mtm ftmr? attn^ m
mm^ wtm? m^ mi wt? ""i?^ fmr ?itt? mn 1" W N I sttir m# mmm ? ^ 'mfn tmm ^Stm? n A t t f
wiogt? ?m ?T353?nA (R)-(?p ?Rr? mm ^tm ^tn I'fkr nfn^ ?f I'm^?^ (?) nf^ # f ? ^ firm 'oôfm R R wf?4t?,"t
(m) ?PiWH, "m^^pTA (R)-'? ttr?? fm:?s? t % f w?.t >4IRFJ m n îtm? mf^*(j 'stf^mtt ^f?m wtmtRi?^ tmr? nrtt
w ? ? i ? ?ft?itA 1" mmft t ?fnrm, "wTtR w ? w?i5st ?m '5f#T?>r?n 1
f ^ ^f?m tm 1" fR ?5?r? mRim m^î^ {^ym w r "wtfrn'm^ ^stAt? #?rH? fnm^T VSIRîltio W N f n stmr??
5?!?^ ?5f?rm mi f ^ ?sf?m f^rm 1 ms%^ f%R 'mrsf 1'5Rttjt??TF^stAt?mr^tnmnstAt W ITFR(Rtf%i
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^tm? sR- ttr?? s ? -^rn? m?tTmf?t c^fttlm f ^ ^4?? ^tr w(mf, ctm? m^nttrnn m f i R , nrttA^ ctm? (Rttmn,
SfSm'mrmi ' mfSf?t# iiimr?^tir?? mf^ff ÂN? ^ w ? At? fmfRm mmtm
infmr tm m??m rnn-^m?'^ ? ^ ?5r?n, " W T R m ? ^ f?rtnmr? Sr^trmtr 1 tIR 'm?jtf%?s 1??r?? S t ? InR? ^m???'
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tnrnf t?'5r?st^
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Contents
WfWTnw(?t) W f t ? R 4l(?t
^grwRs Rs^ tr^fgrft w ? I wt?m w R t âiwfl w 1%^ aR^ f t R tt?T 1W? R f c ? WtTt?T C W I W??R fw t R WWW
fCg f t f f ftlRCt ? f ^ ?t?ic?, fR ?Ct?, "wtt t f W R fw
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^ t W W? I f w R S>o ?'^t? ??t3T W?W i W ??Wt, ioÛvS
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sttt#t S ( i ) t m c ? ? f7#IR t f f ( W R t t T f W ? ^ " W ? ^ , t ? R f W ? ? T W f ^ W - ' ^ #4.tW? t R W R 4ew I
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fiCfS WW I . t ? w f ? f t t ^ ?Tfw RfW w f fwn?e?s f??T? W W I
f^ttWttf 8 ( i ) t w TTWR W t - ' W W T W f , WR-ttT?f, f l W
iv5?b- R., St., v5t.; (?) t w RfW, WW-WT?f4T?t-f5??f, '2??tW
r ^ l ) 8 (W) t?? 4 1 ? R t?? W^W?
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(W)-.a? t f t w ^fW? C3?t <pfi*ilf|cii, W f W?WW f i f t ? wt?nR? ( J ) 8 C4?
WTJWt I (t?eW)-.a? w f f (g.) ?fw?5cR oswwR w t t w o t , i?j/iv5?j
^ t t ^ 8 t ? R . W W R W R - ' W W T R t f , WR-tRl?t ^ w e t f w R w?IsT?t W W I WfW? f ^ W f t - ? ' T W ? 'wf
Wttff?R-tl3nW, f t W iO?b- f?., St., 8 1 *R?i*s?Te? t?fw? ??et? t? ? t ? tww?! R W R t?ew atwji??
f?mttwtRf ?sf?WflCt? w t ? 18Vi8S. wet fwf? f?WC4 W t t W o t ftWTR
wrr^wrt^TTfw ( x . ^ i ^ 0 8(w)t??wi?wwR-wwf, ctRtf ?sew I t ? f R w?tie?? R'îwte ff? W w f^w?, c'flw'f
.a^w? w w f I WTW? W t wwjfrt?, fw^Wiw ' W ? R I fwf? f^RiafRf"!^ ?jRRc<^'f (wf?R W W fict? .'J%f? ^^twwff)T
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t w W f R w u t f f t t t .at ?JTWTR .a?ww cw?t w w , 9m c? t4t ttt?e? ?sTw ?= ^Rnflct? ft? c t t e f t ? C ? R
W f W?WW (W) 'f??f WRfwtCt? (WR-tTR4RJt-W"9?13?) WR4i?? ftsfit ?tw tw<3 ?5ew I .at?it ftfSR -sitfttw? tt?T
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WIW? tC ff? ^ t l R ? *^W?ipT?? W W f?f? W t R fSf at?t t t J t R tfw?lttt? 'sfR ws^'f'f .a?5f5 f R 1
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'Wft? t w w f w ? R? ?T?RT t f ? R %f? 4R?lf|tt? W?IC*1T w f ? w - f f t f ? twf? 'S}?t W W WW .at?R wf?R 9m'd w w
W f ; w w t (W) f l c t ? s f t t ?jf^ I ftw?WWTR ff? Rw t i t I f^tw? ?IT?f ?f??ff .aRf?te4 ^ RtftWFS^ ?R1 f?R
t R ^ - t l ? W ? WW'W?fpt?W R W WR?tf%R? I tesfW f i t .a?i t?fe fft c ? R g w RtwiT w W W , f ^ i f w?f
W f w ? R R W f ftw? I WC? Rf? tw? "W afi^ ^sti;: ^ W f i t W 3 I ?5ew ?'^Rew WW i tff, 'w?ft-?fw (j_._c
aff^ C?t? RTW?TWf ?fWlt f f w t C?ltc? I f?R f ? W t j i j j i)-.a? R?^ ttc ff? cettRf? ^5(f4TO Wwf t ? (ioe?),
wf?w' R? w f f?>?H t w ? i w I ff? ?t?-.a? few wR5}?t mi .a^t ?'S.W f f (Bougie-<(_jL^) W t t ?5CW I W8W
HOH/i^(tH wet f W t f W (Constantine = ^-.jU,-, , a)
t ? f R - W f ? Tj7 f?WR CW?t W W , W f , w w w fW? w f t ^sifwR W W mi RSRct Rcsic* www? flwc? f??T? ctRtf
?f??R fw wt?R-.a? t? f^)<^^t ?scw I R f .at ?TtWc? tcw W W I f?s^ wi?R w?t?rwf w ? ? t t fpfttfw .aww? w?ffwf
?1t?fc51 C4?w ?w W f W R i t (w)-.a? f ^ R ? ôfTO f c t H 4W W?wr^ ^.sw? fwR C4e? 2fwTf?w? t5c^ ww ?? i
t t w f t?'Se?t?
t.R.5/?V
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Contents
Wf tlTOWI-wf ?ilr Wf't^'SLW: W=T-"4TF
W t w twt tt? (RTWaFrs w (He5/iJb-) I .at W ^ R I # ? f w ? t t WtTO f*rw? 'Sifgau t t w w s t ? t t ? R?^ cw?
wt?m tft? W R - f ^ w t w w t w t?ftw woTt ?!c?R .a?^ wtw? fwwcw .a?i wt-4T?w<3?tw <3 ^ t t s i w f w R w t w f%w3s?
^PM t t ? w w t M ? c t ? 4 W (W?w ?!w? I .ittsKt .a?! ?i?i<ttit4 T5*rW W o W W WIW? f?Wi ?'*N f t W C ^ l-.^?f<M?tt
stlWW t??l? Wft%W? f ? tw? wwt? f p t l ?? I W T W C 4 8t/iGt W s f f ? sjf?^ W t % f tw?tct? 3 ? l f ^ W f t f t t t w
aftf^ s (i) t ? ? W t f ? , His des, de Berberes ed. de t t J W W I t^?fotwwfTOttTO??t^''tRf*IW]?wtRWfilTO
Slane, ii, 423-42, iv, 287-319; (?) t?ft-WfW?, ?>l?c<3 f ? ^ w w t 1 wfwct? w t w ? .at W ? t l ? ^ ??, W f ,
?t'swr5?-1?tlt?, t w t . < 3 ^ . Bouali G. Marcais, 23-5, ttTO K^S^ w t w ? m a t f^%fR?s w^wmt?' t t ? t f t ?
79-84; (o) H. Jerrasse, Hist, du Maroc, ii, 62-6; ( 8 ) s t ^ f w l ? - ^ i W f l c w I W t w w fR f|cw:f?wt?? wwt?
M. van Berchem, Titres califiens d'occident, in t ^ tWC?^ ffW? I W W "^CW stvsj1.iNcH.sl, t?, Rt?, w f ? ,
JA, 1907,1, 245-335; (6) G. Marcais. Manuel d'art 1R?S"? W#f<PWW WWt-.5? SiR W ^ W I f^fits?t^wt?
Musvdman (1927), ii, 494 t. I F*tw w ^ W W ?i?i<i c w i t t v f R?)i ?c?, ?? t f t f ^
G. Marcais (E.1.2)/f. w ? ^ W ^ t ? c w ^5tc wtt?. ^RsrtRctt- .a?^; t t t c t ? wRt? t ? ? f
WW F?M?ft '^WttW ^tWflCt? 1 t t ? ^ twf? f f ? v5f^3W?
t?? w f t ?1^/?TesitSt (?) Wft#t W 4 ^ ; t?W WJL W t Wftttct? tRo tat cwttcwt ? W , 4 F ? c w mi ww?t F ? ^
t?W? w t ? ?t?W? t t f W W W f . O'be/ JH<t W ^ 0'bb-/SHb- t w T O twc4 wtw? twtf wRrst, .attR ifjsi-ffi .^stc.ft?
w c t ? ttstT I .at tt?ww? t t w t ( R t W ) ?tiw w t ^ R W t W ? t w aJTO Wtcw? I #?fW?tet?"?f% w t T O . t W ' F^^FCTO.
w?s? I Rtgtwfw ^?i?? t ^ < 4 W w^4 T W T ? fi:<ttT ? w : t t e s t .aww woT^ w R 4 ? "ê?; w w t W t e s t ?sw wsm
twt? ?ttw t t t w ? tWfWt 4I?w<3Ww I f ? ?5W? I uqt '8?^fiF, .at T 4 T F^^tcw? te?j F?W? t?? W ? R ( g . ) ^
wtw? Rrosfw? t w j t?et?wtw t w t w t w Ret? W t - W t ? f t f W - ? wtws? tvittt'i? ^5ifrwf ^(Cw ?]rR, 'stt?>i?tl? t??
(f. 8 0 0 / S 0 S ? - ? . g.) I twt??softW? t ? ? 'W?ttt-W?? (g.)-.a? W W ( f . 8sVio?v).F?R 5wwwR" f?w? Wt^-^^5^
t t t w ^^î-t ^Ryil^w-f ?ttw WW W? mi W 9 F T ? t?R^ (lltiiw< ^5rf?W?5 WfTO W W t s t ^ ?5%fflcw (g. Ch. Bouyahia>.La
4^ 2SI?W? f W t t W^fl? Ww?t? ,t*tlf^cii I wtw? # ^ % W ? t t vie lltteralre on ifriqiya sous les Zlrides. T u n i s
?^îw? wtRw fwwt .at s f e t ? wRst tegt ?sw? wt 1 1 ^ 1972. 67. 116) 1
W o l f ? twt%? w w t twt twt? W W t?!w wft? w â?^ Wf, tfwet? Wt? ^?sft ftc?j?>8 t T ^ t s t t w ^ i w?t
tB?W ? 5 W 4 ?t? tw? ^sitwWtt W3t I W?t twf? WR?s W? ^fflfWW ?^'f"^ .^FWfw t ? ? t ? f ? 5^^ IGRF^ .
^4F??tf?et? m\ t f e j t t f t ? w p ^ t r t ? f w S S*5i f*tw siTO f t ^ t w t??tflf ? ^ ê ^^jt^^W4 tc*t ^taW'sWR
WW w?? I os>s>/ioob--54 w w t fwf? w t w w wt-wf?s-wft ( f . 'SFFWAR tsfwt? t w [WTO WTF?t.t?? w f TO' (frowTt,
8OO/ioiog.)-?ftWflWtt^ W I ?tf%wf t?t? t w w R f t i??-o)-U3F!r ttt .^?st]:T 8?l/ioe-.ls t f w f ? ^ t ? 5 W T O I
w? w ? ^ flet?, f^^ ?twt-.a? cwst fwf? tlwt? w w w f mi ^5I?W t?? W t f ? , Berderes 11, '67-.a? W; t ? W l ? T C ?
.at t ? i f ?tww%t fwt?.?^w^ t w f w o .a?sf5 wo?tw? 8 8 O / I O 8 B - - 8 J WW; t?? t ? t f , ?t?ft, O t., ? 8 ? - . a ? te
^ s t ? W W W ?se?? ?tw t ? ? f w w t t t w w j wl'5te? Rt? 888/io<tA-0 W W .a??, t ? f t - W f t ? S> t., ?<Hr-<t5-.a? tC
WRs}?t ?sw? [g. H.R. Idris, Essai Sur la diffusion SSH/io^b WW w f s t w l W f , t f W e t ? f^wseat: cwtW? w ? ?
de rasarisme en Ifriqiya, in Cahiers du Tunisie. mi tw? W 7 T f ? t f 'wRttet? ^w? ^si^ t t t f l ; tsflw .^t
2. (I5<to), i 8 - < t ] j W t w t "^tew twf? tw? StWJtWo? w?? t?twffe?s f w e t ? F^tw? WW .a?SW?f*fw C 2 I ? t 4R:W 3ifc?f?
mi l?l? t ? W f . 8 O ? / i o i i WWf f t t ? "^tW Wt-?si??t.a?fw W T O I W f . t t T O WtTO 'WW? W ^ f^CTO W t 2 I W ? W ? ? I
t W I t ? ^ W ? ? I t w Wf t?f? t ? twt? C 4 ? t W f . 8?<t/ioOO-8 t w f t (^La. J = w?f ?<RfTO) W W .at f ^ wtw? t?w ctc^
Rtw 8 ? ^ / I O O 8 - ( t W W w?<tM? tw W W 5tt ?rftw w? sfww^Wwnflcwi ctc?t^?jR.atwc??ww'w?iw?t??
4 W < 3 .at t R w t ? ^ ?tt I i w w w t ? , 8.00/b- ioOJs wfw? TO 4 C ? ? (g. W t - ? F 4 F , Description de.
W W fwf? wt?t? f??Tf5W WR?W f:s]??t 4 W ? I wtw? WfWtt? FAfrique septentrional, f W t^, tTtt?t iS>^<t,
ffwt m w t w t t ? wt-ftw t?? w f t (g.) ttRw f l w ? 1. i-bd-bhii-i^; Wt-^"Wf'T-W<3fT'I?Tt s S> : A. Bel. La
.a?sw? w t w ? t w f ? ? ?ir? wtw? twf?ws 2fW ?w T?! I religion musulmane en Berberie, Paris 1938,
WtTO ??5*i? .at?>s wt-?TO?f<3?fc? ? t w ? *I^ccaL*( 1 215; G Marcais, La Berberie musulmane et
ttwf F?'SCW?
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Contents
AiS> Wl^tl?fn W H - W R 5 # (?T)
rorient au moyeri age, t T t f r n iS>8to, A,v; H. tmttH? mmict sav Srgt ?st?mcm); (i8) t ? ^ t m n ,
Terrasse, Histoire du Maroc, ^JMdl^l iS8S>, i t., mm?f, t., A81-V; (ia) F. Bustani, D. M. ,8 t., 8b^;
A i 8 ; J Boseh Vila Los Almoravidea, R ^ S H iSsffto, (ito) I?I?4^, mtmm, b t., Alb I ' 5 i g % # ; ( i i ) H. R. Idris,
8{; a. :A1-Murabltun) l I w R g ^ - n m t ? (>iTf, E. Ziride, R ^ ; ( i b ) Idem, Deux maitres de lecole
Levl-Provencal. Fragments historiques sur les Juridique kairouanaise, ...in AIEO, Alger, i t.
Berberes au Moyen age. ?HT 5S>8,to&)-ta<rwsafa (i&aa), 8A-too ( 1 ? ^ W[%R 1 ^ sti'tftRA I
cnt?s. n<m '"RîiCAH, lilt ^ mH-'?mR|m:^ Ch. Pellat (E. 1.2) ^ A t ^ t m g ^
f r m C T n wfW0 mmm A t r p^lfWt^s ^\îtvi tRcs S p ;
(^jL^vi) 8 (m) ^ t>i?i*fci? mm<i?iS1 'mi^tim^'^mR'^

lilt R^'ssii "mm; liit "t^jfiJ
m i Rm:^ mscsti mtc^ i mt^ 'Sm? ? r m , ''stm? m i ?nt
mm ^ m tm ^snim^smf I R # J A - ' ^ simn atm*R w mm mmijt
ttm. mc^ 'im??' (j... _.) i t ? ^ - m ^ 'mR-mm?f
-0150)13 sfft? %r 1 ^lAW f*tmn*f ^sttRf citt'Rs f w Rsic-tiCA
nfmirfn '^mt?i?' (j_..^. s) i m r ifl'^ n-Rt? ^siAt? m i ?nt
^rm? w i m t m mw, vi<*?i*ii, i t., 880), mm?
At?icA^Rm?(j.ca^) I mtn wtmtft %mf? I isî?t ??,i!?^ m^j
ittjT mRf '-flsi m ?Rmt TO A?, ^m? <iscm 1 ^sim? ^sRt?
'wtRst emil? % m ?RRt ôiaiw 'mn-'jRff 'mn-'wtlilR ?m
i ? m ^ AtsicA, Rct^î" w H - ^ m r n t i f t f ? R'm? sir?
A? I mM-mtif) m n t ^tmr^ mmft ?Rm ^ t ?5Ritcm i
('SIR mk?p? ms^ A'sm'SfS^ I nsRjef-^n^
'wtn-'s[?Atit^'->ii 'wt?gn t t f mmtrm, "RR ?TR 'wt^
fe-gtftRiSmA?tt?itg. Brockelmann, S.ll, 961;
t*i?i*fi' ^mtimft'm? c?sr mmft Rem m i" mi-^m?? t m
Rm^-mmtn 'QMN'MMTWMI?5ar?i3[iim i o , ioa-iii) s ^ R o
<!i4<t>i? -$iii?"ieti? ?<f-^mo3 Seat 4R?icAH, m?m R t o "wtR^
^tmcf liRt ^ T ? liimi? m # t R mtn-tA'^msi R-mrntRn
t?fm-AtRf t?RR-R?t^" t m 'wt?Ri-m? mi?s ^ptR?
rniARsiRn-tmsNm^ftR Im RmRr-mmtn 'omn-'mmTR R - w #
iifAntC'* mi^t'i?l*tn mH-R?ft mi^ m ?jR R?tA <t>l??lRW'i
'timPfn-nsTf af^^mfmsR m's^ AtsttA ( i 8 A R, i888) i
liR^S?^ ê^ IAR1? tl?!**^ mi?5 ^[CJR iSRI At?tRh I
^mm? R m ^ - ^ 'wt^^- 'mMm-^^'smm mf) tm'-m t m A'l'StlM? le mm i<it ?jRt 'm^t'H?l*rt 'rnn-wHiiH i
S'smisit??'wsi (mmR^, i t . , (MS) -iR^RRtmnn^mTs R R ? T f t e 'wt^tn?t^''Smti?tftmR c?!^ mmft Rem m'
RslcAH I tm mriR R R R ? ^ 'on^l^ m%5?: ixrasf? R?,^m temê^SîRo 'wt?gT-mf? ist SRfDc^-s ist ?ê<J? m R
^RîilwF mmt ?R5 'mcf mm i^wt^ mm Rn;
t^s?tm?i
mt? 'ii?sf? RstA?im ^stm? afR mtiRlR^ A ? i ttnctiR ^stm? f?R^ ^ ' m ^ t r n t ^ m t R o ifiRsI? mf^ ?Ro AtmeA I
mwtt?-'^ '4?sf& m#ift aiMRsicf m ^ - w t c f mmt nRs 'wR^^-m^m^-'^? ^ '5te 'mA'iR t m A t m n (m) Aif aHJ
(Brockelmann, SI, totoo-i) i ^^Rm-Q sjR Se^?sf?mei?Ti liRRt?l^*tlsilA(R)iiRe^taie?t^Ren-t i'sm
'mr?iRs I ' m ^ t m i ^ miR tRcsRem I ^5f&^ cm^ ^Rem cAmtiiA?
an[t^ 8 tcmm:m S ^ S^R^T^C?? mRR^ g. m^m^ m ^ ! t R tCTt?jR I ^R m m m, mge?? i f t '^m ?em
# ? f ^ ^ S s R i ^ ( i ) tsR", -mmfrîR mmlms, >i*m. mt8 m, egmR mme ?em m w^ft*, R R R'?n m m ?5em i iflt
?i"?l?, '??!% 8 t., ioA-to R ^ ; (A) t m m#, '^m Rm ?i>ifi?iiA ( 1 ) ?Rem 8 >4|Ale R., 88-e; ( 8 ) ^m^, Rjfti's m m ?sRô ?R I l i i ^ RSmI? 'mn-mff m ' ^
mi^-^slRt'S^ ttf Rs#i^-^1<3S?!, A. Foure. ?t?t^ m?A t m mift ^mmR? ^ w t ^ t n ? ! ^ ê R ^ R^?
iSMjv, to8-ib; (e) 'mn-m%FR-m??f5f, ^ - ^ - m ^ R . : ^ ^ ^ ^ , mm? ? ^ ?5t?me^ i m t ^ t m i ^ mm, "?P3^ptA (n) ^lAie*
m*it. 'mn-t^; R S R i s* t., A H A - ; (^) ^"mnf, wmom, c?t3 gst?iR w??i? ct#tm ?Rem, mm? R AtaitA? etiei?i
^mmRt is(?A, n? Hs.i; (1) t m mt^mn, R-m, n? i A A ; (b-) ?R5[, R R ifit?it mmo 'Mmtem i 'stn m^îiA ( r ) i^ ^m
g t ^ , ^ R t , mRi, i v i r 8 , n ? i A ; (s) t?^-'m??i?, m^^Rm, ?Rm%m r '^mD ^ i R i aj^ê? A'lf aI?? ^ m&m t m
m \sm^<^H^'î (m) ?Ro AtmrA i t m 'mt??tR (m) m m ,
vWsJsi; ( i i ) R i m t , ^"W^, t.,-5.V8-to; ( i A ) tsTf, '^mR, "?lt*l?JlA ( R ) ''KgRR t^'nt mn'^^R:Rem I liim m ?
t., b o i ; ( i ) tm'mtflRif,'^pfst, t., o (11 RR'm^ f^Rtntet? mf'wHi? tmîwtfm cmm ' m ^ t m t ^
t i m f Rse?5R
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Contents
W W isRs .?i%w cwf%w f i t w R r tw? w f%f? RBwf? c*m tlw^, tww, R. Dozy ? s ^ l?w1? f t s ^ f ^ ^ t f ^ , Rech, - i t . ,
?br?-S)S mi tf?f^ ?.! (Poeme d.Abou Ishak d'
Elvira Contre les juifs de grenade); (s) W W ,
S t . , b-H I Hist. Mus. Esp., o t . , Ho-^; (a) E. Garcia Gomez,
U n alfaqui espanol : A b u Ishaq de. Elvira,
CSI f ? t W T W S f ^ ??5RR
Madrid- Granada, 1944; (6) Brockelmann, SI,
W f t ^ ^ T T ^ * 8 (g. W ? - W % W f - % t # ) I 479-80.
E. Garcia Gomez (E.1.2)/f. W ? f t t l ^
tlll^ t ? ? W W ^ t ? ? W % T W-^5#fl 11)
wrr^^5f^t^-wrt5r-^ptt%^ ( ^ j i A J i jLîj_,i)8
W W f f ? C t % W t ? f ? W ?sf? I 1?Wt (?fWW?,R#
t ? ? t f t t ? ? ' W f ( f . O'ttAb-'H w e t ? fC?) S < / i o t w s T f e w
t t % l ? ( E l v i r a ) ^s[f??if % W T i f ^ l W W s - W 1 W t w ? ( W W
?tWftCW?Tt4?tW5BlJt?^"f f C t ? t ? ? t 4 ? t , Wf?lfw t t t t t W I ?
? 1 W ? J ? C ^ ) W W I j W f ? (8i)r/io^H-b-Hi/i8b'b) W^tf WWW
.l?sw? fittJt I W f 'wf Wt-Wf?f W?-?WWf ( f .
i?nii? t w fen t t % i ? t H W t t tsRw t ? I WW? #??'raw't?
?5f?
w t w t w W ? I twf? S < / i o t W a T f ? C W W W W?mt ? S C ? ? I

v5b-s/SiS)S) [ g . ] - ? f^ ftttc? tf? .at W o f f ? tTrrotf??^:^?
ftf? f?ci?rc? ff? 'wt-f?i??iw-.ii? f ^ t t
W W W ? ft? ??,% W ? l t w W f t t ? ? ? 1 ? C W W W ^ ? n w ? s T f
?1W t f W cww* S t t t W W w f t t f I c t ? I ff? W t W T W t t w
" w f t ? ? f ? t W t t ? ? W ' S W - ? t f P ? t i c t ? .3? .54^ ttc? t*tW
twt'? f?wc?? R f w o T WI? W?Wf|ct? (G. Troupeau) i
Ww tt f I c t ? I t w t ? W t t W ?TCWJ W f f w ? apt??t1? etwtc??
t w c w f t ? ?sf?wm t w t c f t 2t?stf w ? ? I t r t t w w ? t f ?
tf? tsfwt? W : t a atctw, f?ct? W ? w ?=w R ? c ? w i ? t ?
W f ; ' w f w t - w f ? f ? R f W t fc?? ? w t ? f ? t n ? t w f ? < 3
tT5[C?t W - W t ^ t ? ? w w w w w f u c w t c t w ^ , c?
?5f?
W t - f w t ? T # ? t t T t W b W 4l??Tc?? I
88b-/io<ib-H W W ftWt? t ^ 5 ? t f W t f ? i C f t ^ WT W W < r a ,
a t t t # t 8 ( i ) W f W , t w w , i t . , ?oS-<t; ( ? ) f f w ^ t , f t W ,
wojfw '3?5^'jf w ? i ? f ? wf?^ ^4=t ?w? twt? t ? i ? t w c w t^
i i r S ; (va) G Troupeau. La grammalre a Bagdad,
?st?wi? s t t w ? m f t ? W T I t ? t c w t c R ? tft, ?tww? ?tf*r ctc?i^
in Arabica, S)t. (iSs^b?), oJsJs; ( S ) R. Blachere, Abou
W f ^ stTWMt? ftc??W W I t t f w ? T t ( S i e r r a de Elvira)
Tayyib al Motanabbl,tTtt?t iSsvae, % ? S ? i
W t - t W C ? ? ?lt?wl? '?W1?Wf tt?T4'C<)> ? t ? I t 4f?CW W W
M. Berge (E.I.^ Suppl.)/ ^ ^ t ^ t t l f f ?
W ? ? I f ^ t ff? t f ftw? W?? tft I c? s t f t w ?tw?fw4
ÎtWlfS? W W ft? t j t t w W ? ?5RwftCtt t ? t H) twt?, 8(JSi)/o wn^ wrm-^^nFi^ ( ^ i ^ v i ^^.^ ^1) 8
f ^ W ^ , i o . ! j . i > W t t ? C t t s : t 1 ? w W W W ? f ? t T l W W | f f?C?Tf W W ? tW?Tt t f w 8 'W?ft-Wfw t?? W ? W ? , t w l ^ fff?
fftttfe W?t W ^ 5 t w t r o W l j w t W ? t ? i C t f a m f t f i t 1 1 ^ w?wc?? w t w t e t ? .a?5 W | f f?1? w f ? ^ t t f ? ? f t t n wtftw?
t t w ? C ? t C W t ? ? W W W W W ? t ? o o o ^ ? f t ? f??W ? ? 1 W f f i c t t I wtw? W o W W t f l l S ? t W T f?Ct? t c f t C W W t w W W f l t ^
tt?i4- W t - t t f f m fw? t ? t c t t ?.tc?? (sdii/io'b'K) C W Wl-ffTR? WW ttWt ? t t?t f?? I ff? f t t W W W
WtCt-ttRWfW?? I f w c w tf?5Ttt . W f C W R ? W T 1 T?t?filRR'^ttR?lT W W
wT?t? a t ? t t c s w W f f t ? s t f 4Rwtf? ? j t w W ? t ? filR D o z y ^5lfR f S l W t ? ' ^ f ? i o t W s l f t w R w j t R f i t I
W W ' j : ^ f t t w?5?t ?5?Tc??, ft? LA?!!? ? s t w - t w t ? ?ittw a r t t i t 8 ( i ) W t - f ? i f , W t - W ? t ^ - W f 4 W , i<t; ( ? ) t ? ?
faille?*! I t ? t ? W w t s R 4 f ? w t t t ? f t W WT?T1^ mt. W W f ? t ? ? T ? t , f 4 t 1 t , i , i i S - e ; (va) R t ? ^ l l f , ftwt, i^blr; ( S ) W t -
W ? t w ? T i w ? f 5 w 1 1 ^ f ? T c ? ? m^ Wfttft .awwfwtw W 4 f f , f^fwTW; ? t . , sTb--S) ( S . de Sacy, Chrest,
(Escorlal) t?.?fw WC? ( t l t l T S o S ) mi (E. Guacla a r a b e 2 , 1,116); (a) H. Gratz, Gesch. d. J u d .
Gomez) /Sl?5l? w f w t t ? f'sWtf? sfWR 4t?WW? i t?t mm Volkes'*, V . 173 and note 17 (by A. Harkavy); (b)
Encyclopaedia Judaica, g . Abu Issa sl?^ i
^m esff? W W g % I W ? f ? - . i l ? f i t ?sl?T-attwt? w ^ ???
S.M. Stem (E.1.2) ,5n?ft W ^
?sc?, f?t? C 4 ? t f ? t f ? f ? W t f ? t e ?*f?t e i W W t w t W W f
^ f c w ? iRb? twc? I ^ s i T ^ ' ^ T t "5^1^ 'gtgiR( . ^ j ; '
a t t f # S ( i ) W W - W 1 # , ( f T O t ^ - f t W f t t ) t ^ t J T aô; (?) J J jLa W t W??t4 f?f? fittW flt?Wttt f i c t t .a?^
t ? f t - ^ l < M l < l , T4fs!W ( W W w ? l R ) , tltlf o e ? ; (vs) t ? ^ - t ? ? f ?stW Wt^tC4 4 ? ? ftft"CW? (R^ t W ? t f ) tCtJ t w ?s?t
ttwf f^JtcW?
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Wt^ t m "5J?R AAi wt^'S^'isn (m)

1 îiAt? nf's t?^-m?n# (5.)-^ momn cftnt ^5lAt? imemmt^ms ? ^ 1??R^ mtCA (^. A. Perier,
^ f e m (5. w F t - m * ^ , It., Ato) I wt^ %[!? - i f u ?^ t Yahya ben Adi, % tol, i(?o ->[. ; L . IVIassignon,
A8 V irtoi i m n-RT ^ AtslCA (g. kraus, % 1S9), 1%f sfw Textes inedits Concernant Phist. de la
tm moT AS, '^'StTf/ msf *tm^ c*nm fm:^ feR tf^<Mi mystique, ibA-b(?; A. Abel,-Abu Isa al-Warraq.
^QstcAH mm A t m iflt 'mfst R^^csttr miA i wnti nR tAt Brussel, 1949) I
i t m s AS, mtt-tlAÎlf<t, 1. i5b-c cs A i i 1A. ^ ^ t a r x t # 8 ( i ) Wtn-ttmt^-, tHfn? (Neyburg), % 51,
Rrf^m^ mtcf, sfg S A I m t ^ ^ ^ t w t iff'* *nm<(tR^ S ^ ^ s t iSto, i(?o, i(?A, i(?(? ?t^ n? Ao(?; ( A ) mtn-i)11*5f,
siK?s, \oc? i i i i j i ? R f ^ f f f t i i t Ate ttra I tot, It., Ato; (v5)mln-1?5^Rm5, 'J. vsb; ( 8 ) Wt^-^'f,
mt^sriiw -mf T^nfcp mi (jTtmestt ?mt.As i mtn-RARi, % 6b,toSs,IA; ((?)'mR-mwi#, Rmn, 'j. 8 i ,
mtt-m#t (^. iis) ate? wtn-'pmm ^^t le? t a n 4l5siw ^^t Ato; (to) Th. IVI. Houtsma, WZKtVl, 1891 %, 'J. A l i ;
nfmt cs, m ftt w F i - m t t w l wH-mA' 'wtm'n- mAiti (1) H. Ritter, Isl. 1929 %, % vse t ; (b) '^l<wll t?5mn,
i9t 'Sims 2tR mt nmtt wtemPt^ ^ste^ i ^ iît ttmm-t m^mtit, c ^ iSsisis ''J., 1. bs t.; (?) p. Kraus
Si%: fmarmRttr m:A i R f ^^t "^m ^Rm^r miA, mt^ %Tt RSO, i58 1. I S 1 8 ; ( i o ) G Vajda, RSO, i5l %, 'J.
Rsitîiîw m f m^s ^^mf fIcm i ^ fR tttfs mtttes itoto-is.1; ( i i ) , J. Schacht, Studia Islamica, 1953
i 3 W T mfm:5m mt^ Rem ( L . i v i a s s i g n o n ) i cit m^n '^^ it:, S i - S A I
wRrnfs S ^ S M ^te sfbR mes? tffs RsTcis St? 55tAls S. M. Stem (E.I.2) CAlHtn
liTemmH Rs? w?t^ Am ? H ^ ^mAt? at"? ^sri^ '^"sn (5 a r jî) 8 (m) wn-^mt?^ ^tem
wH-tTf^-mtf??5^ (msfte, mei5j? m t R w ) ^^-ifh (mtn- m t m i ? - i a ? '5wti, 'ttm? m i ?tfg, wt^ mS^r wi'|_ tiA"t^-*ii?
f^^ttm, % i l l rnns--^, 'j. SAt? i^}me??f2R ^ mt^ 'S?sRt wFi-^FtRf ^te n-Rt w n , R R ?cm, 'wtR
'mcA aftcbj? mm w t f ? R 5 ) i m ât i ^ S ^ -^tc armt S^cm witatAt -*R?lfAtli I 4 t wtti m <ij(*e<t>
t i s , Rfn f??f m\ Hil'*5o|<t l i i w T cmm ?tmt t t j Atc^H (g. ^??iR mm îtiô <iiReitit ifl?? ?Rim>i, iît mt?atAt^wili
'm^mimm wt^s-m'sftf, -mn-twt 'QSTN-^wtrnm, t., issA) i lilt ^FtRf mn^ ^c I ?i5ifi?iiA ( R ) ?Rrm, ?tnen m
mm? at?t5T atc?s R?s<^ ^ stfsStîti'iA'^vRemmi c^n, wtR w t m i f mn^ ^te?'
mtn-m4"iti, mm mtn-mtfmtf (mtn-m^Tm^-tnrnMtn, 'j. sr^tft 8 ( t m A t ^ , wtn-tmR' , R ^ i i s A b R.,
isis, iss-'f "mt; g. wi?'Q 'wft'wtfm, I- wm-mi*Sf 8t.-, i(? I
(1?;^, (?t., 'J. 8lis 'J. 'sisRst"), min-mfmf (Wsw, 8i>,
spj^timitf
(?i), w F i - f ? i f (wH-mtm?^-mR"m, 'j. A I I , AI>-8, 'si|,f?
mtlRfn' Samaritans), mnn-m'mi^ (m?Hn- ^rr^ ' ^ T ? ! ^ (j.i. 8 (m).wm-wmiif (m.)
I ' I I A ^ I - m' ( f ^ L ^ I mm mmf i t m mi*^ ^ê
^mm, mm. t^-mn, 'j. io, w t ^ 'wi??em ? i , c s m i - t i g ^ . _ i i k L ^ )
% 68 t.->ii tR 4RsleA*(, m?t?S^tmmtRn-Anfe^, ?RR i t f A A l f f ^5tAi? Seat mm m? i t m m i * ^ mm,

m?A'-mtRin-mmti', i t . , iss*; st., i . sisi-c^ m'smm?; ('mi?5 wRmcH? st^fRwt) mtmc<T?e?5 stn n m ? 5 T ('snjfte, ttm)
t?g wtRn-ATfn wm m S-^R? mim's mt^ *^m? ? ^ msn stmem fm?it Pf'sm ^ 'tn mimt fm^t t t m ?sRc mR i
^^RstcfH), m t t - m A ? l ^ ('J. i s i , i 8 , 'ft'mt' : ' j . iÂ, wt^ 'Siit?it atim?em '^^'f Sei m% ?5em I tmr: i m R ^ ?Rin, R ^ wtfttA ' ^ t i t m ^ i ?
^m^^ I'îRm R m f m ^^t cfftmemt^ ??ief cs, R R Ittefftmsn I ^ u i A - ^ i c r ^ j J a J - i o j ^ - i r e d*.?^'
^tAi?ate?Rtf*e<T?^-2pTtti^S^?s5jt?mtstACfTtitsteiH i j j i O L 3 J - ^ I (mmm Rgtt w iîm -st'RRttw mmm
mt^ %m 'f'wtem mifen af^lR ?bm ? R m (g. mtn-tmm, T8'fmc? iim?5I atmn w . . ; 5:i5) i9t mtme? ^fpfe?
wti-m^vi, mm? ^ t - m n - i ; ^ 4t<?icA, ^ . t^'?Tn, msM (m) ^ttm? m i 'ATAAIA' ?1mtcm i wt^-îmf et^t
t t m R - t m^mtft, % b^); 'Htms a r ? ^ t t mm 5?FtiR?tt ?<m 4RsieA*t, 'wT?g?-?iA'itH t m 'mt^?* 'ttm?
t^ttf^^wn I Item'ste?^mg?nRm, mt^ >iwnt?g wiHiif-?tm?mi
'(^l-tew? R n R m^gn. Orthodox, Jacobite, mÂtf'm^'S4'ist-RR'mRm?PieiH, 'cAmtmA??t^!'mR
Nestorian-ii]? 1 ^ mASH t m 'wtf? msmn tcm ?ittte? mR 'sftPrm ^ m' c f ^ i ^ tttrnft i m m' 'mm? ttmte??
t i m f Rj|c?5T?
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W f t?5lH W f ' S f R i ^ Wt-TOsft
WW wfîwfl w ? .at ^ wra w 1 W 5 S W f t i f r o w W%R, (Rf? i o o o f ? WW^, .i?Dof? W ? t f ? t ( W W t T - t W ? ? t ) <3

'WW? ra? w ^ W f twtwTO .at w'-.a? f weT#t w s f i bHfeJsof? RR t 1?t? t t T O Wlftft-W'-.a? ts,tf% .1 tWT wft WTRt W t w w owl? f f % - s t w ? : w w 1 1 f f f t ?Tf?,,.at:1?WR.5rtf?
wTTOtfe ?lf?j?? t ^ ?i?r t ^ 4%tCW I
'W?^-'WfR t w :'W?ftft? tw
5 f t t # t S ( i ) t w T l w m W R - ' W W T W f t , Wt-tWt?f, St., tfifpFftW5it? w ^ T T f R w c w .a?t w f t w " W t R l t ? t w
ioe-o.!s, tlWI HHb; (?) WRw W W j f ? Wf-?T?tft, W w f t f f C l ^ t W W R - ' t ? ! T ? f ( f , :<?8.!}/ii(ti) fi|?I?W t W J ?itTsRw
W W l t t - W 1 ^ , ?t., iV-V-1 ?!cw 1 . a t R ? w : ' ^ ? w r a , 1 w R w
f^t^ttrotf Rf?t?T t t ? t f W R ? i R s ^ W t T O ? ^ ; ^ f^tfw? ?5WW
wrt^ '^^STR ( J L J L C J_>I) S W * ^ t w w ^ w ww- ^ f R a j W ?!R?ft1lRl:t??f C R t ? s t t tw 2 f ^ ; W ? R T Jt?t
J'R^tl^'t mi ?? t ^ a t W ? ?i>RiltCS!;H;i Wtw? S b ' t K f ? t n ? !

WftW, t f w W t - f ^ ' W R w W W R (Si>ob--Si>o? '^.) WWitW? .
ftwt:? R ! W f R - w t W R (wwRt ie) wfttwj
fittRw f t R i R ff4wfw wtt%4, .aRcît;*!, ttilns, WtWT
(Galen) o P o r p h y r y stft tfwW:t? tlMt<f W?ftt R s w t f R - W t ^ W 3 t R?,?fW5 we? 1 .
^sifTO W W I WtTO, 1W i f r o R%'WRWWIR? ^ T O 4 fit^tilt, (>) 1?!?f?R,Hi-?; ( ? ) W R - ^

? t t R f t , xjl, S o - i . b ; ( ) W t w f , f ? W , i f r b - - S . b - ; ( S ) W ^ ' W ,
Rf!? W (Jsie '(.) 1
t ? W t i , vi, 262-6; (e) G. Flugel, Die grammatisehen
W?WR5CW?
Schulen der Araber, 86; (.JJ) M.J. De Goeje, in
^ *^wfw wft^-^lRrsT ^ w t ^ ( i - ^ ^ i ZDMG, 1864, 781-814; (a) Brockelmann, 1, 106,
(>LL- ^ ^L5J I) S [RtW ( t W f W TO) t w w W W i ? tw SI, 166; (br) H. L. Gottschalk, in ist., 1936, 245-89;
Wtww, w t - w t w f , w t - n w w f , W t - W t t i f I R R % t t (Ss) A. Spitaler, in Documenta Islamica, inedita.
.awsft w t w t t t w T , ^ ' W T R R w t w W t f ? I fwR WfWR^ Berlin. 1252, 1-24 (Partial edition of Fadail
i<t8/H\o WTW WWTT WtISt?t W R t I .atWW W I W T W al-kuran); ( i o ) W R - W ? W f , l ? ? ^ f = 1 - ^ f T Le Monde
Wt-W?lftw ^ I W f T O % R tTOtt=#lttt S P ^ , w t t oriental, 1920 i S , 5fe-?Q; ( i i ) t w ' ' t f " ^ f W
cTOg? ww I gftTR fwR Rw w?T3t Ptwwwwcw R R t t ? W t - W ? W , W t W ? ! 1 ^ - ? t W R W , i f e o - S s ? ; ( i ? ) W ? - ? 1 ? t f ,
RSCt (Wf. i'lfe/'lS>e) t t w WtTO t t t ^RW Wfrot, W R - R ! ? n R - ^ R R W , ? t . , ^-H; ( i o ) W t - ? t f ? ^ , f t ? W 5 ? -
R w w w , Wff? Rwwftra? ^TOt t w w w i ^ - R ^ f T R ? W R R , ?,b'0-b-*>; ( i S ) : t R W ' t t t t W W R - W f t W f ,
lUt tw=f WTO fwR c w t .aW? R w t t t W w:? w w f t f ? w t ? l t ? t ^ - ' W f ? f ? , t^JtFf ife<I-i-<I-* 'i- r; :
W, W ^ t 4 t CW3!ttTOt*JJT|tTOt^WW I (RW 2|Wl<JH H.L. Gottschalk (tf.W.t. E.I. 2) / f?tTitwf%^ttt?
^Rw 1wR tWTO-.a? fiiwttwf tRtlTR j?f%^ R f ^ ?t %A\^^ W ( H _ ^ T ^ I)

mi iS)? /broS t t w ftltftTO tWf? wit t w WtR tWT Wlt4 ' W ? f g 1 ? t?f ' W t f t t - ' W f ? t w fWlWt t w WfJ?,
4W4 ^ StTRTTO WT?fW w f R f ^ WT I ?io/b-?(t W t t w w ^ - W f t f w t - t t f R (5.), f t f t t s r f T O T t f r s t ^ l e W R f w
fwit ^ WR R?tR % t t I WR Rs^WR ^ t ^stfwtfft 4RW .a?^ ( t t / i i R R W W ' W W W W ^ W R - R ^ ^
t w f t R WtCW WW WtWTR RtWR tsRr? W W t I .at RtTR 'N^l'Sji? ajtwRR % t t I
' W t f W ? t w Wlft? W1?R Rt? ^ t t t 4 "^W tllbr T ?iS/br8 :Wf; '^?iw W R - W ? ! f ? : # w w?it^ wtw TO I W W
t t w tR W T O W W .aR^ t w ? tRWR tRR W T O W T O f?Rg ftWR wf?R'24Sfft?s ?!<fw^t?wR R??t sftR ?!?t w t w
WR 4RT:W WT;?!? I ??s/b'?b' t t w fwR t w ? t R t t t ? ! T W I WW I w ? ( R t t 4 t t fft ftw ( R r m te?! ^ f w t f w R ? ?ftw
wfw? t?? w f wTR?-.a? ? i f l w wf?tT:4 WtR Wft i t w ?? I ? ^ fR ?!W anwwRtfc??, . a t ? f 4 1 ^ WR?!R
1?!?RRw-.a? Wf; t w ? R - . a ? RW? ^psrw? w t t H R w fwR f s t f f f S t c? ?'RT stTOR>R?lc?-f wTO'a ts?w wW>8 t ? R
?t?iic? .a?i t?tTR? WR4 ?!?t?? W ^ I R R .at? t??fe5 wr:? i ?!W?Rltl W tTtft w w w W T O f R W ? 2J?R t ? W ? f
W f T O 2 I T O fw?j? ^ ^ 4 t ^ R W ? W%? ?T??w ' t t f ? ' ^<t^ Rs?it s
R?t Wl?t R R RfWJ? ?ItTO ? f 5 W I U ) t f S ? ! fw?1?? TO W f T O f t w t f t - W W 'WtfR-'Wf? W R - ? t 4 f ^ WWJ

t l f f t - f R t f ? T 4 , t'tftft-^f?W? t l f f t - ? l f ? I t l f f t - ?ftW (B.) W t f R (5.)-.a? s j t t .awtfai W t?R f t W W f
ftlfW?! 'W?f WTO sitt f?, W w T O t w ^stW WW, t?tTW f W W f f ? i w t t w Wfj?-.a? t w f t f ? w f ? w t ? ! I
t?lWf R ' S W R
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w#oi? ^'smf n t i m twRt/?5ti?i 8 o / i o i A mm-'n%Rin ?R5 ?Rm Scat ^Rmcm i rnnrs^Rn Rmc? t m tt??
Si%:'t?TjRct^6ii'i3ni(H;i> S t ^ f ? m (m??n)-ifra''?^ ip6w (nitAnmt, b a h , 9-10 t., vsA<?,;:*OAto, 8 o , 088) mm? ?Ro
?trsf#.-^jPr Alt I 88N&/io(?i T t m 't5F-mnt ^stAi? ?Rm m?1? atc:^ mn Scat ^Rntc^ns ( i ) mti; mt# m H - ^
wm-^'mRR t m '^mn (6ii<Mif tt g.) <\^l-^W<>. (s.)-m m-^ mtmrsm, 'mt^-ôi'if a 'mÂftn wtft
n:*i?:'5i:tCTl*w<^5iniw*iR ^ Rsf ntw srsi'ft ^^R ntm 'wt# ^ RmRn-mntfm', mm. 'm. mnmn, 8 tc, ?ftncm
m liR^RR SAtc^Rgf ntesfj? w ^ ^ : 1 wt^ '5<iis'i-'ii?t io88/iJAto; ^ . Brockemann, SI, 202; (A) m^
sRimtlt wtnt m m 1 . vii3Ht< RSFCG R R w ^ ^ at^?mR? 'wtm^'-'it? St? lif^ttR mm, ^ ^5<Ji u , . . .
?i?t m ^ Rmn i.îlAtsRst. ^tssgt^.-W n t t . "mtngn 'wtfn. ntnm^, wrcm
^sRin RRa Rot? TO t m w n I ^c^tm? t t i ^ wi^-m#f io*8/iJoto; 'o Brockelmann % at.; ( o ) mt^ 'Smmr
^<i;i-*)li tm^ftAsnt? (\|.^ntf^t) volAlCH<t^Wii?|illl5 ttaw vrnn-'îRtn t m matn-'itn 'wtn-tilH^-in-t^'-<it S^'s
Rgttm snm 'îlitRm i >iit ^tj'sR t m atsiR'^CVS sft^ ^fnrnn^cA? St? iff?5ttR mmar?, mn lim^'n-mns^;' (8)
('wtn-'stttn', t m <ii>i>itvi-iiRt Witn-mfnt A-r,tn=T tmft m^ wt^ 'Smnn t m main ?s^ n^Rt iii?5ttR atmn ate??
mtn-rnmn, ot., A 8 0 - A , Dozy, 'Abbad', 252-3-C ?tm jUi_oVi .cû^ ^ jiî (m^RR t^ticn
I tm?'msrm mm *itÂH ^tm? (?isr :m?t mt; "m^ ? R ^ ; M O , vll, 123; Z D M G , 1910;
'sfts ifRsit ^tc (mH-mmn, t., aS'S'-'^ iRRsb.) Brockelmann, SI, 166 F.N.) i mctC? m m I^ltsttR
, ?5f?m wtm m?, wt\ "Smmi >s ^sim? R m (^. wigrnl^w afr^ mn mn, 'wH-^'mm^ ^rnn-^tmm^' i liitl? Rt?
8(tto/ioto8) c^B5R mRmt t m ^îm; tms wis^rta i 'mm cttcia? mn Rnn?? 'mm I^RAtlms, ^m-'mmmf^ *im?t?,
mm wtt "Smmf waRw? m:mt mm f?Rt mt?s n9?55 tm Aimtm RtntcA I
Rmw tl?R5 m 1 R R i^fiAiR^ mt^ m?'smH t m mBim wt^ "Smnn'mn-?t=^ SfitfRmt Rn?^ ar?'Rmin-mm'o'
m m i tirmrm tfs'^mit? mai Rm^ mi ariwR^ mrnlt lit? Seat ttm nm-tm tmn-ia? 's^tAmm'-c, i . 011; tm?
JAt>i5i.u, Ret? ?sRm wHwRm? '<pi ^^9.^m mmt? - ttglnRt -iitn's mm ntn mt 1 mm aS^, 'mrn^mt? ?<RiYr^
i^ttCTRt ?sflCP3R 11^ SI^W-^jaRRc^-at^tiR? nm<'?tn ?tA?ieA 1 tmeô R m ? ^ ^
oisttrtR* A ^ t mi:t?^.'sf^^ A<1i5aFRwic?:mwfcm AtsicA mibt/i^^^ f s e ^ 'VâîRi?'
t n i i R mi^ W H I . .'mm? ^ j : ^ R R ^5tAt?.sr??#s fitfRf?^ t m 'wi?^ (B.) 'mn-ttftf %?t? "Snm^-ôift?
if*i^st Rfrm o^RmRw, mm? s r j t R i r ^ wit'tt cm? #tt1?lAn-Wtttn'Ca-M. Asin Palacios, 'Glosarlo de
1 ^ ?i?îlAW-t; \ R R ?srv#m75 ti^tw m^ ?5R?5 ttc?m voces romances Reglstaradas por un botanlco
(^gnmn t m m^sfR ^^c;^tmr^ imr? mtn-mrm^pm anonimo hispanomusuulman', mR<i-anmm iS)8,
?wm% i # f i mn '^RmRm) mi eminent R R t1?t ??m Ai's cnt? i).nbm? mi minR tm? St? R? ?5t?n 1 SfîiRm
ttmn, 8 b - i / ^-*c?i??-'tC'of? i o is 8-lit mm ?in i R??)> af? c*in>c4 t m 'mft Susfl'wt mat w i ^ Acat ?'Rt
mtg-m<f-RR tAic4 l[R-f?'?t?tmm' mttit Imtltcm-'fl? m; ?>RntC^ {% M. Meyerhof, 'Esquisse d histoire de
\ 5 t A t ? m 8S)to R I la Pharmacologe et botanique chez les
?mt? tm&m Rc?i>'it? mt^ %<m mtn-)i45tc4 isi??^ ?tt<f Musulmans d' Espagne" in "al-and", 1935, 14;
ItlR^ (?A Rmn iT.t^) mmt TO as I ?5l?t ^-RstcH? Ri^ i f f ^ at"? " U n glossaire de matiere medicale de
mm? R R mm*i tifaw w ^ ^^RmRcm i R R Rem atmrns Mainmonide" in Men, inst. d' Egypte, txli, 1940,
mm 'stttnRT, 1%f m^ TO R R R m ^tms^lm, mmRsi% xxvii) t m 'wtmin-'i)? ate^ tm imm5 'mn-'m^m^
SRiRatf, iffmR R R ?sRm'Q ?bm w r i #?f?st?tct? Stfttc?s cm ?5t?m ?Ro I t m 'wtngnt ncA, m?
nc*ti c?5A c?sA mm? R ^ R ^ cint*it 4R\4|'!) S ^ R?lcAH mi sTfRtn^tf tiRF^^ ^ t?^-?mm? tm ^^tcô mmm atAt
lAt? fTOf? >(?t wpfR R t mmt ^sfim m? i VSIaic^ mm ?sc?n I
2r?-c2ttn^?ict'Q n'Rt mn 5t?teA i "mnt R R '^fiHR tt^nRsf^ m\ 'S?i?H 'mn-m?5ft? ^trtR stmrns ^tim? f c t n atr??
WRRtt?ttC5?-ttl!J?(.4?^ qR(.^1:l <sR3t nna} "wt?? 'sftmcn sti^Ro 1 îit Rnc? ^ttm? ar?n^tit^
#? c ^ t<R mtf'smnmc:^ mn Scat m ^^Rm nt^g^ptiA mi cnt ^tf? 'm?st? e^c^ R^ ^te 'stm s ( i ) I'wti m
( 1 ) -lii'? =T^'amc^ R? R ^ ^ -ii^ttR (^^Lti -mm^ t i m ' ^ ( : ^ ) ^sftct-ximRRs IQTNN-mmRRs 1 x^msi' (tm F .
tnmftRscmn
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nf['^ww fM-Rt?# rlf[ . t W M WFF-TOsft

Wustenfeld s f T O s WlftWgt-'WTO-.a? Wo^sR t l W ? RtW? ?ft?tt? I t^w .at?it t?4W( ??w W ? R t f ? W t t ? istftW?
w t t w T Rttt w t w ? W T O R ? "Das geographische tf?tw ^ ?tt W st^m w w t w ? T f ^ t ^ W t ?tfttw? .a??
worter-buch" ? t w tWf ?sc?? i Gotingen, 1876-7; t?.'!|fw f?ft tf?Wt wwifw? tsfj. t t t w ^ f fftttfbw, w w i f t
8t ?ft?t?T i!i>8<J-<J-i) WtflR?JT f i t ? W W ? l f ? WitcW Rf|t?R w R t w ? I . a t t ? W f ^ W t f???4t tt?, ??^
,ttft^'^We?.a?l?t?tW??t?t?R^WsC5W?f5Wt? I WR?>I? ?IwS?fw4Riwfw?s tf?tR, .at?t% f w ^ R&itH<3 t ? R I
W t t wft? '.sii?ic?? c#:w#i4 <3 W w 's^^fjf cti^^w^c?? w ? .at w a t t t W W w w w tfwtt? f w & w t - w ? # ? '
WRtf^ 'raiW uwf? "bieWj w t l W ?tt?1t? I Rttttw'-.a? 'fW "Sftffft I f ? R t ? f i t 'Iftf%,f <3 f*J?,tt I
Wt-W?sft? 2f?t? ^ 'Wt-WWtW'-.a? .at t w WsW?W? fwR .at? f%^ .^f^Wfw f53i Ws?w ?5f??if|ct? tTW? ^5tw
w g WW t?t?tw, WW<3 WT?W t-^s:'t?itt .a?^ wt'stt^s .at? w m ? R w w w? w I t w ? ? ' m t t e s t ?Rt w ? ,
t ^ t w 2tWftw ?? w t I Sftt t W U R f ^ t C W?t?t w t W t , t t f f t t w WR-^f?tRwtt t ^ fwR w f???t ? t f ^ f^twtw
f t t t t ^ ^srxprftt ^5rf??t% f??? wtwfSw ?t?ic? ( w # i f t wtw fitttW^ ??tR ff W ? CTOT^ ??eR t s T H R ^ WW t W
Wlt?W ?tw, B. N.5905) I t?f? 2f?t? W R .a'Wa R s t W t ^ WWtfR t?tCfW tH^CÎW weW? t s R I f?t^ R?3 mm wt?R
( ? ^ W W ? R W R A . Kuriik V. Rosen 4?s C?t ?*iW Ctt'sft twtCtltlWtW tvf%^ <3 f ? ^ ; W t - W t R ? ,
(R^ f^t5lR?t< ? t c w iviv R t W s t W t ^ , Izvestiya al- tsFfRs?jt <3 'f?tr5t-fwR'-.a? ttfî ^ t w f f e w t j R f ^
Bekri i druglkh avtorov o rusl I Slavyahakh', 1; f#if <3 C?t fSW?5W I
cf. also A. Selppel, Rerum Normannlcorum ? w ? t ^ , R w t t t t R tê^^ w cttww ?ftw t ^ w R w ?
Pontes Arabic!', Oslo 1896-1928) i t ? 5 ^ W R W ? f t j w ? f???t W t R R T O W f t t R t - . a ? f??s? t ^ f f w m w
W^W^W? f t t t W R ? C? W W WWtSW ?^WC?1?sRtRt? W t - W t t ? ? t t c w w t w CWWR? Cttft4 w W R f CW
w t W R t t t t r o ^ f ^ < ^mi t w ?^ft? ^stcw Mac f i t t , w w w www t t t ? t ^ ^ s t w t f ? mm f%t?t?te5? wt?tet?
Guckin de Slane ?5W4 t W l t t w <3 t w f WW? 'sifttw artRf<3 W I w 2f?R'fai R R f ? sfe^ .a?tfww? t e s t
R?.rott? W W W ftt?t&w (WW .at t?SRt <3 W[?TW t w ? t 4t?we?? w t w f i t f ? i w t t ? ? f ^ wt-<3W??R5 ?f5w
? W r t w W ? W W T t W t f tt?; Description de 1' Afrique
t^giRllJl^ ^Ct1R f???45tt 'WR-WWtW <3Wt-WWfw' I . a t '
septentrionale', Arabic text, Algiers 1857, 2nd a t t ^ (g. Al-Warrak and R. Brunschvig, in
ed., Algiers 1910; Fr. .tr., JA 1857-8, 2rid ed. Melanges G a u d f r o y - D e m o m b y n e s , Cairo
Algiers 1910) i we,-^ ivoi W W Quatremere 4W4 1935-45, i51-52) f t w t WR-?5l?W<3WW?R?tRWf?W
Wtt?R "Sttw .a^Wlt R?.f^ *ltt<l'i (Note et extralts, xii) t f w ?^ WR-?^!^-.^? ww^pjfw w t ? R t W t i e t ?ievîwtew
stwftw ?t?ltli I 'at sf?r?r? c w w 'WR-WRltR?5'-.a? f ^ w t ?SC?? I W t - W ? s f wtw? W:t? (W?t ?WWW t W 5
vsrtt-WWft f???^ R ? R ? R2tWt*tw W R 2tWR 4 f ? ? K w a ? i W?ft?1 f^tWe?) wtnR ?J??R W ? ? W?R Wtw i o t ^!tW4
t?R 'W?ftt-f?'tt WR-ft'tWft W R - R f t f tsw^ t w wet? wtJtR WW ?5t??TR I Wft R RstCRC? wiw? f ? ? 5 ?
' W ? - W f W-tt'WT? Wtt? t t W R - ^ W t t W R ?5etiwR R?.5t?WRR t f R - s f W t i R ' s f ^ (?w ?t. f t e w f
t ^ f w t f ? t ^ t ^ wf??tt?? (La Peninsule Iberique au ? R w a ? i w (g.) ctit3R] I ^ t ? t e ^ w t - f W f ? w R cww
Moyen-Age', Leyden 1938, 245-52; cf. also La ?C'*tt? f??? W?t twR WW? ^ t e s t ?5e?? ? l t W W TOt
Desription de Espagne, of Ahmad al-Razi' in f w ? ' W t - W W f w ' ?lRt Sbo/iobb
siWttw ??, W R - t R s f
And, 1953, 100-4) I . a w w R f ? CWR W^f^ TOt R<ft, WR-ttWW? few? W ^ ?R? t W 4t??lt|ct? I
Wft'tt-w?lf?WR-.a? ^f5?W?R .a^wf? W'gftft? www ^ t wt-<3W??w-.a? ,5tei? WI? w? R T O 'QW^f< wtw? ^ t ?
4t?? 1 1 ^ w t f t f t w t t t w wtt?ft? t t f t RTOF .a w?w w .a4ttR.f3t'Sft f i t W f t?l?R-.a?t w t i w t f * t ^ w ? R i t ' t ? ?
t?C5W fWlf?W t???f W8?t ? R I t r o w t - t t f ? ^ t i R t w f ? f ^ r w t - t ? f fict?
W f t ? t ? t W t - W 4 f WTW? w e t ? <3 f ; # f WR4 R w f f ? Dallas (cttww .a??, t w ^stcw w t r o tt?5? t ? ? W t R ) - . a ?
CwtcWft<Ptt'=R f t w W R ? t "^^m RRttsf w t ^sifttft W ? t f 18 'nr/iove t t w fR w t e t f l w e w ww TO (% Pen
' g t t t t <3 wwR!3?'-.a? w f w . a t w w ftWt??, t w .aW? iber. xxiv. n. 2) 11.^ sffftR? TO 'f?Wlft-W?WR i tW
^ t - f t c f P t W (roadbookt-.a? ?;t tf?5t?t tsRrtt?, W ? t ? ? f W W w t - ? t ? f f w ^ ' s w t j ' S t t ^ t ?j??.o ?? mi .at
t^ttw f t R ^ W5? ^ W t f t w ? tTr?f w ^ p t t f w îw^ 'i>l|.5flt?' (g.) t w w f ? ^ f??^t W.SW ??illC? I CTOt^
t t w f 1%icw?
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AA<?
des Principaux geographes arabes' Paris 1 9 3 2 ,

iii?5tiR 2je?? HTST Scat nm i SAT? sib.Riioi 1^ 1 8 3 , 2 5 5 ( w t n - m ? 5 f ? ?bm?f? ^mt^ ^ ^bFifR) m
% t t n mm Rm^'?? st*t?m m^y, (io) Levi-
Wm-nR#3 fefS RSiTt I R m ^ ' S n - ^ W R R s ' n m i|^ Provencal, La Peninsule iberiwue au IVIoyen
ar^tiR Ate im'if m^ t m t m f f w m - m w f f t ^mR Age, Leyden 1 9 3 8 , xxi-xxiv; ( i 8 ) Brockelmann,
5tAt W R I 1, 4 7 6 , SI, 8 7 5 - 6 ; (i<?) Reinaud-ia? f m ? t 'Intr. a la
'sj^ c t n t S M i c m m r R j '^R i t e ^ t j s R i t i f e ^srj Geogr, d'Aboulfeda', ciii mi (ito) M G de Slane
WT| 'SniTR ^mst-i^n isitn^ t | f . t m t % t m ?n'^R tAR mRi< R???ct? Rme s t w f m ? t nmn-?m?i
w M - t m t ^ w p o - ' f s ^ ? s m t tte 'sti atAt w n i t ? t w g t c m f I t R e m R wtn-?if? ? m t ? % i ? t S e m f ?
8f-io-5f -^m^ sttn fros w i R R m ; R f ^ttAt? slb'tH'f oiti^RiAa R?mR 1 ^ R R t ? ? l f i w t ^ - ^ P f f ^ e ^ c? m^n
m^ f t a ^ RR, tra 'wt?tft m m R r m R wsR?) ^ t J afAt ^RslCAF, mm? 'SRI OTtF; ( i i ) C. E. Dubler,
nitw W R tt-GSt nra m I w t n - R t ^ RsTOiCA wm-Snf-liR Abu Hamid al-Granadino, y su relacion de viaje
i R m ^tAt? cntT Ate S ^ 5 R R ^^RiT ttRem i emm for tierras eurasiaticas, Madrid 1 9 5 3 , 1 6 1 - 2 .
w t n - ^ " R f f t e ? t ^ t e ? ât T t i ^ cnte?R H R Seat E. Levl-ProvencaliE.1.2) ^m^F t R
?sRtteAF I
^rt^ 'vB-^liihl (is^ >î) 8 lAb-wig. b - A < ? , m f f - t m f
Wm-nt^slk 'idiiPt^'-iira R | f 'si^t iiitH RsnR's wTcA
Rmmm? m i ^ , ? i ? r wa -g ? m t i i mmm?^ m e m m r o i
ôtAt? ifl^tiR j_4t5f >iR*ti mrentbHi^ms RssRt s t ^ ?Rt
l i R t i R m n , t R A t R mi m m ^ 'ttm? w m m fmi? i
te?ttm I ^5lAR mm i ^ - G W ^ R R wtenibm ^ mt 1 wtn-m^
t R m i m m ^ R t e 'trm? Rrsr? a t ^ tten-G
I t m i ' ai?H<f< RbRm, nm t m 'wRgn m M - t * t f ^ , t m
'm^-'m?fsf ^ - t i - m m f "g tmR-wttfe?? ?5m?f? m m e i
'wRR?-?n^ -a mmm? w!i-RTm#? ^ f R R m ^ cnt^net?
' t t A R R m R m ? t R b ? mmm? i <pt?tSc?it'ttm?at-?iR?['2t5?
mmimft? i ât mt-îtif ? c n t e ^ ftpstmr? m t R ^ R r m f
RW?AR ^RmcAF 1 R R 'wt?mR? f R R ? ? R c m m; ât
m^sflm? m?Ai? n ^ ?Rt m? i i o i ii*t twp? m t R n - i a ?
fme? ^ttm? 3 r ? ? m i f w i i : n - m m f m (?TAir ''rnnrnm
mItnR?5 ' S K ? ! R t f i R 'ttm? ?mt?^ Ate, âmR t t-a
cfTim?f? ? " ^ m\ At?ieA) i
wRne? Aten-G R^n t R m t 'otj (-Gim -g t R m t R^,
m?mf?'sem?
f R R M R ?T5f, mRrRj?5 m t ? ^ -g R R ^ t t p i R ^ -g R m i
g?TiR? ? R m ? ) m's ^ m? i citsR W?=tof latn-G Ressm'si^ ^ ( 5 0 ^ ^ 1 ) 8 (m) 'wtfi? t ? n 'WRfWiA
iPi<M ?bm -G vit-tfbiaiR w s w m ?tA?ieA i âtm ReibFi? t?^-^m?mA, S t i R ' o i i f ^ - S m A i ^ttm? mm? m i Sii?m f?m5
ar?tiR w t t - m f ^ t i f f ? I iÂi^t ^tm^-ia? lesf i n f ? i t i m i t ? n ' m R ? I ^ttm? R t m ' w f ? g a t ^ ' ^ ^ ^<i?i? ?mT[e^
rnrntf ?nen ? R 5 c i t ar^ttRt-G -st^r^t? t*itif ^ R R R fÂ A? ('mA?'*fl'-'tA?'^) I 'tTAR ITm t i m i ?1 afAt
iflRmRt^ ^ m n im:^ c#i ?5m i ^^Rmflem iiRi^tiAte?s i t m R ? i T e m l e m t t r ?5m ^ i
at^tilt 8 WFt-m^f? # ? % 3 f l ^ ?bFlt'f, m t R?R<3 R?n asti^^ n'Rtic ?g? ^jcM 11?'m^'S?Rm? ? ? i f i n 8 i
'5tJ ( i ) t?n ??^'G?H, Rm, n?.toAb-;( A ) mR, ^tm, nvtsoo; - ?,% 1 wia? ^ttm? t n m i - ' i ? ? ? i Ab ? ' 5 i ? I i9t ftme? f%R
() t?gn wtmt?, Wtn-^T^R-R?rm' (in Dozy A??' "Sm? (m)-ia? 11??? f l e m i fR 'ttm? i p j m m% 'S?iTtm
Corrections.., Leyden 1 8 8 3 , 1 1 8 - 2 3 ; ( 8 ) wtn-^^f^ S t m e i tir f l e m ( w m - t m f " W R ) i fR 'rni-mfmsmn-.
t m t i W T , ?nmt^-t?sRR, A i v ; (a) t?n m'^, i t l m , it., 'mm^ -G ' r n n - ' w i t R T ^ - ^ n r n t m - v f l ? ws'$<? i i t f A i t t f e
mm i5>(hs, 81-b-; (to) t?n mmR, mrfm, At. (tm? R??f 'ttm? ^ i f ^ n S m A S t t f ? ? S c a t ?ft?Te? i fR 'SA^HH t m
*n?-va? staRo atc^-G ?(A?ICA); ( i ) it'm, A V * ; (b-) t m i r s f ' S H (m) 'wtmi?-?tARR t m 'WI'g?^ (m) -g 'timem n f c m
W t f Smt?1?'wt, A t . , <tA; (S>) l l 4 4 l f , mmA" (Analectes), ^ t n m i afAt ?5f?mf|cm I A??'5'm^m^ (m)-ii? wtAîcn
At., iA<f' WR-G c ^ ; (io) Pons Bolgues, Ensayo. n. R R t i m i afAt ?5Rmf|em, ât m f i w m:A i
1 2 5 ; ( i i ) J . Alemany Bolufer, La geografia de la fAt?^4lf f f # ? m R f ^ m f i n H e m , ât ' o t j m7iA!#
Peninsula iberica en los escritores arabes, ^ I R R t i m i af^t? wt?Te} i w f ? mfsraem i?55t sRn?
Granada 1 9 2 1 . 4 5 - 6 ; ( i ^ ) R, Blachere, 'Extraits S'5,'%E5? m?j <fRsi[|ctF I ^ m R ' f ? ??Te t m m R ?=fm
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Contents
wltTOI11t(w) Wtf[t?1W!t (W)
TOtfrot f t R T O O T ? 'srfîWH W W 1 w w | t?T?rm (W) ?tW ?sRrf W < Wf I t ? t f i t WR W f t?T?lW ( W ) - i J ?

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w s s t ? ftttttw Rw?W w ? .a?? c ? T w t t t?tw? ??t w ? i fwRWf^tW? (t)-iJ? ?stf f t W t W W ? t%t?, WffW?' ( t )
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^ ? m ' ^ m tn:?5, f^fn m | f f i m n 1 mt^ 'Smrnn m m ? ^m^s ^ - w t n m % i fn?J5 Ft^ ajAt nêÎJ ^trmm c?n '5'^ mwr?
^?lv!^RTI wt^ ^rnm t ? ^ - m H i ^ t m mf? fgrt? fmJ5 Ate C1R? ajm w n ' ; . F ^ n m m\ 'Smnm? R?^ F ^ atAt
f ^ m W N mi ? j i ^ t wi^c^^? f?5F 's?5î< Rnc?? S i ? - w n 'M c m cttncn? m ^ ^tc ^ w n 1 ât S R
c ? t -^cii^N? f?^ ^ ? m i W N , f % f S m r m cmnf?t 'm^ 'S<it?'ii-'a? wif?ii5^ g ? n if?c?MF? sff T F ^ n m
m s m c n m ^ m m n m imm'^wt?m:mt^5TAT?fNîct?mmA ?5c? I ?tc?T? mmms ^M4I? f t m c ? ^tim? c m t r m ? ^^F^
ffms f i n I 'mm? 1*t^m:t? n?#f< wmmR?5 ^ i s j c ^ f w t ?fA?icA 'mf? >s "mmnm<p'-'^ m^ftg n??;ncn, mm '5AIMN t?n
mf%3im ms m% 'Sm?m 'mi??cm t f ^ A t n ' s i s f f n t c ^ m<3 A i f n 'mn-Î^mf? mmcn m^sm F^tnÂ ( m m . A A SEVAN,
mn'ff? ^ bFtc?s FNSF? wmncF? c^=3!?iciarAt W N 1 ât msR? Leiden 1905-12) 1 m m ^^nt? m t m c n 'si^ FRO? n ^ mm
f?f%Q ?tbR<ii S m m c F ? f m n m fR ^RPSC^ 21^35 ff%-raf% ^sRr? srm ni< # n n t m m r n 'srf^mtt t t n t c A 1 ^tim?
fiicmt ms I's'sjfvs af?si? m m^f S m m c m (stf sj^î^tA? a r m t 2FMC?? FfR cm? F?cmf fIcm 1 'trm?
fmim W N 1 Sm? f%f%c f % R 'wt??cm?r? e t t n ^c<><s 'sigfnft nssj^ R?i? isRi m t m c m mÎTT c? ^ - c # ^
t i n I f tfÂtn's cm#? f%?m# m m : w t ^ W N ' m n m ?sf?' m n t c 'ii?5F? c ^ T f ^ s R T^ af^Rj^ mtntcA
mfrmi4 fm^--^lf%?si n^m n^Rmflmn 1 m ^ - t i m f 'wi??c^ ( m f t m t m n . A t . , i o b ) 1 ^mm? m^rcm n c m mi %<m
mm m ? # ? m m m ^mcs? im? ât - ^ t ^ ^ f n a f t n cmmn?ici ^ . ^ T R I ^ t?n mam, m!Âifn ( t m ) 'rnn-Rrfinmf, 'Sm?
?j<i^vo A ? '^? mf??n?t ^ t j m ? ? i A ?5cs 1 'trm? i f ? c ? f ^ T?n t r ? m >s ?5R'm^^nn Rtms I
t n m f fn'Scm?
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Contents
??J Wf t t t w f (?t)
.alwWfw R5?Wift *ill?(j4tlimw? Rtf tf??cw t,wftw WRT? f?fttt?R ro ?r? 4C?? ii?i .at f?tc?
%TORt fs-^gW? ? l f ? 4C?wf? mtWR4 ^ il4f? '^^'G ?5?t ?5f??tC?? ?ft?t t w t W>Q?t ?1? I
4 R ? E w I f?t? t i f f t - ? i f ^ .at w f t w f R t tRiW S t t t # 8(i)? T ^ 'fl W i t t f ? f ? t ^ ; (?) W?-Rl?lf, t?t?t
WR 4 W ?? I t w R t t t W t f t f t . a t # R?.f%<3 f ^ ( t t t ( W t w t iSiOb-), % i o ? - i i b - ; ( o ) W t i f , W f t W ; ( 8 ) t ? ?
f 5 W W W R ? , w f t t W f W t , i ? t . , 8o(?) I Wtw? ?f&w ttfsWt, i i t . , b-b-; ( e ) t ? f : w - f w w w t ? 5 - t , W t f
W W f t - f s R W t ( i l t CTOJ RtWt' W f WfWt W slf^RCR? WWCW (Derenbourg), 246-50; (b) S. Moscati, in
^4 gfWR) t t R ^ f?! ^tW'S ' S ^ ^ f ' f ^ M t 1 ^ R W t t t # i R ? orientalia, 1946, 162-164.
^ W w f ^ f P r a t e w t ? t t f i t t t s i t t W 4 % art I S. Moscati (E.1.2)/ -^^j^ ôt% ^snt?
W T W <tl<li5lFo t T O f f^ltîCJi,? .iJ>illftlW f f W slft^lli? I i l t
rf^ ( _ ^ ^ 1 ) 8 w t - w ? R t f (W) i i r o w w w f
f ? w f ? wtw? W3I ' w f t t f t - f f t w , Wt-W?Wt-ii? W w e t f i c t ? I t t ? w t ? ? ?t?w?? f ? f t t t w wt?t? test f?w?f=fw
W 1 t?I? Wtftf^ t ? ? f w ?R?IC? ( W ^ W l W f ^ t RW^ fcai ?5i??tCW ^<ift, fwf? t f t w t ? ? ^ ttc., fwf? w f ? t ? ?
^twe?); t?? tt?w-.ii? f w , w t t ? RWttw ? # m e w t?? RlRttt ^5tcw, ff? '^W? W t - W t t t f ^tc, ff? f ^ ( W f
t?tcws W f t?t?W-? wt?twf5t?5 f?sf f f W tejRiw? rot t : ^ t5n5i..5rt?tTf) ttc, ff? ? t ^ [ l t ? (R.) ^5tc ? ^ W ? ? ,
W ?Tf^ ^f?C?? fC?TOfR W W WW W T O ?sf?W CR ? f f
aftfft 8 ( i ) f4^f?tw, (2-0-8; ( ? ) w l f f t tttWt t ? 'iîo ttW'^-il? if^SR W R f ^ 4 f ? T O t t ^ WTOW4f?W,l
( i o t . , ?(2-?-b-); ( o ) t?? W f S W t , R^ îo?; ( 8 ) W^^W, t ? W t , .at ?'1^?I5 w T T O t f .a t ^ fC2t ?*Rt ?5f??fC5? i
Ht, i.b8-lo; ((?) Wttft, Tabbs; [b] Goldziher, Muh.
a t t f # 81?? ?1W?, W t - t t T W , f t t ? i o ? b - f?.,~8t., i o s . 1
Stud. i. 194 f. (g. H.A.R. Gibb, in Studia
f?t^ttTOtf
Orientalia loanni Pedersen dicata, Copenhagen,
1953, 105 t); (H) Brockelmann, 1, 103, S I, 162; rf^ ( j _ ^ ^ 1 ) s (w) ^ W R t r o t?fR-
(V) F. Krenkow, in Kitabul-khayl, 174-9; (>) E. t1-1C?? f5<FTOf, ÎTO t ? ? f ? R t ? w t w w R t W f w ? tC?T
Mittwoch, Proelia Arabum Paganorum, Berlin t e s t ?sf??few I ?1TO ?lf%'?Tf? fcai t T O (W)-il? W W t ^
1899; ( i o ) W ? R t t w f t t , t ; ? t R t t W t , ? t . , oo8-(?; ( i i ) WR W f t T O ( w ) ?te ?'Rt w ? t , ?if^[W? (R) ?Riwew,
wt?t Wt-?t1%ft, W?-f??1W W ? - ? W R 't?W w f ttttW, "cwTttet? W T O c?^ ? 5 t ? 'Sit? w t c ? ? tfet? stf
WCSWWRW, iJ(ti ^ . 1 ^ W w W R i" W f W ^ ' s .at ? i f ? t9t? ? # ? f e w .a??. W f
H. A R. Gibb (E.l.')/f?tRtwtft?^tlt? f t t f?R ^sift?t 4l??fe?? I
s r t t f t 8 ( i ) t ? t WW?, W t - t t T W , 8 t . , io>!.; (?) W ? -
rf^ ' ^ R t l f f ^ f K "^'^sitfRllT (<^JLL- <aJI s
? T ? f , w f w f f Wttttt-RT5TW, ?t., ib-^ I
t?? 'tîiiRsl? t?? ?iw? w t - W f w f mm t f ? fict? I ,- ,f?t^ttTOtf
s t f w w t - w ? f R w t w w f ? fa w t - w ? f ? w f ? t t ftttc?
rf^ '^m ^ ^ - ^ i w f w (^Lî ^ ^1) g
1?C?tt 4C?? il?^ W t - W ? f frt?5W WC? t? (i(t\r/HH(t) fwf?
ioio-'^s [. t w trtfw WW w s R I R f ? c w f ? f t f t t ^1?w^f?t
t f ? WT WW 4Cg? I t?W i^bO/'lHfe-lro W t Ms fwf? t ^ W R
WR-W?Wt (W5?) Wt4>2|t2l=t???# (io<tO-H8) I fwf????lfrot
?WR f i c t t I f 4 ^ i'bi/'i'i'i-b- RtCt t f ? f 3 ! f X t W R W
f t w w fif?f5w flet? I
w g t f t w ? ^sffwcttct fwpra ct?t? w t wtw? t t i w ' ^ 3
W^Wf4$C?!R
?? I W % w f ?tw'JW?r^ W ? - ? t f t?? W ^ - i i ? Rnwt wt?t?
fS? Rf4 4C? il??. wtw? t C ^ ? t ^ R t?? W ^ t f ? WT WW ^rt^ '^T?fRt ( U _ , j i j _ . i ) 8 (W), W t T f t ? tew f w R
?!C?? 1 t w t C ^ Wt?tW i^b VibrO-8 W R R # f ? t f ? - ftte?? ^sifwif f i c t ? â?? ? i f f W ? (R) ttc i i ? # ? T f ? ? 4 T t
W t l t t - i l ? Wf?C^ WRCW CtW ?? I fwf? iHo /Hh-b-H WTR " W??teit I WW fwf? w w f f i c t ? trot tw w t T f ? w w w t i
tRWtW?? I t ? f t - R t ? W ?et?, t?T?W W R - R t t f f t1?lf f i c t ? iR?. Rtfet?
t r o t f S I ^CW f W t W W StWf=!W C?, fwf? i W S R S f t t (2tf? twcwt?R ? i ^ ? fvit<?if w? tesiT atbftw ?f??te? I
rof^ t , ct? 'srf^titf ?Tf^ f i c t ? I t?f-fro5"wwi wT?t? sttt#t 8 t ? ? W W R W t - ' W t 4 T W f , W t - t t T W "f
W?.t^rf??5 wttwtfw ^ R c ^ c? ?'Rt f t t t c w w?fcw W?lw W t f f t t tT^nW, f t t ? i o ? b r f?., 8 t . 8-e I
?T?W? tvW? f t W f ? I f ^ t?fiw? t t o W t "stsisw i t 4C?ra spt^ttTOtf
t t w f f?WW?
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Aoo
R R Rem tnt^R?, mtt? gn tin .ipt m i ct? ?mR

.tm 8</ioi mm m m t f m wi%<ms^fnm, ^-mR mm t^tmtln i m^^Q ^tn-a tR mt^t A ^ t^tm?
tî'iiw? w^'f Aiîcô? wRmf I R R W I ^ I R ^ Wln-WRAlft? mtite'! I Asms 'SAitn (m)-ia? t'tnfm^ 'mien ^ttm? iijf^tR
^ fern, ttmw? n ^ n R m ^ R R tmffcm ms, c^ftmtst cmt t t ? I 'Sfim (m)-'a? t^tnt^Fir? ctrnmet ?rsT?nt^
c m I ^R?'fstn nfcm *f?, cntfcnRRetHttt nft R"tR?tm 1?^tnt? ^ ên tR vat ?Rim ^5?>R?t 'mm? '^pRmtlem, ims
'ii<MiH (5.)-'^ i^tRicT t m ?#:m, 'mmRT ^Rrar sH i cittcn aft^m cit wtat^, 1?R 'ttm? ?tmem lem t%m? ?5?iim ?tn
R R RcmRsi? (wtR'Sn-Ri^m)-'a R ^ w t ^RC^F ^RetH ^ Sm efftt 'mm? mti?t ?#m mt^tmem
an? "5AlR^ '*iHijci-5fRt t m wtn-Rift >a ?it4?tRf Crni-iiAtf, tim^F 'm'nttm-g?tmVAt., aso) i tR bo R ib-
'wif t m 5i=iRiiM wH-wfm5i#ts mRsnrnc? R R rn^-tm ?e,i? ??n i f m ? t^Rmn w n n a ^ ?<^nie mi? ^ w<t
n w 9m stRtrcn ^RCÔH I tmf nncn R R % f ncm atAtmf mAtfe<T? lem R R i?ct? t'(R'4inwf mmf i
St? '^pRm tm? sRiAi:^ mmsRs w n ?RI?T wRâ; m, xttAt? to "3 8 ?mjt? m i mm m? i ^ttm? i t i ^ t e t ?
t # m mm-AiRi ? 5 efttiTca nf^'s m -a?? oss/ôos men
^ t???f5tn'iat 8 ( i ) Sit?w'm?sm?, (A) 'mn-^nR'?, >a^f5c??
mm 4i?4? ?5m A ? I ^stm? # ? f cn't^tt îtm? AMCI? m:m maj mm? m i t ^ rnntm f?m 'smA t m mmm t ? n Sirart; ()
'4?JStcF?t mli. mr^ m^n 'mn-m?t?% m i Scat ^Rmc^F i tif'sf-, tm? mm? m i mntm tm mmti t m ^wtfmt tnn
'iimm 'ttm? cmn ?5m?sci? w Scat w n mt i mm i t ^ ; ( 8 ) ATim, tm? itm? m i imtm tm mtm t m
tj?'Sn-^T?i-ia? ^ w t ^ i - ? St? 'tim? RR m^ mm I'wtR'm t?n irmn; (a) ^m?n >a (to) nm?? i ? H J I ( i ) i i ? i F i ,
'srtmcm ^mc^ c^lRncA i tAi? mm? m i mRm f?n^-AT?m; (A) A't-wi-j tm? mm? mi
af^tft 8 Brockelmann, S.l, 36; (2) Sezgin, GAS, 'm?-m?t?; ( ) A'wii's (8) ^m, >age?? mm flem m f i
At., (?A; (o) ? r f , t?mn, At., SAto; ( 8 ) t m tltiloH, ifm's mtmcT .'^tAt? ??t*i? mmi'^f? I
>Qm?tm, i t . , 01A, mg. de Slane, it., o o i ; (a) 'm^Smmi 'mi-mtf (m) nt^^jâtA (i) 'ê c?t 1^ mf^
itm, 1. A i o I R?i?f5 '^fmtcm I ^tiAt? 1H?5S ^c A i f A R?t?T ^f?mem
G. Troupeau (E; I. Suppl.) ^ 'mmi t ? n mfn^ (m), itAn t ? n m'n 'mi-mtf (m), 'II<MII
t ? n m ^ , 'ttAt? ^ i s f i f o m i 'wif t?n 'S?t?n, mt^m'^, m%
Wl^^TtW ^--Tttft (tîcLÎ >jl) 8 (m),
rnntm t m 'î?R?-ntA'itn, 'î?nn-itfn?s t m m ' ^ t m
*iw>t i<t mmf I i f m ? titmtm ti?mw cmcsi? mm m^mtm?
^m?n, t??ttti t ? n mmm t m înAi, ^f?m tnn'mf'fnm
'mg. too8 'sf. R R ^stnttAt w n 1 ^tTAt? m i mR?5 t m
m?ft t?n 9m 'mn-itmf, -^m Atim, -gm?? 'mn-^nR?
?!f'wi,mt^SmmStmi i ii:^mc5]tRRiRrai wR^ tRIsvs
t?n 'mf Smnw 'mi-m'tf at^ i
R m I 'tt^ mm? m i 'Sim R H ^ - A I R A t?n ^tn t ? H Sit?jt
af^tit 8 ( i ) t ? n m'n, 'm'-'5'i?i4't^n-^Rm, '2??r m.R.,
t m AiRm t m 'W11? t?=5n-tt?msf t?n m t m i mt^Smmi
ot., (?(M-(?(?b-; (A) 'm?-?iAtf, tmtm 'm'nttm-[mm, 8f i t ,
(m)-'a? ???tnRm "^tn 8 mt^ S m m itRr^ t m m f m r
J??; i8oto/iSbto m . At., <t^\r-<t8o 1?tlt i i o ; (o) i& Cnt^,
t?gn-mf ( i m ^ mRn) t m 'WTR? t m 'wf^ t?n AnRm
'mf 'wn? t?^-tt??M t?n m t m t m t?Rin-tt??m vst^sffn'sttimtn-iiATm, ^??i^ 'm.R, At., i s b , i?,tit ibri(f;
'mn-'sjimif 'mi-mtf i (8) t?gn-mtf?, S i ^ - t i m , cA?1ni^^11R, (?t., i A i ; (a)

m% S m m (m) i f m ? ^f?c? ^c^t t i m i atAt ?stm i t?nAlwt?'mn-'îK'tnif,'mn-tnm,fii? i o A b f t . , o t . ,
R R ?m, S ^ ^ t m s i A msn ?|5j5talA (n)--^ nRs 088., 1?tTt ItoAb, mtn^ t ^ mf'WT t ^ ; (to) cnt^,
'5r?.tatAt ?scm 1 1 ^ Rsfc?? n ? m t m cttcat? t m ^ R R t vsJA'fll^-^mA?^, t??? iSstob- 'St., i o t . , i(?-ito, i;,tTt ito,
?AF ^ R m R m i cm ??m ? t n 'tAi? ^ I t t R cmt tt? 'stn itfn?s.tm mf'wt t%em.; ( i ) <^ cnt?5, mîRs-'mA?'^, A ?
a^^rfm ?m ^c^ '^f%m?t ?sf?c Rtm R R m ^ tnn m'n I t , '2??;^ ios(?/iii(? m . At., AA<?, i^tTt b-iA; (b) m'^
"mi-mtf [g.l (m)-c^ m m , m f ^ t ^ ' m ? 'mR ?R mi? mtmtf, Ri?i?"i-nAim, tmm tmilim^, ntcm? 'm.R, o/it.,
stfsc? ttf?5ii la?? 'maTA 'm'wim wnt? ^fttR R?it?i Ren Aosi; (s>) t ^ t t r n i , 'mi-^fmfn-mmR"?T!, m?^-?t?m, i i
wtmrc?? c?it1?^^c c w t m mtt? Atm'mRtm'mitcm I t , ^m?em i8ob/isbi m , At., o o i ; ( i o ) t ^ 'wi<)Rn-m??,
i R s cmt tmtfin ^ 'mRr cmitc^ oittti:' tttmmi, tmc Tsnn- tmf'mt?, tm? 'm.R., 8 t . , i<jib-i(?SiSi, i^trt Ab8(?;
c m ^ i c = ^ m t ( t m '^KRn-m??, 'rnn-ti^t'wt? s t . , i*oir) i ( i i ) t?n -mti?, '5[T5r-Rmm ^ntir-t^mm, T f i ^ . R s ^ isttsr-'wimf,
t m t f 1?'Sem?
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W|t?T?I?T W f 4 t % W t - ? f T # (?T)
iff?,, boei/iS'^? W , o t , o?e; (b?) C t w , W t - t?f%wf? ?TitTi 4?t?t s t w t w a , ctttTc? t w R 'w??et?

f W f t - t l t l t t t T t , TO t?"?jft-'fTO W t - ' W t t f , tww wt.R., TOtfftie? ii?5w? ww^f f ? w w ? t f t f t ? ?"Rt ft?ic?? I ^sttwf
?t., (2-08; (iO) W t - ^ W R s f , t W o t l t - T O f t f , *Wt1ft- ^fft, cW? c?w t ? ^ t W W C T ? wftw? t f e t t w ?w TO (g. t??
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WS W ? ^ W % t WW? tft t w t ? ?W?T w?w w tTtft I wifitwic? c? t e i
w w ? ^ W??1?c?5 W f W f ? - i [ ? tl-C"*!^ t?b-!iihef attf*R WI
s (W) wt-^-?nf, W1TO
t^t-s ^siRiftW I W?t WtTO cwai W?few? ( W W ? ^ W??Te??
test t w t t ? w - i r a 'fw^'t-'TOt' atrt f f t t t t f t n t t - i i ?
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t4tm wfttic? I fft tftticw, W f t ? w t w t - f t t f
f t f w e ? q t -fWf? s t t t fte?5 w f ? ^ ^t?if?ct? I w t t
(W) t t t ?n%iT? wt-tttt'STdw -ê ttttw ^ t twc4 ii4l?
# ? f ? n ? t t c t t ? ' t f j f ? t?ft-wft? ( t t f t - t T W , ?n?c?T
^ftwf TOf t5j|?ncw 1.
ttt 'WttR? t w t , W f t?i?i^ ttttw Rsfc? t i R t (?T)-ira i)?Vo R., m., ?q?) t?? ?Twt? W t - ' W W T W f (Wt-ttT?t,
w w w i>o?(2- R, I t . , i><!j?) ,wtwe?5 w w f l e t ? t e w t w
t R s Rett I WTTO ? R s 4Roi1? twt t t t "Wt? w w - w i f f ?
t w ? R f t t"RT 4fwtRctt I f t T O w e ^ R f t f t f t t ftttet ?5l??lC??l
t t f t fictt t f t t t '4ft we? I 4f?wi? f????^ ttwc? wtwc4 f?f%wwte?t w t f t f C2t%^
4f?cw ?? I f w ? f " S T O t t s t t t F. Bajrakterevic t s w ^
stttiSt 8 ( i ) t t t W W T ? W t - ' W W T W f , W t - t t T W -ff
twift w f w Wt I t?te C4?t Wat? f t ^^tfw bci>f?
Wttftft't-tTJnW, ftt? iO?V R, 8t., f. 81
4f?w?.t wt?ie?, t i r o W W ? R R ^ ^ t a ^ ww? w e t
f^pufttrotf
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?rf5[W? (t)-it? ?T# W W ? T f W (W)-it? w f Wt-?Tf?? t?? wt?t te5? ?'Rt? tl'^^tf|R I 'w?? t w e w w t t W f
'W?ftt-'tW W t - W f ?R?IT C?? C?s? t sf?>Tt ?sc?? I 4 i f ?C4 4f? ftttc? w?*tt ^ tcE^ f t w tTe?5? I t?t t w
t?? *w??Tt (W) ?f^ m ? T f e ? '<if5i,si? (t) Rwt wtTO
C?, W t - W ' W ? f wtWe?5 f????^ t l f <WT? WW ^srfwf^
w t t - w w w Wf?e^ W f ?WTW f?c?Tfww f i c t ? ? f t w t e s t
?#?Te?t, 9m, f w ? c?w c?w 4t?wte4 w a r n f r o ? f t w
2t^?w 4f?we?? I ^ t ? t t e 4 ' w ^ t?? f?ttttt ( w ' ^ , t ? T O ,
( i ) t ? ? TTWt?, W t - t t T W , 8t., % ibCt t?.tTT
.bt., >>q) IWC4 ^ T ? t ctTeat? w f e t i w f w e t 'srfwtt
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?#?tTe?? I
f ? t ^ f R ^ ??TO w s t f
sttf#t 8 ( i ) f - a W f t - ^ T f t T f t , ?t?ew i>ii>8v, ?t.,
wn^?ist%i wnw-^1^ ( ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ i ) g ( w ) , Vb--i>i>(2-; (?) ?TWW (Freytag), it., ^.bt.; (o) t?? f W t W
w t f w f c t ? ii?>w? w?? ?sf?, W f fW??-it? "t? ??T?t cttes!? R'?, 8?o-(2-; ( 8 ) Wlpt ' W W W t - W ' W ? f , f?WWlt-'a t W ? ,
f l i t ? c # w t 4f? I fwf? W f - W ' t , ?sTW? t T T O ^ tew W f W?eW io?i R , ioo-b (t?e?# ^ 5 ! f T O : Nicholson,
^f?T??-il? CW4 f t c t ? I WTW? sTf wt f i t 'wft? (W JRAS, 1900, 708-9); (a) f f ^ , W??' W W t t f t t - f t f ,
t.S?1?tt?) t?ft-^W?T CÎWT t ? ? ^W?R) t w ^ "Wit? t ? ? <M?C?1 io?? R., Vi-^;. (.ij) 'W?ft-?5-Tf? W t - W f W f
Wlt?T I t4^ft? t w t f?W ^fT?T ( t w i t ) W f ?stf? TOlt ttlfs (t5t?tWlt-WTO, f t R i ? q q R , ot., 8.SJ.55-10, 8 t . , ib(t-%
f i c t ? I C W ? c?w w i w ? ^ twfwc? (g. c t w w-f?fft, 8?o-i; ( 1 ) 'W?f, W t - W?5Tttf?-?l?lR"?Tl (f^ttTWlt-
?Ttiw-? iew), W f ? n f ? RtTi 4t? wwwtw wwit-î? W T O - i l ? ?tf%1?), Ot., (2-8-1, <i(t\>--bo (b-) t t w w ?
wie4 f?TO ^ t w l f l c t ? I f4^ c?ew| W - w ? ^ W ? T O .at W W W??stf?tt, W-fiWlt-WTO f T?t4TRt->Q'W?ltt-'WTO,
f?we? wf^ f l e t ? I wtt ?sftw w e ? , tw? W W iwe4 WSTI ???t iV(2-v, iii>?-<!j; (ii>) f ? T W t ?Tt%R, Wtft'tt-WWttt, f ^
?5TO WW W f Wf?e?s W l t ^ f t W f l c t ? I f 4 ^ WTW??TW boov R., bH-V, ibH, (io) f ? T W t 'W?ft-?5Tft?
w?TO-ii? w?twwt? ?si?et W f w f ? f t ? t e w ^ w(e? w^ W i wt-?nf, wt4fft-w?r5i R-w?R" w?!ftt t?? ftwt, cw^
i i t fat? w e f t w te?, ??? ? T W W ? f ^ W f w f e ? ? ftt?f5w i o i o R . , iV^, ?8^*; ( i i ) F Bajraktarevic, La
t t w f f^jicw?
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Contents
Lamiyya d'Abu Kablr al-Hudali, Publice avec le RARmo-iii \siR(<i|vE^* m\ ^fTfnn ?f5 cmn 'wT?f i ^
commentaire d'as-Sukkari, trduite et annotee, msnrcn mm ntn m i la^mR m s 'wmf ar? lam^ n i ? t ^
JA 1923-59-115; (iA) i^ mt^, Le Diwan d'Abu Wtrf mm? mn WT^-îmt?'(MS, Leiden, 1001, fol.
Kabir al-Hudali, public avecle commentaire d'as 50v-58v), H. Suter fm Das Buch der
Sukkari, tradult et annote, JA, 1927, 5-94; (i-o) Seltenheiten der Rechenkunst von A b u Kamil
Brockelmann, S. it., S^s i al-Misri, Bibl. Math., 1910-1, 100-20 g. i nftmR
Fehim Bajraktarevic ( E . I . 2 ) / -Âm wR?f nfR^rt? tRl??^ mt*rR (Integral Solutions)
m"m:?5 tnRr i wT*[tms m?mnt? S A K ^ Diophantine
analysis' nm A? i [That Part of algebra which
f^\) % t m ÂTsnn t m 'wH-Affm w m - f m f t ^s?^
treats of finding particular values for general
expressions under a surd form. Chambers Diet.
c4Hf? lam^ fmrsrm, OIAK^T? ir*rr s^rm t m ^ T T
It takes its name after Alexandrian
wH-tTnifmf (g.)-ia? 'mjnft test wr^ ^mRm sswt'
mathematician Diophantus (c. 275 A. D.)-vide
wH-Rp#? ?H I îTAra fmntn af^tfm 1%f%c w m îAit4
Chambers Biographical Dictionary, 1968
m F ^ t ? l i l m ^nc? wnroi e^tt tfefo^?!^^ t t i ^pfe fit?
Revised Edition. P. 386] i ât ?nT m^ CT, ^
(ffetRs f?^5Rt? tf^^M? 'mr wFt-^snm ?M-'s[?si?tnT fm^
tRmmfS tfÂin wgmft ms% i c?mm o n *tm#? tRôw^st c?
g.) 1 tmt mft? f t s t # t t ? g tnnt^ ^SIAI? w^ttfntet? mtucsi
Diophantus-c?5 w ^ m : ^ ^mr wRf i f R n r t ?
tRtSc?tct%s?#tr?i?n5Wat^2tm?t?^ mmi
(Indeterminate Equation) nmmn ^^pJI? Smn^ nRral
^STJIIVIR^ C T O I ÔIAI? a r ^ t t g ? ('StjiiitFo? ^f1?n afc?t? %f ntt=t1%?s mimrmr^ mtnrn ntr AtrôcA, t%Rt c^?n ^Stm? n m m t ? ^
mt?ic=T) 2lt??s5t 's?^1'^t|si m \W{ 'stFr trsnttmtt ( i . yrao
(Rational) nmmm wTatft tmm, 'wimr? i R i ? ^
% ?nwtA)-? ft? 'wrf t m wtAmg w t n - t m i f (-sj. . nm?fi?T (Integral) ncA i mt^-'mmtât^lt? Wâr?
oss/hiCff-to)-? ir? f i r m , tat i ? % t ^ttAt? # m i t r Ra^ mm? st^mt^ô A ? (tnStnt AA(f.8) l Mantua-?
wtnt ?t?, wt? t%f tram ?t? nt I C t O T ^ ?jf^ ^5tAt? ft'SttRtr? Merdekhai Finzi ^ "si^nimsT^ w n (c. 1460) i
lil^tRt T?J ?MT W n I t R w r | <Mfviw<] f t e t f ^ m t m - a wgmn ?#5rtf|rm (tnSRt
s^Rivo ostTtt^, SÊstm t m r a tmr? ^ A T ? AAC-o) ivh.to j. Leipzig ^^r 5fmt*r .Festschrift
1'34lR? iil?# \O|PI<P1 R'<5,R>as ajt? (1. Aî) 1nt*t?^ ?s?I AtstCA i Steinschnider atr?? II trattato del' Pentagono e
^ XO|RI<)JH^^ gtttt^T i ^ r ^ ntn f%tn t^sn-ienn't del decagono di Abu Kamil tn?r^ (itoS>-S>8 ->[.)
'a?f5-vo|*tll4" 1 On augmenting and diminishing G. Sacerdote nm ?5rm m\ Suter stmt ?5rm, iflt m^
(R>AR*i'o atr^ SM35 mm w t i R s â^tifn t?smrm sn;tm?irt w^mn (?mfn mmn tntî^ A t r t m A ? , "winft m
tfanttmf? mn Stlf^tvo A t ? i c A ) t ^ m ^ m'stmtm, On mt?n Atr nrA (Suter, Die Abhandlung des A b u
the two errors' wfte, ^tR nt?m mmr i nrtt^n mmn Kamil Shoga b . Aslam 'Uber das Funfeck und
st^rtRt^s augmentum et diminutio aJ'^tlRc-q* F. Zehneck' ^frns R ^ , (Bibl Math, 1909-10, 15-42) i
Woepeke (JA. 1863, 514) Wtn-Wtnt "am^ M>|ipllo--iii? # t f ? n Suter-ia? nr, Paris MS-7377 A. No. 6,
mm w ^ nimT afmt <pRc C5tt ^^?i? m n Atcôt Sfaf^ at? 9tt#tttmR wt^-i?it?' atr?? njit^n A"anT?t ni?m (m^
gtmfn mm4 tn wt?s A ? I a}"?mtn Histoire des <wIviM? % t t f ^ -a #tAr? m^j'^'sf -a. m^r?n% nrnsn mx.
sciences mathematiques en Italic wrmrf ar? -strm nt^sf -a Tftc?n% nmon (Pentagon and decagon)
Libri ?s^''?5 mmtRp A t n t Liber augmenti et tm?^ I^mtm mt^n wjmrm m^Rtft-a m i r m mtntrA i %
diminutinis ttr?tmm 2f?nf^ At?ltA (mtl?n ivob-(., i n iiffo mm wRf ntt^nrt? mmmn-^^mR m?r^ m^r??
n t 1. Affo-S>l; iVto* (., A? ni, isoS-toSig.; ^. H. Suter, fsjtf^ ^fc?5 tRi'=fmr? St?ift A? nRrai nm m? (^.
in Bisl, IVIath., 1902, 350-4 -a J. Ruska, Z u r Colebrooke, Algebra with Arithmetic and
aftesten arab. Algebra und Rechenkunst, in mensuration, London 1817, 233-5) i Rsf m t ? ^ (^.
SBAK. Held., 1917/2, 14-23) i 8<Hto '^.O tAt? i r ? t ^fi?n wttnt^ litmilU 'stm? 1 ^
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Contents
Wfwltt ^ t w WRTO W f 4lPi=i: WT t w W t T O
4 f l T O W mi TORlfw 1I1?R I w R w t Ct WTO t t t T O B (Studien), 1936, 245^59, and 3 Gandz, The

f t l t c t Ctt^sft'S f%ft tsRilCW, W ^ WTO TO Mishnat ha Middot ^ f^lWt t W ' ;fRt: W t -
^fStW W f w p t t w R WR?Ilrw (^. M. Cantor, Gesch. W^Wfwtft, Geometry; A. (Qiaelleh), 1932,1%*t?
d. Math. 2, i, 588 ff.) i W f Wtttt? t W T O twR oq, btr iro I ttffwl??! RR djazr (radix, root 'sffti
W f f e t t l f t W W ?TO t w W^Stt t W T O - t w R w W W w t f t ) , mal (census, capital) adad mufrad
ft^WCt? I stTO -tftWl? W W R t W T O t t f f o ^^Wt W f (numerus, absolute number)-il? t ? ^ Rtc?? c w a
w f t t t w i w o .twR 11%^ il twf? wff *n W stfwtWSfR W f w t t t Wt-W'S?!f??fc?s tfttWC? '^lft?t ?st?WcW, 'SC?
o*((!)*4i'.<p[^C'.f?tWf^tCtttwt? W?b?ft?tCW I ff? f<3t<M W R 4 f f W R t ff? f ^ t C ^ ^Slfwasw ?5f?W f^tWeWl ilt1C?
W w i f e w 'fwTt WW RC R W f s W c ? ?w Wa; I CR WW fft ^siftt ( f 4 t?,tlt? tC5f WtRTf4 ?? ilt?) w f f C t ?
i5t?5, i l t 4 W f?f% C?t W t w W W artW? Wo-TWt?5-il? C?1t - f?C?1Ct? W Wftw fpt == ?! + t 4 - ? ? ! t - i | ?
f f W ?Wl,4f?WCW, Wtc?t W1tftf?C WTO WRf?C*tt t ^ ft%Ct 4f?C? I tw? f t l W ilt?it % 'ib--if? ?'1f^
<(t?ic?(foi. 101-2), twfwf? f r o WWW f i t w I tf?f?4 ^5tc v - i i ? ? ' f f t ffcWct? c? f??t ff? t?? 4f?et?,
tWWC?^ (Integral Solution) t e w c^fffWT C? RWf W?lft '?.b ?tC ?8' f?C?ft 4?, Wc wtw? ? .1 .ilt t?,tlt1^
W*1W 4?t At^lC?,- ' R S W t w f W W twf w t w 1%^.f?5^ : WffR- ib--il? f t f R f?C?1t ? # C t WW w f ^ t t C ? s W W ?
^c w c ? w i RTO'^tc? I
C 4 ^ i ? c w f w f?wf? f f w t t^ft tffC^- RCW. W f ; ' W - W ? 1 # (f. y>o?S), g . ) eff ftwtf^t; t???4
tnftt-vs. .wWof?ct? fcitj' cttwcttct? f?t4? .ctTO ?t?rc? 11? Wt-W.tft-W.s"^5[t%^ f t t c ^ test ?ft?tC?- (F.; Woepcke,
t c t ? t t w i ? # ? tCJ ^tf^ W t f W wf? TO ^ m ? \ t Extrait d u - E a k h r i , Paris 1853, 57-95!) i ^ t s f ^
t e g t 4W .^?tc, ] ttc?lct f*fW (-Pisa) ttft? tf^tc?W R ' S ^ w t f ? f t ? T i f i i t t twt? ib- X3 R?,tn ftf^ ?j?TO
ftf% Liber abaci (1202; .Scritti, ed. '?5t?wew I t t f e t ? cw3i w t - ? w i # ? r w o w?<t twf W f
Boncompagni, Roma 1657-62, i) W t ^ ^ J e t ^ f Wftet? aftttte i l W t R 3 W'S?! TO t i t I
t f w c t ? (Indeterminate Equations) ^ W ?ft?tc? i t<*3^ 'S tstacwf t t t C ^ il?? t t ^ t R C W f t t t
^ j ^ v g t ^ f t M CtW ?t?IC? I W f W f W i o o o WCt CW3t ( O n the pentagon and decagon) Wt?5 attttf??
Reichenau-il? ' f f ? W W t ? t e i ?f& il?5WW t^SC?5? W t t ^ Wftct? t t # l f t tJtt?t 'il' Suter-f W t t R ^sifTO, ^ .
W f f t f t ? W W R t^C?1Ct R?ettt i t t RtRTtf? W C W f ^ ?? I
ttc?? w p 5 C t ? f t ^ WW^, f ^ ^ ' t Sacerdote-f
t ? ? f t t c ? t f ? ffvsf tf^^5C?Wtt, fwt? Witt? Cossist-tt
tt% W f R {% t t c w W P ^ ) I attttf?? ttsf^tw W ? f ?
(Adam Riese,- etc.) tb?1b? R#f? tfc? ??, t i f f W fsftffct?
wjiftt4 t t t r t f t ? cw2t ftw-Wf^tf?s twf 2te?it W?W f w t
ijtt fRf*f?W ?#?1CW I f?1 il ??C?? t t w t fWtc WTOt t^
wSf? R ? t t W T O ttft?W ?W ^?TC? I W f w t t t 1W? ateta
#?C?? f??Wf? ^fWft (rogula virginum) ttl? ^tW (r.
Potatorum r. coeci, r. coetl) Wsft ?J?TO ?#?ncw ("5. R?t?e*t ffet? TO wflw t t ? i e w i 'sit^w^R c w s i t sm Rititc^
Bibl. Math. 1905, 112) i CW? W ? TOt W f?fft?t W W T O TO i w ?f?w w,tt??e^1f?
W f ?tftct?ftw#ttt C<P?t wtft? ( M S Paris 7377 i o stfwtew I .iiew3jfftwt-W'QWf??f? twR?2tw?^tc
A, fol. 71v-94v) f ^ (Paris 1029, 7 Munich ftewe^ f 5 ?sew t i t 11%^ t t t i t RW?te? ff? c? twt w ? ^ t
225, 5) W W W ttW TO I Brockelmann tfsf^t f t ?#?iew, t w f r o f ^ w f ? twt w t w t^? I !w?
'W?ft W#tft ilW-Q t f t w ?5f?W Ctw ?? W t I ft)^ 2t?1? atftif? ft?t%We?t f?^f;=f wtt f b W ?5e? i Sacerdote
WTO fWtl? f1% I W t t f 1 t f t W t - t f ? 1 % ttft WW, cwtit?tew, f^lTO tt>s?Tt Wt-?tttet? att ^ T O t 4t??1tW il??,
^tttt? i l W W? WW TO W I L. C. Kaipinski-? f?wR Practioca geometriae (Seritti, ii) sftWR tW ^tc
RC?tt1ft4 a t t The Algebra of Abu Kamil Shoja s t ^ WTOT al?t ?sf??tew I
ben Aslam, Bibl. Math. 1911-2, 40-55 tTtffct a r t t # 8 ( i ) Suter, 43; (2) Brockelmann, t f ? f ^ ,
? f w Wttt? W1tft? ft%C ?f5 I af^tltt? .^f?tfR4 t^^^ft? i t . , v5S)o; (o) M. Steinschneider, Hebraische
WW W Ctf? : O Neugebauer. Zur geometrlschen Ubersetzumeen, 54-8.
Algebra, QueUen und Studien z. Gesch d. Math. W. Hartner (E.1.2)/ 5 ^ t W f t ? t ^
t t w f tf'êw?
t.f?.Vô
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Contents
Wf <P'l<J*i t<f^-?t1?^ (?T)
1)^ W??t ?5f?? I ? f ^ we?, f?f|t W f ^ W ^ ( t ) f w C'2f?t
w t - w ^ f ( W ) w T cftrara t t f ?i%r mtm wi?t? iW f W ? w w t w w w c ? t ? wtwt?tflct? s ''^.... ? t I twc w f t

WtTO ^ t r o I ^FS TO TOtf I " W W I K , ? i R ? , w CWTO WW f t t f ? R ?5f?? I ? W ^ W WW, WW w t w w WRW
1%5ft ?ÎW^s t e s t w e ? I R T OTOw w t w t w 'wR? t % CTOf f^t?tf^ I
tw'5'^ I c w ? c w ? f??t?t te W t T O w e t ' w t f s t ? t w t?ttw-ii?
W f W ? i R f t R t WW TOjf Res? R w c t t W t t e ? iweiT w w w ? w ^ t ? t ? ff? ? f t ? i f ? e t ? , W W w f t m ?,te??
we? I W f t r o i t t w ^ w i R t t e s t t f e t e ? ? , R f t wiro tC?T t t w t af^cf wf?? W 1 ( f t W ? R ) il^ ? t ? Ww5Ft^ ^^W
tt?tft f ? c t t I 'wtfW^ t w l^TTO tw'^'t^ ^^^f^wc?t, f e ? t c t t ? t ? ttw?ew? t t t w e t twt? '^'fjfct t t w w ^ i
. ft^c^ 's we?j fwft W f ^ t t t t<f'=i-tlft-iira t t w f?wt .flt^ W f ^ T ? t ii?5w? W ? f ? c t ? I ?5f?wf? R f ? ? t f 3 W ? (t)-ii?
. fwft ft?f ?5.ate?5 t t t i t af^ct t f w tsffew t t t W t f t e t , cwttw ^ w t e s t ?sf?e? il?? ?tte?, ftt ( t ) t?tW??-ii ftw?w
ilt ctt?5l^ [ W f f s t ? (t)] 2tR *ftftw I fwft W f f S l ? ( t ) - i l ? ?>t?e?? I w ' w *s?t W?ew w t w i t w t W R ft-.ii? t?iwc?? t t ?
t t e t cttT t#m WtTO w f 23tet? w t?t t # e w t i t r o f c t WtTO f?5f ?5Rw ?ftwe? (g. t w ^ t w t , f?tw, i t . , f . ( t i , ( t ? .
wtftftwt f c t fwft iiwsR f t w w f ? c t t i l t ? ? i f t ! t f t w '2??iW iJq(t '<[.) I
t1?fSwf?ctt I W f ^ T ? t t T O f t ? 2tt?,et W t - ^ " ? W t - i l ? ilW? WW
t w t t ^ t w ^ f T O ? t w wron? W t w e ? t , fwft t w ? w t t t '5t?te? I w t - f t w t l t f ? ?"# W f ? i f t w?ilt s
ttft?if^twf?ctt iii??tw f t w ? t w W T O w t t t "^l^îfiett I
,U\ L
>s?tRf? ??tcw t w W ' t (?) ? e t ? , c t w e t W f ; wr?it
t ? f p i - W t W w t t t t e t W ^5lf??s f?-t ?Tf?5-il? ^ f w w f f i l t ?
tro ^'5i,t*i'{ t?tf f ^ 3 ? I fwf? w ^ n t e ^ \si?icw? f??e? ^ "c? ^ w ? T O t t ! w f e t ? w ? ? ? t R t^s?Tf?w? t t j rot.
W?e?; w?teii? *)et f f w ^âTO W?twR c'ftflcs? i t e ? fwf? cwttew?wwt???e?" (8 s ii) i
W T O w t - t wtww-ii? w e t f t t t w w I w t - t wtww w t w e ^ W ? 1?lft fitft f W t f w - i i ? te W?tlt s
t t s c t at^t ?5ew I Rf? WTO wttwwR? t f t 2te^ w f <
^ t e t wtTOT w w e t ? *tet? fte?s wtww w ^ W W I Rf? wt?t
^ t c w tww t t e w t I WW w t w e t ? i f ^ w ? ( W f ^trrt-ii? c t w w
ff?few ttt?w) wtww t e s t , c? W f ; ? 5 T ? r t ! W t f ? e?t f?-t
"cwtttct? f ^ f ? w t t wwew? ttt^t 5j?t <t>t5?ic? w t w e t ? w
T i f t s - i i ? t w e ? w e ? ? , wtw W t R c?tTO '5te W f t ? ^^?le??
c1t?t R T O ^ W " ( 8 g ??) I
C5ittte?t; W W ^tt f t - t t??lttt ( W ) I
WW W f ? 5 T ? t ' w t t f?-t t?Wftt ( W ) wR' i l t tftw
Wf ?n?t-ii? t? tTO tpj f r o f t (fc2R t,w)-w
f t W ? -il? TOtit wttttct wst? . i t w?rt1t wttt ?sew i
'^tw rot? f t w e w t w ^stfwfet R'QWW i ^ e t t i t e tTOttt w
a r t t # t S ( i ) t w Ttwt? W t - ' W t ^ T W f , W t - t t T ? t , 8 t . ,
' W t ? t w f ? W t - i i ? t f t www t w e ? ? te?T cttte? t w
% ibi, ib^, t?tTt S.88, f t t ? i ? V R., f. .5o?-.5o8, t l t r t
f ? t ? t ? ? ? I W f w t ? t w i t ?ttet, "wtt 'Q ?t?t t w '^^nt? ?tw
WWW' fwftf?t-'WWtt?, <t>PlWvs1 iob-o R.; (?) t w
W ? W ? f?-t t??lttt ('W)-il t t t l"
'W?ftt-W??, W t - t t f ' W ? , ( W t - t t T W , 8 t . , ibo; () t W
W f w t s t ( w ) ? i f 3 W ^ (t)-ii? t?f*fiTt?f t e s t <pR? w?
ftwt, Wt-f?1^-WWf?'?Tt, i t . , f. ( t i , (t?,t??fW it<H(t '<[.;
ttte?, ff? t f r o ftF?w W?e?? i ftwae? ?s,t? f e ?
( 8 ) t w 'flt, WT?WT, 8 t . , f. bxS-b-.!s, t??f, . f?. 1
t ? t 1 ^ f'î?-.ii? t 5 T O t t e t ff? wf f?ct? I
"5?f3It "ff??^ ??TO "Jpwf
WffsT? (t) ?w t f r o w t t t ?5ew, ff? cttte? wttw
WtTO c t t t e wfw? w ii? tTO ( t ) WW tWe?s ^ ?sew i
W f f S f ^ ( t ) wtw? tfCt t t W t t W f f W - i l ? ?JttJt t t t f w w t - ^ w f (w), i w w ? t t w f f?ct? I f W ? H ctte3i? ?if; w?t
?se?? I W f ^ t s t W W f?w t t w e t ? f f f fR?w ?5ew ii?? W T O W?t? wtf I ftw? TO W t - ? T R ? t w Wt?t t w I
t?tc f f w '^TO if2H c t t I f%f f ? # T O t e t f t i ^ t w c?w twR sfftft?! f c t ttwt 5j?'Wtfet? wtjwt-, I R t ? <3 wt?t? W t
' w ? ^ ^ t w t?tf?i t w Ws^t-iii? w e t c t w ? ? I c t WtTO t t e t '.aiHij^^l? t ? f t - ? T f ? ? ?T?W? (?\stH tttftW?) ftw?w
w t t f ? ?j?W? w ? I WW ff? t e t ? , TOWt w f t wtw? ( t ) <l'fd?llf?W-t (g. t w TTWt?, W t - t t T ? t , 8 t . , i ^ i ; t w ^tWt,
t t w f R^cw?
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Contents
wt^^hl^-i Ao<?
i t . , 1 . ASb-,'???;^ i;i<? '^., t ^ R t n , % r o ^t., % b- stone) ?I?Atr?? ^m Scat ^Rstc^F Llppmann,

'iîf^ io;b ft.) 1 t m S f ' m m f % R i j f His #rai mKTR i S ^ Entstehung Alchemie, i, 298) i t'ttf?? iilt?it ?]?AI?
t m ? m^ i ? . ' ! i f ? ^ ^ A i i ^ f ^ wi'tatAt 4f5sicAF I m t ^ ' ^ i T P T ^tc i m m?, c m wrR? c? i ^ m^?? ( w m t n ) f?R^ ?^
f R atfiw I
m m m t
wtcmmt ^^fmtcm mm? mm^t ? # ? i c m l ^ m n w t f
f ^ t m m m - < a ? ^ wt.tatAt ^^flmr^ m n m t m t i m ? 5 < s ?nm^' (P. Kraus, % af., i t . , A S ; 'f. Ruska, in Isl.,
Tpi^ t ^ ?i4<ii? S m t <>f?sicAF I 1925, 102 ns) I
ar^fft ? (i) t m m ^ m m - ' m p r m m f , m t n - t m m , st., % . ar^fift g ^ m n sfn^ ^^pi? *it^f5^; ( i ) tmmtf, S A ; ( A )
itoi; i?.tji ;so, f w , ioAb f t . ; (A) t ? H f t m n , % i , i t . , 1 . G. Jacob, studien in arab, Geog., A t . ,toi; ( o ) P.
ASb, ^moo i;i<? 's}.; ( o ) t ? n ^tft?, m m - % t ^ - m m f ? i ] j i , Kraus sfrs ^^ratfn, Wtf?? t ? n AlSlH, At., i o < , nt. S I
At., 1 . b, "S??!^ io;b ft. I
A. J. W. Huisman ( E . I . 2 ) / - 5 m 2 W t ? P r f n t a t n
y.AN>i ^ft<lSl? ?A*lH *piSi^
^RTHt^ (gîm^)
^srf^ p H l ^ i ( ^ I a ^ 1 ) g w < 155^5 H n f m ? ^ ? m ? R
bi4fb<*jf<f^ ifi^ atm? ?^; m stm? 5fij<)H sm,
i ? ? ^ c \ s t m
'srf^'^PT^ (Abu K l e a - ^ j->l) s w t f ^ m s A ' - i a ? fnf
i i ^ f ^ m m f ^ m f ^ ' i m ^ f s i f i ^ a f f f m c s f m w s A ? i"N?? mmn m^ ^ (^snRA - Acaela SyeaD-â? ntm^nTc?
1
Se,ti% fFf%mr? f%f'sfim m ? m , ^ s r ? "wis? w t ^ ^ f < ? t t AHl?? lat mnw=f At? I ( 1 = 1 1 mfn? Se?tc?5 c ^ ^fmt
'a?5l?
>i4wt m\ t 5 " M ^ i f l ^ m s m ^ i t n m n ^ 1 t m r ^ m f ? ? s,m% AtsifAt mi isi m t n f n m^ mm St^

a t m f ^ AS, t ^ f ? ^ m m ^5tr^ w t t ^ 1 wt^-^mmmg?
wnf?^, cn m^tf? m ^ n?5fn ^^J:: mf? A ? m% i a ? ? . % R C i ?
Atmn mn^ nt?# l a ^ l t s l Dangola-<a? nf^t f?it (Kortl)

i?v5-f%wtm (MMIA, i:oA, Arablca, 1954, 158, 0 0 1 ;
162) aJt^mtt^HlsiH 5^'=1J<H s W ? <)IS?l^5ltF m f t m w

tt.^ wtn-fnmm c'ffcA mt^^tf tjtf% wwn ^^c?n â^l? ^c^ i
^ m f n ^ r t ^ m t m c A i H. L. Fleischer-iim n ^ m ^ m c ? ( D e
'mr mm i b b f f m e m i i ^ttgmf? wtmnR i^.ym
n ? c ? t t t i f i ^ mwm'm? t ^ WR? i^m? ^^f?t R?5cmt'mflf?
Glossis Habichtianis, Leipzig 1836, 106) t A f
Rem RtnfS'o At?iI*H I mAf->3? wgmftoi? mm w ? ? ^ c^Rtc?n
D ? 5 ft ^ t c s ^ m m ? w i f cm?w?i nfnm m g f ^ A ? I
Charles Gordon 'Q fnnltn <llfAf S ^ 4f?<fR >SRT ât
Dozy- ^ m:? mgmft (Suppl., l, 6, 85) l S de Sacy
"?A3i'f f ^ t ? f ^ " (Chameleon, m m ? ^ tf?Wi?ra W n^mftf ^fmit ttt tt?^5W? fnc?^ 'sratn? AtcfA=i i s i r
fitmrnirnsj m ? t ^ AtsicA) m c ' i f n j n ^ R ^ i f l i ^ l R t ^ ^ ^ Herbert Stewart->a? w f c n ^mmtftf ntAfriii? esf^
t m ? S , t f % ?firm m R ?5C?n (Chrest. rabe, iii, trad,
c m f i c m i i i ^ 1??f5 w?c*R (fifR f m mwR m4<M^l % m ^
'StifllfF) mg.fn A ? I ntAf? c m R n f m g A w f ? ? q ? ^RsifAi
2 6 8 ) I R f cm m f % m m "nAîf f5t?fff?'? m n ftmiR w r ^
4 ' w i \ F - > a ? S m t m t ; ^ m f t ' ^ f ^ m mffft^ .a - i t c ^ ^ s a i ^ m s n
n^tRsfc? w j f m Att'ofAt I 'mAtcmc?s fbmc? wramt ? R t A ?
i f R ^ ' ^ ^ n m r n A t f ^ ^ s r ^ ' i ? m A f n i f l f i o o o ^'Znmc^Rtfcn
( ? f m s fsiAH-t ^ t f ^ ' w ^ m c ? t ^ nî?^ m m ? m g ? i f m<f ?An
^ ^ R m tn;?s) I 'mt^?5tmT3n m c T O m f ? ^ ^ rf??m%r' w t m
c?5fmt A]?m mn I I S i S R ?[Rt ^mi fnA A ? mi <s ^
mtn, mmf?s-f m c T O m f < ? s ^ 9|t??vi-T%f' lilt sRin ?TC?SJ mtA A? I ^ t n wtn-fnmm tn m=i< m^ t 3 [ f ^ A ? I t f ^ m
(Sm5?t: Fres^tag, Proverbia, 1, 4 0 9 , Aimmf, m ? s i m ^ , t R ^ ^5tc Gordon csff?^ ?[l?*t fncm? m?1? %m?
J ? ? ! ^ i{>A8, bto; t ? n A i m , to}>, ^. And., 1950, 353) fmmmn 'mRRt n w i m m ^ ? nRs fnfn^ A ? i f ^ niai.
" N ? f ? t ? f ^ m c f w t m m t ^ m m R t m w wf%fA cm ?^
4c??>tl5 fmR? i t i ? i ^ 4 f?TO? mm n A f mftf m ?t1?'m
m ? m m % r m f m c < <j<tA^ ^ m trc^ ( s . t ^ m f t f , m m t . w t s R c t t i m o T ! ! Tf|c=r ^Rcis 3fsi<f (iî, isfigmR) i wsm
Wustenfeld, 1. 4 0 6 ) i m f ? ? s f 5?s-t;!rrf (>so-i, m m . S m n m f ^fStntf^ Scm?^m*tcFm''f^5tmf^f?mm? I
m g . Pellat, 5 3 H ^ i8o)-<ii? m : m t ^ ^ t m ^ ?fnr t i ? s ar?f# 8 ( i ) N. Shoucair ( ^ R ? ) , mfttn^^, ?SRC51
(mollusc) w r # ? 2ttf (Pinna) ^5?^? m m ? R f t " W i i } o o ; ( A ) H. E. CoMUe, History of the Soudan
(byssus or beard) f ? C * R m c m ?^ ?mR Compaign, n ^ i b b ; (n??nR cw\m t f ^ ) ; ( o ) A. B .
ttr^ i lat ?^ m ^ mcn-s m ? f b C^. Dozy, Suppl.) I
Theobald, The tVIahbiya, n ^ i;<?i; ( S ) B . tVI.
P. Kraus ( m f ^ t m mîTm ^^t., i i o ) sttft^mrsmtm s . De Allen, Gordon and the Sudan, n^SH iS>vsi |. i
Sacy 1m?ff*n5 n n ^ ^ f f m ^ r (Philosophers' S. Hillelson- (m. m. t . ) M. ^n. ntAlH? ?AnR 'Sia?!
tnmft 1nitc?sR
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W f w f w t ? Wt-t1?f?R
?RtW W'S?tt/ w w t ? ? W W fwf? W t - W t t W WtWtt?5

t w fpTsifw-W'stT f^s^mtt ( g . ) ??et?i TOtfstm, ^^sm t?t^ W W I
0<</CT-^, ioo< RRt w n t WtJsJTt W W I 8 i ? / i o ? i RtW t ? ? f ^ f 5 ? R ? WIWR WtTO ^ CtWTOtttTtt? ft^W?
t w fRl^ffft-Rf^Rt? t t t t t f t t t t l t R W R - W ^ m t WtTO Rgtt?? W R TO?TO W t T O WTtt?5f?tw W?T W I 'at R t ?
iswit W w t w%?i W W f w o t f t - w w (g.)-^
t % R 3 5 cTOtt ^ T O 8?o/ioo? S^b/iom R t W t ^ t t t T t t ? t t W t t t
W ? , W W ftWfR-W'SW (ftft t w f tR? fW^fws ^^w^ ?tWWftW WtWtt? ?ttt? t f t ? t ^ W f t t f w t t W Rft {WTO
t W W t WRtWoH WT ^CW WtWfWs ^ W f e t t ) , WsJ^ t f l R w ?? I .ift f t W t W f t f w t ? W f ? t f w t ? afTO ^
Jil^pi<pvsl fitt*1t <pfflfil \skl^TOt,*iw?i <ih<p.^flIWtf <Plf tl*iC<P Ctwtfw? RtTOTft< .iiwft t t w ( m t ?stw I WTOt-ettftw t t t
f t w W W *lT3l^ t t t at?t WW t ^ ttWtW? f w 5 (J2t?t tsfwt W W wtt? WW t w Rwct? ^srfwfw w t t I ^t?ftt?5
W W I t?r?f tt? f W ^ f w f t w t R t R t t t t fTOfw 8?8/iooo W t t ? ^sifwflR t t ? ?R?f W t W C W t t t r W f t f ? t t w
tTO> . a t ^ f t w t t W?R 'S i^l'i WW W W I R^Ws^STOf 8i<t/ tfC^ if?? C t t t f t t t ? fWTO W f t t f W f t W t t t t ? t t w t WfTO
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WR??swt W ^ - W ? t f ? W ? t t w ?=f ?? I W f ?5tfwt? ilt w^5ft3!? t t t T w^nR^ wl%sR twtftw ?? I
t?WW f ? w f W I f ^ W f t - W ' S W f f t W f%?TO ^5tw f?Wtf^ 8.Si/ioSi WW W f ttfwt? ?tTO w f ? tWWt^

?5f?tw ^ W ? W I tw 8ibr/io?1 W W f W W ? tttT W R tttt? WW twt?? t w f?5?ttt? t f t w f t t t w W I t t S t T W,
ttftW ^ .fl?? WfR-W'SRtffRW W f ?5lfWl? W f w ?o,ooo t?? f w t t w f r o t t t ? ftwtwfw? fItt? I t w . i f ^ ? s w
f T O ro afTO ?5f?tw W?T W I ilt ?i^l? ?5l?tt W f W f w t ? W?(t? 8^/io8i-^ t t w t w f f W t t ? f l T t f?^?tW tttt?
w f ? ^ - t w w f t w w f w ? ôf? w ^ w t w ^ - w w (g.)-^ w w w f ? t f w i ? t w w t t w ( m t ? 5 R t w ? J W I cit?f^?w
t w f w f ? ^ ^^TO WW W t T O w w t w ? w t a t at^ct w?tw^ w i ? t W ? t ? ? ??.f? " W t t t t - W ^ T O tpttt? t w w ? f w f W W f
?tftt? w f Si^b/W? io?<t RTW f R f % f t - W W ? tnfWttW W t ^ t t w t 2tWft WI I R ? 8.38/ io8?-v5 RtW

WTWft-W'SW w w t t f w t t f t ^^tw wf ^tfTflw? ?ftW W f f w ? t t t T t t f t f f r o t t w ftt t t t ^ W 3 R t 8tfWs ?5W I
îtfsrt?w5 .at w t w t WTRR ^ttrflt I ,f?^ W W t t ^ W f W8t? W R R , 8.S<t/W5 i o 8 8 W W WtWR t ? C W ^ t W W W
?nfw? m ntm w t w?w (w<3Wt 8i.is/RTR^ ioê ^ c w mi fittct ?R w t w t f R t t w t t WtTO f g WR-wttft-'wf?
^ f t l W t - t W 8ilr/W?-WWt i o ? 1 t w ) WtWTR? fWTO WtTO (g.)-'a? filR W f t w et?sfR ? # ? t f ^ , f ^ t w W f w f w R s i p
Rtt t w t rot ^ I 8 i V i o ^ ^ RtW w ^ R f W W fwR ^ W ? t t C 5 t ? 5 t ? ? f?f?tW t w f r o W I ^ W filWTfTO ?RltCW t t f W I
fWTO f f R WW ?>w? mi t ? ? f ?R? f t ? t f ? t w f W l R R t ? 8.5.lj/Ctt'^ i o 8 8 R f W f W t W C t t RC?, W ^

tRWtr:^ fRtw w w ^ f t ? ? 5 ^ 2 t f w f ^ C2t?t Rtsf ^ T O w t , 'jw l a w w ^ ft?t?wwR.3 fsm fR
?>f?C\s RW^ W I W t f w ? CWttt? f ? ? ^ ^(âw? f t f s R WW W R ? I . a t w w fR i i r o f . s w t f w t c f t W R t ^
^siftwfw? fwgr? w t t t t ? T f w .at t t t ^ t aj^ct f r o w ? tRt w mi t f ? t ? fw5 i^t f ? i ? f ? t t f t ^R w I
f%f ?5t WW ?? w t I 8iS)/io?V R t W W f WtfWt? ?RW t ? ? f TO ?RtW W W ^ t t W W f W f w R 2ITOW W f ^
R ? T O f t ? f ? ? 3 t t f w w t t t W W 1 s f t t R WtWTR? W3Fttt? f w t W f t ? W o T fR?? ? 5 T O W t w W f t t t t t i
W R t W f t f ? W t w f a ^ tttTTR? t w w ? tww*) -bWWW ? 5 W ?TW?ff f ?I?C'* fR sttt?ttW t w f ? TOf C?t?.?5f?C
t t T W W R t f ^'SWCt? WTOt mi tt??tt Wft-W'SWfilTR? W?S ?SCW I 8m/io8<t-b RfW W t w ? W ^ f t t ? t t w C?ttt?
f ^ f W t t t t t t ? S W ? I 8 ? o / i o ? 1 R t W W f ? t f W t ? W f f t w .a?wfai ?5T?tt tRt-tf%t fw?iw w t ^ wtfwtfc??
?tlRW t t t ?>Rc=l wtWR WR-W?.aTO <pRlt t r o affwWT? fWf?w ^t fw wtro I ^ ? w t ? fR w t ^ w t ? tft
5t?t W W mi?tftt WS.3?1t 8?i/.|Rt i o o o RtW R? ftTR? t t f t t t t t ? ftw at?t W R ? .a?? ^ - f f f t (g.) t?tt ^ 5 [ f ^
.ii^ fWT W f w f w t ? w t w t - i i ? fw5 c w b f t w t w t?rfww ?? i ^ w R t t ? f w t ? .a??
Rtt CWT I W R W f ? t f w t t W ?RTR tft
.ilt R t ? WIWR WftW W t r ^ t t t f ? f w f t t ? S W ? .il?? t % l
^ ^t1?tt? W^s;"^ tft W f W f w t C W f t f ? fC3R f w t ? TOt
ttt?? ^sitT WTW? tttJtt ? t W f t t t t tsfwt t ? 1 f%^ ilt t t f f f E ro -5? I i l t t t f t tW? t f % W t 3 f ? ?tWT
^5lf5t?t W f W f w t t W t t ? T ? t ^ W W f-H^WK W ? .il?? i l t t Wt^?5tt? f W R WSPtt ^5tt ? W trt?lflt 1 1 ^ 88o/io8br
t t w f ff'StW?
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W l ^ # t ?
m m r n n ^ mflf tpnm R R R R wnzRt w >iR^ Ai%A? ^\9\M<4f??ieAF I ôimmf wtn. wiAmm

îfsfirg? R^mn^ Smc mm mm? iR?t'mmrm ift mm-mmH ^^:stn ^m^^lflcr Rem nfmt Smt
1 5 1 %
cmtmn ?sc?n I mm?w R R %t stRte ^ R:sf ^-smm 4t5?ICAH I

m, R f t-a!?J^W Cflflm? W^,f|]??'=t mm (<S[i)N1- sr^tiit 8 ( i ) t m AMn, mm-tmm; 8t., 1 . ito8, n^mt
Sm 88o/5(^C&m io8V) I M% fmn ioAb- R ; (A) t m "wmfn^-mnn, wm-tmSfwtn,
wTn,<t>if stN " ^ t w F^stF ijgmmn mRtm mm mn i 'nirm (wFt-tmm, 8-^.-m Atf*f?rtn, % ito8) 1
^ 'snn-mRfn-m^ (g.) mn mt ^înm mtfRn-Smm "5AW?fA?in nAmn ^p'stf

Rmcn ^5imn S ^ m f ? ^ AF I mtmn tm^ mnn ^^m^mn ^srt^ ^ ( j . jî)m ^5#fn, mnm Stmtc?n
mf??5tlt nti?^ R R t c t n m R i Ritn t j g ^yin ^<if\^ 'Si^ cm? tA? I
Jgrnn
wiw^'Stifiist ^c ie mtn icn
t m
8<2-8/iotoA mm m Rsiif? mr Rm Am T J R -jpinmn nt%f (Rosette) mft cm mtemSt? ^wf^^s '^mm '^mnfm 1
t w i W i ftîiw ^ttmn ?=iill?"* mr?m i wm-tnft# n^2tin ^m^^-vsra w n ^ n t e n"=Rt ^^fmtem 1
8 A i mm ^fmm wn^tnmm mr^ nn^ftn ^stmn mnmft f ? 5 f 'siAtn len sftffn fmn n t e nf^s 'wtnf ar^srsRiA mn
tmjOT? mm nnRff nsrtn m*^ mm-'^prtnnn R n - f n i f i ' ^ "mRnn' (mm?) fmtet? ^ t ?fA?ieA 1 tSem%i
(S.) ? ^ t n n t ^ momm f R An i stin mn n s m m '*nwif >tf?gTsi?5tt msrwt? tt fnenct? 'mr m ^ I T C F ê?
n?j*tn wM-'îtm? i R s ^ g n t ? 5 <nmn mR?Tn Swc-t R R R^ ^m Retn^Tcn Seat 4f??icAF 1 m'^n tngn-fwft??
m w ^tc m * ^ nRmn ^^Rc mm An i R f cmmî? 'sim? (Eutychius) 5prf%m -gmRrtn R r o ? w m e n ^ t ? 'mr
f m r (mmt. ^mfnn ?mnn, n^tntm issss. ^. 11) nRo ât î?yi -^c catf?^ ?tRf? wt^ #c? mm? ^m
m m n T ? ^
n ? 3 5 i 'srSi^ R^cf ^c sfftnmn A ? cn, R R Rest îRtômcn

Scat ?mem 1 mm *t.?i?i?5 'ii?5f? ^ ^ 1 5 5
-JFiRf mmm?< R ^ Rem 1 wm - gwramnn nRs wt^ ??tc fnfStmem, A I mmn, ito8/ii iotoo mm tScmfn
4i^!Siic?? m*tm% Rnn tn^n-mnf'ttmn -smnmmn ^ t

'S tciH>i ,
j?i mt^ # ? wtspnt ?5c? liin^ mn n R m mfnmc?s
nsfetcmi wiA?t '^f?m. ntm mn 1 mm cnt mfmftensw fnrn

sr?t^ 8 ( i ) tn^-wtftn, R<^; (A) tn^-wfaf, wm- ( r I 'J>~) mn?5 irten fm?Fm<'S t f ^ ?c? cnemfmR 1
^mm^stin, I t . , i i , Ai, 00, 01, eto,tos>1A-0, iis>, iAv, c?Tmme?? wfntcF? nnnt mt^ # ? atRR m t^c? ?5T?t i 1
i-sto, iosi; (o) Rn" tn^-wtft, Rgwf^-ntmn (m#iR,

mrt^, iis>v mm tsrnsf cnt-mmtR Nelson cnf-nr^
tJlR^ i<2-oto), 13i8 2v, 47v, 78v; (8) AI^'i^flA^mm^^, mrns ?5e? lani A * ^Nt, iis>t>''mm ^ mftf n ^
A? I V nt5, ivio mm mt^ ^?[f?t ?nm w?\{tt ?se?
vstft-t t m , JA; (a) t?n,att5fT, 8t., 81A t ; (to) f n
^ - l a 1
fm?'^c ? 5 ? i ^ w f ? ? 5 t ? ' ^ t m cm im?cte?mîvoi

t t o n H , m^nTAl-'n'W C^jg-Jti^ '^'^ Mlrchonds
' m m m
mm mt^ # ? mm m f t % tmif'tfn? (Operation

Geschichte der Sultarjif^'^^s dem Geschlechte
base)-'^ ff?^ A? I m ? m^ # 3 wtAt^ cntfc?? >it?5f?
Bujeh mcsi S ^ s t 2t^tRs,.,n)^ iVo<2- 1 . 8e-<M); (1)
S'sn '^tn, fmtm cmmin Hn f ? 5 f 1nn? ^sfFrnf??
m-GSlF^t wif ? Al%n-1mt? (Ranking n ? ^ A History of
' S I ? ? ! Ctt5% 1^ I
the Minor Dynasties of Persia mm S ^ ? . t srmRo,
Amelineau->a? iit?it ' ^ 1 ^ ^5mm^ m?m Hn en, fR
iSiio (., 1 . iiV-Ao); (V) H. Bowen, The Last
('mn-nt^"ff? Rvo|?n-W11?l<>') Jacobite Synaxary-ia?
Buwayhlds, JRAS, 1929, 226 1.1
nem m\ #^-'5? mn cftf^t?tcm.i f ^ S'^ ate? mm? Seat
Harold Bowen (E.1.2)/Âl^ ^s^B^ m^
?fA?leA, mm fin Apa kyros-i9? ntcsi S s T i f ^ attfR 'mne?1?
^^sff^ ( j j > K .^1) 8 (m) mmt Rem ifit 1 it^ffSit I
Smtcsi R R i1?R I'siAinaffsmn^ntt'tRbR'sttmntnmt 1 Elienne combe 'memMf^m ^c m%fmff m^
^ R R cn wri^lR^ wM-wiAnt^ ncmât nrtme? t m n S t ^ f n A^T^'jeAfi nnrnt n t e f?^tf? wmm ?5Rntem mi
T f t ^^ Q m t A ' m n wm-A'iRn sr^t AtRne?m la^^n 1 *wt?n mt^-Q tScmfn tRgM?5en? m f < ar^tlt n f ^ c ? R 5
Roncmti cmn ^ 'ttmn R ^ ^te^ A l f A nR A ? n f t 1 <pRmem 1 ist a j r i . f n R ^ t ' m ' ^ ^ FWIU? Scat m-sm mn 1
^5imn m^ ^ ' n n ^ AiffA' ?fA?ieA 1 mtn, wTAntn wm tme f%f?t ^tmm snet? ^mncn n^nfa mtnieA 1 cnrn
'S<'i?'f t n ^ - n m n trjc^ lat A i f AH? m*^ (gnn) tflgtww? 1 n # [ ' S R t m f mg?>tn? s f i ^ ' 5 i f % 3 p n ^m?c ^ 3 5 1
tnmftfn'Scmn
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Contents
?b-
TO iitiw cttiw R f R f crst? f^ cwRttt wrar wsf? cw? J) % t f W S t W ? 'JfWT^ w f t

f ? w I tRt f w ^tc fffwtif ?iw? t i ? c? f%?tt set? lilWS WW^ I WRfWft-Tl?Tt-il? ?se?^ R ftSt? f W w?ft
t m e , W?T tt?, tww? w t tWSRR W?fo, W f f ? RtR CWJJ ?tc .iltWC? cwwt t T O t ^ f?tWe? W, WW
W^ I Wt-?5tWlWf-.a? f?^W W W ajct crot W f f ? - i l ? ;^c WRfwwt& R^ftw T j i t e w b ? ? ? 1 t f w j w R t ? w cwet
s t f ^ fwtf? f???t ?ft?rtc? I f%f? t ^ iiww? w5cw? ^w 'fts 21^' a}f?t, wtw t ^ WWC? W t l W ? f w ftet^ ?sw I
?'Rt?#?tc?? I f?>^ f i t crot .ii?5f5 wfc? ? ^ I set? f w W R - R t w .ilt WTt^sfB? w t e r o t mi w r - w r w ? t R t i
f%f f%f wff ?iw f t t f t ?s|?wf^ it??, St we? R f i t I cwe?w ? 5 i H tkHbllj^ w?'5^R^ ^5if5i4i m\ tRc<Itvs I ? w o w t t
fit' Wt?5 t e w (Mullet) f^^tW? ? W WCttswtfgW t t W (W)'3iR w f ? fct? cwe<i5? ro? .iitttett f i t ?fR?t
Wt I ilt t t ^ t,w wetwsftfgw? cw?5ew? ww t??we?? t s R s Wf I tt?lîi5? fiftft? W t f i t W t - W f ? I ??? (W)-.il?
iiWt WR ?ftw frofp ^ f w ?5e??sf5 ? ^ ? ^ t ? t tf?? tw?rt?e?? t w row wt?ttfTOs ftwtw? w?ct tw? t T O
I
wtw fit I .at R t ^ ^t3ct? t,wfws ^ t te?n:t ? w t R rot R??^t t w ?? ?tt?lt WWstS? .ilt W t I W f fJRttR ttttS? t R
tt I W f ft? w?f aw? t*IJ?f et^?t? .?# ttf f ? ?jttjt ?sRe W W wftf? ^ ^we? (w^', W f fs"?t?R) 1
tWet?e^ t t f ^ f5iilc? I WTffwt wttt w w w ^5tc W R - W ? ? T f (^.' 8 1 t - b - ) .ilt t tWift ?C Wft?fC?t W,
wet?5wifawwf c?tit1^ t?t? ??t?? ttft ^ w f l t i iVb-q t?nt .ilWW?^Tt??rf W f f W t R R f W cw? CW?5 W f f5?f?R
Wf f ? S t t t w ? ^ ? 5 R f t C?5W t?t? w?t? fte W?tev? s f t t t t f t W ? I t t w t w l ^ t R t W ^ W f ^5?t?R
<pf?wst'^?it wftee? 1 WR-W?tt^ WW f f ^ i l W 3 W R - W t W ? f ? (ii?ewf-ct?ef
t t f ' (^) t ? t W?ftt w w t (RWr. Torrey), % 80; T ^ ^ ) t t w ^siRft I
(?) W * ^ t ? f R f w f t s (Eutychlus), ? t . , b-i; ( o ) ?W ^ ? t tte^, ?fwt .ilt WW? ^5[R^ t f t w ? , wwft?
^.Wwltft,f5tT-, MIFAO, BB t., b-?; (8) Synaxaire, t w ? *?R w t I we?, 55fttfS ( f ? w (2-8 s i ) ?^s?f?
Patrologia orientalls, t . , 808; (<t) Amellneau, R T O WR^W? (R) W f fJRt?R W W C ^ t w tW?WR fICWt I
Geographle, 'J. B, (tHi), (tiri; (B) U. Monneret de b8/BB'0-8 t w tl?|v^n5? t t ? t t f ^ W t W t f ^ W W Ct^tttW
Villarb, in Bulletin de la societe de geographic t t c w f?f^ cttw ?fw tfwi wW'j? *R?R rot ?? I t w f c t
d'Egypte, i t . , 18, HB; (S) E. Combe, Alexandrie t t W S i ^ fRCTOt il?sfS f ^ CWW t i t , f ^ ?WW tw? C?t?
musulmane, in Bulletin de la societe de f w H t w t i W f f wif^1?fifttWf?W ( < ^ i j j ) iê^-o/ivoi
geographic d'Egypte, i e t . , 201, 238, 16J, 111-179, t e ? W f . ^ ? t ? t ttWe fW ?? il??. Snouck
269-292; (b-) Deherain, L'Egypte turque. Hist, de Hurgronje-il? R T O t?t? R f fwSte m f?WR W W W t f
la nation egyptienne, e t . , 275. 277. 281-285, 433, stftef? ^:5f%^ f i t (MekMj'^^ll, 285) I
440, 445, 518-519, ?W^ ii; 0>) Durand and Viel, afttit??fe?ww-^R#W?^r .
Les campagnes navales de Mohammd Aly i t . , a ( g ^ * ^ t z (E.L2)/f?tWTtWft?tR
8S, BIO, B(t, ?W?5, i o , ii, i, iii I ^srt^^^ml (i^ j j l ) g ' ^ e w ? (Theodore) W?W?-.ii?
ftRC?? wR?sf& ^tjt ttw? W R 8 W f ^ I ttiet? w;?i C t W t t ^ Melkite f ? R t I'^îf^ We?, W RTOt ^ ''J^t?
ftte?? t*ijien ft?w-.ii? t ^ w f t ^ wtWf-w?? (wfcw? Ctw 'w?f WW? '3^?tR sftwt tsfwtew, ^?i f ^ f t t 1
ww^)-ii? f^tT1t ( f f w t , ff?f) testeww I "W?? ff? W f . I80 '^%teR .ifCSW (Edessa) t t f e Wfit?t ?sc?? 1
ftw?tt *iit t t ^ ^ "^f^ ^îf wftfc^ R W f ^ ^^Rw W f . b-?o ^^\!7FI wt?t? f W Rte^s c?t? W?ti?Rtt I w f t f ^
ttewT I f?t?t1tet?, ^'i.tc?? R t t f r o Wf f ? wt?s w f f??Wfte ff? ftewe^ wfwtero John Cf. i8S9)-.ii? w ^ ? f t w
wtt? iiwa ^tw WWC? ?#ct t ^ ttft ?5W I t?l? 1? w wt? ?5e?t I R f cttTO twt? ftsftfet?'f?i? R^nfet? c t ^ WW
cw? 'i!^ R?sR? wstit ?^ ^tw w? I t?te W f R f|Rw (St. Saba) te^ "^mn ?sf?W w f w R wfW? t e ^ i i t
tte?s mi ti? tt?w w? ( W ^ , fwtt, ?t., ? i - ? ) I Wlfvi''l<)'<lf^ Wat ?W R8?t? f i t W I John-.il? Wf? W t f w
a t t R ^ i (i) Wiet and J Maspero, M a t e r i a t L x f C t ? W t?5R f S t t c t w t t w t f R t t R ^b'tlfirtw t e T O
pour servir a la geographe de I'Egypte, MIFAO, ^tw? ft?t? ? 5 f ? w t^pfro ftet, w?ie?j wtw? W t R w ^
O^bt., b8-B>B I f i t I fwf? f r o ctRw f t f ? , f ? 5 ' w ? f WW? t:?tft ? i ^
G Wiet (W. W. t.)/il. i R . liR. tt?ff? ??tlR ^fst ?st?? I f?5.f WtTO ?f5W R ? W f w WRW?Rt f?w?5fw I t?f?
t t w f ft'^CW?
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Contents
AOS.
^ t ^ t S c g t T CT, ,WT A t m H n i f t c w f t cntnsftfH wf??srft R e m I t A H t i w r S^ mRt? ?st? Rem i t m

'voiHl^cj >Q t ? ^ w t f ? ^lAte** i r A t % m ? # ? t C A H ,
m f - w g m t , [Followers of Mani. a native of R f ?r^^prA (i)-ia? i f m o 'trm? irwre? cmn R?e?iiT Rn?t
Ecbatana (215-276 A. D) who taught that ' r t ^ m ? ^ (m.m.t. i t . , I.) i
everjrthlng sprang from two chief principles, ar^filt 8 ( i ) wn;R?M, %^?H, s m t J. Hell Neue
light and darkness, o r good and evil-chambers] Hudalliten-Diwane, 11, Leipzig 1933; ( A ) wrRst,
Tit^, S i i B f f f -prnm w r m nm "^^m rnm-aSR, Biographical notes and verses iv, 267,
mm 4l5c^l I ^ s f n R s CT1^ WnjRt msntn, ^stAfC R R 351; (o) t m t ^ i ? ? i , R*?, 8 i i - i b - ; (8)'m^wrmn, A i m m
ifi 2 t R ^ i^RiCAK R:5R n^moms i n R (Fre3âg), 365, 370; [a) m t T t f A i , (2-8-lo; (to) t m
^RsltAF I m m n - ^ w?r RiRs 'snRf ^ t R ^ t ^ l!4tfH ATsfT?, t m t m nvA8(2-; (1) mt "mf, Rimm, ?Jt?em i o 8 i R ,
Patr. Gr. Xcvii, ^ Migne RtrR i ôlAtn i t . , 8ooo; (b-) ' w r m n t , m>smtpr-mmf, i t . , i o i , At., I A ;
' W R % 5 2tf^ I ^ S ^ Oeuvres arabes de Theodore ({) Nallino, Scritti, vi=Letteratura, 46 (French
Aboucara, eveque de Haran Sfr? <l"t^H'i>ttH n W translation 77). ,
(Constantine BachaJ I t t R s ^ t s T 'Zmi' ^^C Ch. Pellat (E.1.2)/ ^j^j^jpf t m t t n t t
aRtR^ ( ^ . R ) A t s i c A I l i i i ^ an:?? ws'^'^ ^ t ?
^rr^ t l f ^ ( j ^ u ^ 1 ) 8 R t ? t m t i R n 'mn-tmmf,
lIM? afrs#f?5m *i(.-n(.^'Si ^?<l>lt ?fA?ICA (5. Peeters,
A?/bn ""foe^ ct?Rc4? mi oTr/s>n foe^ attn Rc?^^ <^m^
i n Acta BoUandiana, 1930, 94 and H Beck, i n
tm^ w t t m m ^ f m , f m m r m ?Ttmm i R R ? ^ ^ tmn
Orlentalia C h r i s t i a n a analecta, 1937, 40-3) i
'Wt?^-'3?nAAt? (itob-Aob/lb8-bAo) ? R 5 W R - ^ ^ ^ m m af?
s r ? t ^ 8 ( i ) Michael Syrus, Chronlque, iii,
S t A t ? cfTsm? Scfet. mm? f c t mm\ m ^ m ? t m f
29-34; ( A ) C. Bacha i n Mach., 1903, 633-6; ( ) G.
m ? t ' m ^ m w i " "wrm tmmr'5A'->a?1m^mmR?R?5e?n i
Graf, Gesch d christl. arab Lit. ii 7-26; (8) i& m^.
^m ^ m ? t mtn-^'s^?im? >ii?# ?5R mtn-mt'Re? i i ? ^ t
Die arabischen Schriften des Theodor A b u
W R , mm t m f mtte!? stR ^SIAI? 'Î^ ?^ Rfrms i
Qurra, Paderbom 1910. His Part in the Muslim
mtî'iRe*)? ' w R - ' g m ? R t ' S ^ 1?Rsx-iii? mftms^tmf
controversy i s discussed i n A Palmieri, Die
af?, tm'm^ 'Sm?m g i l m ^m^^-'mftft 'mn-mn^"?-'^? msrc?
Polemik des Islam, 18 f.; (a) G. Guterbock Der
Islam im Licht der byzantinischen Polemik, i\5to-(2-b/i(2-8-i(2- (%) t?iR?ji-^ Rt^ m^qift Rm?s mm ^trm?
1912, 15 ff.; (to) 1. Kratschkovsky, in Rtrntt <p^<p ? R o wt^?ii t m P|\SA <P^P a f f ^ iti,PiRf m ?
Khristianskij Vostok, 1916, 301-9; (1) A . msrt Rw^ fin I ' m ^ - ^ i f m 'mn-?!??!^ ( b n / i 8 t fm^)
Guillaume, in the Centenary Suppl. to JRAS, t m f aiîsj^cA? c? ^mR?n atf^ ?sf??tem ^tAie's t'9iî::A?
1924, 233-44; (b-) C.H. Becker, Islamstudien. 1 Re?Hiir 'mi^ ?%ica i i^t a}^ msmw w ^ \ s
434 f . ; (h) W. Eichner, i n Isl,. 1936, 136 1.1 Smogorzewski 2J*rS ^ t j *l^?lSl ^ m ? , lilt afe?? m^
A. Jeifery (E.1.2)/ jppjpf t m l t n t t m # l R (Mzab Guerrara) m^ ^ I T F ? lil^ t m f f f C ^
^ f ^ t ^t^Trmf^ ( . i J L j u i . Jtilj^ ^1) 8 tm R ^ i 5 ? f 5 fin I m t n - m ? ? t f ? ^mfmmr frfHcm l i i ^

mttnajc??.Seat'mcAi
jcm) w m ^ I t R t%Ft m w '^ms (mym ^mm t m r s i a t ^ t ^ 8 ( i ) m m f , 'mi-fnm?, mm i o o i R , i . AAb;
TO f i w m mi c i t w t r o t t ? R H ^stc wT'f* m^mltaf? (A) m R f , 'mn-mmm, t m f at^ 'mnR?tei 2t?nf^

m t t R i9s)A<Mci ^^nt t R m n mm I w r t ^ F r 'tiAt? ^^mtA, i o A t o R , 1. i b 8 , i { V b , ( o ) A de Motylinski
I m T ' ( n ^ f t ) S A T c m S i c ? m? w n i ^ n f t ^ ^ t ? c? m ^ Bull corr, afr. 1885, 18, nos 12 and 14.
C?M W C ^ mtC i r ^ ^ ? C?Cf CiiltoltC'o I T R O , m\ R?HC?5 T. Lewicki ( E . 1 . 2 ) / R ? m S # R ' m A m
vsimcm w n j ^ TO ?RT A ? I wr^^^ng?, wFr-wi?iA, ^ fH^sTrR ( j i j j - i o (m) . a w T mmf

w F r - w t i ^ n m , w t f n - wti^Trm, "wtm l A t m , w r ^ flem I " m t n ^ a t A t m 'wtn? t?fnn-'mi'-ig?ATfcA^ttAt?Segt
gwtJT-^trm? >at m ciilcto? t R t '5i^'( 'j^ttctr? mm m? i ^ m f ^ 'mvo-ôNwif t m Tnm-i9? ^ ?"=fm
t m i f f?'5cm?
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Contents
W f ftfejff?r) ?8o
WW I 'wtfgt? t w ' W W ( W ) TOR, mm <if=isik (R)-ii? ar^t^t g ( i ) t w , w t w t ? W t - ' W W T W f , W t - t t T W , 8t.,

t w S RpSiSH w t w t s f w l f l t I TOtftoT? t*!! SRWJW i(tt), t?tTf b-io; ( ? ) Wfwsf W t f f ? W ? - ? ' t ? l f , wfwftf
(ililM ajêf ?5Rc?R I ? t f 3 W ^ ( R ) - ^ W t W t t - t T ? 1 W ? t . , ib-fe; (.a) t w W't, WW-vo|?|4T^9.1-f?W,
brt., ?<i.a 1
5}?ct t # w ? I ?rtffW? ( R ) f r o TO fSrmr RR
w I T O TO W f t " R T O ?R?n W R R 1 ' W W ^ t w 'WsR ( W ) f?I^ ttTO t f
TOR, W 5 s t ? WtTO R i w i t w t f oTtw rot I R R ttwlt Wrt^tJ-WlnW (JjM.r j _ , l ) g (W) W t - ' W W ( W R ) ?1?tC?5
w f k R^'=f f ^ TO f w T C*PplWH I Wsgt^.Wf^ftl? ( R ) WT?tW W f f W ? ? ? W ' 5 t , i i r o R t t ? t f fict? I w w f wt?t? W ? # ? .
t t T O 'St^Ct? W ? T O Wttttw R R TOfCT t t T O 5}?^ t # c t t I atet ^ W i f w - w ' f t feat ? ' ^ w w , W f f s t ? ( t ) if?sw? W R
? j t % ^ t f W?ew ctf^rm Wtett, " c w r o . wew- w w .(c?tw
W f 3 p t ? ( t ) WtTO TO^ W a f t t t s t Rett I t w i f R t WtTO wtJ
?R)" I w o g t ? c t t ? T R WfW? ttc?? wtewt c?tw Rc
m^ w f t cTOt t R t i^tt, t r o t i < f ^ R R TO t#cw
Wf^tet? I t?tew wfTOttTO?? W f .a'W?t i fwff feat W f f W ?
ntRett t t I w o s w WfîWT ( t ) W f t w ^ T O w t r o t w t
( t ) wt?ie?s W f f W ? ? t t e t t c ^ f w ^^twt w f t t ?R?tflct?,
R-ssitt tsRcsj R R W T O R , " c t t t r o w R R wwtc?5 twj
cttww fwR W f f W ? ? ?tet<3 t f ? f ^ W I
t W t C ? Ci?t ? # T O W ! 1t8tC=TO wft tffw^t-^t^tR r W^lStt a r t t # t S ( i ) t w ?TWt? W t - ' W W T W f , W t - t t T W , 8t.,
( t ) t f t c w , "tcwjc^ ^ t t w i t W 3 ? ôifwtft f|ct mi i i w i>(J-?-(ha, t?tTf b-b-br I
xgft t13! itWt TOT Wa? ^stfwtft l" f?I^ ttTO t f
a r t f ^ ' (i) t w Ttwt?, W t - t t W t , f t w i?b- R , W|T^ ^\3?f ( j j j ; s t f W f t - t w trttt t w
8vt., ie? I
Wt?t-?tTO W t - ? t t f , t T t w W t t ; f * F f f ? w f - . W ? W e ? ?
f^JRtttTOtf 1
2t?^, f ^ w t t t e w ( t T W ? ?8o/^Tit va-8) I
f i f w t (i^yL J-.I) s w t - w t t i f t (tt), mm W f W<3? t w t wfJp^',(?)-ii? ii?5 tW^ TO t?Te?5 ^
t i T t f t f i c t t I fwR t f t ( t ) ^tc T t f ? t'ftt tsR^TtCW I ?5f?e? il?? t e ? ? ? , ? T f ?ct> ^tR?r^ t f w e t aj?ct? wtte?
CWt m t t ^ fwR tft ( t ) - c ^ t t t c w fwtcw, "cwrtat w r o WR'^-? t w R t w t w T O W?t twR 2tWf?w ^twflcw I we?
TO <3 t W f t (5 .-.<) .awg t>R t t (WTO'S TO W T O W t t C ? ) I wft TO'?t?tfe?? f R ' s j f t t f fwR TO (g.)-.ii? ate?ft ? W t
W t T O W ? l i i t ^ ? T % ? wtfw Wt-^'#t? f l 3 J tf% wc?, fwR Wf^twcw I t ? ? f wet? # ? f w ? t t fw?t5w iitwfc? W t T t
T f t f R t w fWt ^tc mi fwR W f t i f w T t W t - w t t i f t (w) W W , W f w? t?tf'TO.2fe?rt f t R ^tc f ? 0 w . ' ^
^?tcw tftt t 5 ^ , fwR TOR, m t r R ^f?wt twtt<3ttw wR*^ Wtw? ar?t W W I w^sfwt wRe?5 wT?te^ wR'^
t s f k w t I iiw=ff W T O wr?i R f W f T O t f c f w f t t I i l t ^w TO w ? f t ?ttw t t i ?sRw^3 wewt I f ^ f ? t ? t j w i t w ? ! W
WffW? (t)-<R5 t w ^tct fwf^ wfwc^ t R w R , "ctt I t R ^ ?5W>8 wt^'^ t w T O T t c ^ ^tct<3 ctfte?51^ w??few
f t ^ W f W W W f W ^ C t t ? t ^ t c W*5<f%f SJWT^WfCW I ' V W f ftfft? t ^ ?it ( t ^ ) ? t t W TO ?w ?? w ^t?f fR c?w
1?et? t g t e ? ? ?Tf?c?w ?tt?f<3 tRtf=t flet? w i f w f ft?fe?
w ' ^ .at t e s t t#?nt:w I
i?f? t r o t f % f f % f W W 2tR?w wt?i? ?e?fewTi t t w t f w
a r ^ t ^ t g (i) t w wtwt?, W t - t t T W , f t w i?b- R , 8t.,
t w t W ? " W t t w ?TTOf (?)-.il? 2tR We?ft ?5W ?? I ftRs;^
i*?; (?) t?? 'W?ftt-?t??, w t - t t i f w ? ttTW-?
t w e W f w<3?-.ii? TB.t?tT?5 t w t t w t t f w w w f?tw
Wf*tTO, 8t., ia-?) I
ar^tftew (g.), f?er^ WW-WT?tf? t t t w W f R - f ^ T W (ed.
f^t^ttTO t f
Kern, Cairo 1 9 0 2 <3 Schacht, Leiden 1 9 3 3 ) - i l ? ^
^ f ( i ^ i ^ ^ 1 ) s (w) t w t t n m t?? wt?5 t e a t ^ ^tte? i 8 < / i o t wros^s, t r o t ? ?#?t. w c t f t w <3
wt-^fTO*^ 1 fw^tew fwR W f t T f w t w w t t t t w twtrt W T O t f t w f e ? , W f w ^ - i i ? T O W e ? ? c?*f f?5f w w f f i t i
t w t f W mm wwft 1 W f t T % w ? w t twi: twcwt ar^t^t g ( i ) R?R, i t . , ? i i , ? t . ; S.i; ( ? ) Wt-ttw"^
?tt?fC? I c r o 'Wtww il?? c r o ? % a ? f t W C W I W f t T # W W t - ? f f w f , w f t W f T O , .bt., .!}(j-t.; ( ) f f f t W T ? t ? s T f f
Ret? ' W W J W ? t w f "WR'W W t - ^ W t t - . i l ? s t f t W T t ? i WR*^, i t . , ??1 t . ; (8) t w ? T w m Wt-'WWTWf,
W t - t t ^ t w t T % W ? fCSf ?'f?t W f W C W g W f f W ^ ( t ) 'wt?ftfw- w f w t f ? , i t . , i i v t . ; ((J-) t ? f t t r o , W?t?tw, ? t . ,
it?5lt t # t ( j j . ^ ) W T O wc cwf^tw t f t c t t , t ? t fittt t # t tt?t S..a; (b) JuynboU, Handleiding, 3 6 9 , 3 7 1 .
'W^W? ft? t t T O tit? Wwtf^ I J. Schacht (E. 1.2)/ ^tff? t R
t t w f f?'e?st?
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'5n^m'nM'3tm-|flf (air) A8i wTi^mnmncm)
wtntn w m ? wr?r nttntrA, t ^ wtmms m t t Ate cnAtt

?i1lt)K (^)-m mm stRra Ttmf flem I tnm t n e m i m m m o i t f ^ meaj mme tmsfmn w n ? i n t R s ^ t n
w n 1 tAtn m j t ^^tt ftme?* cfTf5te ttn i P i t t ' s ^stm t % R
ifTo^rit^ wTn wen?5 i m r n s sftntcA i Smm wr^mntnt i f t m e ^ m ^ cm i cmnmm*r^m titmfR^meAf^f^fic4
SmtiRt f ^ nnfn^ -'Mm \ ftmn ntn ntf^n, ntfnn ntf^? tmsim?^ w n ^ m c i f i c tm I
Ai^ ' S B ^ nrnn tt^nt ntn i m^^'nt'wt ctteam -fmm Stettcg st?t#t s ( i ) t ? n Aiti? wtn-'î-H4 M i f , t m m , fnn? i o A b
^RfslAt w n I f%fn fnfmtn.mom? ft'nn'-ia mm t?cF i f t . S t . , ASi-oo, n;,tTt i i t o ; ( A ) wm-n"tmft, isfffn w i i v i i t i -
afinttT ^ ^ttAt? 'sim^ll^'t t t ^ ntn nr i n'iAi?i '2??i'5 m. t?. A t . , n i t r t i < t o ; ( o ) t m A"rm? w m -
nt^^ptA (n) n m ttnntn ^[cm atf^ siAf ?#ef|em 'sm 'Î>t4 M i f , l<P'il<l, 'mA?'^, ^??i m. t?. A t . , 8 o 8 ; (s) t m
1^ nt^^ptA (n)-'an nrntc? wttm w n i ffn nn? tnnm 'wt?fnn-nt??, w t n - t m f t ^ t n T m ? mfimn n % ? f ^ ) ,
slAt w n lan^ nft ^mftn (n)-'an nf^ ttnntn "ê^ wstatAt S t . , A b ; (a) t ? n m R , wt'5-'sim?sT^-<|5mt, 'J??; m.t?., i t . ,
w n I n t ^ ^ i ^ '(n) "^r^tr^ ttnmn-ian tifnte? w?.-f mm OASi; (to) t ? ^ - W t t l ? , S n ^ - t t m CA3tn i A l r t o f t . , i t . , AHto I
mm 1, ft. ^"ninfnnH nf%n nn? ntn'wT^n Rn"ntn-ia 'tft? vBSWt?^'
Hem 1 tnmn afmesn m m^âtA (n) î^te* 'tfmn ^âenn
t n ^ catnt w n i mB arebtm 'stmn ^^Tsn ente^ tnnm ^5n^tHiil1 ( J J A ^ ^1) s (m), t?n ^5Afnn t m "win?
w t n - ^ R T f wtn-'wtfnft, attn tnc?s tnmn ajAtn# mmft, n ^
stAt m?i I f ^ wi^ Antnnt (nt)-ian ic^.tnnm atAt ^^j^ntflem
mi nt^^[aiA i^ym t % w t n tn-s #f%vs flem i f i > ^ C H ? 5tf?^tt ?5^ msmt4mt? S ^ i f f ^ At?fienH i ?n? ^c^ fR
t e ^ tfn t^^t^ 'ofmn t t m w n >ini ^'wrfn^nt {inym n ^ I t t w iicn flem, t ^ n n ^ t ^mmt ^ n f n n ?nmnen
ttnntron attnmet tf%mn w n I ^tAin-s ssTAtn-s ne tfn cfnmm ?!em i wst? tR ^tfn^tt ^^f^ ^ m i îAie<f
ft. 'wtn^- ntfms t m ntnsntn-i^ ttnntnen tl^<Mt w n i nmn ntm m-sm A? ia??,#?t wnmcs's f % f c t t ^ tnnrst
itet ?tft A F mt 11^ ne'e nm w?,'ttAtmtt f l e m wr^
îiAin nf%wtÂTf^nfA?rteA,'nie*)JitTft'sinfm-ia
'SiiF'iin (m)-'ii? mm 'wt?pTA, wt^wtmtn (m) msn i
ntffwt t m ntftn-ian ^rog nff^ Alflf? tnetnmen Seatesttj i
Amntmm nm 'fmmten? nft^ nf%t3!. Rtf^r Atc^tln
A t f ^ ^teeA t wt^mrnt?!fliâ.sik(n)-iii?T R ^ wttm ^sfsm
(to/toAi ncn) t ^ cnt n m wr| wtnmn (m) 'îtmn^ wn?m
nf%em, " C A nt^^îiA (n) i wtfn wtAn-t f^mn-ân cîet nnnm
enttten Stf?; m i nfwt'a wieniMi? wtm? 9m -gmsn tft?5
'stAtcm tieat wtAts wtntn wtfn lii^^ f*t^te?ra cffctn
' tin I f t ^ ,t*)ifln c?, tnmn atAt ?5f?m C?SA n ^ "ê nfm?
cnt^s, 'itssrj^ ntnt "^^m ttf%; în>s ^"m-s atf*t^tatt'3
tntm ?st?en \SIAIC4 cfpms tne ^ c n . . . . i ?iiifiiA ( n ) wr^
mm, wHR ^m-s m att^tftn ^ff? mm i =5m^ tmem
isftnmnc^ tf^ tne mi ^nfmern nc^ n f n r n m-sm? wgnf
nem cmnf? Atmn 'mm winter nfmt tm" tJtfn i m^îmA (n)
tne ^5tAt? tfmw < i t nfnrn w ^ ? mm cn, âm^ nt% taj
S ^ m%em, "wtAn-t fssmn-ian ttat nr^t's wm cm ttat m^f?' A ? mt, T^m^ ^nfm te^ wt^ wtmtne?5 c^p?^ m tnen
mf%en cntsit c w i îAlei<ne^ wtmn ^tnen m i wm m m f w if^ t ^ ?sm At?ieA nm ntte? m i tme >tAi?n mtiRo ^stm
'mmem ttat mnmm ^ Sme wtmn ^%n i wr? att^tstt'S nt% '^Rc wfRm ?se? i 'sm ?ii=isiiA ( n ) wfsn mm? mR
^fem t ^ ^ tnf^mn mte tin; t ^ attr^tttn ffom t^m? mtmtntem mi mi stHWint^ ?PicnF, "'fRiM m?t ?s?,
e?snn #fn mfênt ^ nwA ^^fmt mto ttRen" (^mft,
wtiiA cmm? if%R t t ^^f?m tmm i" wti;^Ftnmem wrmten
Ctl-SSR, ^ 1n, At., I r A * , brAto) I mmfftt wft? R t c n i I
wt^ t'ifli wtn-ttmf, wt^Sntmt, wtt-ttnmft, wt^wtnrn-, n ^ îAi?tnjm ?# # ? n mm <t>Rcf|enF wt^nrsfR (m)
m * ^ t ? ^ "^mfm, igptnn t m gmnn, wt^1%mm, m^^n at^t men mmft, R R n ^ ^5te tntm ^^fmt cntR:^ mtm?
iR'r ^tiAin R ^ ^ e AlfAn=Rt?>e5n I S t ^ iii?s '^tm wn^tnatAt m?m i wti^'sttnmn (m)-nA W T ?
t m wimf^n ntA^gsf t m wtmstmn ^ tmRp t m ^spttnj Rs^ ^pstsp iiRi^ 151^ ^te tntm ^m?m wti; m^ftc?? (m)
^5te nRt mm, t ^ nem, 'wt^mmtm-n mm msjmf wmm ic^ RRpo ^ I ?tnf?? t i ^ tmtt n ^ ^mntem m f ^
wm cfff^ mt I arf^ messt tR Infsfennmen wtme?^ tne^ îcifnl RiR?i? ntmnt^ ?# i < i t ^ "gnRm n n f ? ^rnntem
'mîten mi f^fmt wtfnm tmstmn m A t e ^ i wtitA? 'Mevni wt3Fnt ^ ?sm i ^mnttt ntm ^tm nf%? ^ t?em
fiAme^^ 2ff^ "^tm 'sren f%mi tin 1 1 ^ nrm, sff^ nal? mtn mnrn tm 4f?e^ cntft mtra? ^ t ^
tnmft R'3e?5in
t.R.Vî
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Wf Wtf (Wf <t%)
' S R t l W o ftRsi ii=lfDw -sffro wtf%?tT t t w t f wft (t)- W t w R R Wstf? (Tmcial Coast of the Gulf) W??
t f t # - WWT? W ? i W t tfsfttt? W f Wttrnt (?T) t f t t t t t ^ Wf|w W?t-WtRW il?# ?tWI fit I t^tTR??fTR??
bftTlTWTRt I - ' . fftR t?WW? tf^w tWtftw ? ^ ^ 'stfttf .at? t?f United
t w 1?WTW t t w f f t f t i t t ttltf? t w % t t ilt? Wt?t? Arab Emirates-.il? W f ^ , W1?W?WT (i^b-o Wtwswf)
f f o i ? fertw? wtj ?tfffT? (t)-im R # ^sifWT? ?#?rt%tt i 8,8i,oo (Statesman Year Book 1983-84) 1 ilW?W?
Rft Ob- t,tt ? W T ' W f t i r o (tT)-il? f^ttlWoWTR WtttTt Rfrstw tristTWW ttw? RTt??5wi? f 5 f ^ w w t 1
tw?fW (iVôo ttTR) RI?ttT t l W ? t l-R^ t w W f WHttt wtw ?1?, R ^ ttf WR,(S.) ?s?5 iii8-ii1(t/- i14>i WW
(?T)-ii? WW 'wtfW? (w) WWW? fw; R f t WT I Wf w t w t t t f ^ ^twHt i wt? t ^ CWT3I? WTTTOT WR-Wf?W (g.)-il?
'^<<\) Q WW? ttf??T? t t ? ?5TR? il?s CtWW f?W? ^tf?TW W 5 J ^ f ? R W t W ftWR ?5l?W I WTWTR? ^ iltlW ^ t ?
wt^mt ?5pT I W f wTtwt (w) t w ? (w)-ii? ftw?5 ?nTR WW? ?tfro 2fWt WW W? W I t ? t t f 5 t t ^ ilWt
t l ^ 4 M ?sc^ I farfwiw? f c t w f t , RIW iift t?f< ^tf? stwf
afffit s (i) Wt-ftif, f%Wf'R-?i' Rt-fwww; (?) tf? (wt-w?!W) m\ ^ t w f ? f ^ I W i l ? , twoTf ^tcw
WR, W5-T?t?5"Tw, t ? ? 0 5 , ioWi^'JsV, ?t., % io8; (o) t?itf? wgRct? WR?Wf^ I iitiw CWS c?tt ctt-wc?? ww
t f ? ?TW? Wt-'Wt^TWf, tWTW, 1tR?, io?b- ft., 81., ^. w ? f ^ ?fws m^ ctTwtst? w:?, f?5^ t i f ? wet? R??W?
0 8 ; R?WT ?oo; (8) tf? 'W?ftR-W??, W t - t t f W ? , f w R ;
Wt-ttitt? Wf%T?, 8t., oo-o(f;((f) W?-l1?lf, W w f t i?os.-io/i is.(f wet? fte^ W f f-ww? cwc3f? wtfw t??
WtWtt-Wt?t?t, i^^, W. f?., ^t., i<tb, t?WT iVi?T f??Tt-il? ?TWT wt? t w t i f ?IR-il? C?Wf=ti t?I? Wr3?
il. ft. i R . f ^ W l t t f ? W ^ ?t?lR ?5f?tWt I tw? t? 'i?i8-i(f/ib-oo Wtt? ftt^
WWt-ii? <3W??tf t t t t ^ tw?? t t f w ?? rft5^ wT?tW W f
' W t ^ w f * ^ O * ^ jÔ s t w t w a f ? ( W ? f ? g . ) t w w
wtf? tf??tW Wt'QWftt WR-fW?f CW?5tt? t w
w?rft-ww f?T?f? RtW? w stfwR?, ?ft^ t??fWTR Rf? <3 W^3tt?
fTtfTfW-WW? f w ? ?5f?W R? I .atww stWRt^ W?

tRt RW ttt? W ? I tS?W trfW t?? RttlfW-il? "^tWf?
??T? t w (i^SV/ibô) ttf WR -SRt^^tf
WWa f??^ ^R)*1H ?sc?? i)?? 018/^b-8 RtW Î?IW ?n?TWW SfWtt?? W-SWt?.
WW ?lt I
f t w t ?5W? I WsSt? 01S./S.b-S. WW W?1ft-WW? tR?5tTR?
?? titR"TfR-w<3W w?tT;?5 frow? atlRT?^ t?? f?f^ ? S W ? I
W'ft-tT?w (g.)-.ii? fwcw Cff?W W^Rte?? t??f?tw
f?sf ob-v/s.s.v W W cww^ WW? ?wT? t ? ff? froww?

i?o(f/ivi. RtW fc5e?? ttwTct Wtfw . a f t w?t?t Rew
W ^ I i?<ti/iVO(t WW W f w t f Sttt.Wtfw R t f ^
W?Wf C#W? WW^ '5R?T t? il?? f??T? W?tR-WSW ?5C??
f-SW?!!? bl-^Rt* fTRR ?SW?, tft-S ^SlfW ?WR? W?T:'=f fwf?

fW f??R iR WRW ct? I (Maritime Truce) ilt f R
(Truce) i5tct ilt ^t3tR ^^Wt (Trucial) CW%' WW
'ol^lW R ^ W ^ WKt WS1T ? 5 W ? I 8oVioi<f WW io(f ?et?
tf?fbW ? ? (^. W?-? ttR?) I ib-^? RtW tWlft m^ [t?5
??W fwf? f^lTfTIt tfww ?? I w e , ^ WtWt-s W f f?T?I?-il?
C5}t ftS?t?5 W f Wlf?tt?f?tt?^5lf??t?SttR?5W I t?I?
WTjwt w t i t R flw? (% ?TW? t?? tw? ?t?f?) I
?5t W f W l f WTTW ^ ?TWT (Truical states)-ft? ?TT?
afffif s ( i ) t?ft-Wf? ( T o m b e r g R?) M . , ?b-1. 1
fCStt? ftWtWf? w f ? ?tWT ?ftW f?e?R5 -^t 1 i^dH/iholi
M. Th H o u t s m a (E.I.2 W. W. t.)/
W W W f wTf? w?t fc5te?s H(t ?tt?? WW ct tcwttt?
Wf W ^ f?t^ t? wf
fR?T 2ttR ?st?? I t?T? ?5W CtT^tft?tt cCttet^ (Trucial
W t ^ W f ' ^ W T W - ' f t l f R , (ujLiJI > ^ ^ 1 ) SW.
Coast). ftftct c?nwTf wm ilt ^ w w f ?? i .at
fftW?, f. S..!ii-îi; Wf'tfw -s cwrfffw I ttfw?5? Wwt?
CWWrfft t?t?5 CtO^lftWt C?t'Wf? il?s1t t?C?Tf 2fff? I
t f ^ CWJTfwfwt RWf st^t? WW WT:t?; ?sfw W?5WT
f?5^ ioiVit>(f? Wt tw'ct? t w ? W-sW tt? ?lt I t t f C t ?
(R?^#tW)-il^ WWTW f w t ? f?i? R - W f W R f r o r t ? tW?R
wjwf w t ^tt tt twc?? 'Ifwi? wTttTct? we RI^
?sc?? I
<lf?illC? 1
WlWff'SWst?
?I?t tf? ttfW (f. iîfy/ihob) O ?'SR? WfWTf W W
w r ^ W l f ( ^ ^ j_,l) s (afbftw W f ?tf)il?5JtR?g, ( ^ fictt) WTW? WRWtw fwf? W f w'Tfe?5 tRfct? ^ R R W
gtftW 5-80^^, t ^ ^5iW?R ;!.8 ;!.s>) i>s>qi> -^.-^m f%ct^ WWJ^ft? tt?T m^ W ^ W f ?)li*tj tf?W <PM'( I f^s.^ tttt^FCt
t t w f RstW?
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Contents
W f <sr# ( W f W f <sr# ( W f
WtTO .Hi ^ WsT%f W t - R l t w l .3 f f t t : (Dubay) fg.l ttw?wfc?, tM3? .?n, t ^ - w f t ^ t 8 ??, t ^ - f ? 8 (tn,
W f Wtft ^5[f?r^w? sfsv^ww.w;? I c?TOt wtTOt W f t w ^ - t t % t m \
t f c ^ TO R R g=w 5(w cwtw 1 W f , w i f t ? W T O Wf wtft? W t W f t?t .3 W I wtw. t w f t t t t W ws TO
R t t w w t TOf TOW f=TTO W ? - T O T O (iS>1i9 ^C) I ^tcw W t - t t ^ ( i o o ttfttttt? ?tc âo ttttfttt?) I f w t c t
t t f ^ W W wftîcwsw:?!. W f w i f t w t c t w 1- cw? C?tt ttw? w t w w i i 8 t ^ ?nC??Wtt ( 8 ^ ! s ffit
t r o w?s?wtcfg . a w ^ t t t f w I W f w t f t wtft w?, ctt%gt) t w t t e ttc? I wtfwft WCt? t w t w w bdWi
t r o t^ w t twtrtw (5.)-'^ f ^ w S w i w i ? tf^ WC??Ttt ( i V ttS Ctt%C2tW) I f w W C t ^ ' S t W?WW twtw
.at?, WW- wttwtt W W w t t r o I CttTOWt w ? il?? w t w w i t ^tc ? o tfeSt ctt^rw:? tc?T tMww
W t - t w t ^ ^ I T O C?t5 C?t& atrct t t f f l t - i l ? CttCrof i l t t w ? I wwtc w t w w SI? ?tc??wtc5 (oo R^ Ctf^CSJCS)
t t T O T W R I W t - f T O f t - i l ? <lc?l<l>fi5 ajltâ W t - f - W t l T " - . a ? c%:? 1 w stftt?f^ W f w i f ? -wwtcw w&w c?f i
W $ S 5 I Wft^rCW? 'St^.S ?5'|\s'|^ t T O f - TOtT t t f C W f w W C t ? t?TWtCt i R ? f w t C t ? WCW%5g^ .3 t ^ - t t % t f W
w w f t ftct t l f t t t - i l ? CtTWCt? t t t w ^\ki\\Ck I w t r o t f ^ ?tc ^w?tttf;^wwt ( j L u i ) wwwfcgt W f W i f ? t t ?
t c W t t , t e t f5*tW?: i f l t l t t . W t t?.5nT? WtJ W T O I ftct^ 1wWai?lttT5t I
tlwtmw w ? I w r g w t c f a w w c t f ^ ctTcajt tcsf W t W f w i f ? ? ^ WW W ? f I tlf^ W W WttCt? ^5[f?iW?.*lt
f-wttr-? f f R W%nc? ttws t t t t % (5.)-'^ ^ R t T w ttti^ i t WWC ^w TO I TOtT wf?tft? W W f w t f c w ? ^ t r o
t w tfe|trotct ^ t w ? ^ ttsttc? I f t w W?.WCWt, W?, tlt?5W? tw?- ttc wt W T f W
' G. Rentz (E. I. 2)/.a. .at. .at. t1?fp ? ^ T O ^ i ) s t 'sitfetifcw? t?wt c?f I c t w t j W f w i f e t 5 C ? # , t t f , t t f ,
t f .a ?twwt?t>a ?Ttt?5tc? ? I ? T W ? ? I W f wife ?t?tt? cttt
t?JtTWt
w?t?Wt? ttai ?(?% w t c w f t ? t f f ? ' s r f i r g t f w W t t w i
Wf?[ W t f t (,_j_Ji S 2 f ^ ^ W f , sftft, t ? f ^ W W
WWTtt? >>b7o Wt ' s r f w f f t t r o ( V o % w t f f il?? ib%
W f t t c r o . a f t w T O i J (United Arab Enirates tt UAE
f wt) I ? t f 8 % wet? te?T f S H ii??R5cw? w?tw c?f I
ttet tRfSw), W?ft TO (C?t5 WWC?) W t - t t t ? I ^ - ' W ? t t W T t
W f w f f ? C?iro ?Wftw f S t r o ? Apostolic
Wt-fWWttWt I WSpsftt fwWtW t t f w WtntT t t T O t w t w
vicariate of Arabia-.a? WWCt ttfwR Wl i aftwtttft?
t t w t t ttcwj? i i f t cwtt ttw w t ^ t - t f ^ t 4 f T O t t t t t f f n
W f W t f t C ^ Ttc ttsf W W t t f t ( c f w W W , t ? f ^ W W
îij3w TOtt w t n t T ??tlt w w w i ^tcwc? f t t t 'WWTO,
Wf?T, twt, ?nwt?, ?T^'?1?? ?1W?)'-ii? W f W t w
W * t - W f w , t f , W t ^ W W , W f f t - T O t t ilt? W t - f W T W t I
^,"00,000 W? ? s i f < # l ? s 't%t? (oi tCt^, ? o o i ) W?ettf? ? f ?
fCtH<l TO W f W t f t ? . a f t ( i ? 8 i / i V O ( t ) w t ilt
WTO-W5?t tRat?, t f ? f ^ t .3 f t r r w ?w wi i W f w t f ? tw
ilWWit 5tltt (Trucial) CWt TOt t f f R w ? t ? l f l = 1 i .at
.aTfsttW? ?5tttRw'fst? w t e t f f ? t ? t t f e w f i wwcw? ? f ?
CWtttW (C?plC?t) (UAe) Ctt5 W t w t v o , . i > o o f f
WTO-''5i^fWtw t t f ? ct^'ast iftlw WI I
t w t t t t t t t I it'StW tC?I . i > % 0 ( ? o t t f e t t l t f ? WtWCW W f
W f w i f ? w t f ? twtte twtr 2tet^ W [ W i s ? i
W t f TOFT sf^Jttfwwtct UAe-? Wfê, ^st^TOtT ?tW t t f CWCt?
Ctft^W?wc??.twt-F5ft?W? "Bttcw c ? f 1 f t frc TOtT
tre t f w , WW 's wcw i t 1?1t W f f f w cw?iwtt w t
t t t t T O TOtt tw? f t T T O cwttiwatfc? tTC?5 tt^^W

?tt?Tc? I t? tt?n? tcwt? ffe^ ?ft?te? .atsft w t WW
f ? l t t T CWttt?^^ t W W W f ?tCWJ?tC?T il?!|t t?tlC? *it?tf^ c&t?twtf wft I W f w t f wf?ie? ?tw?ff ii?t wet? ttwtft?
4f??ic? I t c s w , W f W i f UAE-? w ? f*rtt?f wcwcs? i t f t f e t w ? f t 5 , ?t?t t?f^ W W wf?fe? ?tw?ff i ?tw?ff
CttTOWt? I ^ W f w t f w f t j t cRs TOt f t fte^? ttt t?f^ ?iW
W f W i f ? t ^ Sflt ? b - o w t t ( 8 ( t o fwWtttt?) ?Ttf
?ft?IC? W?W t t w t ? I i t t t ^ t W t C t W W W?W ( 5 ~ . . . . ) W?t?Wt ( ? o o 8 ' ^ . ) 8 t?f^ W W WfWe? 0 ; 1 ( t t t R w
(t?tt^ W W W ) .a??, wt??ct5 W W (W? ? o o ) f t ?ttwc? I w?t?wt? te?T W f w i f wf?te? w?t?,wf i . 8 1 t f t w ( ? o o 8
W f w t f ? tf%ct -^y^, wt^ct cttfw-ww .a?? 'jr? t r o , I t W f 1 8 . 8 ? e w (WsWtet, .5.00i ^.) I W?t?.Wt?t?'^
2 f t ^ wwt" t r o TOtt I w w ^ s f t w r ? t w fwtc?5 w? 2 t t ?'t!wwtttte? = 1 8 w? 2 t t ?'ftitct ( ? o o 8 ^.) r
^ T O t t W w t wt^rrtct . a ? ? W f - w f w i - i i ? ttt t T O i i f t w?t?Wf? ftR?5 t t ^ e f g w?wew*t f?, ttffiW? Sftw
wtf< f w w ? f t ? t ] : ? I W f w t f ? ctt:ttR?5TOtt? 8 wft? ^te wt ffewf 8 0 - % ; W W ^(t % w t , ?tW? te?T t?.fsi
t t w f twicW?
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A88
w t m wfm ?fAf5 wi?? (fiftfpr R # t t ) wis? m wtmn sc ttc?s I itooo{. t w t ^ f w t t lant^nf^co

Wlttme? wimtt i A % ; t m f i l % ; W R I ia%i ^lUf^M mAtmn stmn mms met i w^stn ttjs'sfcm wttm nr? i
b-%, tSmt%i -gniS^ wtwlwtmt <t7o I mmm fftn i b t t m % . n*nmt ^?tc Stmtftn w ^ ^stmcm.
cnttf^ sfcmt ^f^c's mc?s i
?iTlnR f m r w ^ m sn^ iSFRâtll Jlr% "smii 2fR iat n m Stmtftn ^ t ^ gtt? 'n^1*f nyjjbiSt cttik
t t ^ Sm nr? i Smcm m^ tin ^nttnn, mmcm nst*tntt
A.to8 I liitn tttsmA m'n wtn-ttnm ttmmlnc^cA I wtn fnn ctt3#
iitn wtîsrtft >sg?ttc?inttnnmcsRcnttSt5o nRntcA I
51^11 wt^t, tRsf wmt, s^tm ttR, titi, wttnc nt^ntn cttcajs cntc^smwtîsttftwtftntcsn^^tos
tmft, cAttSn, ntmTAn, wtfsR n*iT?t, '^tm n t n , 9m, m?j, wnt? wtn-t^nR (win-1n"sm) ntn^ n^ratcn nnmn i ât
'jA^tîtfg I nit^Frf 3ntf^ I cttcam w^'R ^ ^^FtntA" ntn^ Stcttftnm i s - i i i e / i i t o i
^f%fsn^ 8 m^ wt<tAf?rra ?n?et wtfistTftt tf^tiwt men St^nntf ât f c t wt%mm wtf isfift tA?!?
(RtT sBf I t%i w ^ cmmtiis nrntrm mm mmm w , ntm i^tH n?.^ w t m wtfmen m^mf ttmen tfstw i
tmrm mm cmm cm i wtjinslnc wtmnn^ '^nnft m^ mn ctteam ? ; t m t t ât tAst^n ttmrns^st ttmen
mn A? I lamcn S,mtm5 mm*tcmn ncm tn, min csftmn fnemtsf wtem i âtien ^ t n t i % wm nmn m-smn mmm
ScstcmtT I rni^^lftos W C H ^ *)ncm n>n ^fcî mmn ncm ininf iit(? '^^^tcf wT^îft tACS''otAtcfT? nm n^p? ?tm W R I
n?relcm wtn tntjfo i rn^mn cttesra cntt^ ^ I A I C H ? i&t%mt^ cm^ #mmmn
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W f w i f ( W f *1tf) ?8(? W f W i f ( W f <tf)
^5rf%R T?t I ib-(?0 fC.l3w<l tOTTttW W f Wtft fb^^lf Wat WT?RT ctCR t p t ? w i f WI I t ? R ? ^ W t ^ iJ.i>.i> ' J .
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t t w f f?^St?t?
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Contents
?8.b W f W T % (Wf sflf)
wt?Rt wft^R? roil W R I ? i ?e?T? t w g ? W l R tl^nS;^ w f t t c ? ? f w c w ftwtlww t?ci#w t f w ? t f t f t f ? w R l t l w

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WI^^NFT (WI^ ?!%)
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W f w i f (Wf ?1%) ?8b- WfWTfl(Wf#)
? # ? c t t w t I iifft? W W ?,t??rrf R^ w?,^fw-^5ifttt??

i . W f wtft ft^ ttf=twi C ^ , wtT I wt?iw? ?w ?? I wt^ntwTO tt?i ?t?wt? ( R f - R t t f f^Hftro
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t t w f ft'SltW?
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Contents
wr|W#(Wl^)tf)
Gouncil of Rulers)-!^ St? it?t^ ^mm Wttmt ?RT m i

nTffeJ W n I gifi ?ftSRrcm cmn f5rat^ atAct? c w i mt^ wtft ^?t?RA
mRn R t t m ^ s n\ wtft fci? if%n Rn^s t^H^PB W H J N ? R T C ^ % R R m R H mgnim mt?m?5 r-glR ^mSjRn tm?
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? t f i S R s s R St-?^tR fmtbF w I ? ^ t f ciitt? sf?tmlt
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W f W t % ( W f *ft%)
t R mro h,ooo f 5 ( ? i ( t o tR&Ri) f i t w m ciifittwrR tJt^Ri c t ^ s W f w t f t%t%^ t ? f ^ w ? ? '

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RfTOt ? o R i t t R R W ^ T O R t R i T W wpfn TOifkf W t w ftC?5 I wf?tc? ^<t?f^ t w w t , f t J ttfftt ? w ,
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ftff? fttt tWTR? .>!>% t f I t ? f ^ W ? ? W f ? t C ? cttet? ?? I ^ ?twt?ft? fftw? TO trsitw??51 ? o o o ^. etc?
CfcttftTO fTff?5 fttt f R C t ? ^fWt?.Rt W f W t f t w W f wtft? fiw tiwie? ooft c w f i f w t t W f ^ f i t I .tîct? f t j .
TOtt I fffeftf? cf?te?? t i f r t f i t o . i fttt??, t t r o ctfs f t w f i t
W f Wtft? tit f^ci? f w t s ? ^ ftc^tw?? t?f?f I ?t?tt i O . b - f?tt?? ft??|t I
TOTO ^ ? T ? t f% i i t t r o ilt'sft c?5ff I iiftc? t t g t c t f t J f t t f f f t t f ? g ( i ) W f w t f t i i R t p t t f j e ? t cw?
t,ftt? t i t f ? t c ? j ? f t ? t c ? ? f f s cf?^tftTO t r t t , ff%ctt (Adnic); (?) W t - W ? ? W<5ft?t t f i e ? t CW? il?? ( ) tf???
. ^ t t t f ct .a?? c w t ^ t t t f I W f w i f e f t f ^ c f i S t f t t t t t f j e ? t cwî
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?J??tC?? ttlTCt W f W l f ? f ? 5 , f % R ' 5 t f t t t f t t t C ? f ? ? I i i f t f t f w W 5 f ^ attf w ? I

W f w t f i l f t f T O t t t C t f I W f w t f t p t W i s R t (Abu W f ? t e ? Ît?f^ t?we?? w f ftttc? f t W 5 f ^
Dhabi Fund for Development ADFD)-^!? t t ? i r t ? t t fffl ?? I t ? i t r o i t ? ? s i f w ? - ? T ? f?e?^t ?#e?,
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?5Ct CCt? f t j ff%ft^ ? ? I t?l? CffW ? o o ? '^f. ? o o O 1^, wtt I
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^?^ft?ttT i f w l t ^ t ^ rot ^ 1 TOpfw WfNs W > l f ? '*li( tCSR f t t w I f?f^ f ^ - ^ t
t t t i f R'Scw?
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A<fi wi^wTft(wr|*ftf)
CSS\ S,*[Ttrl?ra CSL9?US 1?.^ 'srm 'Mlf ^llCi)? mfms mesi? t m=tg 8 tmfw t S?, ev5f, mtn, 5?^ 1 See? cttt^,
rniira c<rf lans. tm? nnr wvbiwn mcsfcs?fin?R n -at i ttf? cttt^. mten? ettt, 5?^? ettfs, ett-g, Se5? g?,
g?, mten? g?, 5?% tTifg I :
9m RnSOT? ^ ??i? ??T?T A? I i A ?.n? ??T?T Rt?f S GDP-e 9mii m?t (?(?%, fêm^t^
msjfn^ ^ A? ?.i? OTff met Sm mi? ^ .ii<i)lR RttM-G, liigRRmn, ttmfitfasmiwt,ct^-îmsR^jj^jiR 1
? ^ i ? ^ A ? i iS)!to w t RhjH? tm?ra?f Rtw?nwi S,ttfmo tfnwg?jif% en,fittfR?stitn, mn?^?, fwtmn, me?n,
sfttin?s mmfn^ R^TJHC? m^f' m^J-Atllw? m? %r v<f% fnmfm^ Rtcw ?J?A^ mt? tTtfn 1 ^ t n t f ?T?m? (fêntmn,
[m ^<t%, mt 1 ^ . mttftt) is>!i f?iaJ,?j?Ai? (mttRfD io,to8o .Rsem^m?, mR?^
i!!to i?flit ??i 'fm? i i % Rcm?-iwnft m*uR^ f m ttfn ?j?Ai? (mttf^) vir8 ?n I cm? wmi?,tTT?
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jo% met niv^ I s i f f ttmmnSt, c?mc?w, ftf?? i g ? ^ tv)i<>, mmnfn^me?
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^tc If? Rt^t? m?m Rf^ atAct? ?j??t m\ A ? i Smtj (R, nc?j i(?8 wcF? I
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'mft?f5f%tAR I . m^ft?s I f^t^cm 'mnf mmft^ tfarm, atm? n^tjt i,8(2-,vooo 1
ffn m?At? 8 mtmwcmtj ffn %, 'stmmf m^ffn ; i % ; (1) mi?-1??tm mt-tt^sR (#m ^ ) , m?t?t 'mstcA^ f?ne?
f R j g m ^ (2%, GDP-c f R ? w?.t A % ; S^ttfm w n f n mt?f m^tft^ I ( V ) mt?? mtf?f5 ir??.'m^wtf m^Ff?^
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1tm?>, ^n'*!^, tm, m?^, "^^vfst t'oitR i MF'^ 1 (S) U A E P r e s s S e r v i c e D a l l y N e w s . t s . T 3 #
tnntf fn'Se^
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Contents
WfW#C^*#) ?<^? W f WT% Îtf *(tf)
CW?, iSftfeSs % t t f f o ?? I t w t t ? w .a?? w f w w WCW W ^ t t

?o,ooo 1 ( i i ) T O f t W W R - t t f w ( t l R t t W s t (?nw), tt?3t ?sc?, t e , W t t Witw ooo C t W ? ^ tfffe, f R f f ? , ^b
W?ft tt^tR^ ff3iW, tTO Rt.tJT io,ooo I t t f t w W t t t f t R ffwfwt;(.b) W t - W ^ W ? W T O CW?; (1)
Wf wr% Rctiwj^ s ( i ) w f w R t w .aewR w f ? i CMS w ^ CW?, ifefefe % trtf ^ ; (b-) ^ W ? - T O
(WAM); (?) R?3^ W W W f a t CsPT t t l S H W T O CW?; (?) W t - W W f5>tSt?'St? CWg, iJjfefe t l ^ ,
W f W t % w row fetff R?fm f J M l t f ? g ( i ) Agenzia f t R t?ê, t???t?'^Rc? stTC?s I
Nationale Stampa Associata (ANSA) ( t W f ) ; (?) Wtww g W f W t f WW t ? f ^ W W Wf?tcw tw?5 c?tttC?tt
f J C W R t s f .XRwR (KUNA); (o) w t l ^ (f^TOiJ) i t ^ ?tc\oc? I W f w t f f T O . . a f t f ^ ? 1m
f t W ? f f f TOt t ? f ^ r ? 1 ^ U A E t ^ t r o f W C ^ W t
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R r o f r o f i m ? i (?) w t f r o w R w ^ f tcsf i w t f W t - ' W W tWWS^ I ifefeb- % W f w i f C4 t ? T W f W f
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ctPic^tftCTtt roftwf? (tFoilil\s) t f f w i t t f t w f t ? t e w fWtttttt? t t ? f t iofe fwWfttt? f TO tw?5 f ^ I
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t ? t ? ^ f ^ l * i T a ^ t T R ? t j f t t ^f??)lt? I (o) rotf^tttR I t ^ ? ^ ?5f^ ifei? 1^. t l f ^ ?? I t?t t ^ W i ? ?tw-.a?
t s w i t W t T O .a^ i R R f w ? s 7 T ^ f a r o c ^ , t?t ^ ' s sfWtc?? wf?c^ f?c?ifww w c ? I -
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W % t w cSRiRf? W f wtft (UAE TV) I W ^ WU, t C T O S H , ?ft t t t t t ?TO ?f??lC? I iJftJj'b % O.O f t t t w W f W f W t f ?
R ? f f w , R ? T O ii?i TOfftiw R f W ^sifiWw w a r o f w t f?TO t r o t f ^ ?j?tt? ?scw I W f w t f ? c?tttR^ ftwt'5Wbt
ttW I . <f'f* C?WtR^ f?TO 5W5Ct? W R ^ fWRtft? W ^ T O f w t
Wf W t %t ^ s t f w f t t f ? g ( i ) W f wtft t ^ R < WC?s I Wf?tW .aw? t t f t ihHb f t f ^ ?? I W W t r o TO
rofTRR; ( ? ) W f wtft t p ? w?R5t (ADFD); ( ) W f Wtft f?t W f w t f .aTO w f w c t t I f f f ^ t t t t ftttc?? tf? wt?#i?,
R t o f ? s w f ^ (ADIA); ( 8 ) W f W t f t t?t?TRff CWg (ADIC); w R f t ? , ?lt?R ct?ttw .a?if?TO w t b t ?i?tt? f c ? t w f ? t?W?
(<?) W f W t f t f t w s w t frott; (b) f TOt 1% ro%?t? (FlC); TOTC?? W ? f ? ?T?tf f ? t ^^Rtt ftC?5 I iJ<?o 1^. flRSF i l T O
(1) w^wttw^ cfiStttTO tfttcmt wtg ( i p i c ) I croaf f f w t l w ? ? ! ifei8 '^.^tcwffwtitltwf w t f , w ? ? t w
(?) W f wtft w t f ? c w t CWg ( A D N O C ) I ?i|t? .at t r o t??src?? c f f wttwwfc? f R m f t w ?tcc? i f f w i t t t t
CWWtft ic1i stRRw I t ? l ? f t w %(too t t t t w wft?tw R ^ f f?TO 5ttW ^^fwt tlC^ I
t t ? ? l t I t?r? ^?tc? w c ? ^ t ^ t t R c t t w t T O , ? t ? T O t J t t f ? ^ f% 8 t t t ? , g i t , w r f f , w?w, t r o , f t t ^ w t , ? i f ^ ,
^ t c t ^ stt^ t J t t t i t t f t f 1??t c?5?t?s . a ? 5 f t t ? t c i t t w f>*fllWJ, f W @ WTWJ C t f ^CW i}i.Jb-, iS>JJ ?ooo if.
f t ^ I w e t ? CTOWfttt CtCt it?lt?CtCt'2t ftC5I? t?5t fttTR t f t ^ R t ? , J i . { ! . o w t , ,OJi.?,.bi8 W? 0,}-o.b,<?8<? W?
t?Rc?tt?]?TO W R 2 t ? t ^^R?t ttC?s I . f ? t ^ W f w t f WW t?,f55 W W W f t w w ; g t t ?scw i .atwc?
ttR.'S t ? ^ e , t?t??l?Mf1 f f i ^ H t f ? g C ? ^ ? l l ] ih.Jjb-'^. m f t t c r o t?Wt apWtWWtC? W f ^ bfîllC? I f w f ?e,t?tfC??
t ? W f W C t f ? C t C?t?<Ftft?s?T:t? s t f t w t t t t T R .at ftwc?s ff?t?Wtt t w 'f?Ct t?t W? f '5tC? I
f T f ^ - t J l t rot ?t?Jlc? I .at f t c w ? t c s f c t t t r f t w f ? t t ? tc?i W f wtft? National Corporation for Tourism
?f??ilc? g . and Hotels (NCTH) f<t? Ptc?T? R W f W?c? t c s f c t t t J
(i) W f w t f f t R tfffe, <p^*t^ ( A D W E A ) , ifeS-i!. % f f t w Wf^lWT? I f f w t t t f t c w W f W t f t??fCW ?o% W t
ttt^ WT; (?) W f w t f R>l5i?tR cW?, icti>c t i f f s ??t I t ? t t t W t w t ?t?ftT:? t .atwc? f ^ W f wtfcw .a?sftffwflwftcii?
fTR f ? f r e , t ? w ? t ?stwt ttc^; (o) W f w t f f t R f f f t e , c W l t f w WW tsfwtc? I wf?tc? t ^ t wfcw? R f t t??, f t w t w ,
(ADWEC); ( 8 ) TOretTO fT>8TO CW?; (<t) W t - t t w t W T O W f f % ^ c f f < , f r w w j tic?? cwcs^t, cwftctif t c ^ f R
t t w f R'Scw?
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Contents
wp$wif (wt^tnf)
History Group), 4.1:9-12, 1994; (1) Hellyer, p.

fm 1m qilvaolt oPiiilc^ i Islands Sutvey Tribulus (Journal of the
m^ Rmtt? tRmn RntliBR (Philateli) 8 W^ Emirates Natural History Group), 2.2: 37, 1992;
Imsttt? tRAl*iW R n met W t n % 5 ITiSI I IPra (br) Heller, p.. U A E - a N e w Frontier in
Rf%^ (it tt1% ^jm^ mfn w m wifmr? Archaeology. Arts and the lislamic World
m^fiitmi js><?s>wt^wt%mnlt7:t?s^^sc?i^TtnstR (Special Issue : Architecture, Archaeology and
wm m^ cnm simmn mn?t w t A ? I R ^l?t ^m^t^t^cs? S m the Arts in the United Arab Emirates), 23 :
"ntAîm" ^3t#t^ w liit cmtfiimmnmn?t w t ^ i wtptf 41-45. Islamic Arts, London 1993; (s.) Hellyer,
f. Ifmtn fiSRciJti S m mt^ wff -9mnft% w * ^ p.. Filling in the Blanks Recent Archaeological
wt^wt% ai5m w t An I Discoveries in Abu Dhabi. Motivate Dubai, for
is.too î?f n;R>ci5? S m "NP" m RUPEFS" the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, ADNOC.
mnmi^w^^sim wi^wtfcsat^m w t AS i i fen^, itsô 1998a; ( i o ) Hellyer, p., Hidden Riches An
Atc i ftocny?, i2toto f. mrs ntA'mnm fnfs' Archaeological Introduction to the United Arab
c m ^ ^mtnt^csn Imact mt^ wt%5 n i n ^ m^ lURlSnÂ Emirates. Union National Bank A b u Dhabi,
nmA^ An i oo mi^, itsô ^. mt^wtfn attn m<Fm ^^fm w t 1999; ( i i ) Hellyer, p. and M. Beech, Protected
AS I wt^wtfn Ôjmfnrnn^mnt mti m^1?n Swt^R w m i Areas and Cultural Heritage : An Abu Dhabi
^ "Value Only" ntntR' m^ f5R&Rr wt^^ wt% Case Study. Research and Management Options
<i<iAi? m AS "ans. ^ci<p ^fsn Ristitci*! m^ 1?R^ '^pctn Snimt for Protected Areas Proceedings of the First
cF^sm A S I W58m mt^wtft Snitn C B I mn ftctn ntcsi t*|if^ International W o r k s h o p on Arid Zone
m?5l?t^1i( iA'Nclw?, iJsii ^. tnsnjnAÂS i Environment (January 2000). Environmental
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I t m ^ w t AS I mtncn wt^ wtfc^ ito *)ncm m^f?RB Kallwelt and p. Hellyer, New archeological
<ij?AW ?Rt AS I m f n stmm wtnn wtgstf i<toi ^. w A S i investigations at A b u Dhabi Airport, United
liit nnn wt^wtf atmncm mtm^m? stAt mcs I Arab Emirates. Proceedings of the Seminar for
A fm?m, is>ii ntf^ wtm wtfnfs (UAE) Amn Arabian Studies 34 :1-15, 2004; ( i ) CIA, World
m i wtt%, is>iA UAE m^ atmm tAtn wtfmcn F&ct Book, "United Arab Elmlrates", United
m?5cmt Imatmn siAt w i csFstcm t tR Amn tn wt^ States National Foreign Assessment Center
wtf b- Rcn^ t ^ attn ^t^TSRiS atsnt -nscs i 1997. 511-513; (i8) Gina L. Crocettl, Culture
Shock! United Arab Emirates, http://www.
st.-?t#t 8 ( i ) John Daniels, A b u Dhabi a
portrait, n ^ iS18 (A) A b u Dhabi w w the hejleh. com, 31 January, 2005; (iff) Abu Dhabi
Ch'amber of Commerce and Industry
website World History com 2004; ( ) Abu Dhabi,
(http//www. adcci-uae. com), 25 November,
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2005; (ito) A b u Dhabi National Oil Comparjy
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Emirates http: //AVWW E I A . DOE. GOV. 30 New York 2003, ?t., 8?.s-8?8S; WRWD t i S ?
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Analysis Brief); (?o) Sean Foley, The U A E : ?oo*; (vsv) IMF. U A E - Selected Issues and
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Emirates 1996-42; (??) Richard Schofield,
RT^ FILL^l ( t J _. ^ 1 ) % (w) t t f t - w K T i ^ t t t
"Borders and territoriality- in the Gulf and the
wfw w t - w t t i f t w t - w m t f , wRs t t f t tmt^ (w)-'ira
Arabian Peninsula during the twentieth
W W I R R Rgf?twt f w WM^'F w ? t I f w ? w w f ?w
Century". In Territorial Foundations of the Gulf
t w w f t w c s t W W I R R w ? r f t ? t f ? 1?>sww5. W%w:?t i
States. New York 1994; ( ? ) United Arab
twt f w fwt-wttft-fjmt ant Ttf? t*iw f ? w w t i
Emirates : Youthful Trend in UAE Parliament,
wt-TiRt fw? ?Rs w t f ^ w R<iwitT ? R w t w
Al-Wasat (Arabic), Lxmdon 22 December, 1997;
^^Ritw? I f t f3j W T f t , W f - W w f , ?5itt t?? w f wR?,
(?8) Richard Scott, Gulf Navies look Further
R t t t ? ? ' W W >s ' w R ? W f - w f f w ? twt ?Tf?
offshore, Jane's Navy International, 1 March,
1?>SWWW ^^1??1W? I "mt. CWt?T i l W 'ssiwws t=it W W WR<3
1997; (?*) Winiam Rugh, Foreign Policy of the
W " ( w L k J V L i V > j L i i V j ) [8s s i i ] w w f t f w w ? ( W f
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WWW) t w w wttt ?t?ic? ? t t w f w R ^<?t <pt??rn:?? i
vol. 50, Winter 1996; (\b) Anthony Cordsman,
f W ? ?t?1t ?5f?t? I
US Forces in the Middle East, New York 1997,
a r t f ^ 0>) t?? T M ? , tWT?f, t t w i ? b - R, 8f., i ,
76-77; ( ? 1 ) Abdullah Al-Shayejl, Dangerous
t?Wt ib-br; ( ? ) W ? - ? 1 ? t f , W w f t W t W t t - f K t W , '2??! W .
Perceptions : Gulf Views of the U S Role In the
R, ? t . i<t8, t?.Wf i l S ? ; ( ) t ? ? ? t f ? , w w f ? , t t w W .
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R, St., Ai? I
3-4; (?b-) Amin Badr El-Din, The Offsets program
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in the United Arab Emirates, Middle East
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Cordesman, Bahrain, Oman and the UAE, (?1) ilTOi? t w f I f ? t ? ^ Wf??t 'fft1<^t?W1M^ ? t f ? t ? ' ? t ? 1 W
Washington DC 1997. 353-61; (oo) United Arab ^t?wt?? 8 t f tfft (1^) ^ r t t 8 w t - f ?w?-i!? tror w f t
Emirates Report on Human Rights, http : //www t w I W t ? t t R n ? ? l t f t ? ? M f ? t f e W W ? t??Tt f f t ? t ? 1 f f W ?
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W . R, ? f . , i * 8 , t l W t ilb-b- 1
George Rentz, A b u Dhabi, in the
.a. t t . .at. f ? w ? t f ?
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Britannica, vol. 1, Chicago 1987, 45; United t ? f t - W t t W T f t W W W S W ^[^f?vo-5tT tw? ftWt fWt?M
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Chicago 2002; (ob) The United Arab Emirates, in w f ? ^f*iif w <3 t w t f ( t ) f l w ? f t ? t t t w 1 tw?
The Europa World Year Book 2003, London and ^5rf%wtOT? t t t j c t f i t t , H f ( t ) - . a ? w w s t ctra f a p i c t
t t w f fttlcw?
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fwf? Rw f r t ?sRw f f ? w t R t - i i ? f l fi?i w*3ct fc?f f Ift *ii-ww? fjg w^ftct?. cf? W t w f f t t ^ wftct?
row I f t ^ ^ ?ltifH?j|<) ? s ^ f w .ilt ^ K t f w f rot? f W t WWflf wf?tc? w t t t tcS I . i t tt5t W S f ? f? t f ^ f ? P
f w ? t? . i t W W fit, ff? W W W f w ? fPoW f f s w ? ^ ft^ tc5; f f s f ttf?I W t C t ? -^jt^C W t w f f t tw? ???tt
f f ^ - . i i RwfW w ? w t I 9m. Cf? f # f f ? wtRct? fC?<3 f??fW ?sf?C W W I
t?if f W3WI? f t w t w rot? ftw^ at?ct row ii?s! WW ^^c f t ^ i t ? M. Canard, Histoire de la dynastie des
t f 3 F f t t - i ) ? f f w t f w ?lHW?tlt? f w a l f C'PWIWtt Hamdanides de Djazira et de syrie, i f . , W f w W t
(Skleros)-i)? f t t ? . W t f f f f ? C5f ?scw i cfttlc^ iJftfi-o bib ^ W l W (% fi-8i-1?) W f W f "ftw? ?5?ff?C??
tft f w ? 1? WtftWif f i t .il?? w w f ? wftf? f W W i fft w t t wcti? f R ? f t ?t=R ?tîc? I
M. Canard ( E . 1 . 2 ) / W ? ^ WCt
f w w ttWWI? 'SffW? ;^Rftf|ct? I 'Wff't-WoW? w f ^
f w w iit "tfw^s wwt ?sf?w WWf .il?? cwRwit-.il? ^5rf?f^ îsn^^SSTSlR (jL^ 8 T t f ? t ? ? W t , W W f ? <3
.itwwf? R'fw ttttt (w?fw)-.ii? fr?w .bv/j>Hbr <pR5t t??W?5 I f ? l ? fat W W t - i l ? tc f w ? W?t ifrV/bro8
(Wt%)-<ii? iFn w w w ? tft f w ? m^ t?t< tc51 .ilt WW 1fw? f t w ? ?4?Ttr iJ>o/fro.b W W ( W W f ? , %
t ? t c t Rft w f w mi f%f ?tct? WW R f t R f t 1t?it ^s|3ct ?H?-H) I W f t ! ^ wftf^ wtc?f??ft-.ii? t*tt?f wtttt R?? 1
w t t ? ? ^ I f w ? - W f t f i t w w f ? ctwwftf? ffwcw f w ? feat? tc ?i/lr8(t W W ' ^ ; WtlW? tc f ? T ? ? T t
c ^ c w w t f f w f ' ^ W iI??.fW? t t < ? tw?1? f f ? W'flttt C l o v e s ' W t ^ bSb I f ? l ? f S f t fft? w t W f t (Thaddeus,
f??tf??t? ^t?C f t f f W t I f%f Ctt f ^ C^RRC?tt f?lfW T5f I Theodosing? g. W f t , ^ W W W ^ - W ? ! ? , t t W i i o R.,
f w ? t f i R f t ?tW f??f| tTt?TtWt??fR f^3W?ff t ?sf^ i f . , i?i), w?t? w f t f w .iitsft t w ? c w w ? f i t I t ? ? f W W
^5rf?fw ^?tc? wtttc fttwt W f W f "ft? ftw? wro?? w f t w W f W t w t ftt? wt f R ? f ^ w t f w 'W'st' wcw (wwt?,
t f f t w I tWst f ? ff? ftw? t i r o ^ ftw? w f ' W W ?8?) il?? ttcw? WW .iwft ?s.R-wttw t w w row, WW ?tw
'Wfft-W^w? f??st ff?itf tsRw t ^ wtfw? ttt ?irot? Rf? f t c w w witw ctfcai? t w w f t w s W f w f f l c t t i c t t W?ct
fWW?sC?tl f?sf ?j^ ?sf?f?r f w w f?gif rot T S I (wwt?, ?(t-f!r) i R f
f's?t?f w f ? f?t? t f t s wcwwt ?w? WW W f tf itcw f ? ? f W W i t ??.R-Wftw t f ^ ?ftw f T t ro f w w
t r o t f w f f w t f w ?scw 1 f w ? iWW wcw:?ttc w-wi^ wtw W - T t f t t t f ? ?ftw t c g f ? 5 W T ? I I c?t?w
' s r t t t t w f W f t - W w f Wft-W^W? 9^ ^c fft c?W fR w f t f w ? .ii?s f f ? t w t f f t w w WW ?5wt ( t w
f ? t ? w?tw w?T? t r t f t w ftf% fict? w I . f w W W Wttfro, 8f., i&) 1 W S f ? fft f t t ? BRW ? T ? .il??. c t w w
t t w f ftswtt
t.1?. */5
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Contents
aftn 'WlR' 'mf?' (ms l>tfistvt)-i| ttR 1??mA ?5%t flR"?! 'wtm ('5""if?T cmai mm? 'srs^^) mc^ 'stR?!??' ?'Rt
w s R w H i i R i T O T O 'wi?f nimottm? %tm?^ mmm ?5f?mRcm, ntAtc S ^ 'wtncm cm?scmr^ (ntAfw? nstn?
?5f?m? ^gcmt ^Rm (?m I ^sim? #m?i?n5m?f ?simgaFR?5mt? mmt ^TRn-^'nT5 mR ?5Rcm) mm^^mcn Rf&t CA? mn
f?m^ w t msfm ^tm? ?sf?m? S%ft nsmtft AtsifAt I n=m wt^^^tmnc?? # g ? 'jkmnc^ ^ aifiRt
mtm ?imw? it?m? Wm ?sf?m ?bm !??!cA*i 'mmw? # ? f ?sf?m iii?sf? ^m%n ?bm nRt A? r 's,m R R 'ttm? ten
if^<ftc? 9\<^ m w t A ? I ^?5f& n^mmr <pf? 'mt^ An (wttm?, i 8 i ) I
t?^-wtAm-'ii? mm ^pnmn t?^-wiAm-'ii? atttm? 'ttm? aitn 'mr c? n?s5T ? T R ? stttm? R R ^Rm ?bm '^fmtRcm
^ ?>f?m mfntc?5 ?mt ?5c?n ('mn-'5mtmA, A8) I R^ tm SmA?'T??it tAitm ntn cnmtR 'm^m'^ '5AT^ t m ^^g^
1^ mA, 'mnt t ^ m 'rnn-'s'mfim ât ?il*c4 mat R AA(t mm 'mn-ntnântf, RR ntnnt^ttnem R^c^/^ mmw m^-
m l n t t w 'fm? fn^^ ?sr?5t ( m ^ t W(m c?^, 'm^ t??if<i R ^ w1%mcn ft%'5 ?#mRcm; 'ttm? Tpi
t?^-wfA5i-ia? f ?tw? ^fnm, ^.8)1 fmw? ?4mips t S ^ fnR'm?cmmi? t^s^ mm^t#n'm?cnfcft? ACS R A O I
R R tnmn w'mm?mf'siRm?'wi?itt t m mfwt-? sftim? mm RA An; mt^gm^ 'wm-^tlnn 'wm-twf c^. AA<I- R ) ;
\ttm? eftst ^f?m ?bm ?5?m cmmt?, iAi; 'wm-mf^, % tiAi?5' t m t?mfn 'mn-^'wtf, fnR A O I ^C Ao<t R. n #
ib-i) I R ^ t m m%m?5R?5 Rmt w n I w i TisnfR t m ntnmcff? ^ r n t?in (mR?n-Rm) Rmn 1 S f ? is[Atmn t m
mfwt mtt<p ?T^ ?5Rm ?5m ?5Rm ^ tAt? aiRcm? arAt w n 'winfnn-mR^ 'mn-?i?ji^s-ii? :^Tmn t?n ntA?'a mt^
(f. ' w m - n t f i i 8 * f . ) I 'sfH-Rnf mt^-mmm? t?s^^Rm ^tmn-is[? Rem 'Qtm^ flem 1 ^ îenf*t?s tmncn? m?f
S ^ ?5f??n:m,nTAtt R. Aii-i8 mm Rîc? nsnRs 1?s5n6m? m ^ pR-qj-a m <pcit<pn> liim'm^n ?5i?ntf|mn 1 nm 'mmn-ia?
Smn ?tA?HA (Governors and Judges of Egypt, ntt. n=f? ^ t m n t?^-Ai?At*i Cmnm?, ibb t.) i-m%Ft 'mn
Guest, 181, 183, l86, 187) i ?sf? R ^ ^ c Rfmtn ântH^'-ia? ^t)ci î?)c^R?)i'9 fsnsi m1mt^FrRtfnt?n )i<)i;ii
armt?^ mm i 'm^-'^'fR t m t??t%t mt?-?t1^#t m*n: '5(Tr-m?mf, ^. A O O R. st^n cmmt?, ibb t.) 1 t^mn-ia?
2M?m 'a i?înn?' ^^tnm^R 'mm' ijftc Rfn lat iciest ?mt t'ojf? 'wi<i'a,siiA t m 'stltn-ifl? nfîc^? wm 'ttm? fmti??w?
4 ( ? ? I ( A W F I "t^m 'mn-m^nmm?mn&ttTO?RswttAi? âtfn^ 11^ 'wtn^mAaws ni?m? 'stt^<s Ant? isni'sm^
^ R J S H nm^ '^fmt ( R Ai<i--ib) afsjtnm w n 'snn 'stAt? ^[m 'm?m'am m^[^ m Amn W^ m p 2i4ji?^F-mnm mm
Rntsm c ? ^ cmm^ m??H ?#m 'i%Ft? mgw ia?si? ^rfm ?5c?n I întnitc? ?!m.Ai'^l?H-'ii 'ttm? ntmfmR ne? 1
m^ mm, R ^ t%Ft tm 1 ^ ? ^ mt I ?nnt ntnl t m mmm? sf^tmm? ntAtem lilt'mn? nnc? ^ttm?
c?ij*fw? mi^mtR^ I'^Fst's <pR\si ?mt^Ki^ R^nm.ntn âtf'i^ ?5t?T n ^ 'mtn-Atmm'' 'n??sm w n 1 'ttm? mn
A ? mt (wt^RiH 'mn-'mtnmit, f^m^-m'wif, An., iAo) i ^?n? Atmn tm'antA?m^sfnm'ttm? 'mTm?5f^me'i?
A?' m lilt n m 'gp?? ?[A-'^ ncsf ftmn-ia 'ttm? m^, A ? 'stmcw m cmm^ ?#m cm 1 ?5ft^ 'mcA, ^Ri^f%? *iFoR^
Cmnm? ^to, ^. i<t) i . <j?Ate?? (1^tft^-f?Rs?) n=m tAt? ê? nlmt m^^fR^
'sfH-'5*mfnm-'ii?nnt?mt^'mmnnn(innR5R'Q 'mn-fwf f?njmf <>R?il|cm (t?n mfl?nn, mm's ^mn-^^
^trtR 'srm w n i AA/bb mm 'witi??ii (Amorium)-? m^ptnet, nR mmen gemtemf c?>tn 'stgwi mt, ^. 'mmt?,
*5mn t? 5'mln^ ^tfSm-'fni^ (sfmnRmniR) 'mAmn t m Ai-A) I mRicnt wt^ ^mmn t R m n m?m 1 ntnt^-is?-
'mf Tjwtn (g.) ^mmw mntnnr? tfipt? tn?s? cet?f"?st?nj R?Fe^ *iRbiPi\i> wfimen c? ^ t m n Ais R.-e InA ^ntRcm
mfm? ?f?? t?f ?5?i? 'i#m? "^Rc stms Aamn ^stAi? m^mt^ntAmn tm^'mnn'm-'^'^R?nmf??Sm
Rtn?5R?5^5mt cwn mmt? stmt ?sR^'si^piR cm n m iii?5i? f^=t w n mm t m m1a?nn m*R ?sf?nitlem 1 ?sf??
t%tn TgRR^mc? wttnc mem, ^fn? nR^ 'mm ^psi ^ nf fin ?5tn, 'm^R f < mi f%R c?g^ncm mtn cmm^ nR?in
Cm^f^mf) mRc? cmnm?, i 8 - 8 8 ) 1 ixit n m A t w t 'mm ^Rcn I f ^ 'siR fms^ 'winf ?fncn, f%^ 'ttm?
c # ^Rm? ?5l??ict 'm^^tmn->ii? tjtR ft^R'm?? A ? I cntcst w t w f n fin m mi ttm? S^m?c"=f f?sf^s, f^ 1
t^pt m^R RR-mm? ?ncn?mt??sRm^m^2tmn^ w n m f cm^Rmf) mfnA'-'ii? mm R R ^tm? ?5f?^ ' m^
n??*!!? '^sfmf? ^ t m n ^ R m nem -^frntcm 1 'ttmcm ncm ?5?iten crnnrn?, Aio) 1
'Si^m Rem t m ^mf ^wt^T, ?R<3 ^jrrsrfwme? 'm^ '5(t^>*fiiii(-<ira -îf ^tia '^^ <^r*<lPi* '^tJHi^ '^<Rf 'mc^;
^mmn-iii? stR ' s w ^ ^mRcm 1 ?ft?f ^ m ?sRmn nRf nm witR?i? f?wn, mnt?s-ii? fs?Fcgi wf%ntn â'ttm? A^rt
tnntf 1n*:?n?
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Contents
(??o/trOl/br), WF%f-.a? (??.!-tr8o) T f t T O S f f s T O ^ roiw? teset? tesf C ? R R f ^4tRro ?f<3 ?R?te? i R ? t ,

R R tsRst^Q ?#?n%?R .a??. W < 3 W W -sfStf I CW? CW? tfPRR f g j s i R w ? f '<3 w I t t ?tw t k ? ? f R f?i? Re*tt w ^ t
CWaf wt?t? <p|f 1^1 .^R^tfwPr? ?f?t? ('^. WT?lft, The ?R?ie? I WR ctttsR f R w ? w w W ? ? wr?j?5t?ttc^ t c t t
reign of Al-Mutasim, ftW E. Martin, New fRsjf ^Re itvic? I RfX5 ?sKWtfc?? f R ^sTf^tf? ? j R ^
Haven 1951, M. Canard, Les allusions a la We?tf, f R t .Q ?r|f|[w t f W t f T WW M WftPS w w s R
guerre byzantine chezles poetes Abutamman et ctT^ f # f l k r o te? f w t ? ^ ro? w, ??? R?R? teg^
Buhtari in A.A Vassiliev, Byzance et les Arabes, ?sc?c? f w w f t W w w f ? w ? t i t w i ? R R t . i t f t c^tcro
1. La dynastie d. Amofium, Bruselles 1935, ttw. WW ro? I i j w ^ j f w fwt'tJtfw RWt?.W? <3 f c f t w
397-403)1 Rc?i?itwi? ?i?wc?? f R f ? t ? Ret? c f ^ t r w ? R R w ? f
W f wwsi-.i? #?'*t*fn:t wtw? f ? w ? tnw'st twc^ ctt'sR? WW. ttew? f t w c t H f R t W ? c t t (% ' w ? f t -
siftMc?? t ^ ^ I f?RfwT, WW? wftw t R f)R? t ^ Wt-^pWtf, W f ? t f t - ? t W f t , WW. Ritter, 15) i f T ?
? # o , ?Rcw?, W f w|Wt-il? ?>Rt? .iw-wftw?.f ?5?t, f ?1? W t f f (wftfapct) 'Wf t?? T l t W W t - t t t t ^ t f
lij^-wflw^ R f t .it??. ka[^-^^ftw?f t ^ (Wt?I?, is.88) 1 wt?l? (Rtflfig^) t w t ? f??te??, W t - f f ? n f (Orlens, 1949,
R w W t - f ? " ^ f?R wp5jc?s W 5 ] ^ 3 5 f W ^Rc?, ?Rcw?, W f 268) W ? < 3 W R W t w t?<3?1WW f?We?? I aFltf_< t ? , ^ t
wMt-.a? t s t ^f?wt WtTt? RosF? t ^ -*R| JJ^C t f t w f ?5l?e?fCW i ? S ) S > R. < 3 ' ? ? ? i W v ( . i b - l r f e , i S > 0 ( J , i S > ? <3 i f e 8 - i l
.a?? W f wtwt-.a? R f t ?sRw wtw? Rest? R f t ?sRw ^cw fWRw ^ ? t t ? I Margoliouth t?t? R < ^ JRAS,
Rftw? (Wtw?, -Jsi) 1 ?sR "Wf twpf-wtrw (f. ASfe R; 1905, 763-83 % I f r ? W ? J fRtt? MI RfRT? RRsf WW
wtw? .jsi-?). "Wf wiwt-.il? ? f 'Q<=tsfif Ret? I wtwet? f?We?? W R - f f , W t - W ? f f f , W W - R ? f f < 3 t ? f R -
t t R e t ^ tttWWsC? ( f ?W^-'e'WW) WfWtWt-.il? attt fWo1#f (Wtw?, ^RW, b - ; H. Ritter, Philoligika,
fifc?ef? R??^ -f? w f ^5tcw '{fw (wtft WWftt, I t . , ?8S), xii, in Orlens, 1949. ?.!s.!s-fe, T l ^ t t f W f < 3 W ? W f
w t - f ' w w t ? t wwR?it-.ii? w;t?et, f<3?tt ' w f w w t Rc?}?tet? t t W ^ ftw, ^ 1 ^ W ? 5 f ? R?-?1?t'WW
t?ft-wiT't, ^fftw, b-H) 1 wtw? f W 1? ? ^ ?R?rt wtw? ?stfRw-'t'W, t W f t i j 9 8 ( t , i t . , 8 ? ? , Rsf i i t ? f?nRw ??
rt?W? Rw:w W W Rf RRw ?t?lcfeL i liit trot ?6W? w t ( W w - R ? f f ? wtw ?fite?t ^cw i f e ( j ? v(. ftnRw ^5t?i?
^wsi? ?wl ^cw wtw? '^W5?et*? R ? ? < 3 wewRs ^?1C? I rott W) I
Wft-'Wt^WTWtt?? t?1?fWtTWt-fS?t|ftwl?l? Rw:^ .iiw^jfw W f w t w t w i ^ <3 f t t t w t t w f f C t ? C?f R f
RRwe?? (Wt-fmtww, db) ii?^ wt?t? tc^ RR?rc?? W f ^^Rwt R ^ 4 f ? ? i c H I cttR? tetr ^ f t f B w f t e t ? t s
wro f?nwt w t - f ; f ?iw? art 'wtw? ^ âwtte? ?sRwt? R W t ? W R - T T W W - t f f ^ R s , ?t?t t f ? WWWt-.il
W?? attfRot #?t isRw t t W t f w t t w t^Rs t ^ fat art I . lfw?tfW W t H R ? t w R W t ? ro?? I W W - t w ? f f ? ?TttItR^
wiTO w^ wtw?sifew? te?i w t - w ? f f (^. 8?i R)-? W R S G. Frejrtag ? 5 ^ R f t . hamasae carmina caum
' ?sRew ^ R R ' R w f t t t R t I ? R? wtWWR w f Tbrisu Scholiis. bonn 1828, Wttt? ib-81-ffi,
WWW Oriohs, 1949, 268) ?bW fRWe? i t t f trot ;5tR?, f @ w f t w i ? b r 8 R. <3 w?c?l iiv&x % I t?i? t?Rs
Wgt-Tttt? ' W f Wt-^?Wtf C^. ^^bb/hHb-H) f?t? ''Q?tWW W w a t e t a w W H . Brockelmann. 1, 134 f., H, Ritter,
w t W t - sfoi?t# m\ 'tfftr' (w?w ivsvsi R., <tv t.) .ii?^ Phllologlka, iU, in orins, 1949, 246-61;
Wt- w R f (f; vsvi R.) f w ? "f'swttw ?i?tt-wtt?jtf w f w f w , g . TTWW t t t f ^ ftw, ^ 1 ^ , t W f ? i t . , 8 ? ? I
wtwt '?nt- f ? ^ ' t W f t i?lr1 R ( ^ f?"tWt WWf, (triWW M t f ? , f V W , w t t w ?t, (Fortitude) I C?t RTOt
t^lft i i ? R.) an[^ f w ? Wt T^ftcWHt. pR?lt?-H i t W??Cii? t w 5 t?ef?wte? ff?ttw t w WW W T f W ? ; ?W,
Wt-W?f?lf (f. V 8 R ) f?l? 'Wt-fe?MWT' (?st?e?t ivs8 few Ri^fww, Rfct ffweft? aj^ct f?w, f w r w wsi? t H ,
R. o , ?fe) aret WfWwt-.ii? ;gitR -^^RtW ?Rwe?? i R?et? f f f w t ?'f^ te?t?t I i l t t w t t t t ? t f t ^?jte??
W f - W f ^ W t - f ? w i t i f T ? 'Wt-R!j?#^-f??'S?R-W?l?' artttt T1WW WW t?l? w^w? c?R W R sjtîii w e ? i t r fte^
(tsift io? R.) fxse?s ?sR? Rgêw Wt-Wftf? twewsw wlft^ f c t ? ' W W etro mm W R ^ Rsft wtw ?t?t i i j w ^ f w
t'Qt tsRwew 1 W f R ^ W ^ t t sftf? tWewwet? R w ^ ?sf?W ?BRI?, tw? t1W<3 ?T? ? ^ I t w t f f tttWC??, W f
.'sift?'^ ?sRe? i ?ffwRew f w ? triR sfRf?nf -stew? WtWt-.il? t f w f t w w wtw? ^ ? ? f W ? s t ? W t ? ilt
t t w f t?"êW?
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Contents
?'!o W f W T t ? 1 W t - W ? t T f (W)
R ? , W # c s ^5|f^ a r - f R s ?t^lc? ( R . A. Nicholson, A ^n^î^rsrt^fH-^snîft ( ^ j L ^ v i ^1) s

Literary History of the Arabs, Cambridge 1953, (W) W t T O t t ? t f I f ? t ? f f W TO ?t?t t f ? t l ^ I W f w"tt?1
79, 129-30) t f w[. f t - i P W H 'W#? wmfff- f r o t f T O I TO <3 t f T O t ? 1 t u 5 t f f ? ff?tw fIctt 1 we?
lw<l*ll, W? .flft w[. ??"t? '*llf siTOPI?I lf5f'?l't W T O W f ^ f w T O t t e f ? f??5t t f w e t t f f ? t f w fRfbw I tfTO
|vsf% ifi^ -5^5 f.sRitft-TOtRt, <>PiMi ib(^b wr#f i?} tttww ctteai? wtt W f www?-.ii W f . % f f ? wfif?t
R. I TOft-?tTO TOlft R J , CTOlt i?SS R. A. Krimski ?sc?t 1 fw? w w t ? wt f i t *^WW.fWfS W f w . t f ? ' W f t f w 1
tS, sirW iSi? wrsfR W i - F Ruckert Stuttgart f f t tt??tw cftea? W f w ^ WTO tflw f l w f I W f w i t ? i
1846%! (W)-il? f ^ f w t W?f WW-.il f?fW f ^ <3 W W f C t ? ??.RTOt
fTOWl'G?sRt1lrotR?roR ((?ltfW ft^lR R?3fW5 f t t t w ? ? I f?t? ?s?tfw?n ^ g W f wtt?1W?ttfttmt
W ? ) ( i ) T W ^ I ^ - f R R t W W Wl-vsTOl^'rajl (g. Orlens, t f t t t - W W S T O t f ? T T T O t f ? "Wt? t f ? W?t WW t f ? 'Wfwfw
1949, 2 9 1 - 2 ) , W F - W M tfIRs CW? tf^WWW-il? TO t f ? ' W W t f ? WRw t f ? W ^ I fw? ^ # 5 ? <JsP? ' W W
t?tiW R % TO rot W t w W; (?) t'tf%WWf-*Wltt t f ? w t w cfra t t t w w t t f ? ff%t f t w Wf*?-?t?tiw-.ii?
W?I Wt?tW?fW5 (5. MMTA, xxiv, 274) 1 W I t W f W W ? l ? f t w ttttt ^ f k w ? I W f w t t ? l ( W ) f?t? t r o t ^ cweai?
f W t t WIW TO s ( i ) Wl-t'tfW?T t t t t^flf-^'WltâW ctw ? f I t t w t f ? C t ? f C < f f t fi^ttiSit ^^Ruo? .iRl'WTCt?
wtflt-'iiwtn >sw Wtft* wt?ttl?ftif?vi ( f t f w , i^js*, w-wf?gw wt? t w f t t ^Rc? I f?t? twflct? wf-tfcwsf tt?t f f ?
Wtft; ib-); ( ? ) W t - t t R W W W fsR W t W R t - W W t t , twitws t w t c w I W S f ? f f t tjtwww wwf w w t t f ?
' ( f r o f w ) = W t t f f r o l r o i 'WtltPlt W r o l ? 'G W l - t f ^ W s F t w f w (w)-.ii? W W t ^ fW?^ ( w ) - w Rftw? fW? ftct, f f ?
W t l t f (fTO1W, ? ) ; ( ) t f ^ W r o i f W W W w W?t? t t w t f ? C t ? R f c ? t f ?5C?t I t f T O TO TO w t ? f t ' W ? t f ?
w w t ( f i n f t ^ t s f ^ ) TOt (.^); (8) w i - t ' t f w T O f t t w r - tw?? ( W ) te.] t t W C W W ' G W w C'^TWtcwflctt I ctt
Wf?t-f?ttttt, I W W t f W t f t ? 'STOl-WtWt, t w t . tt^?lR, w'<3Wcw? f t t f t c ^ W f w i t ? i ( W ) f t t r o ? ? I W 5 s f ?
iS??, fw? R ^ ^C .'jtt I ?f?tcro-3je?itf ? c ? ' 5 ^ c f f c t 1 0 w W t T O w ? l f ? ttt -
f^t^ ( i ) W f Wt55f?1WttttW??It W l - f f , WtTOP f f ? < 3 t?sW? t w ?sRW 'Wt^TTO f^f? R f C t W f s t ? t ?sc?t 1
w f w w t , W W . w f t W ^ f t 'Wttfro, f ? t W W t f ? ?1?'TO, f?w?ew? f ? W f f ^ ( t ) f w w w??nt t f f t - w w t t
' W t T O , W f r o i t t w t W t - f t f , t^lTOt iSi.1; (?) W t f ^ t ( t W ^ W f t?T?W tfft-Sj|^st<ll?")-iI? tftw W W C ^ ? T O
t t w t . Die Ahbar uber A b u Tammam von w?w ro?? I WfîW?' ( t ) f ? t w w t t t w w w?f? f t f ^
as-SuU, Diss, Breslau 1940; ( ) W l l f , XV, 160-8; ^%tfwtl '
(8) W t - W w f ? W t - W W f t f , w f f WWftt, b-t., ?8b--.j}; (<t) W f w l t ? 1 (W) fIctt.iWSt? t l t f w T O C?tW fff^ f?W? I
t?? W W R ? , W 5 - W f f t w f ? (WtTO), 8 t . , ib--?.b; (b) ?t?, t ^ <3 t t t r o i ? t t w fcwt f f t W f f ^ (t)-.ii? ttt
t ? f t W??tf-f?W, ?i-^; ( 1 ) t?? f?tW, W ? ^ t f t , ?st?r?t, wtst?t ?!cw 1 1 ^ few? f w f f t c? f ? ^ fw*f? ?se??,
WWW f ? 1 W t w f ^fTO?, ?o<J-io; (b-) W t - ' ^ l M t f , tftiet? 'jf? tw "^fê? ffi t t R w I ctt f t ? ftcisf? #??
W W f t f ^ - W t f t , W W W , ib--?o; (W) t?? W t l W t , f ? iSb; w R W f ^ f f t Wf^W? ( t ) - i i ? ftwwe? fcbtt? frottw
ftcro I fwR w\ wew f w f t ?pt?w Wf^tw? (t)-.ii? wjct
. ( i o ) ff?s w t - ? t f f t f t ^ - w m t -fw wwwwf f?wf
trow? ?tfroe<i? f t w f ? f t e ^ f ?st?ewflct? 1 .iiw cwtw
w t w t , M?WI iS8; ( i i ) ' W t f t tnft? W t - T O f W f ,
f f ? f ? f t e ^ f ^Reflwtt w , wfroet? R f w tw t f t f?w
f I W W ^ W T O , i 8 l f t . , if., ??-NS; ( i ? ) t t # ? f ? 1 W t ,
^ c f l r t I c t t f ? cwfi?f?w^ce?tw ctt'tTOwww^pt?
W f w t w t W5-W1^, ? - t W ^ W f%'W?; ( i ) f?TWt W f
(t) t w wtt t ^ i t c f t c t t W W W f w i t ? i ( W ) f f t e f l c t f ,
W?-Wf?f, W t w w w f w t w t ; ( i 8 ) t ? f t - t t t t , W W t W ^ -
W T O f ^ - W W W f T O W W f?TO ? ^ , t w W f ^ ^ ! f ?
WW?, ?t., 1 ? ; (i(t) Brockelmann, I, 12, 83-5, S-I,
W f T O R f w f ? W ^ W W l?t?tWt1?'fWWfTO'fTOtl[Ct 1
39-40, 134-7, 940, III, 1194; (i^Js) O. Rescher,
ftw ^tct WW wet W T O fTO f?W T t w I fwR W W W 5 j ^
Abriss, Stuttgart 1933,11, 103-81; ( i l ) W.W.t., i t . ,
w e ? e t ? t t t w . i t ?5f?ttt w f t % ^^f?etlw? s
I'bi-^tt I
,^LS>ll i l L ^ j J ^_f^JJ + f I j i l l illini'it j_j.<jjii
H. Ritter (E.I.2)/.il. ft. m. f ? w ? t ' f ' i " W T O wt? W f T O Wiet? W W f ? T O , W T O f t t t W f T O
f t t c t ? WW u t t ^ f r
^rt^ Vi'lRlj'^ (5. fW?P#, Ww-wt?tf)
t t w f RSCW?
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wt^'sinAi wM-wmit (Hf)

(m)-<ii? t m ntm? wm ntntm i Rfn ntnttn ^t m1?sm m f w t
si|3id,siA (n) ntm, f w t m ntm wt^înAin mt^nnsf lij^ mwm (m)-ii? cntm mi ^ C B ? mm f^ ?sRm 'ttmt?^ St5?
(mm nfmn >iw t ^ ) ?ntmn mr^ntw mtm S'sn ( t m m x St? -inK <i<isi 'I'lîii f ^ (ln{ii>t-nttrm, /i t., j. iî) i
'sim^l^, N3T., j. (2-o<?; t?^-mttfn, S n ^ - t i m , <f^., j. viwRstt? (iiwt? nfntn tap? ^mt^ citt fntn ntîatA (n) wt^
A<f) I cnt fm Rfn isi^ fnt^p nRs n ^ W H CS, ^ ^sinAT (m)-ii? "ntmin' nln?s cnTi?tf? ntm c?fn?s ?^c c??
'fimn mt itî nin i witw f^ cnt fnt^ ^?nt etcm i wt^înAT fî^ f^tên
mnntn ^ mi^^tnAi (m)-'itn S? nr^âtA (n)-iiin StBn cttnn I R^ f%fn c*!!^lt?in ^!t?t nr^j3pA (n) f^Rm wtfmm i
liit^ntt? mmmf^ mfwt mjct wsjm ^ i ^ v.*'*ici m^^^ tfSmtm ^5tmn nft cntt ^sttn nt^^^ (n) nfntm, >Qfnt^
(n) mmn c n m fnfw w n i mm lat fntntfm cnrnm "sjm ?st?'=t mt I cint? cnr^tf? ct g^ntf
wmt? aimtsnrnfrn^cm wt^ ^ * m i (m)-c?51 ^nmtm ^<3 (Rm?=n-niAtm /i.t., j. itoi-itot-) i nc? c?stn ttm? wiRtnt
1%fn mem STHF w n int^3^(n) cmnm^fmiflcm, ci ffnm^^ptA(n)-vii? wmmfrnt '#ittni -iwi?wtntn (m)
mmt^ ^fntn, fnm^ m f ^ n ^ n t n cnt msn^stft m iT^ tncmt iifmt wttm i wt^'inA'T (m) Sm nt?t ?#nt
^cn I mt^ ^tnm (m) lat '^t^ A wn ^nfwt^ msjt n>mn liRi ?i^;^giA (n)-4n wmf I^tsf? w!t mtini Iît rnntm wts
tmtm n^m n t n an^ ^n (^sTmssTo, vat., (fo(t) i îimn ntn n w 5 ^ mfmt?i^3J(tA(n)?5?in?5t?n(att'^) I '
flst^ ajt^H nsi?nt R R vflt ?sRm ^^R:ns nr^[3ftA(n)-^5imt^nt?mc?nm^ lant'st^nAw?
w ? ^Rtn I n? Î'i^sti*. (n) ntn fmtn mtt '5n nsc?n
^5tm?nttt?mn fmw^wjmmmmf mn-ntt6Tgim'^mntm
'ur-?^ r>^ J-^J ntn I nstm? mfS wtn ^tm? m ^t^? 'sn mtt tt^ i wt?
"mtfn wt^'inAi, wtntn mn mnn i aiffm wtntn wst'wttn mnfmw nnen f ^ wt^ înAl (m)-c^ afntn W H I wt^
Rm? r înAi (m) tmt lip m c?n.S? isttt?mtst? fR nt
m^!3^ (n)-va? tFf^ttn? n m Rfn ntftt f^m i nnfwtn ^fmtt^ (înt?si^, ot., (to<t-<?Q4); Inniî-niAi?!, o/i t.,
nnft ntmntt? fwm-va? ntm ?t^!3^ (^)-m w?t?s msmn 1. itob-) I
1m5?s ?s?? vitninfnm ^ft^ wt?? atsm f ^ i ^nmim?t?.ntm mfSmnm mm, wtntn t ^ mfrns (m)-'ii? n?t(?tm fn?JB
^twn ?sm t r o fntm m?mf Rem i .spjRncm ntm wt^ SmnRi'Sn wtfn cif^ntR (afts^) i rnnn^t? c^tatwt^^tnAT
'S?i?mtn^-wt??!?; (m), 1^ fmgft?5m tmmf?tn i wtn (m) fwm f n ^ ^ I ntn
wtnmntm ntm wt^^tnAT (m) Rfn ?sm nm ?5f?tn i
5c?? fn?s? cm?5 miitm ^ liini fmn^ s^, fnfn wttn y ^ ^ y
c^ftmte?n ffFt n m nRt?n i nr^^^ (n) cstA? "cmnm ntm tn?tn mm ^^t ?]? m w t Ms cmnm ?5t^
?sm tm<t ?>Rt^F, ^ ^spimtnnt ntn mS ?iinm ^fk^Hcm, ^ti nt ^f?cn m" (s A), ^flt wtnr ntn nifnn A? ^sm ffn
wt^'smAT (m) wttn cîf?s i ^ ^mtmrnt t>m<Mc*it wt|.mnm 'stm? fam fn*? AT ntn?s ^tf? wtalA? n t ^ <sm~FF ^fmt cm i
(m) wtfmt mfw? ^sttm >(?sLRf^ nr^^^ (n)-iii? ?R? tm Sm? mR f^ 'gfnt ^ ^ p r ^ i SJSJ? mR {^)-m t?t
?mt? cnimtj m ?sf^tm ( n r ^ wtnmft, fmt^-niAtm, /j.t.,
1. itoA)i csi^jinmf3c^ f ^ f ^ m wstmf I vflwt? ?t^^^ (n)-'ii?
m^^ptA (n)-'fl? nRo ^sim? aim? mmtm f ^ i ^mt cfftt ntn, mm? ^ c wtsJA nA^ptt? R R iii?5WN cstAnin n t f ntm w t t m i
MHIM m wm n w n^fmt ffn nr^g^^ (n)-<ii? mtt afm;^ nt? c?stn ttm? % T m i *( nt^ttm w m mntm ttm? ?R
mtt tif?>c^n I 'tm? S? (n)-iii? St5? >isi>4t?tc4i i w t At?ifl*i I wt^^'iiAi (m) ftt?5 nfnmn, nt^sttm m^îtm
f?f%gmcn f ^ m^jî^ (n)-c?s ntmni ?sR:n i ttnnt? ^t m -an?. f ^ ttm? wtmtm ni[tt wtn i ttm ^ -spm?
. fnfmt? n m S^-^lnfn nifwjt (nt)-? ^ tttm t f ^ w t t t t c<pl*i(.n 'jR ntR Rmtm fntn i ^stm 'ên wtR tt^snt?
cm I m f ^ (m)-nA iii<i?itA (n) cmm i wt^^mAi-iii? ln ?#? wt? c>iAntF nnsf ttm titm nten i. 4tmen '?ftf5
S? ttttmttt blnc^fln I f ^ ntsf ntsf n'sntit ^t mnntm ttm? n?5f ciiA*iiFC4> ttmtm iRntt?? n?scnt wntmt? m^
tfw^ ?i*i.isiiA (n)-'it? fn?5? wtfmt c?sin?if wtnt^ ^l?tttm I n<Mnc?nl fR ? f ^ 3 ^ (n)-iii? fn?JB wtfntn.nt^g^^
5iif?tmr5 f?si^ w t f ^ mftcm 1 minrat?: ( i ) ^tmc?s mtR?ji (n) wiFitenH c?, ^strnnnitmt? liit *ii?i^ ntfnn ?,tlw s
tnntf Rstmn
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Contents
W f w l t ^ l w t - W W f l f (?t) W f W l t ? 1 W t - W W i f t (W)
c t t I c t f t c t t f w c ^ wttw rot I .ilt Rtwfw? f ? ^ f w ?

W f C?tt?if f t w f f s ? f wt, ? ? l f ? ? s t f ^ f i t (^TW?5TW,
"W? Wf?t?t ^\i}MC<> (s(?lf*5)CTIW) RrCW<t tra atlTOJ
t . , e o ? ; t t f ' R - f t W , (?f., ?4) I ^^TWCt Wtw? ? ? R
CW? fi(.t<ll WI?St^ '^Ct" (e< 8 <) .i)??.'t?JDl? ?T03Rf ^lb?C*t
?t?lf|1 l o ? R ? I f w ? f 5 T R t R f W TiiwCW ?ftWC? I
WfR W W W t f t 4it?llC?'f ( f t i t t , W t - W f k , ?t., 'J.
f T t W w t w t t l ? - . i i ? ?<Rttew f f ? t?w? (W)-.ii? fiww5
iSb-;iwtWR-t"t3rtW, / i t.^'J. iâ>-iSo) 1
W t C t . 5 8 R . tfW?t?RWR?5CWl t f t H ( W ) f?l? WtWtl?
Wf^gi? (t)-.fi? t f R w w ? I ? f m ^ ft?i?ict?i
t w t R ?SCW (W1W?sTW, f., 'J. (toH) I WW? W? R.
WW ?^ w w t t f w ? w t t t w t t ^f?W.Wt (ttf?W)^ftW
WW? WTO-s t e w ? R. f f t ^ t f w W R ?SCW I wc? f?t?'1C?
w t I W f W t t T I ( W ) - Ret? ctt w t f S t ^ H I ^ M
w f t w - f t R s f?t? f t f f w ? f (?t)-.ii? f c ^ f e r o fst w w t
WTfw? I Rt?<3 WR wttw w t I t?5f ctwc? t t t f t
t w RtfR?s ( W ) - i i ? f R i t t f ^ ? ^ t c ? ?? I f w ? ?"Rtte
f%ww? wi? til W W t f t t ? # r a t wfw::? .9?? W f
W f w T t ? l ( W ) e i R. t f f W R W W (ftwaw- R t t t W , / i f . ,
w?w (w)-i)? ftwww w t r t ? c?%r w t t t ? fwft wt-.ii
t R f t - f t w , e f . , ' J . ?.5(?) I W W R ( W ) W e
w t t t I t w ? (W)-.il? f^tWWC? W W R ? CftWCf fwft t f w ?
tew, fR sUf^tsii? (R)-.i)? t f t w t t c t ? f ? 8 o ? t ? c?tw ?iew
w t t ? ?sc?t 1 t w ? (w) f^wtfc? W W ws ?jR? w t mB
( t t ^ - f tw, (t% ?(?) I
W?W w t .il?^ W f w i R t I (W)-C?s ^ Wf1?f?s?,Wl?^ fWtt
W W R (W)-.il?. f ^ WR?5 t f f t - W W t ? t t w t 5j?t ? # C W
ro??l
^srftw? f?w f t t (ftRw) "sltw w? .il?? c t f t e t t tt?t tt? i w w
W f W 1 R ? 1 (W) W W r a ?tW? fwTCW ftW t?f?stR ro?t I
f w e ? ? w w e t W f w t R ? t ( W ) w w t (w)-.ii? w w t ^ fw?t
WWR t f ? W ) W (W) wRt ?SC??, i l f t ? f f t ^ W1.S?1? .ilt
(w)-wR?t??se?? 11\ f p r t t t (w) f ? t w f??te?5i W W t t w t
W?tw fww.s?tw ?5f?cf|ct? s -
f ? t ror? f f t w f ro?? i W f w t t ? t ( W ) t w ? s f R ?se?t i .iit
^y<.'i\Yj ^ r ^ j l L i j j j k L k j V i i i j L i u i . I J ' J A I I t t w t f ? t t f w ? W???ief f t r ?? 11^ f W ? t ( W ) - i i ? te
W f w t R T t (W)-.ii? ro??sft. fat R W t w?}f?t ro? r wfie*i5
'vsiKvpiK ( ^ ) f ? W R # t ? w f l e w .il?? ?I^?RII*IW fttic? fJtR
"cwtt?t f?tc? ?lft? ^t?t WtW w t t ? WW wtft. W W ?sc?t I wtw ?tct W f W t R ? t (W)-.il? ??.f tT?t W f f i t I
TOtr?t il?? t ^ ro wwTsi fcf cwwct? t w t # ? ? Wsrt i W f tw?? RtCt f ? t ? W? .il?5 fj33 f i t , ?t?tW ?tf3W? ( R )
tstt cwwct? WW C3?, tft cwtw WtttCW" (h g 8 ? ) ! c ^ ' f ? e ? .ii??,f?tw t t w c f g ? s wR-tWW ?5Ret i c t
W W WIW? tc?i fw?tct? W t f ^ f ^ 1 fwf? fffWC?? ^lÛ^tCf f t 1?? Wt?s C?tt ftR ttf^?tf|<ri I i g f ^ W?IC<!>
cwroRc?s ?Rct?, "wtt ctffcwt? WW? cw f?t-fW R?sct? f?tt cwf^ ? t f f ^ ( R ) fwww ^ f f e w , R ?Ttft?, W f
t w t fw?tt row ?st%?icw, w t cwttw W W ? fwwcw? tt^c?? t w ? ? w f?t} cwntce? cro? fRwe?? cwrot? t t t t , t w
?I?tt ro, C? ?R!" ilt?if ^ ? f ? tftCtR I ctc?^ R f t wtcW iiiffirfli?! f?t? c t t ^ t ^ ftt'itt W W fl?te?, w?t t t w c t ctw
t f f t w ?st?tflctt m i stfwfwt C?IW WW? t W C t Wt5j? Rft? t s f f w I W W s)lf=3[tlt? ( R ) Wt?t? f C f WR ftlttt? W W Cff?5
W5J #tt f?R ffî?lflR wit f ? t ? f a t t t ?Rt, W f R f ? ? t W?Jt?stC? ? f W R ? S
cw?if3^(R)-.ii?Rt?wi?i?RC^ W f wro t w ? (W)-.il?
f^tWWS WtCR WtWCW? RC5f .ilTOi ^ fW ?#WCW 1 W f R J i IIJ-
Wftrw f t f ? , wttw W f ? i ? f ^ istcw Rwcw ^?fr?"=t ?sR? i "-set ^ ttt??! R f i t ftt?? T" (wt?r^tw, f., dob) I.
t?5^ f f w f c f f f f f ^ w t w w ?|\s^|R fwcflt I fwR W f t ? ^ t t l ? ? W W W C t t t ? R W t ? s C ? ? f t W W t W ? t ? I^f? m f3i
fcwtc? ?ttct?, WW? R?tcw? ?j?tt ro,i W 8 f ? wtcwtfi?''^?t ttw? w t WSetW WW?tCR C?tfaFt^ t ? f W t wc? I C t
ft??teg? cWTOf? wtWst RW?? ?twf3i aifw "^Rw fwt i f w ??ct' C?tfN^ W W W t l ? 'il?sfwt W f wtt?t (w) tRRcw ttfte t t ?
fwR ww???i^fw?tcwwft?itwt I . f l t f W 3 5 l W f ^ C?tfCl I >e?t 1 iifww f w ? ilt f f t t t R W R we?t i w t w w
W f w i t ? 1 (W) WtWCW WC?t?t ?sl?CW t wtttw i ^ f ? W^sW? wt?w-wwt t w g rot ??, f w w ?teat f?sf Rtwftw R C f t t w
f? W f WTR?1 (W) t?f?tt ?se?t 1 WtWC?s ?R? cw?T? tw fwR <tl^c R(?cf-t I f t w - w ^ f? f?tw ffwt? "^ct 1ft
CW? f f t W ltWtST ft?1 t l t c f ^ W twtt f?t? Wf 'St|?Hwt te? wftw ?ssn Rvstw ?sRew i t f fw?t (w) ?Rew,
WW ^ 1 wcfc? wtwsf a R t t w w f w f ? wft ww w t ? fRW? WR 1 W S f ? f ? i w .iweat R W ^f?ew I ctt
t t w f R^cw?
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W l ^ T p R t R
TOR -fess ^ spmnq (?T)VitAlW 'JCBR R?nR % t aHRt? ' f e f R . mf?#, f^^n-mtift,.'mtnt^n-i5fR, OTI n t , t??!*
*pl % r WtRtttR RR5? t f e WlatA WfWtnR 4lWH, iSoS/i&VS, it., Vj. itoO I
'iiiiviHvs Sm Silt?! it?HAH I smt ii)jw? v[8t w r ^ '58'5IR^W%1
^ I mt^^rmt (m) % t % t A i R c m v i R t ' R ? ^fl^R (m%i '^rt^'Î^R ( ^ L k j_>i) 8 'wtm m m ^ t m . w t n ^ n
wRmtt, ImRFn-R'mm, /it., i ^ s ) i ^tca? m t " w r ^ ^îRn n t R f (n)-ig? mm 1 f ^ 'wmn 'mn-5[- ^ - t f n m ?
W^PJAt ?sc?n I t ? Rfn A T i i n s r i i ^ nmnf (n)-iR mfnfm? afAt
wt^ i R A i (m) (Rt A"#ARRfe 'mrA 1 'am nsmn 1 A l f c A ? mlm^pnc? n m n f t (n)v#tAR m f ^ m m n n ^
?i3isiiA (R)- >^ Rft 'trm? f<'<M'fF RtAbcm 'gmm Sm Atc^F.i 'm^'sTfmfAcmnfng.'^stm? t f m t c ? n^ c m ^ f i n 1
Pi'sHt I ?n?R R R A i f ^ ?*Rr R^m w^nm ^%n I n r n n f (n) ^tAt? ^ 'mt%?5 ^rtm-mm ^m?m ^'sefR
^5tm? ?f*R Aifcf mmmm ? * i m ?(t?HA, wimpR it-fm^ f w m W R nf% nf4 'mcA 1 nmnf (n)->a? t n m n
m t R ^ fm? m:^! 'sim?'?RR A"t%A? Ritit s.a f? sfrnc?? n?R n^Rffm ^lAims Ss,%gn'm?i8 ? # c n fR "^lAtt^,
(R?i*>i-mtAim, /it., itoA) I 'stm? fn?s? ^5tc mf^ ?4m wiatn ctR tiRi n w R r f i R ? t p s t p s aif^mn nc^ Rfn R^c^t
?sfmtem ^tim? cfi3i tRAT?r t m 'wRfnuA t ^ w i f ''hai, ft'5?r5ns ?s't?j tRsjtPt mil An mt I wi^ mmn f^mmRj
f%R ^5im? m**!^ t R mt,?H[vwMi? wrr^^. mn t m i ^ t ^ ,Atf*i%3 'm^vs'iRc?*! lit 'j'Btw? '5Rn?t ^wn 1 t A t ? t t ? m w
? T ^ , 'Sim? mmstfai wimR t ^ mR?! (m), mm t?n mfm ^pRtm'mAtrmc^ nrnw^r n f n m cmnm ? # ? r ^ t A t m tAC??
'mn-'Âif, ^^f^-^nR m'fW t^mm?,'^5im? tpt "wR^p^t^ c? '5(st3cn mn ?cn ('m^'siRm? St'sj^), m ^ c n t cntrcn
Wtft'S'HA'T, 'mR^pAt?n "ÎRSIIR (m)i " W R ^ p A t ^ "WR? t ^ " -bfrnt m n tarn cnticn c?t R^<t>w '(? g?n?R n c m mn w n i
wim 'mn-?sift, '5tm? mm 'wt?g?-?iARH t?n 'wim 'mR-^tff, f t s R c s ? f ^ n ^ 'jc? n ^ m ^ ntc? nt n^n? t ? > a t n A R
'Sii?>^'silA tnn *mRg^ t?n ' S ^ af^t Csrm-fmft, f ? t Rc?3? ^ R A R t (n)-c?5 l i n t wtnt' fmrRr 1
'm^fin-?simn,tot.,8too) 1 A t f c A ^lAiC"* ^5^t?tcm m f n r n '?fnm,'mtTnm5 w r ^ m c A 1
im? cms? ?tfln cJft? m:<#, 'm?? nmmff^ i mf^ ^ >ft?tf??s ^rfm ^rm? 1^ nfnrn nf^R 'mcA, -"jcn Rfn
mm ^ f?5f ctm? m?m?>f?t^H m i -^Tm t m t n m c n ^ t f ^ At?iflcnF, m ? n f w wR?r?t 'trm? f^J
"Sm? "3 'wR'piA t?n Âim'T t?n "Smm 'mr-wRmfi? m^Nm^s A t s i H n - ' i t st^ t c ? f n c t n w i c n i w f m ? ^ nr'm? 1 m'^'^fca?
nfm ?mR ^1-51 HAI (m)-ta? ??t?? f^ 1 s(R n ^ 4 f m ^ t i f w i 'tiAR armf? n^f f ^ ajAt W R m t 1
ar^tff 8 ( i ) '5rm-f?Wt^-?5llR, & 8 Si; (A) t ^ m \ t A f t m;rRtmc?'jtt^, R8nc=^-a'sim's m s I
'sffs-'ffl-Kr^Tpi-'fmt, 'S???, 'm. R , t., aos-aox () t^tf) 8 ( i ) ^ i m f t , i t . , i i A , i i l S t . ii5i; (A) t m
t ^ - w t f ? , Si^-tim, i i i R . , (^t.,[. A8-Ae; f A m n ( e d . Wustenfeld), i t . , ii(?, itoi t., i l A t . ; ( )
(8) t ^ 'wRf^-m??, 'mn-tmif'mR, fnrn, 'm. R , st., % t m - A l W R . t m m , s t . , Aii-Ai!; ( s ) Caetani, Annali
ito!1-itoSi, R?.tJt oo(?(?; (at) 'm?-?TAtf, 'mwSR 'mmitn- del Islam, i, 308; ((?) Goldziher, Muhamm Stud.,
RlAim, J??;^, 's. R., At., % i v o , i i t i t Ao&l; (to) 11. 107 t}.; (*) Noldeke, in ZDMG, u, 27 t.; (1) F.
t i ^ l i ^ F - w i ^ - A T ^ ^ F 'mn-fn#, tA?îi-?stmn, t??r5 Buhl. Das Leben Miahammeds, P. 115-118* 171,
iSiS/iJj&S m, tot,, % 8to-toS, RS.tJT Aoi^; ('^) nl%t 175, 181.
'siRmit, R5im-R'Rnm, tmm-t tnmfmi's, miAt?, ^ . R , /i
n?f^ t n m f t fm^cmn
t., itoo-iio; (V) t m ATwR 'rnn-'mmimf, wH-tntm,
fnrn iAv R , it., <j. (?toto-(?to<=i, R t t n AS'o<^, miR t?n mAn - ^ ^ 5 l R R n n % f (5.?si%r)
f%cm.; (&) 'siR-mAtf, fmsmp '5rt'mfSR--ijmm, ion R^, ^ T S l f g p r iitH ( j U \ _ J L L ^ 1 ) 8 i1(fA-iVoto ^
i8i8/iS.S8 m, At.,z^. A l - 8 ; RS;tlt (?; ( i o ) t ^ f^, n^ctri:, ^ A i # gA'^n c?t, n c # : wnpTAt ?5c?n t 'ttm?
e(s(T;r # ? n igRmmcn ^ w t w R w^-va? n?ntc? i
mm-%r5n-m?if?RiT, m?m-m?jR, in nt, ?nmRf i8ofr/isv<=i
wiHM*t^T-n^'sm.nnncn nRcn ( i i K ? ) f ^ 'srcmmrc e j w t n m
m, At., % 8;' ( i i ) t ^ ^^tf?, 'mn-fnmnt nR-f3iART,
?sc?R liR^ t?t>8m 'srmRT cwm? 'wmnm?' f n ^ A n i m?'sm?
m?^-R?5R^-^5nmf, innt^??r5 i'-i/i5Ann,t., {.
wstacn -ff^^tm mt'^ -^c^ mtm (Harinay) ->fl? 'srStoR-a f ^
oiV; ( i A ) 1^ cnt'^, 'srm^f s)t>$H-HHl(^'iU!, nR ^ T t l ^ - l^^în ntw?' ns^Wr f t n t t n t^rw w n i t c ? f ^ w r m m R
^siTA 'rnn-'wimtft, tmiij, 'm. R., At., % 8sto; ( i ) 'mn
t n n r f R8c?nn
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Contents
W f WTfl? W i f f f
tiwsf c?rfw:^ RntrfroiR R^R'BR (Nathaniel t f I wsst? Wt^fff w f f t e t ? t w msm ?? mx w f f

Middleton) ws^P R f ^ ' 9(5r^ TO W?It*)Jlit f t w t ? W f t - W t w t , W f wtfe?? ?twj îfwi? ' f w t cswtett
(?rmn:m TOsfrrtwsfw w f t % r w r o R row i R R iij.!s -m (Tlemcen) weW1 ?sew (H^txt/i^'oa) \ f f ^ ^ ' t ^
r# W7rfmew I iifefe R T c w c w w f ? sitw R R ?tw?if? t w t teS m ? few f t w t t??w ?? I
w i r n r o t e t ?sRrof t^Mict? t w w t watt row m ? afttit 8 ??ie? WW w ? f t ^swft t w c ^ a t t f f t g. I
tR^, 3FtR, ^5f^ WJtW Cff t r o tsfwt iVovs WW? Wt% A . Bel (E. I. 2)/
WW w?wTO 2iji<i^H row I wtw? c t t w ^ 'wR?-t ^5|T^ VS|^1 ^"5 ( ^ L ! i oî-^^l^ J J I ) 8 t f t ^ WU
w i l t t f R w t - t t r o t t # ' ( ^ > i j>L ^ ^^Lt. j^juM.^)
f W , "Wtft-^Wt'WW?S.et? fRWtt, Wft w f t t - w w t ,
w e t ivi? w e t fitwRw T ? mi C. Stewart tsf^P t?JRRe
1?ff/4t2|R-Ct, i>sffi I wt?t? c f w ? 5 l t Cte^tW (Nedroma)-
(ivss) Ch. Malo t5#? rotf Wtt? (iviJ) wJR i5?t i t?t 05 ^sitwWft ??I I ?? W f W U R t t t W IW?t ^ R w w f f '
W ^ R R "ftft-R?!? W wtWtfW''^wtl^-Wrosi? ?5W
f t w R W f t t t t i?it cro-vi G2t?*t ?5ew I Hbo/i'oaii w e t ?
row I wtw? ' w t w ^ - t l R f t ' 5ftn^ w w t f f t - w s w W t w ?
<je^tRcwwtet?-vi s t w n ? ^ ? 5 t l e w w R e t t W i w i ? t ? t t w t
wwwt? ttWt I t w TT?w? c?f RRg t<c?w c?Re#?
wi?tc^ WW sf?'!? fR?t fittt? rot t c f s w w i ? ^^5RR W r o c t
t R w t t ? WW ii<PWR 'Q?5.^f< wwatf I twc R R WtCt-'il? R R W f ? r f '5tcw f R WW ?sf?e t e e t ?? i t?st 'Q?nt-m
?iw? f w t e t ? t e ^ 2f?t f R a t t ^ ^^Rwew i f ^ w R w .
w w w e ? ? f / ^ t w W f W U c t w ? ^tcw R W w t s c w I TO
Hoey ?sw^ iVVV WW t?C?#ew w ^ R s -^g i W f W T R ? W ?
wt?te?5 ? c ^ WW ca?f ?sw ^tw's c t w ? ?te R R R w f ?
' f W t - t w R w ' - m s(it t?s5?fa ii5i WW '?5R?stW ^tcw
cftTO cwettett-â s t w i i ? ^ row i t ^ ? w w f i o f
w f f W ^ t ? i t w t t t wt?Rt?t W f w^c?s w t f w w f w t w f t
sttt#t g (5) Elliot and Dowson, History of w t w îfwi? ??cw ( fw-R"^, i&i w:^ ivsv5) i # ? c t ? c w
India, vlii, 298; (?) Rleu, Cat. of Persian Mss. 1, t w T # R R w f f ?tw??p^ atR ^ t w Rett mx wT?tet?
378. sitwRfwi1?'aîe?Wt?^'wt??s!W itwf? i i ? t w H , ife(?/?fe
C. Collin Davies (E.I.2)/^snft W t ct, i>ss>s wtt?et t R w t row 11
wrt^T5lR(^ WfH-^nft (^l._JLt. j.jl)Sf?1WttW ^ttit 8 ??te? WW 'W?ft ?tt twe^'Stftiit g. I
wf W t - ? T R f t W t - W i t ^ WtWet NSb^/55V, \t(\^K A Bel (E. 1.2)/ ^ttip t R
f['^, t t w t c'tt^fft w R t t w (g.) w<R?s WR? 2ttr? R c w i
wtw? f ? t t sft " ^ " ^ - f ^ , ^^twW ^ c w iNSiio R . W W filWR wi?5|f w ^ f ? l W T t w T i t R t w tw W?l?etj
^ I w t - t i ? t f (?) wtti? t ? w - t ^ - f t 5jrt t t i ? W W ^ fR cw tfltSw te?f I we? twR t w f TOT ^srfw f < .8 w f N
^siRfwte?w^^^R?iew I
wttt? ?f5'ro?rottR t w j t e t ? cttts -^^m ?stsi i t w i t R s R ?
sttr# 8 0>) Brockelmann, I. 200. S. 1. 359-6; (?)
1?t??fc ^TOf mx t ? t f R ? w f t cw?53!H? Rw1%w?^
W R R f ? w t t i , t?w, ?n?e?t ?, b<\, bh t t ; () w w f ,
ttstf ?f??ilc? I t f ? f wtw? ? f ^ - . i t t w j t t R TO i[ff wtw?
tlwltfs, tmieW, ?t., ?V; (8) t f t 'WtWf w ? - w # ,
W ? - W W t f t - f f W ReWWe?' WW, ctR >?o R . , {. iSJs., ^5ifRo??t I .ittt?tt?j?f?Wc?'W??ttRWtt?' ( w ? e t j ? ^ ^
?oo-i; ((?) L. Massignon, 'Essal sur les origines du f c t ? .trosR '5r?-c[t?tft?s ?f5Ft, ?st??TtR t?l? W??s), I r o R - t _
lexlque technique du la mystiqe musulmane, w?tf' ( t t w f Wyf? wtw? rosifWt-ira w t e t ? WE??S f ?
2nd ed., index and reff. Cites. w?cro?sif?f); W?t??iti?' ( w ? t t w w c g ? t R ? i t ) i
L. Massignon (E. 1.2) i t t f t t t t srttft 8 (i) R w t ^ f , Livre des rois. t W t . J.
Mohl, i, Preface, 7 4 R.; (?) H. Ethe. in Grunder, d.
t f t w t f ?l% 'W?!pf-?tt ( j l j ) ??ef? WiPt f t w i t I t t w i t Iran. Philol., ii, 3 1 8 ; (>) E. Blochet. Cat. mss.
W f ?ti[ R T 5 fwR ?NS ^spriWR-tw, i ? v / ? N S ^ P F T , i>siv Persana-Bibl. Nat. Paris. Nos. 121-2; (8) wtf.
W W f t w t a t e t cWRw ?? mi w?,t? R I W T O ? ttw wRwi? Cat. mss, tures, anc, fonds, nos, 3 3 5 - 7 ; (ff) Ch.
t r o t wft?-^wTOs (TTO R f i f t w ?sR?n rottRBitt R w t w Rleu Cat Turkish Mss-Brlt. Mus.. 219 'J. I
(Bougie) ^SREHt} <iit< 'jfRe^s WWJ RstCI? Wit RRW? W t w t M. Masse (E. 1.2)/ ^sjlf? t R
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Ato<?
^ Wtf^ 3j[e1lS)H ( a W t n - W l f # ) '^miH'-ia n f % A t f i ! e R mm^ t m n w f s - ^ t m R f nf4^ wm'a

A t f ^ nftmeA mmn (:mn emnf? mtn-nt?^^ 'mn-'mnfwt ntm?
5te?? ^îns^cA'st me ( m f ^ ) f n R n ^ <iiRîieAH i wieA,
^ ^ l ? m , f h r (^1 ^ ^ ) s iiiA%#R^ 'tAtn f n ^ '^:e t n m m e F n 'sif^ntfntn e f a t m w m A f f ? f n f m ^
tm C^PtSPTl? R ^ A F l i R l ^ t f ? -^sHtf^F C#Sf<Tra 4f^?iifAenF I -xptntg^-^simRf mmmimen i-sAA R. 5R5 A S i
RslSi^H mm feC^ C2|Rs A F I f S I B I f ^l<!|it m ? ^ ' t ^ Rs5"Arnsn m r n m ^ f m ig^mm 'stpmR t m n wmm'sR^
i1i RAS AF I ' m n t ^ - m A n t n 'Smn "^^5 f % i ^ *^tmrA 1 t m n m>fnR
^ f s n m m - t nn-*^ n t a f ^ 'meA 1 t m n 'm'-'imfn^-n fm^S.
^te mm AtftA n^FT ssfmteAF 'ttmem nem fnema; mf^'fvs
w H - n t M (m) m # m A i f I "Fin 'wmn, moi^ nftmeAF 8 mtAntn tnF A i m n , wtft? t m ' w t n f n n - m # n , t s ^
n m "wifn? t n n n t t n ^ i m r n n n t n m t n t l n m s w i f 'wtfn-n i mff, t ^ 'mf m n m , 'jnmn, t m m x -stAimn t m m t m n
F N m ^ m f i n ctiea TSRPtAt w n fn*(in îaiw wtn-îiRf nnt Âfulii t ^ 1

^5^^ I ^lAtn -a 1 ^ \siRn w t m ntn m i 'mt^simnmcgRfn^ 4f?rft 8 ( i ) ' m n - m ' s ^ ' m n - m n ' m f , ^s#t mm, s>n.,
^^n^r t n n m m n nt^g^fiA (^)-m Ate mn'wt^ w m Swe*t A8-Ac; (A) 'rnn-niAtft, ' o m ' f w t ^ - ^ ' W T w t , it., A A ; ( )
n m m A t s i H w F 1 1 ^ cmeas? i w r a mn'wr n t ^ A m n 'mn- - s i A t f , f n r g n - t l ^ m n , it., 8 i ; (8) 'mn-mf^'^,
^nnet R R nnflnmn^ wm'wtn t ? n f a t m n me m n ' w M w n i f m w t v i n - R m n , A t . , AS.; (<?) t m ^ i w m , 'mAsfn, 8t., it-A
mfn, S ^ . i m f ^^>tH,eA fR w t t s t A t ' n s l n n t f w T F i n.; (toJttA', ' w t n g n - ' w t f n , iptm^n-'gA'tf^^', % ^ ; C^)
w t ^ - m n m f t mtn'wtn t n n lAmnc?5 R t n W - w n ' vsniîAm 'fttnl \siAs^f<n- ?5tmn, }. i b ; ( b ) 'mn-îmn. A t . , ito; '(i)
wmf?'53nwni A T # t%Ft ^ m t f w ^c^; rnnm^s-mr ^[R, ^ itois>; (ô^
m ^ , m'n A m m mest ^ttmn R n tjn R e n F i vstme'm n t m t W - t n t n , mnim'in nimn, At., iA; ( i i ) Brokcelmann,
Rennmtm1nn>[m^Ti w i ' ^ nten ^ l A m ^ m n ânnsfn tfsfft, it., A i a I
Rm I ^stAin m'ot R m iii?5^ cmltn I n ^ R i t n ^ ' m m n " w t ^ - m ^ *Smn (m. m.t.]/ cmmesn 'mA'in
n?t*tn # R 5 Un; R^m5nteF^5tAinn?je*tn c m n ' s i R ^ n t t i ^Pft^ ^-Rlf^Sr^ (^t-,;. ,ll J j l j ^1) 8
st^r#t 8 ( i ) t n n A l w m , t m m , tnnn i ^ A v R . ,8t., <?b, (m) ^ n m m n t ? ^ ."mfwrA mm m f A R t t m (gAff^) 1 f^
n?.mn i A ; (a) t m 'wtsfnn-nmn, -rnn-tmSfmrn ( S ^ t m r n n A o V b i i n e n w ^ p t A t n ^ e s ^ . i w t m w e F n S e m c m f f n n ^ g n ctft
m R n r n nfr|i<)R5), a n . , av; ( ) t ^ m'n, w m - ^ t m ^ T s n - tfs^t w n liini mts'smn cms fmm tjtR wwn
f n m , tsnt m . fn., n . , a i v , v n . , i i ; ( s ) m m - m m f , m^s^f w n I t f n e t e n f%fF nnme n n R w n lansL ât nnne=it
'rnnmtn-niAmt,^nat 'm. fn., i n . , s i A , nvm s s a - i ; (<?) t m ABtene^ ' ^ m t mnm ? # m t t e w , tAfs n m nnrnn IF4i3<^,
^mfn, 'rnn-Rftm ^ - R A i m , tsnr i s - i v n., a, Ava; fnfw^ ('5ttm tnRîôtm) ntm? >mem i f t , l i R s t ^
(to) t ^ - w t i n , ^ n ^ - t i m , eA3H i i i R , s n . , i i v i s t w e t n nft neA 1 R R m [ m n AI<?/CS\?. vb-s.-c tf%<Ptn
^8'mn^w%i w n I
^ t t I ^ ^sfi^-ôtmRr^ ( ^ L i j j j j i j jl.1) 814 'm^m^->as ct^ a r ? ' ^ f^m^-'^^mn, mm gnnntnnt
m n ^gnrnntn t m m ^ t s ^ - w m s n mtn-nin"ft i R f n mm ^ t5'^'jf'5inf?Atfâr?(RAtAfmst)-iir3 Î'fjvo*) ^^fst^ 'meA,
^senst vAifiÂ I i/i<?o m e n 'ttmn wni mi n w m ( m m ^ f ^ v<it a n t i R 'mAmn t m m ^ (s)-ira f^^s? c t t ^mnen f ^
sTft'Sn-'m'smn) AosA^-ii* m e n <>i<i?i sj^ ('stm? m n R. t A t 'sjêntm w n 1 t n n m m (ât ate?n w S n ^ mf) n e m , w t ^
A i 8 nfnrn ^^fi^ n^mf?'^) i t s F ' w i m R s m A ' m t ^ ' m t n f n m A m ^ m R w n , 8^00 A i f A n # f upt a t ^ t i R f ^ % mt
^tAm wtmnt? mnt T^tn i f%fF n i t n ' s m e n t m f , ' i m ' t f ^men A t f w i f t ^ t e ^ i ? 5 j A ^RsicAF vftniSme c ^ m la' m?Fn mf^
nnrnn mm ^^fne ?F w n i 'tAtn m e t at^tf^ ^gnntnmfn ^ m t m e A mm n f f A n R i m 'snjfn R?m n f t A A f f m ^ e A n
^R 'ttAtn n^mn neA, n??. WSF?5 t ? t n t f tme la' m^n m f A fn^B^^f i f ^ m^ n R n t e m , 'est n ^ A i f A ' i ^ g m ,
n?.m=R ^^fnmem, c i t ^ R t n m wt-^Tmfn# ?te tnn S m e m n ^ F t ât ate?'mR"ftmen atmn ^RstfA *an e s t m^
A i f n n 4 m ^ f n ? r f f A e m i ^ m m j w ^ " ^ 5 t e ? ? n'sm'^tn, R f n t m f A n t e w i R 1 % f n R m t S m S ^ (ntRiA), nRvs S m s cmn
n ^ a j m '^pmn' -^tmrn w n ; R ? , ât n a m nfl^s ^ i ^ c^m mf^ 'STO cm^ m f e s s i m r ? ! ' s i f ^ R s ^ 1
tnntf fs'Semn
t.R.V8
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Contents
WfwltiT W r - R R t w t f (?i)
tr trot rot ?t?l(:? )i?it f f t ' 5 J f i attît 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, I' 168 %, S. I. 266 t . ;
t awtR t # ? i w t I t t t t (?) f ? ttftT-.a[? .ro ( ? ) t f ? W l % W f , t'sWt ? 1 i ; ( ) t f f t w w t , ^ f f R w f ? ,
.ii?# f ^ ^^Rw ftw? ttttc f w R t t t w t b t i ? f%f tt?t?t f R WCtCW iOffo/iisvOi, <J. V - 8 i ; ( 8 ) t f ? WWt?, t?ff
t f w w w i w t C t R ?>c?t, R f W f t f t t A t W H attt ? j R ftf? W?f?, 8 t . , ibli-i^'O; (a) W ? t f , T?fft W t w
T t f r s ? f w t R o f w ftw? I rot f w ? 9m f r o f t f - ? w w t ^ (Wustenfeld), % 1 o b - i ? ; (b) ?'t# W f W tsWtR?'bo;
W f ^ t f X T ? t t ? '^'Wwc? f ^ frortw? tft t t i w i M i ( 1 ) Goldziher, Muh, Stud, iU 250 t . ?(?(? t . ; (v) W.
ttfwTBW? f t f t t WT, WW R f t W t ct? 1 W f , w t t Marcais, in J A , 1900 [., P P . 330, 502 t . ; (!) J .
ât? w ? w ?Tf? f w t ^tc T t f ? R i R t ro?? fWTR? t e a t Robson, in MW, 1951 %, P P . 167 .a.; ( i o ) W W ,
ttftrwfâjtwR ( f W f t f t f t t ) wt I c r o w f T t f R ^ in BSCS, 1952 %, dHii t . ; ( i i ) W?-?"t?tf, t?R?t^-
c t t tror w f w R ^ f t w t w ?5?i tiTTR? t f c ^ f ? W 5 t ? ^ W P t W ; ? t . , i(?o; ( i ? ) t f ? 'Wttfro, W ? ? " ^ , .ist., ? 8 8 ;
C?5H ? f m atwt w s w ?i? w I (io) 't?WT5t-?t?tl?W, ^ . i i V ; ( i 8 ) w f t W t T O , Sjt., (?(?;
f w a t w t c ? ? w?t?t t t t ^ wtt-fttt' WTC ro?, f f t ? ( i ( ? ) Wt-t?llR*f, f W W i t fwTO, ?t., i V i s ; (i.!3) W ? - W f ' W ,
Tl?It R ? ? t f ? Wt?tC? mt, f ? t ? t w t ? t ^ 2tt?ft i t . , 'Oib; ( i l ) t f f t t r o , W?t?l^?-W?t?, ?t., >>b% ( i V )
?t?lC? 1 t W T ^ t W t t w w ? , W f w t t W t - W ? t f ? C t ? , 'C?t t f ? wft?,:Wt-f?TOT TO-f??rm, i , i t . , (?8; (iSj) W ? 'W?ft.
t j R f ? W ? ( i t 5 } t ? ] f f ? W f % ^ W t C ? ? W , f f t . i t T O R t W ' w f t , f t W f > I f?l1wff, <J. i i V ; ( ? o ) W. W. t. i t . I
' w f t t tftw ttr ^5tc W T R ? 1 f ? T W t t f ? w t w t ?ct?, J . Robson (E;1.2)/ ttTO t f
W f f ? w ? t t t f?w f^?T? i t t w t t t R at?t ro??- c ? t ? f w w ^STt^'T'tWlT (j> ,An,;^ >j-l) 8 f f ? i o t WWfc tit
f?w?5f?t.fRiT wcro i . f ^ - s i m ? ? f ? t ? ^ , ? f t R . 8 < w w R wtirc?? W W I f?t? atR tâtW? fttwt? t w
W o T f ? W W t f f .at a t r t ? t ^ 2tR?W 4f??tc?H,-f w c ? t f ^ t t w f i t , f?cw f t w f ttw t f c , c ? t t t ? ? f
t f f ? - w % t ? wt-.froRt-.ii t ? t ? test W'sw w? w i w ^ " W W W?tf*t-m atR WC?tf^Tt?lRT l i t W f WWTtt t?
t?tc W f t t t t c r o t f ? fca!?ftwft?tc?tfife'^?Tc?? I mK *l^tTOt ? T R W S f f?f? ?tf^t?' ( t ) - i J ? # W t W ? W f?t?
w ? f f c t .at 'Wt*! 9^ 9^ twcWbW t w ?t?ic? i c?tt f w cw? w w - m R ? t w ftcws f?tw? ftc ^tft?tf?ct? I
W t - f ? f ? f ( f . bd'h/i^db-), f?f? W t - f W W W W W i t ^tTt?
t t W t f W t r i t ? tC?T f t w f W t ? # TTOT.ilt WW?<? ? T f ^
i i f t t ; R t t ? stf ro??, i i w f%f W f r ? ? t s i l w t M l
f t c w w c?tw?fctt a f R t ^ f?c wft?tf?ct? I ilt - a t t W f
?5f?ww? W T O t f t f w t?c?tt rot WT ? t m ? t f ? w f w t W t T O TO?tf ^ t ? m ? T R w f ? W W t ^ W t T T O t ^WCt?
Wt-Wt^ftWf W ? f%f ^lfR^ tWCWEW ^^Rwcw i tft t ^
^siRwf f ? C t t 1 f f f f f ? W C W 5 T ? T R W f^ tc?? W W
5trt f ^ .Ît f?tfw5 f<3 t r o atR f?ctt ttTW ait*t? rot-
't?CW ^SlfCt? I
WT 11^ f?T?ft f?R^ fC3t ?fR ^twc? 1 cw? cw? ?'=fTO . a w
sttf i t 8 ( i ) t f ? f5"W?W, W W f t - W f ? , (Grunert),
W w f ? W W TO WW WTT ? ' ^ tf?f WT W I W t - f 3-4; (?) CtW.R*?, t . ; (oi) f r o f w , vOiO; ( 8 ) t f ? "W??
f???tft f w t t W W t W f I WTW f T O t i R t q W f w T O f R ?Tf???, W t - ' t W t , WWWT i o ? R.,'t., 88(?;- ((?)
^ t ? t c ? (5. Brokelmann) i W f W t t Wo4 t w f t W ? t f f t - W f ? , t t t , (?t., ?.o?; ib) t f ? ?TWI?, tWRT, 8 t . , ? o 8 ;
m # f?Wt wfc?? t w t ? Wc? ?tW f w s t f t W?tft_ W W ( 1 ) M Hartmann, in Zeitschr. d Vereins f.
ttww ^tc i i o / i b - S j ? t w attnf^-WT I W f W ^ ' f f ^ Volkskunde. v; ( t r ) J . Horovitz, Spuren
f?tT?t?tt??5CWttf?t?T2ftS . , . ,
griechischer Mlmen 31, note; (S.) W . W . t., i t . i
( i ) f T W t W W t ^ W f W W f atf ' W f t W f t ( j j ^ J . Horovitz ( E . 1 . 2 ) / ^ t t f ? TO
jj_ijj.l) i ? R. (W?); (?) W f t ?tW?t f ? t W f WW,
i i b - R . ( t r : ^ ) ; ( ) 'WWW w f t W ? T O W W T O f f f
?1?ft-t1Wp(jj^l J i . ) ; ( 8 ) W w w f (f. ovvsRO-f ?t?? t f ? TO'W, tw? fs?t?f f ? I f f ? 8o/.!3.!30 WCt? f W
W'Wftft-fW? ( c ; ^ ^ ! jUI t n); ((?) W t - f f f f f f ? W ?Wt W ? S ?5C?t m's W l i f f WCt? t w twWTO ' ^ W ? ?
ft?ro8t-^ (jjjM^ I SlJij^) I ?fc t R ? t t ro?? \ f f ? Rwtc?? ,c?Tttf%?5 catct? f t t r i t ?
W f tl^CW? nPtWf t i r o ' W t f W ? ( f . .5^.53 R.) ^î^WT t ^
WTTt I f f ? f?t? ?5f?T? f?W? ? t f ? . - C f m ? ?
^ c ^ f f ^ f l w ? , 1f?f^^W3tt1wf^-sr?tlR^t?Hro?? I
f w a t ^ I t W 5 ^ t w ^ t R w : ^ t f t w 'wsrat' 'Sttn-^l f t f r i
t t w f tt'SCW?
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Contents
Wff'WWWt-t?t#
w f -mB Wftt wR Rst t l w R - t R ' S t w ? TO m'i^cm W t - t W l ? * ^ W ? - W R t t W f - W f f W f W C 3 # w ? I
f t m % 5 R , I r o t t ?stwt '*til*<M Rwo f*wR*fT RR t w w f t ffwj^wt? f r o f f w t t f ? t ? f ? ?stw wt, c t w
c % c 5 i atw (?ff5i?it(|w41 WtTO ^pRoT wsrfrora 'smk

t t ? 5 b r "wf tw ww-m f f t w t ? f ? twf ^ w t l w?t f ? t ? w t w
WtR? t t ^ I ?5R w R w w ^5[f5(<it f w t wtRw-ii t w W w f flt W it?? f f ? W W ?5TO f s f t w TOf ^ 5 i f t ? t ?stW t t t I

W W I t R t f w ft?! WTO TO W f TOTO-m .flt tRg WfTft^ W t - W t W t t t W f t - W ? " W T O s .flt i f t W CTOtt?tf
f w t sriRc^'t, wf R R 'srtwRw cTOt tsRrrt f r o f R f t C W , " t f W f , 8 d ^ ff?WtW W f f " W f - m ?#5t ? f t W
TOftW f W f f C W (Wt-tt?f?tf, f a W f t f ? - , ?ff?) I

Wf f catrw f ^ R t W w, f r o ?W1? i l f t
TOTOf ftt# 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, S. I 58: (<^) Caussin
ff"^f4 W f T W W ' S t : ? f w ? tTOT:tf? 'WW 'S 'W?flt? de Perceval, Essai sur (Histoire des. Arabes. ii.
t w WR-fTO? Rf3? t r o t t W W R - W T O - m t?? t w 110-3; t r t w R??tfisR m tft? f % f % w ?t?ic?; ( o )
^H-'5!lWIt4--m f f R t w f < I w f ? f'wRut (?t) ?sf^ f w ? W f if, i t t?, iff? Siff-S. I (8) t w f W ? W , Wf-R*?, i ? o - o ;
f R '{fw <i<\\H R R t w ? W ? i ? f R tt<? fwjtw? ?stw

? n 3 (ff) W w n f , W t ? t t , W?t?t iOff?, it., 8S>, i i o (Wt^?sfWfR
m? t f w RWr^ttt? TO CWtTO ?SCW I R W f R - W f l f t w w f f " W t (A. D) ' W T O - T O f ? ^ - t ? W f f t t t r o ? ?4?f
f w ? ?Ro w t - T W w t w "wtf? ?wrtwt? t R o R # f

f T O ] (b) W ? f ? f f , f s W f f l T 1-8, b-b-; ( l ) C t W , f ' W f t ,
f ? w t ^ ^?tc? I i i f f ; ( V ) tw ^ 5 W ^ v t f f w f I W , io8;-(S>) W f "f, i t . ,
^ ( i ) Brockelmann, f R R t 80 c t t W t ? ?ffS>-o4i; ( i o ) W. Ahlwardt, Sammlungen, i. 8-9;
f W S??lW?f?; (?) W f t f , .bt., iff8-1o-iJ? f t f ? t ^ TO ( i i ) O. Rescher, Abriss, i, 80-1; ( i ? ) NaUino,
Wt-W?f?lf, Wt-f.3WfW?", j. 10, i l r S > f ? t ? t f t s R t w - ^ i : ? ; Scritti, vi, 36, f ? R f W w - ^ f ? f f ? c t ? t s f w t t w ,
() c t w , f'Wt, {. i i i , 8 ? ; ( 8 ) Nallino, Scritti, ? f t Cheikho W t W f t W t f t t f T ? ? 1 t f : p t WW W t ; ( i )
b-^.,ffff;(ff) O. Rescher, Adriss, i t . , i88-ff; (b) RcW C ? f fff t ? t W f f t w t ? t?f? W W ?ltc? Ahlwardt-il, j.
?sRW F. Krenkow-? tWwtf? JRAS, ii!>io {. f., 1. 27-8, 68-70; ( i 8 ) f T | f , T I W W , v i (Cheikho);
f w ?>Rw t ? f T ?sR?tcw; ( 1 ) W t - f "WW^
ioii-iff, R R ( i f f ) W t R " W , TTW.STO, f??^; (i'Jj) wr?tw^?[f?tv.s ^TO
{. i i i ;
x s T O t - f f w t W ^ , Wf-R*? 'cWf-'s'WW, % ?ff; (S.)
( V ) t w t W W ? f t ' 5 - ; ( i " ^ ) G- E. von Grunebalim, W f f'Wt
Wt-'W?f, it., i 8 i ; (io) R t ^ W-Wf, t., brV 1 , W t - t ? t f - m f f t w t t f C ? ? t?it?, WZKM >h8V, iS>ff? I
Ch. PeUat (E. I. 2)/ ^ttf? tt? Ch. PeUat (E.1.2) f T ^ W f t ? ^ W t ?
wn^ 1îrt ^^Q#t!P ? 0. w^f?5' c?) \ '^n^TJ^ (<:,L^j ^ 1 ) s (W) W t - W ? W f W t - W t f ,

<ii4aî? (t)-ii? w w f fIctt I fttw, m w ? W t W f f w f w
Wft^ ^'wfTvf TO-^:?lTfr I J iJ >^ I) s^NsWtW, t f ? t t t t f f ?

( ^ j L i V
ff?f5W I wt t t f wW t f f w t ? t 1 ? f W , t W ^
^W?R?Tt ^WI W T R W 'tfft-TTStWtW (sitW TWWtW t w ill^l? TO 'tf?tft,R?w ?t'!i^|1l f f ? T O ? t W ?|i|i|| 1 cffcas?
tfff-W?f, f? ts? t r WfW-wltt?1t Wt-W?f? TO % , (B. W f t t w t W t t ctftat w ^ t WW I f f W t j f t a t f r o W t f w R t
t w f W t W , Wf-R*?, j. ??i!>) I Wt-f?t-? f w i f , W f t f I ttwt f?Ct?

W m t - T O ff? W tw f ? W ' t f f f t " ?
fct? ?sR, f w ^ f R w t - f f t " ? t w Wtt-WW (Wf. t w ' W t ? - m It f t t f f W t w t - ? f f w f f ^ c w t ?
ffo<!irffff8 ^.y m t t W W w , R R f ? w f w ? W^tftS? W f fwtw fIctt m w ? w ? f c?tw I f f ? twtw ftw W t

w ^ T O ? 5 Rf.^ W W I 'W?W WWR w f f"Wt ( j U ^ jLi.
fftftfRTO f R w W f f?t w w - i f c w ? t ? w f t ? w t fttf f w R
jijj\j_,i) W f f w c t ? fRc?f? wT?[ fiiRc?f) wwft ?t?t ?j?tiwi ct?, ? t W ' 5 t w wtftcw fi?iTO, ^ 5 # W ? t t w f T W I i l f t t R ? ? t R f T O f t w f?T5I? t f f t -
W f f"Wt mm tst w t f ?T1^ W R W (Protege) fIctt I ' W ^ s W t ?ct?, t ^ ??lR ( W ) ( t ) - m wft W f f W ? f w t
.at tgt^ ? T R fIctt wt-ftR"? 'srtw w t - T t ^ t w Tiwt b i ( ? ? i f | = i t i , f f f f f ? w w w w fww W f f W t W W t w TO

R?W W ? t w (<-.>i-) I ff?Ct? I t?ft wft tt^Jf TO TO ?RWt,,"Wft f f f ^ ^ W
?5f?Wt? CttWT? ? ^ fWC?? WW W f f'WtRtTtw fIctt J fw? f f tpJ, f ? i ? f ?stf? mi. f?t?
t i f f W - ? c W f ( W f t t ? )
sTsnrWWCt? t t w ilt w t ? ? ?5TO f f ? ^w?t

f f w t flWt, t f ? f w f t t
I W C B t W T O T O f T O t ? f 5 f f t W f l W t ; f f f
t t w f ft'^tft?
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Contents
wrl^flnt(?I)
wrsffw nr 9m wt^nwhiw atmn ^fiw-t i (?tRt cn Sm mm R wtn-Rftm 'sntn-f^mm, 'S??;^ is<\b- '^., n., oi^, an., ito-i<\;
w ! 'msgtn mtin 'iimn ^ J Q O H V ; oifînin cn mn mn|t (to) t ^ - w t f t ? , Sn^-nim, cAmn i ^ v t o ft., At., oeA; C^)
mft? ?5Rn ^tîc^ tfnmn ?5fsn i ^mnmnnt nfne^ mf^, 'wi^ tnffn ^rnncn^ntf, ^fm^-ptmni, cn^n^? i s o o ft., At.,-
gwtm ttn|t mft? ^fsmr? i 'mogi? f^wr^ ?sfmm A o o - A o i (b-) t ^ R ^ , wpf-f ?l^'i-ntntfn'm, ^??i'5
<pf5(. <pf^(. ^(sjn? ^^^Tg on., is. I
V5G'm?^w%t
^sft^ "g^rt^ (^_ijJ ^ 1 ) g fnwt? t ^ gmnftn wtn-mn?t#
4 U I ^
wtn-ntn^'^, w t ? n i f n a t w ? ? nRsff?'^ i ^ttm?#?n
J j ^ j j j j ^f?c? nnatnn Scanprtnr 'mf?^ fin m n? t n n wt^ntn c^.
"mmcvs? mmmt R?s? mtm? nf mim? f n ^ oi/s.8o)-vii? mwc^ c*tcn? fnc^ nnn f%fn ^mm nnffc
!^:c m#m? ntmc^, wtfn "gc^ nnmen ncn? ctnrncn ntnmn wtnnn w n i ^ttm? m?nT snct? f???ct oi-8i/s.8o-eA
mf%n m I m^cn? wmRmm t ^ mftn S^îtm nten? nmntf ^mm? nncn? t f ^ ttm mn i wt^ gnts^-va?
fm" I . mRtne fnmen ^ttm? ^mn?s flenn wt^ wf^m? I A T ^
tm? 1? % f?m^ ffn t3['JnCTH ncm 3ef%m m?5n, n^'t3F wtAmtn (fv^ wtAimn t?n 'smimn) ntm? mw^^mn fin ooi-<2-V
fn?n I 'ttm? 'o?mfe fnce mm m\ ^^t-m-m ft ft'f j>aA-too I ( n m ^ o\V^b\)-vii? cnn^ ^ttme^ wt^mm.
t ^ ctn I ^stn w m R nsn?<=f ?sf?m ntcn-t i Globe trotter' (f?t tf?atW?s) mf^nsmc? ^ttm?
^c^ m tntc? tapnt m^âtA (n)-c?5 fnfnm c?#cn mn nftm Sean ?sf??tem i wt^-m'wtfnft ^tim? ntftnT^-mm
^^stt? t ^ (m) 's wt^gisftm (m) Sm a i f ^ (mint^ on., i<\to-s.a)-vii ^ttme^ ^^^yrtft? t n m ' ^ t n n
w n I tmc ipr "wtn (m) mmm^ n?n ?5c?n mi m\ gwtm n^ 'wt?#T (oAto-be/s.ob-s.e)-'ii? ns? #?cn5 cte?? fne^SCSF
^?tm wtmârt^ m i f%fn m n ^ i ^ (n)-iii? nfm n?5n '^c^ n t i ^ ?sf?ntem i wt^-m'wtfnf Sean w n , mi gnt^-va?
w??^f <f??iflcnF 1 'mmmn^K? ?'fnt?sift fIcnn atmn mntmn-va? '^tf? wf?int^,
^ v^msnim ^ntn-va? Aîitc? 'î?n?iiAt^ mnn fnctm ntf'Sn-nrnm C^. os.b/ioo<\) cn f n mfmf? ffn
t?n 'wtfnm 'smA'f t ^ m?n-ia? nft Rfn tlf?s ficnn m%. t?en? (nt^j; ntmn) mm m?e^ ? ^ nRmflenn, mm wtn
(mmm?) T[c^ f ^ mmm^ ??n w n I *iiR<ic<p '5^ <pRaifl'=i I Sm S^ptnn wtn-Swtf? "^fnm? w ^ ^ t
f%fn ficnn mm nfng m R i âtwrnt m^âiA (n) m^j; ?f^ At?lf|n fnfn '?t?'-'ir? m^ mftT5C3F^ nnrn flenn
nt^.cmis2r? n t n (mm c ^ n p j ^ ^ (n)-'ii?t artnr fin) (tm#stt At., Abe-bb) 1 ^m?m? ? s f ^ t^mnf? nitnjt wt^
wtnntncm nm ^5tc5 c^?n'timc^ A3 i t ^ tnn ^"ntnws atmn T^\pf fnesit atmn ^f?ntc5n, i
^wn I ?lt=i?iiA (n) "S^m t?n nT?ntn-va? nft >tiAlc wt^gnt^ cn ^mmw Sew^ ^ttm? ctcmfn^
m^sc^ ? ^ wt?^ w n I mnn t ^ wtnntn'ncnn, cmnw? fnmm Ssn'f ?sf??tc^ mi ntmm Sme ^ ^ msni n?,cmn
wt^îmm? cRim îci? mt? mfncf^ i 'tiAic^ fw^stm n^t ^n; ^R?tc5n'ttmen? tfnM 'm!Tt?f? 'sii^ i '^ttm? attn fnntntn
cmn cn?s '^sTtrM-iii? ncntnc^ wttm? c^mm lann S'^n nf4 'mcA, ^?c*? ntnmA ?nfn t n n mfn-ia? ^^mm
cnnttccA?' ffn S ^ fncnn, ^mw mit^ Rsgcmtr mn nlFiiiI^n at^nmtwtf gcn? ncsf f%fn ^ n ?5f?ntf|enn i
'wtnn wtm? mt i î?^ *tc*cA, wtfn ?5?tiT'Q c ? ^ ?5!?ti mn tVIarquart (Strelfzuge, 88-90) ntnntRne^ t f % n
m I wt? wt?f? ^ccA, "gnnntnci? wm wrsn? W5??5?t f n ^ i" Sn?-?tcw? ntwmf ? t o (Kan-Cou) nfnrn nm^ ^ftntem i
ntfnn men wtm? m ^ mm fin, ntm? ntc?? ntn fin ^ n ten mif^ ?sf%'tn ^ cmeat? mn ntmem nRfln
wtfnm I n%tf'smtmcnwn3t?f?^5im???t??mt5H?ftnicAi ?5f?nteAn nftm mfn ? ^ w t ^ gntn^ msys f?îtn'mcn Scan
a f ^ t f t 8 (i) t ^ miwt?, wtn-tnim, fnn? ioAb- ft., sn., ?sf?nicm 1 mnmRn Ate f%R AM.f?5m (Kiia), mn (kra),
eir-es., n^trt ( A ) wtn-mmtt, 'mwffn wtnnttn, ntAim ntnn nnn w n i 'mogt? fnf^<3tc? ?sf%'tn 'mmfn '^tcm mn
2??;^ m. fn., it., A^b-, ns^trt, ASS.*; ( ) t n n m'n wtw Sean w n mi ctn nn^ #mmen Snfw m i Grigoriev.
wi?t?5t^-'f?m, ^??iw, 'm. f?., on., ee^-ee^ îs, s s i , tVIarquart -a von tVIlk ât snct? 'mfs? a f ^ (^mm
8<\A, <2<2J^ At., db- ( 8 ) t ^ 'wtnfnn-nt??, wtn-tmitwtn, T^c ntnmfnn %tin-iii? cntwt m^ ?jtw Stnfw; f??icA't i
^ tmm-? mf^fntn nRc?f*i^, an., es.; ( e ) t n n ?stf?, t ? ? ^ mm is>ae ntm M a r q u a r t - i a ? nm A ? .
tnntf Rêmn
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Contents
Wft5Rf?m's?nfw Wfw^^NR'S?rttw
W T - R ^ R W O - m t^f%RrP5 RfWftWsI W f feffPW . ^ . i s o i t w R R cftrR ?5tt ?swwi? 'w?ft ? w f ?

W R T O ?W TO I WfWOT ?lRw tt^tirfW Re?ttCf ^?JTtf tW w f t r o ?stRt I i<off R RTOsf?R?flf? RRTO
t?f R*iHI "siffaR m? m t w t w ? ?WT I w m W f ^plTFW Rlt?fRi? w ( j ^ t w Rf^ W f R ^ t ? t? f?fat'tf??s?i?f ^sifttf
t r o ffam sibRÎ ^Ric^t ?? i R t f w - m t ^ f w t f ^ t f w s s t t f t m i R t t t ( W R I % t t f l t t arwxR? âfft, ^ t f ?fWRT%w
RTOH ( ^ ? t i W T ilr8ff,R1t. C. Schlozer, t I l f t ? ^ . - R ? ) wtt ^t? R?tt RtRgttlR?),tP''fi^ ?? I W 8 t ? TJtft, blsfft
^tc 1?!%^, #t W F T O PiwICTttJ I WI]Rw ^ t % Witt 1ttt Rtt?1tt t t R t t t f t^l?f>lf^wt ? S W W
Rrorm wwmtw rot TO .fm W W (ff%^ i f w tft ?f I t f f l R ^ffR sê w t ? afrit? t^g tR
TOtj w?wR?t) W f w:=f? i w f t ^ ' f t fsts TOsfttttttf t^t?tttfR5rotw (R^rofRtwrot t?ffR
m?, (R*f i f f f&Wfw R S T O RRW f ^ ?%tc?, TOI? w j w T f w w ) - m ^*iT^ t w R T R t t w R r
?wtroTTOi ife?i tRtt%TO .ii^geroRRtRiR (i.E.S.) tft m i
artfit s ( i ) F. Wustenfeld .Des Abu Dolef Mlsar R f t ^ tTOT' tRtt?e fR T T I
Berlcht uber die turkischen Horden, in Zeitschr. iSsoff t t t tR TWT t t t t r o Rft?TTO ^ ? T ^ t W f?t%
f. vergl. Erdkunde, 1842 f 1 ? f % ^sifWt); (?) ? ? W t t f i t R Wt?e? f R R t l t W ? 1%W? RtÎftWtf ?J?tT R
C Schlozer, Abu Dulaf Misaris... de itinere suo ^tw t r W m f t w f t t ?^ Rstfw f ? t ? I f t i R t RiRt
aslatico Commentarius. Berlin 1845 (wi W R W ? tft?TRT t*fW ?J?t1? tfWatt^ f t i t t f ? f tet? f t e ^
?t'?s^-r5? w w e t ) ; ( ) V. Qrlgoriev, O b arabe, w t ? W s T S RlffbW 3t?T t t t f f t l t I ?t?t f t t R Wt?tW? ?ft?
Puteshestvennike... Abu Dulcif, in Zumal Min. RtTw #?e?? art? t?st Croat ft5R t??t? at?tf f t ,
Narod-prosv.'. 1872 ^.^ i-8ff; ( 8 ) Marquart, f C t W t ? f ? t J l t W t i e ? # W t T O RTTOt t w t W t t C?TtJ1?
Streifzuge 1903 %, 18-Sff; (ff) id.. Das Reich Zabul tTt<>ilS'siiCt R>itR ?t?lfli I w ? f t t t t r f tfw? cff? f t f R
in Festschrift E. Sachau. 1915, 271-2; (^b) A Von R t t t 11ft f t R t RtfW f i t R RTRTOW? a|?ff5 R w ?I?tlCf
Rohr-Sauer Des Abu Dulsif Berlcht uber seine ?sf|^?(J* (?t G o d l e s s ) RW?tRm atTlfItt f t ? ? l f ^ r W f ^
Reise nach Turkestan. China und Indien, Bonn ^ % t f T O e R . f t <J?1J.I? 'f'^fC?Tt aj?t ^ | ^ i ^ R?ftR
1939 (A. Z. Validi-Togan ff<is wRf TOtTO W # t R W f f t j ê ? t ^ w t f f s t t t i t t afctet? tft?ttt t*tw ?j?tf
ITck H. Von Mzik ît afc?? WWlT5?t sj^nf, OIZ, aft? w t f ^ tt^tlf^ I R?ff? Rtt?tTO f c t r t e t t f RiWe?? ttt?^
1942, 240-2, R R Rohrsauer-m R w t i ^ R5)%?wt? atR at?t ft?R Rf, Rstl RttffTO atR ^ ^ N f t J a l t ^ ft?R 1 R W
f H W f ^ t fR?TW?); (H) V. Minorsky, Ladevixieme f t R t t f T O t^*tw? t^<s,tt i^cw m i #?e?? t r o t cw3t
risala d'Abu Dulaf, tn Orlens 1952 23-7; (b-) id., ^ t ? " R f t t e ? ? R W R Rtwew t t f ^ r . t t R f t R RT^tTtT
Abu Dulafs travel's in Iran (4l^Wl iSff8 fR)-^! 'swfttef t j f f R f R t ittt?iRtffw?r?tt?'5?'f^w?tt?rottt
Ril? Rrot? TOtTO froiR ?TttjTtT?f??t?:? 1 twt?? a t f t w ^ t afT5I RtJT? afTO C f g R tRf^fct? tCRWtJ
V. Mlnorslqr (E.I.2) f T ^ R W R s t ^ f t t f anett^f ( < j ^ i t W R i t ) R?ffe?? te?T??taiJw twR R T O ?
^ S I T ^ R ^ "5^1^ 'QTrrfhT is^j -> n j^l) 8 ?lt??t ^ t w t I ttRW t t f w it?T Wttte Rt1?CRt, C?#? R?fT?
TO^ t T O t - w w t % ? f R t l?t? W T O aiWW ( R w t RTC?) W t T O . f t t r o f t b w w t w f w R t I RSfjartcbj w t t fftf-t?e?Tf
ib-1? ^. W J T t ?se?? 1 tjf?} 1<<MR t ^ R i m ? ivjs? t J t t - t t R T t t w t w<s,t?wt cwf?TO W m i f?ew t T ? R i a j W
. m ^ TOf ro?? I W 8 t ? RwS f?tR ttw ?!ww ^tc W ^ f t t R RfRfCt? Wftwear t i t I f?Tl w1w5 ??, ?lWt?tf
W t R (t^ Rt?jR?5) f f l w TOt fR?f fRwwf catRroR fWCW f t ? e t t tt^sRttt ? t f e t ? te?t??R ?tfR ?t?itli i ^ t T f
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if. R1^ RTs ?5t?? I ifw^jf R R wwtfs? TOC5? t ^ - f R t .WW fT? W? ?? R t t t J t f t r o Rtf^ ft?!?pT I
% r r 3 atww? RR?f# mm tilwRlRt "wRit f r o wftfR ' ctet tft??T R R tTt?tRT. t*fw Riwe?? msft arrot ?5?f
R f t f t t t i t t W ? f t Rt??fW? R f t 'w?ft, ?nR t R R l f ro?? I t r ? t t f t t t i t ^ t t t f f t t%w? Rt?w t i e ? # WIRt ^
^-R^sfw? R w tfw .?5w? I tf^stftt w t f t ^?t??f? ft wet W f R f t^tw? R t ^ RtW, Rtre W f R f ^ - f f ^ t e t ? w e w f
?tR tti? fR?tRRt m i tt'Gtttf f t WfTO R?K^'w?f TOf tfw ft?c Rm cwt f t R t t ^ f c f WtTt? R f ? "^f^w R T O i
ttRwi WTt?f?=f fje,tR tfw ?5f??tflW? I w s tftrow ?T -i^s I R ^ i w c a .a^ n f w s i t f t f%t tt^wtt
t t t t f Rscft?
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Wt^m?\IAWl'S?]1%
?t1%m (JStt WAWH (Rl t A t W ItsR <pfi<?l? WTf R R #nm? mttn tf!<'M mm mi -tif^-tri m A mtA? mff? c t t ^ i H fR
'srfwt??^ msi Wfii)lf|cii 1 lit ?ncsf srt'snHt? atttn '^ftn^s nntf?Ân 1
*(^c*iif R m m ^ nsntn n # g ^ , nsstn tsim ttn^ m'smm n t ^ -^5^ JIMîRV 'H\4^ mft! îwp? *e?4!t5
n^m'Zmn n m w # j : 5 t ^ wm? wrin mm ^Fwgn A ^ w t ^ f n ^ n w e - t ? mn f n w cnm "^tn % ( i ) f n g ^ f ^ n wtmn; ( a )
st^^ -giRsi cm^ I 'Bijtf? c?Rwtf? srcBtm ^^tRw ?^ ?i<5?iî-mtm?; (O) m m f n g n - f w t m r ; ( 8 ) n t m R ^ f w t w t ^ ,
srmrnm^ tp'lRs mmtm? ?it tfetA '^Rn n?4ii? mmm m i n . A t . ; (*) ^m!in-S=3n, i n . An., I
w I f?Ptt 3i?<Ml? c?>i?4ifi mHyritc^^ A*imR<f t^'i^Rl^c?? 7fR^ t n m f fn'Semn
mm S|R ?3m A ? I i<Ai ^. m^ R^Rmm arRRo
tAtc 'wi?f t n m R ^ %tRw mn^ iii?# Rmt ^ m\ A ?
(5. wtn-'mm%)
m\ ^*fRs v)iH?tm? maitt tniiPi?' tî^f^tftociit; (S^
mmR^) t f ^ mem t ? ( m >it Rrntt R ^ RsRmnc?? ^sn^'STW.'^ ' f H ( i j U . j_ii) s wi^. iitm'e?s?t
R.if). ift?i, R ^ m <pR(.^ m t ? , \siSfi) itt Rmtt? n m m c t if?f5, me??st nte^? ^ SRmt? mem gntm? flem 1
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w R R ^ t>\s?j<)itt i&Ai ^^7: i>Si.A % ^ Rmtt? ^ ^'^srtTR (._.. . j_,i) s w H - - m n - n t m ^ ? m R
w?Ttms R m f ? atmtm I O T mf?Rs mRm tm? m*iifip wtn-'^gpit^ A t f A m a ^ c ^ R m f n ^ w m m m nf (w. ioo/s8b,
mR? m m w n 1 15. AS* m m n , Ais./ir cne'?^, b o 8 ) 1
lilt 9m ti<i?i? wtmn ?^ ? ^ t ^ ^gmim tR?tt?? f ^ ?i^=j[?itA (n)-iii? ntAtff w t n A i (m)-'ii? nfnnte?? fnî
R ^ t t 5ttwtt? tnmR^ Wt^R^F RâfAt ?sR!ft #?m i ^ j - ^ ) f l e m i fR '^mte nmm '^f?en liini ntr?f ntr?f
ajRik w#?t? ^[tmt m W R I ?rtnmn-iii n m ^^R^sn 1 cntnten iii?s?i? t ^ ^-Trf^
RRn^nemmn's^RmmRsRfjtnt?? c?!f?, litmroR^ ^tAic mîr? afAt ? # ? t f l e m 1 gmm-'ii? a t ^ -mn fin mm
'mSftn 'ii?sRRSR ^mSRtm m m Rem 1 R f m n RR- ''mm I tAt? m ^ 'mtng?-?tA'nR (mm ' R A f ? ' o 8 - i i
wtfms RsRmm cme??>s m m R m i s . i 8 - i * ^. m^R ffBrn Sfff^ ^?wR-iii? m m msfmrn) îin^ m c'ftai mtA'ntn t m
1
R # m i m ?tR5 A? 'sm R R Sm? mt?ft. twlPi* ^tRw fm5i-'^ntnnt?tntni

Rmet? tR^mt a i ^ ? ^ I mt^^'wtnn A i % w ? l i i w R w'srs f ? ^ ? t f f (^J\S) ? f n m
m ^ # ? e m art? "^c mmm ?itttg gtfm 9m ?j<?.i f?t?f5w t t m nte?R I nff? 'mtm'Rt n T e ^ ' ^ t f v n l
i?m? mtemnem mt ^'seanôme? w f ^ f l e m fR i<i
1 ' s w m R n e t ? ^[^tfnntn fmmn ^ neA, ît nmem nrF f % R
^tc arte<#t^ m w ^^s^^ t f ^ f?R^ f*t^ ?!R1?? nmAen? n e f c? n f n t ^ atrp^R ^ ^ f m t f l e m , c n t w m S ^
mim?iet ^ m m:^ 1 tAtem m:m ^ t e m t i ^ s art?m ?stm 1 w m n r ^ fR mRt? ' f ' m t T ^ nfnrn
( i ) Earle ?R^Fle?R-iSoi-b-; (A) VlH?l>ll ?sinf? i&o&-io;. ne^fAmwn An 1 a?? "mt^ (m)-'<i? atR^tm? e? emma^mm?
() Mohammedan Education Advisory (Homell) fin mm R R fmi ?5f??if|em, nfms ^jmte mften, 'itm
^^fnR i.&i.-o8; ( 8 ) East Bengal Educational ( R t n n s R c?sR ^ ^ R . f | 5 i -i;fT I R R 'mtfftf^nen? n ^
Systems Reconstruction (Akram Khan) ?ifnf&- 'mifnn?n?TA?sRen ( S n t A n t ^ n t m m'n, on., iô; 8 / i n . ,
i.&8&-3-i. I.: AO, 00; * n . , toto, Aoto-b- mt^'n-^mtw ^ - t n - s F t A t f ,
'p'fR mmtm? mfecm mftm ^t? wm wt5R?s^ mtfê^ " n t ^ T f ^ ' ^ - ^ m f n R ^ n " mtm iotov/i'S8s., 8 ^ %) 1 fR
m n m ^ nfw mm? m ^ ^ ^ n??^nen ^stm? ?eft 'simm ^ ' w t ' f f 'mR?r% n w R f n ^ n n r n e n w t ^ nmfn
?fA?ieA I ^ttm? wtm*f n^Rf mmm nAmtfwtte??^ >it f l e m t 'iiAt? ne? attest mt^'i1n?->ii? w?f?S n?t?? wtntm
^mrw f%s? mâmm cmiit?tfl=i 1 ^ttm? SmA-S^mm wm I f?55^^?n? ' m t ? ? t # m n ^ (Governor), f n R c n t nne?
'^?f'mt?% ?sf%m m e k mtm (^'mtm) wtemR I R ? A t m m t % t n#?n mtn-^'iRn->ii? 'j? n t f ^ m m c m mt
i&Ai *i?'Mf? m?sR "^te m?m ajAt w n mi (fifth cousin) f l e m , ^(mra wtntm t^sitm? cm 1
fncnetJ mn ^m?c me?R 1 fR mtmn attenf^ nrn^ i^f^mfn^nct? n^ n?t n j f R wr^^'wtnn-iira c m n ? m t ? t
nf?nem nnrn fn?tfS lit??, f^^^tnffnmRâtt^m î^^^pînn mm m'sm m? m 1 nen a ? W9t a t m n - # ? f fmnns m
1
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t n n t f t f?'{temn
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W f tpnw w - t w i r f
I R R 9m two cfH .^R?rtw ft aiwf row tit! t f f .fit twc? W?-?1Wf (?iv) WTO t^ t cfttt row I
rot "troRs"- (??i) 'ifWfR-titiiw'', i f 5 t f * t - w R ' ^ t ? tc?i tiw R?iwTO nw CT5 t f t f r o
tltftt Rt-Rw?" t t t f t f t Wftm tlSFfS w t t t i a F i ^ m t f?g?tf W f 'W?ttW? t f ? tttw (% Brockelmann,
^ f t R fct? fsRoi tRsi t t i f fRiic? I ' SI. 281) f f i p f f W c ? tttcwffe ?? ms, fR-mt .fittR
att*"^ ( i ) t r o t f X .jjf., % ?is. ^ tt; (^) f t t i f f , twttfWC?^ Waj5| ? ? I f t t c f ttW?tc?? tttwf-^^t ?ttf
w t t t t (Goitein), (t% f t t % ; ( ) f W f ) , W f f . , ?lWT?1t1t rotwt 1 WTOtTOWf r o f t w w t wt rcroww?5|#fc i t
S ^ i ^ J s R , 8 / i f., i i V ; ( 8 ) t ^ t f W t t l t f w R F , ?.J3?;
R?g w? rol? TO f f R f c ? ? 'ZttTWttf tttwtttc ^"w?
i ? i ,
i<t) wtttD, R?^; (.JJ) t t t R t T O , Rwiw f l ^ R R cWfWt

wwe? WW ttw t f t w wsit row I ilt t t w w W f
t1TO-.a f w s W?Ctw , ?S>S>ff, f 3 t ?S.?f.; ( i ) W f t f i ,
f'W?t-m WtTt 'WWW' ? t t W TO fW;^5t?t W W I

i8f., i i ; (b-) t w # S ,? ? 1 ; (S.) Wt-flfft-TOtttf, W f t
t t f t r o , t W M i 8 S . / i S . v 3 i , i ? f . , 8.j3-ff ( i o ) '^l?H1-flf
1;
W?-W??lf(%.Brockelmann, S. 11. 763 f) t-Rt f W ? ,
W t - W t W ^ , Wtit, in MSOS As. 1904, 189-93; ( i i )
W f f'W?t-m ^sRwcf? tsjsit t t t w t t t ttsw fc m i
tl^tft, ^WFTW, (Wustenfeld), i f . , v?; ( i ? ) ctff, f T O l l ( W f W ? t?'BtW .fff?f tl?t TO t .
fl'SRR, CWfWf t1TO-.fl ?two, WTO , ^ S - i o , I f , f 3 t W f f ' w ? t - m f t R'i?i*5,i-'W^ttw' \sw 't<i4'i^=i-
i f 8 t s - i 1 b r ' f;( i ) tWTlWt?, W??ft,TOtTOtt R.,
i ? f f - 1 W t # ? t (WTOt iffi/iS..o?-ioffl/iS.ov) 8 ? ? / i o i t t e t (5.
brf., ?1o-'i3 I : i o f . , 8 p V ) tW^ Wt I ? f t t f f T O ?^:tRww R ^ ?sf?C?
Fr. Rosenthal (E.1.2)/^TO? t?tef;^5(t?[f? f ^ f t f fRfl? WW tftsttjt ?5?t fRtttlct? I
f f r o trot W T O t t-^W? f W ; ; R R f f f f t ? . fj,fRf
W ? ' T O t f t "WtttWr t f t tt?"TW ftt t f t t w t t RR^W? t c f f f e w , tcftfR ' f w ' f t W . TOt Rfg^-;RW?f
Wf-WR't, Wtl ttWWCt, TOftt *so'i3/wtf-C?^3flR 58v ( t f t weW5?irow I f . f t R w . t ^ E ^ . t f t . w ? f f . - f : W w t f ^f?
fttlwtwf?t o 8 , t?fif, f t r o , ^JsT^, o) W ttft<f? m w R .ft W W m i cttww R??-?aw, wt-.wtw?
? i f T O T O l ( t f t fttlWt W trW?, W f C t l t T O , t o ? f t < t l ^ t f ? ^^ We?1f f r a ? ( i f., ? 0 , ? ) I: ? t f t ?
fttWit, Ttwf-fff, ? o f?1?Wt) 8 o / ? o w i l t ? , ioxsb- I w f w e f ?tt?te? f f f t w Re?t5 f f bsii w? ^ t t f i t
t ^ T ^ WWIotrp Rw?t f t f w ? WW f?TWt twt f f P ? T R (ftWf w f I ^;^twe? f w w - t
mw? fRWT f ftct? I t f t t ??Jt? tCtT f stt t t w t f?et
f
Wt^^-il? ?sttf w f W?t W?t f f t t W >s w f " W i ^ 1??1TO
f??itlctt (tf? WtlW?) W f f ' w t t Rw?rt-wR?n ( i f .
I
TOWt?f fW? W ^ f e ? e f ? f W t ??? ro? i attft ^?it?
8 ) f c t i?ic<pf? w t i ^ fttw f : g f ff??ir?f ftw^ I ' f r o
.fitww Wfs tt?lc?, f t f W f f ' W f t ftwe?? ct,...' I
mw? f t ?]R tlct? (W'fps, f t r o , 8 f . , .388) I t f ? fC3f? W t - f W f ? ii?wi-m tesf tw? wfw ?tt?le?, cttftw 'sf
?? ?,t? t t t ?tct wt?f? . W t - ' i p f ^3 w t - w t i ^ - m tit? w f t twRo ?t?lc?, f ittf w ?<=f?t f t ? w t ?1tett "bct I ffst
fR'Ul t^tttct? R ? ^ t?wi R w ? ?i?tt W W I odb/hbH ttt we?, W f f'wat ttew ..fit f t f ^ f W f w t t t t TO m i
^tc t f t t?w, ttw? ^ fTOit-.fl g t t ?sRw t?t3 ttw f t w c t t ' ^ 8oo f w w t?faF roW;) ft^li^^^ffi^ t ^ - t ? f t
w row I f t cbtBf ?et? ?i? t f ? cf^ T l f r o w f c f ? wiit wt'af-m,tlf<s?t^-wif^.-e?j??^?te?i.v. ^: '
?ttw f w ^tc? I f?t? t t t t t i w Wt-wft? Wt-Wf w f i t f r o f ^ ? f t ' t ^ ' ^ ' ^ ' ^ tt:?iwt (ed. s.
t f W f row m i WTO t^ftf?'fTO?scw ( W f f WfTO, Dedering, .Leiden 1931), t t W W W f ? TO WfR
i?f.,8 o 1 , 8 i ? ) , W ? - ? 1 W f W t r f t f i5lf3if t w f W f wRfcfg, Rcft;.ft a^^-f ?TRfct? #?f iftlS?
row, tff w t - t i ^ w Wf5-w t?tct? crot ? ? ? f B t?TO f stt w e f t i e w f t t w w f fTO? f c w t ^ ttwt ?'Ri f W
?TRfct? # ? f f c t w?t? TO w ^ W W t t I ft wc?, .?t?il? I <ft f??e?? t f ?TOWf ? t ? f f t f f e ? f w t ctfcro
f r o tw -^tc T t f ? t2t?wt?TO? t^wt t i t f t ? W R 1 f r o ?tbftsf^(^- Dedering ii, viil-x) i .ft^sR W W t f t
. ?C?lcetJ^ t t W t t w W t - f W f f?t? ??t ttw ^ f ? tf?Te? f W f trot, WffWT ( t ) - m fSRew #?? trot,
t ? I ? f
mw? f f ?tR f t w m t t ? i f ? t ^ 4R?tc?H (wTTOi- f t t f , f t R i t wmw ? i f ? - m . t ^ t w W f ^ ^ r ( t ) - m

^ - f l r o t , f t ^ - W f t - ' w ? ^ t f ? 'WW') I W t - f t f ? , t?R :fstt w w f w w w f tw? cft^ ^ tr^ tTOi f e ? ffiR c?r5
W t - f ? f ? tc f w ? ^ fat? Wat tlctt, f w ? twwrtwt c?r5 ?t:5?wt f r a ? I tft-twFt?t?-.fi WW TO; w'f;-m:Wo
Wwtt?? itsiti C?, 1^ tWW*Cf W^tWC? f T t W^WRct? 1 ^tg^rtf (i f., îsv) f r o . t i r o p'TTO-.ir^sHf^ i
ttwf tfStCW?
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Contents
5r?t#t 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, S . I. 6 1 6 f; (A) nt'^'^s -m^ ^ n i e m me^ fm%s n4m mm mn; n4m
f n < ^ ; ( o ) t m ttIsl<t>H, <M?Wl, n i O A ; ( 8 ) SlAlf ÂlsR^l^n- 'spjmf vfAtn isimf? ^^fnmn megtft mn st^nt mmn 'trme^
^ R ^ ; A t m m m i o o 8 f A . , o t . , A1(f-1>>; (<f) ^ ^ f , ^rnm^F^ m\ A S mi'^ a t t e s t 'stmn ^ neB i w m ^sM?
^ r H r ^ i ^ - t # % i f , mm i o A 8 fA., i - i ; (to) t t R t % - w r 5 - n<fm w^[mf wtn-m^mt's-'iin f m R 'f ^ nfmtenn tcA ffn
i5i<ir4-i^n-'fmt, mm i o j x ? ft., i t . , <}-to; ( i ) t r a n - t n t H , ^^jmn w n i îit nfrntmn nft, f^ctn t^*Ji'*fn t m mtf
timsT, o t . , A8(f; ( V ) nmtAif, wtfn' <t>Ni4<itii wfQfmt.nsmcsit T^rtAn mR-mmn#s nft ^fttn 'rifn nf^ f i n i 'mm ât
iOA5>,ft., i t., AJ>0 I nme t n m ' % n ^ nn%5tmtR5 f%^ mf ^Rm ?5m '^pfse
J . Pedersen (E.I.2)/ ^sffip ^
'tAte^ mm cm mt ( f ^rnn, i i i <j.) i ^gwT?,nT^smnitem mm
^ ^ T i m ( ^ i j j . j_.i) 8 wtn-Aintn t m A t f wtn- ffF fnA ^memm^ Sf%; isM? 'nmtn, fnem's mnff
A"Tmft, '*il<Mlf '^ctn t t r n t n t w i m s s R , i o / i 8 i i8(f/itofi ten l i t tfmtat n t n ' m ^ g^rnn-isn, <>Rî'fn n?stA <>t?c
n t m n*(]ttn wtn-wtA^ssm-iii w^, iJ>v/b-io Aoo/b-id- nmn SsmA aR*R <t>f?sicAF i^ni Atnm 'rnn-tmrnrnf ^tAtem f n ^
n*(jttn ntmrcn ^ (ATnnr wtn-tn'n'iAif, ft^. FtfÂ, ê sft 'sstTrnnmn^fmte^n CÂ- trt- ''fit^ ^ i i ^ , nai o
o'^so, t3[ to r) I îtAt? ftTiTtn C^fnm n ? ^ m ) n % F t V)l
wtn-wtftn (^. iJsv/b-'ô) n t m s liRpf? ctt^ntnt (nHflnt) ntmn 'mnf mfA! nrnents^nn m\ -^mpm 'm^fms mnmmn
tAtn <3tn ^ Am nan ntA I f ^ c m Smnjt ^^fnem ( l A n i ^ ) 2tffnf? nfnrn nm ^^fnen i "sttffnem w m
rnn^mn-'iin cnntnifA% f m ? ^ % m îini win-wtnfrtA' t m t n m S n - w i n ntmmtgfmwn w m wt^gmn cnt tntem"
'wtnfâtA mtn-Atrnftn nr^nr (g^Fntn) % m i mm-wtnntA' (n^tfÂ'oiio,. nai<^r) i ^ t c ^ mm mm mnrnn t m ^
fern n R n 'wtncm m'n t m 'wt%rr cm%t i ^^twrnt mt^ . vsiAta atf^^ ^c, mfkn, nfn'5iin;^mn 2tt?m^n#ms
gmn-'ira f m m ( n w m ^ mn) f i n wtn-Aimft i S ^ 'wtmmn m*ftnt aiiftn ff%n ' s t ^ t ^^frnicAn (% i ^ t ^ i ^ n f-omn,
5rmt ^ttmn fmin ntmmn f l m i 'mmn m m ^mn (=nmn) n t n ^ ntcm stf?,m\n<' ntm 'mn-mtn'n t s ^ - m f *? sttsntn
tmf flem I nfS, t m R R f mmn m^ f?*tn 'rnmnmt. ^mmtem) i 'ntf^
mf w n n t n ' m ^ g^ntn atncn n n r n n ^ n m nm atiStn ff^, Inctno m f n [^mfm (ff% <pRi)-n attmjn^ Rpil
w n I mfnm t n ^ - ^ m n 'stmn attn f l e m i ^jsmfnntn m t e ^stmn fngimm^ msm nftmcA i m^ ^^fnm fR AM^
^'Un CÂ. nraflm f ntn, 'mnem ^. i o A ) t ? f%R ifttic<i mtss '^fmtem ( f i f ni -n mntnn fnncns mf^spsi) ^sttf^
mft ntnt^F 'rnn-'mA'ms-ign.f^tm An i 'mn^^'sntn 'f nrnm f A " ^ ' liitwrn apm. ^ m m, fatntn nT^f?t mfn '^wnm^
'mmtflem Qs. m^s^'^ m m ^ , 'mn-mtn?p*n-'>iitMif mtn- mîfRc^ nRt ^mcA ( n # A ' o^^^^d-, nai iAr)'i 6t?nn tR^j^*
mtmn, f m n , '^n v p n , A A i ) ^ms.'fnmn m f c A S ^ ^ nmsntltn nRnc^ fR "i^snm^ nmmntn w m w n mi
'sj^t ^ f m t f l e m i 'sîfn ffn mt^ 'Sntnm wt^ mnn sf^n T j m mnm Rtnte^ cm 'srsn^f ? f c m w m ^8n w n i 'wmf
m t w t f n e m f m ? ? f ^ n t ?#?nflem i nsfsi^ mrcA, mm mftej n ^ n n 'm^^ntcnn f mcm m^ fnctn 'sftmra f*tsnn
S ^ nmt? S e w ^ 1fn attftn ftf^ mintf c^^^nem nem f % f m n n r n f ^ ? 5 f ^ ' 5 1 ^ ^ ^^tntcA I ^st ^^Rtfne f^tnf
'stf^mft w n I mw m f , '5P9, ifinnf% fnf^:t^tem f^^rmens 'itn-win n'Rt^
9m n m f ^ m m\ ^ m n att^mntb^ f f nmt '^pfmt mtmtAi liitsfn%mmn t-Hiaic?'stf n ^ i attStn c ? ^
'stsptA men Sesttnmnmn n m w n i f%^ n ^ F t ? ^mc?j # n - w ^ lilt nscFn fmnctn n ^ 'm^^^mnfn'^nm
n m t m ffn c s m cm m^ptA n t ^^Re' m e m m t ; w ^^Rntflcm; f^s^-f^R tmess ^?\5a s s n f t t ^ mn ssfmtemi
m m T f t n n îAte<t> m n m tAn w n i n t n n t % m n w t n m tns'tf <pten tn^-^'mm (^. Atoc>/J>ov) t m n 'rnnê R<pht m^n
^TAte^ fnnm t n t m ^fne An i cnmm f ^ m w ? fntenn . ^Rmeî
( f m ^ - m n t w ) 2f<tn mm-nr'^ t m ' m t s f ^ - A i f e m sttsmn mnmnfn^ ssnr mmn n t ^ - n ^ me?t ^ZKI mnmn ^^fscn
?sf%^ w n I ffn n ^ 'stmn fatn *t^ m t m m st^jtmon 'm^ ^ntem mm fin cm?rgf&mm fms^ f n ^ i mmn^
w n l a n i ' t f s n m t n - m t f e m n f n ^ nAsn ftntm ^fAtn # n e m '^-ajf?fR mm ^^Rntem ^ 'stAtn ' 3 m # m nem mntntw
S s , - ^ ^ n m mf%mfA5 w n i ^rnn-mifn mm nmmn 2tbRtffln (^. J.W. Fuck, Arabiya, ^f. 51)i^Stmnf^
s s R ^ f ^ s ( ^Ren isni ^st n m m e m w m ^lAlc<i mm fncm estfn 4Rîs sftnt mt^ t ^ t f s n f ^ AS (nm mfs-t
<M<!i-sc'* w n 1 f^j||<H', *clfiA o i l ^ i tai ^ S . ^ W t ^ - i i i H i f l ^ 'j^' 'immji^) I
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WfffI?Mt
WltJIflUvalW f r o ?#om t1?tj tj^l<l t t i t W f t T 2|t? T?r ?'l^<>'1^l-tWt f f f t ? w f f.3?1t, c?1^ i o i ? . ; (^) W t f ?
(f. Gabrieli, CM, 1953-283) i W R T w t T W sfRt t H t J ' W W j ' t - f W ' W f , W t - f f tw .3?tt-t'f?tt f f ^ w f
tR>?lw<i % f ^ t w ? t w t f f e s (RR, wgit f t f t t ' w a w r ? f^s?1t, fl?C?t ioi.!j ft, "stf. A. von Kremer, Diwan des
twtâ t f t t#?m:it 1 t t w t t r ctt cftt r o ^ t t t t t w . Abu nuwas. des grossten lyrischen Dichters der
m i f r t w s . f t tt?et ^JtRrn wwtttw? t t f f t5R.a t t t tm Araber, V i e n n a 1855. # ? f f ^ t t ^ W t f ? ; ( i o ) t w
tt I ' W f t f w i w i ? t t i ^ t w f fSwfsn: t t t f t f t t t w ? f t t f W ? W , f f ' ? , ffoi-ff?; ( i i ) t t f t f w w , 1?1f T5t-'S'W?ltt
a m ftcf^, w ctt ttiftwf fSftt? f t % ^ W f f ? W f ? (G. M. S), 87-99; ( i ? ) W ? f f l f , f ^ W f W T , ?t?C?t
f.3tTCt? ftttr f f w f t w ^tWC? {% A.sahadde, Z u r i?^8 ft., ?.!iO-brSi; ( i o ) t ? f t - W ? ? t f , f ? ? t , Si.!}-ioo; ( i 8 )
Herkunft der Urfour elniger A b u Nuws W t - f l ^ W t - W f w f , w f t W f T O , I t . , 80.!J-8SI; ( i f f )
Geschichten in 1001 Nacht, ZDMG. 1934, % 259; t?? ttf%ft?, tltlt i.!jSi I W f f t f f t " ^ (i^)
C t f f , Weiteres zu Abu Nuwas in 1001 Nacht, Brockelmaim. 1, 74-6, S 1, 114-8, 940, 111, 1193;
ZDMG, 1936; % 602; W. H ! Ingrams, Abu Nuwas (il) C t t f , E.l. 1; ( i V ) H. Ritter, 1 A; (iS.) t w W?^'?,
in Life and in Legend. London 1933. Schaade in W t T O w f f . a w t w f f ? , W'sWft?^, f^f???, ft?C?t
OLZ. 1935. 525-7) i iSi?8 (.; ( ? o ) W f t - ' W W t t f t w T f t 'WW?, W f f a W t ,
W f f<3?Itt fesf f?t? tsttWt? Cftt t ? f t t ff row t t 1 ? . T ? t ^ >sw f f ? ^ , ft5tc?t w . f?.; ( ? i ) t r o rog?it, W f
rot i i f t c f f r o w t f f f r o t , tfcft f t t c w c t t trot f>a?tt, W t ? ^ W?it??- ? t f t <3W f ? t T O W t - W f ? i t . , ft?tw
ftror t f t ? w t f f e n f l c t t tiw t?tcf "^ms f i t ftf?' 'G?H-?tf1t, '2??; iSiO? (.; (??) 'W?f?-TO'TO f t t ^ , W f
O l i o , f a j 8 r ) , c t t R ftf'S ?t?ic? I f w ? f<3-?rrt ro?iftt f s t i t , ?t?C?t iSi?8 '^.;(?o) t w ? t f W ? , W t T O w f f>sWt;
tirftftt fic^ f r o j t t t , tic*tj w t - f f >s ?-itti w t - (?8) V. Rosen. Ob A b u Nuwas i ego poesii, in
t t W ? t f - m ^tWCt? ^ f t ^ W5] l F f f < (CWW^JpfS? W t J patmiati Akademika V. R. Rbzena,
g. E. Mittwoch MSOS, 1909. % 156) i W t - f f fft^^ Moscow-Leningrad 1947, 57-71; (?ff) F. Gabrieli,
f t r o t ^ f t t # t f T O ft t w ft?tit?t m i f f r o t s f t c f R^ R^ Abu Nuwas, Poeta Abbaside. OM. 1953, 279-96;
^*tjTw t ^ t f a ^ Wm f % i w t I T t t t t ctt t f f strHt (?.!}) W ? f W ? T O , w f t W W l ? t - f f Tft-'WWf??Jt, f t t ? W .
row f t I f t ? t t r ttf%tw t t t TO tt w , t w f T S f t f cftt R., ? t . , .!}V-1?; ( ? 1 ) W ? ' t t t ? ' t t t t w?-w?n,
ififtt ffrot fYt W f f<3tTct? f S t c ? I rot ?TttTsi t f f t - W W R T - ' W ? l f , f t t ? ?8t T p e f , ?1?-.!J; ( ? V ) R .
A. Nicholson, A, literary History of the Arabs,
t i f t t f t w t - f f ? t i f t f ^ t R t tf?^tt?t iff f s f R r o
Cambridge 1953, % ^h^-b; (?S.) Clement Huart. A
i o ?twt? catf twtt I ^siRff ?ittt t f T O t f w t f ffrot?
History of Arabic Literature, ^t?i iS..!j.!j, tj.'î-? i
t c ^ ' W t T O " ( f s T O f ^ f t ) - < 3 t i w t w t f f t m w , ti?t
Ewald Wagner (E.l.^)/ .fl.tt.it?[. f ? c t ? t f ?
W t - f f ? t i f t w w [ f f t m i f f ^*(ItW f f t ttJ f T O
f t W t C W I f?1lf?=1 t wTOf f " W f f^StttCf f?t? W T O 'rt^^'<tiiwt 8 w t - t t w f w?-?tfTO, ? t T O
? W t ?tc ^ (tlRf T) t W c Rft "ttft? t?ttW-<3 ? T t T O f R I m t t ctw? ttc:?? ( W t w ) f t c < wt istc f t t t
t i f t c ? ? w ^ ?5?t ?t?tlc? I Ahlwardt t i f t t t t l tiapt ^stWflct? ? f t w f ? t ? w f ? t ? i t t ? i f w t r o t row i f w c f
ffrot? t i M t f t c w t - f f ? ft^ w R ^ t f?t ?t?tc? I ? t t T O W f t - W ? t ? t W f t - t ? W t .ft t w i t W f t w mit?tTO
f t c ^ t f ? Rt% ftwt rotcTO t i f t t f t (ivsib- ^.) ff rot ( ? t T t w , T t f t ? t w ? i w ) t w t i t w t w w f "W" i t W t W<3W
?t?ic? I . f t t l ^ t t f W ? f t T O t f R t ^ t? ticftR ftC^!? ^ t W f l t I t f f f ? t s ? f f ? w f t cftcai? W ' t t w W t t
W ? f t ^ t t g f f ^ , Rt*t? t^lfCt frottw fWTTO I w w - m t c ^ f t ? ?iff3s f ^ rort? w w .fifR ?n?[f?f
ftt# 8 t l ^ t t f ? ( i ) W. Ahlwardt, Diwan d. ?lR-WfwW f f w f f f w f l c t ? 1 ?f Wt-ftW?Wf f w ?
Abu Nuwas, 1, Die Weinlieder, Greiffswald 1861; T s c r o f ostt ^t f R W f t w t ? ?t?ct cattwcf f r c f w ' t
(?) ftcWsttf, fr?c?t i ? i i ft.; ( o ) '??ic f @ ioo.!j ft.; ( 8 ) t i f ? ?ttw ^sjfft ?5cw I t?tpt-?ttf f ? ! ? w r t ? t ? t f r t f?i?
t t f t t r o , wtt^, ft?c?t ivsiv isioff j.; (ff) twt. TOft w t t c i t row w t 1 fft w c ? , ^5rf^. ? f t w f r ? f f W
f t f t t f t f t t , f t w w iSiO?; (b) twt. W t - W W W f , t t w w f W c f w f i5tc ffwt f t w t f t c t f f ? f f f f t t t?^ftc
i o ? ? - o t . ; ( 1 ) A . A . a l - G h a z z a l l , ro?rc?t is>eo ^.; (y) f^tw w t ro?H 1 (?ftww f%R c^fttcffg ' W g f l t t t ^ t t j f
ttwf fffCft?
t.f?.Vff
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wT|pifc)i (?n)
MR -SM MM MI f%fBT trrR MM i wssm RR nnicnib4tt, fnetn ^^fmt tn^-^pmm 'ttme^ i g ^ r 'fm? ^
RRm's t m w n liini nmmnT t m 'wtnRn-mlms ( g . ) - ^ ninm nen ?5R:n MI ^ttm? ?m?.S5|fn'5 att?m '^fnem i
nesf cntmim nnm m , niRt^ w % t ne^ ntmn atmen stnen ?/<n t ^ s c ^ 'stAt? '^fmm? mtt?* stro A ? I
Rfn n^t (g.)-'^n ntwt? ^ nf^ lii^sf? ^^Rm (5<t<S[*it) fnewn ar?t#f s ( i ) 'sffftw, m'sm^mn, A t . , i o o 1 m ^ ; ( A )
nftm mfn w n liinimmn n? ftmn t m '(i<ifii=i-mfms "itm c n t ^ , m m n , v s t . , A A C , O O ^ ; (VS) t m ^wt?m, R'n,
^^smfnmfnnetn t*t?mn nRm MN w n , 'tmm ^ftmn atR e i r o - 8 ; ( 8 ) t ? g n - ^ m m , ^tm^T, ^. A i - o ; (<?) tm^t?t?n,
w ^ nnt w n liin?, ^ttmn n^ winnf^ Stmn-mtmfn atmn ttf%?n?5, i<?8; (to) c n n ^ , w m m m , o n . , <?o8; ( i ) wT?tff
w n I f^^? mm ne^ mm? (nnn M^^mem? fin m, wtn cnt , on., o8to-<?o; (y) Vin'tSf, -g?^, tot., iib-Ao-AooA; 0>)
?nnctt f ^ ftmnc?5 Sci^fm ^fmt nfw 'mn' w^sjfnn^ w t f t f , 'Ssnr n ? . ^ t , A O n., otoo - ! A ; ( i o )
^ f R (S?i^).wT5n-'wtnftn wm-mwr^"-ii5n nip:n mi wt^nr^n-itmm', o i o - i 8 ; ( i i ) ^mff,mA?^-'mmn,
w n I \siAi? atnn 'wtn?rfnet? ajm^r^;^ mwt'sfnc \ttm? !Ac; ( i A ) m t m f , f^tmm, im?5 R?.^t, i t . , i v - i r o , ?n?cm
sjcmt? 'jkmn^snctn atR fna^ nmcnTRtn wmt ffn "m^ ni^t, i n . , i < ? o - i ; ( i o ) t m 'wtmf?m, ^ n fmtt^", At.,
mf^^tncm Smf? nt w n , f%^ wR cntc? ^nnctt cm o i b - A A ; ( i 8 ) t t ? ^ - f n m , Aimtnr, f m ^ ; (i<?) m?^[mf,
t w n m nc5 i M^ n R ^ nmt ^fmt cntf? f ^ nrtn^mcn ^fsntttlA", % A i J - A o ; ( i t o ) t n g t - t t ^ , A i n t m , iii; (ii)
atmcm njn?t w n , '^fnmf^c f ^ t#mt wtn-ntmpc?? w t f n f ..sc'mfnns, iJo-8; ( i v ) t ? g n - t n t n , ttninr, i t . ,
wtn-mwtA" tn?t S<5mf??stfRcn 5icnt%s ^ t?n 'gntn i!(2-; ( i J ) Nallino, Litterature, id-Js-too; ( A o )
nfmc MB 9M tp; (wtn-nr^f )-c^ S^mf^?nft ftmcn Pellat, Milieu, ^. i(2-S.-too; ( A i ) O. Rescher. Abriss,
cmnm wt? 'mj w n i n%in c ^ ^mmmfSn wm ^tt^tw i t . , AAO; ( A A ) A. H. Harley. Abu Nukhaylah, a
Smnmc? w n iîn?. tm? nciit stAt w n , f ^ ffn postclassical Arab poet, JRAS Bengal, o ? fnf?>sf,
^stmc?5 itmmcn tntm ^^fmt nttc Stent cm i mm ^s^^ on. ( i J s o i ^ . d d - i o ; ( A O ) fmmf, DM, e n . , i s e - i ;
'^-liis MM w ^ ^stmc?s w ^ t M^ MI \siAic4 AJt ( A 8 ) f?f?^, 'm'ntn, v t . , o o i i
^^Rn gen? mmst '^fnm fmt ^ôctiAf? t f c m ^SWI ftmc? Ch. PeUat (E.1.2, Suppl.)/ Ant^ mn
fncwt w I ioto/<H(2-8,mem mmm te? c?ftn M nne? liit
^srt^ V'ln*!! (<_,a=u j_,i) 8 (m) c w c w ^ t m e ^ s w t n -
sfBrnf^ncB I
wtnf nfnrn Scan 'mmtem i 'mm? 'mn-m^ m w t n - n m f
wt^^[m?m f%5 n?.tj?s ^^t%m nwt MM, f%^ ne?ttR Rfn ?fnm Sean MN A? I t m f j n m'fft tnn'? ate? 'tAi? ^m
"mwm" ?5fmm ? M <t>f?e t ^ ?sfnen i w t n MM
Seat ^ R n nfnntem, 'm^^'p'wt m t r f t m mft' 'tAtc?i
f?nitw ntfwn ^ - w t w t w (aO-îi? n w Rfn î?' w r fnfmt? 'siRntn '?ttn?tft mmfcm n c m t t i ^mmtcm 11?^
stRemf?t^ w?tfitAt? ^ MI MB ?f5w ?5Rsrsfn? ncm ?tft' 'sttn-'Dft 'tAte?5 fnne? nnnnwtft mmfem ^s^^^
f%^ ninT?5 ?5f?m iii?5f? f mn ns.^ne-s? wm Stemf nfnrn ^f?mcAn I mnft nfnmcm, ffn fnne? flem îi??. A ^ ? 4 m
f?cmw A? I 'iit n^fnm ^ m nne? n w r t m ncA, ^ t
f??ieAF I t m n ^pifnn îAic mmft ?fn?iem i wtn-?mfn
liitsfne c<iif'i atmn W ^ S M cnf i f^^^ iîtsfn? mn m f wR
'5rtn-'4iini*r ^ttm? w ? fnRtt? MFM t m 'S?t?m? w e ? ? tte^
'in ??em MI M-^ mm-St?ft?5 f|n en, ?5f?? a f f % ^ t t
?fnmScan?5f??teini
iic<t>?ie? fn?w "5tm mtem MI csft^'a^^'mfnc mfmew
A i R n MI wtA"ntn, M^ mR'm 'mn-nt? M^ mR'm
Se#tN5 At, wt? ^tmm ?menf liitwmt wc<? nft tfte
'sitn-'mnf-? ncm m^Ni cnntte 9M\ nftmem, atnenf;? n j R
^ iiitt w< n?2tAt f i n 'tm? 1^ S c ^ I nen A? cm
f n n f n 'm? f l ^ ? T R fnftn nfnrn ^ftw i 'mn-ntft
w< Sttwem fme? ffn liic^Rte? n^tfms^ flem i f^^rmcm
''m-m5^' f%mc? ^tAi? mem nrtmc? nen 'mcA ?fnm
i(tf f^f%?5 -^sfmm, fnstfn'o att?m ?5f?m, 'otstwif^.
Scat <^Rn ncm, C?SA cwtAt? mn Smnn'm? CM c ^
ctt?sttm ?mt? t t m t i R ffn ^ fngttfst^ ?5tm ^ '^f?cw
'wt?îptA t m Sntnn nfnrn ms a t ^ ^^Ritem I
t t ? ^ Rem i ?n?t îtm? ncm wf^m? M^ ncntmn
f%fn nmnf? ?lii,aiA (n)-'ii? f n ^ Ate' Atf^ n^m
'?m?tmc? ntiwt ? # "^m^ ?5m }mntn ^ m f?e
^fmte^ I R^ ^te ^mf? t m m#, ^ttt? t m gmt
wtfnem, fnct? ^^Rn wtn-v[Att>ST? t m 'wrs'jmA wtn-f^ntft?
wt^ 'wt?R'?-?iA'ntn wtn-mm^ at^n ntn"^ A i f i n^m
t ? ^tc^, fiff% ^tm? n m lii^ Tcmmmt^ flem i
4r??icAF I
tnntf fs'jtcmn
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Contents
W f fttwRt w t - w n f t (?i)
t w f ? f ^ w (it?? t w w??ic?? tw?? W ) I w ??^ ?w

R?t1%T 1 R C ^ f f ? ftW? f t t C ? ? t w t f C t t i g t f C ? ? R W fC^ f t f ?
t t t # t s t w Ttwra W R - ' W W t W f , w t - t w i w , t t w f W t t ? fC^ f t t i % W ? f e w I f f R W W R t ? W ? f t - W W ?
i o ? v tt., S t . , i e o - i e s , t i t n vi8 i R W W ? ? l ^ l t ? f ? t ? t f e ? w?.R2t?t ft?ew? I osv/s>ei w w
t f ? ?t??if?et? ?te ? f w I f f ? tt?w?i? ?st?tti? t^.c'o w?^
sjT^ f f l t f f ??5tH f w f We?t?t f ? w f ? t w t f e w f f t t w t e s t ms, t w t c w ^ w t w i
oei/S9>b? W W f f c t ? m\ w e t e w w w e ? ? t w - i f ? -ww?
WtRcw ? f ?? i r ? ? f ? f t % e ? f t w f w ^ i w ? f t - w m t ? t w t
(W) .aroft t t w f I w w t (W) ^JtC tt^f m t t twt
f?t? fR? ?i?tt ?w? W W ?t??i? w e ? t ? t e ^ odd/cibb W W
W W , Wf_ tntw'w w t - w t t i f t m w W f f W ? ( t ) - m . R f t W ? t ? t ? f f f t t e ? ? R t ? t w f w c f ? f f t t f w WI I w s t ?
w t t t W l w f l w t 1 Wf^tw? ( t ) w t t f w w tftwflwt, " f t f ? i e f f t t e w t f t ? f ? f ^ ?w ?? I W R f R-w^sw? f ^ t ?
W W t t t W t w t t f R w I f t t t t w ? w e t ^ 5 t % Cftt t f f f W 3 c?w t ^ ? t t ? f i f ( W f frotet? wtf?te??) W f t - W w f ?
w t l" ?'lf ?fiJ t c ^ t f t w t t t t ? t W ? W R t , CtCT5 W t W ? t t f w w i Rctji? fc??, t f f f?ttww ? f ?? I W f t - W w f ?
W t t f C t t W t t R?CW|f, W f f t l ^ W W t - W t f ?^stt? tStWf ctWftw ?nww>8?T?i?ff^ ? ^ t i W R - ^ , oei/s f f t , s>^v
ftfiC? I ^ f W f W C ? t f C ? f t f a WR-Wtf?t?Tfc?ttWCt? WWftTo W I
twtfwnc?! W f ff?1RfW??jf^tw .stRf? W?JRtitwfict? I if?
st^t^s t w ? i w t W t - ' W W t w f , w t - t t i w , t t w 5 t f R tjf^^ftW^, t ^ .?S.Rt?iW? f t f t f , W ? f ^ t w ?
i o ? v ft., S t . , 1. i e s t i t n b-sx}-; (^) w t - t t T f , w w f t flet? I f f ? f W 3 t t R t t t w e w ? W?f " t ? 5 ^ 'set 'sttf^ o^"
w t t i t t - t i T t w , '2ww w . tt., ? t . , is>?, t i t n ? ? ? 8 1 ?R?rtff?.ttw?? ( t R v g f f ? w i f t w R w f f i c t ? ) i f W ?
f ? l R t t f t ? f ? ??tR f w f #?? w?? f ? ^ R i f ^ e ^ w t e ^ t f f ^ tfSj|f|i I ^ t w t ^
^ 5 r f ^ R 5 t f ^ " s r r ^ - w f " 5 r t t (^_,.,;îi 5_.j=ui^...i)?(w)
m w t t t ? t f 1 f t l W t t t t t t w t t W R - f t t f (?) t ? ? ' W f f t i f ? f w ? f R ^ R ?r3; t ^ f w i c w i t w s iit ? R t R t f ? f f %
7tcw i i f t t ? T f ? ? ^ f t ? w c w I i f ? ?ct?, "Wit t t t J i f W ? ?sf??i t w 'w??tet? c t t f t t t ?tefR t t i ? 3 t W W t w c t w
?? s f f ? w w?s ^t?te? m wtw?? t w ^?tew (^f, t t ? ^
t w W f w ? i t t?? t t R w W t - W t f - m ftcf w t I W W i f ?
? C t t , 'C? W f ' W f f t ! W W ? t f w W W ? WW t t c w ?'Sf?t f t ? t ) i R ? tf?RWt% t ! t ? l c ? W ? m W t W 5 ? t t w (wfte, W f
tf?1t) I
ff??tcw, t f ? ? c w , Wffftt? ( t ) i i f ? i ? WWCt? R f t w t w
f w ? f t t t w ? M t t f ? f t f ? f l f WI w w w ?f5W I l i i t w
?st?CtR it??.?ttCtt, "cwww? tC?T ilt? C f W C f W f t ^'S'51^
?5f?wR i f ? f ? R f t R f t i w .^tw?F f w ; f ? e ^ ?'=f?t twntcw
t ? C?1tW3 ^'SW t t R ?>C? ?"
( f t R w ?ttw W W ??(f w t c ? ? f t f w t c f t c t i t r , w?tew i f ?
s t t R ^ ' t ? ? ?1W? W R - ' W W t W f , W R - t t t W , t t w
?iiiwif tt??tc?? t t f ^ t R f R t f f ? ? i e w ) ^t?t W ! i f f ? w ? ?^
i o ? V it., S t . , t l t j t \rh<\ I
fwttew I t ? t WW i f ? t ? t f t f f w e f t 'Q ? f ^ R t W
f?IRt ffwf? ??tR fistf
f f w - f R w ? M f W W I W f f ? w e w w f w wpfart, f i t ,
w r t ^ f^RTTR wrtw--^tsnTt^ ( ^ i x ^ i ^ i > ^ i ) % ' f t ? t f ^ f t f t w f ?f?R t f t t w R t ? i ^ f 4 1 f w ? t t f w R
W t - ? t t ? ? t ? ? Wf?R-'WW w t t t ? ? W^lW? W W - W t R i f ? f ? W?fW-W>8W? W ? t W f ? R f W f t w ^ fwt?r#? f f ? w R t w
w t I i f ? f i c t ? v w w ? 'W?? f t ? I o ? o / Ji.o? W W t s ? w t f t t - t e e f W ^ ?ifef? wwwf^ f i t W I t f f f w ? ^ ^
t ? i c f ' t f ? w f i t ? t fc?? I f w ? t f w w t t t?cw m w ? f R f R f f W W W I . * ^ ^tw>8 t?teW? R t t t f W f f W W S J f t ;
f I c t t I i f ? ? w o?o/s>o<2- t t w w - s f t t ' f w t C ? ? C b f W f < # i i t s R w R t f t f I f ? R c t t R?5t f f w i t w ^ t c i t e t i t j
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f w t C ? ? t ? W f f f W R w t w ? wwt?. (ftf? f I c t t ^ f ? R ?f5W "?itt?Jl" f R w f ? R t j t f f f W R f f w t ?tft?te? 1
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t?W^?>R?1tlW? I W f t f ? t t 'SOb/ <s>81-b- W W WtttCSf? t f r a t t t s f t t ^ t e t ? w?j W ^ t j T f t I .ijw^jfw ^t>s1tew ^dt?rfc?
t t W f ffSlCfR
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Alto Wr|m? tnfBf#t (?")
\slAt? fef? W% sMinl I GRFt sRR \5tAtt^ '5'?? ?5%m Charidschiten, 47 f . ; ( V ) J . Wellhausen, Die
mtftm a f r a t w % wA^ram? wm nmfn-mm? Rm i^n^ Religios-politisochen Oppositions-parteien, 32,.
\tfm? atR Scw afHcm wm 'it^ w1%wtt mm (mm? tf?m?*t
'fn?, wt| twm '?te '5|f)-nA 'ttm? f mn 'trm? R w ?f, IVt. Th. Houtsma (E. 1.2)/ fnmw S f n
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R T 1 ? mmfms <3 af^rf*rw A? i lawru^^ t m ? m^tnRnîA?
n?wfnm men? mfnrn, w. i mij, i ; A A % t R ^ AS îmt,
mi >8 Rnrm.iii'a mf^ f?f^ m ? m ^ A? C?, mAft mn i s i o ^5.; Rm? mn ctrmn?'mSmn'm#, mm f??A5r'mf i
A? 'srm n?,^t>a ai^rt?'a At?ifAi tmc 'mn-mmm (^. 'tTm? m 'jn'^gm f ? ?A*I'S.?IIA Rem niciJiCii^ R m t ^ m f
ocv/ioobr)-iii? T?.^t t ? ns?w t t m RmcA I ajRf^ <if? 'lAt^t^ I ^twm m f ?tf n?wRrr men ^trme^ W%
n?55i srrStn n?Mt (^??i ib-io, i s s o o , i s i o ^.) vapT. mAAR (
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tea, f??iw i s 8 8 ) -lit? 'i'f sr^flRA msrrrRTbmTfr?? ^XM"^
cmnntn ^^Rrr trew 1 ' m ^ n w t?tm fnme?? mnmm?.
mRn ^?tm m? i R t w fitnn I % iJsAto nten ?5tnmm "wtlnm ninntm ê
ar?r# 8 ( i ) wt^jft, fn*rm^- 'Âimtm, n'an i s A i , it., gnmin-^[AlRfn (m. m.) nt '^Rrr 9m nm ^f?en>3
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A V I i ) ; (o)'sRmnA'=l# mmrRo R. Dvorak, Abu Rf?njTnn '^t 'wT?f 'smr? Riî. 'stmn 1Mt f?etn ff%e^
Firas, en arab, Dichter und Held, Leiden 1895; ne^ '5r#T w n ( i s s o o vj.) i ?5^#?en tin f^^t^ flen^ i R^
(8) t?n trl|?fm, i8to; (a) Brockelmann, it., V b ; Si. n??5r1? S^ Rmn? atttmf R t ^ - a i f ^ t tm^l^ScB f%^^
142-4; (to) IVI. Canard, m ? ^ - m m (Recueil de ?#m i s i i m ^ '^t 'n?n? afAt w n i Rt^ mm ^
textes), Alger-Parisl934, R?^; ( l ) i^. Hist, de la catf? t^tn nnn-nten? ?i5Rm flenn i 'ttm? tnn c?R>8
Dynastic des Hamdanides, I Alger 1951. 379, itR'StF, m?n (n?mtfmen moment c?1^) ^te atmRs ^ i
395 'J.; oSito^, b<!si% Itoo, 11A,1Sto, I r i o , V A 8 ; (v) H
'ttm? tnnrf 4Rî?f 'erne?? 'mwtn' mn^ ?n?3ate? n;,nw
Ritter, Oriens 1948, 377-85.
Atsilln (?5ln^tm is>8o i ffn ntn^t fnmen? cm t
H. A. R Gibb (E. 1.2)/t5i?rw S ^ ^ s f t A S R 'wTH-mm? msnt ^-im w n ( i s > o o ) i VOTAT? n^ w r , nw,
^srt^ *fvo'S>*i (g. mA3'mf f ? ^ ) mf?m tTtfn 'stmtnf? 'srat^tf^t^ i 'wTnf, t?e?# msnte
^5tAi? t?etn '!ii,tfe fin i
^5n^îlii<p ( d L j J i J - . I ) 8'wr?^t?nm?,m5î?n
mint m?mfgwtn ^tm? tnem ctr^ fin i ^fmnmn
t?n mmtm cmcar? mm ttf?# 'mcmmmf) i attm
t i < M 4 i f F 'îfms 'mwtn ntSi^ 'cmetmwt' "Amtm W9\ f?f^
mR' t?n wt??i?5-iii? TAcmf R?H, R?, tc? Rfn mwm t?n
mwSnf^ mmfw^ fmr? nrnent^mnms ai?^ fnf^rem i
'^Tttn?-ii]? nRs cmnmn wt? wm mR' t?n wt??!?^ (5.)-c^
fUnte mflwten ffF 'nmf' men lii^ntfn^ n f s m a t ^
'mm w n i R?, ^tm? ntt cmn cmn 1?nc? n m ^ T t : ^ ^m?ct
^t?e ? 5 w n , ff^'om^fs nnR A^m? n? tAtn^
mwmt?n'wifii?c<t>A^?5R:>8Rfnftmwnnit 1 îit AJT?
^nini
n? f%t^ nnst mA'?T?cn? St? ft? n^'t^ arRfl w n (iV'^sSsi)
iii?i?nm^tc t % n 'wm^-nrfn^'^w?? ^trm? f?^Fc^ cajRs f%f^ mm t n m f fSmfm cnt^ flem i f^^-fwrinem
fnnjnm? 'msRt STRA ? # C ^ n ^ A F I 'srwstn m:?t 'siFjRinatplnRime^'i ('tTt?ft iiR?iI?<) ^ ^te ni^f^)
(io/toso) R f ? *)f*iicF 'Sm? t?n 'SmsRaTA tnn rn'mn-'fl? vsft^\otfn?
cmoc^ ?nm ^ c ô,ooo ^rcnr? iî^ nrftf ^tm? R ? T O ^ m ^ RTFNR^ (^ju^ ^1) 8 mntm, mA
G2tt?w A? i'ttmm ^trAtc?5 tmfw AJt ?5R: nnm An 1 (?), cwnt? f?^?in w^nstAt w n ('mr m mm moen
4xt#t 8 ( i ) 'wtwmw, ns; i i ; (A) ^[?t?mn, ^mfnn, totoA; 'mcA, m i A d o ?. nsnn mst^ sfnmRmn, mft^ mm,
(o) <lMlit?"1, 'alMnl*), (?t., o8to, i i (=Anonyme arab. ?#^fm isito %, ^. 8 o ; m i A t o d n., 'sm n i t ^ A?^,
Ghronlk, ed. Ahlwardt), 134 t.; ( 8 ) ' S t n t f , A t . , VAS>, m?ntenct? f?-'mfnmnt, cs^f istos % , % o e ; ^mm
wAf.; (<t) 'mn'wrf, m?nm, i o i ; (to) tiA?iif (t?n Atmn? ?#S?-mA!nn, m t ^ - t >sm?f, m?m isito ^5., % ASA; cn^mn
Rfnn->il? mf^^), i t . , i t o V i t o t ; (i) R . B r u n n o w , D i e nAWff tar%5T w?^fn, At^two t F m t m s , nrwm% i o s o , ^.
t n n t f fn'Semn
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W | ? r o R f B f f t ( ? ) ?11 W f t f ? ftf%f (?)
) 1 Rf? stW " i f W W f W f ? f t f f (?T)-m ??f?? 1 f r ? m ff? i o o o w? f%?f? ( f . f., Ob-) 1 Wf1W ? W f C f ?
f ? f ? R t i t f ? ?Tf#f 18 i>/io8o t i w ?W7iW w w t m i W f t f t t ? t f c ? f ^ ?ttw WtWCW wt?f?'=t ff?tw ^ I f c t
osfti? ctmtti^si WW W t f t ? ? R % ^ , t t w t FWW f?wt? f s f - f t i ? t f f ? ^t? I f W ? t C5f? W W F
a m , WW ilriso %, iil-?'Jj) I Wtff-? W f t t f ? ^ W ? ^ w f t t ? WW ? # f t W ?tC\st Wf?tCi? ?J?tf f ? t Wf (f?f?1? f ?
f ? W f t w w w w f f l w t W t f W T W t f t ? f T f ( ? ) [ f . WI?w W f ? f ? R f ^ , O'Js-'Ol) I
i>o'08/i>^?8]-m wf? f g W f t ?i?îf? I ffstw W t ? , R R iS^^ ?stftt f ? f?Ct? I ?WWtf? f R iiww?
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i i i W i ' i o i ) i f f t f t w w w t f f t f c t f t f t p ' t r o m s f t t t f i t t W f W t W ?ij W I t?ltw-?t=f!ftw, ffw-?^, F t t - W ? , WM?-
titu t ^ ?^w-tf?fw (f?^) w f f % w ? fRwflw? ( t t w t w f w , f R - f Rc^, c f 5 f w t f t trtftw f?R wf'wcw?
.2ft^) 1 W [ ? f ??, f f t t f?^tcw ftC?? I f f t W t c w t , Cf?t ft??
W f tro ftRf? ? ? t ? f ? Wat t? w t , W f ? f r ? îttt w ft?? wf[ ^tw, i l t ? f w f f w t w w t I W ? l t f ? t
^TOgt-ffwift? t % f 1 t f t ? t (i^-bii ?.) 1 WTW? W W ^ W Cft, f?R wf'WW wf?ww twffttw w f t t ^tc??,
WW??f^- ftW? Wsft? tt^ fwR f i f t f 9m WW f t ? ? r f f t t f ? ^5tcw ftf?t?? (?5^ w f ? , ???w f ? wc?? Cf?W?
f f ? f?tt? Wol W ? f f I f t W f ? Wt?1W f t ? ^ t f f # i f ? W f?ff?W#?f, ?8'Jj-81; W f f t ttWfWlW, S)b--S)S)) I
wt?iw? f f ? ^?]?? f t ? ? I t f t t f f Wtww ,t(. f f ? f f f : ^ f f ? f?tt? msw? f f W I wiw WWCt? f?w-sitw f f ?
t f t w wtWWW tw ( f t f t t ) f t f f t ? ? J W o s f ? f f ? f f t f f W ?^ f t t w t ? ?fw-?f? ?#?ftt??, f f t ' w w f f t w-w?'w
f t f f ? w ffS? t t f w t t WffW w f t f f t - f ? - m f?f5 W f f ? , w f ? f ? - f f ? t t ? R r o ^ f f ? c t t f f f f T O w t f ? w w w
f f f ? ^?j?? f t ? ? I wffw w t w * t f t wfwt w w t f t c?t?tf f??1tft t l f f t ff??tt?? I w w t w ' W f t t t t W T O t w W l W
,(?) [f. i?8<jj/ibrv5i]-m f t f w f?tt? I ?5Rftw wtttw ttfwtw ffft? W m i WlW WfTO f f f f f ^ W s t f f?tt? W I t?ist
w w w f?w?fw ( ? ) - m f t f t f f ? w t R f , f t f W (ff t f t ) t?t WlW WtTO WTOtt? C?f?tW ff?W w f "WC? f?f?f?TO WW
twtft f??t? ffw f t f f t ? ? 1 ?oA8 ?t? t t w f f ? t t w f t t w f f?t?nft? t f ? ? t - f f f ? ^ ?sf?tw f f ? f r o " W f t t
^ - f w t w ? f?R^ Wft? f?tf? f i ^ f ^ ^ fl^rt^tt i wsf? t i t f f f f w o ^ ^ f t f f t f twft fc?? I f w w f ? (f.
. f f ? t f w f t ? f t ? ? I wft? w f ? ^?j?t f t ? ? m i w t i iS)8(?), fRg^^sffW? t t W W W f (g.), W t f t w f t (fttifw
f?f?ff-m f t f t t f?Wfw 'Wftt w t - w w t t w f t f f t ' ^ w t - m w f f f g f t ? ) , st? f5Wt R f f W ? (g.) f f t w? w t t f i l t
f?f5'5tt 8o W f ? ^ f t t ? W f t W W f t ? ? ( W f f t w t f W f W f w , f t t w w f t t w t f t ? ? 1 f r o w c w t t a F w ^tw f r o ftctcf
^. 8; WlWttt*!? f ? - W f t W t f , 'Ob; W f f t t w w CW51Rtt ftRw i l t ??c?? ffwt?-fCf? titJt WWft?? f ? f ^ w I
t t W f , f ? f ? 1 ? f ? ???w W f ?f?It(Stf, t t W f t f W t t ^ www w ^ w f t m t f t ? io(J: ttw f t f ? ?5f?w i f r o
i>S)b-o, i o - i i ) I w,f? c t t f f w i f ? w t ff?W m f t a R t ib- f t t t t f ff?tw W ^5fftWt?ft^ f t ? f t t w ?tt5I? TO t w t f W
?t? f f ? ?jf^tWWtt? 'Sf?!?? fC??=tt ft??" ( f ? f ? t ? f ? TO I ?WS Wf1t?W t t w t , i l t W W f W t f , f??fWt-?fttf?,
W 5 W f ?f?Rf^, ii)I f ? - f f t w ^ , W t w t WR? t w f t w , t f ? t w ffwffw, ?twW
wJiJK^lc^t 't?ttw-?t=f!f? f f w f r ? Wf?f f?t I Wfa; ftf^TFW, wfRtt? wffw, m w w f t f ^ f w twTfft I w f ? 3 w t'ft
Wff?tW f f ? f?ff? ff?tw? I w f ' W t w ? ^ - W ? W t W*ITtw W wtwtfw^ ?tf5 W f f f ? f t R f ? ftRgfw w f - t i f ?
f f t ? ?5f?tw f f ? fwf? ?j??f? 1?ttt I .fltWt? ?t?ff?f??tt ( W f f t W t?Wf??W, S!s-S)l) I f f ? f?tW il?sw? f W t f
W?tt? ?w f ? t t t , wt? ? 5 f t W W ? f?Wtw ? l f W ? f f WW? f?tt? I fai-ffaiW? f w ? ?^ f?fR, f f f a f t f vs ftftw wftt
w f (?) ( f iOo8/ib-b-v!s]-m t f t f w ? t1W, ?? I W f t f ? f f f f ^ ?t?itc? [g.jf'(Rf?t. iitwt, w t - i i t w t f ^ w
ftf^f f w ? f t f t WWWW f?t f t ? ? m i ftf? tft t t w Wf-wfttw ffatw? f?fwttitjtsR) I f?t??fbw wff?|tttWt
W l f W ffW f t ? ? I f f ? f f f f w ? w f ? sttt? f f w f?tt? I (WlW), W f t - W ^ ( t f ) 'SffteWW (WlW) f?tftw ?t?ttC? i
Iff Wtfra f ? f ? fSf? f i t I f?i3 f f f f tttww? t f ^ t s ? f f ? W f t W ^ f?tWftW W W 'W?ftw i l f f t f f w t ? ? ^
fw^tW W a t fR Rwf? W Cf#tW f f t w ftcw? I ?3f5|w WC?, fRffc??, f f f t w f w f ^ Wf w t (g. "f?f?f f f t f ? w i f o f ?
f f ? ???w f ? i w t ( t ) - m f ? f & f f f f f W t w w f ^ tft?? ( ? ) - m t w f t , ft?w ^tt ?tTO w f f ^ fffftw,
ff?Wf?tt? ( W l W t t t f ? f?-WRWtf, 0 1 ) I f f ? ^ ? 1 ? ^. b), W l W t t t f ? f ? - W f t W t t , 8i-(?i) I f t t t f t t W ? tt?J
( i o i o i o o o ?.) ^ wtf? f t ? ? I cl??fc?? T ^ f w ? t w 9m f?WC?? W?T f f ? ?tfS C5f f t ? ? I Wt?TTO ff^ WffSrTO
t t w f Rscff?
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W f t r o t t R f (?)
tsWHR? W?T Rf? Wtf? eiHh I f C t t t W t f f W 'StTt f f e s f%f? fwc? ?^ fwe f f ^ we? i f w w w w R f t i t ^ f*tw?
f t t W ? W ? W t-iicwf CW?, f?Cf?W tsi?# f ^ ^ 2fC?tSf%rat ftw f w , F W 1 f?ti W T ? T E W ? E F ffW, t i t ^ fR fwc? % 5
îro^ 2tf% fwf? wiwcw? ^ W?5^t fC??-1 ?1W-?tfWtCW?C?5 f ? E ^ T C ? , w|?t twwTff 'fttf^ I w t ? W N W wewt? iê
t?fwwR w t f t (fitttfw 9m) t t t t f wtft?f W5?tft <3 ttttft 3Tfef 9JW W W R?w fe?iw? (ffwe îtwt, (2-T ??, ww?
f?c?cf cw?t? >sRT fwf? csft? w t f w fc?? I fw? tr ttft tifrt, % i 8 ? - 8 ? ) I is.ovb fstew fiewf^ fwtue? F F ? f r ?
f%tf W ? # , wc? t f ? tft I WtWCW? WW f?C*t?W t ^ C 5 t f ? f f w t , f W R f t w?t?t f t f t t t t c f f t f t f t ftfet^tf
c?W? ^ ffW affwf? tf%W # i c w f f ? t t c w f cw? ( T f w w C ? T ? s F ttttf sftfew? f e ^ C W T T F W C ^stfc^*} ^ ^ s ^ ( ^ w
t?Wf??W, ^. bii-HS, i 8 o ; f?W; v|tWt f s i W , O ? ?t, Sot ^ - W T W W ffsiW, s f ??, i t tlfrt, (tb; wffc tfWl??,
tlWt) I fr? C5tt? ?6fCWCf? WW tic? W? Voo ttW?1W i i o o % ^Sb)I
ttfww t r f ^ ?t?if?i I fw? f t w WCt f f ? m f t ' O ^ ft', t W f R ftWe? F F ? W t f w ? E ? ? f t w ? w ? f t

W T T T S T T E ?
liift 1?^ f t t ' ww?tw l i i f t Wtt si^m sff^tt fRîiRw'i (% w f t t ? T tiSwcf t f t t w f?E?tf wttfw cm? twe^ t ? t t ^ fwt?
at., % bd-'bb) I iS.?V WCt f f t W W 'WftW' WW?1W? 2flt f w T io(2-i R . - C F S ; ftew i ^ I T fwe? fcttwf? ? J ? t t f ? t
t f t i t f (Governing Body) t f ^ ?? i f f ? t ? t ? tWW f?t"5t?te? m i w ? C 5 f F ? T - ^ T C ? ?ftw www? f r ? fC2i?
fICtt (W?ft WW?, wtftt-t WW?tW-t Wftw, WW, iS.(2-S. W?t? FW?Tillt? ( T I F F C tfttfWtW, ii(2--il) I
% V8-V(?) I - W W R F ? T W E W T I F T W W I T ^ W J 'O?F^F^=f W F T W F^t
tww t i W w ftWc? W f ?f? ftfwfl? w w t ? ?fl?lC? I f f ? F F W T F I T 1 F F ? I S T Ftt1t W T W E ? tttR

? C ? f F F W T F L E T ? - I F F
f t f t t tww ^c ft?f, f?w'w ^sjstttrf wwf^ f? ?5Rc R f F S J - F F W R ? [ f : F T W F I C T ? I W F S R ti?5e& I R W T T W E ?

W?Tt C5f?sc??l f r ? tWW^f'Q ^ W t W o t ? i O i V i S - i i m t W W F F S T W C F f f ? F T W w^f?t ^ ^ e w W!F?T #TW T ^ ?5fwt
'Wfttc? ^swc?f?' WCt >aft tftf sttfii ?? (wRf^twt, w w w F F W T C ? ? ( W F F C W T F W F T T W , [. ?s.) I W T W ?
f t f t t WlW? w t f w f 3 l W , WlW mtCf, ^. i?(?) I ^ F T ? ? 5 t ? C ? t f t f 3 i - F R W fwf*iw t ? ) I F L = I t ? t ? W W I T ?

t r ? f?fWt?f? tC?T f i t f f t t t t C f ftWtW ?W? WW ^S?1W- w t t c f f f ? t t t t S ( i ) f t f t ? f ? T F ? ( W T F T F ) , W W . C f t
tfrs-'fl? ?J?tt '^f? ft*t?tltcw? ?stWWCt? S t f f ? ? t ? ?W W ? ^ ?Rt, i t F W F , i V J s e ; ( ? ) ? ? F ? ( W F T F ) , W W . '2t?W
*i|ftPl view's! tC?J t t w t atbt? t w I i 9 t W^ttC?? S t C B f ? C?f mww w f , i t F W F , i S . o ; ( o ) C W W ^ F ( W W F T F ) , W W .
R l ^siftftt t t w t at?et ft??tf|ct? ( t t w t W*f?, i t ??, s s f cwww W f ? t i t F W F iS.oV, ( 8 ) C T T W S T ? ( W W F T F )
tiWt, W ? t i o ? 1 ; f t R t WlW? w t f w 131, ^. o?(j) I f ^ F ? ? F ? T E T T W F W , twt. F T C T C??twf^ w?tw F C ?

f w f f ? lilt w^wc?? t w f R fIctt I C W ? T W f f w W t H ttWttWf, i t F F T F i S . o ? ; (d) f f t t
wttt?tw-t tww-tft=^ iJiiJ* % srff% ? ? I t r ? (wft f^f (W-atftf), twt. C F T W ? F ? ? f ? 5 T , i t f W f i S . i i ;
WW Wltt?t-t tWW-t WlWW ( w w t ) I W^sWW Rfiitf (<b) t t w t W*f? ( W F T F ) , w ^ W E ? ' G W E ? # C ? ? F T F S T , w w .
C W ? T W W?ft w f t F ? W ? t W , i t F F T F iSi?o; ( 1 ) Wttf
CWW^ fffct? t w f fict? m i w w f WCWtC? W'ts}?=t
fRftflct? I t?i? m f?c?W?t t W f R ? witct fR ?ft?lf|ct?, ( W W F T F ) , W W . C T T W F W ? ^ wf?,- i t F F T F iS.?^!s; ( V )
"f??, f w , f?5?5 o ttewc f # c t w t t f ? w CWf fwe ifitwt (Wftf), twt. w?tw w f mTe?ff, i t
f oet? f^twtc? WW wcttcw? w w f R , t t t w f R fwff^s c?tt F F T F iS.?^!s I
T I T R T O W W i t?tw f w ? W W C T ?tw
cw^w w?fj?s (fwtcw cfjtwt, i o t ??, v t tiwt, tg i o 8 ? ) i" W W ? T F T T E W ?
f f ? w? tftwflct?, "ftwfR cwg ^c wcttcw?cf tf?w ffwt f ^ t ? T E ? ? I F C T f ? t ? T F W C T ? f ? ^ f?t? w?^ ? T E W

F C w t l f w ? f b fat I f t t fat W ? f f W f ? W ^ P T ^
ffwtt? WW W W f t f t t twcw wwf?? wtn? c?-wt ?stw
" W T F T , ?lt f?t? t W ^ f ^ W T I f 3 i ? T T F C T T wfwe
^tcc?'' (% tt-) I T T E T
?sfwtt? is?'!s wet wrtt?ii-t t w w - t ftcw wfw tw? W T T W F ^ mif?t? t t f w fict? I

wt?c?tf w e w w w tt<e? fW?'if ^ c t f f ? t r ? f?e?tf?w F F T is.o8 ^ . ^5te ? f f 3 i C?tef ^ F F ? I E F | C T ? i i s . o v ^ .
I f f 5 [ igt fte^ fwtflct?, W t ? w t t w Wewww f c t f?t? W O F F F C?Tt C W T T C W ? I F C T F F ? A P T F fwt ?tW fc? I
wR-îtw f ? ? t t r ^ R wRs ?tc^c? I '??tw w f t w t?5ct? tt F F ? f5R<2W? W W f f t w w T W F E W m i C T T T I C ? F F # ?

WW, t r WW f f w t ? WW f < CtttlW W T f ? t W W fCWWt; W T T T ?^cw 1 ? E T E W F E T ^ W E T F F ? 'f?f?t? F F W T ?T? I
? ^ f w ? f t sstc? ?if? f w w I wRew^ -g^H^^tt iflt i s . o i W B T I E W ( ? , 1 W F ? C T ? T W E T Ws?T? w ^
t t w f Rj|c?5t?
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Contents
A1S
Atwi? Atwra "su^ RC5f R R 9m w n Iimi JSnrntn 'snm^fn^ ixt^ntR tR>Ain S M T w n i '^jn 'wtnft mi
'strnmnw nntfR wt%t c m i R R niARcm wtRtft -^mstt^^ mm m cnen tAtn <^%sf n?^n ^te wnR ?mnS)%t
n % t m t w n i Ae ^tnntn, i o o v R./ teai, i o s e n / i i me, ni^nRrintn r
ijsos.(. Qiwm arn; R R cnn Rstm wtn w n i ^n^ntn m?m1nscmn
RninRt msitn ^m:^ mm w t A S I ^^nn^ nnn ^Ftfcns
^ ^?TRRr (^nf^) ^1 % msnm ^nn
A i , A A AO mtsm cntntcn ^ntm 'At'smn niARn wîRs mnnwt ^nRn mtm mfitat^ R ^ '^^mln i R ^ tnnpiA
^tfm ntn tme^ wtmn wRnten cnmnR R ^ w n i ^tnntem
t i A wt^ n w R f t f t cnt ^ n n iî^wn catt Atf nntw t p t m ntwrnf ntmnn ^ s m f ' s n ntwrnf mewt wR^nn ?#m
n?.mn^ Rem i c w c w tiAtc^ cnt ^ n n 'mr^ fsnRrf
m^^'Sfmstsen ntmafRRo^wn i nesl^ntnnfs'ftesfnts
ntmt wrnnlw ^tnttm (At#wo t^ntfrn, ^. iA*) i ^ttAt?
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i t o i e ne^ W A ^ I %rtt3? t>stif wRmn
i e
R^ 'mntntc?^ Sean tt-ssr ms aj., ^. ive-is>i) i

w n I mntf nnten w A n - m c s R t nR mnmmn ^ Mstnr
sf^tft 8 Rne^ SRRo ar^tR m n R ^ i ^ ( i ) ^ntin
^ itoitof . (wig.) intfw w i w T nA?#nA
wtn^ Alt, ^nRsi n?sftn^ ntn?p, ntsnt (itîc^f, iJtm istos, R A S A n i
f. i A 8 - A 4 , iOto-SS, O i l - O V , 0 { { - 8 o o ; ( A ) ^pSn
m^m.Rsemn
tnntn, ninRss *teaj # m >mnw, ntmi limevsft, "tn^ issii,
'srri Ri<iRT'srpr-RfTftns- ( j _ . j _ ^ i j_.i) (m)
wt.'. n. (%(.<=i^ S'f'i tnntenn stnn n%jpT, mRmR^ ntn 'wmgptA', f n m w (Smm)
wt^m^sn; c*tenf3^ nteît R R atfnR m w n ( t m m , o/An.,
-'sn^^l*P'si ( J I J J _ > I ) 8 RStn:gnmn (iovs-ioso) ^^trstn vAs) I Rmn mn 'Smtn, mm mn wt^ f Atm t m 'wttm;
t l A ^1llc<t><t c^Rai I n r w n i>ttiew t t .'^[nwn An
(ijtwm cmn cmnnmwt^m?^ (m)-c?s t m w t f t f A t s t n m
Rnt^R-^nnt^ ttAc^s msit (is> PE^nitn, iov>) w t f n n n
A t m nte?s i nrms mn S ^ - r n m mnm Rn mnn i Rrm-nrm
? # 5 r t
^!Aie<i* R?Aim ntn w n i ftentn tieA? ^ ( w t ^ m w n mm)

Swst Rem 'jmnt emrats mntemsi wtnn t m ^(mr-nRntem
m f m ^ - f n . H A N I C H ? -nR R?Ainem mRsns n t m mR %
ent^ I nmn n n m ^ cmaseiis wm atemwneme*! w i n R ^ n a
Rem*t nte*t i w t ^ m w wt^smn'fn ?5Ren mfm^^ '5AI^ ^sime^
mfs^ fin i^ iRmesn (wtn-Wgn-mfn, An., o i ) i mt^ntw
n # n # m mem i n # w n ^ ntsnn nn?it ftmrBn ge'f
(m) 'writ^' men nRf^ f l e m i ^ît mem mttrt ane^
mmn'^neB i
npjîatA (n) n-Rt w n , wt^ m w (m.) wtrnim Atew ^
msmRscmn
(fs1nft. At., A i 8 ) I sttfR 'wtm iSfAtfm5nn wtme^ 'wt#^'
ntesit Sean RSICAF I mmfmnn 'wt#^' ntrsin m w< wtftm
^ ^^tn^ s f H - ' t l ^ (5. wtn-matn) (cnt^'fcss wfnmft) (wtn-Ât^^, i"^; win-tnfw^w, ^. o;
t m m'^ wtn-mlwt, tmmn nme) i t m m % m ne wt^
^^^ >ji j ^ i ) iAn
m w (m)-c^ liitwm 'wi^<i' men msn ^ cs, fwR stnn f i m
8
stnmens c t f t s "sinRn *i^R^Rn i ^< m n wt^ m w

Ate^t nwjf^ flem. ( t n i m ) i mn#f 'men fwR 'R'^fR-'
^^tmn t s ^ ntftn t m ^5Atntn t m nint^ mf-în^ I R R
Smfsew nfnfsR m w n ntAtn w< nwrmf nejn f t f R
mtnF?t >tiiAici? wgntft Rem i Rm-'^ng^ (ntwmne'R f n)
m n ^ I enesr335 wesR m<n mmntn lilt n<RTs cs,.wt^ntw
men rnnrntn^ m S I n ^ Rnen jf^ sûm, tAte n^ i^f^mR^s
(m) Rem cnt m R RR m^g^^ (n)-iiin R'ntw (g.) nnem
<l'lRf WtCA I
^fBm 3nn '^pfsm ws^m.wtm nwj mnm f?mn <iRsi[|cnF i t s n
mmRsemn
Atwtn mA"?n wtn-'î<ij''|ii 'wrSt^"' mens wtn wen^ nnnrt
'^Rmemi
^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ - ^ , (<^jljJI ^1) {oto-o%
8-^. w t ^ m w (m)-iiin w^j e i i - i A i R R m^^tatA (n)
c t e n affnR nt, c t f n ^ptfnn ^^Rmfn^; c t % n n iAte4' wennn wi^stt n'sncsn cm? flem i ww.iis, wt^ ntw (m)-'iin
'liin âs^R^ nen ixtwtennfnm' nRm wf^Ro w n i R R wîi Atsifin 'wt^--^ (^tm)-iiin wimt n m nes wsffs,
IA>sr<e< a-o îs^ratosipi >j:< i
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Contents
W f W r o w r - R - f f (?t) W f t t f ? W t - t t - f f (?t)
W f ? t f ? (?t)%1tR?t?f%lfe=R( E . I . 2 - m ^ ^ ^ ^ t w t w f w t w f f l w t I ^5if?i(wtw t f ? w t ? ' ^ fC?? ( o / i

W T ? '5tRf&fi?lc??fStt ff??te??; R f t f t ^ t l t t 6 f ? ^ ) s f , i ? ? ) , fwft m w t R^tjlw t t t w f fict? I
(i) t f l ? 'WW? cttra? 1?? 'laiKRiii-ttW, w?i? w:^ W f W f ? ( W ) w f t w s t wtfttiwf m i w??ct? f t t w w ^
'^l?H?(t? (t?? W'W? ? ' ^ ^ f t l W ) W t t t (?1WW5 W?-f?t?? twcffwf? ^5[t%v^ f l w t I w t f t f f c f f w f ? f I c t t WI iBffcg?
t ? f t - ' W ? t W ? t w 1??t? f t ? t % t ? ) - i l ? W t l T ? I ft m t ^ f f s I W T ? -sffaj W f ^ ^ ( t ) - m 5t?c3j? w ? t f f
t t W t f ^ t f W Wt, ? ? l W f W ? R ( W ) - m twf??t?fl^?s%t W[?if f i t I t f t - f " f t f ? f t f w t ( W ) s f f t ?t^1? t t t t t T?1?
t W ? ^ f ? m t j R w f??T? ?5W I il?W? R f t ? WSt? t w f ? ? t f f W ^ (t) t w c ^ w t t f T s R ?j?T? ft?iiif|w?, w? m t
t f t t n o t t ? f f ? w t l t ; (?) tfWW cWcg? t f ?iW? 1?f 'Wt? ?tw <J??l? f R r t c ? ? W f W f ? ( w ) - m atfi w ? t f f t - w f f w i
t?t 'WW?, WT? W; 'Wff?-W?"Wt t f t - f t t f t T ? ? ^ t W ? f ? t ? f c t ? w t w W f W f ? ( W ) - m ffiw ft?c t i t ? t R f ?
'Wtw (W)-m wtl T?; t f f t f ?ww? tw f i t Rft? ttttt I ?CWt? W f W f ? ( W ) tf?-f s f w ? t f , ff? R f W Wftww
sfsttt??i??t?ifl?i t?? Wfwt?f-ii? t w I m t^wsir: ?jt^Ct? f f f t fC??, w f t c t ? t w t T O T ? fC?? Wfwcst?W
'w?'aWt tiw? 1T? f w w f t ^ t w ? I W5ii?, "wt^w? f l w ? f t f t ?5c?? m i tewT? f t f ttww R f W f t w w ??, f f %
"Wtw (W)-il? ^tt^tcg? W W ; ( o ) f t f ? cww? t^ W f ? , wt?tW?Cf www fC?? ( f t t f , f f w t f t - W f t W , TO 8 ; f f W f
W W f t t f ? (W)-m tC^ tfw? ftsi?t~a f W w t m i t t W t o tt?ttf1?t W t T O , TO 8(?) I f l f ^ p t ^ (t) t f c f t f w ( W ) C?t
f ? t f W W t 1 W f W f ? (W) WWCf W W f ft?iflct? ( f f t f t , W W Q R t W ? t <pt^<<ll|c<ni, t r ? W W g. f f t f , f f W f W ? W f t ? t
f f W f tt?tR1?t-w?tT?, w? 8<t) I ( E . i . ^ - m t t t w t ? >at ?lttt-<3?tTf?, T t f ? o ; f f w t f t ?ff1W, TO 8 ) 1 TtffW t f ?
f?ww? t c ^ t f c ? ? wt); ( 8 ) f t ? "Wt cwcsi? W t w f?w W f f t t - W f ? f r o W t - t t f ' w ? f c t Rf5t?tcw, W f ? t f ? (w)
t t t t t g?iwttf? w f t W f ? wtr? fwtw fict? i t f t f l c t ? wittf f W t t f ^ w w w t I t w c r o f t f ftw W f Wf?X?)
w r f t ? - m f t I w f t t ? (?t)-m WTWc? ( v R.) f ? W f ?ifc?? fIctt w f ^ i i t ? ( t ) - m mm\ w t t I t f w w f t f ? f w t
t w wtw? f f w ? T ? I W f W f ? ( w ) - m t R f t c t ? f ? "wf Îf-f?!!? ( t ) - m w?? f w ? f t f f w t tt^wflt I '^w?-
(W)-m t f t tTt? f f w ? ??; (a) w w f t ? i % r wt-?TR? 15R35? W ^ W H f W f w c t ? f l ? f f ? f t w >awt f f ? ^ ? t
t?ft-fr??tw cttc3t? T t f w f?ffif?wt, w t r ? t c w t f f p i ^ R ? ttS?tf|t w , W f f W ? (t) f w j ? t w w f f W W W f W f ?
wtt T?; t f f t?i? wc^R-'^^wt Wfw?5? (w) t R w t fc??; ctt ( W ) - m f i T T O W t t t ? f R : ? 1 ? f a ? t w f t f ^ f w flf^tW?
f ^ fttt? W f W f ? ( W ) - m #?c?? cf?R:f ? t w f l t i ajsit (t)-m w f #?c?? f t ? m f f f # lilt ftR f f w T O f i t
fttt? t ^ f o <M?iit| t t w ?t?iifl'=i I c f t w wt?j? cistii fig ( f f t f , f f W f tt?tRRt-W?ti?,TO-8<j-)I
f i c t ? 'Wff?-W?Wt; t f t i ? f?3!?fc? tt? c?s?t t^ ?iW? (?) t t w t f r e t ? f ? ?t'c i5if*igi? ( f ) - m t f % W f
WT? twflct? I f ? % 8 W-1?tf ( i t . , % i M ) t f t w t (WT?1f TW o / i t . ,
W f W f ? (w)-m f f w - w w t?t w w f t l c t ? I t r f r ? i ? i ) t f ? Ttwt? ( W t - t t 1 ? t ) ? ' ^ fC?t, W f t t f ? (W) f i c t ?
m t t t ? f ^ w, w t r ? ? i w ? 5tf? f ^ ? i f f W ? ( t ) - m # f f f t ? f t t t t w t f?twf I m i t t w f t ^ ? ? ^ f?5?ct? tc?j
ctftc f i t t t f l c t t m i w T T ? t t ? 5 ? w w ? # ? t f l c t t I W f t t f ? W f W f ? (W), W t f W ? tc*u ' w f ( w ) m i t f l w c t ? tc?j
( W ) - m #?c?? t t w t s^'B f f W f ? w ^ t W W f t ? f t t t t f w f (w) t f f t t t t w t . f ? t ft??if|ct? 1 t t w t f?ct? f ?
wttt w? I t t w t f ? c t ? tt? fwf? i j f l f wwt? ft??it îfwtw^ Wf?tf3(w)fTO??-twt'f5t?-2iRfRw??ttt^?c^
m w ? ?3?wf f i c t ? I ?T?w f t w f?fg t t w ?tw?tc? f i ? w WW t e t f f c ? ? I t t w w ? w ? t w ?tff?ct? R f t R f i t m i
tw? W f t w o W t C f t W f W f ? (W)-Cf wtt f t f w fSftw ( f t t f , W T W f t t t t f t C f f?t%T ff?W W o T O s t W f f i t I t r o f f t f
f f w t f t t W R ' f ? t - W f t T ? , ?t?-8(j) 1 w f ? ? e t ? ??W fwf? (?) f r ? T t f ? ( t t f ? ) .sttt " f f W f WWR"f?t-WfTO"R t W ^ -
t?tstt 5 t W Wfts wt I t f t t l ftsf?C? f ? - a twt? ?J?W f t w Wsa R?T1? (?S>) ? W t f?WC?? WWC Wf3:w? ( t )
? t w <3 w t i t w t t w f t t f t f w f l c t ? ( t f ? wwt, W t - f t t t , f w ? W T t f c t ? t f ? t w ? f l f f ? C t ? WoJtTO-te,fv5C?? f W
R w t f t - W W ? , t t f t - W W ? ) I fwf? WfC? ?T?W ?5f?Ct, lilt ? f % ?t?lC? I i t t??t?'^C R W t W f f W t ? W f T?? W f
?T?W ?t?t fwf? l?t WW?t? ^^?tf|ct? I wtw? W f t W f T W W f ? ( W ) - C?Tt W? w t I ?ttf?Ct? WoJtTO aSRttW f R
WfC?^ fffaj f f ? W W ?8 2 ?? Wttcw t f W 5 ?ft?tC? 1 f t t w W f f W ? ( R ) W W f w ? W f f t t t t T O ftw? ?w? w p R
t f ^ w?tcw? ??tcw t f ? wwt f ? i t f c t ^^w^ ft?R ct? I Wogf? f t t W t C t ? f ^ f t W R t f t W t t ? ? 5 W ; s f t t
(^)-il^ ifit tj%# W^fw tt?lc?, w t t f ? 1 ? f C t ? tC*lT t f C f W t w f^w? i f i T O w ? ' ^ ^ t <3 "Btl^w? fit=ii<p mi i^^r? t w ? t t t j
ttwf ffttCfl?
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AW
n^tjt fin wtf^tePR %m I m w (nt) -f^fnn fwR mAn Atmtcsn m 1 wtm nm, m^^3^ (n)'s wtmn ncm
olâiA (n)-"^ m ^ ^Ftfwwn Rfi''t I A J nsmn i f%? tmncn Rsinw ntw?pj fin 1 (n) mtsRsm nRtn ' ^ t n ^
c^cjfa <PIRM<II mm sjmn n#?t ^mitmstm %iiiiic\?i Sc(f5t wt^ nHr mi. wttcw wnem*i afwitAtesn f n w mte *icHc<]t
m w (m) '(Awtt '^sflm tmmim -m wif^lnfnm man w n i mttf% ^.Inslflcn't NtR^nfens nem 'Smn (m)- -^m^
'tef? nnfsn :^!flm mpn-cmnfn mn^^ ^ Snfw flenn], f^sf isfi^ mssn (m) fnf^nrs ^tii^âiA (n)-'im fnwtc^
wtn-nnm cmcnn cmm twi-^^'tPlmt-'^ m^f wtmn n t ^ ntc^ wRîw af^ w n I fwRt flenn attn mf^ fnR nnatnn
nj? I t w t ntf}m wtmt^ fstîni nscm, "esptmn mtcm:inf'' ?litnfmm n f ^ wt-s.tn Stnfl; ^^fnc w s t Atntflenn, \r/b't>o
S'sm fwfn n%nn, "wtmn ^'sn mtntms nHfw ^ R ^ I I C A ; wtm men n ^ fnwcnn nfoen ntAm cnm Rsifin 1 A ^ S R S R
'^rilc^fl 'STO c^ntxa f?im tmmw r t^-mf^mt ncnn, nf^tca "gnnmncim tc^ nr^îaiA (n)-isin test ^tmn mn fin
"'mtR <ii5innjR Rfn ntltramtt^ mean m eon^ S I A I C * nftfs Cmw-wmtf, % i8b-) I ntfnstn^cAS w i ^ wtAm C F W C ^
nsm ntn m 1" wwiiin, tfji-niffm wtmms nFm Rmtm mii?H . nsnf? Atstfin (i,mft, f<>^Jin-mtTf) 1 t-n Rstfn ^smm
liini nfnrn ftwsc'sn nn^ fwR vi^tst *i)tH w n t 'srt^ nten n ^ fnfww An 1 cnt nnn m^^^ (n)->ira t ^ ^ n atcsctn
ms^ (m) wm t ^ mm a t ^ ?5t ^t^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ I P K J S I I W H I ^dP^ nn'T'sm nT?[ S|tn ^ nt^^âiA (n)-'i>n nw m t ^ m w
ntîl^l^ (n) ntmfwnc^ tntiRn (nfm) ftwncsn wgnlw (m)-'s Stfnt % n n 1 ftwf s>n nten fwR 'mf^-AH^ fnî?
atmn '^Rtn mt^ m ^ (m)-'s ntîîpt^ R?f& nfm- f t w n m m 1 nt^g^pA (n)-'Sin iftncFn ctnRe^ w ^ ^m tfw^ n^fSfcn
wgnf&aftsjRrwn (^prtff, f%wt^-mm)5pn, n-Air) 1 nr^piA (n)' ntmfkw wtif mssn (m) m m t w tntnfw '^Rew R c # ^
nmm, "'ffn wtmww t*ttf mnt w ; cwm wtti n^R wrfn^s -AtslUcnni
ftwntws/w^pifw ntw ^?FRn r mwgtn m^=g[itA ( n ) ftjsfncws (>) x s f t ^ - m ^ (^)-m f^ntin**!*! ( i i / t o A - i / < ! 8 ) s
wiOTt nt^snsRcn w i ^ n t ^ (m)-c^ wtmn n w ^ m?ttfw W R Answ iÂNIH (n)-iira ti%<Men<t f N ? fin n n atfwflw gnfnn
ign^ wtmm ctttcn nfntn ten nft'fw An 1 tRmcm ''?tn t4w m^tewjn wm ^ssf? wfw m#ns -giw 1 -stfmn wtnn'tntt
tsAln ^tAlwnc^ ml!3n-atAt '^^ l c' Atsifln 1 tAit fin 'm^nt^ fnewem nm^cw .ii^RSRe^ ctm ncnRscFn nmtntm*f '^fnc
. (m)->an ^flncnn tnsi cJRnmn fnn 1 'miTA^'wim wtn-^nwttn w ; f^ 'Smn (m) 's mmi ntAtf wtAtcnaess mt^ m^
"ij.t'SttF? ncm ffitn"' (< s 8 0 ) 'mtjtn wtmn mn 'sim nsfsm iît (m)->iin nrn'mtw ajAt ^fnew W R I mt^ ntsm (m)
wl^^tlf nAR tpfw nsc?R 11^ iif ms .cllmn t n t ^ , "m=ii,?ilA (n)-'Sin n%Ft" ^ttR atAt w n t nse?i^ fm t n fwR
wtAtn tfMtc^ w t i t t 'Stmt's, S^ntnR (m), Annw 'wftm (m), nfnrn n m m ? f ^ m n f | w m^ .^JCA ^stmn nin"AR i^Ri^R
mtnm (ni) ^ 'wm^^ (m) nfmn f l w ^ w n 1 'sti^ n t ^ wnifnicn mfn^mn ajAprn t n n ^ s t n A ^ S m m t s n
(^)-m 9m w t ^ f A t ^ (m) n^tst mfwt mn mt. wtAtn ntncm cmfc^ oafRw wRntcm Rnsf& m t ^ n t ^ (m)-'fln mncn
*wt^-mAnR mpr "^c^ ^pnntnciin Rtc^ ^ w n , ^tf|w A S I b- ntf'Sn-wt'snTn, i i ftwtt cntw Âtf^nrn
wen n ^ R'Stcsti j c ^ fwR tnnfn afAt *f5?ilf|cn-j 1 n f flu wt^ nt^53^ (n) Sntm (m)-^^^ AJC Rîifsw -^^ttiwntCftn twt^
ntw (m),m^ Aifn? t ^ - m ^ cttcsit wtn-nt^ nA^tn m^'ft ^fsntflenn mi 'Snm (m)'m^nt^ (m)-c^ wtmn nc^
1Antwni camt^fsntflmn im^3^(n)->iintl%s!tcnnwf iiit^'?Rw
i f f His WtAtn w i ^ T f ^ flenn mfnwt tnn nmn (m) mw I 'm^nt^ (m)-iiin f^nt^Ptw n t ^ tn mRitetn f%mR
(^sj^-ttm), fnR tnn#mtn ^^TAin ^ Atsiflcn-t 1 nfnrn wa -tfewo RcgiCA*) w i ^ ms%B mmf tt liit ipi nw ntnm
m^^l^ptA (n) nâftn est ^Rnf^nf? f ^ t ^RmRenn, S A R '^tn tmm*f cm,. ^finnRs 'Snm (m)-'s cnt men 'sifwmnf? mnm
fin ntAn 'lA'nn mn^ ^ 1 ? tsi^n ninew 1 wimm nnfwn t ^ t t ^ flem I f^ w t ^ n t ^ (m) ntAtfem news fnemR^m
fSi^tn Spsfct Inrn '^R?U '^Rf? mn ^sRmflcnn; R^ m^3PtA (n) nem, "mtwfAm W R , n f m nR i^^t w m ^ "^tm te^
mt^ ntw (m)-css s^RHJti îpi tfnett*! '^fne ifnsilAcR 1 wt^ cs, #nwg wtfmt wmm Mt ttfsm ?tfncw mc^, wmf^ wiR cnt
ntw (m) n ^ Atew cs ^ Aiwtn fÂin ntm tiPilI|(.=ii wtm wf^stncss ;^?tw <iil^c ttfm m ntm csnctn mtttcs nt^^îptA (n)
Atc^ttAW tRc*tt*t ('9siflcnH I Rew atAt j>t5sif|cnH' 1" wwgtn fwR cnt wfwntnf? catnt
spmntncim ncm 'm^nt^ (m)-'i>n wms 'sifn^ Rctn^ s w n I
mt^nttsn (m)-'iin w i t 'wttm (m)-c^,ni^g3mtA ( n ) fnntA wt^nt^ (m)-'i>n f^tnfFtw snn fin nt^t;^ n'sm fw^r ntn
n5Rm%mt 1 f%R m ^ ^ ^ ( T ) - > a [ i i tt;?^ ttRroon, mnn 'mutest "iittn Rn I R ^ 9îtn< wf^m??^ nnnt wtmc^ nnwjtfem
t n n t f fs'^jmn
t.R.Voto
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Contents
W f t t r o W T - R ' f f (?T) ?br? W f t i r o W t R - R - f ^ - (?[t)
wumrora wnw TOs rrfroo t?iiRi i f^ttme? w t ? l t i ? Wf?iww ^ s t 3 t t ? R t g t f t t ? t f W f R w f t ? ? I Wf

t t w RR m ? w s ' s R t t i t w t t T rosf R t m f f e r t f e w ?Tf? (W) ? f cttattRtt? t w "mm t t ? ?j?Tt? t^t?? i
%iW(OTtRrwWWcfawt^?%ti;? iwtroiww trt WWtt? WRtft ttWtt? ttt R R w W W I ftw
iaR)îPt<p 5?,i(.<p "RfH f ^ ' RtW f % R o f R m w ? , f w w ? WW wwf R s f f ? c w R t f / w f 'boo-m a i w R t f t^ftw?
tw % f stff? WrWRR; W W W f f w W W I ? t t w i f ? R t g i ? t ^ t ^ t t w f W ^ t W i l t I R f L. Caetani f % w
i ^ i w w R w t t , f?Wt?w J . Wellhausen (Skizzen und c t f t t f t ? t , i i t w Rtgi? ttt?itt ttt?? WW f t ttt??
Vorarbelten, b t . , w R ? , ^. 1-oi) L. Caetani 2ft?lW? R t ; w f t t W 5 io/'bos W t t w i l t t f t ^sfRtf?
(Annali, ? t . , e8i-b-oi) f W t f?1? c s f ?5C??, affwit^ WtToRrr
i l t f ^ R t W ^ M w f 1 f ? ts? i l t f W I ? t f ? ? t i s ^ ? R f t w ? W f 3 ^ ( t ) Cttww R R w ? t t f 'Jtw Ci2f?t f f w i R w ? ,
f W ? ^?flf R R W ? R t I ? W t W W t f ? 1 W W f W f ?RS?R?5 WtTt t r fftw? w,?iffw? (t) w ? ? c t w w% f w i n ?
f??tw? m f t CW3'tf?'=tw'5t?tflt ? W ? mft/STtRr? W f cw52t RR?i? t f t ' s t ^ f t R t w t w f w W W ? ' s ? ^ t t t R
rt I woiii?, t f t f ? W t w ? R?5WF w W w f t t w ? f H t , w f w i w ?sf??ff?tt? I W f ?f?R ( W ) - t T ? W t R f ? ^ t W C f w R s
w ? f f ? bRg R w w ? R t W T T t w t ? f W I ilt tft f i c t ? I w t t f f ? f^twwt? wf?^fi?tt? ffifw ^5Rtr?f w ? ? c t ?
W W i f t W ? t?f? ??lt C f g Rt; t T W ? W:*!! 5f1?1t W W f t t W ? f?tgi? f?^ft?? w t t??f5t? f | c w ?FFFW^ ( t ) - i i ? tRfwt
WW R t R s i ?tf? R e t w ? 2f?35f I w i w w ? W 5 W T O t w "wa ? % " W f f f tww tw f t t t ( W ) - i l ? C?wt^ f f w t ? t W I C2f?tt?
t t w ^ s f R R s f W T ? I w t w w R t t?1WW W t - W t > e ? T t ftWCS? w t t w WIW fItt? I W58t? t?TW?W f W t f t w
W t - W f f , t t t w w ? ? f T f w Ctfra? f W ? R t f , W t f t , t f w f W t W t f w w ^3 f?To ^W W f ?f?R (W) w f w t f f t ? l f t (?f)-Cf
c w w f ? ^"tt??'! w t f t cwtai? W w t T I tRR w^w? t ? f t f Ci2f?t f t ? c w c f f w t fl?f f t ? t w t I t a t w w W f w?s?
w t K w w R w ? f W f ? s f f R o R t RR^ ? f t I t f w w s ( W ) - i l ? ftWWW t t t t t "tWffSfW"? f W T T ? I f t f t t
tf?5twww w f f R ii?i t f w ^tcw c f R w f w R R w ? Rwt i^fwWftf t t iat t?5T f t w w c t t w t f ? ?'Rf f t ? f t W il?? i l t
w n w f ? f t w?f?twtw iat t r o t R w f w ? w ^ R t i t?fww t f t f W i ? c?t t w W f R t t t g t f W ?t?ic?, t ? ? f wtt?
sitwTffw? w w f t t ? W f f W ^ (t)-ii? t R w w ? f f l f t '?F t t ? ? f t w wfw t ? w ? m t r t w f f f f f f tt5ft?itT t R f s ?
^?rtRT if?? W f ?ff? (?f) fîwww W T W ? t? www wf?t tf? tff?w ?t?lc? (Wellhausen, f . f . , % oi-iio; De Geoje,
(^?f?W tf? W f t - W f ? ) W t - W R f ? W t - W t ? f W ? t'ltf^R^ Memoire sur la Conqauete de la Sjoie, ?? t?rot,
"5? t t w w t f ? ?f?t ( w ) - i i ? w w e ^ f t t w t w ? i f f i t R?ft w t c ? i S i o o v j . ; N.A. Miednikoff, Palestina, St.
wflf RRw wtttffw tfw? wwww? w w f t R e g i f cWat Petersburg i b - i s i - i S i o i vj. ( f W f W W ? ) ; Caetani,
t f t f WiFtW? C5f w ? ; R f W ? W W wfTW fW-WttW ? f w Annali, ? ? o ? t s ) i
ttw wtRw ^ 1 f t R t 'SttTWftf Rf?W ^ t c w - R R w w R w W f W f ? (W)-ii? t R f t t t ? t w w f t t (W) tfft owft
w R w t f ^ ? f f t (W)-ir? w w c ^ m f t R ? i t ' J t t J t t R s t f w ? w t - f W ^ c?wc^ t R b t f t w W f W f ? t w o ? t t t ctit3!? t w
t w fRtw Ci2t?f f W W I I W R t ( W ) t t a t t t f f W t i w t t w ? f t f t w ^t?1 t ? l C f ? f t t f W t ? 'S5tcf|ctt m ? w f ? RT5l.f?t?
fWi ^"WsTWP W i R w ft?? ig??. t ^ ^*tt? <si?W?1?ttf fwt fwc5 tff -istftflct? I f f f f t f f ? w?w?f?t w t WW?
f R w t t w t t ? WfWwT R w t W wt?? I tT?' w w t w f t f t ? T t f ? f t f ? ?sf?w f w f t w w f c ? ? I f W W w w c t t w f f W
tWtai? CWt?5W W W f T ' - m t ^ t R w T f t f W il??. W f ? 1 f ? W t , f f f f t f t t ( W ) W f t f C f ? fwCf W W W m ? . w t f f ? W W
(w)-ii? W f t w f w ? f w I ?twiffw? tw ttifttftr f^ R T : ? f%f c f c w I c t t t f w f f ? ? i f t t w fww, î?l=i
t?tRw ^ twww? W f W W W t t w I ilt f t ^ ^ tt^ tw ? T W W ' W t ? t?ft-'WR'-il? R W ftft T ? RfTW
^WTtw? t?Wf ifw f w ?>e?T? ? t ? t t t w t f T t f f T|t-Ww f f f s f f l w f c ^ R^ f i c t ? 11^ R W f T W <fif f??l& w t t i f f ?
( f ^ - f t ? ? ) t t w l R f T o f?1 W I ( ? l f t t - W > Q ? I t i V w 4>oo) I t i f t f ? R l [ f ? ^tWflct? I f t t W t t t ? ilt t f f t tiftf
i l t f t ^ t t w t t ? 5?t W ? f W ? R W t W R w G R?W ?? il?? W W t H - t W ? c f ? f f t f / ^ W t b'SS W W C W ^ t l W t t I f W ?
t?TW?? w ? i ? f t R t R ? 3 t i f w Rfen W W itr? t? w R t t ? T ? f Wt-WW?R1?? ( t w o Wt-W1W?11W-'fI? f?f ?ff)
(?1) t?1tf? R t f W t ? ??f? 'jRR t?ftTtt? W % 'StRte ?w t i w t t t t ? f t ^ f a p t t ? t W f w f t ? t I'5ff?itfW W f ?f?s?
i i i ? ? ' 5 t f ? f ? W ? f t t ? c ? w t ^ t t t ? ? l ? W ? t ? ? R t f c?lt c?tt ( W ) t f ? W Wftcstjo t t W t t ? f?Wt?? f W t ?5t?t I t T ? f?
^5[R?t? csBt f e w 1 ^-=1^ C t w t R w t - f ? t R ? t w w f t w w ftR?n? f t t f ? f r ? f?tft fl% ( s j f f w f ^ I CWf cf?t
t t w f f?fcff?
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Contents
Wf W R - R - f f (?I) W f w r o W R - R - f f (?i)
W f W j f l W T O t R s f w c t 5t?f rol? 1mm ^?n%i, ^ t ??c?? wTtet? WW R l f f W T ( t ) ftewt f w ? c f t w t c t

1?Wl1t.'fg?C?l f ^ W f l C t t , " t f ^ ^ W f t l T C T O f t f f t ? t W f t W f ?tfe??f?f5
w?ra IwT W f t ''fW? t ? . ? ? i^[WWt-ttw, w t ^ , ê t f t e t w f f f t t T O f i ? t w f l " ( f f i f , w w f f f t -
>!}08 W W W T T O Rrot wcaj W f W f ? (W) t % w t ro?? mi W t t l ? , TO Si) I.
W f f W ? (R)-'ft? f?c?? w r ^ w w t f w r o f W T H I f%f? W5r3 f f ? ^ vs W f t f W ? W f W f ? (W) fICR? f f f ^ t R R ?
W T O t # ? ? W t ? fficâ-^ I t^ti:; s^t'^C?? cw? t i ? ft?T w i f*iwff I f f f t fCt f f t W f f W ? ( t ) - m we^ f i c t ? i
W f W f ? (w) f r o Rw?t?TO twm? ?5Rw%wT f w e ? t ttese? c?f w ^ te? f W f?f? W f f W ? ( R )
frot tre w s r ^ T ?R?it? I W T O t te c t t t t ? ft? -m t t ? t c?f tf ^ I f f ? ?fc??_fc^ (?? ft.) W f f W ^
t w t t ? ro?? w t I I f f tf? T"'^ ?5f??iilct? ?Rw ?iw?t ( R ) -m t f f f f f t f c e fIctt I t^ct? f c i i ( o ? ft.) f f f w t ?
f%t c T O t ro??, twct? te ff? i ? ft. w e t ^ C WW fWi? cwff?w cfet ws Wf c?tw WWfft?et W ? T
ffl??i w i t w M<m t t w C2t?et? f t w ^ fraiiif|ci'((i?tfl, ^Wflctt; f f ^ WTCW ^ "^1"^ '^f'^ WffW? ( t )
-m tesf f l c t t , W f Wf? (W)- f r e w ? ^mf^ f i c t ? i f c ^
t?iWTO f w t f t t f t f?ro^ f ^ ffic f?iw w t f f ? w t?w? ftft c t f ^ W f f r o n ? ftre? ^ t ^ we?t?t ff?w
R f f t ^ t w f l c t ? I twc j t T O (W) f ?we?? t?,?^t f?te? f e w ? ro??, "fwwt #f? we??" W f f ' d i ? ( t ) -m
fb'sife'B 5t?t ,tfet? I i i t w w fR t # f i W f t i r o (W)-cf fRCffaFCt; c r o t ^ W f t c t W f f ? R 1 ? f?TO W f W f ?
f ?we?? w ^ f t m3i ^ff?w t = f < srttfie? ftff?^ ff?TO ( W ) - m w t ?f?w w e f ( f f t f , ffTft f w T t , TO i^s) i t r
?3?tt ff?e tR f?i? I f % F r a ^?te? w ? t t f ? wf? (W) W?t f W TO, wfrow f t f f W ? ( t ) - m te?t W f t t r o ( w ) - c f
t t f S S :y[1^.pitef fêf W?W WtCW m^ t ? f t ? tf fC?? I f t t w t e f ? c t w t f t w te? ft? i wwf?e?? f c i ; fsFCt? ^
w t e w f t f f ? ^ t f r o f ?we?? ât f t t t s t w t f t W f , ?Tf? f t c w f ? rot f t f R t f w i l t f t t ^ ? ? 'stw tfwct W f ?1?R
(w)-ij? # ? ? f t t 1T? fte?, WIT? f ^ t ? t r o (W)-'f[? ( W ) - R ? r o ? f w ? W T f W T f ? i f 3 ^ ( R ) - m t i < n t f e ? ?
f t e ? . i R ? W? t ? t f t r f l t f t T i f t i : (W)-il? f t f S t?ftff w t (W-1?lf, % i<bbo) I ,
tl#ift?iet.ti?fw5 f i t I f R W t , ? l f ? f f f TftTS W ? fTe,tf% ?t1 ?lf?llf, W W

wTOrisRsi s W f t i r o ( W ) - m bf?^! mS\ t ^ we?? f i t ct, ? ? f - f W ^ T5re?t? ^ ^ t ? ?Ttwt? f f ? ffef? t i ? t f fliw? i
trot f c t ? f t t w e ? ? # u t w W t ^ 'stw ?%ie? i c?t t t ? t t w t f?et? t ? fit <t'\<ibb\ nt f f f w f l c R ? I W W te^^
t t w e t ? w?l ct?it f i t m^ w f t t f f ^ f t w , c t t t t ? ?if=l?il? ( t ) - m t1%fiet? f ? f f t f?ft c f t f W W ? ^
ff? w't t f ? wff W f f T R (W), t i r o (W), T t T l (W), f i f w f ^ t ? I t f ? W e t ? w T t t f T 5 fe^ tw? t c f t ?ftwc? (V^
f T O ? (W), 'W?f?-?T?'TO t f ? ' W W ( W ) , W f t t t r o t t., i S ) ' f . ) I w?iTO, f ?w? o ? i f ? . ' 5 b i mi ? t fme??
t?f?T-Wt?W?" (W), t ? T O t f ? w w t ? (W), W f w w w (W), Rntte? f T ? ffef? f f t w t f c f t f ? w R (?/? % i>> t . ) ,
t f t ' W f f t t - W T O O WlWT t f ? W t t (W) t ? f t - ' W e t R ?T1? i ? i f ? i ^ - ^ f f t w .(t. i ) , i ? i f W t - W f ' f ? f c t W R f
f?f^ cWfew?ef t t w t f r i t ? WW t p ; ?#?tf|ct? i wtw? ttro^te^w^TOi
atwe?? ft?et w t T ? R^ltet? tc?T W t w ( W ) 'W?fsit^. (W) ,f^fwwwct f f ? R t R f t w t ste fe?Twttf?if c? w w
mi TW? tw?et?;CWWt 'Wft? t f ? f W t w (W) ?^ct f ? t .fffe?, f w ? ftew? ?<Rt ?tcôt W W wpn? roi TO,
t t w t 5t?t ro?? I t??>if f t c t wtw? f ^ - W W - s t t w t 5t?t "Wft f t t W t e t ? wif ^tC ?eR1W?T f ? t f f f w f l mi ctf^f
ff??lf|ct? I t f t f W f ^ p ? (t)-it? ftftwfWe^1f?iT? Wf55 TOI t ^ f t r o t fffllf? I f t t t W e t ? fît?i t w c t ? Cft?
M f Wf?^ Rtte? 5t?t f R t i f l c R ? I t t w e t ? WW fft 1 f ^ W T O f t e ? t f ^ W t l " ^ ^ f J f l C t f R f T O W f t ? T t Cft?
wtw? ? t - R W t f?wt?i fte ff%, WI w t I ff? ww? fff^ f f ^ ?lf^ TO w t ( t f f W R , / i t., i o S ) ) I W f W ? f C ^
Rtrff, c?t? f f w t .(?t), 'Wft? tf?ifti??t (w), w % i (w), W T ? t t ? M t Wfsff W T 5 ? te^'S f f ? f T ? , R f t ' j T W t f f t f f W ?
f?TI Rt<5ftWt (W), Wtf??Tt fff f W W t (W), t R '*)tflt (W) O ( t ) -m w t c ? f?w t f f t ro?? I t f t - R s f ? WW f f w f ^
f t t f W (W)-cf atR ff?w W T O f R w r ? ? I t t w t f r e t ? t t ? wftwe??, ?tf^w? ( t ) - m lit f c ! ^ w?le? fR ?et?, "ww?
tT??J?TO'5l|RTWI?ft?Tf,ttwet?wwtw? t?bfe?? o f T ? ?Tft" ( W f R ^ , ffWf?-?Tft) I f ?WC?? t t ?
mi w f f b TWI? e R ? t f T O f w t f t ? ^f m t ww?j? f???ft t f w f T ? fbW? ? M f I ?tf5[W? ( t ) - m
t c R c f t?i5 <pwi I f ^ T f t e t f r ? w e ? f f ^ f i t w i f r o ^ t ff f w ? C??if W t w w fl^, iîl-it âTf^W^ (t)->a^
t t w f fffew?
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Contents
AV8
n?t*ROTn 2itw wiAR t i t n l A H f R % t I Rfcsm w r f t n - w m Watt, Mohammad at Mecca, m w t ^ IS.DO % ,

Wttm^ ATN^; ( I D ) Becker, The Expansion of the
wt^-T1fm-nIR%,M<f i A ) I ' ' Saracens, Cambridge Medieval History-'Sra nstt,
I S I I A ' ^ . , A T . , OAS-OSI (Islamstudien, Leipzig ISAS
R ^ wt R R m^g^ptA (n) -m (STVS8|>1l W R , % i n . , toto-VA); (ITO) Atfti^s-mAnR mn, ^ F M ^ - R ' ^ - ;
"tpROTn m:*!! w f R t n n ^ - T O lam n i R CSS ?" sincm, (II) m m f , t m s n - t m t ^ , mtwnn^ i5so in.,
" w t ^ n t w (st) (ipttft, R^l'St>|'i'.itPi A IRF-FIRISJ, <(tA V - I ; ( i i r ) m A o n t t n ^ f t A , tsHi'i-nt^; (i5) W T N ^ - m t f n
R o t ^ wt^Fflsn-fSWR, ^ Wtn-WtntWS W F F F S , ntn o ) I InntntssfSt, t^tm^^FTT ntttm; ( A O ) m * ^ wtgntft, t n s t ^ - m m m ,
littsRj %m (nt) n t s 5 ^ n t g n i t n m w i ^ n t w (nt)-cs5 ncsft*R i n . , is>j-OAI; ( A I ) MIA"NR m t w t m m f , R ' ^ *
nslnnt iPtslfAciH s wtntn '^\m(M4 nnnin, wiiiicn^ ntm 5n<(f^ssi m t w m . AN N ? ^ n , tgft i5TOI ( A A ) 'wtwr ^ 5 # N - F N , Abu
mi nt^^flA ( n ) - ^ nnttn^ tarn nrt^ (^ntft, Rm^ n n n t t R Bakr.; ( A O ) -ÂMn ^NTNN Atnsstn, W T N - R ' ^ - M T ^ m w ;
wtn'Attsn-nttntnT, mn-a-) i i o t t w f n A A ^ f m n t n - S ^ twtn ( A S ) ' m r m i n - A ' T ^ ' , W H - ' M T ^ , MT^N ISOD % (AA-)
tl^4H W R i n t A i n wt5f-wt^"^Ttnn mntn "'(ltf ^^t liinn 'mtn^-ntttn mmtlft, ^ T ^ - t n " ^ * , ssfmnm I O I O R . ; (ATO)
m^ # s t F n w n n R ntAf titrmn '^gmn TLÂicn 'wtf Ainmn, ASSW m\ msjs. AN n i ^ n , '5'it t n i i A 'mwtA'FLM
w ^ n % i W\" I i o n r R . ; ( A I ) ' w i n ^ ntA^nn WM-'mtssnm, ' w t s ^ i l s m ^ -
.srxr#t g ( i ) w t n - f nwtn, s> g s o t . S>A S i i [(tntn R ' ^ ' , tnnn, ST|W^. R ' ^ - - t ^mt^, tnnAf^pfn t n m f f w ,
t T 3 n - w t f ntnn, ^^nrsn-ntncnn wtntw 11 j .-J mtAin I S I D I % ; ( A V ) m A I'SRÎFF mtARR, - m f n - t t n m n ,
w t ^ n t w (ST) n t c wnitf A^SICA ) ; g S (ttA 'ssiln^pitA a m 'n I
Rt^sicAH, wts^ n?,n]SS wis^^nrntsn nt wtstwl? w t ^ n t ^ ' W T S ^ - N T ^ *Sntn W.Montgomery Watt (m.m.t.)
(nt)"Smn (nr) n t t ^ n t t s n A^SICA); AS gAA; s^ g i a ( T ^ LII.'IR.'iin. niA!Bn N ^ ' F ' I M
wtnrtn n4nt w n - , , S^ wtntw m w (m) nttss" mtnn
AtsicA); wt!in-At?Ft mtn-sttAf, m m n t ^ - ^ , tnnn, % A V S ) ; J J I) 8 ^. 58 R , -Âtmn M N M T ^ m w w t n , ^ît N T T ^
a i g i o ( t s i m ^ n - t ^ , S V ) ; a g d i (mtn m ^ n t ' T ^ - Rmtw I'Anms %m (m)-m wtntn wj[ 1 R t % R n t s wmmnt
^tm^t, A ) ] ; ( A ) w H - A t f ^ , (^) ^ntft, tssm^ W f t t R ^,N^NTs5fsmnfntntst^sm'rigRflmwnmtststiwm 1
wtn'Altsn-mlnlsT, mn e; t w i ^ - w t ^ p f n , mn i o (wm-wtnTsp, A l f i m w ms<i^tlcnn; nAmf^^^tAin ^ t l n 1 Sntnit N ? f s
mt^-^); t % m i p r - ^ mn ia-, a-i; f % m i ntmR tnn-mtnmtn, mn n%Ftnn, tnttms ^sns^-mRss t n n N T N ^ M N ''ttrnt^ srm
As, o o , sa-; R m ^ - m i A ' m n , mn a-i; t^m^-snsnm mn s; SSFSTni
t%m<p-mmf, ntn AV-, oa-, ^b, i i s ; t%min-tnmA', mn i i ; mtmts'jitmn
t%m^-t%mn, ntn iv-, is, i^s; t^wift-mARtw, mn ia-;
t % m ^ - s i w , ntn ia-; t ^ w n n - w t n R , ntn s^; fmr% ^ ^ ^ t ^ *^rt^ (5. t n n TASFT)
tntwmmtwn-'pwiiftn, mn-o; ( n ) ^prfnn, R ^ i i n - f w A R , ^ t^>fmw ( j j l j ^ j _ . l ) g
m^n-tnmtn t s n - m m t m R "#t nm^ssiR mnfsn, n f g w - w R ^ I O V - o - I S D A , tsnit NTW m R , nA ^fmttr AR^ atetm 1 M N

m i^mSn gntn^n tnn-Smm; (n) m t ^ n t ^ , ts5m<in-nt^ 'wtsgn-ntAnR t f F w t f n t w t ^ m ^ , wtn-tnm*F^ n i t n t ^ 1
mmrm m f A ( o ) T ^ R m n , ^^t.; ( s ) mtss*f (mt[. mRR Waffw'MN--mmsin-WF^mn t ^ - w t n s TNN-m'si^ ^NTSJ-ntAR
ivvA 'tt.; (a-) T ^ m'n o/i n., iis, ia-A, A O O A %; (b) '*4ilRisi- *('i<M<i WJ^ 5^nj<FH AF^ I M'G!?FI wflntsj ts^N Atift wtm
w t w - w i m t , i t . , iVito-Aiss; ( 1 ) mtn-ntmfft, ^b, sv, NT^tfnfnn wtnnt^ sfsai N K N N W M îm AR^; m ^ s i R ' S N
AoA, sdo; (y) siAimn T ^ 'wtf mtn-tmft,<ph itj, w t f m s ^ wtg^nts om n t w t t w n ^nwts, n m n f (N)-iin # s f SJ^;
w H - t n ' I F ) ^ " , ^nmn iSoj '^.; (?) t n n 'wtntnn-ntnn, Â?pTn-tntn"^ wttnaitn-rtmn, s i f t ^ A T ^ ; G?5Arf=J-^
wM-tmit'wtn; ( i o ) wM-m>i'Sf, -gnnsf, s n . , i i o - i s . o ; ( i i ) mn-*)ifi>i< nt^sinfnn-Atn^mntw âmsj-ntntrnw M N -
T F T Aiwtn, wM-tntm^ An., vAv-iroa-; vos.; ( i A ) T ^ - ^ WT^mn, (t%N ntQ) # N W % wmtm nfnw gsr n t t ^ a n m t r
SNICP-N-IM, O N . , AOA--AAS; ( I O ) T ^ ^ - M N M , MTN-M'WTTW, 5fîmtnrt^'^ I
I N M I W N , TNNN IS>OS % 1 0 ; ( I S ) W. Montgomary msntts'Stmn
t n n t f tn'Stmn
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Contents
W f tpft? (?1)
^ ^ - - 5 ^ ( ^ 1 ^ ^ ^1)g (Huart), 6, ra. 9 4 - 5 ; () I. Goldziher, Muh. Stud.,

f w w ? C W t C W ft R W W ? f l f K ^ f ? R f ? f ? f ff'SWt? if. i l f. 1
fWRf f'f. R i f W f . Rt?>? t f f R - f . w f t f (?t W f Rtf? wtw? m ?lf?? W f W f W W f W ? t ? R 'f>l?MI
W=T-f'l??lil) t f ? R T f t f W t - W f s U R W=T-?t?f 11wR f t ? T R (iV?/'**b--?1o/b-V8) f t t w ? w f f ? W t ( 5 . t f ? f t f l W ? ,
?lRf-t-Wtf1# ?tiR 1 ? f W l ? RWt? fC?? I t r t 'tSf? a p t t f RltTt ii(f) I
^sitSt? W t w ? f f R t f f W W t f ? 1 ? f l R f R ? W ? W f t t t I t f f ? ^ i r ^ f ^ ( i ) t f ? f - W t W , W t - W W f W F , W ? W t iOCfo, R.
?? I t ? ^ t f ? W ? f f t c w a f f f t ? f t j t f R f ? ? ; R f <^fw?t1ff ' J . i?(J->!s; ( ? ) t f ? W R , 1/i t . , ioV-t>;*() W W f f , .
f R j w;lt I f f t , {. 8 f . ; ( 8 ) t f ? f W ? t , W t - t f f W t f , ib-(}-->!s; ( ( f )
?t?tt1fSWt? T?lf, i t . , ?(J?SR., t . , 8 1 1 f . ; (b) t f ? '^HM-W??, .
W t - t t f ' W ? , a p f t f t l t l t ?b-8?; ( 1 ) t f ? W f W t , W R - t f W t ,
^rf^ ( 5 ^ .>jl) 8 ( f R f f ? l R f ) , R t ? t f t f W ? t f ?
t l ? f ? t ? R ( w R t t W ) i5>!s?, i t . , oS8; ( V ) t t f t - t t f " ^ , i v v ;
Rtf?i?' (?t)-ifll? ff?t5W, t f t f ? I Iwi? f l j R ? T t f f t t R t f f ^ J t ?
0>) W R - W f T f , i t . , ?? t l . , 8 V , I t , i 8 i , J s t , i o o , i S R , ^bJs;
f w WItw? TOff cttcs? t t R I f T t f t ( R ) w t t f w w t ? f i ? W I
(io) W W ? % wt??X 1V-S, 'bll-V; (ii) tfft-Wf?,
(V/'bOo) twf? l i l f t t f f f f W I ? RtnWJ W W ? t f % t ffRfW?
t f ^ - f l W , i t . , b - , i ( J i ; ? t . , ?i(f; ( i ? ) t f ? ? 1 W t ? , tR1?f,
R W W t t t t ? f W ? I ifit t t t t ?tC\st t f t W f ?t?5?t R t W ft?t5W
apltf t l t J t 1 V S 8 ; ( i o ) W f w , i t . , 'b'0V-'b88, t t . I
? t ? l R w H I t f t f t ( t ) W t w w w f ? ft??t W ? I atWtT R R
Ch. Pellat & M. Th. Houtsma ( E . 1 . 2 ) ;
ftCSiW w S t f ? - ? t f ( t f f ^ W f l t f W ) ? t t W ? 1 W 8 t ? R t t
W.W.t. f ? W ? t f ?
t t i t t w W t H ff?CW tTW? I ?t?t f ? w ? R R t t t ^ R t f t t
f ? t ? t t w f twt? w R f T t ?>w? I w t f t w t twt? t t f w w ftftt ^sn^ ^îin?pr ( u - ^ > ^ 0 s'='t^-^t?wR t f ? W t R ? , R t f
f t ? e f t w ? I ? t ? t i : w t (n/bHi R W t ( f V ^ i ? R t W t w R W R t f ? f ? 1 ? W cttC5? m w ? t i R f I W t - ? teist-m R f w ?
tR?ttfw?I . . ^ t w w j t ^ WTW? W W f f ? t f w ? f W ? ? f W t , R f tfw?
Rttwmw? w t l ^ t o f * f ' H w ( 5 . ) ' t f ? i ; R t (?t)-'a? t??^:^ ftwftf f P W . (^_^lj) t ? W ? t f ? ? T ? J R f f GStfWt? "5? m t .
twt? t t w t R f R f l t l W ? , t f f *4lfWlttt a l t t t ^ t t T O ? ! ? t f w f l f i o a t f ^ w ?? ( S 8 / i i ) 1 w n W f t t J t t t f f f w 3 W ? i f W ?
t t t ? ( ? t ) w t T w w a t t t t w ? R t R f t R ?>w? 1 twt?'?lwf1wcw W W f W W ft?fbW ?t?lC? I i4t R f t t ? W ] ^ C'tl^Btf^ W ? W f
W t s w ? ? t f t I t w R w t t t t ( t | ) - i l ? fW\ i'OS/b(tb) WtfTt m i w f W f w t t i ? f f f f t ? t f tT;t?,Rt?nwR f t w t f i

W??ffwwi?iw? twtftlf t c ? m ? c W f W ? w f t f f ? t f t w
f W ? t i t I t f w t t l ? ( W ) f W f f t ^ (Wlw-wft? b R k i w R R
RW. f w , W t t ? w w w ? R W R t t c w m s c a W R f W , 2??it?4
? n f f t t w ? m?. w f ? f M ? f R p s t I f ^ t f R ^ w ? t w f w R
w f t t f t f ? t m i tNg?tf?f1? fcaj w t ? t w ? W f R W w f f t w
T I ^ C ? ? m w ? f f S ^ ?I?'1 (f'f'llfif) f | ? R I
?? (_>iu.) t w f W 1 f w t t t w ? w f w ? f ? c t CtW c t ? m i
^ R w w ? f t f t t w t w W W ? W W ?RW t w t f f ? W e w I
?t??lf?t Rt^ W t t ? Rw!iF ^st fcss I
fCJt fwt? f ? ? t t t f ? w f ? (S.)-m M f C W l W W I f ? ? R f ' W t f W
stftiit 8 ( i ) W t - f ? m R , "^Ptftt, ' j : ^bo8, bid; (?)
( W S.)-C R t s R f f k w t ; i4t f t ? e t wtw? t f t W f W f ? 1 ?
t t t t f f (Ahlwardt, Anonyrne Arab, Chronik),
twtttttwwi I
v o ; ( o ) W t t f , f ? i W , (ff., ?Oo; ( 8 ) W f " W f , W f T W W , {.
W f ?if?t ( W ) - ? # 1 ? w w w t f w ? f j J I - f t I t W R - R i w f ?
i i o f . , >>d; ((f) W f R t f , W f f , J . V I f . ; i^) t f ? ? T ? t ,
R l t l f f ^ i l f R W ? ^ ^ t f f f ( W R - f ? t ? ? 1 ? , ' J . iVJs) I f ? t ?
R W I R , 8 t . , i5o; ( 1 ) R | ? < t t f l f , f t W R , 50 f . ; ( V )
f W R ? w t f i t 8 'W?f|f1?, t ? t ? f W ? , ' W ? ^ - ? 1 ? R R , ' W ? f R - '
W ^ - f t f , W t T f t f t - t t W t , t C # i O ? 1 R., 'J. 81^b-1 I
"wft, f t t R t W W t , w f t t ^ . I t?tW R f W t wf?
M.th. Houtsma ( E . 1 . 2 ) / ^ t l f t ^ f t
f ? ? R l C W ? ? t W i W f f ? t f t ? W W ? I W?Rt?et? ? T ? W W ? W W
f t t ^ WWtttw? ? f : t t w w : t ? w?TW w f t f t w ? f??tw? ^sn^"^*^ (j_. > ^ l ) 8 ( W ) t w t f ( R ) - m 'iifw?
^si^pt? W W f f ? W W f ?t?Rt ? e f i stt-f^W? w f t f '^?tf?W? m i w w f , t w ? f??tf f?ctt I t t w t f ? c t ? w w t f ? n t f c t ?
?t?t? ? f W ? te?J f t J ^ C 5 ? I w j i b i c ? f w i - ^ !?.vii?tR?t? t t t f c ? ? 1 w t t s?,m?R?ti ^ i R ?
f ? t ? - ? l f f t ? K ? ? W W gS?T 8 ( i ) t f f t 1w?sfwW, W t - R f ^ i ^ ^ - W C W f & w ?tc^(?*t 1 t ^ i w f w f f t ? t C ? J ' i l f f t f w f ^ ,
f t t f (Derenbourg), ' J . ?8<i-, ( ? ) W t - W f l t f , W R - W f t , C f H ? l R f t R S j R sstW t f w ? t t ? f f ? W W t ? t W Cf?W t t c w
t t w f ft'Scft?
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Contents
W f ? t t ^ (?t)
t i w I . i l t fc? ?ct f ? m t t w t f f t ( f ) - i i ? w?tc? W f bii%tf? cfrotct w f t w t W ? f t f f ? / S s f t t w t c t ? t e f t .

? t f ? C f W R f i t f t ? wtl? f f ? c t ^tTl R f ? wsjtmR W f ^ti?f?w (g.) tf% t w ^ T ? 1 ^ tf% t w w ?>t?w?tffW? ( t )
? T f ? w s wtwrw? tft "m f w m i t f ? ?t?w? f?cwf m t f t R f tfflw Wet? r iftt t t ? W f ? T f ? (W) C?W<3WW ? f w : ^
f C ? ? l' I tttC f T T f f ( ? T ) - t t W RC?J f f f t tc^gw?!? 3 j l t ? ? I ^sstt WfsfW t f w ? ?lffslt? ( t ) ^ m f w t w f t w WJI? f T t
t c f 1f? f r ? ^ w f f ? t w i c # n c n mw?c?5 Tsjt f f ? c f w u fc?? I t t l ? i i f t t W 5 t i t , f j f r o c t ? cft?>s t t w t f t t t w t -
w f f f w ? Cf!ft?T ?It? f C W f f W I lOt f f ? W f ? T f ? f T f ro t f t i ? w f t w t t f f f t t ? ( t ) - m f w & W i l ? f r t f w
t f f t ^ t w t f ( f ) - i l ? f ? W W W?? ?5C??,. "t?l ?TfWW?! w?tf^pt? ( t ) f T c f t f r o c T ? R f 6 w w t cro ttc?? i
Wff? ^ w ^ W W C f cro f w w f ^ w , W W ? f w f wc?? -gi^? t ^ ?r?Tsic w t r o t e t ? frm,cftcai? w ? T t ? t w
WW W f f t w f i" ^W?f?W? ^ w w w Wf^W? ( f ) fe ?T?if w - W f T f W f ?i^f?cf c r o i 5tft?t ? i f f W ? ( t ) - m
f W c f f f w ? ?f?icf? if?f w w w ? fR cwft WfC?? R?se m fa!:of?f f w iTT?t 'wet? t w ^ N ^ '^'^^
t f f t f^ft W R - t f W W t t w w ^ ro?? 1 wt? c w f c f t^ f f ? w W W C f , w w ? w t e f ( t w ^ w r e t ?
w w f M f r o f f t W f f f W f w f ? ( W ) - m w t t c ? ? f W ? w ^^we?? w t ) t ^ f a s t r t f t t ? C'f?f ro? i w s f ? ? t w w t t ^
^Rw i i w viicf f w ? ? f w f w ? f w t f5R?5f?rf t ^ t t w tai t t w W f f W ^ ( t ) - m f w & W f 5 H . f t ? w f f ? W f ?lt^
f f t w ? c w ? m i t wet? f w c ? f f c t I f r w W f w f c ? ? c?c^ (W)-cf w t r o t f f t w ? , c? W f w t % ! W W t ^ f oet? tft
f?t?fc?? ?j?wf f r c r o r t ? t f ? w ^ F t t m t t c ^ f ? w r msft gf^ t w t w ?#?if| WW f t w t w 1 w w t t e t ? ît
f ? 1 ? f f f ^fi?l?w i R ? t ^ W 5 ^ ?Tft ?5f??T? W f ? ? w i w t ? f w Cfl??tf v3?wt c t w f , C?tft?lR atwftt? tt^ w t I w w ^
m i W f w f ? ( W ) f r ? f w : f f f w ? f r o t t m ctw? ft<?t W W W cww? cww?, ttt ?TTW Mft f t f t t ?tt?tc?
f f ? t I t T ? f ( t ) W T C t ? W W t C ? ti? W 5 w R t c t i t t t t s f t c t . w t t e t ? WW m^, f t f l t w ttcw, I f w i f t cww? f e t ?
W f ?if? t t t ? c t tftt'fc?f f R t ? I f?f5'5tt?ttt.l
WlWft'SCW? W f W t % (W) tftctt, t w W f W W ? ! W f f ? f f W W C f
RlWlW? fffwet? f w t cro^ fi^rttcew? W T ? t c w w w c f W W ?
R f f W T f I f r ? f c ? ? W f t w ff?t? cfR?t f t w ! ?tf3W5; ( t ) . ? f t w ? , c^ W f
I) s (W) m w ?
s T f o w t 'tw t f ? t t m t , t w ^ %<m t f ? t w ? t i w ? t f ? ! f t W o , W ? t W W T ^ t ^ C1W? o C1W? t f
t f ? ?"tw?- " w w i w f tw wtcf t f ^ m i t?t?tcf ^ twtf f t R t e t ? W W msft f t f t t w f t e W i W wtTt W f
t t f ? (w)tTet?^t'sfc??tfl?o?t?t^ct? I
tftw t^SW ?5f??tC?? (5. Wt-ttTW, ?t., Be?) m i tw
t f w '5tc ?? t i t t f w f w - ^ w T w t W W t t w w f t w W f
f%?t?i?Rt f f ? f r o #??-^f? wcwwt ff??icif I W f wtf? w t f ? (W) msft wo?net? fte< ? f t w ffet? i fw? tfws
(W) ftct? f?t?f cftcai? W W Wf f^W? ftai i t w f*tW?-m f r ? ttt ?ttw fft (t?t t w f r T O o w-T?tf? ? ' ^ , 5.
?<=f?T5nw f f ? f ? t ? f cftcai? CWf ( W t - t t f "W?, St., i'i>i?) i W t - f W , t , ?'isS; W-T?tf, w f t , ? t , 'Isotr) 1 t w
w? t w t t t t f w c f w?-Wf T f ?1tw tcpt ffencw is. t w ' w ? f t t - ?t??-m ?'Rrte, tTW t?sett c f ^ wo?T? w w
ftWsi, W t - f ? t , f , ? 1 o ) I
i i t i w wanf??R ?5W ( W t - t t f ' W , (ft, i'lsi?) I
f r ? ?iftfw ^ s W f w t f ? tw t w ^ w w t w
W W W f w t % (W) 'wet? cttcig? c w f f t ? w?wt? ctf^tw
'WtfwW^ t w www t w 'W?fwW? t w f^ W?t t w , "Wof t w
t l t e w , c? 'wet? cfteaj? W W ! cww? ?wf? cw f ? t f w
f i f W (f?f? W f f f W W fi?fS) t w f ? t f w ? t w f t f ? t w
?twew I c w f t f r ? ftwew f -^t?t ? t t t , tt, t T w w
W^Wf?? (fl^) l f W 3 W 1 ? t 1 t f l t W R l W l W t ? ? l f ^ 8
f f f w s t W f ? 1 ^ (W) ?ftet?, w f t f f t T ctffe fit?? w
wttw f?? 'WfT t w ? t f t t w Wf*)t t?*p-f^Tft? ( t t f t -
?ttt, cwtt? t ^ ^ w c t t I w W f wt1? (w) t r Ttc tt?t
tT?t, (J-f, i8S>) i
c f t t f ^ ro c W f l t c f Tort ff?et? I
W f f t t f ? (W) i i w m t t ? t w ? t t w t f T f fc?? ? w
WW? t f c f t w t f t t w wf^rni f t t w cwt^sitw, wîw?
?tffWT ( t ) - t ? f f f W T f t f C t t ftw? ft?W t f w ? ^ttW
( t ) - m t w t ^ftw 'Wttt I W f f W T ( t ) ^ w t t t w w t f t t i
wftW(::w m i wfrow trof? ? f f t t t f T f o i t f o l f f f ?
flet? i f f ? w t f t c f f f - ^ t c wftc cttiw?ftew, c w f t c f
f ? t fitw t^?iw fwt? 5iwtcflt ? f ft?w ?tftcflt I
cw f - t ^ cttftce? I Wost? cWfft ? i f f W T ( t ) - m R f 5
t t W t f T f f f t ? ^f?tc? W f w f ? ( W ) - m WCtTO ctt t t f ?
wtt?t ?ftt, wtttew? t f WW? t f c f Tort ?#?ie? I
"S?f^^ttlf^ I
t t w f ftfCft?
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Contents
Wt|nPftn (?T) Ab-1 WT|?pftn (St)
tfwnwT wi^s1n% (m)-(n5.^5t<iiR w.wtl5i:(;.(Rm i

R R m^îWi {^)-m R ^ wiRrar % 5 i t i ? R m ^ , s % 5 R , tst
st^gsfiatA! wttR wtfnts t m ^^RsKfF I waiA 'St'wHT
mmm w i R ^ s#?rt?:m i, wttR m^m ^ I R S R ^
cntftf ssRstcm I WTR mm frns nwj R m m tRsr st^sm. il ...^1 _>-=JI ,r-% Ml 0 II j ^ I j j - i ^ tlh:!'^' f-*
wcs wmt mm nR intt-wwir w t ^^tm cnt cn- . ( i A : Y i - Y l ) <1JjisUJI ^ 1 . ^

wtmim nR m ^ ^5tc Raw s R n R 1 'î'^ n^RwcwRR
ntm, wtWA wtntms wtmtm w n ^tc mm Rntrm i tm "IwR mfm Stwrmn Smcm A cwrmcm "^tcw >iis?.
Rnt n t n s ^ i^) nRtm, nrntt i cn cm ^[c^ wt'Qn ar^Rs cwmtcm A Smcm "^tcw RmRwssftstcm SAtcm Sts
w m ms, nR mmn nRs wm cnr^ mRw. ( t m Rmn, cmntcmc^ R w f ^sfsnrn t s I cwtmt mm R i ^ wtmA ^
win-fm, on, A I O ) r cncm 1 SAtmt cm ^'pft s#stRn m\ f n ^ ^sRntRn
cwrmcmcss nnlwin Atsm ^tc.....< wAimm, w^wmRttn
mn^ptA (n)-*nn >ijt ^nt Rm wt^nrftn (m) <[Rc m R m
w^)n^" (sb- % A8-Ato; wtn-<imft, wtn-miftA, t%wt^-siw,
cs, \okic<p mimn nim fstnncim R ^ w'fn smt "^tcs i wit R R
m^-<5w- Rn-Rmn stn-^tntA"t m'wt wtARm-Alm, m f i
liitmn ^tcw mfts t t m n^cgtn^nmtf t['n-mnnm m^
'ortî-^' mn^ 'eRm mn i 'smiml? Rn ^mRs ^smtcm A<?oi; t m ^"tRrsi wtn-^^fmrt, n t ^ m'wtn, on.,
?scnRtss mRcwm iînsl? t n i nrsnrn nrtmRct >iit ten wtmm Ad-<?b) I
m-<^ ntwtsiw '^Rw I m n^Rtncw mnâtA (n) wîmnfn wr|wtnmn (m)-'iin
mcntcat ssRm t^ Rctn i R R wtmcgncss nfnts "#tm wttncw
4ncs5 wt^npfR (m)-iiin aiR m^îitA (n)-'iin S R cs, cn
iin^wmRtcîcaR'Rsi mtcwRent cm(wtn-tmit'orts,
cm gwin wf^ ai^Rw w m ttsi, wtmn nRs sR mmâ cnt^
8 t , itois) I >ijt t3t^lAlch?!RsJ5 mmmnmRmcîintn
mRw mi tcs wti;ntnfn {^ym wtn-^-^ wttncm n?mn
wti;ntn% (m) ^^ttnim tttsw i m^^^^ c^ym >ijt tst mew
Rm ntwt ^tcw m\ wmmn (m) (g.) sRm mtcm liin^ ntm ti^ nRcw Rc R R tnfwsnn "w^r i t^fwrncn? ts^s-
m\ mfB (m)-'5n ncn cmt cm i ^m^sts n w m RntRw ^3 liit tai WtAm Atew Rn (aft's^s^; wtn-tmm. At, 8(fo) I m
n# ^nnmntt wi^npfR wi^ wtnrnn (m)-'ira mn mtm n-Rtnew wt^ wtnmn (m) wtmess ^^rtrnm. >ijt t^s tt^ ssRm
i5cs5 liicss t m m ssRm wtn-^->ii nnrsw ^tcw ntRcm i m^ cttntn (S^t^-ttm, <?t, i c o ) I
etHHin (m)-ifin mttncnn nm m Atm ctcn R f w , mtnmn . wr|ntn% (m)-'ira tnRmem tn wr|wtmtn (m) wtAm
iÂisHi cttcizis s^ cm?s liittcn wiRm nncnw t t c m i tm wtmnrn ntntcw tmnR w n , wwgtn cnt R W F n^Rew
m^^s wmcns wnrtnj wstsn ^^tcw wm wtcn^ cnr^ wtRim cstten R R tnRsnn w n cnt ^tent wtAtc^ msm w n >iin^
wtn-^-iii wcm ttn I ^nRmcn wtmcm n?.tit ntmtn Rn WtAm '^jRRATSit cntten^^. >ii^ nnRn Rntt nsem
tw (Wtn trnffwrn, 8n;-itoi8) i tnn Rmn , wtw -wtmf (^-tsiôl'iitH, att^s'ss; Sngn-tim, <?t, i d o ) 1
wH R i #gtwRnT tRmnRn ^ît n^tjt io sRnt Scin wt^ntn% (m)-'iin wtitAS atR ttn Rmn w t ^ fin i
smcm (tnn Rmn, wtn-fm, on, A I O ; wtw-wtmft, wtftn. wit ftn fern StswSn wfnen ttRnrn WFT fnewn #sem
At., toOS)) I
^ ntm lilt nsRs niAf tnen^t atAt <t>RsicAF i wtn-^-îi
2ttn attn f w f ^ mntew tmnR ^sflcm' i fwR cs'f cs'f liit
wwgtn fsmmm cmn ^ i c ^ >ijt t t
Rm mwtmw scn
g'wi tt^'^sRcWF g
>ijt nnl? wtmctmcss wtsjmt awti wtmcm n ^ mttm
W W
^ tsRm ntw I tmcw wR^ "^tm f m s t t t wtmA m'wim

wT#swm cmmt Rm wtAtcmc^ Rmtm nnm wm <iiî?iia "wlft^ ^nAR n ^ I cs njR wtitAC^ ntAtsj w w R n ^
(n)-'iin R R ^ t3! cstst i wtAtm tm wtmtn cs, >iitn ^cw wtftA "mme^ mmm ^^Rcsni"
mm tntm ^Rm ôtmn R s s ? nttcn.wimm ^ Ttfn i wwgts wtn, wtnmn (m)-t mntews tmnR -^m^
wtAtcmcijt 5 f ^ t # g ( i ) wtn-'fswttin-^stfn, 8b- g a s - a ^ ; ( a ) .
wtntwmRn^ns wH-<ittft, w t n - m ^ , m ^ mm^, Inmn iSiVis.s.'i, in n^;
t m t f in'Scmn
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Contents
Wfffnri tw (ft) W f f w f tw R?n? (m)

( o ) tw'^5rt?RR-?m, W t - t t f ' W f , w w R t ^ wwt, W T O t fpsR t t ? f r ? f f ^ f w t ^'''ti^ fw'wn? ftf? flw? I
W . i t , . 8 < , i ^ i ? - i 8 ; ( 8 ) t W P - W f ? , t t f R - t W t , tt? f f ? wf^tct? W f t w w t f t t t w w w ? i c f f r ? WW? ctw-
t??lt- ^?T? Wt-'W?t%, t??iW W . 1?, i8S>-j)ffo; (<t) ^ gi?m WW f r ? R ^ wRc ?ltctt I w c T O R??ft w^^w?
CtWs, Wt-ftft^r fWs-Wftt, t??! i8ol/i{v1, i t t l , ( t ) - m f w t cfflct f f ? W f t w w c ? 5 t f r ? WW? cwtc
(b) t w T"tWl?-'WtWtttf, W t - t t T ? t , R t ? i ? V It., ? t . , f)f%?t? R?if twcw m i W f f f W (?i) fc^ f t t f R ? R I t?wi
8(i-?-(M, t i W t e o s i , %?t t w Rc?1; ( 1 ) W-wT?lft, f?wc?? ft? ms ms Cftcai? f w w t i R t cftcai? ctw o f?f^
Wft'?tt-tttt o W R - f f f , t??! W . f?., ôV-Si; ( V ) tjf^ct? Tc f i t i-TlffW cfita? f W W W cttftt W f f w t
t ? f t - W t o f , W t - W W s f 1 t ^ W f t f ^ l t - t t t t 'Q?1t-fff, tt?W ( W ) - m wc 1 1 ^ f c ^ ft? f t t w t c t ? wai ft'^ cttw f i t ,
f f ? W t - t t f t f , t??; i8i?/2>^^?, i f f N ^'t., ?1o-li; t r ? msf5 f ^ W f f?w ( W ) - m (^f?ft f i t ^.i f t f f W ?
t W R ?5lRf Wf-wtoltwt, t t f t - t f w t , ttroi-Rf?, t??! (t)-m) I .
i8i(l-/iJSi4, o f . , ? 8 1 , ?(M-(l-V; (io) t w Wt-f?tt?t W f ^ ^ (t)-m ttffwct? f? 'wf (W)-m fftR
o?t?-1?T?t, tt?W R?R Wt-'W?lft, f i f t , 1^ io(l-i/i5o?, i t W t c f t i f l t t?w f c ^ f f t f r ? tit ^ i f f ? f WR? I
t i , 8 f . , il'b-ll; ( i i ) C t w , w t - % r t - t t ? i f ? ? i t , tt? f f R - W ( W ) - m f?tWW5 w t c t 8i R. (ti^ w ? 8? o 8 e
t T f i t f ? t ? W t - ' W f t f t , t??iw W . f?, o f . , oo4-o^; ( i ? ) R.) f f ? t?fWt fCW I f r ? C f R s ?iR?? f i t w I
t w t t f t t , Wt-f?t5?-?I?l1f?Jt, tT9^-tt?W Ro-''5?t?, 41?c<lt W f f W t (W) ?tff?ll? ( t ) ^tc ,C?f ff^ T i f ? ?=fW
i8oV/iSiV1, i t t l . O f , 5.>!sSi-1o; ( i O ) W t - 0 ? t R f , R W f t - ?sf?WCW, t l W t ?oR t f t w tRft ^^?tC? I fWTOtW w f ?
t t t t f , " W t t f t - f ^ , t??i i8o8/iJbr8, O f t l , ;!.t, 1j?8 f . ; f ?*i^cRfT? ? f ^ w f ? ? ^ w??tc?? f r ? if^tc?? www"
( i 8 ) W t - f T ? f , W ? - ? t O f t - t f J F , tt? t?"?lt-^pt? W t - tw "^ftft? (W), wtf?? t w '^=ft?ftW? (W) ' W ? f ? - W ? t 1 ? t w
"W???!, t??iW i8iViSS?, i t t l , ^ f , 81o, 8Si?-S>0; (id) f t ? WiRg, f T ? W ^ p ^ o W ? t w "^ft?? t w " ^ f t t w
f t f f - f ? t t t i f , (t?itft-ttTt?t, ttiftc? t t t t f t f f , t i e r ? W . Rn?-fif? t w ftwt? (?<wsc? WW?), w f ? t w t t w ? ,
t?, 8 f , ?ff>!s-(fS., t l W i 0 8 I 'w^-?tTW?-t?? ' w ? f ^ t w w w ^ , ifti? t w tw??
W.W?^W%t W-W?lftffl
f t t ^ ? ( i ) tw fft, W - 1 ? 1 W 1 ^ - f ? ? t , t??i, W. f?.,
^ R m (5. ft?ttt t W ^ ^ )
of., 84i-8<??; (?) tW-'^lttt?, t t f t - f TW, C ^ , iOIS R.,
^"^pim iR?n? ( j L ^ 6 j ^ 1 ) s w t - w t t i t <t% i8'b; (o) tWTTWtf W t - ' W W T W f , W t - t t T W , ftt?,
(?t) w t t t t t t w f I f w ? f f w t W^' I W f f W t f w ?
io?v R., 8 f . , % iV-iS; t l W t i i i ; (8) >^ c t w , W f ? ^
t f w t I iit w c t t I f f t t f w if5fb f l e w I f f ? f l e w t f f t ?
W ? f f , ?? t l . , t??;, ioJ<?/iJi4 w , ?f., o!8, tlfrt V; (d)
fitfit wwtw cftcai WW W f T T l f T O 1%g I t f t i ? w f f w cttcai
^ C t w , W T f f ^ - W T ? " ^ , t??! iJ^v i?t., % iJ, tlfrt
f f ? w^jsRf fc?? I ftâcttw fcai f ^ t ? Wf?f wtw W? W i
S,^; (b) TtffW W t W f f ? Wft-TtWtW f f f W t - f w f ,
f f ? f l e w wi?tw W T f wt-w?tw t w *"Wf?? (W)-ia? WW 1
W t ? - % p - ftttt, t??; i 8 i 8 / i ! S 8 W , ?if., % (t\-<tO, t l W t
f W ? ? ? l f W W f fwtTif?tw^ft^tw''=itt?tw'*s?i?>i
HVid; (1) f f f WWtWf, T l f t ^ - t l T t W , WCT?, W. R., if.,
t w ''^^tt? t w Rw? t w tw t w t ( t ) ^ fwtt)
t w ^w?t t w t w w f t f w t w W f t R j t w '^=ftw % 8do; (V) t w 'Wftt-?t??, W t - t t f ' W ? , ftt?, 'W. R,
tw^f-^ t w f t t w I . _ 8 f . , ->[. i'bov-iôSi, tlWt ?V^Si; (J) t w itftt, W t
W f f?w t w 1wn? (W) ? 5 W t t w t f T f f f w i f l c w tw f itt^H-WttftWI, W ? R - ? 1 ? 1 t , i t t l . , ftrot, i8oV/iSiVl w ,

tfSwotC? WIW W CTOTS ia5f ?W W? C?, "WWft? f s i t R f C f ?t., ooo; (io) W?-tTTf, twft Wttltt^tTTtttS t??i^,-
W f s f ^ W t f i?W? t t r f t f t t ? [ W ^ ?s? t t w t f M ? W W . R , ^5.t., % iffi; tlWt ibdd; ( i i ) W * ^ WttTf,
?5R?I ( W f . ' b ^ i fWCt? f w B f f t t t W t f T f W W I ft?t?W-t1T1W, twtW-t ttWfWt, WCT?, W. R , A f . , %
f ? ? f ?e,t? ctlfCt lo W? W t w ? w w f ? tft tf?st? iJV-iJS>; ( i ? ) W f - tTttf, ftW?= W W f W - f t t W , i o t t l . ,
9M f f ? w w f i ? f ^ f ? Rfcst f f ? s w m i WfîWT ( t ) - i i ? t??; i 8 i 8 / i S i S i 8 w , ?f., % Off, tiWt b; ( i o ) tw
f?t??s Tc T i ^ ? i f ^ ?i?'w f r t ?scw I Wt-fwIW oW?-f?TW, W?W-fff ? W t - ' W W f , i t t l . ,

W f f w i CWJt f i c t ? m w t f ? f?5? 1 ?t?, t ^ o f w t ? ioffi/iso;!. W , of., ->[. o?ff; ( i 8 ) >^ c t w , W t - f ? r g t -
t f t f w i t fR i i f f s t t ? ( t ) - m tft w R f T t f c ? t I ? t ? ?t?lf?Wt, W? tTWt-'5?t? W t - 'W?%, t^^, W . R., :it.,
t t w f Rficfi?
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Contents
?VSi
dob; ( i f f ) W t - O l t t f f t f s l f t - t t t l f t , Wtrgt-ff?, ol tl., o o w f - m t ? R R f f f l i ^^we?? I f w ? t w w t t f T f f

tt?i i8o8/iS.V8, i t . , 'J. iffV I #?e?? cs^ o W T W , ttfsf? ??;'^WR? cw? Ttt, f??? o
wswt^wft WW?? 2tR t R f ^ t f W e t ? f t R f < I f f ? ?tte?, 'Wr? test
tttfct tT WfC?? c?t? tfwe? w e t W i wt?R tcsf
WW?
^rt^ ^[?iwt (5. wt-wf5#)
f f t ? tiRct W f c t ? f ? g ?? w I c? ftw t^sicf en?tw ct? w
^rr^ îiiiiiH (^00.^.Î) ? ?s'wtt t t f t - ^ - t t ? t m i w-f#? ftw? tf?T? fc?, ct tg #?? wt? fc? i" ilt
W t - W W f f I tJiwtItt Wttgf fft; Wfttttf <jô/ii?<!5 ttet i t f f t f w fR w?t ?tte?, 'Rt, W W ? m i ? i T f f i f R w w
ctfwet? ? o t t t t ^m-''^ wft c?tt R ^ fjttfMtt ( fRwwft? t c f twtf W W ? W W Ttt f ? , e?t ^ R
Cantillana)-C5 Wt(tT=f WRt i 11t tTTOt tf?g tR?lM? tRjfte??tR faiew ( j j . . ^ ^ J 3 ^ ) ctlfic ttffc? i"
t w t Rett mi wftnt ctw R w wRt i fwg ^stRcmw 2tfte^ f w ? f f w?w? Cft? cttftf^ wt, f f f f w ?
'WtwtaH Wftct R R f t c t f "^wt ^*i]it WRt. m i f W t WfW Offt?tt?Jt'f 'twe?? fCt f i t ?5^ fft^ RtR
?oW Wat R w tW^ fRw? WW t<5? wRwe t t t w r ? i wtiOTT w?? m i c? tww WW f r t ftfwfit w r ? stfR i
cft-'ii fwR Rwr t ^ t e t ? R f S at?t w r ? i ctt "fT? ffwt ff^ o f??f5 Wfcw? w?o mft f R t f i t I ff?
f ^ r o s t t iwet? ?^f^ R t t f ^let? WW ? Rwt fijt? wttet? RfS WTCT? c?f?tw W t R ftew? t ? f f w ^ w t f i s ?
tetw cf% flet? *itt^ o w t t #?e?? ww i twct? tew fR? RTttiT fte? I m w w f fe? w t - t T W f , 2t?t? t ^
t?eR wiww flet? W f w w f W wt-w?fft, "wf t f ? f^ttwset? WW cfw t t w f W5?tet? tesf t t R ' t f f f e ^ c?
f t ? f ? f t t O Wf-Wf'Wtf I CWRt^ t w t w t Wf-fl?!- WlWCf tt?? tT5it?iflct? WTt f f ? t w W R f R t ^ - % ftfftWR
"f?t?f 1" W f f wftw? tRb?e?t?f WtttW ( t l k J I ) attt? ?sc??; t f t f f w f fttwe?? WW t w w f ftfw 2fm? WR? I W f
f?5f ffe^t?R2t?t? tWtflcttts? W f W'Wftt I wt?t? tfwet? WW t w w R f R f f w??R fit R?Rt f R w
twet? wf^3j?et R R ww ctwffet r-sriw w i cttte? cw?" (R. Brunschvig) i
R R w t - t i w f OWWW fftJt o t T ? ffttet? '^tf?! w?^ f?fg WsttW #?f-stet WT? WW WRtfff fief? f R l
fC?? I t w fftCf fR ts? W?t *W?ft-f Tft? f w f (?) (^. we? I f w ? ^ ^ r ^ cettct? (Tlemcen)-m f f w R t t
ff'bi/ii'Js'bl-m t t f ^ w w WRt 1 W 5 s t ? fR Wtt^Rf'-ii f r c f ' ^ t i t f f f <tict at?t ?5e? I f T ? ww?ef cfg ?#?!
sfJt?t WR? m i ffwtw (Bougie)-C W ^ tft? fC?t I m w f R tftT tWT? ( W R - t t w - m tttww loi/ivsos.,
cttwe? fR w?w?i?et? te?T f%w, ^ afsR ww< #?? Wf?lW 18 i/io81,155 aftWW, Ttwt") t f ^ ttktC? i CttsR
wtet? WW tJtR w ? WRt I f w ? ftjtf? f W f f t f sttit cf?-m w f t f f t w ? WfR-TTRtt, cettet?-m w t f
(wt-f>s?r?Rt) ?ieR Wtf W f f f f w f r w t - w ? f ?-m f f ftfSR 1 ilt t l f ^ wTTttff o?i? stewef? o f? t?ew?
we? cfe? I t? f f ? f r e f ftw t??R w??tfst-ii w ^ Wttlfew? f??Rti? I
WRt I tc? ?? w t - f o w r f t f w f w ? ?ft ^t? i i f R stttit s ( i ) t f ? WfWt, Wt-ftW? (BenCheneb)
w f w ? w?fst?w o t w ? w R f r e f f f i ^ f% fffwfit 1 WtfWftt io?'5s/it9obr; Rf. Provenzah, Algiers 1910,
W f Wf?t? cettett ( Tleincen)-m R f t ^ f ?tct W t 115 t.; (?) fftf, tfsWfW-fw?T?n (BenCheneb). WtR?Tt
^?tw t e ^ m i t f % f i t WR? (ff58/iis.i) I f w ? f % t t ^ i5io; ( o ) tf? 'tttf? (?t?W) Hist, des, B. 'Wft-oWW,
W f t f f w c f ccttet?-m t f f e ^ W t - t t w Wet Wf? Rf. A.bel Wtfw?T5f iS.o8, i t . , b-o-vs; ( 8 ) WTWWRtW,
fW ?? I WW ilt Wttt f? ?tct t?e?ttet? f t t t tiwRct W?fR-tftTW, Cf? i S . i i , i G i - i i ? ; a) J.J.J. Barges,
tn f i t I f r o WW? t t i ^ "^t?R te? t r w?o f f f Jtw Vie du Celeber marabout Cidi Abou Medien,
W?5?t f C ? 1 Paris 1884; (h) Brasselard, Les inscriptions
f t f t t wwcw WfWf?it-m t ^ t f w tflfwe? ?fte arabes de Tlemcen, in RAFr., 1859; (1) A. Bel, La
ctet f w ? ?5?R WW te? I f R t ?we? w^ f T ? ?wttfcs? Religion Musulmane en Berberie, I, Paris 1938;
tew ?ft?te? waj f f f t i t j f t R f f t f w , m s f t 'owR"?Tt' (br) Cttf, Sidi Bou Medyan et son maitre
(<_u-=.j) o m t t R w f w f t (a. Bel) I f*tw o ^tet? we?( Ed-Daqqaq, in Melanges R. Basset, Paris 1923,
ctt t T ? f?R t?W?R ffsW ?ft?te? W T f T ? ?f? i, 31-68; (>>) R. Brunschvig, La berberie orientale
ttetftfps? w?Tt I R R mw? f?R (,_,u-a), tTo? ( i ^ i ) sous les Hafsides, ii, Paris 1947, 317-9; (io) M.
t t w f fffcw?
t.R.Vi
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Contents
Wfln11ft a;*O wfiniift
Asin Palacios, El mistico murciano Abenarabi, Rnnrn mwiw ^ F t & s as i iîtmcn wtAtn nrtR fnf%w ?tcn
Madrid 1925, 32. WtAm ftnnmtn fs#iw ctn no^ wtn-ttmtn (RS tn,
G. Marcais (E.1.2)/ i;8o tnitn ttsnRs nssmt, ^nsiw i^sb- ^.) mm wtmn
WT-atRm wm-s nntssmcn as I mmn CTCS
wm Rî s^Rw n?.s5Riw -^tm Rnn -sm 'jmn nten i;too ^.
^ nT^ntRs5, vsi^^w R-PiplSH RJ>i5<)^ WM-'S[ARlRm aftW sts^tRtwASi
<iMj-i>M wfwiRw W W n?R nTffR writ s#?iT n m
ist atnrnrg ^ tRmn W r cî3j m\ m ^ f R c ' p
<ijii,(,^ >iAfii'al tsRmn -SRI îw<>st|[5i?Jl t m w n i R r o sflrt
fssttsw wteniMt w t nss ncA, wm w t ^ s^ ssfnwm m m*fR^
iA n,nn ws^tnîm fwR Rw C5tm S^ws mRjwRs ^ ^sm^
wmtim cnm nm wtmt tt^tcts Rrts\ic< nn^fs i cnt
^^fkw An, 2fi|n Rninw wi^fnss w r wmnn w n ^în?,
mn*ttm n?,R tR^^^mm stsnf^tw iis# m*fn; ^ms
îwlHRKf S5nmc9n nfA w^tfn^ 'sSi^ jRi'SlRtttn nAcn aftnt
n?.tsmOTs Stn t^st^s cwm cnm AtsicA i ^ît I m ^tcw
siwiuiw '^Rrwn riai w^mw^ nrnfCA^ Scg^ "^sRw i wtAtn wnj
-RtTtw F^mftmjA cst'sR wtmtnn srmRtw AtsicA mi
s^ "TOitmfn nw twRa 'oi^ nncnt <pRI nsni wins w n mi
cstR wtw-wtntRm mm R^mm ststRtw t t n r n mttj nInm
tAttw RsfSt afinfn^ mtR's w n ; liinnRs i;ii ^.
RmRw Atsifln, cnteR "CsR^j'^'f i liitsRew m^ms S,tR
wtmnwiRnf ^tc'a wisnsR^n-niift, f-snig ^Rran nt% wH[nin^
mm 2tR1? ^nmrn c t m ^ af^ ^Rsicah iîn^ Smn S^ss
men attn s5Rwn?sJA ^Rcw n ^ An 1 R ^ SAin Rttn-'
Rstcm ntn'^ mtnft- "wtR wtR m" nInm (wti^ ifit af^ mm
cm ntRfwj^ nnr %r nt nRrm nmrRie^tt n w i t liiwntt
wânRiw ^tm mnt siA'Tmn wt^ntn wtn-wtmtft w f r t
siw Rnt w n 1 l i i ^ nm i;ii ^. fwR -snRn -^gwn^ tnn
^t^-WntRin (Jssiw is>8to'(.) atr:^ tsfnwm fR 'smw ctm
ssRnr wiAin w%nn nw csitntn ^Rtw msRs W n , R R wtAtn
wsJ5t w f s f ^ ^sm isfsm Rstcm i "wtm wf^" miR wtR nfnrn i
mm njnmft %nn i wwstn RmRintRw fwR nnn
wtmn mntfw^, mw^ttw^ wt%iwtmf fe^mm, cstsR imt
'sfiwmRw w n mi ^^^m nem ^Rcw mew i 'mctm ^rmm
WtAtn sttn #'asiic t R w *RsifAn, wf^ tfs^s^ ^[ts
tRwjTt ssRm lwR '^pRwt ^sem m?mRsswm ncmROT ' w n
AS ii?^^ wtm i^tsf? ^[RttTtw -^pRwr 'wtw- -iR'-ig ffwmfs
mi i;ito ^. RS tn tnn w n i cntmtn Rmt RR f ^smn
v g f ^ 5tAt W W mgmn wAi^mmn fnrnfmcsn fiH?mwn
^Rnut'm^ mn"^ mm aftnnsmr-n^sjtAs RSm n???nt
mi mm m f atmn w n (5. w. fmntt wnjcm mm
w n 1 R ^ liitnm R R nwiR^ nnrnriR mc^ w R f n
win-nt#t f^-mtmfnn-'wmtf wtn-A'tfâtc:t, mfnts? i;too,
wrSRwmif mnmmn Sp? ^ ^ t n s^Rm cmt w ^ mm ^cn
<J. i l r o - 8 ; L. Norn, E. Tarabay, n R l f WJ. Anthol. de
wm'?sm^-nR^ RR tRmn ^sRnrRm i ât Sws r?,w^
la litterature arabe conte-mpoaine, ill La
rnomm t? ^pR; R^ iittR wiAm ^^RmtR ^ w mt, wen
poesee, tJtfsn i J s M , ^. bo-8-cw m ntw <t>RslCA) 1 ^
tmwn ISRaiR^nRnttA I
w m R ^ n ^ n r n t A nc^'s ^ fnew wtmntf a f i t w
RS tm; wi^rnn"^ lirm^men m?mRwm mmiRcmt w n i>Rm5) mg? flem, cstwm fwR ?mtfm #snms mnntfmwF mi
mi attcn wm-nMiwtsn-'mmTRnTt, t m 'win-'mwiw' t R m f % ntfAcwjn m ^ ^ wtmn fsmn cmnm ^fsntfAcm 1
mmnnm mR^ ajAt w n i iît nnmt R R ntAmn mRwn ttmtn ^tcsi R R cnmncns att?nt ttftmcAn, ^ cnt cncm
(amif) tjtwmm mR^tcta nw n^ An, niAtm wm-mRwr^n- m ^ wn?t mm fwR ntntrnt wnftw flem; ntw^Rra mi R R
^qsnRsjT-iiin stRtr w n i iîmmt R R 'R<wi^t-t*Tnn'-ira wtfR ssRmem, f ^ is>8b- tj.-i(S'ienRR^(mm'ircnt
tRbh<p m#s Rmn-ira wiic^ RntA w n i it6iir-A< ^. tns cnctnmti
R R lilt tRmn atmn mmnss Rcnn i wwgtn R R mRiss wm- ^fnmn w t f ^ nsre^ wtm f?t?rifln, wi^nttft wfnmw ^
m f n tRim stRin w n I iisotomcnRRSm'SwRc^niti'sRw (wtn-R's^-^)"wnn^ ssfnem 1 n^w fwR attfR fernnw ^
w n mi A O nt^, i ; < M men wtmn ^j'^m 'i;^ t w wtm mms atR w g t w t t e w 1 cstttm ^smw ctm fwR
tRbHHi w n I (Strophic pattern) wnwmm ^^fsntflcm c^mn cntttCFt
m ntfs sjRm mtntw ^msew w RS cn lilt t ^ writ <f>fisicAH I ^ttms cste^ f n n^Ft^nss ^^^m
mnRftRew R R fnRcm Smm wtmn ^pRwt ^nn?,-ct mvs 'wtt-mts 'sstn-sinîgn-wits ( i s s o o ^.)-iiin cwt R R w r ^
w liini cnt'sR mm m^"!^ f ntn wtn-wtmRn atr:^ armcsn ^ atcmt ^^fnstcm mi m wîrfnn^ tfsnm
srmt^ (R^ t n ^ is.Ai %) mi is>oi issj* -^.-m nem <ii5Slc^*t I
tnnif fnsicmn
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W f tPjf?t5?rft Wftlff? tw ffp
W f w f k tro[ f t k r o f w e t ? w t w j ToTiT? W f T O t ? t f W T O tft w i w e f t i t e f ' f t ^ ?te ?? i t t ? ^

WTT? RTsftfwW O tWI ? f b T O W f f U l W Cffsff I WlW?f feftf o (W??t-m t T O f t f f t W f t t t f l W T ^lt?lflt
ftT t f w R w t r t ^5ifwteiTf^ ^ w , (Rt t t ^ 'sn^wi? TOfffg m i W f T O f?wtfi<? tt?T? f t l t w f i t I t t W f tww
tft fft t?wtfrT f f w i T i w , r?ic^ sfftf*! WtTO tw t f f t - t t t ? - m f f f ^ W R T f WRTOT f ? ^ f t W T wr?tTW t t f t
w t f t t t r tiftWt f i t . l WTR t5f^ tTf%5^ sffwftW WTTO w a ? f ? f f t f t i W f - m fe3R (Rwe^ W f w t f R - m f w w ;
t W T t f t t f ? o WtTO 2i<)*tfC?fl'tT:*tT ftsTf t T 4R?IC? I Rat? (RRIT f W I W f W f f ? W o W f t f t f W f w w ^ ? t w
fffWWTiR tTftT f w w sttcw TOfft, .iiw^rf TO^ffw, W f t w ^ W W f ? W WWet? fWfWW f W ? I W W T W (RW
Wilttfwf o t r t T f W f f w w 2ttîtf?0 fwft WRT t f f t T f ftRi^s cwfW f e f ftw ftewef f ? f w s ?5ew, f f f f w ? w ; 5 ? f t
?5tT tsRewt ttWCW WTTO t s f t f t w tTRfWR O f R T W T O teewb f ? t f ? w f ? t e f W f w t f e ? ? f w 5 tt*ft fe? i
i^ftf^fWt fitfWotW I W f - f i w f f f t | w t f f ? - ? T f f - m tew ^ . i n b / b - i j s - b - o
^ W f t 1 ^ t ^ tC^ltCW f f f tTRtft W?S iStTO?, wet w f t f w f t - ' w ? ^ W ; R R t f ? ^ f ? fSsewf? w f w f
(?Tofe tT:*lT a!tiil(.^; ( i ) f t w ^ t i f o t i w t f i ^ , ^RajT W f t t f t?? 'ÎWT t w f f ^ t e f f?ttww f e w m i ctj%f ft? w?
oTOt-tlTOt^-WmftW ffR-tT?WR, W f T O ii>8<t; (?)f?tTR R??tt wiew? f % T ?iet?, tt R??wtRtt W f t - w t f R - m
fftf, t . W f t t f f f f t t r o i - t T ^ W f f t W f T O , t t t t f f iSsffS; (o) WTOT fT<iRt f W 1 W f R - W t f R TO WW? t t W tet (RtWW
' W ? f t - t T ^ WTOT, i t . , W f TOf, tt?iW is>.55i I WTSfR t f t t w m i R T R ? tttwtet t f ? w f t e f w s R t f ? w fwef
W t W 5 T f w w f T f ? W t w t W f wff? f b T O t c f f f t T f ; f W ? f?ttif O tfslRs ?5J5iT I
f w W t t w t ^ , f t r f t f f w t gs; ( 8 ) ' w t f R - w I t t 5f^# g (i) E. Masqueray, Chronique d' Abou
W t - W f w R , Wt-W??W-WTSftft, t w w i'n'hS, f t f ^ ; (ff) .S' Zakaria. Algiers 1878, 188-94; (?) W ? # f ,
C5fw, f f f t - w ^ l f t - w ^ w f t , t w w i's.bd, f t t ^ I wtw? t ^ w i w f TsR-wfitt ( w # i f f ) ; ( o ) W f - f i w f , f t r o , ?t?WT
tfStw W t l W f ? W R t e w Bs; (.b) t t R f t W f W f l f t , ^. W f iooi ft., ??8-(?; (8) A. de Motylinski, Le Djebel
TO^, W t - f f wtwTf-.fl, WT^T??- iS>o?; ( 1 ) W. " W t f t - f ? , ^. Nefousa, Paris 1899, 91. r. 3; (ff) R. Basset, Les
W f TOf, Wt-WW?-.fl, iSiffo; (b-) .S' (Wff, f l t ? t g t - t f W f ? f , Sanctualres du Djebal Nefousa, JA. 1899, 432.
fff, i o i - 8 ( f t t i t t # i w ) ; (Si)flf. R. (Ttttt, The poetic T. Lewicki (E. 1.^) /?ttf? TO
vocabulary of lliya Abu tVIadi (1889?-1957); a ^"snR^lT'S[<3^t'5?Ptfs ( j j j _ . ^1) stf?
Computational study of 47, 766 content words w f W R - t R i f , w w f f t w R W t f R t f ? f e ^ w t e t (s>.55i-1.55
Ph. D. thesis, WW t l t t f f ^ t J t t ? iSi^bSi ( ^ f ? # t w ) ; ( i o )
% ) ft?iew tTifw w w f l f fl?ew? (:?ww^5fw 1 f t ? f T T O
R. C. Ostle, 1. Abu Madi and Arabic poetry in the f f ? t f t t c?w f w T O f w w f t ^ i < ^ ? ^ m i fe?twf?
inter-war period, in idem (ed.). Studies in tT tîe?? WW ?TTffwtw fT?w o i?^ t f ? f e w 1 f w ?
modem Arabic literature, Warminster iSilff, f f W f t - W f f t W 'Wf ?tfltfft-Wft?W t t f t W f t w f l f f W T O
o8-8ff; ( i i ) Salma Khadra Yayyusi,. Trends and
f t f t w t T W F T G ?T^ 1 twe f f , f t f ? , w ? f ? o w R f i
movements in modern Arabic poetry (Wte?
tftwet? tifwgt fttwe?; ffb-ffft c ? l f - f f w w w f w ? t t w
i S I I , i f , i?0-0ff) I
wewwt f ? t ?t?ic? (.fit t?5et? 8.js.jsft f % t t f ? ^ e F I ,
WftWTt (W^ (E.' 1.2. Suppl.)Mtlf? TO iffft tRwgtjwl o 88ft sfittw) m i w ? f f ? w ^5tf?tf ctt^fR
^ s f i R ^ (a.w-ii'wftf) 8tt c!3few f?w^ f ? t ?tiiie? 1 .fifft WTOt c?w-ffWe??

Rif^ f w ? f o ?t?ic? I W f t R f ? ctif^wt f f f e t t
^ "srtR^-^ (jj - s w?-wff,
f t i t t r o fttetes? w<fT f?eRt ftwie?? 1 f f w ^ ^stfWt o
WTW?-m spl3l t r o ' f ^ - t T ^ ' W R f W I W t t f ? W f W ? ' (f.
?b-i/b-Si8-ff) f s f wt?tt W f W o fajeftttwtRwe t t f ^ f s t ? |- witte? '?5ftst m i W W o f r o cft^ftfc?? f w t ^ -aet?
Rft wt?lt W f T O w * f w t f r r ^ f w f n R ? f w i f ' t w r , f f f f??WO-ff?TOfwf|(R? I
wt?R W?I o f ^ t t i f wTt?f wtw TO W I f fajeflf f ? s r ? T f w WlW ffJiefR
t t f fajefftwtttw wt?R W^rw f i w W ? w ^ f i t ; fateftf f i t JJ i^'i J _ l l ) o
W f w t f w ? ^ f ? I WTW? w t ? > t w 'fî w<st w>3ww cMm f f w t ' W ? f t - w t w t f ? splW t w - f ^ f , t t t f t f ^ I 9 l f
t t w f RpêfR
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Contents
?s>?
RowTt?, ?"Wf W f H C T ? w k ' T O ^ f f <;[kfmf mi ilt.ft "^WWTO O f W R f t f ? T t ^ tTOt? tttfw W t c f ?
fft/iif Wow? W W f t f^ttmw? fRfff RSfsR'i R.st'tfi- c w a o f f S w t w f f t f TO I W f t f t f f f l c t t w t w e t ? c%5f o
f w s(TOrR wsftw? 5i=i.oiw<i WW TOf f|i?R, W f t i i f ^ t w i^tw^jtft ' w t t t t c t ? ?v5 ^ W t f ^ft, WCWWR?
f f f WWfw o t # W ? WW W T t t i c w i t w t ^ ^ TOf&#f o cf#? c t w f ^ f , w? f ? w * f f t - f t f t t f ? f t f e w ? f w w ?
grw=#f f f w w m i W W ^ R W TOf ttwfifw:w w:*fj tfw^fft W f ' w f WcWttCf i WTO f?WTft-ftf Wftw
t?f%l!^ f f W f t ?tWiW?R I Wf W f f ? w-ww w ^ fRRif f ' w t t f f wewte?? f t w t f w ttsf? fifTO f t f w f l c w ,
f f e t f e W T W f W m\, W ? R s i T f = 1 - f f f W ^ ff?W%5W W f W t f ? - c t f t w w t f t w c t t w e w t t c f ^ f t f w fwffflct? I
f5tW(?W WW ^RW f W l e W W T O t I f r ? ctt WWR? ?ftttew f'wttff R W t f ' w f t f f t - o w f t
8ffo/io.3ii t w W f w t f ? t # f f ? t f t ? W f f T O Wt- f f ? t f w f w f r o t w T O . f T O ?st?ew fttfew? w i 84)o ft.
RT:?
W f ^ t C f f W f f f t t f ? t t W t w W ? i t - m TOT WWW5 ^ f t f t f wtww t f f t - o W f e w ? fffWT .^fw^Rffttt f ^ t t f B # t w c?

fTR? ,1 88 H/io(t(t t w Wtf?t t f f f T I f sfWRo f % T T W T f t t f ^ t W f f f WW R l t f t w ?? W W t f f t - W f t fWf ftf?
W f 'W?ttW? Wt-WWWftW5 f l f t t - f W w (atTO t f T O t t w ) f f t e f j f'wtftw t w T O f T O c f c f 5 ?sffw fe51 c t t ?Re??
t?f^ fTR? I witT#t w t w f tfwtff tnf t f t f R r o twtc*t tw? f t t t t e ^ W f w t f ? O f W t t ^tc R f W ^5t?f f?t?lf|ct? I f f f
?,t? WR W f W t f R , t?t? WW^fTR? ^ W^l^ ^ ffsf f W t ^stc t R w o w TO, W f W ? f e ? ? f f j W W f f f %
f I f W f l W H , WWttft f ^ ?WtWW ttttê W I WWttft WfT? W m i t?wTfR-fWRR tfff?twtfc? T s e ^ t fffTO ?t?ett
atTO ^ W t ^ f f t f t W f - m WJff^R? fWTTR WWTW fr? f ? ? R T O f C t I tTO?f??it, t t t f t t f f t?fR-WW W f
fwT?w? f w ? I Wf WtfR ftfrof w<? t f t t t w t f t f ? - m f f j ? W t f e u f t w f w ? f t t t l f e ii?sft ^ t } ?
tfft
f R W e f W t , t f ^ f f"tft W t - m wwtw fWT?W? W ?Rt f f ? ? t e ^ f t f f t e w fR ctew, W f w t f ? c?? t f f t t t w
I
f # twt? t^<.tt?fw w f ? f w ? w t f " f t f t ?fwttft? t t f t

I ttftcew! f T c f t r ? f R t twsfw f ? f '^ct f f ? t w ftct?,
t t c w ^ R W t t t ftfw WfT? t t ^ t f t W f t f ^ fTR? m i "wfjtc?? R?5e^ f t f r o wfRite cfet .fitww ttttwt wtc
WtTCf ^Wf fC?? I t % f R f ? j R t C 5 f f w t f t C?C'R W tfffC?? Wf" (TW W f g R - f W W t f l l f ? ) I c t t tt?tit?t WfT2t (? t., ?.b,
WW ^ l t f f t t?t%w w , c t t t J t f f W W f w t f ? O W f 8 1 ) ilt f * W f W ?t?lC?, "WWT ( W f W t f R ) t w f f C f ?
WfttifT wt-wwffft t f f t o ftwfc?? tew tfrtw? fltw ? e ^ t f ? C f ? ??tw f e ? ? i" ilt f t r s f R ^ ' f f t t t ww
ftttfC?? I f^Ww, ftff ?ftf W ffTOftf f?fR I i l f f t f??? t s ? w
W f WtfR tw t,ffw o t t t f t t f f f c t ? tew W,t?f<, W Wf-Wfft-Wwft ( ^ t W R TOt) t f t f f t t
'offsJT fWCf? WW tjftw w ? few f r ? ftw? tesfj <ttt?Jlc?
I f r ? ' f ? t ? l W 8 f W f W t f e w w w t K T ^t, t ? ? f W e t
W f f W t f f w f t (t?wt?W?-t W f f ) - m f f ^ t , W T O t5fs? Of w f T ? ^ w t w w t w Wftw o t w fffoRte?? W W ?J?T
;fe?twe?? WW t f ? f ? ^ twt% o W f w f f w ct? i f r ? ww ^ WtTt te?, t t w i f t - f w r o t W W O ?J?T ^ (E. Combe
t f f w ^t?tt?ct? t w w o f f - t ? e ? f t t tTTct? w r i t T et al.. Repertoire, vii, ? l ? 1 o 8 , ?1o.3i o ? i o l ) i
Ctw^tf? Wf*ff o fwet? "sifttlftt,
^sifWf f i t ?t s t T O f t t , W f wtfc?? f t w r t f w t w f t f w ? f C 3 i "ê?? t w f f w w
tf??Ttt o w f f t t t e t w w t w f ^ f f t f f f f t t m i tsffcRs f T W f t w T f t - f W r o f ft? f R t TT wt I t w
C?i3^,^ff W f ? t t ' i R r o T O t f f R t??tw f w R -afftR R W W ? t t f ^stc fr?
W f W t f R - m ilt W f f f W w f t w T f t - f t f ffet? f f f ? W f w t f e ? ? t f T O tft ? t e t o f ? w t f t - f t e f ?
f l e t ? W.> i^t ^ f w f t f t f ?Tt%j? f f w ? f ^ .st t t f f R Cft? tfe?fffR f r o ê?? twif ^5ift?t fc?? ?it, ??i f?wTf*T-
Cft? t t T O te?j t w f?f TO wttfw tftjfw ttwtfttjf W t f t T O
I f t e f ? f C 3 R tesf ttcw? f W R f f r o f t w f w ? tesf w e t t t
ftwf (fw?? 8(t>./io'hH) t r o m t t t T O ? t W W f t t ? T f I f f f w f l c t ? I w f i f t c f t w ^sftww .^tT?tfttet? t t f t fro
W f - f ? T f ? W W Wt?TWtt g f f f l w -^ttti^T t f ? t f f ? ?t?et ^ e ? ? w t w t w t f w t ? f i t W W W W f f f w f l c t t ?1tw
(W5!W,Wo t f i W W ftft) W t t f t T ^ (1fW^) RWf5 ^5tew ajfwi?^ i?ftwwtf?fTet?wwtffwto?5ctwtf?tft?
>oil<!>R ftfct W f w?f=t t f w ? t f f s R R f r o t e t R t ? m ff??ftlcwi
^nfft t f f t - w w t e f f?î^ ftfffflct? i f ? w T f t - f t f f w f f t t i t 8 ( i ) G. Makdisi, Ibn 'Aqil et la resur-
wt?TWlt?-'fRfef W f f f f f r o wc<? cwa w ^ t f t w gence del' Islam traditionaliste au xi siecle (ve
te? f fSwH I siecle de 1' hegire) W f t f f 5S>w J., f . cj,i8 ftW o
t t w f ffScftt
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Contents
W t ^ T t m m W H - T R T f t (ST)
(S%R5 sf^tlt); (A) mt^, Muslim institutions of wt^m?ps (m)->i!n R t n t ^ wtncn iA R. wti;nmmn (m)
Learining in eleventh century Baghdad, in t n R ^ w n I w m wtmn nsn ttsifln S'^nn i MTM
BSOAS, ssiv ( i S . t o i '(.), oo, od-i; (o) C3?I<P. Sntsn men wtmn ^ teîs w wtm rnn i w^m ntnmn (m)
Nouveaiixe details sur 1' affaire d' Ibn Aqil, in wtmn #s'ptm 8sf m#' mn^ tttn m i
Melanges Louis Massignbn, iirfn*!^ iSitol o, w t \ ntsmn (m) n r ^ ^ a t A (n) t^tew iiissj^ A i f ^ nfm
S.i-iAto, (8) (?Tt<P, Autograph diary of an ^^rinstem, mmmftAFiRn, R s R f , w t i ; m S i T > a m m ^ ' ^
eleventh-century historian of Baghdad, in mtstcA I "sstfAm t n ^ -wmm (m) wtmn R ^ ^tc A t f AHJ
BSOAS, nttJT ibr-iS. (iS.(fto-l % ^ . iS., Ab-d, AS>to-1, I n<Rt ^fsstCAF I w t ^ n t n ^ (m) R m f n wnsn m "snRRt i
G. Makdisi (E. 1.2 SuppL)/ tH R R mtn (nwmn fnfsst)-'^ M M ^R:n i
atXt#t 8 ( i ) tsn m'n, wtw-wtm^Tgn-^sm, 'Jnaiw, wt. R ,
o n . , 8 % (A) tsn Atwts wtn-'wpi^tntmf, wtn-tnim, Rns
^ ilMl^lH -Rtft i^JJLXM S^J^ % (nt) ioAv R , 8n., i l l ntnn i o o A ; (o) t s ^ - w t f n , S n ^ -
^[ATfwn ntmf r ^5tAm S(FS -M M M i wtms M M nim, c ^ i o i i R , e n . , S)8; (8) mRw w i m g ^ wt<in-
Smra I lilt n t m t R R stfsR; I R R n ^ wtnmn ânffn Ai'sttw fgns win-Rsf, wtAs1?in'^mmn, ^nstw i8i8/iS)S.8 m ,
spin ctteg wtg. <?tov ^. w^jsJAt w n i R R Rcnn Atnnt t ^ i<? n., 8iS)-8Ao; ns,nn aevo; (a) mA I'^g^ mnf,
'wmRn- ^ ili<i-i[n Rg i wtmn n?,*tnR<Pt "^n 8 wt^ ntnmn Rstsm-niAtm, tmm-t tnntRntw, ntcmn, wt. R , Ât., %
ssi^.tnsp-A'ntnn t s n n t n ^ t n n w i f R t n n ntntm t s n As.v-000; (to) t m Alwm wtn-'wtn^mtf, wt?sft<|w-mA?1n,
t n n n f n t n n 'wt'es' t n n smn t n n Ratn t n n ntnn An nt., 'Sssiw ios.(f/iS)i(f m . At., ioto-iow, ntmt i i ; (1)
t ^ n t A m t s n n t ^ t n n m'n t n n <pTsn tnn'wtnmn t n n i^ cnt^, wiAft^-wtAs"^, ^ssiw is>tob- %, vn., <j. 8 8 v , n?.mt
^mmtsnRnin i viA, m B tnspf-A'ntm Rem.; (b) tnn Rmn, wtn-^fsffn'
wi^mnmn (m) ^^nn tnntnajAn w n Smn n f ^ nnn wtFt ntsiRsTt, nrnrn msitn ^mncm, in nt, i8ob/is>bi m , An., %
m cncn i^w^ nnt mn cs, t n n if m>amc^ atnn R c ^ R R oAA; (s>) t m 'wtnRn-ntsn, wtn-tmSfwm, Rnn, wt. R , an.,
t n n t n aj^n w n i wtmn ^ MTM (m)->a i ^ i ^ nncs t n n t n 'J. ii<f8-iid(f, ntnjt oitoi; (io) wm'-mmf, wrsifpf
at^n w n mi nfntn Renews wînR cnm ^tcn Rm-'^ wmmtn-niAim, ts^tw, m. R., At., 'j. Aoi, ntmt Aoia;
mK ncf Rsfsw s^csn i Âtmn t n n mfnA'-iits n'Rtnc'o nfms ( i i ) tsn S5tfs, -rnn-Rftm ^rnn-Rmm, ms^-Rmn wtn-'wtmf,
Rm wtmm trtwrnm wRRttmn-=f mmf ipifsi tn^-ftnm i n nt, 'Sssrs ioai/iiôA m , on., >[. oAto; (iA) wtn->astR"f,
(m)-'iin wtRcnnwT at^n w n i wen 'wtRm t n n 'Smn-ian Rwr?in-mnif, 'wtn^^^n, onnt.,'2ssi i8o8/iS)b8, in.,
n^mmiw wtmm m'n tnn msmm (M)-'^ csiAmnmRatAn sscsn i ido; ( i o ) tsn 'mfn, wtn-^mfn-ntmRmit, mn tAmtt 'jmA
wti; msmn (m)-c^ m^^^^rt^ (n) 'Sntrn t s ^ - n i R w (m)-iiis win-'wtsf, ^ssiw, wt. R , At., dodi
nR mwc'p nmn wm^ w n 1
wt^ msmn (m) mtn, n^ff^nA. ns^n ^c^ -sfiiiaiA swts^wfn
(n)-ifls nRs ws.-t5tAn w n i m^î^ (n) ns^m wtsimcin ^sn^ "STt''tT?r {JA, - -> j_ii) 8 w f w tnn'5Aimn t m Snm
ns.ss?t ssRcn A i R n wtf mnwt'wt (m) n w t n wnRw wRt? "wtsi-mnf, cwitRf, m^mwr istne A i b u m a s a r men
tRmn-nRsfn m^Rmtmmnrnnrnn mten^îtwtmn mi nRRo 1 R R tntntn-isn w^'R mnn-â >sRistAn s^cm,
^[nnrnncm cm^n ^ istcn m iît mnmn ns?^ mtRncnn sTnntn-'3 Rwrt w n iînt Rnrtw m^^Rss wtn-R#g
R ^ nt^^piA (n)-ii!n ns,^c:^ ssnt wwitsl nai Rctn i nari^ lii^ nnmnR^ Rem (on/s>n t w c w atnms) 1 tnn i f ^^Rmnw
m f m n ^ R R n w m iiîtsi cnn (iît nrtmcs RîRw g. RnstR wmm nm w R R Rem ^fsm ostitRRm cwrtRn
AiRn t n n wtfrnnwt'^mRem.) i m^^ât^ ( n ) m s w tat ms wmscn nemRent ssem mi iît cwjtRs mean wmt
n?mn wnnw ^ m 13! S ^ s n w m Rnwn w R s cnT?nmn?:^ m R ^ njtR nt w n 1 w m mnmen cwitRRmm -5^ wwj's
mni mn mn^ csmn w n i wt^nmmn (^) Rcnn Sgw men c'tlfAslfln 1 R R Âtn ^ n <34men atAt sscsn 1 R ?
RsrsfCFs ' s f s ^ I wtmm m^rnt men cfRm ^ ntfn nmn mn cwTtRn mtan stRt R R Rptnmen ^ R m n c ^ 1 R R
ifl^S wtm? i?:n? c^m^ sjit ?,tw ^ tsi 'I'chf i mmnR^ nt^wnem Rs^ ^stc cwTtRRniin csm Rsn ^
t n n i f Rsemn
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wftfTO, w?a? W[WIH,t1#?
W o ffenffWR cwTtRt f w w f ^ ^ t w ft<# f W fJlRw? W f f ? f t W T O (Bibl, Nat.)-ii W^ftf^ t? ?(?b-b- i

t S t W I f f ? ?1 Vb-b-^lj W W W? R W f ^tW oWfRo-i) t%WR Nallino-? TOftfIt, "De magnis coniunctionibus.."
?sc?R I il?^tf?tf "ftWWft-WfTOT W t - t f t R T f " ("Indicazioni
W f W T O - m WW? weftf? ' W W ^ - f f w t W ? tfe? date dalle persone superiori dagli astri") W W
W?WT? (W?Wf W?1?) mx W?o WWWle? W?f? Rlffw? CW? f t W ? f f t TOtWT ?W, W ? "Suter De magnis
stW? t w ?W W? I f f f W f W'W?.f C? f w ? RtWfwtel? coiunctionibus" o tW? ( A l b u m a s a e ) ?ft
fwjt?w ?tct ^ w??^ tsfwtflw? W W ?w:, fw? "ffWft-ff?fW"-it? tC?J CW? t W f wffw? fCW; f f f J.
# w w w t f f ? WTJ w w w ? ?bw ^tcws t w ? t wsiwewff Vemet f W ? i i f t w g f w ftcgt t c g f fwtc??, ^ frtf
(Plagiarist) ?RW WT T? i 1 f f ? ^ " - m W W t f f t - tC?J ?cfs W ^ ?ft?tC? I
f w s f f ? ?ww fwf fwt?, W f W f ? f?f%^ w t r f ? ? ^ , ( 8 ) " W f - f W " - f w f f?e, f e t ^ f f t T tlft^^TO

f?W? ItR t f ? 'wf? ?^ ?tc t W ? f WWffe, ?sf?e?; ??C??, Johannes Hispalensis W o f t?f "Flores
W ^ f w w f w f w f t o w t *)Iwlt w < ? fwtr;?? i astrologiae" WW ^qfft ??; W ? f f f i Escurial ms.
ffW? ?^ f w w:w f?f%f^jft, tcgtwffrs (i) 918, 1., 938'5-il o Wti?Ct? W t f ? ft*n^ (Bibl Nat)
CStltffWTt? w a f t W (Table)-il? R?st? I fSW? fw?, fftff? ?(Mrlr t? f f # f f f ? i - ? ^ feat ?(?ylC? i Wilt? ^5[fTO i81rlr
W?ttW f?tWW, tww W f w (Gangdiz W W ? t f WW? WftWcf O %, i ^ l r V % O idob % cftW
ftWR?)-Cf -srH ?f?WfWft? t R f f f f?fw fif, w t ftwfff
Wfo?cf fblfo t W ^ P (?l?l?l) f f w ? t w W t O T f ^ f l t I ((?) " w t - t f f f ffff-twtt"-f??f WCW W W f t
(?) " W t - W f W f t - W f ? " (OWtf^tWm? f?e, f f w f ) , w t t?f '5tc w t?st t ^ ?j??t? fRwc?? WW ^stc TOtt t w
tCQ f w ^ OWffwtWS f w w f?e, W ? f f t I tw ft TO, t w f?t ff WTO ? t W ffwfC W t f t t f f w t W
w?%w wijftf? ^ f w f ^ I tnft? wtt? ^ffi ?t?ic?, tftttft? ftft ?t?llf?'=1 Cttsft t ^ WCtlWf 1
fsfw Johannes Hispalensis W o f iioo o fw (b) 'WoWfff-ffgfft oTO-ftW", t?t TO 'SflJfW f?^ f ? ^
Hermannus Secundus W " w f f ? " WC?? ?swf iiffo o w i ? ?tfti5aF f w w f t I t?t? fl#lf^ wftw (t? ffb-lri) ?ft5
'fStCR I '[f?ttC?ff . g t f t i ^ W ? T R c t t W w t f f o ? ? I t?f? wr?i
?^ t i W f Wtft? W ^ f f ?ft?fc? mx Hermann-m ^5jf?|t ?^ iiI.S:t W?o f f f f t ^ ' ^ f f ^ - ' ^ Îwllf ?? I R f
f w t iSbrS. Augsburg ?tc "Introductorinm in t?tcf!? ?ftlf f W t f?t TO W I ?1?t ' 5 ^ , t w WtfCt? WCWbW
astronomiam Al-bumasaris A balachii octo f t ^ f C W t f W f w tCttW? WfCf f3 TOTOfl^fWW I fw?
continens libros Partiales" WW f & ?? l t W cf?t tC?ff?f?t ilW3tC?t CWlftff^fwW I
^tcwo m t t ? i S ^ f f '^m mx fWf? idob fRo ^ J a r t f i t S ( i ) Brockelmann, I, 221, SI. 394; (?) H.
ittffw ms|t t5w^f<if f w ? ^?t??c?tfr w, osfiffwtftia? .^t Suter. Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der
f?e, f t W ^ (corpus)-C CWfW?-Wtt t ^ f?^ff? W Araber, 28. Nachtr. 162; (o) tfft-ff^'f^, Wffft-
t f t i t ? f W '^?TC? if??, ?W W?, t?JfCf3 ttc?ff?f t itt f t ^ W W (Lippert), 152; ( 8 ) J. Lippert, Abu Mashars
?tct tâttt tfcg? cww?-wtT t ^ w f w I iitfrt Kltab al-ulut, W Z K M , 1895, 351-8; (ff) M.
ft^ c^ t f W f w f f C f W t ? ftWftf^ f W j f t ti<^ ^ Stelnschenider, Die europaschen Uberetzungen,
fJtWfo ?ft?tc? I .iiftwo ?W ?t?lc?, W f f?t?, fftft o ttf 35-8; (b) P. Duhem, Le systeme du monde, ii,
5gf f t w f i tttTOff W f w ' s t W tfcf I 369-860; (1) C. Nallino, Scritti. iv. 331-2; ( V ) G.
(o) " W ? ' W t wwft ftft-WoWftt", tw Johannes Sarton. Introd. to the Hist, of Science, 1. 568; (5)
Hispalensis W o f "De magnis coniunctionibus et J. Vemet. Problemas bibllograflcos en tomo a
annorum revolutionibus ac eorum Albumasar, Barcelona 1952 i
profectionibus octo continens tractatus" WW J. M. Millas (E. I.^)/^TO1? TO
i8VJ % W f W f f - i t o i J i f f % CsRw f ?? 1 W ? f wi ^rt^"siT*^ ( j ^ ^ 1 ) S W f ? t f ? 'W?ft?-?t?"TO

?fwo WC? Escurial ms. 917 (Brockelmann, I, 221 W t - f t f Wt-WWf, t w o W ? f ? f^-WWWt t f f W f
;gl^tW W W ? fftStC??, t w f w f fCt? f f # f f f ) mx ;fWt 1 f f ? tfttCf ' S f f ftw W f t w ara tn^t if??, t f w
t t w f ftfcff?
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Contents
AS>d
t f t c ^ Rtrrt -^9m I K W j . ^ l A t w mm (^) wTAts.mminR wsRnf^ 'm'5t#sf m m wtmn R^wr^n

*raem A ' T f ^ "tm^ tfw mirat fnrsF'ff <rat Alxn t f t f R n - R ^ f w Rsf-ssTwt R-'SsjRm-tJFftw-ifis smm
wtt, R f m m mm-t'Fmf wtmn inm atc^ ^RSICAF,
tnw. I .nt arc?? w c n ^ t'aist w m - ? r i R ' f t m nr'n wmmcs R R s.toi/id<fs.-too men RRnnmm-cw m -mt^^
sRw AtsicA I wrm? wmss R a r n i n w R R tnn 'Snrs'-'fi? v*^'n ntnmes w t A t w ^ t i ntsmsR m ^ ^ ^ (n)-igs mmn '^ttsts
mR' vÂNi^t t f F ^ m '5fm-fRr# n f n r n 'SRjRj "WTRR ^ C nRrm ssfsrw i wrms R m Rcnn mm snf i R R aincn
n ^ s s R n K m I iô/'i'ito-i n t m RRr n f n t w t n w n >iin?, tpan RfTO mtn^' ajAt w n , ten m^ nm <R<ii^ tcntt
^^^tn ( n t n m i n (?) i i o / i i r i ) <5n n n % n t n r n m n m w n i wiAte^ "rnn-ii) carat ssem, cntrcn R R sscsss nenn wfwmRo
cnnrcn R R "ii<Mtf n % m n n wwrn nrnnmn w ^ mw ^^csn I 'mAmtn mt^-mn^'n->ijs Rsmncn mtcstAt, S<5S n n c ^
W i t I m t w - w i m f t wtmn R ^ ^ c w m t r n n - i i i S f a R o tRmn ntsT5is5 cttnemcts w r t c m tn R R mnm^ 'm^m'wtsm
Rnn^, tsnw -^rm (^)-m # n f n?iam w m m f , R?m ^îRm (s.)-m rnntn Rntnw s^Rew mn, 'j^tets atR wRtn wfnmn
m^^^ptA (n)-iiin # m ? t n nns n w ssim^sssR^ R n n f at^n tfm ncg^ IwR ^^[#tmn atAt sscsn, mnt ts,'Nii t f F 'sptmss 'stts
w n i nt^fn ncf n?,^ An 'îss.'m^ w i s wtmn nR^ mAês mlwmRw
t^f#t 8 ( i ) Brockelmann, SI. 207; ( A ) i m f t , sitsn I wwsts WtAtn wtmess fntitnmnmn "wRsttntets
w r i t n , m n n m m n ioijo R, j. i i s ; ( ) tnnR'nm, vtiw^^ Sts mtatAS sAnw wtnnem wm" cntttcn tnn ssRntn wtemn
( m # t R w i m c n t l w r ss.^, naj A O S ) ; ( S ) tnn 'mtf, ^ ' w t m , cnn I iooVi<fti>8 men mt^ntAtft nm tfe^p A ^ tmn w n 1
m ^ R R t c w r n ^ ^ n i m r a , w t A c m o o (Ahmet iii), AJSSO,
'fcnt atwjts'^ t s R R n s c ^ ^jsttafn atewtm^nw sscsn
naj i\ro n - i b d '^); ( d ) 'mn-mw'^ w m - m n - m f , w t f n m n m n , mi ctn t w ntRntcs mâm Stwjsstew ^^tfwitn nnrnn w n
i n., 'mntm i8j>/is>oi, s d v ^ A ; (to) t ^ ATmn, mm^, liint'mntcffs wwtm cmn "^ten mtat^ tmnew sit'jw ttc^ I
i o n., Ais^t^wiw 8iJi>-AA; ( i ) , n " r m f ( m # r R #sens lilt tntes liit attn c j f n mttnRfttnn, nwmen
c m ' t ^ ^ wmi, 'srtAcns As.io, to, nai: nriiso); (ir) ^^tntnmm t^tsmcn atmfnw nsmt cmsm w n , R R
cnn<i5, w r t ^ n - t n n t n , i i t w t n t m n r n n ^ ^ n n r m p n ' mtHAnr^R^ êw cstntt mw <t>RsicAH mi R R t tmn mAf 1
'm^; ( s . ) t n n f w t m t , m ' m t R s s (Wustenfeld), A(2-; ( i o ) m m - ^ ncnn, wtn ^stew R R 'mn anw mmn 'mtn fnnsss
m ' ^ A n . , d A ; ( i i ) m f - w -qym, n . , itoto; ( i A ) i^ cnn<i5, a f ^ m twtgttw^ sstmm ntcntwen n ^ R m m, m t m^
^ t m R ^ , A<HJ; ( i ) J. Horovltz, In IC, 1928, 495-8 i nssn Rscs 'mentem <>Rc^ 'mss sscsn ntm "ê ^ nttw, R R
J. Horovltz-F. Rosenthal (E. I.^)/ ^min ntn <ssi^ RR^ mmn 'mftAS Retn w ^ (ni's^") mw ^Rntem 1
T5n^-5rm*%pf w r f s r - ^ ^ T ^ ( ^ ^ j ^ i j j , , . s (m)
'mnm'mem'sicnss mtnmcsn nrts nssw Rcws'srses R R cmn
a f ^ mentRs^ *tR 'st^fss ssfsewn 1 iois>/itoio men n m R R
8o R., i ) A H f (n)-iiis R i ^ mmf I n f m "^tcw cs nn
wntw AF, ^gnwtn A S ^ t m n 'mn-tint ntmm (Larache)
sffis ii^t-rf (n)-iijs nsntcs S n f ^ ?tm tnmn atAt w , w ^ s r
tAal^ Cmn-'mmtt g.) c t f n c m R ^ ^sm ssfsm Rntcm
1 w f n ncn t l c n n I ' S n s - m n t n . m t ^ n t n ^ S n m n . n t n m w c m l n ,
w m R R nnaf cntntfn ncsf cnt R^nc^ R ^ c ^
ngcsn ^c^ i n R^RF w m n m m t n w t s n n f n m A S I n m n f
aisstt w n , ttwnemn Renfcm tmro ttw^tme^ SmR
{^)-m m ^ n ^ w t t a t A t w ^ I A s n w 'wr^ (m)-iais
cm, mwT^ m^cm ncsf n 5 m n % ^ mm mRm twAtem
R f ^ n f I f n ^ F ^ m -^jm n n n A S S W ' W I # ( m ) wtmc^ '^prns wf^m m'f ntets t m cntstt w n 1 wtmn atmtsw m f
m n n "^w^ W ' f t w n i n c s R R n f m a j w r m ^ w n i w f s affwjg^ mm Sf^mig sscsss *tw î^pttf nenwRR'mtn
w i m n i t w tmn ^ m t s n ( m ) - i i ) n R m A A n i n'fw twîm Rss&-^tcw R R n m ^ tAstt n t n ssfsmRew
m?mRscs5in n ^ An mi cnttcn mtsinmesn m m ^resn w n 1 wrms nntm
^ ^ I f t (^ I) 8 (^@tn men. m R w m H - n t A t i t ) liiw ^ ttn cs, Rmtssf (Timbuctu) ^5tew wtms

'mn-Rnif wm-RRn nr^jf, est men 'min-'mtn^ 'mA'ntn % ^ 'men, ^sn^ Stwttn cttsjn^, iînnR cwcnncm tAs
t n n 'mtnRmA nRIBw, m'f mmtcts (g.) cnn ws^tssrm nsc^t ^5tew l i i ^ atRtnRnn wtAtess wm wtmte 'men 1 'stwgts
iRicns ^tcw w i t a t A t ^ w>a mRntncnn mws^ atmn cmm i R R Innts ntfmtn ( R s g.) ncsf wtmt-'mentw mnite
wrmn wmn'^ntspnj.îi^tAmcs'^Ttntn i 'm?!Witi
t n n i f ts'Jicmn
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Contents
W f tRTff W f ftWTf
WsTO TOWH, f?NlW Wf-TOt ?f-m wst, I f ? WptWf WtfwWt E. Fagnan, Extralts inedits sur le
o t r o f l | f T 5 W t f m <fRc'f|MH, t ^ ^ w t d n m i M a g h e r b , v, 442-4; ( t ) J. D. Brethes
o w f gt-c m *fRwtf { R T O l f l f t i l ^ W W I W f TOlIt Contribution a I'historre du Maroc par les
we,-^TO ^mpm t?wc^ fwron w w i f w f t f tR wtww recherches numismatiques, ?tWWW (iSiOS)), ? i i o
WTOTffeC?tW?5fwT*t3FTt w w i f W ? mif?*fi^?? I Plate, xxviii; (b-) il. Wt-WR'f, f f w t f t - t t f w W W , -=3. b,
w ? f .sftw RcaiD wnwew Rs^t t f w f w w w Wf-WoWft-Wlwrt; f w ? t f t f t i ^ t , t t W t W i W i'Siii; (<)
M w s ? ^ f c f e vs t f w w f f w w R t e t ? ctw ftwct R. Le Tourneau, A b u Mahalli, rebelle a la
WfTOW^'stRfCf w t ? WT 1 fWTO WoTO WtTO CWt Wtt W dynastie sadienne (1611-1613), in studi
Rw ttff-CW f W t f t ? t W W I ?o Ct, i^bi? W f T O T f t orientalistici in onore di G. Levi Della V i d a - ? t . ,
ftwft? Wtttt f ? w ? W W m i twT ?#? f t f o twttftf^t C?tt i^db; ( i o ) J. Berque, Al-Yousi, problemes de
W W I c?c?f WfWcwf ^4 w t w f WItTo % , R ^ 'Wtet la culture marocaine au XVIe siecle, f f t f f t itsffV,
f w te,Yt wc?? ^'ffgt twR WR? I WW ^t?s, ?fto twR .i5?-8; ( i i ) R. Le Tourneau, La decadence sadienne
RjffffW ? 5 ^ t?cw f tT:9 f ? w ? tttc?? Rc?tRwi fR?itlcwT, et I'anarchie marocaine au XVI siecle, in
WttR ?R?5fCt? ?J?W-?tRwT w m WTO W?fT?^ annales de la Faculte des Letters d' Atx, xxxii
fRtcw f t R w R w I i t cfctt^tct? R w t ^tct Wt?t tt?f? (ifs^bo), ib-i-?;iff I
ttRro i t ?iR1t t w c f fwj^ WW m i ctwttf^ o w s t f t G. Deverdun (E. I.^, SuppD/^flf? fR
wtet? te?j WtTO wtTOt t#ft? ?sft wRcw fiR?if| I wn^-p|'(^l*f (. i-.--. . j_,|) s fo" t f ? ?t?W t f ? W t t
WoTO WfTO '^flt? tesf w R ^tcw ft-.il t t ? f e w i t f ? R t t f f W f - W f f , f t t f[ef? W W f?'ifR? o
cttftc? R R ^f? ?f? ctw ?t?w t f ? 'w?Rw? t f ? w t t .^fw?tftftet? w j w t , f. iffVi'is I "R?R'3" f e t f W c f
w t - w f - m tesf cttftcttf W W ttTO tct^ tnR f i t m i 1?R W W tf^Wet? ffw^ fwe? o?f5 f R w ? fbftw f t w f f f ^
W f TOffcf ttfWeff ?êw f ? w t f ^ <>R?i? f f w g ^ f T O fW ?t?lC? t f R w s R fTOWt?tef? :tfwt Rt?f
f t w f l c t ? I R R ?^ t i t j f ctw t ; f ? W W m i f g t t?tet? m i cttft? f?t??f? f ? w i * t Wt-WWff o ww-wT?tf?
t R a tRct? ?tw?if? ItfcS 9PS\ t f R w ?? I W f TOTft f r o tR?ict ?fw5 ?t?ilc? I f r o f R we?iffw WIT c ? t f t
f ? ^ w r f ? ct?f?tttf t t w fw:w3i wot'f WT, R f ?'et ?Mt WWCt? w t f f 3 ftRw we? cttsR f ? ? f c t t f tet?
R R "sf? WWew f??w ?? I WtTO ctWWftf wt? te? w ? , ?Mt I wtw? ff^fWt? R t W f ???w ' w f (W)-m f ^
www WW?? ??t ^tew ? f ^ ?t?tc? I f c t f3F? W2Ftt w w ? ? w f t ? t f W f t cftfftet? ctw flet? ( f r o f?te?T
fifRe?t? ?sRe wf ?? i oo te^, iîjio ?l?Wf?s1tf??5i? w i R T O w t t f ? w t , .it., ?? o W f ? t f ? fwR't ?fbw
?5ew m i wtw? f f w f t ? tfw ff? WWTO cwt?et? tfe? oWf'ww R'tff? (w?e?t i'Obd R , f t f % g . ) 1 wtRfWe?
ftwtwwct? I ctw TO, W f RtTOF-m .^fwwRf ?<w f?ettt f f t f "w
f t f # t s ( i ) M. El. Oufranl ( W f - t f ? l f ) , f?W f i t w f W f W t w f W f f f f l w f ? t ^5[f?f ff?W?f I
miWf, histoire de la dynastie sa'adienne au ?lf?C?W ftttc? fwR f f t ( t T ^ ) o ^R'o^wltT ?ftw f?e?f5w
Maroc (1511-1670), W ? f fti o f W f WWf O ^ttCf? I
Hondas, WtRt ib-b-b--s>, ftt^; H. al-Yusi, ffsffM-
f t t ^ S (^) f^?lw, S-^; (?) ^'f, Wftw t l dHd; (o)
^plftWw, ftew, W t ioiViVS>S>, S.o-i; ( o ) H. de f f f , woww, ?t., ii(? (fiie?t t l , ifsffi, t l 0 ^ 0 ) ; (8)
Castries, sources in-edites de I'histoire du
Brockelmann, 1, 65; (d) SI, 101-2; (b) Storey, ii,
Maroc, lee. serie, Saadiens (1530-1600), Pays 229; ( t ) J. Wellhausen, Ar. Reich, pref, Ill-V
Bas, ^, WtRt iho% fw^; (8) P. de Cenival,
1 eye, (wtw? R ? ? ? ^ O f^rff? tlf^S f f f f w ) ; (b-) F.
serie Saadiens (1530-1600) Angleterre, ?, tltf?t Wustenfeld, Der Tob Husaelns und die Rache
iS>?(?; i<t) G.S. Colin, Chronique anoyme de la (AGGW, 1883); (S.) Bartold, in Zapiski Vostoch
dynastie saadienne, Collection de textes otd imper. arkheol..obshch., xvii, 147 f.; ( i o ) R.
arabes publ. par, I'l N. F. M., WtRt iS.o8; (b) m^ft E. Brunnow, Die Charidschiten, Leiden 1884.
3p1tfg5 -sTlf^R^ Wf%f t w f W T O iS>^8 f. afWffw H. A. R Gibb (E. l.=^)/^ttl? t R
t t w f f?fcw?
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Contents
Ai1
Rescher, Abriss, it., io(t-x ( i i ) Nallino, Scritti,

vi, 46.
' W t m ) tsn At%, m^f^ cm%i w m t R "^tM"m5n"-ifra N. Rhodokanakis-Ch. Pellat/^ntin t R

(<ikifli wittf "s tnmft S?i gctt ssRot S M ^tssttm) wmwsi ^'?^f[%5r t^rPTf^ ( ^ U . I ^ ^ . L ^ ^ 1 ) sflcn^
sRsT Rwfbvo ^ s n m I nrn^HfH (n)-ias wits' w R s m i m ipimcFs Ritf wrsstf w t e m n c F s cmot i wtmn s?t i f s e s w t t ;
(b-Z-isoo) fwR aflwsnn nms ^SprRrsittts tsîs; ^ mm nsswRR msm cnfn #wtmn flenn liist'f'fTs m^twn-iiis
mt cnt ^ i^ssl^ '^Ts Rc^n ssfssi A S S W 'sn^sm {^ym w f w cmn sscsf fnestfww f | c n n i <imm ' f ' w t mgntess nft
m ^picss vsftAw S5csn 1 fwR is/toob-A men t w t s^csn wtAis cmmemn A S i i t j / i o i men wtmess m# (c^tmtf)
^<jst win-<MlHPtsis ^ w??^=r mm i arstnw snftf *itistf iît w t n - ^ ^ tsn mtcfts w^mfsnets ncm cnfnew mm nts i
^ wt'tstActs wm fwRfitsfcnwtms s ^ R ^ "^tew tmsn i A 8 / i 8 i - A men wf%^n wstnnmn wi<Mif cw^ tnrmf
W R (sîsn %ms (m) wtmcs^ mm-smcw R^tfnw ^^fsmflcnn cnf^tfsstmsssnn(ri ;) wtme^ n^ w n ^ oif^cw m^ i
(Goldziher, Abhandl, i, g . ) , wwsis m'n tsn mtf wiAim wtAte^ vp? ^fsm tmn t^stfm tsn f n ^ ntm
si^"PT (m)-i5n ftn nmnwTsrnnfsnswtcn^ mw s^fstw. nR I tmn wtmess tcstw% 9m mn ssfsm iAW^tse-to men_
n w An I m'n nmmn cnmat^wis mnsrcs wtmc^ n # tstmn ateiict fnitf wtemnn tfsmnm? Sctct c2fsn w n I
ssRstfenn, -R? ^ sn f f w c p wm; cnmnfw ncs wtme^ tmrnn wtnnenn m wicrnncFs 'îfn cmstens (fsctn ssfsm
^m sscsn 1 i^fwAilmsnn >iit Î^^w Rctnmcs n<Rt ssRsitiF i y,nis)H tnn ^tfn-i4s) sftstfnss fnemfsm wfw^tm ssfsm wri,
W I ^ R A ' W R nssw vologesias (Ullays)-tiis '^c^â cmnnR ^ptRn^gn^-s t%nR2}mcsnmmc5iftfnenswin<fif stbtsms
Rsif|wF 1' WtoiH men ^pmsiwR 'Snts (m) -^w^ ntfn-cw ^5ssn cmn ssfsew - w n An i i tt'S'sntn, iAS>/i*' '^8s
Rnilnw An mi fwm\ nes cnntcn mm mn i wtms nmfs wtl^n fnegttfens sstn nwm stsncti Semfnw A S I Smnjt
wisKsiswM-iiis mstm ^swimn fme wnRwRn nfnrn cnHHiftf? wwr^fft ssncAs ^ n atAt ^Rnt wt^ ^[nfnn
^RwrncA I tmrnfem nn<n ntw w n mi mfSA-mf f^tm 'sprtmn-^
win, tnA'WR-i5? ^mnwts cs n n'Q wst ntsf^s wtcA ioo/fcn^ 18 '\ fsssm wtgmf 18b men nts ntn ssfsc n^n
cnsRew wtms cmn c^tRsswts n f s M m^sm ntn m i ssR ftmcn AF I cntrnn Ate %?ts cnnimnssnn m^^s'if nssn ^întsnn
wtms mtfw fin atmnw :gm-sttl%^ffss mm wm; (Rmw wt3Fnt nfseinm w n m% wmw^r cnFWis<> nsTA>o"im tsn mfn
mm ^ mm mtn, wtn wrmess wt<in nms met w n l^-s' (B.) nf*5n wfw^cn msrnn Smsrt ntftfs fm^fisn w n i Smsit
wtAtnt sfew mnnt ssfsfw) i ^mcsns ^ ^^fnwtn f%R nn n?p*ts twcFS nsj fmt tAls tfsnnif% neS 1
RR'*<i<)cts f s s ^ c m ^ AtsrcAH i liitncmmess^n 'Sms win-nfPFtA nft cntfsw ^tms ns wt^^gnfnn tmntenn
n^ ftmcn nmn sncsm i ixt^fless fwR ^rsj'gfn frninm R S R
(m) WtAtess sscssssm Rsitnw ssfsmtlcnn i
(ioa/<\do-i men ^stsm 'fwt fnegtA nnn) w n , wnsfncss ^
;it ssR WtAtn lijs^mnstlf wr^fnA'wRgntsntsnmmA. w f ^ ^ wtsstf mgiwj mgmfnw sscsn ( l i j s ^ nRn wt^mêns
(^mns g . ) ^ 1%^ mf^ I wfwrnn nRmfnw A S ) I ^J^ ntwntt tmn m w n n wm
sr8[*t#f s ( i ) Wt^fnA'WR-iiin "f-smn" C-Landberg wcF^tett WTAIS f n ^ ttf fin i f ^ wtm nc^<3 ^ mwnsets
n s w ^ "Prtaieurs arabes" nten mmtfnw A S , Leiden 1886 nft WTAIS n t c ^ la^csit w n n f w m ^ sttc^ i sr^'tc^
Csftn >ii^ n?s!sn wtn-'wtnmft-i5s ffmncnw ^rsem "^tew RcgtcAs cmn n f s ^ ^ wtAis fin nfnrn ncn A S m I stiegtfAmn
wtRnfsfnmen ^[@w A S ) '^l Abel s?^^ Lleden ^stew tRmn SBmmfenn wgnsct wt5R^<^fA?fn^nt nR^3 nenn,
ib-b-'t men ( # s f mtRF wgrnn nenw) st^tf^tw A S ; ( A ) ' - R R ' i i i ^ Bsnn^ s f s wiemnn tfseinm ^fsef|cnn, fssf tm
WtAtn #sn-sstftf ntm mten ^^nt^ffn wTstsi"tw->ii, (*isc?i), nwj Tiicn AS m I wtncn wtms stisn nmn aifwtf^ win^ncts
bod-to; () tsn -wtsm, f^'s, A d i - o ; ( 8 ) mn*^, gsiw, an., wtmms nent ssisn Atsifin i i o t o / i 8 o - 8 men wtn-ntn^n-^
Ai>o-ii; ( d ) wtmf, t>n., i o ' t - s o . A i t . , A i o - A 8 ; (to) tnn w m mes ns ntsseSn An i ffn fnwsr 'wtn^[atA tnn
ATwtn, tmm 8 , ns, i o b i ; {<\) m f n t f , f^tmm (imss), vs^t., wtf ( g . ) - s fssê^ wi^^tnfncns wwtess ^mew mmtmn ns
ddo-to; (b)^mnwtf (Caetani), W t ^ (Annali), (?n, wtî-mn^'s wTAie^ sTwnsmcs S*tf^fwn wrsi^n W R R I W I ^
C!.C!.8 t.; (s>) Brockelmann, 1, 40, SI, 70; ( i o ) O.
tnnif fs'Scmn
t.R.Vob
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Contents
W f f t t W t - W f w f t (W)
ftftt %i ftft t ^ t f ^ T t '^tcto t ^ t r o t t r f t f t t n; (ff) A. de Motylinki, Bibliographic du Mzab,

f % t t t I w t f f s ^ - w t t t t ? f ? fwft W W f fttw? in Bull, de carr. Afr., Algiers 1885, 19 nos, 19
ftWt^ f^cf i<]:^ f t W t f t W f W t ? t t w w f t ^ s ? t W R I and 20.
wtw? f f t ^ f ? f c t f t f i : ? wtt^ff f l w m i w t - f f W t i T. Lewicki (E. I.^j/^tlf? f R
(g.)-^ w c w t t w?s t # ? t t ^ t e t ? f t ^ i w ? f f i w J t f w f WT^ "^îwnf Rlfsf^" (^L^ j - ^ . ^ >.!) s ftf?
o ?tf? w r w t w ? ^ ' W t t l f R t f ? f T t w o R W f - f f W f W t - W f w f W R f?tf
ft'f^ s 9^ f?to?lff, Wf-Wt?l?^-fwo?tt (Guirgass), <bt-H^ * t t f t w t ? W t ? tffftw W ? f o W t f t (g.) f w t R
W f f , W f l f f , f ? f ^ ; (?) W f t f , Tables; ( ) G. van W W ? t t f t t f t f f ? W ? ' j k f f f f (Patron) i fwf? ffffo/iieff
Vloten, De Opkomst, der Abbasiden in W W ? f t w W?If?t f W ? I c w w t w ? (Tlemcen)-m
Chorasan, Leiden 1810, 70-131; (8) J . ' j k f f f f f f f t ^ W f Wtw? is.) w t - f l o ? f?w? wtw? Sim
Wellhausen, D a s arabische Reich und sein ?^ i fwf? ?j^ f t w R ? WW t w f t ? f w ? m i w?tef? te?T .at
Sturz, (ff) R. N. Frye, The Role of Abu f ? f t t W f t W? (R, t f C W ?iwn^w f f f W R f f - W t W f
Muslim in the Abbasid Revolt, MW, iS>8t, ?b--o?; W t - W t f f ? R w .s|ft<)(.t? WW Rf? f?f ? e t ? ? 5 t t WWfWttgRR
(b) S. Moscati, Studi su Abu Muslim, I-Ill, Rend, W t R . f W ? I t?Wt f W t ? f ? R f ? fwf? f t ? (Tfftff? tC?T T ^
Line., it8t, o?o-o<j-, 8S8oS)<j-; iJsffo, b-Js-ioe i o ftew wr?t??ef? (fij I ^.JLL) fw^ 2tMw f f ?? I w s g f ?
S. Moscati ( E . 1.2)/5?t^ W ? f t W ^ twt? W f f ? f??tw-ii "3[?tR f ? t W ? ? I c t t w w t f ? ?(?
'5rf^'5^TilW ( j o . s'Wtflt^tf? f?TWt t f ? f W-R<sn, .boi/?? C t c t ^ , i?08 W W t?ffft fC?? I f ? R
TOtW Wt-twf, W?I?f5lw t f ? W f t w W W ff?fSw I fC'ltat W ? t f t tf?tft t f ? W ? t R tf? w f f?nwt wttt?; ?t5W
t w w ? ?I?W t t t f (Wt R?W? 'siffwf t ? t f W f f I wtw? Wt-ttf?fWt-0?fft*?" f t wt?f^ ft?tttw w f f ? T W t t l f t W
# ? W ? t t ? | ? f ? t f i f wtf?f ^5]^ww, f f f t w w ? wS?f t ? l f f t f m f t f R w f ? R t m f t w t R ?ft?fc? I
W t f t f ? f W f wtww tttt t f ? "Wtftw? t f ? f t t f t 8 ( i ) t f ? W ? ^ , f?1W, w t w t io?S> R , i o ? ; ( ? )
t t t t f , tt?prft, ^ . G. S. CoHn, in AM, 1926. 92, 195
W?"f?-f?R 0?b-A^-8o W W f??w ^ - m f ^ O t W t f W f
(n. 295); ( o ) f f w w t f , t t t o W f t - W f W t , Cf? i o i . j j , ?f.,
?ft?t t w f f w ? I fwi? '??i t w w ? ?tw??Rf # ? w t w t w t f f
80-88; (8) Levi-Provencal, Fragments histori-
f f t w f i t ? f f ? ? t f l w ? m i ?5Wfftt? .&i^?iftf o f f f ? f ? ? ? f
ques sur les Berberes au Moyen Age, ?t?fw i>i)08,
ft 'WR? I (Rt'sft? W f f (W?t f?l#ff^'QR <|\sVj|W
t t - V ; (ff) W t f , Hist. Chorfa, 221 and n. 3.
tttJWts E. Levi-Provencal (E.1.2)/f?fWr W t f t W ^
( i ) Wt-Wttt', w t w ? f t w g ( t f t f f f ? ) f???f f t ; (?)
w t - f owttw, t t t t W f - W f W t f ? w f t f - m w t w t t t w ? wn^ ^ wnw-wnft (^^n >.() ?
R?tt f W : f , t ? t w wtw? f f f t i W f ffwfw tttjt o (?t) i i f w ? t ^ t f t t t t W ^ t f ? t f , f f t t f o CtW?J^ I f ? R ffw
t w t f ? ?ft?fc?; ( o ) w t - f w , t w w s f t t f w t ^ f r t ^ t R R 'W?fpf?t??f1?t I t f ? R W f f W I i t W w t f f ? ttf?f
ôjffif; (8) W f ^ W - t f t , o W ? f W ? f f w f ^ f ; ( e ) f f t ^ I W W f f ? t f l t R Ctcf? W f w ? CWcaj W f . .Jô? twf?
W w - W f f t ; (.Js) W w - W ' W ? W ; ( S ) W f - W ? ? ' f t ' Wtft t f ? f C ? ? I f ? R WWR W t f i t WffW twtw oW?? I f f ?
Wfw?, t ? t ftswww, t w w ? W f Wttf? f ? 1 W t t f ? Wfw? f i c t ? ' W f f ' c f t f ? I t f ? o t t w t t?t ?sc?? m i t f f R
W t - W f f t f ?ftw W t w ? f t w t ; ^ ? f W f f f???f f t t?ff1t f C ? ? ( t f ? w't, W W - W T W f TW, 8 t . , io(?) I W f
(Wf-wftt'-m f W f t ) I f W ( w ) - m ? i f t f w w ' ^ t t j"Wf f W ' W t f W ? t f ? f T ? t t f ?
ft'f^t ? ( i ) w f t f , f?-Wft-W'?t? f fwfw W?ft tttt, f W ? t t ? f t - ? T W ? t f ? W?? t f ? 'wtt? t f ? "WtR t f ? W f ?
i f . , f t f W t i o o ? f t . , i f f o , ibb, ibH; ( ? ) W f f , t f ? 'Wtt? t f ? W ? R t f ? O f f t t t f ? Wtww t f t t t - W t t t t t ?
wt-wtw,??ffRt?tf t^t?f(:^ wttwf?w?tc t f f t t W f w ? t f ? t t t t t f ? W?t t f ? t?PtW^ t f ? w f ? t f ?
ft. io?.!} W W f f t t ^ , ? i o - i ; ( o ) W t - f t ? t ^ - t W t ? ? J t , ms. W?t t f ? W T T R t f ? ttf?' t f ? ? t f ^ t f ? W'?R t f ? f T T O T ?
Lwow, f g i b r o y icsVv o ? t i i W . ; (8) E . Masqueray, ( t f ? W't, ft^, 8 t . , % i o e ; f . t ? f t - W f R , t t ^ - f t ^ ,
Chronique d' Abou Zakaria. Algiers 1878, 130, o t . , f . ^ 8 * ) l
ttwf f f S C f R
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Contents
W f f m W T - w f w S t (?t) W f f W wt-wwwft (?t)
W f f W WfWift (W) t t T O f w fwwt ttwt'sm.t tf? w f WTft? (?t) o f ? R t f e t ? W W I t t w t I W t R t ? (?t)

row I t f t w t o owff f f f c w tfTOr W f f W (w) % t t ? f t c t ? , W f f f f i ? (t) w w e t ? e f i i t t t e ? c t ? t f w t e ? ? m i
w ' ^ t t f t - ' w f t f t twwi? I f%ft w w w i k t t i i W t W W e t ? e f .fittTc? w t t e t ? f w R f f w t e ? ? i w t t c w t t W o
w?ra tft W T O roiTOR w w t ? t w t w t t t row i i t t t c ? w t l ? ro I w s t ? wtw c t t t t c ? w ^ f f ? I t ? R t ?
W o s W tW?t fft t t w t at?t f ^ i l t l WR Wtw? W t W m t t e s f (tfTO) wtt? f ? w fiffw^ ( t ) - c f tT?TO
(tftoftTO) ftsfro row I t r o 1? WffW^ ( t ) t t t TOflf f?we?? t t ? c t t t t e ? t i t w t I f f ? w w c t ? e f t f t e w ? f t t i t
fw; t t t row t t fft W?W ^tc 2tjiww row i WtW f t c t ? I ^tw f w R ? e t ? , w t t e t ? e f t f t w t t e w f f f w?
^tc f t t r o t t f t w R cttwt t # w cro^ w c t t I iww? f f e t ? 1 f r o t f t w t i ? T O f W i w f 5 t ? t w f f w t f t f t r f w w?
tft t ^ ( R f w t W f f W (w)-o W f t t row ( t f t w t , ?t?tef o f f ? t f t e ? f t w t fTO f e w t t i w t R t ? (?t) o f ? t ?
1TO1, St., io<2-) I t f e t ? tft W t w w?tw c f f i e f t f flwt www f l e t ? t?R
c w t cwt f w o R t f?iwt t f t t r o o w t - o f t R f - t i f t t tjRsFt (ttft-tT?t, fft.,, oo^) I
t t f t - ' W f - W f wro t f t "Wtftw? t f t wftt-wt?f fca t f ? w t s t?t ?<Rt f f ? w e ? ? I f f ? vstRQvS" ?'Rt row c?,
row ct, W f f t ! WWwff (W) ?lfTO ftsR row tft i w? . f t tt? ?iiff?ii? (t) t f w R t , c w w e t ? f ^ T O ftw? ?tt I
fsTOf tsxf? tft W T O ftaiWo f ^ W, W i f f t t ^ fc?t tW? mTO c T t ? t W w t f ? f ! e ? m i m R R W T O f ! e ? f t w r o f l ? e t
t t w t f ? t row I wogR'^?ctct 2(jttt row m i t ? f w ( t f ? W t , T W f TW, S t . , i-ob) I i l t f f o W W f t t f t ? I
CttTCt TOÎt row I t ? R t ? fft o W W W ? cwcas? R f t f f t - w f ? t?teft t f l f ?ftw t ^ ffwte?? ( t t f t - fTW,
cWf ?tffW? ( t ) - m ftft W f t ? I fs^dijpc^j f^tw? of., ?sff) I m ?'=f?tte W f f W ? (t) f T e t ? e f ttfwc
W f t ? o w?w ^tc c f r o w t t ???w WtRt? (w) o wt?R f t t l T c t ? w t ( t t f t - f T W , fft., ooS>) I WC? t w o t ? R ofsf
TJiff^ wtt? m t ttc? tc5 m?.?iffw? ( t ) - o t? ti?TO f f ? f t r o f f w t f 4 f t w t cw? Wt; w i I f f W f TO
fc^ t t ? row I w t cw? cm f?if?t ?1t?tc??, W f f W f R f t f l c t ? I f R t m t f w f?oWWe f ? t e t ? e f f i f w e ? f t w t
w w w f f (W) c?!wc?t%t? tft w t t ? ?scw I w t t t t w ctoTO f W teat we? i
wft WW ?<?f ffwtf? ( t t f t - t l W , fft., O o t r ; WTTOT, W f f W (W) msw? w t t cttw o wste?tf f l e t ? I ? i f f W ?
St., ioff) I (t) f?tef wtc?iDcw? t ? T O ?ftw f w f t w ffwte?? ( t f ? wt,
Wf tro (?) tet?, tft t t w t f t cfTO w t w c f w?w? 'RtfTw, S t . , ioH) I f f ? W f 3 W ^ ( t ) - m t f t w t w f t w ?
ftw?ftltct? w:?j t t j f f w i c ? ? I WtTO t^Ttw; W f ftt (W) o ?TOe?? f W i w f s t ? t f e w I w o t t f w cttat wf?H '^t t w w
t w ? ?lffW^ ( t ) - m f?f&
WttR f o r t ? tft c f w ? f f w t f ? W W o w t t t f W T W ? t W R W ?? I R i f f W ? ( t ) i l t t l T O
w t t ? row I W 8 1 ? ?tc cttw wftw TO m i ?r?TO 9m wtfte f t f w t wt?tet?ef tt? f T O w w W f "wft? ( W ) - m
cft? 1 Wost? ?RW?t f?tw TOtt? row m i W f W ? (W) o c?we^ i l f f t w f ^ c f ? t f e w I W f f t ! ( W ) - o t?te R f f
f r o tfw t t ? w ? w Witt f f w t t f T O ^ftw w c t t wt? f i c t ? I f ? t ? t W o w t e t ff?t R s F t l f t f c f t ? l ^ f e w m i wt?tew?
f W W o .flfft c f w ? W R T ? t f e w I W ? W f f W ( W ) - t ? c?w f ? t ? t t f f t f t w c f ?wjt row I f f f ^ f f t f w e t m
W f w ? cttc2R c w c f w o f ? t c t ? cttw? wc?t?t f f w t m t f t f r o w f f t w e w c t w t f w W f "wft? ( w ) w w s i f w t e ? W 5 w
tcsf ?.sww w m i WffWT ( t ) - m t t w R wc?? t t ? t f r o ^ 1 W f f W (W) ^fflf? t w w w f f w t wt?tef T5it row m i
w f t w c f e ? ? I w s t ? W f ^ t ? , ( t ) tw? c?tfie?tfct?cf W f "Wft? ( W ) - c f tw? f t i T O fTO row 1 t g ; w w e ? t^ct
t f t C ? tWCW ftwt TO f e w ( t t f t - t T W , fft., ootr) i W f "wft? ( W ) t ? f W t row I t?f?tet? t t ? f f ? W f f W
. .fitte?ttf? w o W T O T O T m5ft?<RR I W f f W (W) (W)-cf f r o tW^fw? f ? f ^ "^feit TO mi W f f W ? (t)-cf
?et?, wwet? f t f t ftf^ptt? ( t ) - m w f t f ^ ?.gTO t i r o wwt o f W W e ? t ? C%tTO oft?1 f f w t T O I W f f W (w)
c f f ? t I w t w t t wwe? f l w t I Wost? Wtw w f t o w r o t f T O fit?? f f w t ? t f f W ^ ( t ) - c f W f "Wft? ( ? t ) - m t t w
^ w t f?w?c? WW w f ^ ^tw tfwt 1 w f t f l w t wt?tet? w i t i t c t f f ? t f ?sf?w W W ? ? t??te? W f W f f t e w wt i r o t o
t c t j t?ff=t^ 1 WTO wwt?e?? m w ? ^ t e t t W f f?w mi wi:jlc t ^ t f w ftf%? W W f " W row i W W f f W ( W )
^t?w? W f Im ?<Rttcw f f ? t e t ? , W T O f o e t ? ffo ? f t e t ? , tw W f W ^ ! W T O w t f f f t e ? w w f ' w f w t i
w? c W f t ? w t w -Wft? ^ I Wost? W W e t ? c f w W?W? ?iff'sii? (t) t R c t t , c? W W ? ! " W t f W ? t w f -'^
. w w t f ? f t f S f?tw cfTO 1 cttie? wt?t f?tw f r o f t f S w f w ? W f ro m i f r o t t e ? f t ? w t r c f t w e ? ? t f t wtîe w R t f ^ i
ttwf R^CfR
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Contents
W t ^ ' ^ W M - W J f W t l t (?1) ^ S O O
(<intft), wtn-mfR, Rsi<in-ntmft, n t s o a o ; ^p#r5f, AC nm w n 1 w t wtf nm (m) wtms stntm f^fsm

win-nlflA, R>^l< m t m t ^ mAlnf, Atf^ n toivi) i wtcm mi Sm (m)-'iin ftnt^ tns mm n w t s nftw
s>n ft. w t ^ Tpw^s fwfn wtmn ss^smn cntwinnA wttat^n ffn mfm^ ttm w n (frntsm-ntAtm, At, ois>) 1 'Smn
wn 1 ss-senn wm 1wf^ np3^[arA (n)->iin f^ssfe n^mft artsfm (^)-m f^mtstw wtncn i i ft. tmc^ wfwsR catnt w a sI
w n I m^=i?ik ( n ) ststnw n-sntft fmw wfRfm ^^mn i Rfn lilt nm wt^nm wt^wtf (m)-c^ ntfftn wcss mfs^ atmn w t
wnn mmf^ w n ^ i w t ^ n m (m) ncnn, wtfn m i % w ASI fwR m^nwts nftw S'ssmfm? ttm w n lantntffnws
m mmn ^st wtmsFi's wn?in f^fnm wtfn i n n ^ t t m^^îiTA w n (attts'i?) I
( n ) fsmn (m)-c^ m^ntm wtntm mmtm ntmn mi ^ t l ^ lilt i i ftwflcwt Assw '^ms (m) snms twm ?[fm tnn
?m cmfe ^ atmn w n (fmff, ntf ntn-Qm wr^, "s'm (m)-c^ mtt ssfsm wiricn wt^ wtfwtff (m)-c^
At., ^. w o ) I nnrnn twm w n 1 wtmst cmti c f w c ^ nf3jm nmnwrs
i i ft. tfnnwtn, A i ft. fnm^stm^ Ao ft. tnstmn fsfww a s
m ^ "stew 1%Rmn ns ^^wn w t f w t f t w i ^ ' ^ (m)-c^ ntm
(frntsm-mtAtm, At., % o a o - a ^ ) i fsmt%m wtcsnn^
sii<!i?iiA (n)-iin f n ^ cnmn i mmm wtmrnnms cmn-s t n
'Snts (m) AA ft. ^tlAtc^ ^tn twis 1n^ w n 1 m n,ns ts
OT^mn w m m^^tatA (n)-'iin f n ^ wtmnn s # n i m^âtA (n)
AO ft. fwfn tntsfAtn wn w n , wwsts wtms wtmc<p snsts
w t n ftn-ant^ '^fniTofAcnn i wtmn f^m-Qm^ w t m A t m ctn i
t=fs f n ^ w AS I lilt nm smts ttfm t? ntsss tin 1 nnm
fwf^ s f n c t F , cAWti'fm! w t m n i n m n , cA'wtn^mAtsnsstnn!
"stcw I S mtn ^ fnstm nfs m^ mtt ftn 1 w t ^ ' ^ wtfwtft
w t ^ ^ (m) nRcnn, tm siinisilA! wtmAS s s n n i ( T i t mstn
(m) S'^ mm 5tc smt tAs t w ^îssl^ ttn t m w n mm
t s m , f s f n wttntc^ nj f n n A (Stnt ssfsmrmi wiAtmn W W ^
.istn-Q 'ntAs wtft men atfmi Atm sftstcA (frntsm-niAtm,
^mcA wtm WtAtm w t m m wnft w mt i wrs wtmm (n cmn
At., % oAe) I
t n mfAm.wtm"s wtfn <[Rew ttfn mt i m^g^^ (n) nfnrnn, m
AO ft. fn-ft'wts ctsfncss 'Smn (m) mmmw ntw s s ^ ^ 1
fncsit cm^ t n mftm wtîm wtAtm? ^^'q (?m t m fnrntt t s f s s
wwsts 'Simn (m) t % F t f^^ ^ms ts 'Sms (m)-iiis wtncns
m I w m CA wtn; ^ mmm m-a (<[ttff, f w r j tntwmmfwn
wfsssttt ttmtssv^ nstt m 1 f%f w t ^ ' ^ wtfwtft (m) wtn-s
^ [ s w t ^ la^rtn-^'wtfnfn, A t . , ^ . i o i a , AtfAnttoS-Ao) i i^t
nnrnn ^^tcn nmn flem, tmn ^ fin 'Sms (m)-'iis "sfnmw 1
cntnttn m s i m t nr^^wtA (n) w t m w mmmn t w m 1n^ w n i
^gwtftn (m) m f (s) ^ n-Rt w n cs, Sms wtAtn ^sfnstw
w e , - m ^ mmn wttt f n w ^ f l n i m j c m n t f n wtmn
mnts fnetn, wtms fnjas atmnws css^ m n,nesn cnf nns
wt3cnn t t n ^ fnrntt w t a s . w t ^ . ^ wm'wtf (m)-c^ înt wm
"ftm nmn ttf%c ttfsm m, wm wtn;nm wm'wtft (m)-c^ ms
wt3cnn w m fnrntt w t a s ^'wtn t s n wtmn (m)-c^ (wtAsf^-
ns,ns atmncsss tm nmn m f ^ 1 (wtn-tntm, At., ^. oô;
w t ? ^ , e t . , otoA; iAs1<tn-s5tmn, i o t . , % s a ^ ) I wtmrnsm
wtAftfa-wtAftn, et., 'J. otoo) 1 'Sms-(m)-ias i^t -sfnstw wt^
n<3srmw!tm cnssisnnsm^5mA(n) n f A o w n ? . ^
wtn-wtfwift (m)->iis atttm cwm wtms nwts tfses sm
.1^ . L k : ; , I J 1 ^ w I wwsts AS> ft. nnststfn wtesnnî^ S^mn (m) wtmcss
"cnrnnmn wfsnrfms nftw cmmt ng mnAts ssfsm, ^^dmr nnrnn twm tn Ate mtt w n (frntsm-niAW, At.,
nte sTSAts i>f5c<i m; wrmcnsc^ ^tntn fnm, trnnnts ssfsm oAe-Ato) I liifness ' S a v i h (m) m * ^ t s ^ 'wtn (m)-c^
'jfnm m liint cmnm t s t m fnfnm fnf^ stw ssfsm" (^[tttf, wtfs f n ^ ^msen -ts-Kif. tms cwts atfmn wtntn mi wtAts
f%wt<in-nttTf, AtfAnt 8088) I msncw wt^ :3m wtfwtft (m)-c^ wtfts 1^ ^mmts wtcsm
io^ ft. fsrnn AP^ fwf% s|5j5t,?ilA (n)->iin nft asbt ttnn wtmn I cnt catf^ 'Simn (m)..o8 ft. w t ^ ^ (m)-c^
sscsn I 'fsmfs W f ncsf m ttssts si^g^ptA (n) wtmcss t^Fstn a ^ wtfs fnf?? ssem 1 oe ft. ' w t ^ (m)->iis f^mtws nt w t tns
wtn A ^ cm (^5ttff, fsswt^-A"P^, mf^ nt iees>; f%wi?[n fwf^ ^ tm nmn flem 1 'wt# (m)- t % F t "^m wtmcss
mttf, Atf^ nt 8o8to) I fsrnn a ^ ^tc' f^fnmn t s mmm S'ss tm nmn stctn 1 wwsts 'wtf (m), wtnAi -a ^ptm (m)-c^
V S Q ^ wtnontn wtn-'wtm#s fs^wm cwtsms a s i w t wt^nm atfwcms ssfsew snsrs t m ^^fsen ^mtsifn f^ssg ff^ mmm
wtfwtff's 5 ' ^ t ^ wtntn (m) smtcm Iît Ss ttnnsswit mftm cnt^ ttMn 1 fssf wt^ (m) 'f^mtfe^ wtms mmm
mm Atm Ainsim^sw ^fnm wtcm 1 wwsts n r ^ ^ ^ (n)-'iis msc fnsîsmftw w n mi 1^mn m wmtm wtm ^^tm fnfsFs
tmwstcns ts wt^ ^mw (m) t%st ?tm stswtwfs ssc^s t t ^ R?it crt 11wf^ wtAtfntcss st^^^mA (n)-'iis mfA mt^ m.
tnntf fs'ScssTs
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vsrtf f t i W T - W f R t f t (?f) W f f t l W - w M ' W f t (?t)
o f w t ctttfc? f w i t ? t f f ? f r o f R W ? fwtTotiw oftet?,

w R WSRRI?
tfW*PWtft t t w mi WSlWR w R blilH t r ? t ? TOff o w f f ? e w I t f t t cttf W f f f (?t) w f t c t
WR ^ W t ^ (fftf, t w l f R - f w R , T t f ? f I Hob->, f f ? f f t e t ? , W f f t f ! fofttis f f t t w f ?w? fwtto?Tw
l o v ? ) I W f f t t ( f T ) - m .iirw f t w w t^ct "wf ( W ) f r w f R c f l e t W W w f t CWITO f f RTWW of??Tf?ttt l W f f t T (?T)
t ? t l ^ f W t ( W t - f t t t t t O f t t - t t T f t , H f . , f. ? ( ? < ^ - ? ( ? b r ) I t i t e w , t?T ftftfwt?! w f t W W f ? tff^fw? f f t wftc f t R c t
. f t f f t t t f m w f (tT) o f "Wft'lTT (W) t w ? ft:^ W ? o f T O WoffC? ftfo?f ff?1t ( T t C f t , W t - f t f t ? t f ,
f f t T t T f t f R m t ? ftW^ ^ t t t W f f t T (W) " W f (?T)-m o f . , f. Sbb) I
f w tl?It ftf^ T T I W ? f"WtftT ( ? T ) - m fTR5 -Jftftt 1tf^ W W?lt t w f t f t f (?f) ? t t ? , iffftca ttfwcii ??fc f f ?
^5[|t? t ? ^ - ' W f ( f t ) 1 t w t ? mtt-1tttw ^ttT? f ? 9ms ?? t f t T W T O ff?Cf?Ct? 1 f r o f t f t f t f e ftf'a?T 2f?t
c?, " w f (?T) o f"Wf?"?! (?t) t ? t f t ? ? f l ^ f?T ^ t ? m i ; ^ fRw t ^ f I t f t W f T c t ? t ^ wt? Wlt?T f 5 t t ? T
fw? f f t n Rftb? fRt? I ftW^ fwtf?f t w t ? t W t t t T t t t t ? fW'?f R t wf^ttw I t f t t ctw W f f W (w) ? w f t t f f t
t ^ t f f t t t W H 1 W f f t t (?T) %Ett?T W W ^ T i t t o ?ttt vsftftt f f f ? t w W W f t t t ? , ' c t t t t ?
w f t Wlfttw f t f ? t t
mi ?Tff^ ( t ) - m t f ? f ? t t f t i - m f ? f t t t ? , c? f r t w w f?wt?? ff w?o W 2 t f ff?w fftwit ( t w f t R ,
C t t f t f t ! w f t o "Wt? i l t ?JTfTt? i l f t w ^?tff? C?, w t f t T?WTW, 8t., =}. i o b - ) 1 W f 't?TO W ? - W ? f (?) ? t W , w f t
" w f (?t) O f'Wt?"?! (?T) t w ? t ? s t ? ? f l ^ ff?? .itlf???lt f T O W f f t f (w)-m f f ? t ? RtW W T O ff??ff? I f r o fwWs?tt?
t f ? W f ^ t t f t ? ; wTT?ft t f f ^ c t w f t f w ?5f?t? I W f t w f t f ? i T o t t t ^ w f f i t c?, w f f t f f c f ? Cft? ?iw?ta? f f t W f
' w f o f'Wf?"?f t w ? w ? ? f f ^ f t ? t 1 t I i l t f f f ?ft?T f f ? f W ( W ) - m w t t f t ? W W t ? w f?R f t w w f t "sf? Rft
tf??f f s i t t t t I Wogf? "Wt? (?f) wfttf f r o t t t ? tfwit?T (wf?ff-wt??"*t?, (?t., ^. o^bo; W t - t t T W , ? t . , 1. ^bo) I
WflT^ T T t t o TOt? f ? ? f t t t t , f f ? t f T f f t f t t W WfT W f ? f ? f t r o (w) f w w cwf^tttt f t t w ? , c? W f f W ! wwct?w
gft ff?tt? I f f ? f r ? t f w ? ? t f ^ tsRtttw I wfto f r ? w w w w t f ? f t W W o I W T RoWtftW W t ? , f f ? tftt?,
?TT? f r t w ??'tf^ fl?iit m i W T O t f f " w f f f T w t ^ f c t W t t t W W w w w ff W f f W t i t w w o I W W fwR f w w
f ? f l w ?lf5|t1t ( W t - f ? T O f oTO-1?T?T, % o ? , o o s > - o i o ) r f ? W t O f l t t w t ( W T ? ? ' ^ - W t ? ? ' ^ , fft., 1. Wt-ttTW,
iit?if W M t t W f f t T W f "wf (?T) p t otfro W I ?t., % O^bo) I
f f ? " W f ( ? t ) - m t R o CtfT f # t t ff??T CtTWf tWT? ^R?T W?1R t w f t f t f (W) ? t t ? , i l f T O W f f W (W) w w w
wtt? m i c t f f c t t f ' t - f t ' ^ 88 ft. t ? f f t t f e w I WTJ m t r o ( W ) - m f??^ f t i f t t t ? I t r o (w) f w w w f R t t t , W f
?*iTOtw f f ? f f f ?ttw f t t t f t ? ?tf??Jt t f t f t i t ? t t R f f t f W W R w t t ? Ctf^tW wftw? ? WWR (W) t f t c t t , f f ?
f e w ( w t ? f f f t - f t t T t , i o f . , ^. i o o ) I f r o t?fffCt? W wiâtHc?' f ? w f*tw ct? 1 t r o (w) ? f t t t ? , f f ? f ? t j
t W C f W ? ^ f Clf (U t w f f O ? t TO S 8 ? , 8S>, (?o, (?? O (?0 f t . 1 f f f t ? ? CWf I w t ? t w f T ? R f t t ? f t w W ( w T f W T , 8 t ,
t?1fltt? t t ? f T ? f t t tt?llf?1 b'O ?^t? ( t t f t - f T ? t , (?f., iov) I f ? ? f trtfwTO w f R ' t t t o f w ? tttt? f f R f T O
% OoS>) I - ff??ft?? 1 t r o w f (?) f r ? ?!a5 o ' Q w t f w R f t w t w ff?w
Wf f t f W f W f ( ? f ) f?ttt R f f "Wtw? f 5 w f t t , t ^ ?tt?, ?? ? T R ^t t t t f ? t f ? 1 1 ^ ?? ?Tf%5? t t ? I W f f t f
sfrftf o t?5t f ? T O f I f f f t ? ff?5itTO f r o t w i ? f % ? W f W f ( ? ) - m T O o f f ? t t S t f t ? ? I "wf t ? f R w f f (?)
f f t ? t t t r o (?f) f r ? w T W i f f i t f w ctftt? m ?t? ? T t W R t , tRt? f t f TOW 8 t r o (?), "wf-(?t), W f f W (W) O
?ff?tTO ofttfw f t ? ? Ctfft? W f f t f ( ? f ) - W TO ?t? ? T t t f ? t t w W ^ (^) ('fts^) 1
? f f ^ oftffw f t ? ? t f T fe?t t t g t f ? i ^?Tc? 1 f f ? f l e t ? W f fRt W f "Wf (?f) i l f W tTlfTO w f ? RoW?T?tf o
WoT f f c ^ ^ f f < f t f I f r o f f t w f c f e f ? w ? fwtfoffw f ? t t t I f f ? Wff^W? ( R ) - m TO t f t t m i W T t f c t ? t t ? T
f??f c? Cft? t t f t t f ^ < ^ I ^lff?Ji? ( t ) ?et?, f T W f t t f W t w ^^ftftt, "Wtfat? t w Rt^*^, ^^tfw t w tw
( W ) - m fc?? i i f i t ^ i f cwoff 4t?lc? ( f w ? f f f , f f w t f t "Wt^ft, "WTO t w f t f t ? o t ^ - f f t f ? "Wtw (W) ttc
t t t t i f ? , T f ? t l oS>ffff; t w 'Ttt, W W f f lw, S t . , ioi) 1 Tf?ô?l?ffR?ft?? i f T ? ^ o ? I W W f ? T f t ? ? t i t T f o b o I
^ l ? f f f l f T ( t ) - o f r t ? fwtfottw Rw '!t?t f ? R wtittf f t f f - f f t t t c f twit? (?oft, m w w t t ? t f r f t t f t
fi?et I m ?tfa!ew f f ? t ^ - f f t f ? "wtff ( ? f ) - w tesf 8 i t , t f ? f t R t t ?ffft ? T f ? tt? fttwt? I f r o f ? f 5 t t t
tt?T C?sfffo tftcwflct?, W W W f f t f ( ? T ) - m fwtTo?fw W f ? f ? o ? t ? T f i ? ? f t ? ? f T ? t a i f W , t??ltrt, W f ^ptl o W f
t t w f ftftfl?
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wr|*)i<piR<)ji wtn-*iis>stHif
m^mfsmf? tfwmncss afAt ifssiCAF, wtms n t c t n n t R

m*^, wtrnF t ^ mtn^ wiRss- ftmn (m) i atftn m f s t wtcm^ ^fsstcAn, "iinnR wtAtm wtms w m - ' ^ ^ wtfsn ns
rnmws ncm ntnn tsn -astAS wtn-^s[Alf mt^ 'wtnRs-ntA'ntn fnf^tsii w ^ mt 1 m n # f ^tcw i x i w ^ ^ wtm mn, fwf^ sts-
wtn-^gnrf, ;Wt^ m t n m'n tnn ntlnss wtn-'sinft, m t n tnn wtrnn-iits mfnm f l m n i fwf^ n t f f n-iî t m f m s n w t p - m f
'limss, m ' % tnn wtft tt^n, 'Smnn tsn 'Sntsn, s n s n t ^ ^gmsntntsntnmnwtn-mnrif c^. 8ii/io'iv-i!)-sfnsf&
wift ATlnn,imrin win'sntn mtn-^m^, m t n t s ^ ^[ntsTts, 9m mw ssfsntfAcm i wwîis wt^ ntsstfsnns tfwmn w s m t
f s s s t s n ^stnt, m% 'S^^H wtn-m^f, mt^sttss' wtn-nftn", en/iit t w t f s cm:s wnm bt/ iAt t m % 3 ^cw fnfnw
wf^ 'Sstsm tnn 'wtn%TA tnn mn'^H, Rs*^ tnn ftrnn, AtsicA I 'antswtmn-iiis t m f c n s sf^R f%mn wîmf wt^
S:'s"tn tnnj'wtnfwtAWts-^ssTf, wt^ mtn m ' # ^ tnn mmfssjt cnntcFt t R m n s>csn i^tnt cnrncn wnm tms fwSs'if
mmm w R - w t n t f , ms"mn tnn ^^f^ wm-ntfnft a t ^ ntfstwt vi'stiWJiC'i wtmtns mnn s^m A S I
(wm^tin- sptmn, i o n . , % S A ^ - A I ; w H - t n i m , ^n., % wt^ntmfssTts R f ^ n s m t f t wtn-%rt >em wtnsts^-witm
o(2-!-too) I l A t f A nnmnt%s5 R f n ^swtn 'Q f f ^ mn"fsn-'iis tmfcm sftfnw^ t^fwmfnssaf^ntm m t mgmcsst
Rn^tmn ssc^ (Sitm) i mm n n m fnfnn^ s # s t c i n i ^^t atc^ f n s f n f ^ Rmsn^
t n R m w < j w n Rin cstn ^stm nRm nfsntcsn cms^wn mm 'Qs^'j,'=f w m SIASICA S mffsn-ia t m f nwrncm Ss,ff% ^
w r f s w F csncs îptfn I?cô nif^tn i t*t Rtsm wtfnm fwfn fnmn, s'^m nt%rcns t f ^ m n wrmcns tw^, mR'ftcns
"iitsin ssRw fmns <CRC=IF ^fintfssi "Gf^rsiw w t s i s tFf^<t>M fn?TO t s t f c n s ntmn, wfsssf m n c ^ 'jss# s^tcns wtms
sscsn I t^fwrncns nnn fwf^tssittn,wR[mWjWf^'|sm nnf ntcss sffn^ t n t f t s n c m # n f I ^ nca n m itt a f ^ lirnn-G
m n ^ ms tfs n m n m f ^ mn (mAn't<[w-mAsin, en., O ^ A ) I 'otst^tf^ 1 t m s cs ^ ntniss mtfnfn sftmcA mm m m s t w
tmcm ncm tnstttn-isis ntnwn mi wims -^cn n n w ^ n nfiflfw^ ssfcns, fnctnw f^fts ncss. m>fnf^R fssn i
mms cm 'Tntnt^pmA (n) (wimsstw, sn., io<H) i E. Masquerey (Chronlque d.Abou Zakaria,
s f ^ f ^ 8 ( i ) win-^r^, w t n - n t f R , ntsm-mmn, fsntn Algiers ib-iv-) ^:S5 tAts s^'^'f wftf^ |n msisfwics t m s
i8ii/i!!i, in nt.; ( A ) i n f n n tngn-m'wtw, w t n - m f t A , iiis# fmntcnn' mtfnfns wgnnct w^jRs AtstcA i A.de
' ^ m m mtlfnsn, f ^ , wt. fs.; ( ) wtw-fwsfns"^, wtn-wtfn' MotyUnski tAts fsns^fts mfn4f sftsn ssfsstcm i
wtn-ntfR, ifsnmmmfffnsTt, f ^ , wt. R , en.; ( s ) t ^ m ' n , w t n - n r p t f t m f af^rs^s cs wtfn^tig M s s#stcAn
'snw-wKtss-twrgn-fsm, ^ssiw, m . fs.; (<t) tnn ^ m % , ( i i e / i o i o - i o i 8 ) , w m m f wrintmfssjt 'wtîtn (J:.I-LC)
wtn-fsmm imn-fnmm, ms^-f^sm wtn-wtstf, ftm, fnnn n^ftn snw'ssts fSf^ncgs ssfsm f l m n i
ioa-i/iioo, in nt., in.; (p) tnn Atwts wtn-'wi>i<>'Mif, at^nft g (i) wtt-mmf, fnstn, ?micm, i'ooi R , S A I - A V ;
wH-tmtm, fnns i o A v R , i n nt., A t . ; ( i ) tsgn-wtftn, (A) w t n - m n # f , w T s t s s t ^ - n t m t n (m^.); (o) ^ m n - f ^ ,
Sngn-tnm, ^nsiw, i v s n R , on.; ( v ) tnn wtnfgn-ntss, sn>entw, )>iscsi iAvo R , A t . , soo n.; ( a ) A. de
'srm-tnft'wtn, fnnn, m . fs.; (;) tnn Atwts 'wtn^tntf, Motylinski, Bibliographie du Mzab, Bull, de
w t A " % w w t A S ^ , ^nsiw iii>tov 'sj., e n . ; (io) w t n - n t A t f , Coor,.Afr, ivvd %, A% oto-ir, o!, aA; (a) R
wtsismfgn-A'^pmw, AIS^TSNIII ( m R m w j ) , msw ioito/iidto, Basset, Les Sanctuaries du Djebel Nefousa, JA,
O S nt., i t ; ( i i ) wtni^[>fn wt^pt-Atwtw ^mn-fnnf, 1899/i, 424-5; (to) Dalet >e R. Le Toumeau S5W<p'm^
wtAffin-^mmn ^ wtnmts-fswtn, ^ssiw, isis/isstss, iot;, nwtfsnrtn t f w m n sfmn n t t n m ^w^ w^ntn; ( i )
( i A ) wtw-wTstf, w t f spr-Smn ^sstn-'^^j^, 2ssiw wt. R., an.; Brockelmann, it., ooto i
( i o ) mA ^t^'nl't mmnf, fnsrspn-ntAtm, t m m - t tnmfmitw, A.De. Motylinskl-T. Lewicki (E. I.^)/
mcAts, wt. R , An. I 4. m. m. mA55s sAmn î*!
^. w t n ^ w f n
^ ^-wmi^^ ( ^ j L ^ i g ^ 3 ^ i )
^srt^ *llf>lf<ilJl ^ - ' S i l M ^ S r H I ^ ( L . j - ^ 3 ntAm ts^-ntss, wtmn m ^ - s t n t f wtfm ifwf^twmSF-'ijs
^ _ ^ i i ^ j j j i ) s siA'm t n n w t f n t w , mn'fsn-ian t m f mfnm flmn (wt^fn^ Djennaouen mm wtmn ntfms ^
i^lwAtfnss I t n t f n s m t f t s m n ^ w r n - m s # f ( i n / i o t t m ^ ) mc< Djado ntn^ w n f ^ i f j . J. Despols, Le
-a m m f C^: s>Ab-/i*AA) ntmm wtAtcffs s w t n f s fwf% it>iic<j w t | Dljbel Ntfousa, tlffsn ifeod % îo, ^ . ) i wtt-mmf
tnnrf Rsicmn
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Contents
ilr?'T % f ? T W t W f W f w W c t m t t Ctttc?st f t ftwf

f % t C W I R R WtTO TOgTO t t t f ^lRi| W<|t-TO? row I f w ? c t w titwcro twc& f f f ? t w w w t l ? t f T O t f ?
f f R W f - w i R t t % c f s ! R i w t m i W f t - T O r a wtHl^f ilt t t ^ W R i f w row I f t t t W f W W C t ilr?ff ^ . f f f t w
W f t - T O ? f f t ? W?-?tO?t.% W r o f f f I CfCtt^^WT ftft f t t C W t f t C f W f?1 f t f t t t f W t f t W C W t l t T t t?t I f ? T W f
? l % t TOtf W t - f t w t f f t - W f t - m TOtTOW (So-b-ses/ w f 5ptR C t f ? F-C? ( C l o t - B u y - w e W f ? f t t f c t t t t l f t f ?
ioi'b-'i)?, g. w w f , t t T O , 'J. vsvse-vsos.) # w WWT row I f T O f b R e w o w w ? ) - c f tw? f t t ft?m?5 ffc?Tt ??CW I
i l t w w 'l>l^/i?f fWf? lITOf W f w w f f w f # t f t i c w f t w ?Wf O t w f ? f C ? R ? - m i t t f ^ W^^CT?'tTOW WtTO
2f#?iTO ?? I twR ( w t w t W f T O ) t t w w - m t t t w w - T O f f f w t w w ? ?n?ct f t ^5tfff ?r f f r o t r c s f a^w-c? i r r o t ctiwtf
w p - w f ' f T O T O t f t w f w r o - m t t f & tfwww row m i , ffcftt ?5cw I cttwcrot f t i j ? t t f ? "W^c wwciT? w t f f o
ft? f f ^ o w w t # ? WW (WTO c t f t w i t w t t w w f w c w ^ f ? ^5tf^ f ? t I i t t R5R? w w t f f f t t t
t f t w ) tfwft W i R WW row I W t - W f W f t w f ar?i<if ^ Wt-fTofR-RTft?' f t t f t w - w t f f t ? ' W f WRTCt? C t f f r o i
w t w t ? , t T T <T<T(f/io<TO-<T8 WTR? tfsf W t RC? fiffw roT f e w CfCt ( C f t t t f ? t W t w f ? s f ^ f t f l i W ) i?81r R / i b - O ?
ttTO?, W f ttfitftjt? f m t t t c i f ?5tfwc?? I t r c w ^. ( W f WRtt-it f w f f t f f f ) f @ w ?? 1
? t % t t ? i c ? c?, t t r w ^ t f w R # t w WW tea f f ? # tW'S W f W R i t csrfwcroi f e w tft f ? ? f t t e t t i f s ; ? w ??
t t w c ? , ?W RTOt, t w t ? , w t W f , oWRTW, W t W T w , tWToW, f t e s f f ( ^ ? f f fftji) f t (ib-00), f s f & R e w f f w i f t
W ' W o w w w w I t r e t ? tC?T R W f t - t l o t ^?It?1t (W?C?T (ibrOi) m i t i f f f W l f t (ibrO?) I ibrO<H ^. CtftCTOt f t t t t r o
ioio R . ) o t?5wtf?-Rw?" ^wt?1t ( t t w ) 2tWftw ?t?lc? I ? w T O W t R W R f t - ' w ? f f t w e t (w?e?t) t t w f f w rot ??
fWtRtt W f t t w W R - W f f CtC?t^?tt? f w tlTRTW? ?sRnc?? I WW b-To R./i8'i(.ii ^.-CW f t W R f W T W e t ? c f s i W ? T O t ? f t
w f ^ I f s R s t W t f s ?? w t I W f WfttftJT W t - W t (^WT w t f f?ttt?5f??tt?Ct?l
Wt-o?ttT) WW'Srtiô ? w t W??TC?? I ^{?stt i o o f f R . W?C?T c?efitt?e?? t t t W t e t W f w w e t ? swwte^ff^ w t t f f
?tcw f W t f s ?t?lC? I t r c w o f W T O W f t t w - W R - W f f f w we,f?W t f t W f l t I CtR W f W W t ^ T O f f t f ttctj? TOI
RlTRtW? ?#?tTTW I s n R w W?5ltt (% - i - i i ^ b ) O w f "WCW? W S t ^ ?? I ? t ? ?o W f i ? , i?io fk./H W t ^ , i<TS.b- ^.
? f t - W W t t t W C f , t f t t f WTTOT, WRTW, RTtlfTW, - 5 ; ^ (^J. ctefifwc?? t t t i t t R t t t f f f t t t f ? TO f t f t c ^ WW W f w W e t ?
i i T-îS.?)tWttt? ? ' ^ ?tt?tC? I , w t e t ? Rf5 ro f t f f ?5e?, w t ? wi?t?l t?t sitie? ^ i f f R M t f ?
f t t # t s ( i ) w f - f T W f , f t r o , ?t?cw i o o i ij. ?5e? I ?5ct roifw W t t t f ^ ?3e? m i t ? t e w ? ??it?T ct? 1
ffoe-ffoT; (?) A. de Motylinski, Bibliographie du % W R fe? t W f W W T O W f W W t W a R t f c ? m i t t ^
Mzab, Bull, de corr. Afr., 1885, % ??; (o) c t W , 'J?fttt o wt?Wtt f f ^ fC? (00 WWR, i ? i o / i i WIf?lf,
Le Djebel Nefousa, J iirS.S., ?f., hv f W i ; (8) R i<TS.s.) I W t - w t w ? f t w o f t f f ? ^ f f f w c ? ? c?, W f W R i t <h
Basset, Les San Ctualres du DJcbel Nepousa, JA, WWWt t w , i ? o v ? f t e t ^ , i<TS.?-.fi f W t - c ? m i f w ? .
i V l r l r %, ? f . , S.lr I I
W t f f C t t R l f t f ?5f f R ?? I WTO1 f R ?ff w? f i t t t f c f .
- A. De Motylinski-T. Lewicki (E.1.2)/
W5J1 ?5e? m i W f W R l c w f R t C T ? (jstfWR o ? f ?3e? I
il..fl?.ilt. W ? f f ? ??TO f iBT
f s t i c ? W f W R t t w t t f R f?1 W?tt!e?? WW t t t f f s j t w I
Wt^ *ll<Mra*IJl ^ f t W ^ (g. t f ? f t t w ) f t t i i t 8 ( i ) 'W?f?-TO" TO W t - W R R f , ' W W l t f t - W ? R
WT^RT'ftW (J-L^j ,>-.l) 81?^ t t t C W .fl?5tt f t f t f i t , ff-l?Tfwtt O R t t - W t T O , f W f i?S.Vib-b-o, ?t., ?OS.-8o
w?rc?t? W f . i f f w t t f s c ? w R w i t r o w t t w t t ? t o t . , io, i 8 , Ob-; ( ? ) f ? T W t w f ? W t - t t f f , f t W I f R - t t r o
wt-fprtp? I itt wcsit t f ? w w f ( f . bob/iôh) t?tcf f r o f f t - f t W t f t f W W f ' W t f t R - f W R ( W f w W ? - ? i f ) , w?e?i
twoif roo?ift?t-woTO1?-.fi t c g f *lf?ic?*t I W t f f W W R ? io?ff/iS.o'l, i t . , ioS.; ( o ) W ? T O t f W W ' W t i ^ - W f t ,
c w f w ^ t c w t T w t f w w t w c t ftft&w??i i f t w c t ? f i t W l f f W - W f t f t ' W R R f?'1WR " w f , f t t e w iS.ob-,
t c ^ WoW TO msit 0?tfR5 t f c t RtW tttc?? t ? w f Wt??5f ?ffi-oi.b; ( 8 ) Nagib Mahfouz Pasha, The history
flW-C? W t - W t ? W f ( S . ? 0 - l r / i f f i T - ? i ) ?swf f t ^ ^t?lRR of medical education in Egypt, f a ? is.8b-, iS-i^b;
s.?.^ R . i o ?twi? I t t t f i R R w c r o cftwict tTO w ? t i W l t?t (ff) W l t l f f t W f - W f J t t , w t f f w - w R w t W o W t - ? T ? 1 f t R
f t ? ^000 1 W f T f r o i T ^ " W f t ? f T t w t " W f , ?t?ew is.ei, t t . ; ('JJ)
ttwf f f f C f R
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Contents
Oo8
wat-fs? RT'OTO wtttt sttWft'Wfw f t t f , f W W l j>!>eo W f t - w # (5.) ^w f ? t ??ifwc?? I t f ? n w t - w ? f f w c f

o e s - b - ; ('i) f T t W t f t t f t , W t - f ' " t \ f t - W . ' f ? ' f f ^ W f t t ? W o w ? W t l t W t ? l t ? t t l c t ? I f f ? W f t ? t ? w O
R R - f e i f t t - t t t i w t , ii/1, f i T f w t , i!e8-ff, I . W t W t - ? t t W t f f f t l c t ? I W t f ? t f f t ftttc? f W C f twc??
. R. Y. Ebied (E.I.2 Suppl.)/W.f .t. t ^ p ^ . f t w ? G3iw? f t w t w ? 5 W f ? t ^ I f w ? WWtt-q? t c t i
ti3t f t i t t t f w o I ? w s ( i ) f f W f S T - w w t ? , t?t? ti:*u
rt^RT?Ff ( A ^ J ^ I ) ftfR,=ilM^ R l f r f l ? t t l t f 1 ftf
f t t W f t f s W?? WR-?t?ft? ?"=f?t t ^ f t w f t f w ^ fitwr?
cftcg? f w - f t f l ^ w wtTCf t t t t f t - f t w - m f t f f R f f " o
(ed. R.GottheiL JAGS, i ^ t . , ? b r ? - o i ? , f ? t t ? f ibiid;
W I ? f f t f - m f t n t t f w - m fai t t w t f ^ f ? t ?t?ic? I f f f
t ^ . L. Cheikho, Marh. iSsof}-; (?) W t - W o w f t ?
twt f ^ i R , fw? W f t t t t f i t ttftftw I w?r? f w f i t
f f f - f f t , ff?t f t f w o Z?f*fljf'^ f ^ t f c ? ? i l f f t t ? f t ? I
f s t t ? t t f ^5#?tt?? f ? f f ? f ? cficg? t w ttft?? ^1t?t ?l? I
ctfie? f f ? f i t t f t ? ^ f ? t t w ftft? ( ^ f ? t f??i?)-ii? fwt?tra
Cfctt^ f t ! ^ f?t? f ^ W f ?Tft W f - f t f i t ^ o Wft-?1W?
W t - W f f t f - m W?TW WoW f^tftC? I f ? f f ftj^
f ? T s wt I tr? fff?^? ftft?^ f ? T s ?? I f f ? 'fiw f ? ^ 'fit?
ibhs ^. t??Fw t t r f f M f f f w r w I ' w f t f t Ttttt
(Wtt ftttw fWf T W ?? wt tww fWtfw t t c w f t w , W f
W f - W t f t i l t f r t ? f t t i r f tc?? f ? s f c f w w - w t f t ? "ww
? T ? t m s f ? .^fwTftf ?jf^ f l w t I ffstffw ff??T:<=i? WW Hwt'
W f W t w ' w f t t t t t fwo?ifiiIf?" tlct m t i t t f t ^ ^ ^ <)i!f ylC?H
9ms. I .
(f. W t - W t W f , f5lWW, c t . , OS.; Th, Noldeke. in
ftt^ s ( i ) R. Basset, U n episode dune
ADMG, ib-Jff, o i b - f.; H.L. Fleischer, Kleinere
chanson de Geste arabe, in Bull de Corr, Afr.,
Schriften, o t . , 8Hi f . ) i f j f ^ f t f t f ^ . W f t o W f ?t?ct?
188S/12; (?) I W W , La legende de Bent El Khass ,
W?o f t s t f l f f o ? t ? l c ? , tfwtft=f?t o?1t-W?1? (^Li^
in R Afr.. Ltx (1905), 18-34; ( o ) a. Valssiere, Cycle
0 ^ i J l J LJJI) t ^ . Cheikho, t??o5 mt W f t , t n .
heroique des Ouled Hilal in RAfr, xxxvi (1892),
Cheikho, t??iw i
242-331.2-24: ( 8 ) f W f W ? W ? , Wt- W W f t - f t W f
f t f # t S ( i ) t f ? f ' W f W , f f W f t - W W f f f , % ^Ho;
t f t l t - W ? t ? , t??iw i!ff<!j, b-d-b-h; ((2-) A. Bel. La DJazya,
(?) W??Tft, f??tft-Wit??t, % i l O - i l S ; ( o ) f W ? f ,
Chanson Arabe precedee d'observations sur
w t W f T W , twt. Krenkow. RSO. i S i S . , ^ . i 8 i ; (8)
quelques legendes arabes et sur la Geste des
f ? t f , W t ? t ^ - W ? R # ? , t w t . Krenkow, e?-ff1; (e)
Banu Hilal in JA, 1902-3; [b) Ahlwardt,
t f ? ttt^tWt, o ? t ? t W W , t l t T l ?.ii?; (b) G. Flugel, Die
Vergleich. d, arab Handschriften der Konyg,
gram, Schulen, l o f.; (^) Brockelmann, w t f w t ,
Bibl, zu Berlin, 1896, vlii, nos 9188-9391; {H)
i t , i.Jj?; (b-) W I t W W f t - W f W ? , o<2-?; (S>) W ? ? l t ? -
Chauvin, Bibliog., iii; 128-9; (b) M. Hartmann,
?500WW, ? t , o o f.; ( i o ) W t f t W f W f , S t , 'I'i-b-o; ( i i )
Die Beni Hilal-Geschi Chten, In Zeitschr, fur
W.W.t., i f , brii I
afrikan. und ozean, Sprachen, iv, 289; (!)
C . Brockelmaim (E.I.2) /
Brockelmann, 11, 62, S II, 64.
J. Schlelfer (E.I.^ )/<^.m. m . t R f f ? ??t1? f ^Kt
.1. i l ? . m . W ? f f ? ??t1? f iBt
WT^fT^lW is. W t - ? t W f )
. îT^fTPf (5.?lftft)
tf? wtft-ttw? 0 ? / S t f s C f ? C W f C ^ ^t?t 8st/iot f W C f ?
ftwcf? w?? t t t t f f f i i f i C f t t W f w a t w w f w f ? t - w ? i ? '
W ' ^ tf? w o t I W. i ? ? / l 8 o t W S W ii!/-101, f .
(ts,. f W f i o o b - / i b - s o ) f r ^ t w w ttwc? ftff&tw I .gt
?i8-?i(f/b-oo-b-oi, f t w ? I ?tW? ilfW? ffwtw W??
t ^ ttr w t r r o ? T R W # ? f f W f f f f t ^ ft? w
.?Tff?=ffft o fw?t?-?b(?\si I t f ? t f w ? f t f f t w cftcg? t w
mi. .at ?Ttftr?. f ? ? r w w fî wai f ^ f ^ ; f t t i t (*}. i o )
-t*tf^ flw? i W f "Wt? t ? f t - ' W W f?t? t s t t f l w ? I ?t?t?
^^WC?? W t l W Wt-?t??lt t f ? "wf ( f . W f . ?o'i)/b-?i [ 5.]-?
wtw?tw?jf^w?tt?j?t?t?tfppt?ft?ft??tf|w?,ff?flw?.
t f t t w f f s w mi. w u f t (*[. i 8 ) i i f w r t ? w w w
f ^ t w ? w n w t I W f t ? Rf? f?5wtf?-wo?tft? W W w?f f t w
t ? f t - ' , i W ? t f ( f . ?Oi/br8.Sj, 5.)-? t f t s t f f f W I .fitWC? Ult
t*f Cf mfif? -ft ? ^ ?I?I? C ? f ? W t R ? ? ? ^ 1 ^ f f 1 t -
fprsft? w w r w w t w wtt?t?iw ts? f? f r f ? cf?
ttc?? ^^f%?t fb(t" <ffs(.vs nf% I w ^ - w ^ w f ? ( f . w ^ . .
t t w f ffJicft?
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Contents
La critique poetique des Arabes, Damascus

mm ati:^ t n f n w ^w?5 ntcmfw ^ m r i i m r 1955, 28-30; DM, Iv, 331. ,
nnmrl^Ts^ ^pmrfmn Scaenn mmm SftfSiw ^ t m e i , Ch, Pellat (E.I.2 s u p p l . ) / wf.-?F.n. w T f nsm R p f R
mmm ^nriRR wtn-^mmn wm-mnft (^. mt^ iio/ib-to, g.)
^ rr?lTH-i"5T ( j j i j L e j ^ 1 ) s i ^ i m n t s n w t ^ m ' ^
i t m c n nm^mm AtsicA (^. i) i (wm-^mm tm ^gsnrnRmnw?
"Simn t s n t m n p i f m , ' w m ^ - m n n t % i w f n rnns? i tod-si/to
nt<pic<p<i nR ntfllt nnrnn ^tc mm m i Brockelmann
'sp, i o o 8 m e n Tlemcen-ia wtmn n ^ ntes cnmm m m
w^rnn w n m, wi^ mnn w m - f nff mi wm-^^fKH nss
AS I fwR wtms m w n i f ^te m f f m f t f s wnems ^jftsmen
^tf^ ^ mn lant mn ^tf^ n t P f wm-'mnmft (TJ.
Aid/boi. g.) iiin -jipwtf snm nwc'*? nR ntR i R f ns^nwT nt sêsn, w w s m mewm =3ntt3%r emîemc^ w f n m
lilt mnm w i m t ajAfn nn i m. winmfr ftn an:^ (The f t ^ t m m m ssesn i fwR 'gîR msntsense^ s m m ftsîs <pfsew
Seven odes, London 1957, 23)- f?S^ntn nR W t ^ w m m m m sêsn i w t ^ wtnen w t m cm^tens ne^ s ^ wtsst
mnn 'Smn tn^ mnm c^j. ^^^HQ s.yc^ m^ m R Rrtm W T AS mi iAiewscf w w f m n e s t
'ffsRnn wimw^ i j R : ssfnmn ^ ^ m m -iist ^^Rmn sfR Ai m^ntn, i d / i s liifstn, ioob m e n t f % ^ s^cs^ i
^gîmn (n)-'ira n'=fm, ^ n w i m n mm's <pRcnii mmn af5.t#t 8 (i) t ^ ntntin, t m s , m . , lA-iss.- Hist, des
ncm ^mt, ^fnrnn -snt mmn tnstn tg?t ne wttmmc Berberes, ed. de Slane, 2: 109-224, transl.de
wtmn (wt), mmn, c w t m n ' a ^ , R^wtR tit1n n=m: n'^ Slane, 3: 340-495. (A)'ntA'm t m m n ^ , i n - s T ^ s
îltslCA 1 t m n i s t a r # c 8;>1^'mfmn?^R5 AtsicA I i4tR ^>Q<QTn^ #t R-^Rn-^pi^ f m m f 'wtnfnn-'amn, ed. and
8 j wn w t f t f t n m m n sftn ênn s^fncm mm nfew i transl. A Bel (Hist. des. beni Abd-Al-Wad),
ist 'pRî'sRmw men R^, mmn-sfRlê m w ^ wmfwstn i;oo-iiio; (o) m m f , m w ^ - ^ ^ntn-ts^min ^
wrcm I fs5f wimmm, ^Rmn RR f t f t n apcm msm ^fm mmR m f R m f n m m , wtsRr^ w g . j . J . L Barges (Hist.
wnrwn nRm SflRw ^tmcm, fR (^[Rs R?.^n, m^Rrf^n: des. benl Zeian. rols de TIemcen), njtRn ib-ffA; ( 8 )
m ) '^'wim^m <fRc'i<i nft w t n nsfmicn mtmem i ^m?. t n n niiJSin, El-Bostan, Biographies des Saints et
lilt fnem fsmen mfsf^ '^fsm î^sj'g'* Atste^ tmn. nsmif Savants de TIemcen, ed. M. Ben Cheneb,
fsmen ntsi îsR w ^ ^ t t m e i i wt^ mnn fnem^ Algiers, 1908; (ff) I. Provenzali, algiers 1910; (to)
mfnmfm m^R mmt w n s ^wt^tstw, gwtnmmw, Leo Afiicanus, Description de L Afrique, ed, Ch.
^fjmssimw, ^lAAtniw, gnmm^, mmf, m^niw <q 5^=iawi I fR Scherfer, iii, Paris 1898; ( l ) 'wm^-mRiw t m m f n ,
w m t i t ^ fnmn tf^m wfssstft f l e m m, wtmn wtnmni cmn m m . . w g . R. Brunschvig (Deux recits de voyage
c>il=i<j> nn I fs>f tm fsf^ mtw%i nf Snmn f m t e i , n^swn inedits en Afrique de Iôrd au XVeme siecle),
iiwntns-tws fmi w m isrmn m t n r c A , ^îm 'î'^ nnm Paris 1^36; (b) J.J.L. Barges, Complement a 1
wnmsme'm JFQ mm f&m-mmm êmn f m t e i nm mf ('^Rm Hist, des Beni Zeian. Paris 1887; {h) cnn^,
wt^f%mfm) c?*f f%i sm n?.i% A t m e i i w r c n t TIemcen, ancienne capitale du royaume de ce
m nsnm mmtegfRmtn n^sf ^ t n t e i mm cm n w wmn nom, Paris 1859; (io) Brosselard, Inscriptions
m n f n ^ <Q-mmem fsmms ^mrn^ n m c n f & t # fn^êmm ifRsfS arabes du Tlemecen, GAfr.,1859; ( i i ) <^ c n n ^ ,
sismmn^Rmeii Memoire epigraphique historique Sur les
ar^ndt ? (i) tnn mf??-, 'Snm, Rn^; (a) mnmf, f ^ , tombeaux des Emirs Beni zeiyan, JA, 1876; (iA)
n t . ^tnem, in., oo; (o) F . Hommel, in Actes du ATe W. marcais, Musee de TIemcen (Musees de 1'
congres Intern des Orientallstes^ 387-408; ( 8 ) Algerie et de la Tunisie) Paris 1906; (io) G.
Noldeke, in ZDMG, xlix, 290-3; (ff) M. Nallino Marcais, Les Arabes en Berberie, Paris 1913;
in RSO, xiii/4 (1932), 334-4; (to) Brockelmann, { i 8 ) <^ c n n ^ , Le MaMizen des Beni 'Abd-al-Wad,
SI, 38-9; ( 1 ) Blachere, HLA, Rn^; (b-) A. Trabulsi, BuU, de la societe de geographic et d' archeologie
t n n i f fs'Semn
t.R.A/oJ
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Contents
Wf tlWR ??
d Oran, 1940; (iff) W and G. Marcais, Les a Oran sous le goxivernement du comte d'
monuments arabes de Tlemcen, Paris 1903; [ib) alcaudete, Paris 1900, 90 ff.; ( T ) Cour, "L
G. Marcais, Tlemcen (Les villes d'art celebres), Etabllssement des dynasties des Cherifs au
Paris 1950; (is) Zambaur, 77-8; (ib-) Tilimsan Maroc, Paris 1900 84 f
A. Cour (E.I.2) ^ W ? f f ? ??TO 'f<m
A. Cour (E.I.2) /il. i||,ff<
^ i l l i l l H (5. f t f W f ? )
WT^RMH ?.Tr ( ^ U i -f^Wi t w w f T l
j U j j_,l)
W f ^ Tt^ ^ - f ^ - ^ (c5 j L i i J I J j ^ 1 ) 8 (W) f Wfw
?f wwR-offf f ? % mm R f W I ffaf? ftRofftra ^ R f f W T f I f. o?/^ff?-ff-ii t f r o t R f t RfTOT W W
wtferiR-m o f f f ( f s w ) % w 1 Ptwff-ffj? f ? R R ?rsij
t?5ff!T:w I W f t i w WT? t f T O i .at Wrtt R R t f w
W r o l Wf Cbt! row I R R ^ n f f ffWIf Wfp-'W??fR
f f R s I w t tTO^f?f? t f ? 5f?fW I C?sf? Cff? .^RTRf
w^'tTw-m WffW W S f F R Trow,W f R - ' w w m cwwrtwH
w t t TO f W W ?Rw t C f 1 ?5R?tC?? ( t f ? R w t , f w w , >[.
(Tlemcen) Waj^tt row m?, fTfwrsf, 'ifei^bAfC^-Rcf. ioso
osa) I f r o cwa ?Tf R'?t?-m w R f ? w Ret? R"?n? t f ?
fiwf W f ftwft-m w s f w a f mm c w w fctft f f l f R f t
ffft tf? wf? I %*W? tt3tf fTO f f S W f R"W? O
cw I R R w f t f f?,%f RffTOfg W f f a J fRt? o ro ffcw
f ? r ? f .a?5t cffc3i? w ^ R T I R W ? cfieat? c W f ?1tw W f
^stfRsR row I R R f R o RfRRrroT? =jkfiww fRcw? i
?1??ef W t - R ' f f f (W) ? W T ? I f n ? WWT? w t ? f f W
WfT? WWT W f i/.^MIh "W^fW? wtTCf ^ W o f ^row,W 5 S f ?
Rff?-?ffw I
voi/iis>b- ffct wfTcf TWfrowI
f w ? t W T f f W t , WtewT? fWRW? t f f w f R ? f 5 W ,
f ^ t ^ fsicro WW W f W?iif? i t f w R f S i ? f t t f t f f I
RWw-JTf^ w R R f t ? R T ^ f R tR ? 5 R W t W t f ( t )
A. Cour (E.I.2)/.a.il?. -sft^ffg ^g?5tf? f.431
f r c f tif^"TRlTT-tw?(<_oVi ftj-A - ^)[ilttwe?
RmjtR OTI (j^lh >^l) S W T W f t f ? w f f t w ttf?] ?iwrf wRe? I f r ? t f f R t i t TOUt-ttWt I
f T W f cWRfCWT Tlemcen)-m " W t ^ - o W f t ? ? % wcl? t T t f (t)-ii? ?fo?f CTOTO fe? c? f R f ? ? T t f g R ? f
ffwro fwSf W W I wtRw?-m fffet?
RR fT?w? ?]t^ t t w e w f f?-t Tlfero t f ? siRtl o siii?f f t i w ? o
WW row mi S8 ViffSo wet ffwi wc? c?T?ft fbiRw ?? i f R f W ^ C f J P Wtf?T f ? - t T f f - i l ? W R T O tlct?, W f
WTT? W W W f 'W?RW? fTWt-il? ^ t w o?T? (Oran- ? i w (W) f r e t ? WTTt I ilt Rte?^ t f ? WW w r o
^1 j - a j ) - m Cfff?tt Don Alfanso de Martiviz-il? fRe? I Tfftt wttfe?? (^_^l i) t f w t i w f t f
c?wcf cwcttett Tlemcen) W a R t f R w Wf ?? ?tRW t f ? f r o cfteat? t f t t W f c?t ftfwtlct? ( t w t
(S8s/iff8vs) I R f c f f f c t ? R f ? RwwRftc? W f "WtRw? ftftt, tt%; tf? WR, T?tf 1, 8 t . , ?i5i>-o'\) I
-fTtWt ^^tW WTW Wt T? (o ft-WW, S8S/'\ Wb, i f f 8 o ) I t T t f ( t ) - m W f f f e ^ f W wtftc fttfw fsfct fwR.fT?
R f RfR? fcft RR.ft? fwct?TOTRwfRw ?? mi WWW c?t5 wit w f t (W)-cf t T t f ( t ) t w c f cttw-w? t o T O WW
wfT?WW W f ?f?It?Cf f t T O ' W T O f f R o ?5C? iRRRcwcf tw? Cf?T fffwflctt I fC? ftewt TO f S R f ? W il?l "wf
f f c t ? ^ f w w t ^ ?Rw f w ? row mi f f i f w (W) (s.)-m WWCt [?*f?t^ W f W f ? (W) g.l t T t f ( t ) - m
(Jsff Viffffo) ftWT wtwf? f f f f e ffcro I friate tfR ^ t t w t f ? t row 1 WttR? WTtR f w f ?
f t t i f 8 ( i ) Marmol Caravajal, Description te, t t w t f?wtfet? te*iT f f ? t l c t ? fst^t (Wtftw? W T T O
Generale de 1 Afrique (Fr. transl. by Perrot d' Ab f w f , W f ?1?? f?tWf, C t O W i i^Ctb, ^. 8<H) I f f t t w ?
lancourt), Paris 1667, ii, 345 ff; (?) H e a d o . fffroet? f w f w ? o WWtTO ^ f w f R w W W w f e r o ^fc?
Epitome de los reyes de Argel, Fr. transl. by t^tw twe?? CTOtT fwtRRt I fe^ t f ? t w t f (t)-ii? ftetcf
Grammont, in RAfr, xxiv, 231 ff.; (o) Fey, Hist, d t t w t fble?? tCRCf f ? CWCiS f f f f W TO I f T ? fCbtf? f T ?
Oran, 45 f.; ( 8 ) Sander-Rang a n d Denis, WW, W W w f t , ?lf R w ? o f P ^ f f Cftai ?lf W t w t t t w c t
Fondation de la rigence, d' Alger. Paris 1873; (ff) ft^?? I
Barges, Complement de 1 Histoire des Beni (t/b^b-^H t t e t W f ?i?? (W) t f r o ftw? ?MR? ii?i
Zeiyan. 449 ff.; (^b) Ruff. Domination espagnole tTtf (t)-ii? tiRct" t R f f t tffew f f e f ? I wfff fe^
t t w f Raew?
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Contents
wt^ m?? W H - R R # (st) Wl?f jwtss W t n - f S i f
(S./toOo-i) R R WttSJAt <t'RsltA'l I S T S - 1 ? S n " ( ^ l _ a ^ I C J I j) lilt ntntntewt fR tfsstn w ^ i sftrtw mmf '^K^âiA
^ t n r o n nmnft (n) WtAtm fts t % P T Rniw nftm? wtfs t s n n t n * ^ (m) wtms wtmmn tmnR sscsn i n^ mfA (AVi)
R^-^ s#?itR?R 1 -stAtnff (n)->is tl^<t>iw3 s^js ^ t f s s
"SAntn (st)-iiis Rtnrmews stts^RRrt nnn w n i nn, w ^ 'Smn (m) snm w t t s i A t m f m A t f c m nmn mm (%
wt^sTss (st)-ntn ^#fw stnts Rrstf Rcnn I ^ T R ? mnts fnsAin) wrmc^fitmn^^Rcw^ (tmm, 'j. ê) i wtmess t s n
tsn 'wtnRn-ntns Scan s^csn, wt^ mss (nf) Atcw iînn n^ m^'^n (m)-iiis nrngni mmf nfnrn ncn ssm A S i n m n f (n)
s w nRo wtcA, n w ncn A S , wtAtn new' fintAts #nn nfnntciF s wt^niss wemmnwTstf sstAicss>s wtssit mm c m n t t
stscis 2tcstw% nfjf nj#s cs cmn n ^ ntss ^ftww ^msnt liRt 'jRtf m s t w mt" ( t s n m'n, wtmssiw) i
stRtcn $*)*o)lcH<! s. gvs8-oe wtstw ^[wtR?n^sss^lft mts cstfj ar^tdt 8 ( i ) tnn m'n, wtmssTw, ?ssiw, ( ^ t wtRtfstt^),
Atm I ^5}osttRR S^ss wtstess mtcntcss n ^ ntss^tfst Rm" St., Ais.-Aoi; (A) t ^ ' f ' m n m (Wcstenfeld n-m.),
ssRim (ntntRn wtAntn f m f , wti;mss R ^ , cn^sn^ ^>>(tb, i o ; (o) wtn-m'^f, At., ivsv-; (8) oftn-mnsf, ^srw, s t . ,
-ii8) 1 wm R R n=rcn S T R mRsnnts Rcmf Rcnn m i Atotr-18; (e) t ^ "wfsfnn-ntns, wtn-tmtfwtn, Ainnntmn, R
wtnts>Tw tsn m'n-iii Scan sftstCA, R R Rtsf S'^tcns nt^, mmn , iOSto, IrA t . ,toSQ-t . ; (to) ts^-WtftS, S n ^ - t i m , (ft.,
n^S^-nssfts mens mR^ Rcnn, iînnR mnn-mn ^c ft itrto-V(r; ( 1 ) t s n Ssffs, Wtn-fsntm, i t . , i(f(I--ito8; (tr)
wtm Rm m nncss 2tcsTst%t Rflnnn^ tRn ssfsm stf^tcw^ wtn-m'QSTft, wtAs'liin-winm (Wustenfeld n ^ . ) , l i s t . ;
(tsn mv, wimssTw, st., Ais-'Aoto) i wtms mtn 'simft wcm (s.) t ^ Alwts, t m m , sstnem io(i-WiS'Os., s t . ,toot . ; ( i o )
aicsiw fii'Cttc'ot nisf^ô' mf%w i ci^<^sls ^s^^^<^ ^mf cs wiAts cnt^, w t A s " ^ wtAs"^, i A t . , i>o; ( i i ) wtn-fmtnmssf,
^yp'mns as^ S ^ tww w t n fwR iAts ^î^ mnfsnm w t f ^ - t r f n , i n ^ t , R. i o o A , At., A W ; (iA) mA's^î'fn,
f^tmw ^ c s nftms '^Rm RstfAcnF i ^5Atfwfn, Atob--!o; (iio) n t m R s w t A m n fnrtf, m>sntfnA
tm^ Rfsm tnsfcss t s wntnncm nttc^ apmnm wf|-niss wtn-f^mf, cn^snnn is>(?-to; ( i s ) ^pfn ^'fn ntn%n,
^nfnncffs ncm, tncnnw fnfsm tst^ wtscn snstnsw R S T tnntcsts w!tFfwss m*R ^ A S S W W T ^ ns f^fstf (m), t n n r f
^ptfnmRs ncm fsntnfstswt n ^ n*n nmn srstwt ^
ms.ffwvA; (i(2-) m.m.t., nrems, i n ^ t ,
mte^ftn I 'iiw'pfe wt^rnss (m) iîssi f i ; A F i RiRsisfwR
iOV8/ifetoS, it., VoVi !
S I S ^^8->o(2 wtstcws wtcntcss m*tn n^n w t s f n ^ wnnnc^
tpftn S'fn mnS^T
nw^ <>Uot> wtss w ^ 1 lilt fsnm fnfsnts w,-^t#^ mnnsswt
^prtfsm (m)-iiis nftw wtmn fncms ntcs i t%pts w-icsics m\
mss (m) nfnts f^fsm micnn i nfms>s wtms f n ^ liiw cntc^ (^ntnRm t ^ ttfnn t ^ 'Âisfsi, m wrsn rn^^ptA (n)
tw ^tew mc^ m, fwR 'srfw^ -^tm Sc^ mi ' S A W H (m)-iiis ntn t R ^ w n w m fwR wipt i ssfstw mâtA
nft nmmfecnnfntswjns^ntmni mnss m^nffcw bfnrn (n)-iiis ntnt, ntes ScRfct fwR est f m srwtcw -sifms f ^
mn I lilt n^fc^' R R fncw sfm w n , "wtfn fnfsnm fintn i c%m wtmn ^ f m t ( n ) t R m n S S C S F i tm matt
cntntm ^^.'smtcns sst^n mmRw l i i ^ wtntw-iiis Rncn sssts t R n t t w sstst sftstcA i t f m t 'Sms (m)-'iis f^tm^Hwmen
^'wfR'ms nft wrms n w i t ^ A S I fwR scnn, ^ wistw fR 1 ^ ftwsw ssfsm RstfAetF i c n t t m ^tc fwR t s n wtf
ntff-mmm m^rc^ ntfsn AtstcA i miR sfnntn, m^f-mmm msA'-iiis wiRsn wfwstm (Ato/tos i ) wttsfAt sscsn i R m ^c
wtmcm nsscns ntc^nrfsn AtmcA I fR wtntn men mfwcmn sifmn ritn'tms ten fwR t f w t n s>cm i wtms c ^ c t n
ssfsm 'S^sTtn-iiis f n ^ nst fnetn i 'S^mn wtmc^ nfnrn wrfne n w f w R 'wts^wlA twf-^ptm-iiis ncsf f l e m i 'wts^[atA
R f ^ WtR nfrnn '^fnm wtR i liitttm wtms Rss5 liiw cntcsss t s ^ - i s t s s c ^ t m w t f msA wtms cmttsfftf wtRms fswess
tw AS cqn'jm WtAtm wtmcss cmrt mt 1'Sintn-'iis f n ^ fsnsf^ ntmn t % F r 'S^mn (m)-iiis fnss5 c'ftmtcw cstst ssfsntflcm
sm Atn I fwR wtmcss nfnmn,"t^ ^^tcn wttR ' S S M C G i>Rrm (msw AW-JaSJ?. men) i tm mêr wts>s wtm ms, fnnm cat cstet
mte mesn i tmcw nfms fnsses ttf%c cntcsss wt3Ft "5tm wrms t t ^ ntn lii^ sncst '^'simt w i
'^fse mfscsn i" wwsts wtR n f m m f ^ i^t '^tm (ntmni) nmw 'ssmf^ nflns i n m A S wtms ssfswts srtn fss^ M t ^c
^Rrat wtfSt" (^m m'tf, w t ^ T w , gt., :Âto) i viUîIij n ^ w r *.tsicA I
tnntf fs'Scmn
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Contents
Oobr W f ffWf
Duaib-Studien, in Isl., i S ? ^ , f . i-?o; ( 1 ) cttf,

#raT WtJtff ffwtCW I W f R f ftif wtw .it i | \ s | v | ffffsfll Versuck elner literargeschichtlichen Betra-
af?t fra I f r o ftfwsRe ftf^twtw ftf (RfwiTR f w fwR chtungesweise altarabischer Poesien, iSiO'i
wtftf f f f w t f ? sffTOj ftw fffrrtw? 1 twR WIT? ftfff 'J. ?oi-.!jS) I

( S J - X ^ ) ftw ^Rvsit'it^'sj cttf? fifc? w ^ f m f fl? WTT G.E. von Grunebaum (E.1.2)/fTRtttt?^tlt?
^?i?t cficiit? f?w? ft? t t t t t t w w^n?it iî^L^
^"5?['rt (i^jj ^ 1 ) s .at f f ? t ( t f t t t ) ?i?t f t f f
5 .'.^)-? ftfwtto ff?fg ?? I W f f'w?? tlct? tfit^tw t t t r o
' w f t t .3 w t ? e ? w w ? ' t t t t f ? ' w ? f ? - ? t t ^ , tiTfef
fftwt? mw? ?tf (?'=!?t?5tf) I tw? ft? WiTCt? f'ftt? WW3?
t f f t - T F T F ?tt ^5t, f f W i t?Ct? I W f f?'W f ? f ??,fsit
t f o t r ? tifTftftct? m f w ?'=ftT fmm^ i ctt ttcf
m w ? tffji f f f t w t t e t w ? f3i I tR o f't-ft'wt, Hbijis
CtttttI o WlTCt? t f t^lTftfTR? ?f? f f w tWCf ?iRf
w i t ? ? , io.!ji-.a w?if?t f e ? t I f r ? ttwt f i j t ? w??f t t t f f
'3|Rswt? f f t f twtc? ?'=f?t ff?CW WTT?I f?T?W WtR C?t?
f f t t e ? ? f?Tt I Cft? m t t c ? f r ? fft t f t t ? f t f f?ct?. i
ff?CW? I WlTt?T ^ftf ft?? f t f t i t Wff? ?Wt Ctt
W f f f ' W fi?c?i, t t f t f f , twt o t f t t ? c t t i f w f f e ? t m i w
W?R?flt?ll
t t e t c t t t f f t t t t fc?? 1 f f t ftttc? f r ? ft-#?t
Wfff f f w t CtttTTO f # | W ?o?t o ?tf? ttet? .?5fc?? m i ? t ? e ? t ? f f % t i f ? i t t ? T f ? o t f f - ? f f t t cw? I
tSgm f?cf? w f ^ f r e t ? fRwi? ?#?tcw i tw? ts? Viso ttet fR fi?e?t? f f f t t f - f t f ftttc? f?f^
?5f?? ?sf?wr? t r m f?cf? t ? f ^ I W f fw??-m csfct?
Tt I f f ? f<Rt5,'yra ?T?, .at few o ?tw?tf? ttttc? WW?T
ftfwt^ttcw ctt ?wttff? f t f t t f t f t t fTtwtc? ft ^ ?tT ffbi? fftf? t i f f c f Rfff& f t w ? m i f * t ^ ftttc? f T ? W t t
f ? ? f ftct tftt? ft?3ffw? m f?cf? ?f?t? ?if ft?f? fc? I ftew cttttie?? f ? f ? ^ f f ? i l t f l e w Rcfttw f i e f ? 1
f r t ? ?b?f? w? m t?f%f ttt, f f ? f t f t t ? f t ? f t f ^ i f b-?Vi8 is t t e t ftt? 'tT? f f ?t?e?i?fittPTf f f t f t f ?
(._._....-.)-cf ?f^ f??t m # ff fffff? ff?tw fRttcw I w?
t t t f f f r e t ? WW wttsf TT I i l t f t f t f i t w t f f tiftewi?
tT 'ft ??c?? ftfwt ?5?t? cmm fftic? w?j f t f t f ?t?!c?
f ? H ffro f f w f ? f t I f f ? c? f e t e s i o twt? tft f?H
(f. O ??. f t f t t ?tTCW WTI - t f t .wt??t?t ttf? W?t ffW?ff? w t f f f i t ? fC?? WITCW t f e f f W t f f wfftt
ft?c?tlw wc?) I fT?ffw ?5^??i t T W w w e ? ? t w i f f f i f ?t?t?i?-m
fwR fT? f%^ titwf? trt? wa? o tfffc?? f f ?% f?t? tf? v^ff/i8?i w e t .at few w a cbK w t W f f ? f?,
Wst??Tf5tCt m?, .ft tJTfTC? W 5 ] ^ fi?tfo f?ct? I f f f ctiwi?
f w c f ??tie?s? WW Wf f i t f e ? t i W f f f w f w ? W f f
?<=ff ftic? f T ? fftwt fRtf^w ?? (cttf w t - W t t l t .at ^tc ??tie?s? f e ? f w t f? ?i W'W?, v^Vff w t ^ , i8?o
fftc? teat fffftew) I f T ? c? t f t ftfwt ti'jfw ?t?tc? t1%fttfe?ti
tT? fl? w f f cfffttt (ttatwi) rffcf? ?t?wt t w c f t t f
c t t fcf ? t ? ff5i? ffwtct f f f ?Ttff f i t m i t t ? fftn
^sifffw f r ? te?j m t f ? fftff wtc?? te?i? tttt?tf?t, ?TT?
w t t f f t t t ffro fftet t ^ few tett??? we? w w f p t t w
fct fT? .tt?f??Tt9ft? w?T f f ? wf?te?ff'f ?ettff}s; ftftt? t ? ^ fffe?, ctt tte?o W f f f ' W f t f o w t ? e ? w ftttc?
fft ftfew t w t ^?it?ett I f T ? te?t,ft ftfwt f r ? fcai? w t t t t w twt? fifb? cw? I w f t t ftttc? f r ? fttf% t i t ffft
ffiew ? f 5 w Cftf ftft, ( f r ? f oftt-m f f f ftfwt), fgtt ^ mi?Tt^twf?e?wrtf?fwt?wwff?tTlflct? 1 f ? t ? f t f
l?ic?ct? m f w tttt? trew f 1 ? ^ i f f i ?t isit c? f??lti fttie? t t f R ? f? f f ? f r ? w?i?t cfiff ff??H f t f w f ?
.at f5^?l?tft tt?f??Tt? tttt? tCR R'ftwt? ttt f w ?stf?l f ^ t w t w ? ftfew ttcfti t?fTf f f c t ? fwtfWRftff
trew ?T^ tt?te? I fc? fwtft f?pf ^cf? ttfret t T ? trttit f^ftw w?wt? tfbw cftff fR?ie? f r c f tw5 fftte
f?t ?t?tic? I cit crtcf .at wt??i?t f w t i e w f f t s f r o t w t f ctt ftte T? I f r ? ttwttff tfctt fT?
^?ie? I .at ff?e? ftft? ftfwt? t T ^te te^g ?ftl ftffg T ? ftfT O W ? f wtw? f w ? w w t ? f f IW? iift I f f ?
tt I f T ? fo?te?? m W f Rfti fftffs tt?lc? I Ttf? o ,wt?fea? w t f ? t ? t f ^ f^twe?? i .att? f r ^
f t t i ^ (i)Brockelmann, if., fttt^ i, <ii; f f w i f t f w f f fftfc?? W W I f f ? w t f t w t??e?o Rtet?
(?) tf? fl??t, f^'?, 8io-.b; (o) ?tf, t ? f t , St., ib-ff-b-; m i i.!5?-so t t w f te?? (.at? cttw f5r?te?) fft t i w w tarn
(8) W f t f ^ .bt., (ff) J.Hell, Der Diwan des ff??t ?tt5tW W? I WIT WW fR fWfffCW? Wfe f f f W5T
Abu Duaib, ^Jtett!? ifei^'b; (.53) E Braunlich, A b u wftf ftf^f?^ f e w ( w t w ^ - F W F ^ i f ^ ) I f ^ t f ^ tie
T T W F TFFCFT?
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Contents
ooJ>
SMS sRo ifTSsI^ <>U^H t S J R^ f s f ^ SsfSWfQ f%R m^ wtms m^tc^ n s w t s mm ^ cntss wtAntn tnn
SMI W R i wtfsn-Ttfnn wtn-mnt^ (^. ioio/itoos) "wtn-^'wtnm #t
a r ^ t ^ 8 (i)nKtS^,'5rt^-TTtSn-ntR, i t . , O O t o - 8 8 ; (A) mntRfn w r f m'wtnm" ntn^ lassttm-fsctn ats^ nmt
t s n WrftSffw tot., (2-i8, (2-ito,(2-toO, (?1V; ( o ) ^ J f S ^ SsRmflenn i WtS 5. E.Levl-Provencal, Fragments
A'n^-H^'iH'isi ^ wttsis 9m! mpi'-îrm, mm i o ^ i ft., hi^toriques sur les Berbers au IVIoyen Age, simw
At., iito; ( 8 ) B r o e k e l m a n n , A t . , toto-i; ( e ) 'Sms fsnt iJSiOS ^ . <H1 I
Âim, 5'Wt^-vtîlttil^H, i t . , A 1 o - i I at^tilt 8 (i) tsgn-^Tif, winnt^-t^fwmn, ^ ioos.

K.S. Salibi (E.I.^)/ mt.ss.n.wl^n^fmfR R., oa-8 t . ; (A) ÂTmn wtn-'wtmf wtn-mrf,
'srt^ (j^j 8 (st) mtn-mfft; ii^tocs wr^ fm'wffn-ntAtfnn, iptn ioA8 R , % i's>'s>; (o) wtn-it#,
^[Atss^-wRntft, wt^-siAS m m t n w i w wfs^ws Imsswtm gAintntw, s t n i o i i R., 'f. i i i ; ( 8 ) wtn-snmf,
miw WtAtm fwg fwg m R Stmn "wt^ ^[mss" nnfsss stRra; i ntn^nt^-wtnwt, snn ioito R , i t . , i i A - i e ; (e) Leo
wTststf 'sitn-mtTf) wtAis ^ AlÂ <t>I5sici't mi mnn Africanus, Description del Afrique, mtt.
RsicAF,Rfnsjsi-âiA(n)-iisntAM (A^-..^)mw'^fssiRRni Schefer, A t . , O o ; (to) L. IVIassignon, Le IVIaroc
t n n mnm wtms m f A nt^niR ^'mts n m t ^ "wtfn" n m dans les premieres annees du XVIe siecle,
m=m: WtAts iî^ m f ^ n-Rt 4Q?titA't i Rfn mtn Algiers 1909, 37; ( 1 ) E. Lev-Provencal, Hist.
fnfsm)-i3s wf^sif flenn i Chorfa, AoS-8o 1
s^n^ 8 ( i ) t s n ^n^-'wlnsnntf, wtn-tntm ,9m, ioAb- E. Levi-Provencal (E.I.^) /
R, 8 t . , I'H-ib-, nttrt 8ffto 1 . m. m. iJiAitis Â^tin'i'iBt
(AnteswS#T
^srt^TtT'^lH*!! (^>_j;>->i) 8 wtm m X n t n t n - ^ t s n wtA'ntn wtn-fmsff t n n t ^ m'^ (sn stmsss) >iit mstmcss
rnnrn^, wfsniRss nrnmnlfn S i r e n s m^ msnts cntca lasswn SeatemtT cnt^ I m^t^c^-iits s'^Rpjntcs (wtfn'Sw-
(^wtm At^ftm wtm A t n f m ) wntstAt w n i fwf^ tot/iAt m>8mft; m'gftR |i)SR?|lv Add. 7628, t 3 t . 277r),
twt#s n s w t s mm stfn^ >esi^ Rcnn i f^^mn cw-â "lit nncss t s " w<t, ^ttstn wtn-ntntfts "^^pfc^s (ooi/&8a)
nnntcns t s , cnttcn wtn-s#m (wf^fnss mmn t^ftf^ stn t s tnAiss" wtn-fm^ ^ S S C F t r s m ^ w r f s ttnfF tnn tnATss"
^-l^rtnm) mn^ nAftn wtw wtms t t n m A wnmmscts wtn-fnwf se^ t t n m ^ w r f s ttnt^F tsn t n A T ^ (trgRR
fsntswmASicn fnmntn I fwf^ nstwiwnttn, mmw wtiftt mn^ iitsitt wtcA, wes t n A t ^ - i ^ '^cn wtAmn t^)-iiis mew sm
<>^<\< nstmif "ifn wsf^ m^m mn^ nftcw s ^ ^^nn sscsn i t e ^ I ( f n f n m w t f ntets ifit ttnt^p tnn wtAntn R >s8!-s.si
nftf^ smitten ^gsR CAfg gimnfn^ c ^ i wtAlst nivi^mcs t l t f ^ men srsr^ w n ) 1 tm ^tew wgsiR as, wt^ m'^^m w t f n
mnssst w t AtsicA lani msrnn w^mcs t f t f ^ ntn ^ntn ttntss s s ^ fnA AF [W. Ivanow, Studies in Early
^'*iiisi i^^fiwwtcAcs,Rfnwint^css'^Hf'ssrf wt^*winn Persian Ismailism. ii&, tsst i-iis n<m new
w r ^ t ^ m'^ wtn-m5jAt# f t t f n S ^ t , ^gntn '5t^)-iira m'ss^'Tns w t n - t s ^ t t s (tAts wf^ nt^ tR
t^tm flenn âst wtmn f^tmctTS stfrni ^ ' f flenn wrim^mn (g.) wgntcs, n R lat n t w r ^ c A S cm fn^tfsw fsnst m t )
win-m^ t i mstn, ffiVA iflfsm, iiiiwtfsctfwf^nAintfe oto8/Siii mens t n sfsw as] I mmstmcn nm as, wt^ m'^'n
wt^m ^tm wttm-s fmst tii<>icA tf^Mn w n , cnttcn fwf^ ooi ft. nten ^trsts wtn-ntm#ts m e t lassnesf' nt
w i A i n n : ^ nwmen f f w srfwfs nem n t n f w t n i t s # n n sscsn I StfsS'jp wctrs wtente^ litt n w m nfnrn ai^nmn
mtn ^fncwflenn i wtmn t l F ^ i c A mnts fsmswsstfcns vîssf^ AS I (wt^ m'^m-iiis m w t n ttmntfw ntm w^jmn '^fsm twt
mnfsss nmest(nfnn) wri(S as I nnc^ w t n t f >i,ni*t Atsic^, ^ t tttfnftcw <iit m:^ m t , nssw t m s wif,
^ n t n t n m t c n s fnenet'{ftn n ^ t w r % : w wtms ttnmAl^. ^ m f w , "f. Dozy i t . , 8ii; w t n - i ; ^ t n m ^ nwrncm
3j>iJasivo w t AS I tQen t m s S c a t WtCAi Aambrosiana-ias tr^fnft
wtw-wtf^ f f n af^ ''srtw-wmTSns t n t fnwtRw- Griffin-ias ntatA 8i, ntm s T s w t s Rtnwtcs wsjnn
mm'3^"-iii wT^m'^ 1*1*11 H t i 1%ifw fsmt fmtiim \ t m tf^-f^St**! <t>I5cc^'i) 1
tnmf fs'Sesstn
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W f W f ? ?f5w ?^ R i W f m f f w ? w:?i 'S? w r mem WtTO, .JJ t . , o?.b), W t - f t f t (Wt-Wl^f^lftf, Wt-OW?t, i f f o )

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m 1^ W f f R - W ? - ^ siWffo ?t?IC? (H.Corbin, W?TO, W t - W W f o f ? T T O t f ? W t f R t f ? t?TO ( t f f t -
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t f t f ? w t w w f W f ?#?TW? C t t w w s R R T w f ? t?WT ?t?ic?, f f f f f ? f l e t ? W t e t i i f w ? f ? t t f ^ WfttRTt
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RWi, 1- ( ) W. Ivanow, A guide to Ismaili tRf5?jf^cw?, tfctt f ? T T O t f ? w t f ? t f ? t f r o Of?T?lt
Literature, 33-5; (a) c t W , Studies in Early- ftfwew tttict? tew?^ f f ? i i t w t f ? f f f w t f ? ?5W
Persian Ismaihsm, 1??^, tW?t (a. ib-S-So) f?5 ftfwe?? ( t f ? "wtiffR, f . f..) I #?e?? Cf? t f t w ? t t ff?
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( s f e R f ) W f W f ? Wt-ttwf m t ?jt^ t?W ilt t??w t c f t i l t ?t?ett f t t o f t t o w t - W ' o T O ( m "5^ffftt) t t e t
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? l f ??fCR ^ f e , t?t?t t f ? "wft? o fw? fja t ? W ? ^tc ( ) t f ? f W?W, W f - f ^ R , ff8?-'b; ( 8 ) Ctw, it.,
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( i 8 ) O. Rescher, Abriss, ii, 37-8; ( i e ) Broke- nn^tcsn (tviontanchez), c m m ( S e r p a ) , ^ m t m n n t

Imann, i, 111-2. (Juromentah) tA?'sR wR^sf?^wn mi ft? ntWT?
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A t m %5t? I mtrmncm CA^Rspt (Afonso Henriques)->a? (Guadalquivir) S t w r m ? s f p ^ m*R <>R?ifAn, m n R
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Wf'?rt%T (filial) [?] W f "aifw (f?il%T) l?tl
?wet f f f fte?? WW fftwtt ?tew fc? ?Tt fffcw ww

TO! iQwIt^ WTO f r o tlRw
fbR>,5(<(> o f f t f tR'f'Rf ttRlflct? 1 WTT WW W f t?tftet? t t f # w f t t t feiref?
W5 WR^??, WTTO 1%wn:w t5,TO wffw ?? I ctfwR? wtw fftwtt ttftc^t fw?tf?wt t t t R t m i cttttett
C^t^ f^ 'stW Rff W t - W W f C T l WWtlfR fffW ?.bi/b-18 'sttW ?.b8/b-<T<T-b- RTCt Rt? t R w t f C W I t t t l f
StTO row, WT W t r o f^fW? WWUp (PWWtW atWTtrw f t w ? tRwt?f f ? i w t tw?ifw l i o / i o i o wet ?T?ifet?
?t?lf|1 m i WtlW =^fwctt*t o WTfW f < TOt t T W frWfww RttRi t t ? m t t w ttttt fRrttlw? ?ft?t titw i
row I tw f W n t , tw WWT <3 tw W W WT5 ffwîW? W f f ?twftt-m CfH ftRw f t Rtt I e? f r o W % i e t w? %
WTlfw f f ^ RTO ^l"tsf?t fffcw fwff WTR (W*( Wfrw? 1 f w t R (WwtTtw) fsttw we? I wiTiew cwt c w f t f?t
WITIW wtWrW W 5 T ^ s t f t ^ attt?^ fw?t t5,Wr? fW? f 8 W T R ^ m i m ? w t l R f w t t ? t f ^ ?w fe? c w ?t?TftR
flf?ftCWl Rsf WTOt tfftfwe w w ^ RW? f f f ? i^.r, -.w oy^) ^tw
.aft t w <ft 'SWR? t f wnffw ft?ff ^=tw cwt fffc wtro f w ^ w ^ fffftew V wtro tRti tret cWf o
t ^ w I mtw WTTO ctt tsrttcf w r o w*iTct wtro f ^ ftw tfWfftt W e f t ^ w f s R t l f f w o f?tf*tw ?? I R ? f t t
wf atffli ftfftflwt I t f f t f f wt w w o wtro fwrattftt f i t f r ? cstT^ w w ' w w t - m t?t, f r o 9tm t t f m t f w f f w
m i t w r o w % t t f f f t w t f f w t f t f | 5 t ^ fff ^?nRT I t w tw wttt w f s R t ^ ?5ew I f r o f w t ^tc wtwet?
lawftcô w t - w w f c t f t t t c w f f r o ^ ffwtttt f c ^ w t l f f f f f t ^ f f w t - w ? t ? f ' a t ??e?? w f W?f W t T O f!^ W m i
ctw RtTct wtro w t w , wtro ffwt w f t % ttfwf w t f w f f ? W T W?fe ^ S i f T O row ( t f W W - f f i o b - - S . , i^?) I W f
wtro rot RWTOwft ffwtcw WTWstt fwf^tw ?? 1 t t f c w f T O t t f t ^tcw wf>stt? afTO f^fttwf ttcwew f T ? t f a
^ 'jft wsrsfft rote? fR WW R C ^ O m i cwf o f W tw t w R ? (Wf?iet fRbw) f r ? t f f t ^ e w RstH^
R W r w W T ? RCfo wtro ^ ff R W w*tct R ^ ?? I f r o w T ? f ? ' tw t w (ftro TO ftRtttff f i f w R w ? f ? f t te?)
Rro t % t t T O ttw Wtw, WT f^ttCW WJPtt sffw^w f f f w m i wtnw ?4*tlflf W s f w f s R ?tR ?? I t*fwfet? te?T
wc? Rtt, WCWR Rt?WtC?C?? t f f w fCf? WSet WTTO ffl? ?tT?t ?i?lf cw-si w f ttf^tf?; ftfftew f?tew? te?T tfct? o attet
W?ttc5 I teitetfti ( f ) Wfctttro w f w w f t - m 'ff?Tf W f f W
Sttt 8 ( i ) tw twft, W t - W W ^ - f f 1??, 8f., ^51^ (Wf) w t - w f f (f?,ffff)-,(t) t??tft tw w t T t - m WTwt
Huici, Tetuan i&<?o, i-V8; (?) W??Tff, ftw? (Dozy), t^tw o t f W f W (WwtfW) wet ttft^w W f t t W f tfWtft
i^bis t.; (o) tw ' f ^ , t r o , it., oib-1.; (8) tw ^ ^t^, W R - T ? t f (Rww, i o t . , 8 0 - 8 ) o (t) fftrtw f f WRtt tw
W'GfW-R?WTR, Cft, i o o R.; (ff) Wt--^'R1f,t-Woff?ITT f^ttWoTO R ? ?e^ tt? w w f e t ? wwe, ms ftf?Tf?Ct? I
(AUouche), i o i , W [ . Huici, iW; (.b) R. Dozy, WW?t Wftfct? w f ? 'a?5ft ftw fifttt ,?sew t t r o ^ i f f e f ?
RecherchesS, i t . , ibH, ?t, 88o-Vo; ( 1 ) Primera WR-RT??tw-m 'f^ww'-.a R i ? t ^ Wc? i ?t?tfet? f ? f o
cronica General (R. IVIenendez Pidal), i t . , bHd; (br) w f ? Wo3^ f f f t R w t R # t W tet ^Ce? W ^ - W R t f W W t
E. Levi-Provencal, Documents inedits d'histoire t f t ' W f W T W t t f t ^'WW .tf? R t ? t W t - W T W f
almohade, i?.b-?i8; (&) da Silva Tarouca, WR-fffWlf (W. Ob-J/Ji>S>b-Ji>S>-f. 8S4>/S>V8) ffwffswtW-f?
Cronicas dos sete primeiros reis de Portugal, f W R w R w f f t f t w l ? f ? f w , f t ['W?f?-?t?-TO wwtf
it., Ji>S> t . I w f wwTfR-ftroTt, it., wet w?e?t (is>8s.) ^ c w atftttw]
A. Huici tVIiranda (E.1.2)/f. W t f t W ^ f f g R?f?ttt g S t ? RCSlfWW te? I
^ 1 % (^f^1%f) [^] ^ t ? f ^ t ^ WR-Rt?wf? R??et? t e t t f c ^ te*)T t f t e f w tcatettti

^f?HtR ^SnW-tW^tft (j>-, (xeJrj'-T') - ^ J - : ; J-^^ ( f ) W f 'Wtftw? f?TWf tw "Wttwl? W f - f f t f tw ftfft
,11 I J... j f ) 8 ( m t wt?tft W f ttftt [Wt-TWW-m tftTT # ? f f t ? , f. 8 8 ? / i o f f o ; W R - W ^ f
WT?f ? WR-ffRWlft W R - W t W T ? f%^ ?Tf^) f?CW f t t t 8i.!s Riw 8is> wet fro Rtwe, w row (f?, iov)[ mi (t)
sfCTCR? w R tftwt-m fwtf, Rwft w f ? R W f ? falft^ ^ ^ - t t W t t W f 'W?ftWT f ? T T O tw Wf-WRWf

C ^ S f f f , W R f t - W ? : ^ , ^?TI? i ' ? ) 1 ^tlWT ( ? W l t ) ?fbw
f f W ? f I WTTt? ffwTt? f?rWR ftCRt ^ t W R f
(Zoroastrian) i f r o Wtf5 ctt f%5?t ??? fe? i te? f f ? ' W t - f i R t tww?" f w f f c f wwfet? "R'?tw"-m m
tfTO 'St^t ?#?lflCt? I c f w t RlftWWTft W l ^ t e t ? ffMltfWsT ?if<>lttf f f W ?*R wow TO (R. A. Nicholson, An
t t w f Racft?
t.ff.iJSo
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Oi.8 W t f m f n (ntmfn) [nl
Early Arabic version of the mi'raj of Abu Yazid wtat^s ntnfn stR wt^rtnt wtR w ^ '^fsnm tmm .
al-Bistaml, in Islamica, 1926, 402-15) i n w i t ^ I ^gwmt WtR (rnnr^n wtmntn) mR wtssfn
mmfn stnw mnrff R S S A wrnnn w n mi nm >i^ô^ ssRntn ('f mtnf, fnmm, sstntm i o i v R, ^. (t% i, A O n.; ^.
nrmfnm nsmn i n^twc^q wtmn %nn wtf "wt^ wtm, wrsRm^-wt'sfnm, it., ios>, i, e t.; iRAS,is>oto,
wtn-fmf I mmfn wtmm Rss^ 9m fmwn, fnfmm tnnfn 1.) I WtR ntn -smAmfmrtw-îi %tfw Atniij, w t ^ wtR
tn<if5 ^cw fwR wtmâSmm rt? n^m ( J I U L J I J O ^ J J U I ) wtmfwr ( 5 _ , j . ^ i ) - ^ mA mi rnnrtRsTt (i^^j) -m
mm 9m mw ssRrw^ i nmw Rtwm mmtn <îsif cws mntfsRtt mf^ttw nRtw istnin ântnt nem msw S f ^
Stn wtnftn wrnmmn atmn nos i nnn# ^ wtf tnm^ cstottnii snsfsmt (-j îxym stwttn i wstfm wtR Snfw
wtn-snmsif. wtf nt^ tfn wttsn-ntns ?ttw % sr^jw? cm^ Atni>ifitmsfsfn(2 s .< v)-'as nfsnatn ntm ^mnfwt nfsn'an
%nn mmfn wsfte, fwR wrstmrnft w n ^ mRcw^t mi wtnnsfnn csn^ ^t f w I WtR Sf^twt tiRntn nwfm m WtR
cmwtmnnft m^f mmwrn ^fsc^F m i ^jmns^ ij^ww? mtn wn m wtmRmt ( < _ j j i ) - ^ s c^tat Snfw -^tntn mi
fwR f F^ws (pm ( J < _ o wtmfnmtn '^Ffkw^ m,
a i . ) cnttttFt WtR m^ w ^ wscnl<"t <t>Rn|it r'ntstfn ^t "m^
nfms fwR "wtm^' tttw m^nms nnn ssRew'mstft %nn i m ws^"-s mtt, atnttt, nas w t s s'Rt mn ssfsm ntm,
mfm wtmn ntw mmn ig?5 ^ tpns n n ^ , tmn m^ "WtR wfssttntn, fRntn, nst msn cntA" (^[nm. 1- '^^^J i
R ^ ntA, fwR wtmtm wm wtm^ttnn m1%n fnmtns nîcmwt "cntA" ssttf^st wte,tn cms A S ist, nsn nms nssn stms s'=Rit
s#?ntin I wtm^ftw wtmn nm m^ sim fin m, fwf^ tnwm cntAns I
wtm^n n % n mn snfw m%t nm s # t m ; fwi^ tntftmtw fsnm mtmft w s ^ mstfn witfgn wntw ;5^t ^ R C ^ F I wtms
nm^ wt^ ntw w n I wtm^n nft fnfnw istmn Stftt wsmn iat ^ n s|5j3,silA (n)->as R'mw-iiTs wîwtn R'stwsttt feRw
^^ftmf n ^ nnm (^^) ^5ttw fnnnwtfl^ atfSRttn fnwt^ AtstcA I ^twm ssRns mfwtwnf Sntm wtms fnmimn
n^'Rtn msntn Snst mnm fin wtmn wm i ât sttSratm ssfsnttm I w^f%n wncw i s ^ t s nm m ^ n s f wfw^wts
RR w r s n f w t ^ -sfb^siw wtmn n<m '^Rnttm i fwf^ ntnn wfwsif^^n fwR mm arms S R ssfstm, i nm (fn^ S ^
m, RR fnwtss mm m^'-m mmn (^^^Rtn) nm w n i wtmn AtsicA) "wtfnt mAniAfw (i^j^^ j - ^ ) , wtR ^'m-m
ntw ^ (ntntn w j t t ^ m*tm), tmmw, ^mntntw (wttntfw wtntn ^^'mt^ wt-eni^ ssfstw c#imfl" tTtR i "at wtifn S R
fSsmtsna), m^ mmntw m s w n m*im nttn fsfw^ n m sf^tctsnm WtAtm wnm tttwwtwtn ssfsm mtt ^ inmAS
ntnfsn) ^^%tn nw 'mmA^ttw i j m nnitm mf^tmn tt^ w ^ R ntntfn ^^ftm^ "Bm nnnrtsfs mgfn ^slflcm I mwtAtw-îis
#tn m wsmnfntm i n< csnn fntwn cmnn m?witn w f^ mnrms mmtf vs^tnn 'jmgf mntftm wmsn^wts Scat
cmn fntw? wf'^ (i^Lii) f n n # T fnm ( J ^ J ^ ) wfsfnjf > i i ^ ^msm WtAts nmcniMi ssfsmcm ( ^ ' w t ) i wmntns ftstôfnsrf
(j J ->>UL. ^ L J i ) Snfw îtntn mm fwR f^-^nmm lat wts^[itA wtn-wtnmf (^. siri R.) nm w n , R'sttws ssfiw
Snfwwtm^ sffsRt wsfts, wtwfn m wtfm^ nwtm stf^Rttn 4ifAff^ ntmfcm stR wtcstf^ AtsicA (mmtm^ Sijn, mm.
fntmfwwmfwn I m nntts wraths fnsnw *i<init'i RR ntnn, Nassau, Less, p. 63) i 'Ftsf wtntn sfew tsnSf ^ mfttm
i_^Li âsî i_a ^ ; w<fts, ' W t R m tfs3t! wtntnR Atatcws mtn ntmfnrn's gfsnmm wtmn etmfsw 'stR Semft
mtnt! SmAsn^ntn wtmn titmn wtn-e w r ^ S^ W t w n t f (pantheist)-SfCt f ^ f ^ w t AtstCA I WR wtAtS
m^mntn ifwRstnn, "wtRnRiamwtmnfntwmRwtn,wtmA cnmt^ nscwtmm wtmm 'gn fcstn mt mi wtmn nwmcm
nrfw mtn tntA mt, mm ^ t n wtR mtn nn^snit n#win m stntsssmifwnntt I
(fwPgn wt'sfnm, Leyden Ms., 11, Aoo) i mn nenn ntnw a t ^ t i t 8 ( i ) msstW, ^ ' W t , mm. Nicholson, obro-S>vs
WtR fnw n w m ^p^mn Unin, nt^ nenn ntnw mm m\^-m nRf^; (A) ^gntf, wimssTft-î^, ^mncm is(?o, toi-is;
m^nn ntt nflstA ssRmn, wwgnn m nem wfwmft ssfimn (o) wtnmf Atstf, i<iip'i^*i-îwjt, mfRtR mfw mm, s A<?,
nsm ssntm ^^ntn Rntntt i wrmi wtR mfôs mtntn, Otrss-Sit.; (8) Wtf, ntSstAT^f-^, mm- Nassau Lees,
fwn mrsm nftttn wtntn mrsm mtn s^ftm nftmti i toAt.; {(t) Wtf g'wtnn, Rnsi^n wt^fnm, io t., O O - S A ; (to)
tmm <pR<iifi wm m nem msw msm ssfsntn i wtn wtR <pTOf, fsmm, mncm i o i v , ito-i; ( i ) ^wff, ^tt^n-ntA"^,
wtntn wwMm ia<pf^ cnsf wtntm ssfnntn i tmm wFssfsmn wsifs ii, nt iA; (br) 'wts^-ntA"ntn ntntft, mwiAt^ ^1wTt
mj ^ ê?ra^f msms ta c>iftm^ tm ^î^ f^tfstn s^mt^ i i t . , ^rt^ mfii ^rtn-fsnwrf, < M ? I M I is8J (tm^ m^mc^
tnntf tnstmn
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t f w tf? t t ? 1 f O t f f ? W f c f f f T W Q f wtt ff??"t
^tc RS,R8 t f f w R f ? , f f W T I f t - t f R , W R - f T l % W t r o T o O Wt-ff?W8WC? f t c t f r ? ft t T f f t w f t H t ; ?t?t

t^f%w? cfwRf i'S^ cmt^ wwnRo ?fW0 WTW W f WfwCf f t C f f f ? i C f 1ft ft?, fO t f ? t
^?rtiÂ.J. Arberry, A. Bistami lagend, JRAS ' WTTW? ?nff w t ? ^tc f ^ ?5R?ff|ct? [ w f t f f f l T ?
issob-, vn-^y, f f f wmmo t w o f R , w i R R W f K l f ? ? tcwwr?? WW g. W f ?f?5? w t - w f t f , f ? ? t f ' t - f f t ,
ft? f s f a R , o 88; <?o8; W i f W f t l , analyzed by H.R. Idris, REl, 1936, 80-7;
ffvsb-i); (S>) <hf(f?H W f f , Wf^W-Wwft?m, W^Rff WlWf Wft-'W?f?, ed. Ben Cheneb, Classes des Savants
wf W W , i o 8 ? % , i 8 f . - ^ . b f . ; ( i o ) t f f t - W t o f , Wfff de I'lfriqiya] introd., vlii, f., xvi) 1 t f f W?W?CW?
t ' f f 1, O^bS f . ; ( i i ) 'W3'H, W W t f W f t - W o f t W , fWt. f t f f t f t f wwff-tft wen -sm w?fcw?cf ff?"ii<iifg ft?w
Nicholson, i o 8 f . ; ( i ? ) t f ? W % W ? , f W f i?1ff ft., i t . , CWCt I WfTfC^, C'tfW WSfWfftf w t t t WTCW? CtWCf f T ?
ov5S>; ( i o ) f W f ? O f W f , W W T f t f f - f f t f t , J. .b; ( i 8 ) ^gf? W?t?t # ? ? W f ? ft ff?jft ff??f c?ff c f t f l f fR?H
W o W f W f , W o f " T f R - W t ^ l w , o o b r - 8 i ; ( i f f ) R. A. ^ ^5ifw tw?ifwf ctfft? WC?f?t ft?C c w t ^ f?t W i f t T? I
Nicholson, in JRAS. iJ>o.b, o?ff f . ; (i^b) L. faj WfW o W f 'WW?-Cf Wt-ff?W8WC? Wtf?f f ^ W f
Massignon, Essai mystique musulmane, w f w w f f ctWffw?fc??tfTfc^ w f < T f m i f r c f
W l f ? f iS>??, ^5. ?8o-ff.b I f w ? f W f ? ? f ? ? W W CWf?? ( i ) ( i ? w f t t - W o o W t ) f?lfw ( O ?If) ft?W Wt-W?fw?If?
W f t w - W O W f^TWW T I W ? W ? , W S W l t f - W f f , C5?t? i o o i fwcf w t t ? T f I f w wa^tct ( o îpfiw w?-Wf) t t f ^ 5 i f ? f t ?
ft., i t , bli-Ho; (?) E. Diez. Die kunst der f?t?af?tct?f?ff?"fWW"? ( m ftil fltf f l f ? f WWC?
islamischen volker, ? ! ^ i S i i l , ' J . ^bSi I w t - W ? f .at t??Mf ft??fflwt, t?wc m ctt?? f w g f f
H. Ritter (E.1.2)/f. ^sjRff W ^ fWW f f 3 cffic?, t T ? f ? f w? W f t ? ^ê fff?c? w)
'srt^ t % f "srtfwtw (j_k_a J ^ I ) S t f ? w?ww cfflw t r W W ? fc?? I w??tf, WWf? W8'8?ft f^
w ? - f f ? s t f flew? m w ? t t f ? # c?w [t?if W f - f f w c ? (g.) ft wttTtf ftsffs ?i1tw *ii*tct ftfw wtet? 2i?ft &twt?f?
CWaf^l I WW? f?cgTC? t ^ WRW? f l f w f WfHJW? f f % f l 3 ! f ? f t - f t w , 0 0 0 t i w ? , 0 0 8 wet w ^ w f t f ? f t ^
f f s s w H w ttîflî I f w ? f f w f i f f f w r n cww? w f wg^tet? f c t W f w f w wt-w?w?ft w R f c t f w ^ f t ? t
W?5ff (w f ? i ? ) - m m w ? ?iww c w f ? ?t??i? w ? w f f i c t ? ; fe?t I f f ? f r ? Rwftf? WW w r f t w t afWf ?5e?? m i
f f ? iwiiilf I'o ^tc w f w w f m f t <M^m^ ap? f f??if|ci'< fetw? w t i f t - f f c ^ "i^-i<i îcî? I f c t ft??f?tt WW?
m i f ? t ? t fc W f w f w ?io/b-vo w e t ? wwftfl (fW ftwet tww5 ?:!i I ^ R t ( W T ? f e ? f ? i ? T ?wt ^tftflt)
fWR-iJ) W^PJWt W ? t I W f f t f w t ? T f W f T ? ^"flft w ? t m i m i ? f w i ? ' 5 f W t e ^ f ^ f ^ ? ? ; ?tft?-wfe W f ?tfew?
WT?-ir msw? f t f ' t ^ f?f<? ^ I W f 'w?fWT W f - f t ? Wff? Wff Ctttft T f t t ? w f ? f??Jt Cflbf ii'ShCf f?fw? ??t
f?wc?? t t ? f f ? W f f t W f t t w?? m i oi.b-?br w e t f r ? fc??', R f f a t t r ? fff?^? f ? t ?#e t ^ ?? I ?iw?
t?ft? f?e?Tf f B l ? W o?* f C ? ? I f t t f f c ? ? ostwsfc?? f ? t c ^ f W W 'Sft^w f w w f t ? t fc?? m i ( f f w t ' s www ^srt?ft?
tc5f f % w ?sf?w f f ? w s w t f?c W f w t w ? cftcsi? f?) ftewcf W f wfcw? f f f t f^ ifWW? fwe f^jb^cf
t f c f i f ? ^t3ct t f f T f m i WTcw? t ? j ^tc ?^ t i t w fRf% fc?? I b ^tfwt?-wf wRet W f w f w f t t W W ?
^stfttf wc t t < T f ( f T W Cf? f% f r ? ctt? t t < f f i t ) I fe?t I i o woâwt W t - f l t t tt%flt W R ? m i wt-W?tw?jjl
f f w f t w t W f "WW? w t - w w f n ? w f c t c?f WffW ^tc f w ? t^s?ff?fff W t - W t f ? f f f Cftf ilfft "fg
cwt I W f ? i f w f W ? - i i (5iwsf? ??, f f f W f W W ? cwt Wf^?l w^te?lf ? t t ^ W f fffwcf ftt? t ^ wf"1?ief f?itif ft?e
f T c f f ^ f c ? t I t f ? ( W f w f w ) W 5 s f ? f W W cww? m twt ?? ( ? i ft.a?rt) f c t W f w f w 5^" ffe
?,t??f?,?Ttff?W W O ? t t f?Cfi)Jl???>C?? I Wt-W?w?te? frt?fT fe?t 1 tcwte?j wt-?t?wwe??
oo?/^8o WCt f f ? f w ? f w g t r f c ? ? 1 f f ? f ? f ? ^ffwfttt W f 'wwe??.f?w:^ f?egi? cw?w f f ? w f l t m i
f f f t ? f c ? t ( i ) W f f f W , (?) w?wwtfW (cttfc? ii? w?i? iiw:t w w w W f w f w e f t t ? ^te tftf ? ^ cw? 1
towc?? f f ? w f t t w f f t ^ f w f c ? t m i c? ?sf?ct f r ? W t - W t f ? ? o w?it w t - w ? w w t f e ? f fC??; t f f ?
t f f f ? ?? t l f t f t - f t t t ? ) , ( o ) W t - t ? f t (W Wf?ft, iff f t - t t ^ , f ? f W 5 Wlf ?lflf? t f ? fC?fft ?J<f W 3 P t t ( f W - f 1W, 0 0 8 ;
0 0 ? f t . ) ( 8 ) ?fWf ( i o f?1??Tt, 0 0 0 f t . ) 1 W f f C t t t f l f?n?wt ooa-) fRbttw f ? w m i i fî??fe?? sf^ ^
ttwf f f S C f t ?
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W f IT'tT W t t - f M
W f Tn%=f t f k t T T O f w f row I w t - ? t T O , tro " W f W f f R i w w e ? ? f tfwet<3 ftstTRe? t f f ? - ? r f T r o trot

ii\^M< f%f R i t T f wiPfg J'TCTO ( c t w wwm 'ii^Rvs l>\'îm) fffwew; (ff) t f f t - W f t e w ff??t ( w . , .siff t . ) ttw i i W
R-sf't'* TOST row m i W t - s J H f t t H J ' l l t t f ^ tft t f w o w i W t w f f t w - f f w f ? tiRw??iet t ? c w t fSfr f W ro;
ffjt tw t w wwew? f w f tttw?; (.5s) f w w f , R^Wf,
(fw W f w f t w ? W m r W RlWW (TOW ^ttW WTT I (vS? f w t f t t i!?1, i l ilr-Si> ?o-i, ?0-ff (^Slf?tW, JA. ilrfl-?,
' w ^ - i t T W w i f t W f w f t w ? (Tftwrot?wijRm w?'G t . , i o i f . , io.j3f. iSie, . i ) O f . ) - m w f R e f ? t ? f ? - ? T f f
a. tf? t?tft, ?(., ??hr f.; E. Levi-Provencal, Hist. ^stcw.-slftw TOW7 te,t; ( l ) W f WfffftTf (chronique
ESP. mus., ^ t . , iovs-8) I d'Abou Zakaria, transl. Masqueray), W t f w ? T t
W f wftw f t ^ f ^ f c t t w w row, w t - w ? f ? f w ib-1Ji>, t . ; (tr) t w t ? l f , W t - W W f t - f t f f ? (Colin
sTOTOt f r ? T W W w row I WT-W?f? ?.! ?tft't-W'8?W and Provencal), i t . , 'Sib (t?tew t W "TOftf t W ^'W
Wt-?f??t's?rt? wff ?5w?, t w (wft?f WfWW??! '5tW) ww?rf t ? f ? - w f e r o t ^ ?ttwc?, t f f t w W W f ? ^tftttn? t ^
c f c f ? m i (RW? ^stfw W f wftwf R#f?w, f f W Rww .!j^/i?R f w T f ? - t f ? t . t w W W f S t | t w m ? ; t ?e?); (s>)
f f C t ^5fft?f row ((RWW t f ? <t ig[5ifWtR-WeWR cfw?) I W f f f , t f f w s i (Bunz), f r o w t ? f t - w f ? ^?tew w w i R
CRW? ^stcw t f ? f f W f w t w o ? row, W f W W ? 1?ft W f ^{fw ? t c t t?few t f f W f ? ^ ttw ?ttWCf (ffff, ff.b-1); ( i o )
w f t w c f fsfftww row ( i ^ ^pTww-WG^WR) m i w t w f w W ? ' G at?T G. Marcais, La Berberie et I'Orient,
f c ? f f e w I W f wfw wf?ft w w w f % f c t t w w row i i 8 i - f f o ; ( i i ) R. Le Tournean, La revolte d'Abu

Wt-)Hf<) c t t W R W f 4 CWCf f r o W W C f Wf '5tW tt%W Yazid, Cahiers de Tunisie, ic9(M, io-i?a- i
S. M. Stem (E.I.2)/f. . ^ ^ ^
W?WW ^^3Ct t f f w Wf I w f t W f ?lfw W t - W ? f C ? ? f W c w
wt-wfw ^?c?i? row I w t - w t f T ? t f t f w w e t ? m i e ?iwf? w n ^ T i T * ^ wrtw-Rfwr ( . 1 ^ 1 j_,i) s f ? i w w
w t - w f w f e ? f f e w i W f wfw ww w?w t r o i w ^^sct? t f f t - ^ W W t w f?TWW t w f ^ t w WT'WW W t - W f W t f ;
ffww? W3J? f?f row I i o WW? W t - W t f ? w t - w f w affrtw W f ^ t w t m i t f f W f t f f f W ; W, iSi tltfWW, ob-o/ii
wift row m i ms f b fc^ W f f f f w c f t?ftirw row; ?iwwit ttet??, SiSso; f . 8ffbr/io.!j.!s I 'W??ff t f W W t - f ifW? f f W ?
w e t w r o t f ? W f w f w c f t ? f t w w f e w m i W f t f f w .^tro m i w t - f T t t R'Wtf?ft?-m wtet f r o f w ? ftwft% f i t
f <tlf^ I W t - W t t f w c f ?fw*fff? ffw?ero w f W H f e w ,
tfWW ( t ? ? f w e t f t r o t f R w f e f t s f t w w f r o n w t f t f w ? ? )
f c ^ w s R f ^ t row I ? wwt Wt-Wtf? f f t we?f? row tff f f t t?t f?ct ^srftffw w t t t I w c f w f f ? i t fc ? i f w
m i ?? f?T??ft, vovs^b w t t t f t t w e w f e ? f row; w i t ^ w , t f ? wwf? t ? ^ , t ? f f f w i f w ^ r o f w ? w e w t f f I R
ctTWft W f w f w W f " w r o e f weai f f ^tew ?w f t f w ^cw ^5(TO5fw fftcw I
ftttw W W , t f f W f "WW? W m i W f ?fftw f tttww ^tw W f W W f f w t f 3 f f f f W f 'w?fww? t w ? i f t w - m
? f w I Wt-w?f? f r o ? f ? t e w w c # 5 ? c w f t f tff^*ti WffW ffWW row I f r o ffftew? te?T ift? t r o t .
rowtf w Wf W W t f t ? ^ ?ttwe? I W f w f w ? i f?i??ft/i<9 t f f .8 f l w t ?t?tew? m i t w t w?ww t w (?)-m tie?t
wt^, 5>8i w e t t f c t ? w?et f f i w i row i w t w r o f ff?p cf?t w t - w f f f t i t f w ? c ? f t f s I w t - w ? f ? t t t w w t f t
w w t r o tuiref f f w| rot f r o W f c f wt-w?tw?Tf? m t t ''iilt'i?it? t w t w t w?'ttw-m w t w fefctw ftfw W f T O
ffw t f w t f W f W ^ I W f tifew? tp! W f t W f i W t t f w 'Q t f W w e f w W f t (ft^) wt? ?5Ret 1 w g ' 2 ? ^ . i t fwf fww R ? f ?
W f W osiW? W ? ^ f f f ff^stW? f f ? row 1 w r e f w fsR'e w , t?tew f f w i f W w f f f s f q s f .3 "Wftt îff?t f R e w ?
f w - f I f f 'S'Sb Wet t?tfsr5 f??w i W f wfew? w f W i f f m i t t ? f t ^ t w t t t .at? W5 w w c w tt w , weWet
f c ^ r o ttfwfew? f?f5 w3?fT w I wwtw 'sifait twftt f ? ?5tt ^ f l M ^t I W f wwt t t f t
f t t # s ( i ) f ro t e t '^tcw t q f t t t W t f f f w t w f ttw w?ww t w ? l ^ - m ?5??^fw twfft w I
ff??f t i r o w w i f t w f t t w f f t f w t f f t - w f r o , et fcs? W f i t w - m cwjg W f W W ? t f w w t f te*R f i t 1 f r o
f ^ f w e ? ti?fw tftfte?; (?) . a f t t t w f f w f t ? f ? - ? t f f f c f W W ? www? f t f t (^srof) tiiat^ w t f . Rcro rot
f r o t f f t r o T T ? f<3 ttWet ?T?ro f f f f f e w ; ( ) t w w t ? f i t I ilt t f t w f f t f w f t f f e w ? t ^ wfw?
W r o - m t t f f f w t (Vanderheyden, 18 ff.) ffgteRC? 2fW?f35 ^srtfw 'G ft? W j W f fIctt I tw S ( JLOJVI
' 5 t t
t w ? - ? f f f '5tew ' j f w ; ( 8 ) t f ? W W W f w s t f e w W1- J .... J < 1 1

a". V J 11-1
IN a V J i^j-^
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Contents
WTfST.'nTWFr-'mM Oil
j j j C i j) wsffe, f^wtc^n fnnattn ntmw est ^m nt w t nts nem atnn witn 'QS^'5< S<5,n mnm nss'if nncs Sms cnt
3*[ wtmst Sts ^msst wtWAJw tntn '^tnn wt; ( i ) cmn wmsf^ ftsn nfsRtt 99m ^tnicA; (o) ^[Atmn wtf mfsn
arms J J u,. -, ( j j [-,-, w< cnt nwmn mmc nm A S , (8e^-(2-:!,i ft.); 'ttAin ^ss <pTf t m i j ^ "wtf
wi^n-âs ns wt^tAs ntw-ias nft îAts fmrnw-âs mmtn-m^" Smfse atfnf^ mw ^^fsmflcnn i
n'tW5nnf^nteA,mtmA^'tn^cfmmwfsnf#s, cstnwstcn wtf mmts sHt<if s ntnn arp i tms witnsst tnn wtft
fmmcs5 mcmmcs mffms smt A S ) ; ( A ) I y':,' (_ wsf mmt->an wTm^Tgn-Atmfsm (An., A ^ Q ) afc^ gtsi i wissf^
Snm mn wsffe, îHf ? w^f-stwrsf^smn^s Snm mm wtftAcss Scatemm4c?s mens mln^ R s sprs ^tns (i) wtn-fwtm #
Snn% s>ms nmn), (o) _)_.. " mtmt^ms fnsnn ( w < f 53j;Rj(r).f^^; (^) ^.^tift^ f ^ _ ^ - 5 f ; (vs) vojin-^'wtmn #t
fstn nnmt) ânt cmn arms j ^ y c sifwescss j b mf%^ wsf S^fnfin; (8) fsswtfn-^ntn; (a) wm-^wissin; (b) tis^-
ffswitn ^msm nmsT msf aiAn ssm; nms wesf m^) i ât ffws ^twinTfsn-ms^ (wifn-ss-tfnn 'Smn tn^n-^"mnn tnn
nnmt fwfF WtAtn 2)tn^ ar^ f%wts tnmlnw wTftmfn-mttmfsn 'wtm?^ tnn wtA'ntn, w. A O S ft. sf&w ^.-^twi^-Ts
f5pq!t^5-^ iPfH ssRstem I atnnfnm tms ^st nrncm^m A S , fs^f fsm-f^^XAS wtm); (1) WtAm^-fSWH; (S^-ntmW); (!)
wsetcn mtn-^TRn fsatA S^ ar^ nic fncws 'j^ nfft'afsfft wisntwt ^^'mntw f t S^'fnf^tniniw; ( i o ) t i m ^
ssjsn I mtn-snfns fnmA 'StAts "wts-Rmn^- ss'ifht^sjlc^ tntntfwn-tnwtn wtsm'wt m\ wtsfswTf ^'wtfsm; ( i i )
cut ffw ' S R N M ssfsmflcnn wtm wtf mmt-ias ffws w ^ n i 5îmm f^-wtmn; (iA) wtrpftgn- mt^'fn 'wtmn-f^t'm; (io)
wtf tstm liitfsncs "wts-st^wtrnn-wtt'wtfsmt mn-^fsstfnsjt fsswtfw-fwfs; (i8) fsswtfs- R^mmmsfn 'sstn-^mwAtsn, Sms
ismn mfnfnmt 'sstn-'^stt^ntfnsjt ntn-tsfnn ntnsin" t^csimcii msRg "'mw-wtmn fn 1%wt%-fsmstwH" f^îcmnten wtf m'ntn
'ms iflârâttsn^^fsmflcnn I ^ wnn-^'mnn fnftnieAn; (ia) wtn-f^tnr^-sstfts; (i^)
wtf mmts wtn m^ sjRra nmt "^tn wtn-wtA'sn^n- wtn-f5tmin 'sstn-wi^'mn; ( i i ) tswi^jn-ft'sin; (iv) w t w " ^
^gnwifmn, atmtw mfst tmn wtn-m^mnf (wifn-Atmn "wt^ nistfsstw ftm nfimSnt^fnn tnîfwn-Rsm i
ts=t ^ i m n tsn Aiffn wtn-mnif wtn-ntnmf) ftatmcn a t ^ t ^ 8 (i) ts=T wtf) m'm, wtm^Tgn-Aimfsm, ntemsn,
cstatAaftsn <i=fssiCA'i Smststsfw wis wtf mmts ^ a t i f ^ 5|Aimn Aifn^-snft, sstsem ioii/i;ffA, A.n., iio n.r S'ss
tststw wfs^?t cms afts m^ I mRj c^nn m^ cs, wtf wTnwTw-^ ntfns^ n??sn, t t m g ^ (wtf 'wtnf^ s[A'tmn
tstm fin tmn witmin tsn A I ^ - ^ mnAin wgstft Aif An'Â <3 tsn 'wtsTjn-'^lfns tsn 'Simn) wtn-nisn;f (w. i;i ft.),
Winn ntsFi '|f^mf^-ntnwtnin^ n<fm '^fsm ntcw mi ntettsen wtA'ntn 'Ssmn, ntfntss i o e ft.; (^) ^nwims^
wm-momsf ffs tmn w t t - m R ^ rnnmn n^fm mm mi wtsmfwn Atmfsnt (wtst^'tfn AtmRnts S'ts fwfe ^m sf^w,
wmtm iiiSAK-'as nftw Sms fnm ssfsm mew i wtf mmt s>oo ft. ts, win-wtfft 'mn-mss-f^ 'wtn^s-stA'nin t s n
wtn-m'smsf flenn nnmnfsss mi Swcs nncs mnnten >^nmn tsn 'wtn^-siAnin '^wss atfw, ntsfA ntfns^n s
mm S5fscn (win-m'sntsf flstft nns nsen sao ftwfte Ânmn w t f ^ - t t w f t , mfntss ivovss. ft.; (o) wm-ntsnf,
tfSss'in mm) i lanno ât fnnsf^ wînmnmcn^ cn, Sf|f3|w wtn-nT^ fnn-'sstfwjtw, mfnt^ i M o , on., % (8) tsgn-
af^^csn cssRfS ' ^ R S ias?.ScssnesTf^si^Tcssnmssfsmnin i 'sft'sff, ^--^sfrnwin, vn., A 8 O - A 8 8 (ntmt is>ff); (a) wtftt
wTf mmt nmcs^ m^ nw ^tn, wtA'ntn tnn mmn (s)-^qs M M T T N (wm-m'wtm "sgmnn, i&oi). An., :!,eto; (b) timsr^n-
ntsAin ntiJFl njimts's Sms nn<fcn wtmn n n ^ c w t ntt i niAtn, on., o o ^ ; ( i ) wtf m'm, wm'-wiA'sn^n- ^[nwiRsn,
wnm fnrnn (Atf^ n*Rtî1snn)tmn (Aif CAS mitm n4tt)-ias ntemsn, -^rm Aifn^-'Ft^ ^ w w t wtn-ntff win-Aintft,
cms fwf^ fnwmmm ncAn, - W C F ^ nns fwfî ^ mfmnA sstnest, iSiOV; ( V ) B r o c k e l m a n n , i t . , oistr i
atrnt^n cn*f '^fsm mess^t i mfsjn ^"tmn (m.m.t.)/gAfmn tnmn n f
WTf mmtn cm^ nfsms 3aR-nRmn c w i fnctn n^tmmm^ ^ ( - i j ^ i ) (n), m'^'s tsn tnmftn
fin I ^stAtn f ^ 's mm attjtw 'wtfnn -mss"^ flenn i 'IAIS ^ - ^ H n i f , w t n - ^ , Atnt^ ntsAless tmn, -mf, fsftt sî^tA
Rcwl'* fwF tpi ^ (?pA. fsncs fnetn n#tlniwn.las?, ftn Aimft (5.)rnnmcssatfwttwtetis mm i fwf^ flenn ff^ wran
f^twtn wnmnn^RiAs sscnss' ff% sscsn s ( i ) 'SmmjaiA wtfn- ntetf^w I WtAtn wtfn *i;5pn m'n tnn mnm sr^^tatA (^)-m
ssifnn (88o-ff8S. ft.); (A) -gAimnwtfn-^nisn (8ffi-<?Ato ft.), sm-Tis fsss flenn mi fwf^ n f m sint's^sTsts snntn ^^fsen
wlAfSatnjtwaf^wtSII' I'jn-A'Hlfsni ât lîf^sfwar^n^jpâ (fîfi*o ^n#?f mj s. wm-iT^ts wtn-'sin'mf, wif^f '^tmn,
t n n i f Rêsstn
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Contents
WfffSp,t5lR(?)
i8t., ?8) I W f f f r o W ? f W T f ? t ? t r o f t T O W t ? t ? t % f 1 W ? W f Wff? (?)-m f 3 t t t f f ( f . is>? R.) f f w f ? # f r w ?

wtf?t ??1 W f s r r f w i i / i v 5 i , - i o ; ^ TOI iRRTf teat ffTOfR ^stwflctt .a?i W f W t t ? f f % W l t f f ? ffw?
.roi t t w W W I W W ? 1?wtf I ' R T R # n 5 .ii?# ?tw ^ f ? i f l twfff^flctti
Wf fff ^fxtc? w%%wi 1 fw? f R w cwRw w f ? Rros t w t W f f f f ( ? ) - m t f f t f w t t a t t w w f*tw f i t t t W f
tWf W f w t f w (?)te.lf w w WTW f ? W W W ? m i 1f? Wtftw? ^ " t W t t f ? Wt-T"tW? Wf-f1??tf [g.l ( f . iVS. R.) I
wwfw W f W '3i#T fw? I wwf fr?fWw .if'ojjf wf? c?, W f f f t f ? ? ^ t i f W R ? titrt Rswwt? t t a t c t t w 1
Wf f f f f W f f w f?f'S.s?T?f? t ? f t W f T T f W , t ? f t W f w Wt-R?!f-.ii f r ? c? t t ^ ?3?f? W t t t a t ?ft?fc? wfit?i

t f ? W ? f f , W t - W ? ? t f ? w t f f t f ? f w 5 ff?5? ?-ff? fifW C f t t m f t ? j f w t t t f f f S ' ^ W f^twt? I w? i t w f % t f t f t ?
fTf- f t ? ? ( W t - f f f ? W t - W f W f , i8f., ?8?, W f f f f wt ^ f f T f t - t f ? t W W T W ? l ? t ^ < f R , f R WW? a
( ? ) - m f f ^ f t f ? m^ f#if f??rwfj W f f W f W ? c f f w t f f f f r o f f f f ^ .at W R ? w w w f f t ? t w f w o m i ttw
fffwc??) l W W C t ? t T W f W W C ? , Wfff!p?mtCtRTOff%? Tt?if? ? T f t - m f f t t t f W f f f f (?) f t ? ? f R ? l f | c t t ( W ? f
f c t ^ f f f i w "^?f? f f ^ t f # f f f ? w^t? fc?? m i f f ? WT? ft, i t t l . , fWf i o ? R ; f W f wtw? E. F a g n a n
t R w t (a ?T?'ftt-W's?ft, ib-V?'^ f s f t , i{b-) f # Wtfft iS.?i >{.) I RgtCRC? f w ? W?'S fttfW f t Wlf8
f f r o f f w ? f C t t W f ? f t C f t I f T ? W f C f i f t f'fW^ ?ftWC?, <(t?it? t f f G t r W f f f f ( ? ) - m f ? t ? f t ^ i ^ i ^ f t t R o T ?
f f ? f t iHh'Q ib-o t f c t t t w fsf^JlW-f I t f w Wt-W?f, T f , wt ( i ) fftfT-^^ft?t? W f f f f (?) ^tc ? f ^ T f ? s f t ? t t f t
T?if?-?fft f f C t ? t e w W f T W i l t f c t f?C?ff ff??ff?Ct? (ff?C?f i'iXtd R ) ; (?) f f W ? t t f W f w f T T f W 'SW t f ? W f
W T f ? W fcai WfW ?1? w t I W w - W f f (f. v5br8 f t . ) f ? f ^ W?W, WWC f s f t ? c t t f t w t f w t w w a f??twt7 t w t t ?
^ t c w c?t t S t t f t ? ^ f f w f c ? ? , ( f t f ' a W ? ^ - f?1WW, 'J. ^ l f t t ? f t w f W ?t?lc? W T f f W t ? ? fbWC WtWfp
f . ) twcw f a f f w ?t?ic?, W f f f f .afw wew t ? f f f ?t?llC? (ft?t?f iv5(?1 R.; W f - W R t , f f W f t - t ^ , ^. b-1-iffo);
f w f w f f f f fC!!}? t c w f w w t w ? i t ft?ff?ct? I f C f f f ? () ffwtf?-?tft ' W W fwtfft-w^sw't, f t f ? wRt

f r t w ff'atwtc? f f f w ?5c?? I f ? ? f ?tct m ftte? f f t W?-Wftt? fwT? twff'fttf? fWtRf%f f f f f^
t f w T?ic?? f t f t f r ? W W f f t f f f fc?? I W f f f f (w) tt? ^ ffîff t j t w f t ? fs? f w 4t?ic? (fi?t?t, w . R w f f t ,
t f f f w t c w t w w Wtww fifft? ?5c?? w t ? t f w f r t w Rsf ffsWfft-t^, % Ov5-.Sv5.b) I Wt-ff?fW^ W W? ^ t f W
wf|w w? fc?? m i R?efc? f w w ffmffw? tet ftcwf i t ??t?? f f w ? % W ffsTt?? f f W t T t t f l f f ?t?lC? ffsf?
ft?? I i l t f^RIt t f ^ ^tw? t s t ? W ftffct tww C f t t tT? ttfwift-Wfti? f f f f i - ? t ^ f t R f tf? w w t I Wf

fwl^côt ft^c?tfi?icf 'f?t ?5W tftcw f t t ? w I w f s tw f f w , f f C f ? ffsift-Rwt-m ffsf t ^ f w ? f ^ w?wf f ?
ff5[ f ^ t w t G t t 5 W ? W ftt f a t Tt?!f?-W%t? tft R w t f t - t T f t f f w f f t - R W t (tWT. S c h a c h t , W t f i w f iS>o
? f f f 4 t = f ^ t t t t f f ? w C f t t t I ? w w ^ , t f fio w w f r ? i{.) f t t W f % f 1 ? W t ? t I f f t W f twTsfWtf?- 'SfftWWR?

tTcftf^^fffrtttwfcf I Wf f f t f ? i t W f W W fr? tfsrtf f f ^ W f f f t f ? ffwfftf ftrR^ (Cftt
?f ^3 ^ff?1^ tw? Gflf? CWf'5rfw?f^wwtc??fWff?WfTW ffswtf?-WR'ww ft?tRR-W'w't) t t w f wtc?? f t f R
msw? f f f ? f ? ft#f<|cw f f f f f ? f ? ^ f f ? t t .ftt?ft?f I W f f w i t - f f w W f t f C? fffS ? ^ -st!??lt? W T ?tc t T f f t T ?
f f t f ? R w f f t ftflct? f f w W t W , fw? t?. f f f f t w 'S ct, t f t f f f t ? ? f R f r ? t f ? ^si^wf W\ ( f . Wf-R?!?^, %
tcwtj t W t f t f?ffffff f t t f t f t ? .at 5 W W tff?tfW W?^S i 1 ? o o ) I f f s f t T ?W ^^tW W W , f f t t f t f f f t ? ? t f ?
f f % W f f f C ? (f. S c h a c h t , i n Isl., i!?.b % ?il) i f f t f ^ Cft? f t ^ f t ? wt IW t S f W W W f f f f f T ?
ttwct? t f T C t T?if?-?fft f t t t t t ? ? tw W f f f f Cf f ?t? f % ^ W f ? T f w ? ?JT?t *ff? f t cfftt fffc? I .atww
f f T O f f w (?stf W t - f t f w , w f w t - f W w ) - m fct R f i ? ?sc?? I W f f f C f ? f f f f f&^?1?1? f W f W R ? cwaf ctt t f t f ^
w W t t ' W T f t W - f Wfw" m s f t t w t w w t f f f f f i t WT C?sft?l t J T f f t ? f f t W f T t f t t ? t f t .&ftJ C f f t t f % f t ? ? f r ?
WW?lf? % f ? f f f f s f t f t f W ^ w 1 R f t f w Cf?t ttwct? f t w ? cft t t ^ f ^ f f t t ? f f ? f r ? tft f ^ Cfftt
f R w w f f?5i?w? fffmtw, ^ < t ? f w f f t f t t ' i t ??t?? fffwt??, c t t s R ' f f f w ? f t t f w I W f f f f (?)-m f f f f
w f i f w t t t j T t w t f t W f f f f ( ? ) - m t ? f t f 'f?t f f f t w ? w, twtt? t f t c f W t t g t t t f t r t ? t t f t f ? fT?-f^Hw?p?
??i ? f i ; ^ w f T t w f f m f R f?t?ftf? ?itfft?'s f T ? t w t w wm f t w ? wft?? t f ? f w w ? f f w ? f f f t w ? I f f ? t f T ? fCf
t f f W '^t? I Wffiw?. ( t ) - m t f ^ ^ f t r o c w t r ^tfff t i W f w f ? t i f t ?
t t w f RScff?
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Contents
oi{> wtf tmn (n)

fsmntn i R i t w , wtf ^ g ^ P (^)-m n w m w R|Bt w t f A t f m twf^ tsic4s n n f c w isfsptAf w n ( w t n - ^ i ^ - n t f t m , A n . ,
(n)-iira m f n wtf^m n f n - s t m f nttntcnn fn^m; m^ atfwfsFm i o i ; fwm^m-m'wtm, An., A i i ; mntf^fn-tntn w t f A t f s n
t i s n f ^ ^ i f % f tm ^^miiitsif ncn w t n f t f t n ^ ^ m , w t f (Mr; w t n - w f r n n , b-n., iJ>o) i w f n m t t i^fwrntn^ # s f s n c s s
F;5cw wtMt n n ^ t s w m >iRPt n;t f i n , nnt fwfn c m n c m n new fwf^ i i o / i o i nen wnjslAn w n (wtfn m f m n , isn.,
c ^ t m n w t f A i f s n (nym nc^f fmmfswr ^mnm wfis5w A8o; mtstfn-m'wtfnsF w t n - t n n t f n m ( w t s f ) , i n . , 8AA;
<3 S ^ w w s wfwms n R w j r n s>fnntcin i w t n w , w t f F ^ ^ S P s n t f w - ^ p j n , ton., eoto; fnntss w t m t n w t n - g s t m , v n . , eoto;
{nym fnns-A -mt^ ncsnmn n f n - a t m c t n n ^ w t w f n f n ^ fns^wt^'n- m'wtm. A n . , A i i ; ^ n t t s m f g n - w f r n n , ton., ob-v;
ffn^ ^tm m c ^ I cnsR, n ^ ^ - ^ ^ s ^ ( r e d u c t i o a d '^tn-î^-mftm, A t . , io<^) I '5TTfn-^-TF5ITT ^5rt# t n n ^ t m n
absurdum) w<t, c m n cntfnss f f w m a t m f ^ ?tcn Sm w t n - t n n m f C^. 8s.s. ft.) m ^ 3 V F - t ^ - F 5 T F - r sjeîiifîTnein, tmn
^cfns^'pm^wt%m5swsffnm2tntftw^mmn i wtf f ^ ( s ) i b A f t w f e w tI^Mn w n i sj'gjsncn wtsts nsn
w f a t n m c n f^f&t t w f n m w wwTtn>s n f n n f w ^ i ncntntn A t s i f i ntoJ>sns I t s n mtn'^ptA w t n - ' S m f s v i n i f n $ n - w t s m s
wif_ (n)->fin n w m c n n Scancmnr t w twf^ wtmn tr^>s w ^ n n t ^ AtsicA i m'sntfn-wt^tews c^ms^ atts
*iitiiô wc-t-^ n n n tfs<i^*t ssfsc***!, ntm n-Cc^ciî '^nntf 4tfitô w g s i t ftf^tntcAn I tw^ new w t m s w m m f s n ^ s.o f t w f , i i o
(zin^m I f t w f nn (fstfsw g. ^ - n g w - w r m f , <j. to-i; t n n t n m t n w t c n
' w r t n t n ^ Secnn n^rt^ntft mmîc? ât nfrnw^t <i5nn tnm n t A i R m , f f n s n , f t m 8, oo; T j i i f l f ^ - ^ - t m n w t f A T f s n , j.
m m c n ' ^ m mfssw I wtmn s t n c m s ^ w t f F ^ s p fnFtnnfw ncn (?b) I
wfnfiw 1lcm cntwm wfwÊWIS f%f%cw wtmc^ w f ^ n w t f n s m mn n t t i n t m s ntn m'Yn, w t f wtms S n n t n i fwR
ssfncw ^ I w t f f55F ( n ) e s t ^ s t m n ^fism w n wtmn w t wtscss m#m cmeat w^tstAf w n i wtms n t w f n n f m s w t n m s
t m # t ^ m f t A t c t n srtStn n w m c n n ^ tmn wtf^^tf^ flenn Rstn w t m s stte^ wtnmf ntn nm ^ (wtfn mn^mn,
( n ) - n w ^ n t f t c i n n w m n atfw^ m w i tf%^tcnn att^tcn fwf^ i8n., A8o; wtmssi^-^npFtw, ^j. i A i ; "sntfwfgn-wt'mn,
cntnm w n , "wtfn e s t nn s ^ ' o m atmn s # s t f | wîcsi c s t s f t ton., osb) 1 WtAts n t t n s t m n f n t s w t n m s wt'sn cmcsis m#m
fswtn m f c i s n f t w n ^ < j = f wtm s r i t w w n r s f n wtf^ atw/ims mmn n f t w tnfnw AtsicA i n t n t s - t m f m s s t % m f n tsn
^ f e f l " (msmr^n-ntmn) i t s s t f n t n n A i f n t f n m'n t f n mnm, fw^ new f s n n s t s n
sr^tdf 8 ( i ) wtn-fs>Ais, ^. Aoo; (A) w t n - n f f t s '5'wifs'm t s n $'A't*M t f n tts>isn (<tnisn) t f n n f j n t f n 'wtncn
w t n - m n m f , w t f n m n r n n , i s n . , ASA n . ; ( ) tsn mftsfin, ntnt^ t f n wtf Smm t s n ^ A m (mAm) tsn "wtsgftA t s n ^stm
m m t b-o8 ( w g . D e slane, St., AIA 1.; (8) w t n - n t f ^ t ( f n t s ) tsn m'ntm tfn '^['wtfs'm tfn ntnn t s ^ - T t ' s ^ (wt'ss)
f n n w r g n - w t m n , i n . , iVA ; (<?) tnn ^mfts, w t ^ - t s m m tsn m#m ( w t w - w i s t ^ i f n - ' f s m , m., ooo; w t f n mn'ntn,
stn-fFAlsi, i n . , ibro t . ; (to) w t s - n i A t f , W T F 1%sTgn-A'wiw, i8n., A8o; ^stfsmfgn-wt'ntn, tot., o i b - o i s . ) i
i n , itoi; ( 1 ) w t n - ^ ^ - ^ n - n t t t s T , A n . , i o i ; ( v )
tmn wtf f ^ (s)-ias atfmmtJtA m'n t f n msm (m) mmf
wt^-wtst(AS"=i-'5n^'wt, A n . , AAO; (S>) w t t n t s ^ n - f n i w , ^ n ,
f l e n n i S?n -^jm f m mtss' ^ vtif^sf t f n 'Sms (m)-fts
Aff8; ( i o ) 'wmrgn-'wims f ^ - S f n m n - ^ , i n . , ; ( i i )
m m s r j n - n t A i n , i n . , AS.V t . ; ( i A ) wtn-^>sntt5n-stftsjt, in .
n f t w wtAte^>s f c ^ cmmitests wm m^sjâtA (n)-fis fns^B c n t
w t A t s l f i n I f%f wtn twf^ w i nn^ f l e n n fnstn f c ^ n t t s t s
n t , 'J. AAff; ( i o ) f n w t ^ - m ' w t m . A t . , ioo t . ; (i8) wtAmtn
w t f n , ^ i n - - t n m n . A n . , is.v n.; ( i e ) -stAtmn n t f t ^ - ' m ^ m f , wgsifw mn n t t i n ^ we,tsntf f ^ i n ^ fwfn wttstAn w n i
^ n ^ - w t s t f , S W m , iS.8V %; (ito) K. Kufrali, in lA, mn^tatA (n) wtAte^ m f w i w t m s t f s b s wttncw m f t c n fwf^
8n., <FT9 n . ; ( i i ) J . S c h a c h t , T h e O r i g i n s of nfnenn, wtfn m'n t s n A t n m I nt^^l^ (n) wtAtes5 sncA mf%m
IVIahammadan j u r i s p r u d e n c e , wmcsnw iS>ffo ^z, wtms ntmn Atw f n t t m wtms wm ^'wt ^fscnH i t m n w t f f ^
( i v ) B r o c k e l m a n n , i t . , i s i t f s f ^ i t . , Avv; (iS.) ( s ) sftste^, wtf^ c n t ^Twts s s ^ wrms ncm w ^ S'tsc^fl
f t s f g'ntf, f n r f n - g ' n i n , f^, icws n . i (^-t'tt^s'i, ^j. ooo; w t f n mnmn, i s n . , A8O; ^ n ^ - w t ^ ,
J . Schacht (E.i.2)/iii. wts. cms w t ^ A m m s
ntcntwn f 5 ^ #nn 8 t m n w t f fjgs^ ( s ) - i a s t ^ t s m % 5 i t f n A i f n
w t f ^ j ^ f (n) ( I J - : " ! ) s Anm# rnnmcss t i ' f n t m n nfsg f l e n n i w t m s nfsntcss # s n n t m f n t f n ^ wfwmft
'fl^t'm^'îf'm (^)-'ii? 'SHrm (iio/noi- ib-A/is^v) i 5tw 1 m s s i e s s wtfsfss Cwms snset '=rsi w t f ^g;^
t n n t f ts'Scssts
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W f f f p , tro (?) Wf fff, t r o (?)

w?-c?twtTC? tfraifSi ?t?j w I fr? W W t?tw c?fw? ? i ? ) I twt t w t f ? ? < ? l t C W fwf? t w t W f Tlffl? fl^sftW?
(WWC? 'Mfft fett%WT I f?f CtW-tft? arf WIT? fit? ^5If?W ???e,t?ffwf?tfRricw ( R w t w t - w t f f , o t . , i?v) i
W f??i? w ? ? f f ? , iif?tf ffWif ff? ?fnsf cfttw ?itiw t W f W f w f w (?)-m ftijftw s t w t W f t i f w
twt? îwwc?? tcw?*tj w t t f fcf? srsfttcf tft?s ^tcw? I twt? (?)-m ctfcf w i f i f H t?tcf? ffftTtw ^ t a f w t fffft w f t c t ?
?CWI, w t f T i f ? f?W"T 9m ftlcwflWf I t f f WW? tfW ttfc? iiftt ?n#tT t w t t t f t ^ ?? 1 t w t W f T i f w (?)
wtff .w?55woi? ?n?c'=i WWCf ctwfw f?itcw W f f t?ct? t?ct? tr? f t f M t f t w t I f f f f fft? ^tftw? ffc?t?t m i
?ii- t i f l f g t f t - f w t f f w - f t f w f S w t f l f 9ms t i f t ?
.iiftn wtf tWf Wf Tifw (?)îi? f?wc? f i k w f l w f I R f ^ f W f ^ .at twttct? WW I twc ?w? fcf? til?
W W ? t f w WWCf fffltW C?^W? W W WffCt w t f WIT? f f t tif'ttf R f C f ftîcwcf ftwtit ^ w, ??i tifitg fftc??
5t%w d w f I twR WWCf f?ntcf?, cf&i! f t f cw W f T i f w ? t t ? ffstff WeWbtt '^ I W3I-ftros t W R W W M t ? WR1?t
t?f5 fitfcw wt?c? w I twt? iifw? *!ww ? T R , w? cww? cw fffc? I w c W M i ? ??? iit?if f ^ c?, m m t t f R n w c w w
#f?w?t CfH ?j?ti ?it I wtf tfw? W f f W f?tcf wnf?fi? f f t f t ^ t t f ? T ^ I t f t wa ff??tt? fftcw^tr? w f f ? t
twWf m i t w t W f T i f W ( ? ) - m f?WC? W-QW ? ^ f t ? W ftfC? mi fC^-fffC^ f S R W ? T i f c ^ t f t c t f fffc? I
ftWf 1 twt? WWCf WIT? ?tPic*i t f t t

w cwtiw WW? cfw ^ffwif tt? t w t W f f f f f w ? (?) ^ t w www wact?
t?cwT I ^ 1 ? ?4?iww t f f tf? f? wtf f??m WTT? fiWc?? tc?T tfwf ^ I W f T i f w f ? c ? WIW sf?c? 1 w^gct? tC?T
spsttWR tfft t t e t twt? WW? w,f1tl? w?^ fspsiw ff%w sttf? .a f t WCWbW-tftCWbtt? f ? f f ? t f t - t W t t ?
gsR^R I W t ?RWt, W f ^ W t ^ 5 t W T ffwt? W f f W I f fw? f w t fffc? m i .at w? w c w w i ? f f t f t f c ttft
fi^wtcfc? t f e t sttw cict twt? WW? Tcw m ws tt?Tt ^w I Cft? Cft? W t w w t w c f fc?if ft?, m ? R t i w f f f w t
wtw m t t f%?t ftw ?Rct?, ?Ta, t TTOIfffwc?? ?T? ?T^ f?% w c w ^ bttw-1 w^cfc? t w t W f T t f w (?) w t w w ?
?st?c siif I t r cit "5t?i ctct WWCf wft fffc? mifft-Q t f t ftCf? t t ? ff6l?-ffC?t?t, t ? C ? ^ t ' W f ^ f f W t ? T W ?
wtl? tWttCt R f fft fife? W .1 W R f ft? '5rfw?|tt^ "St?!? t ? ifif ?i?fitwtfffc? I iitic? c f i t f f t ? t w c f ftw^-5t?t?
twt? WWCf m f w fw?Tct? w ? m i t tftw f w t ftfct? i w t w t W f f f f (?) w t r f f t ? ^ ?sff?i ?if5tc? I w w t t ? f t -
t r ? f? ^cw fc?f ft? t?f? fwt? m fw ft?Tt f mtt f?iw ?ct?, t w t W f T i f t t ? f tn 'bfafw? W f f w ? tftw
<#TW WW? fiftcw'cf^ltc fiffCt? I ft?Tt f?lt?1 W'aW? ilfcat f f f " ? t l f t t ftf?1C?f I t w t W f f f f f?ctt fWCt?
WW? fcftwc?? f w f f ? wiTCf ?1w:w ?t w I fR ftw tc?T tfttff t s f f f i f ? i R (^tfw-wifif, 1. i i - i ? ) I
^Ct C?t WIT Wlt%o f # c . 5 ? I WfT? WTtTo tTWf^twra w t t W f f f f (?) W f a W R f fftWRW ' w f t c t ? t f f t f f f T'
t t ^ f wt? f5Wf^ ^ CtWt I ft? WW? Cfltl ftftiC?? fwR ?ct?, wtt w t w ? f?ifR?fct?
? i f r ? ? 9m WW fc?t I
? T ? W 1 < ? ? C ? ? wfff f ^ t ftfCtt (wif t WM'tlt, i 8 t . , ? 8 8 ; ?t^ Tlf?tf?ftt*IW I wft t f ? ttTtCf ? fffS Wftf?
?lf^tw|t
?lt%?Ift-WW?, M . , b r o ; "fI?1?lf?-?1T?, i t . , o o ; ft?T^ t f t T f t t ?#?lt?, w T f f ? f t W ftffiR W t f ttcw m i W R

WWtt W?-f?tW, b - t . , O'Ob) I T t f ? f ^ ^fiitwWIT? f ? t wst? -%g^wf 'w?iW? ? ^ ttc I fR t w t w f t f (?)-m f tTlw
f ^ 1 wtt ff? 'w?f?-?i?-w? t f ? w f wtw? Wt-Q f ^ ; ? i 3 f w w t t f f t f ? i c ? (f. ? i R.) f f f t ttc f w ^ i t w t
5?tc? I f w ? t?et ?ifc?? tft f f f " ^ - m ftW't w t t f J3?t (9m) fc?? I t f ? (Rtt? t^tct? t?f3 ttc ? i f f
ctttic? ff? f f t? f i t ? R w f r t f % t t ( t t w t w % f i e t ?<^ff??tcwfTct?RitnRifff ifTct?tc?ifn?w?tf?
tt?iRt, fttw, % i ) I 9mt^, w t - w t t R , ftR'w? t f ? R ' W t , "QW, t t i t w f t f ' s
^srffwif t t ? ft? t w t W f ? i f w ? wreef wfw?ift f w j H t f ? t'w?w (f. ? o 8 R.) ffcftwte? tcatctitT ( t t w t
tsffc? I f t ? fwf? ?ift w wtw mitic? f c?f ft? t w t W f Wf?W1Ct'tl?lttR,fffW, 0 - 0 8 ) I
T i f w ( ? ) - m wt|c?T f # i t c ? 1 ff? f t w t W T ? tl?bCf t r ? j f w t f ? ^ T W t t f ? w f W?W? R<|st t f f ? R w

^sitw?f[tw ftfct? I mftt^s i i t t f l t w c?,fwf?fw?Wtl?tWt f t f w c i f ( f f ? t w ? n ' w w t f t w ? ?iw?ic^ ? i w f f i c R
W f T i f f t ? t f t ^ i l f C 3 t Wif? t i t I fR W T ? W?5C? f?ct? ftftt wtff fit? f t f W C f ? I f f ? ? ? ? W ' W f (W) ' S
ffrocf?
mt?tc? tc? ?e,t? m i wc?t w f f f ftct? ff?fwt? tttsif tff ?T?r?'-m ffw? t f w ttcw-Q ^5tfw>^ w ? W R ?
?t? (^tf-wTflf, {. ? ; w t f t W f W t , i 8 ' t . , % (cWRTaîsR T?? t w ? ( W ) - m f5tWff1t ttc T T ^ t f ?
Wt-ffWW >a?1?-f?TW, i o t . , i b - i ; fttswi^R-WWIW, ?t.. ffCf? w t t w t ??%j tttff f t ^ fff?tf?ct?) I tttt W f
ttwf tffCfR
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wtf f5^, tnm(?) o:î wtf tmn (S)
fgss (n) tfn wif msrnn %s m m s ^ a j A t w i m ? R ^ ^tc it^ntm tat), ( i 8 ) fsswtfn wtmfn', mmf^fn ntAm tnn mRem
wtmn 'j^^nctn InsmmiOT wR^mn^ 'Stn w#Fn5fsm Rcww wnj s^m ssfsmem i ^Rtf^ f^^wtesn nnfl i tmcw f ^
1nbi<i<t>icnsi wtm n ^ w n ( ^ m ^ - w t ^ , 'j. ivs) i ^^ncm nwfscms mi atfwf^ fscms^j^f ntnwtnm atAnemm
^ 8 tmn wtf f ^ (n) % n n R ^ ' A mtm wfwsiw s<fm 4t5stcAF (wtn-fÂfs fn-tsfnn-ntfn, j. AVto;
^[SfwiRn ^ ' ^ n c t n ^nfmntn w^mm iii-t*cvi fnitn inn wmâ 5. ^t*rfw-^fn, ton., ffoto; wtn-wfntn, vn., 'j. s.o;
^fsfm% Rn-mnmn I Rss-A m m "ififR's wftn sftm?t fwR A'mjs-^t^ ft fmfwn-tntn wtf wtn-nsttft, o o ;
wtmn mm*itnn cnmtR's f%5r5i? m ^ mRimc^ i fwfn tmn fsswm wtn-ntstsf-ias 'ffn^ (Sf), j. 8 f f ; Atntcw t n t n wtf
wtf Aifntn msitnm i^ mmfmnt nAmtn f n nrsnm A i f ^ , ^wg., offo; mmt, in., % s.8to-i) i
twfwmn ^fsm ftn cmmm <3 silwmn f4 f s w nsttm '^sn^'f wtnAT t f n -gAimn t n n w f r o nenn, tntn wtf fs*? (s)-t
m f n -swwtftwn nntmn Sfw AtstdwH i law^mt^vs f ^ atnn njf^ fsfn f ^ " A t t m n ^ cntRi^ mmn Sns Atmft
Rcww tntn wfwcnn iiisAlw? nftw n^fs? mcnn (^'n^'- ntnmn w^stf at^ swt'^fsntcwn, ntnwtntnfA fnfîn^'^fsmc^n
ôrmf, A O ) I wtf Aifst (n) nmn, nnrnfn 'wtfnnnw? nem iist tmn wtf A't%m tnne^ mm fnct A>îtsi frntcAn
wtf f^gsp nm2(^ i 'wtf t f ^ wfn nmn, wtfn wtmn >tii'* wm ('sstfsmt^-wfrnn, ton., 'j. O V A ; wm<3g. wtfn mfmn, isn.,
4iAiw (?ff5f mt (?mt[w-wrmf, i. A O ) I A8to; fnspwt^'n-m'wtm, An., % A i o ; fn^-wtsstf ft
tmn wtf f;5^ (n) flmn t>sifÂtcis croi sfRra fmfwn-tntn wtf f^sp wtn-^1^, % oo; rnmstfn-mmn, in.,
n r f ^ I WtAm nntm %r n n s R f f ^ <ant fwR flmn f m a i J. o o i ) I
TFT^ 1 at^, Tjsnf^ cmmwm fwR flmn 'f^^^tfn i A'T^ m%Ft ssttfw-^fn atc^ Sean ssfsstcAn, tmn wtf.
fwj^t nnsjsin tmn wtf ATf^ (n)-iin mnAtcss S ^ f^sfA-'^ (s) wtntfn-'^Tf f^Hcmmen >assmn f^wm ntm ^fsme^ i
fsswm nmt w n lant mtm#f tiSAiMs mnwtmn^ fnffsn> Rfn wm-s fnfStmesn, t n t n wtf fjgcsm f ^ wtnt^ 5 t ^ sRmeA
wiM 2fmn w n i âmes fwf^ wtf A i f ^ (n)-ifra t n n nfis cstsfn ^Ptf Rts ts^-^sstfn fnast?rtw ssfsnte^ i wtAt ifaitf^
^^5itm fmtTAn mfmn, isn., A8<t-to; "smfwrgn- wmtesfn'^ liistRn twtfssswsjtRm i tm tmn wtf
wtrntn, ton., O V A ; mrnm^-mmn, in., ^. o o i ; ^ - n ^ - wfwnews nnft (^"n^-wrmf, o 8 ; wm^s a. fsswm
wrmf, % vto) I wtn-ntstw, Si(w^.,z^. 8ff-8to; ASSW tmn wtf A i f m ,
"wtsâtA ts^-'^ntnf^ (n) nmn, fsmnnfw ftnten fwR m^Jinm O f f 8 ) I
nftw mAcn wtemRw w n ^ mss^-mfwn nnntra nnm ts[n-ntfn wtAis ate?, tmn wrf fjgesm w ^ Rwrcss rnn
wmm sjenn nsfnosn, csmen atmn nffm mes AffSm atent Sean sscsn mt I âtf^mnn^tntn wtf Ai%msf6tnim
ssfmw ^5t^ I n#m wtmtm wtfnm wtmrn atnesi mntn ssfew^t wfwms "ant wtms Sns wtestf^ wfwcmnn^ tsn ssm i^nteA i
(Rs'wrn-wtmn, An., % A S O ; n t n ^ wt<3ntftinn-^nit, ^. cntefn Atn 8 ( i ) R>vstfn-wtms, (A) tnfwntss wtf A i f ^ "sm
ff Ato) I t^Ftm WtAtn atfw mm m*km ^ n fe^tm w t i^m t f n wtf nmm, ( o ) ^mn-nt^-'wtm Rntfsn wtm'^ ( 8 )
fwf^ nmn, astern (?t mntiwt wtfn WtAtess nnn'^fetfASmest f^wtfn-mmw (Aistew tmn wtf ATtfsn, off 8; wm-s 5. tntn
WtAtess nR<j4 mtmfA I Snsf fwf^ iflwt nwitsif^fseais wtwn wtf Atfnsf, -v^^ ^c^g^ I siJsS^ mnf^ fsswtst f fnmmn
cntss (fns'wi^-wtntn. At. j. A O A ) I sftsicA (Rswm wtn-ntmw, Sifwg., j. 8to) i
nsntnf 8 tmn wtf f^gns (n) nA^t^n^ ^^^nte^ I attmm (m) fsswtfn-wtms (jiiivi ._,u^) 8 tm tmn wtf ATfst
f^wtnn^ tms s-Rt mm nm i ^sens fnnn, wrms tn w (s) ssw^ nf^fi ATfe^ ntssnn i tmn wtf fjg^ (s)-'iis ^ wtf
mnj^ Rs^tst f^fssm wtcA i ts^jn-mfn wtAm'Stsi.n^cAs <iissf^ ^ m*fn (^. isi ft.) ftn f ^ Atew A l f ^ r ^
stmF *fssiCA't 8 n'Rtnfsme^ if^lATfA'îtntnwtf ^gss'sn^FtssRstcm i
( i ) fsswtfn-mntw, ( A ) fsswtff-ntsstw, () R.votfn-fn"mn, lilt f^wtcns wm mn ^pimn wtf f ^ i tmc^ ^ptmn wtf
( 8 ) fsswtfn--sFtsltn-, (ff) Rwifn-ff', (to) f%wtfn-A^,. ( i ) A"tfn^" nnt AS I lilt Rmen îinn f ^ ^ Atf^ sftmeA ntm
f^wtfn-tsstnt, ( V ) f%wtfn-ntmm, (>>) f^ôifn-mnn Atfcfs wm cssR ntssncn mm rnn m i ioffff ftstf -nmnf^n
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tnnif fnjiemn
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W|ffP,ttT5j(?) W f fgf, trot (?)

W # ( R ) ^ W i?VS(1t T i f ? m%. RITRIW f%?T5I i?tt WTC t f R t ^ f???tf? tfêtffs tit I t r ? w?ie? t t t t W f
^ i f ? ? R 5 ?tylt? I S f f M f ^l>IM<t W t W T - f f ? ? m f f l t l W f f f t f f ? t ^ ffT? . ? ^ ?se?t I .at tfte? tf?c?ttf'=f
t r ? T t w ? R t i TftRf^ 'afR f R ffenRwR I R f t r ? R??ttfc?? ftwtt? WW ff? ?3 t f w t t t Cftf f1?we?? i i f I
fwfit It's?! ?i? wt m?. Cft? c?n? WtfW? ctw ffert fttt t f w w e t ? w f e ? f f e t t tf? t t t t W f T t f f t ? f 3 W
R ? ^ I ,ctc?? fc??stt '{tf mi RWf?-^f^' (^fro '5f'W?) t ^ ff??te??, W8f? t w t w s w t ? W f R TT? t w t
If^ft-wtwt-m ^ftwif, R w f t - ^ ' f t Rwff-wttw f t t w ?t?we?? 1 t r ? f? f R - f W t t ? f t e ? t w t w s w t ?
ctfcet w s w ? t ? ? f t I W f R t i f t'Qt f t ? w f t ? t^stet? t w t f ^ ? w <
.itt tfW? ^?3?? ft?Ct f f t w ? ? ? C ? , twt W f T i f f t (?) f W t ft?we?f I c w w tf? f w t ft?we?? c?, t w t w w t
c?>B t? ^ i f c ? ? t%t%c twt%Tt ?5t??tC??, ^ i f c ? ? t f ? t?w? t w t W f T t f f t ? f!?W fs? f f?c 9M t f t (ttic? c?, T t f ?
ft??f? WW WfT? Wtc? R R W 5 t?t mi f w ? ^Hc f ? t l t . t ^ ft?we?? t w ? t t ^ t < tR ^ ? t ? t f R : we?? w t
?Tf? mi Cft? wwf? f f w s w ? R f R r f e f w f t?t (Rw? f??T? tt? f t f R - f t f t flwne?? ( t t w t w t t w i e t w ? i t t w ,
wt-wt?tw, t f if<i|ii-m fitw, 8.SS-81) I 'J. B% fjsts W?-?IR 'WWtt?lt?t-W'S?tt, % i 8 , id; W ' s g .
w?i W f f T ^ ttRwc??, Rttt ft?c<=f ilt ffW? wopg w w t (ttf), i t . , % hSH) I cww's tR f5-?we?? WW rot
fW?t? t f t t ? f ? f f f I ( i ) t f W W t f t w t tttt W f ? l f f f f R f t f ? ? w ? crog t w t w w t ? 3ptt t t e t f ?5t?we??
(?)-m tttw wet .a?i WIT? f i w w w ? " f i t tt%w" (ft^, f31 W ? - W f 'WW f t W t ? t - W W t , % 'bh) I W W ?
(tw??) f t ? w ? WW t w R c?t t f t ? i f e ? ? www f r t cwtfa R f ? f W t ff??te?? c?, t t t t w s w t ? tf?e?f?f4 ^
ff??tt|ct? W T t?'=t? f?1 ?1? I fjFctr? t c w w i t R ' 2 ? f f w ?tt?te? (ft^, w - ? t ^ "WW
(?) t r ^tcw R?Wo w? c?, t w t W f ? i f f t (?) tt?lt?t- W'SWt, ^. <\% i ? 8 ) I
WT?ic? t f ? i t (w)-m f i w ' s w t f ? tfwc? f ? ^ ft?cw? mi i l t tfte?? f f R t?tf I c w w cww's t T ? <iiMf
f f t t t T t f ? C f w?f'-m W5tC?tt f ? t ?jR tfWC? fiftttCttW ?stl? ^ f t t?t?te? (ft^ fat w - ? i ^ 'WW tt?it?t-WQWt, ^.
tc? fR:? I t T ^ c wi's W f ?w w? c?, wtr? t t f t ir, 8 i ) I .at ffW? RW?? ft?et t w t W f ?lf?t?'
C?sif ??c?? t?.3?i?i t??c?tfr t?C?t5 ?t I f R f t f t 'G tf*(l f f , w t f t t w ^ t w ' s f?tf*Rt m i
() .at Rwc? fsft? w t i t t t f w t f t ftf'^fct? mi f f ? w t <3 T t f e ? ? t f t Cff f?t? Croat !T? f w ^ ^ ff^s
w?rattc? t?tcf? <p|<p1?tci? ftwa?itf? ttlpRtf ttiiic? W T f R t w ? f W t w w ft? I t T msfr f t t f w ? I t r p t e ? t T ?
tttt W f T i f f t (?) f ? R ftwttc?? I .at t f W ? c t t WWCt? m t t w g R R ^ t ?t*ilc? i w w t t f W t - t ? W W t - W W t l f
wtc? t?tft ftff?w:t? fiw'swtfi::?? m îfw f ^ w wet? W - f ' W t t t t ? fi??tc? ttsffe tft?ft f R o W f t c ?
cff fiwrtc?, W T iftct twcf ?Ttfftc? 55f st mi ttrcf fftf f ? t ? ? I i o f f ^ttt?t^ i l t tfwe?? t r o t i f t w t w R t ?
wtww ftf'we? t??te?? fR W?3^ ft??tt?ctt .a?i w r ? (?) tftft-tR-.a twfjtt? ?tt?te? ( t t w t w R s f i e t w ? i t t w ,
wettcf tT?t ti|w ttwitf? twit? ft?e? i C ? C T $ tft?tt ^. 81-8V) I
twt W f T t f f t (?)-t? wtitw ft#t?fef? twte? tttt tit, (t?) t f W ? t t f w R w f ? i f f t 'sw t f ? w f w t w
cte?$ t r ^?i?e? ctt fttlwRf W ? T wttew? wtc? f1t ^\ 5 ^ 1 ^ i L i ^ l ,_.Ul) 8 t t I t W f
T5t wwe tf? .att? tf?5-tt f??t? t ? ^ (tf%^) ft?we?? i f f f (?) t w t W f T t f f t ( ? ) - m wtB? f ? t ft??i? fe? f f f
t f ? f w?^ wtw ?t?, ft? ^siftrflet? tew t w t W w t W f t ? ?e,t? rof t f ? w f W t w ? f t f t 9m f ? t f R w f l c t t i
? l f f t ? tf?if tftw tit mi W?t?<=f fwwttttef? tew IT? W8f? w f ? ? fR t w t w'wct? ttf^w f i c t ? I f?ftfc ff?
wtt? f R W (?1We tttt W f T t f f t , o f f V ; tttt w'wt WtTt? f ^ t^Tcw? tf?e?t?f< w t w w t f ? t i f t ? ro?? i ff?
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c t t ? tt?lfW, t R , t3FtWR, t f t ( W a r b o o t y ) , fapctW, ft?le??i wtwwtf?f?teW5WfR: f ^ f f ? W f ? i f w
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fR t???f t??t?tf? tre tt^cttfs I tttt w s f t t (?) twt ( t t w t W ftWiet W ? l R t , 8 V ; Wl'S 5. T ? r o t t t t W f
W f T l f f l ? t f W ? Wt-t5raT?-m 'i>)foV|No*i5j^^ 'sfgsf ' W w i f l s t t
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wtf ijsp, tnm (s)
mmt H in., % s . 8 i ) i *nt Rmn tmn Tsxrm (n) tmn mif f^tnmncw stPiHis f w atwTtnwiT % lat fsswtm t m n w t f
f ^ ttc R^nrntw ssfsnTCAn i lat snsrct mmt mmt "^^tm f g ^ (s) n % F t A j s i ^ - m f n c s s s f S m s T T n f ' w T s s i % ssTsms
lAMn" (^tmn mm) tmsft Tjt A5t 1 ^ I s s n m ^ p w i^fwAj ^ c w m T t m wtfnm n n c w t m m f^rtsncw
tnm mmnf wtn-mnfw Rmm RRimcm, tmn -^rm mf*fms i^fwcATs w ^ n s c m fncss s j t m m t c w cdft w n i w n m
tmn mif fj^cw ât Rmm ^ m mrnmm R:sra n^ ^tc^ R R ctf^T fsswtcss c m m f n f f c m i^fw^ w j t n ^^fscw s c m
nsmtwn -^Rnc^, nfn '^ni n^Rm ^ m n tnm wtf f ^ (s) i m t I f%f n f Snrnrt c m ^jcss ^ m , f^wrcm c m m fwR
tmn Âimn (n) tm nt^tA ntssnmn mR? m m n^RrtcAn A t s r p - m f c m *ts^*scîs cmnssnstm *j>smnics> f n ssfsm
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m m t % SnRS>* w nfl<p nRsit simRs ncA (mnw tmn wtf (m)-ias m n m n c n s n # n c n t ssfsntcA^^ i atcsiwm fwR c m m
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g'ntlnnm w ^ m m t<MMw -sjR ^mcA i ^ 'at s m t W f f w R 'Smn t n n ' w t n ^ n - ' w t f f c m w t w f t
Rmmn Rnntt tntn m R t (n)-'an Rmn W H - S ^ (in., sifî4itnA A S S W " w t f (m)-'as w s n n 'stc A t s t ^ a - s t f c m
b-s-iffo)-ia Rtjmn mtntTA ânt R m t t tmn mmnf wtmn t t n m n n m ^ atm i o A nisncss t r m s s t c m n ^ ^ m n f m s f
wtn-ntmfo (\DO n., i^b- - i ^ i ) atc?^^^ ^^Rrtem (tnmn 'awitm f^mrcm i mm atmn w t t n n f t n mfs^ m m ^ f s m t
^RsrtmntAlRn, sb) i nf'f n n m f w t m w m f n n%?Fr s s ^ w t c m f ^ m f s ^ m m
(mn)Rm<inmmw ( j r i ^ L I S ) smif fjgjp ( n ) n ^ ssfsew f?tm lat ^mw <>fssicAH i n^m t A t ' s s ^ nt ssfsntcA i
msi^-ni%m nmn m ^ R m f 'sms^ mRtcw mtntRm i nS nrnmrnn m s n t s lat f^mcsn $Kwt R R n % p m
R R % m âsnmrn ^ (mmcsm Mnss, wmtnRsrnnm^>ant m n m n ^ n n m c s s m msm c n f ^ R m c A n w i m ^ s w r f ^ -
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ssRiw Rm Smn mtcAn, nfnst mnt^-nrfn <am'w-nfmo S n s m fnsf^ "sss^^'j'f'mnwm m ssfsmc^ i lat sstcws A m n
wRm mscnn mtcw m^ <fiRc^'t âni cipts Scgsssstcn nntRss n n t f s ^ mi m R n s b i t c w w m s A i R R 'snfnn S m A ^ c m f ?
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R4>iajAC4 wtm ^ ?JtR^ stwtm stmRw ssRcw mmsn i s ^ ssfsntem, m??Km c m f ^ wTtmess m n ssfmrcA^ mi
'mrmm ^ m âss n m wren n m R R Rcwt m ^ W âssf^ w t m c m m m wTmtcss c^Rsrc^n, w t m c m > t n m ^
wftn sf? nmt '^Rcw wtmm w ^ s w n ntmn wtmtm nfsmnnm mfm? w T m m S i s m 4fsmen i wtwfAn n m # s
mnnmn tR^mm nsm nm i t m t fin "Rwtfn-mmw" nbnm w m fssfs S i s m attmem fwf% ^tRt^ ? n ^ I f c s f f m '^tf
csm^ I tmn WTf f ^ (n) fwtfn-mmcwn Scan A S m 1 wifrtA S m m n ^ S e , i t f ^ ssfsm f m t m f m t n s s T c s
^pfsmcm, wTfRn-^'fnfmn tm, wtR wtmn wm <am >ass^ wtms nAcmf^tm m n ^ i f s S i s f n e ^ i sscsn i -^frnm m m n
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mrmm mms mmm cmt mtcNs mm I s ^ w w t m a f ^ m n m f t m n fncw A t m i ntsn nen-
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fsnssf Inssif s atRcttsatAn 'Îscsn (f^^tfn-ntmw, ' j . o , 8, * ) i
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Wfff?, t r o (i) W f f f F , t t m (?)
t r o 1? ffsTCw f?R^ wmro fwf? t f t n roif?- wfTtt?tf t w f ff?T? m i t ^ f t t w WWCT? t?ciiPtw ff?T?
?T%tw .at ^sifffw ffft? fI5?ic?H c?, fwf? ctcf?. f t f t f ??, ??v (Wt-tf?lW, % i ? ) 1
w t t t t f t w ? t%ft, f R I t R tta I fwf? trttfrot f t f 5 ^ W f f R W f 8 w t f t w t (?#? tWt)-Cf f f ? f t t f f ? '
t f t W T Ctffw fftc??, W ? W5JT5lff f T t f î^Ct f t f ff?ifw? ?lf^tw tWf%? ff??C ? ^ W t f t t ? w w t w t f t w ^sfRRs
t i f t ^c?? ( f f w t f t - f T ? m , 'J. ff, b-) I m wiffi? fwf?. ?#?fc?? I R R ^ t f t t ^ f f ? t f f f c f wt? t r o (?T)-m t f ^
t f f T c f ???w t t r ? (?t)-m t f ^ ?it?tr??, 'ft%w cfi? W f f ? f t w ftwc?? I t f f t t r o (?T) fftftt??, t f f t ? WW
f w f t W f ?jfe?t i l t f?f!? t f t c?, w w ^ t m t t f ? CTOt ? ^ t t w t r o f t f t t ? ' j ^ t t t c f ? WW w f t t ? w f c t ? ^5rf?if i
ct t R f f s r o ?? W W 5 ^ FS-?wt?? fttfww w w f t t f t t ?
w t r o W f f s j fl?c '^tc? ( f f w t f t f t ? ^ , 'J. i i i ) I
W f t ^^tw w t r o ffit''t?5 f ^ f ^ ? T ? , ??i WW?? 'G?TT^
W t f C f ? f t f t f t f t f ? W f l f f ^ f t ^ 8 t t t t W f f f f (?)
w t r o t w t cttt^W f?1 tfgw I w? ? R ct W 5 f f ?? WfT ? t c t
at rof C f f ff??ir?? c?, cf?t gtt? tttctt ??, ???, f i t ? f e f t w f f w y>if?if c t r o f t f t t t ? ct c?5?t w w ^ f ? t tsRt?,
titct'G f f f t c f w r o f t f t ff?cw ^tc? I t r o fc^ ff? f ? % ? f 5 f f ? t f ? f t f t f t t f f ? t ? ? ? f t w t t ? f t ? (wt-TF?ssf, 'J.
w i ? r o T i f ? t i r o i c ? ff?ict? t f ^ t f w ff??ic??, cttsR
t t c w ftifiw f i t f ? t * ^ t f t t ? w f t w t t ? wTTtt? f ^ H f t f f f ? ???w t r o ( W ) - m i l t F T F S F T W T F G t f f t ? w t t ?
ttttttstt fTO ^stRft? f t t t l f f T ? ?(t?lc? IW? .at tttWtbtt? t f t r ^ f C f f f f w f t ? ? c?, Cft? ?tf%5 ftew? t w t ^ c ?t?
T f f t w t ? tttnt t f f t ? w?f:=t? f f T t t ftftw (wt-ff?tw, 'J. f f ? r o F F T F T T ? ?5f t f f w t w f f ? w F T T F , w ? f t - w t
i ? ) I wft ? s t t ^ W t t f m i t R ? s f t r o ffwt?f? ?5?t f t t t t t C t ? ^tt F F ? f R t t f F F T F T T ? t f f t w t w ? (w) w t r o 5tttw
f t f t f .g f ^ I t r o ro ^tro f f ? f w ?tcc?, w t t f t f t w f f w t w fRt? I
tfsfff mum fivife ^tw (Wt-ft?tsf, ^. i o - i i ) I twj f f t f ? ?ttf? f f w 8 f ? w t ? f t f ? ?jtfft? fR c?tt? f t f R ?
f ? r o tw M f t t f ? f f f t fSw I w t T t t ? - ? f f 5 t f wfft^ t c g t ffwft?? WW Cftt ft?twt?? f f w ? W f t t ?
^ r o ^ftcw tfi?iw^fwf? w? f f i t ftt I f f ' w t ? f 1 t t w t f ? t ?S? ?T? f ? f ?tt? I W t f t t ? t ^ # 3 F t t WfWCt? t f ? C?tW
f t f caf? f? wtftf? cft f ^ 'sif^ <tn?, wtftf? Wfltc? I flTO'S t f ? W T ? -^twt? ^jfffJF c?TW WflCtt t f t t ?
t W f T ? ctt w t f t w wiTtt? t f ? t r s ?t^1t? i t tjffft? WfTtt? w I f r o r o t t ? f t f t ?tc t f t f f w t f r o f t t t ? t t ? j WfT ?T?
f t f t ?ttw fttf? c ? r o f i i ^ t f t f f t r o f t f t ? f t t t t t t t ? f f ? T i5tt? (Wt-ti?fw, ' J . i 8 ) I ?tw? R f ? t m i WW f w f t t
?ft?tt?(Wt-t1?tW, % i i i ) I i l t f t t f R t f t w f t ? f i t ftt ^tt? c?, t f f t ? c w w t t t t ? ? ^
f f f l f f t f ? ^ W ? j 8 t f f t ? C?t t f t t f f ? f f^ gRw w c?? I f ? WWt?? tjtftt? c w wtji? f t t w t w w ?5W
ff? Rt*t?wft? t t ^ ff??tt?f Wftf i l t c*r, W f t p f ?iwtt twf? T? (Wt-tf?fW, J. i 8 , ib, O I , ioh, i i 8 ) I
?ttt, tiXfIC? Îft^lH fl??t f t f f t t ? f t f t f ? f i ? f t t t f?1, W t t t f t t f f t ? W W f f W f ? ? l f w t?f1? c w W T Cft?
t1t]1?f?t?t f 1 t f t t ? ? r t f r o t ffspi^lRw f?t (Wt-t1?TiS!, ^ ? f ? W W ? w f c ? I f f t ? w f t f m i w w w w f M f w
'J. ff) I WtJtf-WsTtTO f f f R f ? f ? t m i R f t W t ff??t WTttw .at ??t?? Cft? f ? W W ? f R t w w fit?, c t t f t t f
W t f t t ? W 5 t ? - f f R t f f ? f?1, W f f t p f ? r o ^Slfttf TSRf t t f t?f1?tf f f t t w Wf^ttw ^ t t ? I c?tt? f f f t t w t f ? t f R t ?
W f t w T f r o ftttf f t t ? f ? t m i wtrot?tf ftftro ^^tw wtwttf? f t f t 5tcw c w fwfW W f f ? w f ? f ?? ( w t - t i ? f w ,
f??w ?ttt, w f t - f ? t f t t ? t f ? ttwtc? ^sf^Ni t ? r o f t # f i o , i o ? , i ? ? , i O i ) I
fft, t r o wttw t t r o t f ? ffft? c t t ?jtfft? Cftt f f f ? .at f t t s f t t f t W f f f f (?) f W f t t ? ?tRtft?? ?rtfrottf
fC?1?1 ft f f t (Wt-tt?tW, ^. i o ) I wtttt? f t f t ^sttw ??? .Q t f ? f t w t ? c f f f t w I t w ? ? f ? ? i f f f ? w? ' w f ( w ) - m
fSfWWtt? ? t W 7 W f t ? f f t il?l t?? tttw W I T ?I? f ? t ii?SF& t t w ? t t g t f t w c?, tw^?tt? c?w?fw f w t f t t t f f t
(Wt-tt?fW, ^. i o V ) I wttwitJ ?fw;w? 8 w t T t t ? f t f t -ittw f W f R ?T?wt? w t f ?
F T F T T TTTFFFTT? F F W 8 ^ f S f t C f t?ffC?? ?Ttfft? f R t ffgtfaf w t ? W f f ? t ? W i f f f wt?ttt?tf mte
f t t W t C t ? c?tt? f f w ? f t t f f ? t e s t ff?wtw WW W i f W ?Rtt?, W f W ! f t W t f Q W ? f f t f f w t ^ t W C?tt5 f f
WfTW t?fic?? W f t w <p[5c<j, f?tgt? ff?t? w, t?fft?? Riptqi f?ft?t ?tffw ?fwf w r o f R t ? w I W T t t ? t f ? m ? ?ST^f?w
w r o t fRt? w, wtTtt?tf ttttw fRt? w, wfTtt? ftJfffW? WC?tf f R t ? W, WTtt t t f t t W WW f f ? C f ? f R t f?tw
t f f rot ff?t?, wrwttftf fwtf?w ff?t? w, w f l f w f t ? wt?t?f Rtsftt? w f W - W f f , twsttfiit R i w f?tR f^ ffas? f R t
WtWtt? f W t t f t t w fR?t< C 5 f ff?t?, t ^ ftw t w t f WtTWT I
t t w f f?*w?
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w t f fgsF, t n m (?) OA* wtf fjg^F, t n m (n)
w "Sm? (nT)-'iin R?w? ssnt's R R Smn ^RstcA'i ?cm, ffn atmcm 3f'ftssfSf wtt=#^ I wtm "at c?, wmmf
Rfn sc-ms nmmft ^lifWtntm csnrt '^fsnr ât nnntc? fnf%w R?m ntfn^mmfnttn ffst wnm mmf?n nRsj^ ^ mnt?ttm
Atcwn c?, -^s^ci? Sn? w wtmitn wtmrnn m^ tmn snnn Sfsftm wnm nfrm? nntwcnnt? w m tiwt? ftmc? fRnttw
n ^ mt I cm w^mn S^gnfw wm wtfnmn nn wn- %nn ncm m m mttw mt? 1 c?t mf^c^ lat ??cm m
atfwRsnnm mf%m m ^ at^n 4f?cn c?, cm ^^nnmn R?m ftnttn wfn cn^sm ^tt? m nfn f m nn? ntnw mm wntmf
fi-ff ^ n t w ^ m wwrmn ?sf?m latnn S ^ w t A ? mt c?5fnm mtn, wtm ^tm wtm'3,tAf? R?^^ ^^tw c w w ntt
(wm-ntmw, % ia, ito, 01, iis) 1 ^c? (wtn-ntmw, (?j-toto) 1
w^[nf^ ntnRnsn:tn w R w s t n m f nrt^ wînfnn wwjtmn-wntmt?? ^,tfBn % tmn wtf f;g?' (?) n%m
mnR^cn? mtmra tmn wtf fjg^F (n) A W S 'Smn (m)-'an S ^ At?i^-m%^ Scfitcm lit f%tc? fnctn, wwitbtff ^3 c'tmnw^
fmt fwnf^ T f i f R mrntn Smn ?#?nrm i'^) mmwn nft cntwf?t?5 ^ttw fncmfw smt, wtmcmt^ nAfm atmn^
(mt wfl^tnt smt A S ^ wtm fnn nsfsps ^tcn 1 (gt) mi:^ ^ wt3fn?5 ?rwt fncmn.wt wtmt? w m Atmn 1 'anwtn^
aif%n^ mf?^ wtmmn nn, nni gwmwn 1 (fwn) wimw? Stn WtAtm c?tm wwjtm? mmttn wtm? t R t R wtmttst nA^
mtmn mtt^ c^ R f m wtnssc?? cmn mmtm mttn m 1 ?sf?t ^ t ? (wtn-ntmw, i i i ) 1
wwgm ff% fnf^tmtm, Rnftn, w^, f^, snntisms, Simint?? R R m?m? ntm, ns wtwfAiln= liini wrmnwrnn njf^cnnt^
wmff, mfff*ttn? Snn fwfm wttmn w t mtt? m 1 fn'%tT? wtnR ?St? 'mtw fnt?tfww w ^ 1 n??5tft mtw? w m ntAtfint??
wm imtn? Si? cmn ?!<>! m^ w t mttn m 1 fn'^tcn? mmt m cmtTwt? mtn mtn wtAttm sfntiu? ?itmt?'8
f n ^ ^cw R f m S ^ ^f?t f ^ wtmoi?t^ tftft?5 fnfwjt w f^f% ^ I tm? '^?^3 wtm? fîmn f^?cmm cmtnm f ^ n
mtt? nj I Sm 2tmn ?sf?t wlf<M? ?5f?m wtm? mR ftntt? ?5?5=t ntmc WtAtm fnf -^m wwitm?-wmm? 3ip ssfnm n%m
^^scsft? wfB^ ?sm mtcw mt? 1 wtAttmRs^S'^c tm?wfwf?'^ nmnnt? wtm wnft '^tw mt?n îi??, wRf'^ ^fnc n w m
f^wtm??smm?m 1 wsn, w ^ ' s w ^ f s ' ^ m m n n - m n n (wtn-ntmw, % ioto, i o i , i i i , ivsA, i v v ) 1
m?5tft wrat? ^tct ?mt ?5w?j I fR n%Ftt?s wt? ?cm, n#mt^ n?in(? wnnti? wRtmn
i^Rmfn^ nsm S ^ '4f?m fwf^ n%in m?i^-?Tfnc4 ât Rt ^tt? I fR afR mm 'a?s?t? ntnmtsct? wttntwn '^f?m
?pm 'sran wttm fn?tcA=^ c?, fn^??? nft Sm? wcgtfsw wt5?t stiwfS fmtfw m ^ wtAttw Snf|w Atm fnw Rw wf%cmn cnt
?sm'5rat?it^ wmt?snTttw 1 iît ??cm ?jnmt?? ? ^ m?^ ^fkw mf?c? I wt? n ? 4 t f îf^înn wtfnc mfncm, wtmcm
'Sm? (m)-'a? mnmnm-fnRnt? f^tnm ?*)tf c?tn?scn? ^jmffm? ?5^?nt? m? nntnR n%m. ?ntA cffmn 1 wtm ^ m
^nnntntn? stR ^wss ^ wtmtn? ' ^ ' w r f ntn wwjtmg-wntmc?? ntm,m^ ^ (wtn-ntmw, % i i i , A i A ) 1
(wtn-ntmw, 1 . is, 01, iâ," iAA, iAto, iAJ) 1 fnro fnwtn s fmt? f?wtn m*tc?5 fwR ?tm, tnnt5Ff4
ff^t ncmn^ ? ^ ntmn stntsf tntn wtf fj^s^ (?) cnt nn^mw^ ^^Rmnt Atc^cA fnrn? f?wicn? M^fsj 1 mfcmni
??tm wfnmtc^ mmn stRn^ 4f??icAH, mmtw jsmm 1^ ?il>*c mR m ia??,'m^ wcstmrnf^t^mf cimS?t
^cw w wtmt?? wm nnn^m m nrf^c^ wtrntn? Sn? 'fmf Atmn I >tc-HCA? f^f%tw mR m cir^m Sfgw 1 ^ ?5Rm mR
ftmc? f ^ n ?sc? iii?t wtAtc?s ? s t ^ (itt w m atmn w cn, cnm? mttw f n ?sf?m n^m m eg? 1 tnnttw ?Ttmt? msn
nnrntn? mm w nf?cmt*i? 1? ^^nw? fn?s^ ^cw nw at<Ft? Ast^n ^mRtt? ^ n ?^ ?sm Sfgw 1 ffmt?? (mjs
S ^ w t mtt? I fwf^ ntm, tm wnmmntt? atR R R wwjtm crnnmf^ minfmf?'5nt3jRt?5m?smnttt?m (wtn-mmw, ^j.
ia?t?t'!^ 'itn?'m?n 1 âtA^ n^ w?n^ ?sm ?t(!$? wm ft^ iffA, id's) 1
ntA (wR-ntmw, ioe) 1 nj% TtfRwr ntmvn 8 fwR wt? ntm, f n ^ 'srmttm
w^nwtt? n??st? cm ff^t nnn ?sRft wtm ^lAit^^s wtnf? fwf%cw 'mmtss's wf5^ ?sm mtt? m 1 cm m f ^ f m ^ cmn
ftntt? atmn wtt?5 fwf^ mmn atRn^ 4f??tcAH 1 f ^ fntnn, arm? wfwcmn s^nfnw ^tm n m f R mnm men? m Sfgw 1
cmn wftnrjn m ^Rtw ^stf^m mîR cstn gnRst wnm fn"% ntnn-atntct? Rf%cw wnm? aimf^ '^m wRf^^c^ wf5^ ^^f?c
nnn Attw f?s^ fmttm cn^m? wf?TO ^mmn^ mt 1 tmn ^t?, w m m c?Att fnc ^t? 1 fwR n%mt^ nmn*f c m ,
(n^mn) fnw t^tms wnntt? mR^tm fl^titm ntm wtm wm wtrnt? wf54 mfwf? ?jtmt? W^TC? ?jn^ ^pfntw ^ c n 1
<(>iAit<i"s cn'sm wTAt? ntw mmR ?sf?m wtmnfw w^ w m ^^p^ mAfcmc?5 wi5?s w t At?itA wtmtmt^ ^
*iAtt^ mn ?sm? nsngnr (win-m?tw, A V ,too,toto)1 fwf^ fro ^tcn I fnA^ wRcmn wmttn? Rf%cw ntnm mt?? m
tnntftfntcmn
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W f l f f , t r o (?) o?.b W f f f f , t r o (?)
f f ? ? l wf??K f kicf^s fistfwt? ?s?t ? % ? Rf, i l t 'fr? R f t f r t ? f i t f W t t w c ? I t c w f r ? f^fffrw w f f f , ttf?Tt w

f5??rf fe ^tr? ( w t - t f ? f w , f . biff-bi^b) i f f ? '*i>ll<Mlf watrsfi f ? R R b R f f w ? f t f i t W I ? w t f t f C f ? ? R t f
w]^ (Wf? ft?f ?rw, w f % f ^ ?]f^5rt?rf f ? w w f t f i R ? f%f%r ^5[f5nf . i t f t f t R ? f t ^ WttRC? at?R % R f 1 w ? f t t f i t W;
tf?fR& f ? f wt? Rros 1 w t i R r t e r t f i T sitfff ^?f? R # ??i W t ? t f f ? W f f f . i t f r t ? ft Rif^ f i t I ff? t f w ?
RtffWrw? fftrw f r w f Rflf?r?s? l i r c T R fRWWT f f r t ? f ? T t f T i W ' U r t t , I cwcf? ^f^f ifsfttfw^, ^ M w f
(Wt-ff?fsf, ^. bd-b) I W t ? - ^ t W R ? W ! ^ t 'S?Ctff^ f f t t R f C ? w t t f f ? T t f
f l W - R l W ? 8 t t t t W f f f f (?) f f ? f W ? R l W r ? ? ( R t R f t f W t ' S f ? R W f f f f i t ( W W t , t f , it., f. h8b; W t ? f f t -
W f t f f t ? t r w W W t t t 8 w t f f ?jf% R ? f f f f w e f ? ^ t r W W f f f , W ? f , ? t . , tj. ob-b-; . s i f f f t f f t - W W t , b'^., tj. oi5;
w w f m i f f ? r ? ? ? a f t ? t ? ( R f W l t T W T ? ^ 5 i f f f t ? I ttl?Tf'S I t f W ^ R - W W W , ? t . , % ?ii) I
w?^ W W R ? f # f w R t f ^Wrt? w t t f t r t f r ? % t ? r f t f w t w t W f f f f C f W3^ t w ? f f f c w ? I f w ? f f
W r w - w r ? ( R f f wwtw fr?tww? w f t c ? t t w ww ^ m i
tftn? Wff? W t f ffwt f i t I f f t t f f R WM t f t t 'Q
www f f w ff?w f t c w c t ? W W ? f ? c ? ? R ^ f f ? w I f f ?
W ? ^ t?b? f i r t ? I t f f R i f f T 3 t?WtftC' fwR f f f ?tc^*f
t r ? f c ^ f t w ff?w ? c t ? , f t R t f t r t ? WW t r W 5 M ^mm
m i .aws Rif^fw R t ? t f r ? t f w f w ? tft fWtf
f??? I t ? f f c ? ? f t ? ^ c w fv f c ? % t ? t t f ? - f f f ? m i wttttt?
?i?tf f ? f f ^ I f f ? .at f w f ? R f c ? ? , W f ? ^ t ? f c ? w t f fffrt I w t t ^t r t ^ ct, t w t W f f f f ? T f t f w
?Tf%5 ^^jf ? 5 r ? % f f f w w r ? wffw w w ?ftc? w w t ( W W t , it., % 58.!>) I f l f ? f t t f t W ? R f f f I ^5t?f t w t
( W t - T O f W , ^. i f f i ) I W f f f f ( ? ) t ? t f f f ' W f f f f f RTOfT? tffbftWfffc? I
ffW?fw? W 8 ^t<Mlf t f w W t - W ? f (i(2-b--b>!>V ff? W?Rt-fWt, W % - f f ? , ? f - t f f ? , ?fWf f W f ftffm
% f f ) i'bi) % f f t r ? ( I V ? {.) t w t W f f f f ( ? ) - c f c t t ? w f w ?5ffr? w I f w ? f t f t w t r ? ? f i t r R ? 5 r t t
w w f i r t ? ? t f ( f f b f ? f ) f?f?? f c ? ? (.Q?fff?fft W W ? , b'^., RtRfltl
oi5>; W t - I f ? ( f , % ^\rb; f t f W ^ R - W W W , :?t., f . ?bb; Rroff? t l l f f f f t ? t W T f Rl? ?rt?, w i t wf fffs;'^?f
Wt-t?fwf, o o i ; W-WT?ff'fw W t - f ? W , - I t . , .iittwfc? f f b i ? w f f f f w t w f R w f l c t , w i t W W ? ? t ? w r ?
W f ? f f , ff? w w r f fTW?^ fl f f s R w f ^ f t f f i f ? f f ? r t
?"RTSC? t f w f W C f f ? fas ^3 f ? ? t w Wt-Wf? fSpfros fffff?sffc?tW I
m i i5[?wfc?? w f f?f^ f c ? t I w f t f w ? t c t t ? f w r f ? i t T f ftpf T - m t m t f R 8 twt W f f f f (?) f t f t
W f w r t w??? fffw f ? t ? f=f f f w f w f f t ( i ^ b v - b i o f t . ) t t s f R b R f f w ? t J R R f t r s n ? ^f'f f t f ? t f I f W ? T ? T f f f f T S ?
w t w r w ? f f f ? wfff 2fW? f c ? ? 1 w8t? w ? i f ? - w f t f w ? ? f ^ f r ? t r t ? CW3I ^ 5 i f t f ? f f t w f t t ? ?5c?? i ? i t r f f f f i s ?
wtrt i i i ftwfrw f w c f R t f "wwrff tgrcwj? ? t f .ilt?if ? t f ? W f ? t C ? f t j W ?f??rtC? C?, t?t R?st i f f t W , R?5t
w t - f t f w ( f ? R f?5f?f%) f?c?ft f c ? ? I W f f T f f t i l t f c t e 3 f t f t f c t ? tfftff f ? t f f f c w t ^ I t f ? f t?t t ? f f f
? W t f i c t ? ( W - w l W f T W t - f ? W , I t . , ^. o o o - o o i ) I ^f1??>WW?#?ffffW " W ? ^ f^tWfC? Rf?! f%SR W ?sc?
WMC? t f w W t - w f f W C f W f W r t ? w f f t f ^ f C ? R ( t t w t W ftWTCt W ? T f t W , % 05>) I
( W W f f R t w t W f T i f w âW R T f t W ? ? , ' J . bi; W t - f f W W t w t W f f f f (?) f t f ? R b R f f ? f c t ^ f f f ^ ?'aw? f C t
W?-f??f?f, i o t . , % i V o ) I t W ^ t f W " ? t ? i f ? - W % T f ? f C f fwtft t } ^ f < f f t ? w^swff ?tiilc? I ( m ) f f t f ? ? f m i t
w f f?f^ fc?? I tw? c f W f 5 ftwr? ? w ?t?ic?, m s f twt f f w f f w i f r ? w Rw? f r w r t W t w f t ^ ^ r o i f ? r ? f R w t f f R
W f f f f ( ? ) R??sfr?? .ilfW? t i t ? iltsft . S f ^ f < f f f f f t R R _ w ? f j f f f f t c w a f r ? r f ? f c w f w W R ? I f f t
W R W W ? t C W f W t f W f R ftew f f ? R t f f f ? r c f f f f W f C ? t W l f f f t f ? S t f t f t t RtgirWJ? f R t ? J ? t f f R T O f R R Rft
m i t f w ? ftft f ? R ctfww? f f i w fffw f t R f f t f i f f b w ?.3W? ^3 w i R f ? t f ? R f c t f t WW W R ? I t?trw
fjfffr?fwfff fc?? I fr? t f w c f f f t c?w f f t c ? t c w t w t f ? T ? T f ff?s-^-c^ ^^1^ w t f ? f t R l R ^ t j f R f I f W R f f f W ?
w? f W ? fffw f ^ f f f r t f f ? f w c f ? t f f t f ^ W R t (WWt, ? t ? f ? w t ? ?T?tt? ?iff>3C?? f C ? f f t c S I
f x , i t . , ^. >>8b; . S R f f f ? f f t - W W ? , M . , tj. V i ; W W t ) m i (ft) c f f ^ W f t c w j ? f f T O f f f R ? f?c?rft ?tf? wfff
f ? ? f ffrt f ?R RmfR fttfc? Rc?ff w? f c ? ? (wt-fftfw C?r5f f ? R t f ? ?J?8 f i t , CtC?f ? T ? T f f5W?f?R t f t * R l f l f t
W?-R?IW, i o t . , ^. ib-o; W ? - f f g ? - W f t ? t , ? t . , % iob-; t j f ^ t t t w a i r w j ? R f f w i R m r f w ? f f m c f ? f c t fwRffww ^
W t - W W t , Vt., iS>o) I f t f t t m$ i l t f t t f f c ? ? t w t ^ m i f ? t r t ? w ? j r t ? T ? T f ff?s'?wTt?trt ctcf? w t c ? ? t r t
t t w f fffcw?
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wtf f5?=,tnnt (?) wtf tntn (n)

<#tw A? lanttsTss, <rfi?tnR, Infert 9m wit^î in iSiiSi ^.; ( i i ) fw?5n wtn-ftf, nttnTfn-m'wrfw,
WTAt t?r? nt ms (ninntfw-wtftfr?ijT, ^. <) i m^-m1wt, '2??;w, wt.R; ( i A ) t f n A'TWT? wTn-'wi>i<> inif,
(1wJT) Snmn t%pn?f? ii-'iii>i=i ^^tw "^nRn matosij wftmn f%5!i^-fnin, tmmf wffrpiR wttmffm, ^ptwiit, wt.R; ( i o )
^^nrwt >iinintntTAi?fn Si^ttn nmit Inntw înewRn i tmn wtf Âimn t f n wtA'ntn t n n 'S^mn wtn-mmf, f m ^ - t l ^ m n ,
f^gf (n) wtm? ^'jnf ? '&Tfw?s NS iifg^s>j>in stwtn mm ÎAICÎ? w mmn-mlnsn, i n n t ^ n , '2??;w i>obA R. / is>too ^.; ( i 8 )
wtttn? w^pif ^f?rw n ^ An i f ^mmt nrA, R R v^nRn m n ? ^ win-t?f??xf, win-wfrnn, ms^-tnn fnn-mnt^, 8 <
mgtewj? wm ^1?^ witm? n??pnn attnn ^pf?rw - w n An i at n t ^ n , '2??iw is><\j> (i(t) t f n *wt?^-?t??, wtn-tnfwm,
sr^ Rwtfn-mmw men wtmw? mmt Rmmn i mwtn ntw-fwTfwn-tnntfnm, i n n t w , mntn' i 8 i i R. /
^ 8 tmn WTf f;5?= (?) n#mAi?it[?-?t%n? rnnrnnen^js i<>c>i '^.; (ito) '5Aimn wtf fAat, Aintoa tmn wtf A t f m (Stj),
nen? nncn A Itwtl? ?Tft'Sn-wt?m >SfAc?? 'sm^ gwtf??? ntfn?s nn, mtnmmmn, itf%mn, wt.ff., mtm w^., â. m. m.
Ai '^)Rn, ifevt=^[fw?5in mm (wTf)n mi'mn, isn., A ^ i ; 9mw^ tnmn, tmn wtnn wtf A"tf?t (?), tnniR^ spiSw-tn
'smRm^-wT'ntn, ^n., (. ovv; m tnrin-m'wif??' wtn- mtntWt, i n n t W A o o o 'sj.; ( i i ) R?# ^"mf, A??W W t f
tnntfnm, wT?f, in., % 8AA; 'mtfw-'în, ^n., eoto;
A i f ^ (?), wgmn 8 ^ i m n mR (Rfntf, liinmfnm nttmf,
fnm^ wfnTn wtn-^ptnt, vn., i. c-ov; wtn-tÂi?nw, ^.
iswtwt?, i n n t w f , b W A o o i ?(.; ( i v ) t ? i n ^'tRin
Ab-to) I nwte? fwt^ IS. nen? nnm ib-A tAwft? mffSn-
wtRt? men t R m n w n (wtm^-Tw t f n m'n, in., o o i ; wTn-wtf?njT, t'nt^-îipR''sr'(, mmn # n , ^??iw wt.f?.;
wmt^Tfn- ^Tpimt, ^j. iAb; wtn-^j^-mRm, At., <j. iov) i (ij>) t f n ATWt? 'wtnsnntf, wtAfffw- wtA?^, 'wT?^-f?tn
nwte? twt^ n ^ m?i^-?T%ft? mnmnen i i A fAwftew iiii>lttof, gnwtn, wt.R; ( A o ) tntn t m ^ ; ^ win-mmn^,
t n t w ^ ?se?n i we? n-Rtt^ nflns (votftn mn-mn, isn., f%mfn-nt?^, m ^ m'RFt, o ? n t ^ n , ^??iw; ( A i ) .
Atoi; -sntRnrfn- wfmn, ^n., ^. obb) i (m W T A I ? men? 5Atmn nt^sf 'wtmn, mtm^n m'wtRf wtn-tnntfnm (wi?f);
w^tnn ?>c?n m\ wtmn wtntm? tmnR ?fc?n (tnntn ^ Rstien ( A A ) t'tmtwtcif^ w^ tnntn (Stj), it^mn tSf^wtfnl^, ntem?
ntAiRn,- e^) I iobs R. / ifetos ( A O ) 'îsiiaiA t f n wtn'wtn wtn-ntntf
n^-n^f^ 8 tmn wtf f ^ (?)-'9? m 'ja mmment mm w t n - m ^ , fnnwtfn-wtntn, mtm^n- m'wtRp wtn-fnwifnm,
TjtTj ifs?. liRs ja[ vttAt? wx^?ie^ f^tn^tntw ?sR^ ^mtmm? ? # i n n t w , Atnnmntn, mfn^mwi i o o i R.; ( A S ) t ? ^ tntn,
m mi litt IOT ^^ngw m^ w n ^ tR i J s o R. tnlwmn wtn-mt^, rnntm^n-mAin, ms^n mfm, An n t w t io^s. R. /
?5C3nitmnmewwt?c?5t^nmnflnRmwtmw^ i iJsiJs ( A f f ) w f w WtAntn 'SAVtf, 5?5'tf^ fntSn-^gntn,
a t x i ^ 8 ( i ) tmn fmft, nftA wtn-fntft. An., i s b , trnm^n-ffnwtn 'smn-'Ssjgn-tnnifnm, ?5?tft, wt.f?.; (Ato)
-wtnmns f?s fkm., cn>an^, tRm; ( A ) Ttcm wtn-Rm^, w t n H ^ wtn-^gf^, wimî^n-^wtw, nT?m- 'f'gfnn-
win-^[tn?i^, m?^ f^n wtn-'wtmf, ^??iw, ^sntn; (o) -sAtmn tnfnm, t??iw; (^s) t?5n-mfn, wtn-fÂinnw, m?^- mlwt,
t f n wtf wt*f-m^tf, ^[?^-niAtm, nt?swtm mRm wtA'ntn '2??iw; ( A b ) wTA'ntn t f n '^n'wT^, fns^m^'n-m'wtm, m ^ -
t f n , i n n t ^ t , ntem? i s o s R. / iJ>b8 'sj.; ( 8 ) A 1 ^ m%Ft, fff?n-tnfnm, '2??iw; (AJ>) t f n tifitî-t, ^ntfwtfn- wfnin,
' m t ^ - i ^ f n , m?pn ff?^, t??iw iSoA R. / iJ>bA %; {a) t?n mm mfn?, ???iw, wt.f?.; ( o o ) t n n w t t f fs?f wtn-
m x wtw-wtm?5tfn-'f?m, m?^ mfn?, '2??iw, wt.fn.; (to) t f n wtwtf?ft, win-ti?^-nt%t, mn^n $^f?n tnfnrn, ^??;w; (>oi)
wrf Aifwn wt?-?tf, f%wtfn wt?A' ?tw-wt*fn, ntwfnm Âtmn t f n WtA'ntn t f n wtn-mmf, mntRfn- tntn
mt?tfwn-m'wti?^ wtn-tnntfnm, i n n?^n, Ainnmntn, nRmwj, wtf; AT^pt, tA'mSn-m'wTfw wm-^'mfnm, 8 < n t w n ,
wt.R; (i)wtn-mAtf, ^JuRsi^n-^'^mw (S^wf.), tnntfn^ mnnmmn, mRntwj; ( O A ) mfmn wtfn wtm nijf, f^mtsstw ^sm
itnfnRt AtSn, in ntwn, ntem? i s o i R. / ij>bi (v) ^fwtw;- ( o ) WtA'ntn t w ^ itm, ntnnr^n wtffstnrt i
^ t m n t f n wtA'ntn tnn 'Ântn wtn-n'TAtft, fnntn^ wtn-mwm'wtfn- mntfsmit, mm i o e i R; (os) tmn wtf
wTmtfnn-^?im, vsinnini wi?-Ritm, i n n i ^ n i S o i R / i&bi f;yp, f%wTfn-nt?tw, t m ? T f n - f?wtn ?in-S^fnn tnntfnm,
A? n t ^ n iSoA R. / iSibA %, on n t ^ n isos- R. / is-bc w i f t i S o i R. / i J s b i % ; ( O f f ) -xiAlW. ntwtfatA f m f f f ,
%; (>>) t?n ?n^, wtn-Rmrt ^mn-Rmm, nt?swt?tfn-m'wtRF, tnntn ^m fnwtm ntAifmn (Si{ w^. f%wifn mntw), nt?swtm
.???iw, wt.fn.; ( i o ) m'^n t f n 'wtmj^ wtn-Atntn^, csmen ntA, i n n t w t , ?5?tf is>toto % i
^wt^-fnmn, m^ tAntt f?tA wtn-wtmf, ^??iw i-ojji. ft. / gAtmt wt?^ mpt^
tnnif f?tc?^
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Wf ffpltf?
^1) S t W f f f cftwwct? f 3 ! f t w ^ I ' w f ? wtt ?1TW t f ? f t t t w f t ? f sPlf

t f ? ' W ? R T - f f t ? W t - W ? f ? ? T f f f t ? ^ff1 Wt-f"aW^fWf ?t? w t - f - s w ^ t t t c t ? R r o ^ t ^ WlTTs WftCW ttsf TT I
?irt? w f f ? ? t t W t % t ? , ffb-o-ffS>e/iib-8-iiiiii9 I W c t f f i t ? tWf'S?t?ftWT?fP6W?W?t'5t?T%5t? I

fC?? I iV ? t f % ? - W f , eb-AS ÎfHt, iib-8 t c ? W f W f f f C ^ ^ f ? f t c f f f f w Castille-m ^ f f w f c t ? w a = t t
ti[ct WTT? 9m W f t t f ? f f f - m f f t ? f ? ffwt? f t c t ? ftw? f ? T ? tcsfCf W f t t f c r o C~t? (Iberia) t t f c f ? ft
t t f t t f f f t f f (Sevilla) f W f t w ? ro?? m i .aftc? i t w Ct^ft? f c ? t w ? ^w f C f . I .at t i ^ I f f t t ^ f ^ w
W f T t t t - t t T , (tvo/ip Wt%, iib-8-CW f t l T t C ? WC?tT:t? f f f WffW W i t W f l c t t I f f t f w t f f ? ?t? t w ? fff f ? e t
c t T t w ro?? I w s s f ? ? f t f ? t ^ t T f f f m t t ? ? t f f effort f f f w U c W T , w t ? f t t Sancho f f t t f t t T f ;fCtW?Ct? m>1t
w t t r o t - f I t f ? t f t f ? ?i?tf?f w f R f?tc? f f w t ? ro^ t R f f t e t ? tl?lc?j t f ^ t f e ? Witt Silves ^5i?e?f? ro??
f ? t t ? w f f ?5C?? I f W C t ? t f f f t w ? ?5f ffWCt? t f ? f 5 f t f t ? mifw? W t f? ?twf?, eb-e/o c t e ^ t ^ , iib-s. wtffet f w t t
W??tt WIW? I ffffWT ^ l W?l?"=t ?tWt?WC? t f f t W f f W t t t f c ? ? I iflit t t ? Castille-m W t f ? f ? f t f ? t e t ? ^ i R f w
Rbiîwf tw*fl ?5C?? m i Tjl?Rbt<t ff^î? t c b t w c r o i ?sfwf? Magacela, Relna, W t - ? t t ? t W ? ^ W f W ? f (Alcala de
i^fjfîttftW f f t t t f f f w fwj? w i T ? f t ? ctf? f f t t t t f t w t ^ guadaira) Calasparra W a R t ?sc?? i (tirb/iiho t e ?
ro?? I w t - f W f f w c t ? w w f t w t , w?^ wwt?, ctftc? wtw? W f f f f W f ? ftw W I R t fc?? m i W f w f f ? ftffet?
f?f?5?f=t ? t ? t t ?5Rc?, fft^ t H t i f W c t ? Wot? c?t? f f f w t t t f f w f e ? tf% fRe W W fc?? i w s s f ? f f ? f t w f t - m
fwf? w t - t t f t T ? tiftc? ? t ? T t fft? t c w ? i m f t t f f ^ (?i?iw) t ^ f j f w c T ? Torres Novas Torres f < W a R t
t f f w f c t t I I f f fwf? WIT? f f ? f t w t ftttct? e r o t t l f t t ro?? I . a t f t e f f W ? w ? ^ i f t t t t w Silves w e w ? ?se? i
f i t c t t , Wf-fif?w? ( s . t f ? f i f ? w ) - m - s w f f t t t t w w ffwtw Torres Novas f C t ? tttJCt? f R e ? t ? f ^ R s C f t ^^tW f t ?
(Baugle) w w ? t ff??lc? i m i W T W W S f t t f t f c ? 1 f f f f W ? (Tomar) fe*f? ? W ?
t t t t Wfwiftc?? R f W I f f f c t ? tl?tt W f f W (Majorca) f?e?tfw '^f? T|fCtw? w t l f fcwf? t t r s W S R t ft? ftfc
C*ftf?t w t ? W f f t f f W Wt-f<3?t?ft>iCt? f w ^ t c C?t ffCf, m ? R fCf^ w f t c ? Wt^fftâ W T W f f W 3 R t f t f p f t W
W f t c w ? Wff rot ^ w f l f W T fwjttjt? f f f t m i Rwt?t? ?tf f R e f f e f I ? t e t ? ? ? i w w t - f . a ? i ? ( ? f ctttet? t e t j t i t f f
T W T R ? t t w f ? f t t w m CttfTS t l t ^ f f f w iSs W f t ? , t r w f cttf ct?r? t f w f t t ? P t t ? - m w ^ t f f t w ttc
(?b-iA8 ct, iib-tt ffwtw ^tfffl? fC? I f f w i w f f w c ? ? t ? w fttjêtt I
W d ? '5tW ?ItTS WI 1 i l t 1?*ItW?'fWtf?t?5t??t " w f t f ? f ? ?,t? t f w c t t f t e f f t ? t ? wfifww? f R i y f t w f c ? ?
ttt??t w t t w f t t , ftf?t?t, w f ? ?tf T t w c t ? f ^ w ? ro?? I W f m i w w t ? (Tagus) ? f ? t f ^ t t tff^ f^, ?W w t ? w f w t t t
f f f W f ? w e ^ t f l f t ^ W3FtCt? t j f t f f t f c t ? WIT? CtHl<)ltt^ (Alcacer do Sol), f t t e t W ? (Palmella) >Q W t - W W ?
w c w (Ceuta)-? C?t-?T3? WTCW (tbiJiiWi tC?? f W W C t (Almada) W? ?se?t m i ? ' ^ t l t t t - W f ^ , e v i / i o WWt,
w t t w ? i t , tfwitt >a ffiffwct? f f f w w t n w ^t3t f t t t t f t f w iiJi w t f f e t W f t w W a R t w w t w f*ft? (Silves) t t t
. ' W f t f ? f t t t w ? f f r o ^ w t t ? T?i I ' W f w t t fWffwt
f e ? t I W f f f f W f ? evss/iiJio t e ? t f f f t ? 1 ? f t f t
(Constantine) W R t ? ftfwflctt i W t - f ? t f f w c?W f f w : ^
, w j - f W f (Ajarafe)-m t e # 5 , ^ f b t i f < ttftr:
WC?t? fWTtTf? f f f w W t - W t f c t ? f t C f f W t f t ? t f C ? f I
f?tgt-ft?tf (Aznalfarache) f ' f f t f c t ? f f c t f f W ? f C ? t i
c t t t t c ? %t? WW? <3 f t f W (Gafsa) ^ f f f l ? f t f W fatcflf?
.ift f c t ? f f i t f ? f R f t ? ^ f f w ?Mt f f f w e w 1 f e ? iisso
' f K l f C t ? t t t w tf% fC?? I iltWC? WilRtCW f f w t f t t
f S f e ^ W ^ R -5%? CtWt Ctt ^ W Cfet-'Rlt Alfonso
W t - W ? f t ? I t f?T?tTTCt? f f f l T R t t f f W W? I m^H-?lil W f
ttfftw w t w W i R t f f w ?ett I f c t f r c f C f f ? fSftet?
f f f W f ? f?it3ct m # ff?fs 'sif^tt? f f f ^ t t w ? f t w ^ f ? t
f f w e ^ m t t f t ^5fRw? f t f m t w f R e 5t?ff?t 1 W f f f f
ro?f m i f w t f t t cfHw f f c s t f t t t WWCt? f t a t c t ? f f r o ^
m^ f % w i f ct?t?iftf c f ? t ?sc?? I f f f i e w f t ? - w f , f t t f w i w s R f t f w t * t f R w c f e w m i ^ Alfonso-.ii?
eb^/^8 isf?, i i b - i w f f c t f t f t t ? f?f5tt?i?fT3c? .ilt w t l f tttJCt? f f t t f W f f f e f W t f t ( M u r a d a l ) - m t i f f f f R f t
f?Tfww I Wt-f?iTttf tfw fw? t r t f ? (Si ÎwfCt ?'e?1W T T I V W't!?, <?<>i/iV w w t , ii!fl- W t - W f f f
w'?H/i8^tro5t??) w t - T W w t f ttc? .ilt f?twc?? fff?^*t (Alarcqs)-m ffWi t i t f t ?? 1 f T t f w f ? W
f T t ro?? I rot t f f f f t r t ? t t f t f ^ f t i f tt?t? (Castilllans) C f b f f w f c ? f W f w w ? ? 1 W t - f W ? t ? t t t
wt-f^wrfttTR? ' f f f t c ? f t w w e t I W s g f ? t t t f t r Campo de Calatrava ^^set? % t t fsf ^siRw? ?sffw t ? 1
f f % W ^ tflftt w c t t m i f w R r t t t c t ' t f f w ^ i t T ? f f ^ Wf fff tf f R w f wTfws? f f f w ffwe?? '5|fw^f
f ? ' W f t f ? ftf??tt? f f T T<3W t C f t f f t t f W ? f ? W ? w t - t t f f ? - f f f t ^ t f t t ? rot w s R I
t t w f fffCft?
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Contents
<s?^ wtf ?f%f Rtf-fulfil
f w t f f W f f W f R t f ? W R - f f ? f ? f t ? ttrou m\ W f f f a ? (b-) t f ? tlRftt, tltlt b-oo; (Ss) t f ? 'W?ftt-f?'tt

ff?*ff R W R ? W f l ? Maontanchez, Trujillo Santa Wt-Rt?lft, W ? ?ffR-ft'wT? (Levi-Provencal), 'J. ib-;
Cruz R f W w ^ s R wf??f? ro?? I Togus ?f? t f T ? f ? (io) ttwrf, wtftfw-tftfwt?R, Wf. Fagnan, i l ; (ii)
^sflRs Talavera Wstst *?R ?5%rf Vega of Toledo f W W R - t t f f f t , ttf^-W-wX ?t., ?b-Si; ?S.o; ( i ? ) Primera,
W f ? ^ s t W CTtT??WWfsI rot? ?ttf?Rf? t w t f ff??t (R? I cronica General (R. Menendez Pidal, i t . , bHb-y,
1? ??f? WJ%?R bhfet Diego Lopez de H a r o - m RfR?ff? ( i o ) Chronique des rois de Castille (Cirot), ^. 8i
Wt-f?5R'wtf?-Rt?? (Alcala de Henares) feff?t t f s i ? n app. xi; (i8) A. Bel Les Benou Ghaniya, obr f.; ( i c )
f w Ifff wf%?iw fwf? CW5I? t T f t r t f w ?sf?r de Silva Tarouca, Cronicas dos sete reis de
Rft???ft I Portugal, i t . , i c i ; (ib) ttR tff f R W ? f t - ? T f f , f t f ?
t t ? ? f f fWJttro?? f ? RftlfW f ? t W t Wf|Wt?RW fwf? Wt-tt?f?, wsftttf f t f t t , flltft itsCi I
f a f ^ T m t t f t.g?ff?roif t i R f f w ro?? m ? , R f R t f f ? A. Huici Miranda (E. I.2)/fTW f ^ wf^
w?R? ?sc?? I wwgf? wt?rtf%f t f t ? 'Q te, ?5(:R ( t f t Rtw?j
^ s r t ^ H t f ^ W (g. ? f t t f t f ? f t f l t )
TRfTwit f f w f t % c t ? w < m? t w t f f ) f t t t f w f p s f f f w
ttw? I ffffbfw? w t r fwf? tifffw? m f?rf? W R ? ri^-^Rn^ i, 0
c f t f t f ff??R f f ? w ?t?r ?sc?? I ? s R f ? f w & t f f f w f f T t a (?f f f t f t t ) t t t t t f ? f ? ' 1 W f . t t f f ? . f W t t f f f w t ? f ? t ?
fWftflct? ? f w t ??7R f f ? WWI^ t t t t W t f R f o ? fRw? I ii?s w ? f t - w f ? r o w t - T t t ? f f (g.)-? m iW f ?fft
Rt? W t - R l f t W t f f f t t t w fStttftW f f ? ^ t w t W f f C W f f t t t t f t t c t ? f ' w t l f f fS^sfm? W f t t f f i c t ? , f w R f ?
.iifa f f w t fr? f%t t^^ttf? ? j ^ ro?? I f r? f f f ? wftfvf 'wt?ft-wt?ro-ii? f f ^ r o w t??ftw f f f ttc? I rot W c w
?? ?tft'tt-Wt?lt, (JS(JAO Wtfflff, iissf?t%wtwf??tt?w W t t - ' f f f f t W f t f t C f g t ? t t ftfwTtt f f f w f?t'^ffwfW
rotft? I 'wi?ft-wf??r?-ii? t w t t t w f w t ?sc?? I f w f ?tct f r ?
T j t f ? Wtt-tt?f f - m RtRRftt Wtt-f?T?fWt? R ^ f c ? ? ? f ? "bap ( T W f ) Witt f R ? ! f f ? t l S l ^ t w ?T?-ii ff?f
Rftwtttew? 5?t t^tw? f 1 1 f?fww ? f w j t f i : T ? f l R R f f w f f ? c? t R W R fffc W W ? I t ^ ' W ? f t - W f ? r o - i f ? f f J? f W
f t W , f ? W t , t W f W f fTWf f t * f ? ro?? ms W<5,R? f w ? (8 i c / i o ^ c ) f f ? ?t?f? f ' W f f f tet? t f f f w Ctw T t I f r ?
? T R W t t f W W t ? ^sW f f ? t?jftff?Tt (TffR f r t ? R f t f f ] ? t t ^ Wftft wttf ft? w I ? w w f t ^ w t t f c a WIW t r ? , W f
f 3 K f ( R t t W f?ffWW f t f w R ^ ^ f t f l i R ? t T W fr? ? t f c t ? f%W?tW 'WT?ft-Wt?^tCW ffW?t?f t ^ f w R ^ f i t I
t t t i r t ? tr?T?t WWP3 f R f t t f f f i t I i l t t t ^ ? w : t R R f T ? f t t ^ i f i w:?r i f t f i r ? g ( i ) f f s w t f t - w w t t f f t - f t w R
wfftTw ? i f W R ? '^ff? R ? ? t f ? R t W Rmw t f ^ ?t?t W??tt-?ft1f#? .s?tt-WtRtft#? (tttt? ffiê-Glaser ii.);
^tt?lC?'f 1 W t - W t t T ? f t w f ? w t f t w iltffT?f f ? f ^ f ? t j tw? f t t t'Q A. Biram f ^ f Die atomistische

wtttwi, ft^ ft?t?t? t r p t f p w w t - f w f f # ? t t t w t , Substanzlehre aus dem Buch der Streitfragen
tfftRm? # ? l t R f (Giralda) ?t?tW? Wtft ^ T R R t t - i l ? ( W t t ? iJoo? ^.) WW w f R w ^ t w f t t R w ? ? I i l t f t t t f ? ?
tttfitf ? i f i l t W ttc f f ? R R T ? , f r t ? f f t p F t t t wffWsCf? t i R s W ? M. Horten-ii? Die Philosophic
tlfTt*tT^ cft . ^ f T f ^ f f f ? l f ? C t ? R f ? w t T . C ^ f t ? ? W ? f 5 f W des Abu Raschid f r ^ w ^ ^ ?t?tc? ( W iS.io ^.) i .at
W?J1T5 ?lCt? I ? ? - R f t , ? f W W W W CWtft, M^M t!3?, f^ f t f f f t c f c ? f t t w?itc?? f f w t w c t t w ? w t w w w ?
WW? R f t W t t W f f t W t t t f t t f R I .awftC^.8 WfT? .at W t - W R t t t fft-ftWf WfW w f f w wtf Tfftt Wt-

tftwt?f i l t ?1W??."Cf? W?SfW? " W F ^ Tf I w t w f t r f ? I ?t?t? w^5r?f? ?5Wf R f 4 t w f f t t f
fff^t o (i) Trente sept letters officielles ^ W c ? I t T W W t - t t f - ? wtfctt?w t w t t t t t c ? ? t e ^ f t w
almohades, t f f . E. Live-Provencal, % f.;, (5.) f R ? t W f R t t f t C ? il??, C b t f t f t R f t R f f t w f f w ^ ?Rf

C t w , Un recueil de letters officielle almohades, ^t?tc5 i i ? i ( ? ) f f f f w ^ f - w ? ? : ( f f w t f t - w w t c t t f t t f w f a ,
f w ^ ; ( ) t f f t - t t t f t , W t - ? t ? t f t - f t f ? ? , S t . , W [ . Huici 112V) W T ? f f t f t WlR f ? f W t Wff f f w f W f t f W - W f w
Tetuart iSxJo, w f.; ( 8 ) W t - R f ? ? f f f , f f w ? (Dozy), t t w fftf% ? t w c ? (fr?c?t i^.bs ^.) i f ? i f f f f i l f f t ? f
ib-s. f . ; (d) t f ? f f t f ? , t?f?, i t . , ib-s. f.; (<b) t f ? w f t ? T ? , wiR, t f t f^ . a f t t i c f l f f t i ^ t (rescenseon), t r
<[t.s5-5i-1f f W f t , c r o , ?(. i o H ; ( H ) t f f t - W t l ? , i^t., H 8 , ^5ift?iie^%ft^ f t f i m i w , <f. ts. Or h-iii^ I w r t t B i TO?:it t w
t t w f ffJiCff?
t.ff.V8^
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Contents
v&Oo
ttatn-iilS W^; R R flem wtf Atf^ &.)-m msj, nm A? mftfcw W t A t m , iamf% wtt'p-'as mwt mftf cmciss 'js^js^s
"wtnijtn-wts^ cntntfn nif mtf|cm i wnrtnj ate^ nwr nfnm^s ^ n smt AtsicA 1 wnsncn^ wtn-wtfA'w, tnn timsst,
wsftn m i n w f^fwt wtcA nfmt wtnt ntn nt, nftntcA s (o) wtn-iiin^f at^n m n ^ n^fnt S ^ ssfsntcm 'ntwt
f'sm^-S^,' â^fS ^"tat^ 'wts^-wts^-'a? fnmcn wtfmn mftwis w nnsN smt ttsicA 1 f ^ wwjtmft nfnrn wtmstt
wnr nfpw, nfte^^ fnw?; sfstn nfk^^ m*fn fmrns >ant wtf;fsn'tnm5 Awjt w 1 nsmif cnnwt sftRf itfl'C'o wm^s
f ^ f f e f f snwg f%f%41 nnts win-wtnt% M3ntn-wtntn wi^nm 4tssicA't 1 wtn-fnms st^wtms ntnf^ wtf fs.mn
a (n) wrs-wtÂ^ ntn-'wt^; (s) w t w - w t f - f w t ; (e) msn tsn ^ntflwcf fnfStmcm I
f%mfn-i^; (to) Rotft-tt^snt; ( i ) ntntt^-f^tnt^ ntnntnt m\ t ^ # f 8 ( i ) '^mft, w-rsts5T,toj;(A) tsn %tm, in., O A ;
mm-Y^(9m ^nrn-tstfrnt 'snin-nt<3?fif?w >sntn-^[fRtwt(v) (o) tfn ^wmm, mwtfs^, 8 8 ; (s) wtft'w mtm^mn, snscm
nt^'n "wtnt wpj'ATfs^-^mstt i iS>oto,ton.,8 1 ; (ff)wmift, in., A < J o - i , J>01; (to) ntn*^,
5t^t#t ? sfm:^ Sf|ftw nnrsn^ ? j # 5 g. ( i ) t ? ^ - ^[Srsf, on., ieJi>-toi, Atoi; ( 1 ) W t f S t ^ ^ (Wustenfeld), S.o,
^nwtrn, wtst^tfn-^'wtfsnt, n ^ . S. Diwald-Wllzer, otoA; (b-) wttTf, isn., 18-to, ien., i o i ; (s.) mmift, fss-nin,
Wiesbaden iJtoJ % , % i i t o ; (A) R . Martin, A 4tSCSl i081 ft., (to, O o V ; ( i o ) nt^'W, An., 1S.O, on., V i t o ,
Mu'tazilite treaties on prophetthood, tmnnt atn^, 8n., ffvo; ( i i ) tsfn-wifn, in.,toto,oAi; ( i A ) fmmmsf,
fnS tn fstfmrtm iJ1to %, wsmf^; (o) R . Frank, mfn, snncm iAvo ft., ib-v; ( i o ) sstnfff (Wustenfeld),
Beings and their attributes, Wtnntt i J l l % fm^ ^ An., 10, TA and LA. (5.) r-gh-1, f^tcstntcn i
wtmtff. ( 8 ) Brockelmann, S I, f. A 8 8 (<j) Sezgin, S. A. Bonebakker ( E . I.2)/-gAt^ t n t f t n t t
GAS,At.,toAton. I ^ ^ ^ ^ (<h^j jî) 8(m),wtw-wtsf, cwcssAwtw-
R . M. Frank ( E . 1.2 Suppl.)/?nt^ ntn w t n f s w i w - w t f f sfnrn Sc^n sscsn I wtms ntcm sTtmm
^5rt^1^t"R ( j u J j _ . i ) g c%nf^ ^ I WtAtn n-tm mm nwcn wTCA 8 ^tAm nc wtms mn fsn^twi t m ntAstf,
^ t f ^ n3;< f%^ snmn f^tnnft wntntcn n ^ w t ntn i atnnf^ nwim Smm tfn siAsif tfn 'wtw wmt A i f n tfn Aism
w^prfc? cn wtt^->an âwR AT^F cn nirt wfwntm wtnntAt wmt Atmrn tfn mAS twjtfn i wimstfs ^ nw, R R m^mf
(ff.)-n nnatn^ fin i wtn-^ntmn (5.) mn^ wtABi ^ t f n Rpfwt wtf fsnm (m); w t w - w t f f t n ^ - s s i s n - ^ a s nttss
^cn cnntmt wtAtc^ nntflw w t An 1 wtAtn w m atn fnc^m nfmt'^fstwi
atnt atmfnw fin ( w ^ n atnt n t m % wtn-wtnst) 1 m f t w n wtf fsnm (m) âssm wtms ntm n p j ^ ^ (n)-'as
nten ^^n^ nBitntn wnt <t>ifAf f5 ntmt ntcst ar^tn w t A? m% nsntm wtnm ssfscm I fnm ^(C3ts nfsbs ntcs ns mn^ftA
Atnntn t f n Attn (?t)-ian m^ c*ftm nnatnst tAtn ^ n (n) nfncm, "c?ms wnstcs cwims cmf Atm m mi
cnf^ nt^sTtt nm (ed. Hlschfeld, bdi, I) 1 W f f fsttmrn c m m s w n s K s ffn cmf m i"
wcs aj^ f^w:m attftn atntf^ isftlfn fnf^ ias# c?ti^ wn wtf'fsnm (m) fm nnstn ssfscm i wtntn tfn msfw (s)
aimftw A5, "wt5j-ti'it)ifiii4'-'an ^ nfkn W T f fsntcm nntfsn mfnw t m îm^'s' (s) wtf; fsnm (m) Atew AtfA n-^
atfw am fnc^n ^^n^ csm fncn=n w wtAtn atfw r S'fssicA't I t f n tnram, t f n ft's^, Aif^n at^n iÂifÂ wtmn
AlfAC^ntfAnRst nt^f^csc^ i
wtw-wTstft WtA'ntn t f n Atmn w m 4tfAf tl5 nsn n"=fnm
^ t # f 8 ( i ) t f n Alwm wtn-'wtnîntf, wtn-tntst, fnns
Scan s#?rtcin 1 wtTînim wtf fsntn m ^ (5.) cntcais awtat
#fnw srf^ I m ^ cttcigs cnr^wn wt^f^ ^ i t c w f^rms ioAb ft., 8n., i o , mnjt 8 i 8 ; ( A ) t f n 'wtffnn-nms,
A'snm nnn w t n ^ wngtn ^Rcwfln'wm Î'tfUs nftnm s ^ wtn-tnffwm (wtn-tmm, sn.-ias Atftm l o - i i ) i
nm I wm nwt wjtcns nten ntcsit cn ^^nen nfww An 1 cAmcswS^
cnntstflf ntst nAtnft (n) nnn wt^j-fAws wfwspq ^^fscsflcm, ^ ^ - n ^ l T T ^ (^. J:.L,j 8
w m %fn >at ^mftf s'Rt s^cm 1 nemfSs atiffsfw^ s^f^tncw WtA'ntn tfn tsstfn wtt-msmf, ntf ( m f i niîm^) wtrnfm
mftwfs nc5f wtf fsnicm cmn mms mt 1 atnn s s t f t f f ^ ssfs;winm tntntms wfsnt^, nm nnsm nnfw'Itm w n I
atmcst m nsn# ^mcn *acTOt m^ nt wtfsms smt AtsicA, F<f/Mn tî-f s attn f m ; ^ wtsf mm, nttfnsmn attf^t sstesi
. fsWT w m ^ n wtcA 1 wtn-wtmf îcw m^ wmmm ^^tcm wm mtw flem i f w f ^ atsm # s m ? > i f ^ Rem,
tnntf Rsiemn
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Contents
W f Riih w r - f r a f
tra w*iNlfC?t 1 f f C ? Rl? W??tftC? W f 5 f f t t , iiv; ( 1 ) Fuck, 'Arabiya, f f t f WJ. i i v ; ( V )
w t T c w ? tf? "s^ ?T? f i ? ? l ? ftt?f t t ?sc?? I R f ? W f t i f w f t W t f , DM, 8 t O i 8 I
f ^ f f ? ^ 5 ^ R?f f i c t ? I R f wtt?t?t j^tc?? ftfwc? Ch. PeUat (E. I.2 Supl.)/w. WWT? Wf
f r ? CTt?-3FftsR-'^ ?s?T '^t I f r ? f f i t ?1tt m i
^ ?P^Tmi^1 >?l) (^), Wt-tt?'Wf,
>tWC>g? ^*flf? (t'?t?) f=#tc? t w ? t ff??t c ? ^ ? c t ? t w
R i T f I W f W?1??f W f ttest f f R ^ I f r o TO ' W ? f ^ t f ?
f f t ? R w ? ?t? ffi wttt? tf?t?tw t?f? t w ? t ?5?t < ^ tt I
'W?fw?-?tTtR W t - t t ? 'Wf I W f W f T O W t - ? T f f e t ? tew
?>fstw w c ? , fwf? f t c w c f t t t t t f'w ?ft?t wtft? ?sf?cw? I fwf?
f f ? ? t f t (R)-it? f ? ? w t t w ff??te?? I ? t f t (R) 1?tlt t f ?
\:>'i)h/h<to t c ? f f T ? ? t ?sc?? ( R f W t - f ^ t ? t c w w t r ? f f f
?i?tT (?t) f r o te?j f?ttf ( w w ? ^ ) fte?t fl??tflct? I
? ? o8s>/s>.jjo tc? I wt-fff wt?rcf t?? w ? ' t t t f t c t wlwftw
t r o (?i) ? t ? f R - t t f 1 t t f?we?? f? fwit?w??tet 1?tit
?#gic??) I
(?t)-cf Rtet ( f t R n ) ?tfi?t w i t e w t ? t t5c?t 1 f ? t t t (?t) W f
W f 1??tf-m w f f ? ^ ? ^ wtTtcf t r e w WR ff??t? i l f f t
?tTOlef8 t e ^ ?lffTO W t t w t ? i ^ fc?? 1 t r o (?l) t r o c f
f C f t t f t f t f i t t f ? t t t f t f ( f . vO.Jjo-S.1o) (5.)-Cf I WiTtCt?
W T O ?lff?t w e t ? I f T ? t twe? ?tf t t t i ? - i i ? f t f t w f t f t
f?C?t? W f f??ffCf f?'^R?'5^'^CW?tf ff??t?W?JtCS|tflt I
?fteR?, w t f t WW cwittet? f t f t f w ? t t ? t w f t t i R , w t w
f f f f t f w (tm?t, i ^ , 11) tfttwtc? oqt wRtw f?stf fC??,
f t f f ? f l w t , WW? w w w wwet?ef f t r o t w TO fi?we?? 1
wftct? ^ WRPTt*rt?t ?j{%5^ Wt-"9wt?t# ( f . osa/iiba)
Wtw W t f l r o , WW? w w w w t t e t ? c f f R ft?ie?? 1 w t w
W f f??tf t f ? t1??5tf-Cf ?t^st^ ?sf??tf|ct? I ftctt^ f f f ?
f f ? f i T O , w w ^ wwe<T?ef "Btwtf^ ?#?te?? 1 ?ft cwtw
c r o a i l t ??t?? t ^ fc?twj '5tct f w f ? f f ? ? CTOJ t T
Wttet? tft t f f w t W f t f f ? ?R WW ^ t c t WWT^ f f i w ,
wctt cflRf ?ft?t tc? ?? tt I ff?t W f 1??tf ?R C5tt ^ f
w f j T O wi?ii?t t f f f ^ T O I ws8f? W f t f w ? - i i ? cttefW
ff?t ^tc^-t wc? t ^ f f t f r ? ?Mt?f wf?fw? t c f ? W
twe?? tft*'2??lftf R W f t t t ? f f ? t I
ff?w I ?ic<] f r ? f f f t i t j f ?sRt t t a ti?fw5 wc? I t f t
f t * f ^ (i)tf? TWt? W t - . ' W t f T W f , W t - t t T ? f , f t t ?
tttftcf? w?tc? ftftw f f ? w t R ? j f w f T i t f (a.)-ro
i.o?V R., 8 t . , 'J. 1?; (?) t f ? "Wttft-W??, W t - t t f W ?
f f i t t ? ?f5w ilfft f e f f ? w t f^t^tft ftcsit f r ? f w c ^
(Wt-tRt?t 8 t . t l t J l ) , 'J. 1 i - 1 ? I
tttcfiijtt ff??tflct? I W f f?frf ftcwt fn? fitfw?
c?tie?wtf?
W f ? C f C ? ? W?J f r ? f ^ WW-Wtff C^. OVS/^JiS) [5.]
W f t - ' W t t W t - t t W ? f ( f . 8 8 V i o ( J - b - ) [5.1-il? f t f t t t f I Tsrt^^gs^-^ w r r s T - R t ^ iijjUjji ^ i ) s (?i)TO
fRw, w c ? , W f f??tf W f Wtflt-il? ?WtCf f f I t f ? ?R?t t c ? f t f t , W f ^ R t f T O , t T t f ( t ) - i i ? ftw?ew? f ? t t t t t
f f ? w ? tt 1 f f f iiwttcô f f ? f r ? T i t i t i ? m l t wttj ftct? f ? t f c ? t 1 1 ^ WfTtw t % : ^ t T ? f ( t ) - i i ? t f t w f l e t ? I
t ^ c t ? f c ^ f r o ?ew f ? f w ? t c t t T t f ( t ) wtet
TOt w t - R f w f ?swf tttcttf^ ^tcto W t - f t t f t f ?sWf
>Nt f e t t t t t t f i t W f R I ?TOfWff? ? R ? t t ? t T t f
f?ct?wtc? ?j?T ^?tf?t ?ft^ fwR f r o f ^ R t t t ' S l i t ^ f f f T S
(t)-if? t f t * flet? I t w f?we?? R t ? t T t f ( t ) f r c f t f r o
Wtft?f? t r t e s t fC?? t f t ( t l . ft?C?t i/OO) i l ? l f f ? ilt
ftesf? f f f t f ? Rf?? fC?t; 'tt?tft-fR"t? R t ? f f ? . f t t f w
fCTOt? t T O T O f f f t t Wt-?tttttf?-f??Tf*t?Jt t t e t f t t t f b
m I t f t ? T ti?5t? f f w ?s?t t R W t e ? f f ? ? t f | c t t (R?f?, W W f C W l
ftlW ffSCft?
ft?e?t i ? o f e i ? " T t t t f " f?ewi " W f ftttt" t i e f t w f w
f??tf" f f f w ^c?) I i t t ^ t ? TOft f f l tjiR ttw fi??|f|R I ^srt^ ^ T K K (,_^ 8 R < f r f R w ? w t f , t??
fi?f??if t t tTO,w?-tiw?f tr? tf? wt?j ?b?t ff??t f r ? fTtWt ( t ) - i l ? TOt C3Fftt^ RSF? t f T O ( i i i 8 i ) 1 W T O
tjiR R B ^tt ?R5tt t e ? ?sc?? t t t , i t wtttft? f t t t t wttt TO Rfe?? ? l f i t f l t ^ T O t w t^s^ I CRCTS W T O f f W w t T e f
Rrot-ftwtftt ( ? t f w; t r o t , o . i e i , W f t - ' W T O # < R bf?c3t i l t wet w R e w R I wT?t? f f w t t t ' w ? f R - t f W t f ?
[f. M, Saleh. in BEO, ?o (iJ1o) ?ivl 1 'W?ftt-fWft? I i t c w f t f i t t w ? t T T f f (t)-if? R f t e f W
f t f #t 8 ( i ) ?t'WRlf, R t f t f , ? t . , i ? o - i ; ( ? ) R-f^f, ffstfw^ "fsF I WfT? f t f w t f t f?fw ?1?? t f ? tw?Tf f i t
t ? T O , t l , fr?e?t iI(?o, i.<t-b; ( o ) Wtff, f?fTO, t l . t T t f (t)-ii? f i R R ? f f t ^ CtW W f f f W e t ? w f ^ I t T t f
fr?rc?t ios-Vis*'^?, i*!'-; ( s ) ftf-w, ttr?t, ^ t . , ( t ) - i i ? f R R3FW? ff?wet w f - f t twe?? w R ^
iCiO-oi; (<?) t l f t ^ , ? T f , .Jst., A.o(t, R l (.Js) f f f , I test f ? t ?t?lC? f f f WTC? I f f f f t ? W?WW ilt?if 8
t t w f ftfCff?
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Contents
w t f gsHt t f n ' w R f m - ^ n (nt)
(i) "wtf ntmwn ^ Atw iHtn At?s, cn ssn (A) Nssffs^f,Rsvotfn-mtif (ed. Wellhausen),.^. 8 A , offi t.;
WtAt? *R-ntn -a cn ntAf S t t ^ .<>RiilCA, wtAtcw wtAtn c^tn .(s) stnntft, fft i i i ; (ff) mmft, (wt^spfs) oot., ijsi t.; (b)
^tm A ? nft; ( ) cn % t f*tnT5^ wncn atcsn ^fscs, ( 8 ) wtn m t t f (wtssfs), fttft >a slts>f, in Sprenger, Das Leben
WtAts ft, cnt ^ nA^mRf, ( e ) wtAtn nnftn n f ^ n^^nn und die Leber des IVIohammad, it.,ffAto;( l )
wtctnn^ I Noldeke-Schwally, Gesch, d. Qorans., it., b-S>t.;
f f t s ftcn f f f i Rttcn t f n 'wtsîn (nt) nenn, "cwtms (v) A. Fischer, Die Wert der vorhandenen
fn^s-wrStnttcss W " ( A ^ S A ^ S ) , lat wtntwl^ ntfsn koran-Ubersetzungen und Sura i i i , in Berichte
A^nts n s 5iAr=# (n) ,ntm ntAtcvs wtcstAt ^fsnt wtAts fns^B- u. d. Verb. d. Sachs. Ak. d. Wiss., b-S), iô<i. Heft.
wrltnnnc^ w t ^ . s#cnn mi wtAtst nncsw -^cn wtAtcmc^ 2; (s.) F. Buhl. Das leben IVIuhammeds, p. 198. i
nc?tsn s n t nfncnn s nfn wttn ntn, viit ntAtevss wiîcn nsFst nttns'Q t n n t f R w i n
cwrsitciisc^ w t ^ n '^fssts ^gcstcts i^'*is wtct, cwtstst fs*
wtnts ^nt fsrnn '^fscs nt? wtAtst nm^cs nfnn s w s m t tnmn
c ) 8 (m) wtnms m m f i wtms apfs m n m ^ ,
sjfsn, <ptstffnw^nn^sfnmnnnt! w n n n A t n f (n) wtAtcffsc^
nwtês f w f w t I w t f ^ptm wtms S t m n i ît mesit Rfn nntn^
wtAtms ^[m:m wtn^ mf%s ^nt emtcn^ I wtn w t f ntAts
affm; f l e m i n f m s trtwmm w t n ctteas twf^ w f A t w ^ i
sfnn, ftn si (Jji.^:;)! >atsfnft t^ ftn wmtws lattc^
WtAts mwis mn ^ t s m fmw msw t f n ^siswt i wtms ns*infssf
mf%st wtfmt^? Nat St^TC^ ^ ntAts ntfnn A S I tsn t n A T ^
^ t n w t f ^[stm t f n 'wisfm-^nfns t n n Rpfwt t f ^ mmtn ts=T
atn^s tsssn m s latstn i t n n Rmn S ^ t s n tnAis'-'iis
SmsTt t s n ntnn t s n m f m t n n 'wtâ^ t f n - "wins t s n 'wt'?p
w m m s<Rf^pift cmn m S t n c ^ tsnw 'Swsts mgen
t s n ntfnss t s ^ - w t n wtn-wtnmtf i
wfw3fmwf5^ "wtssR" (i_i3) 't^ s#m w t f ntmn nmnft
w t f ^ptm (m) 'wt^tms f ^ m t e t s s s t m ^ nnes t n n t n
(n)-iiis atfw ws'^ a t ^ ^ i ^ ntmn n m n wnStf anftmsn
afAt sscsn i n m , ' m s f m > a m f s s f ^ . s i f t w w m n s s n f c ^ t f ^
^ - s f n s w ^ I Noldeke-^ liit nw sfmt i
?i|51.<=i?iA (n)-'as nft wttafAt sscm i n m f c ^ twf^ f s e m
w t f ntmn wg^wts snscn ( w t ^ c s ^s^yj^mw ^mnct) sm:ss cntmtT nt w n i f ^ ^fsms w m i wtatA n t m SP^^^TA (n)-'as
fc^ cmnmn nes m t nfsscw wtms cmntn w t f t s n ftmnc^ nft fwln-a n m attics s^smm ^sttlem i liiss liissf^ Sii^s S t s
f c ^ cafsn S5CS I iit sjf^c4 wtf; ntmn tfcts men îtwmen t m t m sTf%s n>ams Atetlcm i w t f ^pim (m) cn S ^ S t s
nfstw w I nns f c ^ mmmss nfsmcns ntntcn ^ ^ cn n m s f l e m Sm sT^âiA (n)-ias n t ^ i "wt^ ( m ) -
nsmmmm wtms ftn atf I J S J S A I S W I lat.fc^ wg t m ( t s n ^ ntAC^ n-ants f l e m i wtAtm tlntâ^ n m s Atc^flenn îs?.
ftrnn-Niis new <^ f m ) t s t sn cstct wtms A S I wtms mfnm mm S^ls sf^ sfsm t i t ^ bfnewflcm i n m mnîmA
tc3im wcs wfAis f f c n A ' t ^ S5CS mt I Smew t M sfscn WtAtm (:^)-^s w s w s t ssRnts t t m wtfnn w m îtmm wtmess n>ams
w#s w s ' ^ nfAs ^wc^nsf^ ntf^ ntAfcm cifnm ^ ntm f^ w n ^ m f ^ fncwm ttes t f f ^ mânts wtcsm ^msem i f ^
mf^m ens i w t f ntmess ft A S S W Âtmn (n)-ias '5.m nSm stf^mA (n) nfncm, (M^m wtms mte c n f t t f ^ n w t t e s
^fsm csmtw I i i t w m sitss wcsf WtAtess . .uîi 5Ji_^ s m m mi wtfn cmmem mte mntcss ssn ^ t t e f f t n t
'mnsntf, ATsifn-nTAtm, A t . , toos-ôff) i ^nfnwtrs
Atsie^ I mes cn <fii5i^* sst^ 'fmtm wtm nmnft (n)->as
tmt^Fcn wtmm t t bfnew ttessn i n f m tte ^ m t n tjes
mwtmews nen i>5itw i crs[ess wtet m^tem s ^ e w stfsm cn
m A i mnss ^ c f f l m s t s mnîiiA ( n ) w t f gmm (m)-c^
^ sm ^fsw I iissfm sstek cststts cnt n ^ ^nsm^g^cn nnts
T f f m n WtAts -^nitwfms; ^msm c w t r ^ i "^twrn ttn
#tn ^5tm WtAts nBts, I
r n m f c ^ wttafAt ^^R ttes^ m t i en f^tcten n t n
w t f ntmn fssfs n% '^rms, afgs fn^mi^, w n n -a cat^tsnstsn
ews wm n ^ w t m w m stf^:atA ( n ) ^jwtftnem
cmsssten t^Rtw ^^tmcA i wtms 'Swm stmnft (n)-iiis m
afcwjcsss n n t t s m t âssf^ w t t wtAtcssNa mn mi wtmcss
ssmtess tsntA sscs i t%f îmnf (n) f^tcmss i # m m t cntstt
n m fc^ wttatAtsstfcffs nest t t j w n i s s i s ^ mfss fc^vs
lscn 'Swm wtms WTtess wtmss fmt fncw sn afAt sscs i
sl^îaiA ( n ) wfAte^ n f n t s tnews ^nttwfmss w n i (t f t .
a j ^ t i t s (i) t s n ftmn, i t . , ^J*, A o i t . , A 8 8 , soo, sî;
sr^^mA ( n ) gnnmnetis sw ^ t m ^ f cttesrs st^^fmnmc^
(^) w m t f t , i t . , ii<ô, i ^ o 8 t . , ioAS>; o t . , A 0 8 0 ; ( o )
t n n t f fstcssts
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Contents
W F gror t w 'î<)R=i-f?ff R (ft) vsw) W f f?f?t t w 'Wtfwt-ftff"? (?t)
^ W5f^wm^ W T W T W R ROW I F L F F R O R S R T % wf f R w I wtftw wt, CWfWCt? w - t w t -a t w ? - t f w cw m

T F T C I ! ? I W T T W ? R T fftfwR W T L W T C F T T S R F T F T T T F ' f f t w m i WW?? R p t tWffW? ?ft?ic? I c? f f w f t ! ?R
W W tw W f - M W F T T W 1 W 5 F L ^ T T W W F W R citwww?w?rowwww?cwtwct?w?Ti?-w?jf? WffJ
ro? I FTF^st? ( T ) W ftttt ( F I ) - w C F ? trow1 1 W F T ftftt? f R fww?, cwtwct? W f cttw fffcw m i cwwcww
W W F
C T F T W C F L L C T F L F F W R S F T ? tftw -3 F F S W F E W T ? F F W T F T F T W w?it f R w I WW? wtwf? t R t w " (b- s ?1-?<) I ^

F T W I .at t f w t f t '^cf W F F T T F T ( F I ) - M w F T F F T W 1 Rft f W C ? ? f f f f W t ^ wttfw wtft ?? 1 ?1ffW? ( t ) W W t ^
T F T T W , W T T ? T WC W T W T F T F ^ L W ? ( T ) - I L ? F T W F T T F W T T I www (w) - m ic?flct? I fff:w fwf? f s R wttw f k t ? i t f

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T T F T C T W T T C T ? ttt? F F ? ^ T T I ? ^^w I I L T tftw rot? tc^ tc^ Tttfct W W 9P tjtft? fttwt?? ?tffw? ( t ) Wttw, w t f
W T R ? t w F W F ? W W ? W T T ? ? T F W I ? C W F % r w F F T F f?t?t? W.8W f f t ?tylC? I
F F W T C W T T W F F W T C W I W I - ^ f e , F W F ? T T F W W T T F F C W 5ftW i t f?? bftffww ?ftt?f f f f t t c w f w ? ; ^ tttww wtt?t
W F T C W M S . I L F F T CSTT&t W T F F , F F ^ F W T T T F W W ttft? ^w? W f fttw (w)-m?fw # i w ^w ^ 1 f f f tf? ?ttct?, w
T F T F T C W W F T T F W C F F T C W I L T L F T W ^ f R ? R , F W W F ? I F 3 P T ? WWTsf f t t ! twwt W ^ l ? f f ^ ^ (t) ffw f ? f w Tt wtw?
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? I F F S I T ( T ) C W F F C T W I T ? ttw W T F F C W F T T F W T F T C T T , C T? F T f W C ? ? wwt? w t t t t t t w wtttt? W f t ? f W W W W w t f
wtw? F W T W T T W W W W F T T T C W W t T ? W F F R O T C ? W T T f'w f?fW (?f)-m f t w # t w fttt? I wtf fw?t (w) i^fcs t t t t t ? ,

t s f f w t t I . A W W W ? w w w ft?ww w rot f r o W F T W T R W t w ?ffww?! W W ? t ^ < t w t w w w ?1W? wtft W? fRut
W I T ? W F T I ? ^ T C T S F T C ^ w I . A T W W v/h F T ? ( t w ^ ? o ftcwR I WffW^ ( t ) Wttt?, w, ??i m - f w i f w? ro
F T ? ) W W W F T ^ T T I ttw W T W J W ? ^ T W C ? T W W T ? ( t t f f Wt*tWft, T?tft-WTW, ?t., % ib-o) I
F T R T ( T W T ^ F T ) wfwt W W T F R ? I T F T W , F W T W ? C F W W F F ? b-t R. t w ffww Wff f?fW tfaRwfw witf?t row i ctt
F T T F W F T I ilt T T ? FR f t w f ^ F T ? ] T T F T F W T L C T ? 1 F C T ft? Wf 'Wt? t w '^'^^-'^ f W W f i t W f T ? TC, w f f f ft^-a
W T T ? f ? ^ ^ C W F F T T ? T F L T 1 F F % F R C W F F T T ? F ? T F L J F T fwf? f f f fItt? I WT?'a W?f? tt?Wtt W f f f ft fwf?
?t?LF|'=1 \ W F C F W f f t w ? C F ^ ^?t Rf? W T T C F F ? F ? F ? 1 I T witsf?t row t t , W I WT?t ff?w titfs?f f ? l ? t t l t t ? fwf? tlct?
t t ? W W ? ? fWW F ? T ? W A T T ?5ft ftfw W?1 wtft F C ? ? S f w t t ? w s f ^ I iitwttt R R "ttww t t R c t ? t f t t ? tft
ftffw ?tfr?ft|ct? I w?tfw t ^ WW wtft ?? I t f f i t t1t
J L X ^ I L O _ c I J I N I -> j i - J - J j - J J - J I J - S J J L T L ijj^^^j
t f l f t t ? I t w t w t f f ft ffw ?w w w f t t w ? ff?w
> f fi. a f tl
t l f f s ? f f l ? l f l t t t W t ? I t W ? t l t ] I f f i t twtw? I c ? t ? f ? w t ?tftw
D J I .-,
tcgt rot ?t?ilc? s

" . G ? ^ W W F W F C W F T T C W C T ? W F W ? F T F F ? F F ? ? = T C ? ,
T ? T ? F I I F T R O T ? T F ? W F ? W T I F T T T T J I ? S R R T C F I W T W ?
? ? W T T C T ? W ^ F F F C W ; F ? ^ W W ? F W T F T , F W W T F "
''WW f f f w ? w WTCW? t w c f t r o tR wtt "istfiflt"
(S. S i o ? ) I
W T ? F F T ? " A F F T L - A T C W ? T T T ^ T t
(iitifwffwsitfRct? ^ s i i v ) 1 1 ^ twtw? " 5 T C T ? f?lW t w
?lft, flwt t w ttt?jf 'Q w't t w wttf (W) I
W f f f ? t ? f ( W ) - m f f T W f f f t t w c twtw ?tt?lt? I wc?
^VvjTj ^ r ^ i u i i r^âicij. 'oVniV-, ^ i j ^ l i u i i i w ^ f t f w t f t f w w , fwf? T I W ? ( W ) - m Tn? f t t t ? f ?

t t t w w t row I ' W F ( W ) - m ?wn? f t ? ??? ' w t f ( W ) - m
.1 I ' J ^ I ^ I L J I I ; J Di^C < U I jljL I j
ffWf W t t t W t - W t ? WW F W ? m faj f i t , ttr? WW? W t
i f o ' ^ ' t i 5 ^ a f 0f i a .r <LUI 1 ^ f i t W??t? f f t w f f t t t t w '*ttRw I 'wT?f?-?t?'W? t f w F W ?
W ? m fta? f W wtw W ? i f ? f ? f t t w F W ? m f?jt f i t i i t
f?Tf? WWfWC?t F W ? ^ f W t 1 f ? f ? f ? W W ? W t f i t f t - f ? ? f
"C?F1T?W! "sffW W W ? F
W T T F W T ? f f f C t ? tft F F F T tft WWTW t ? f ? - f W ? I ?t?W t ? f t - t f ' W l ? (W) W T W ffft?
5f fffw W M CWWCT? WWC?? W T T T t W c f T ? F T wsf ^^RR ^ ^c^ F R O t w t ? l f f wt^t^t f C ? I
t t w f Rscfi?
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Contents
ffl8
WTM? ?Mnf? n^s^f T^T?MT WTCA WTM'^cwcA Rs? ^f?m

^QsiilW't I wit Îlfi4it s^ Aff^ R R J3st ^RstHw*^ I ?sw^RR^cst^ ntmRR^wR?H, n^NNAT^^Râfc^^^
Rf ^n-î? R R Râirmtw 4 R ? i i w S A ^ i siit'iaiA (f) ATMCA 1 >IITR? ncmtool?f R ? t f R5?<:TRRFT cRT^ <3 Rf%^
.'Sm? (m) ?stc R R s'Ri ^Rmc^n i ^tm? R ^ nRs m^mf? wtt Rcnn wtcA i tm mrn'o i8of& ^wtsstf??
5?tcwmfkS'Rl cRsiw ' w i ? ^ t ? n '^m ts^-tlw-wK, ?R5 %?tRRit cst?5 mm WT?rfn ntmA?* Rn i tm? ncsf
"wt?^ ?iA"mn t f n mfn t f n wtRm mtf mw t?n 'wmn t f n arm iie1? R ^ n R R s Ctr^ C?HIFCW "WT^ t f n wtf mmpf
Ainn, m'^ t ? ^ '^mmin, mnmn mm-wtmn wts'piA t f n sfn tnviAif (IN/IOT FWR^) n t # i w >A*M^N-"g3?5 ajr^ S%Ro
t f n mfn^, minn t f n win^[WtA t f n Snm, SmnpiA t?n wtf At?ic^ 'ant 'at'sR ^tm? ? ^ b?R4itiiii i cncnt^
mfn, mR nr^m t f n 'Smn, wtmn ^ tfa mtn, 'mtsgn n^mn ntAno ^ SmtTtcn? ntssnnm^t i tAtcw WTF m^c?? '2nR^
wtc?n, nrnnw af?^ f R m^'sR R*tnmc? NRNT?^ nfR
st^fit s (i) mtn-f?wtfn sstfn, v i A I - A V , S S io^; ( A ) ^mcAi
t f n m'n, miw-wmt^Tfn-^fsm, ???iw, m. R , on., ^^j. sei; tm RRwwtc? NNT nm, art?s-tnnif m?CNJ c? VSMNN^
(o) t f n Alwm wtn-'mtn?5intf, mtn-tnim, Rnn ioAv R , mR5j?s^ Rn, 8</ion t w r f ? cn nsm nnnf ?# Sm? ^
sn., itob-, ntnn ssvi; (s) tf^-wtftn, Sn^-ntm, c w ^ , ?#!itRcnn, TWR WTMCM ncm RRft '^TCN? w R m f Rcnn i
i o i i R. en., % AvsÂVff; ((2-) f ^ ssHsntf, Atm^n-mAmt, w^mcn R R titR? WSR Rtc? WTCNTAT ^m?NTFACNT i m^csAf
ntcmn, m. R., A t . , 'J. otoff; (to) AiRw wrntgjfn mifn-A"f^ WTATC^ ?IMFT <3 m f n m^f-'a? mm RMTW !=RCH? nc^ ATTFTN
^ ^ . 1 ^ , N5tA?^-Wtn, tssiw i8i8/iss8 nn, A i t . , >l<>RcH? mm Itmc? Scan *R?TCA'T i
J. 8b-ff, ntnjT b-ib-ff; (1) m t n wmrnft, Rsi^n-n'rAim, sT^t^t 8 ( I ) G. Lazard, Les Premiers poetes
tmm-t tnnttnmw, nnrnn, wi. R , /i n., 'j. A i 8 - A i i ; ( b ) persans.A C 5 ^ , ITTRN iSto8, IT.., S8-IATO, AT., LB-iA1
t f n mwm wtn-'wTn?sintf, wM^-^siA?^, ??nr5 iitob % , 'jMcw ^^R? ?BM? ns ?sRwtR w t ^ wgmnnA nt^t
i A t . , ^j. Ai8, ntmt iJso; (s) <^ cnn?s, Noi^'f fâ-wmrHn, An ?MT At?iCA I Smew ?sRg ntf^ nf?fbR 'Q AT^nft mi[c?Rw
nt., ^??iw, ios>ff/isiff nn. An., 8toi; ntnrr y, (io) ^ntCA I wm 5.; (A) J. Rypka, History of Iranian
wm-mmf, wpsffwwmnttn-niAtm, ???iw, wt. R , An., isb, Literature, Dordrecht 1968, Rn^ i
ntmt A A b i ; (ii) t f n R^m, mtn-%tfn-ntmRmt, m w nrnitn, G. Lazard (E. 1.2 Suppl.)/cmANn CVlvi^lW CATCNN
in nt., mm, i 8 o b / i S b i nn. At., % O A A ; (iA) tfn "HT^ ( ( ^ j L i >eO "^'NTN NTFT (IBS>A-IS>(2-(2- {.),
'wmRn-nmn, mtn-tmf'mm, I w , wt. R., sn., i i 8 o - i i 8 A , R n f n tbR's,n?5, mtntR?s, cnn?s ?sR, RT%^ ^^3Ris,mwm m
ntnn oi8s>; (io) t f n snfn, mtn-Rmnt âmn-RAtm, m ^ wmsmt'aRsrawMScatm w R ? # m R i
R^m mtn-'wmf, in nt., ioffi/is>oA nn, on., oAto; (i8) c?>d?if, ibSiA mRcn ^TNCMCW m, ^mscmcwt FWR
cnn?s, wtn-%tfn-ntmRmit. nm tAmit^-fnt^ wtn-'wtmf, attnR?s mm1n?5 9m atAt w n , wwgn? isii A 'RR'smmi
t??Rw, m. R , At., 'J. do'i; (i(t) wtn-mRf, Rwifn-ntnif,
wmncn? wm N ^ TNN ?fc?n 'ant cntmcn wjttnRmra
wfnt^- on nt, ^??iw i8o8/is>b8, in., ^. iess i RcR?WTCN FJ,TR w#T ?sc?n i >a?5t nne? R R cntmR mnn
v^'.wts^w^r Rsc? wtsif An lantnTt^nn n t f R #?n?t?m Sn? R R ?Tt?T?s
^ (^ ~ I ; j_,i) g nsnw Ooo/ WTN w#T?5c?n mm ^^tmn ntRsr ^^jfl? Sn? .nT? ATM? Rm
s>iA-io m?T wJjjstAt w n I mntf ?tw^4icn R R nntrn^ w I iSAA % R R Innc? ATWJTNNN '^Rcn wrmm w'i#?Rnjm
*c\^< wRmf nmnj ^Rcw? wmw^ i *wt<3ft? ^[mfn-wt^mn nc?nm ?NPF Rcmn ?MT A ? i R f NCR NCJF 1wR WMTM c^^â
sK%, Smn w t AtsicA, R R ooto/s>8i-8b m?T ^[wr?piRn ^ RC>stC4 ^w<s,m NTCNN lant ^ t CNTNTR N T N N ^ ,
wt'mfn ntntA'fnss nt^ntf ((^>:.iL.) msm w n I atî^ wtfn FSR-RT?TTR, ATN-^f ajRmnnmf aiR c?*T R>5 NTNFW? nfS?
^ t f n mn? (ooi-8o/<8o-<t8)iian Scti?^S<s,n^ w t A ? I TNFJ? A^ I WIAI ^tgt RR WTANTNMT^jft's m f n ^gwstcna
?sf?? # ? f m=m; R i t wtm nm m i wc? wtm? ^pRm WFCAF?M? WJTCLTCM ncn? (Apollo group) NFSC?? MFM? atAt
iMi'st'Noiw ntm îwifb^ At?icA mAic^ ai^?iii'i A?, R R 'ii?swn ?5c?n I R R t WTTCNCM NTN?s ntnRssncsr? ajRtt lant iSiOA
cnrnm? ?sR Rcnn i R R #ncn n^ mm-RnR? n i f n ?stcw I(i>o8 ^. n w tm iRbin-ti NSC?N i ^mw R R 'ann
^mR?H I mc?! "^z^ vm ncmtai RR Ni4 R^ afftw?;. 'mr Rm^
tnntf R^cmn
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Contents
<O0?(?), f ? T J i t

( i S O ? ) WT-15R'Ws?-1wt?nt ( J i S > 0 ? ) i t tl5R I f ? T ^ - m t w j T t t f % ' ? P t f?-wTO (is?<?) m i ' w t t f t - T T t t
W f *tt%f mt s R R , f r ? i t f f ?i fww 9m <i5W f W t t f f f fWt*t ?? W l t - f ? W T O f w Pt? w t f w f (iSi^îi) I
m i t w f i f ? Rtfrsj w f f w t t rort crot3R?t 1?ro

5Ft? wtf f t f Rtstt f r o w f-awttf? f t t f f t w , w f T t t ?
?Tftc ftw ftw rosf? ff% w t r o f t f w t f wfTS? f f t w:tj f TOR ^ 'Q?iwfp-w?it?t (iJ>?^), w i f ^ ^swfwwt
f f t t firot f r o f s ^ r o t w , tfwtws w f t w ?strot? w t f t w
I Wtf-W (bJsoo); W t f ?lf?-?tf (iJsoo, t t f t f W ?
(JiS)v5i);
f ? f f f f w f t w w t wttw? f?Wt fro ilt?if W 5 t ? W t f wwtw? f f t W t ? ) ; w t t t f Wtf f t f (iJsoo); W l ? W t t - f l ^

R W f ? ts^'lf? ?J%? f t w f ? W ? f3FWm wt? (ii5o8 s f r o (Rt?? f t t t ? f f t w t t f ? ) : W t t - W t f ' ( i & o 8 ) ;
? v o W ? W W
fft?w? f r o wt?? s ^ t t - r o r o ffw w sif^Rw ww W f t - t T O (iS90(f); wlt-?ttg?-Wf ( i S t e c J ) ; w i W f t - ? t

4 4 " 5 i I
W?, f3?W W t T f f W i t fR ih8b-<Si W f WJlf ?sRW f S W t ^ (wittroft%?t fttttww ( t t t t ? ^ :i58s>) i t r ? t f f

i S 8 ? ) .3
w r o 1fW^ row I f f ? fjp?it|? f f W W f W f wtwf?w w t t t f f W ? ffew i i w w f W f f s f r o wt?.s ffrot t i f ?

W W ? wytiw, f f w f?t t ? f f w wfti5? ( W S , ?tw row ?tt5Itt?l
m i ( R t f t w t i ? ^9m, is(Mi- wtt t % w t f w ? i ît f i R w t r o f ?ittft?? t w t w t f f l f f??tt? t w t f t i t t
wtwrt5?i? f t w f t w wt?ft frot? t w w w f r o fttw? ^îTtw wttw ?lftW ft?ttw, C ? t 9 f t ? 1f?wt'<3f wt?r? wfCf?tt f r o
.3
t w m i f r o fSwrot? fîwtfw? f r o t t f wftw^csf? fl?wt? tft f t f ? m i tl?tt w f t w w ? ?t=fr??j?ro f w t ? ? 8
t i f j t w ( 2 t f t w i t t rot W W T S ?5f^
w r o i f r o wftw?s^ W?W?, WW?T t t f ff"Rt-f^'W ( J i i i > ? 8 ) ; W f t t W f W f t
f t w w tsftw f lUjfif t t w ii?i Rt%fwr WIW ftJ
f t ^ (i&?e); "wttf? c t f (i^b); wtt-wtftw ( i i ? i ) (msft stff
f t t f t ? f f f w i ^ f W I W t w ? w f c f ? r o t?f*iftte^j - f f t ft-tfBj); t ? T O mstt f t t f ? W 5 f ) ; wt?Wf? < i S . ? i ,
( i S 9 ? 1 ,
ff?wi? f t ? f R f t wtt? f t r o w f f w t t w , Rrwws Wtwt m t t f l w t f S j ) ; w t t t t t W t ( i s . ? s , m t t ffwtfSj); Rtroff;'

wiwt^?stwt?-wiro f t w t f f r o t w %?tfww ?tfiwtw m i W s f t t f ? f? W t f - t w t W t t f l w - w t t f ? ( i f e ? i ,
f t w t , m ? f f m f ? f f 3 f?twcw w, isso^b-ii "wiwf" ( w t r o f W f t - t l t t W ( i S ? 1 , msft f f w t t t j ) ; t?tTO t t t ? t t - f w t ;
wftwf<) m i t w t l f W t t f l l ? f f w f row i w i f w r o
W W t w w t f t #t ftwttt, w??it w f f ? WW (mtt cstt
(>t3 w t f f i f f^wffi?" (g.)-'^^ wMwt wwtw ftw-wt W^) I
(strophic)-m t ^ f f t f ?J?ro f W t , f f f t t f f t ? fwR wtf f t f ? tiaFl^ trottf f ^ ct>8W i i t i w

f E W f t ^
t l ? w ; f f f t ? i ^ f rot tfs ff? iift t t w fitw

fj? t t ^ : m i f t t t ? cfwfl fttct? t w f ?jt^, t?cttw
i l t CW3I f r o wi?twtft-w?w (iJoo) f t r o i t t f t t t t t j I
fwR i l f W t f p f f I t f R f ? WIW-WT% .3Wt-WWt (JiS9?V)

I
W t f f f w t f t f w t f f w t t w f f ? w iifw? f t t r o w w
I
f f ? f t w w t I ctt cftwtw fwR cro'fft? wtw f f ? f r o

*ftw wtw f i t ? ' (ifsoi) ft^ trttrt ftwttw m i f r o fft?
?s,tw w t t - t t W f t - ? i f ? j f t r o t f ? t f f f w t t w w ftw
I
f r o ?i^-tlf1tW (ife?.b) f t t # w r w t f twtitt? t f ? ajfiw

TOI msft ftftt f w f ? % t w w ? w^-f??iw? f f w tw? ft4t f i w f t w f t ? t f R wt? t t a t f ? t ftfiwt, R f ? " t r o t i ? T i t
I
fWt f ? t w -8 w t f w f ? f w i ? t w t f 5. S. tVIoreh,
I [ i l t W f f w - m w?it?l-m f w t f W t ( i s s o i ) row m i wfftfwtw
Free verse ( j - ^ l j . M l ) in modern Arabic Shakespeare-m The Tempest-m i i l t t l R ^ f R t
literature : Abu Shadi and his school, 1926-46, f?t? t w mm w w r o t ? i f ^ wft^ i l f f t wtif^ rotttia
BSOAS, X X X / 1 (1968), 28-51] i ? f t f T O f J ? fit, fwc ftt?, f?R wttf wttwtS ttitwf^ ^t?ttw, R f w r o
f r o ?f t^ t t fit, f r o t f r o f t t w t f ? m t a t ^ f f iw w f f w t t w m i fttt f f t wttj? fttf? tttittit
fRw (Wffft t t t O T f < t l f t W f T O W t w f?Wtt?tf W t f f f f T O t w C?tt]Wl? W t t f l f I
f f t o
W ^ ? t t W f w t t ? ft5tm
I fWftw fftfwjtw
u q t W W attt^ S. tVlbreh-m f??^ Wft f T O t f ? fttîw fTO
(is.?8), w l f - W f l f t - ? I ^ (iS)?*);^,wit-wtwi%t t c w t f ftîtf^^^c^s (i)f?twwwtt^-fif?, wtf ftf f f t - f r o , '
t t w f ttfCfl?
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Contents
W I f t I M
mm %; (A) I. A. Edhem, Abushady, the poet. (f^Hemnten msms i5>8i; w t f t wn,mnnA S ^ ,

Aeritical study with specimens o f his poetry, Recueil des hlstoriens des croisades) i (o) wtftt
n t t t f e t ifeOto (o) "SAWf 'WtmrT--5FtmA' tmt%5l, fnntn^ (^ n t W ) , t f n wtnttwn mt ttemmnf^ Rmn
mm ntft w t f - t t f , wtn-t^nt^-^Rf^st, mm iiee i a t e ^ n t t ^ ^ (Ahlwardt, verz. arab, HS. Berlin, nt
wtmt 5.; ( 8 ) f f t f , DM, St., 0 1 0 - 8 (ar^nltnA); ((?) N. K. 5>ib-A; ( 8 ) 'mftmfn-mtwfmn mm, wtnntfn-m'wt^ men,
Kotsarev, Pisateli Egipta, nem i ^ i e '{., o i - 8 (mnem? #) i (a) wtmn f ^ ^ 'wtnt^-fn wtn-mnt% {f$f
(af^nltnA) t m ^ ; (to) ntnnt ntnnt Wtfttn, Trends and toso/iAse) ?5\|^ nmnft (n)-'ir? smtntn nfsw mwt? <t>Rî?
movements in modern Arabic poetry, nttcm mtnjt, m^Rif^ wtmmfmrtntn (mtRn, o i s i , i ) i (to) wtn-mti
ifeii An., o i o - b - 8 I 'wtm tnmt?n-tnnt ântn-Ai'smfnfl, fsro i o i o ft. i ( i )
mtm nl?nn (E. I.^ SuppD/cms n t ^ tnntn ^nwtntn f%wtf?n-'5wtmn fnf-mt^ ,tntn-wmRn-wtmn
^ "HW f^H^t^w-^ <u.uu 8 (at^tf^tw) I (tr) wtn-înf*t^-nt#n, m>Rtft n t n ^ n - ^ m n
wtfn-^^rtfnn 'wtsT^s-ntA'ntn t f n tnnttn wtn-nt^'tnf wtnn wtn-?sltnRmtaf^mmntns 1
>&f%At1nss,~ sif'S^-mf, <2-5>s./iq wtfntft, i A o o n t m tm mm tntw^ fnnm fnf^tw wtmn wnrtm nmt tn^'S m
TTttnts5-ii isfjjjfAt m<m I WtAts ntnt #sn ntfntm wtwnttAs An; W2rt<snt I mtn mtn #nftmen? new ;^>8fn wtmn sr^mnnA
( w n m nnn t ^ ntcs? wnt tnnmn w n ^ w n ânt wtm wttfw '^meA i
tnm? wn cw^ntmn A ^ S n n e ^ ^tnt? wtn-ftsnn n w sf^fdt 8 ( i ) ft^mw, in., A<2-A; (A) ^gfw'^,
w n I is. rnntntn, totoe/io IR, iAtotr nten wtmn tf%^tenn mat ^|?i4M'$n-A*e*Mist, i M . , i o ; (o) ntAift, wtntwtfn- ' A ' ^ I W ,
nts nnn fwR m f n m w wtn-^??fnmr ^ wtn-wttrntfrnt Atnnmmn, s n . , Ao-i; ( 8 ) m^ftft, t^twiw, in., sto; ( e )
mnmmnm w n r t m w mr ntw w n i wtmn n n n ^ w f s ^ t t Orlentalia, ed., J u y n b o U , A? A e o ; (to)
5#?t? nrr? fwRâ ^ twrmatn t?tn? t^^r^ t^^ttw % n n an?. Brockelmann, 1. ob-to S. 1, ddo; (<^) m. m. t., i t . ,
W I wtmn >tifA'sJ4if f?t^ t?nm ntfnit<3 tin, f^f ^^fÂtln'* bAJ ^ . o I
af^ s b H i t ^ t twR nm??s t i i R wwn w n i tnft WtAntn (E. 1 . 2 ) w t n ^ m ^
w r ^ tfw t?tJT a r i n ^ t n ^ n 8 ( i ) f%mf?-mwTwt?in f t
wtnmlnn-m'antmnn, f n ^ - f n rnnr^-n-^n? tfwmn (s^mmt
iAtrtr, iA5>A; Barbir de Meynard-fs W t ^ WfmnnA ^5iT^ "*tT?J^ - j - ^ ) s 8(m) wtn-wtftnift wtn-t^ i
Recueil des hlstoriens des croisades Hist, ftsftm nnntnmlt wtmntn mmf i atnitw mmf wtf, m t i
or., iv, V , mtfnn ib-JsV, iJsoto; E. P. Goergens-fwwnwf wtn-tnf (m)-n mmi tÂien WtAtn men? Smn nt'sm ntnm i
wn^'^'snntn Wfmn, Buch der beiden Garten 1879) i wtf mnm mwtenfwRstfmi I wtf fs'wt wts-mfnnewfwR
Wtfn fig Atew mSw lan?. tmew t n t ^ ^ wtn-^mfw? mSw?t5jfi?ilA (n)-'ii? ntAbn ntw ^RsitA-^.i tnn ntnm ftwtn w f w f
ntAtfen? wtRmn wtmn mn Smn O R S I C A - H I t f n m'n w#?i
w t n - n i n ^ - m f t t f n wi%wif?j mSw %nfw niniA'i-fn'fn^
e?n wtnmf mmfeftn. nem wtmm ntm ?#nteA=t i
^^sjcf a } - ^ w i n - ? s i ^ wi=^-'mf^'n nfSw ?^ nttjss nptitn
wt?f^4lM ntntn^ nftmeA i tAiew tfemnf ^mntgsRsi n^ntnmt wtf mnm wtn-t^'m^^ât^ (n) êw mfAn^tt ^Rnte^ i
AtstcA mi tnngtnfA ^mnw wtn-iptfn'n wtn-tntn t?gn-mmn, wtmntf, mmf, wtfn ntmn wm-m^sntf, t f n ninm
ittw tmmfn mm nnffw ^tsicA i (atate^twtnSffwatmnmen l^n i(AtRtA f^n t ? ^ AttnA-'9? neai wtmn tn?f5 ttew ?>ifm
WtAtn Seen? ntn Smn w n ânt wtn-tntn n j # 5 w m m n ^fsnte^n, twR nenn, m^âtA (n) nRime^, m mt^^ lij^f^^wtm
c^^cs wtmmn mm w f m n w t m rnnmn w n i (A) wtn-ntng, m tntm tftmA-'^n ntn^ stntn ^Re?, m wt^tew stest. <pRc<i i
wtntn-m^smtwTTH, f m t ^ ^nfe ntmtwn i ât atein sfsin wtt t f n 'wftn", wt^ ntmn wtff-mntf, tnn mnm t^n ^gntnmn
w t f mm at*ftm5 tnn tftm-wt^Qf ntSw fmwtfn-ntntm? tt%ew t f n ^ win if#tn ^ n4n ssRstem, wtf mnm nenn, mîmA
n^m ?>t?mc5n i e*t? ween fwl^ Rest atwj^n^ ftmm atstn Sen (n) nRintem, m mt^ tnntenn nft "m tntm tmft^"-n ntn^
ar#e ^fÂlRl4 wstT we'TO wt??5 y{i^ # ^ n i ^ c s f ^ tnm m wtîe atest ^^Rm i wm cmm wrsin s^tse m^,
AtsitA, Retnw Smn f i f t n wten f^wtfn-m^mwtm we-w (fnewn ^n?) wnm m i tnfn- m?sin-'an ne wtmn neg
w "s^êf (wimtw^ 1?witnn- -mfmnn; w t n - m f ^ , 'smn-mtn
t n n t f fnsemn
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W|'wm(?t)
f'wTff'w ( w ) - m Rmmwi WTf W W w M - t w f t ( w ) tttc? iv>9* (wftTct? f R f ? f t t i e f t w <'R<jie?-H

4iîPGwiiR wf%ww w f s R t f R n % ? R 1 f - H ^ t l M J w i t t Bousquet, Rtf-Wltf?, Bibliotheque de la
w w r w i c t R R tiRxph row I c t f t w t ^ k l w wtro rot w i i Faculte de Droit de rUniverste d' Alger, J1,*X1,
attt^ ' (i)t w T M ? Wt-*WTtfMt%, WT-ttWf, R t ? , XIII, XV, W t t R f I t iS>8Si-<t^) 1 t f f t t t t W l t - ? t i ^ ( f .
io?br R , St., i 08; (?) t w 'w?fRT-?tw, wt-tRtfwi?, iiîVi^îi)-m f f t ? wTiRf wfttw, f t f e ^ t i R t
R r a io?v R , St., 'J. i o o - i o i ; (\5) t w R'??l?, R w t f ? - W?Jt?tfe?? f t f g t t ? E. Sachau M u h a m m e -
tWt, TW^KtW (WtRtT!) iOS>1 R , x 5 t . , S(?.!s I danisches Recht, ?lfw ib-s>i 1
f t f # S ( i ) f t f t ? f t f t - W t f ? , ot., % (thir; ( i )
W l ^ - f ? W t t - f ? f , Wtftff-flRt?Tt, ?we?t iO?8 ft.,
rf^ 'mr<r ( . -t. >JI ) s ( ? T ) , w t - w ^ r t w t - -
8t., Ob-; (o) JuynboU, Handleiding, 0IS f.; (8)
w r t f t , R t n f I f r ? f f ?tw? t e s t ft? ?T I w t f
Brockelmann, I, SSi^ f., SI, bHb f. 1
f t f w t s - ? t w f t - i i ? T t f e ? w t f 'wt??-ii? t e s t ft?t ft? 1
J. Schacht (E. I.2)/f. wt?ft t t ^
t t t i f t , t t f t - f t r o i , t r o ft?wt f f t v ^ R T R f "wttfst? t w
f5n??-ii? feai w t f tit'^w wit-?t<#? fittest w t f 's'wrw ^te wit^ ^.gfT* f ^ ' M T ^W^W-^'Wl^ (5. wl?-?i??l?tf)
t-Rt f R i t e w I R i ? ?es?, w i R f t f f s t ? (^)-m R f t wtf??
wn^^^'wit ( L u l j - i j_>l) swt?-ttf t i i ? f ? ' t f t t t w
fQ=iit m i tT? f t t a e t ^tt? ?tf f R f 5 cwfte f i t t t f 1
?t'wi w t t - f T ? f w t t - ? t f t , f t f t ? wStf w't?R f f ? I f f ?
wgf? WtR wtsn? ctFrifef ftiswe?? f R t i t tT?i? ? i ^ fRe
o?/!4t flfe f r ? 9m f T W t t t i f w f fRff%f f t f e
wiewf fra=iiv) m i ftf^WT ( t ) - m R f 5 w t w f R t i t , t ? i
w i f f ^ t fffc? 1 te? ?? f i t e t ? tewef w t t t w R
?lfsist^! t f f l f ? t w I ? i f ?fi5 ?t<3St, ^ f l , 'wfiMit f f t Rr[
f t f t t f Cft? iitift fRi*R ?if f f ? 9m f ^ fwifsi ff?tif
f e w i t T f^ f r t ? #?c?? wf?tf? t t t t w R trtttit
f t ' ' # S (i.)tWTlW?WtR-'WtffMlf,WtR-tfT?t,Rf?,
t f t l f t e f??f% 4t?lc? I t?ft-f't?j-m ?"Ritc (T?iftw
i>o?b- R., St., 'J. i o ; ^ ; ( ? ) t w 'wt?Rt-?lw, w i s - t t f w i ? ,
i t i - v ) f f ? wtt-ti?f (i<?b-(Kf) #?? ftet f r ? m itt f?
R f ? io?b- R , St., 'J. io8 I
ffwiflcw Ri?t wtt-ttft-m wrtct ?e?if^ i 5 t ? t fffttflct?
c?sfte?tf? wt?i wtt-ft's?tf!ft (ô?-8 Hfb-8 i-*!5i>)-m f^ttitte? ttc?
w n ^ ^ * ^ - - s n ^ ^ ^TRtR (:^ j - i ^ j ^ i R f i t row I ilt t f t f R t wtT?j te? ?? 1 w t f t f ? ?"Rite
t
O;.^^ j ' j j - ^ ) s (?t^?rtw) t w w t ? f t w stR^ f t R t ro#R, f T ? ,tft t??tft t f f t - f w i R ^ ( f . iis>/vs>^-o) tf. t ? f t
f f f ( w i t ? R f ) I f r ? ff??i? t f f T T ? ê wtfsR ro? m i fttf???]-m t t f t r f ^ ^ wi?l? m i cfe?r<? ?jf%R' 9m
Ri 'wif?ifte? w f i f ? ^ rowiRR 9m 8 o 8 / i o s ? - o f l e t ?^f?tte f f ? wtt? t^?ief wfffi! ftct? ( t r wts? te?,
f t f t ? w?if?t row m i cftie? s o ?fe?? w R f f i s f t R t f f ? ^â^bbb te?? fe? ti? t5w?icf t w f?ct?; R g f
wtt? R w t c w I R R (too/iiob-<\ f t c t # R Ret?, R ? f T ? i j t j f tfsff wtc?, wtf. ^do/- b-^8 ttet f f ? wt??i?-ii ro
^fj? TRt w ^ I Cft? m t t e ? R R f t f R e t ? 1 R R t i f t ? f f?ct?) I wi?'a?te? w t f ?l'wt-m tft R'f?t ( f .
Wtt-ffT?t Rf-ttt?l? ?t W t f - f t t t 1 ? ?l Wl-lf f ? t t t f ^sb/bbo g.-m ttwti t w f ? tTt1t Cft? flew wtet t t 1
f t R t wttc?? i i f i t tiror? fett 1 t T ttct f t R t w f t f g ?f? W t t ft?, Wtt-WftW w r t - t l f f ( f . W t t T f i i t . ,
t i t e ^ m t r ? t t f t R j f .^RcT? f w t ^ H/i'o ^tc soo-)-? t e w f Rft m f t ffgifrw ff?i? w t f ?t'wt? t t t
i>o/is> ftf f w t r e fl? t i t j f w t i t itj fj? T ? WIT? mtt? ttaj test fRftew (fttitt, tWi. T?i?, ^'t., ois) 1
w e ? f f ? t S t f R o ?tîc? I t t l (wRw?e?ttJ) w f ? t t t ? t<? wf?fe^ w t f ew'wt ftf?? ^ c t f?f%ie?t f r ? t t t wi?
f t ft^, S. Keyser, Precis de jurisprudence W f t f t l ? tRft st I t f f f W f ? ?sRw ctft? f T ? w R
musulmane, iV(?s> =iltC'i't <3 c?leg i^^tA^*^^; W t t t r a t tie?? ftbft ?5f?wt? t e s t ?sR?re?? (g. Pellat
Wffit, G. H. Bousquet-f Abrege de la loi M i l i o n , . ibb) I fft wte?, ilt t t M f f r o t Rf?
musulmane. Revue Algerienne ^tc "'Jffwte? fR wtt-wRsr-m f f i {^dd/bbb) t f t e w f b t t row 1 cft
i^>0(f; f t w ^ ' t - f l f ? f f f t ? t f t R t W t t - f l f f ? (f. T?r? ,fa! wtft-tWTlt ti?t?, f?R f?ew<3 ii?sw? ?5R,
<5iv/i*i^) t?T <3 a f R f < w f ? l t L.W.C. Van den Berg, ooo/sio ttet? fe? tiwiet ft? row m i f f t t fe?twte?
t t t t f Rfcfl?
t.Ri/so
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Contents
wirnn mtfw wfwftt w m t wifn-wtwrn nssm^ w n i wtf stsA" nfittewt snntn ssfsewn I tsn'm'n t s n wtfs
nssn wm ^ i : w latsin msm nss, w i f m'wi A<2-<? mens wTw-wistfs ne ffntovftwfc nfnrn tf%snn sscsn i
nes 'ristw nsen tRsstn w r i ^sstRfs new fwfSf sjfsrts ff^'ffctis wnjw^ i
ntn^s fwf^- fms#3 aftnwr ^js^ ttntrs 2ffnf% ntw sfXt# 8 ( i ) tsn Atwts wtn-'wtnss-tn#, wtn-tmm, fnns,
ssfsmfenn, wmfn wtms ntsfMw Rn afsmw âsswn i n r ioAv R., sn., 1. i o i - i o ^ ; {^) tnn 'wmf^-ntss, ttn-
mnwtn 1 w i f ntw w m - ^ wtms s M t s % ^ f men' tmfwts wtn-tmsts .Atf*tstn, fnns, ioîr R , an.,
( R ^ i ^ , î'!') nW^ ^^rasts ^ ft"ms ^tssicA'i i m t m % ne ioi-ioA; (o) t f n Atwts-wtn-'wtnsstntf wts'ffw-wtAs'^,
wtms ssfswt fin cs^tn ftfws w e n ^ w n ^ , wen wtAts nfm, wt. R , An., sos-(8) msn -amfnSif^ wtw-twsfml,
nwmen fsmmn s^ms Sns cmn s m s f ^ nssns ncA i wtn- t w n # wptmts-fswtn, f^, wt. fs., boo \
wtms nnnr% smnrms wfcrsmn sfBw ^^fswts^ srfR fwf^ j - cAmcswSif^
fitmnw S M nRntem ssw^'sR ^ fsg^m'stss nm, tmjn- ^sn^Tt'^ ( _ ^ i ) 8 (m) wtn-wtnmf, mmf i
v[Hifcss fsntn Stne^ m^ wtw%i R\si lant Snn^ if^s> wcm:^ wtf m'^-'as wtf m'n Scan nfsme^ i wtms mn
^ n s fsR sMt mmew cnt mtsicn nnms mgmcss wnn 'wtfns t f n m'n nwtcs 'wtns t f n m'n i men snmnmfem
#snstm sffwssfnw -ststcA i ât n ^ ^ms tpmess wtms St^fs ncsj WtAts ntn Scan w AS I
wnm fnmtsnft ^ m n w fsstmet wwfsw ^^rise nm stfw ff^ niîaiA (n) ^^cw AJfA n-^ nsfsstem i 'Smm tsn
mfs5e=T I
ntnm, ssTsm t f n Atwts,; 'win^ mfnss' t f n ms^smn, fwtn
s t ^ t f t 8 stn^ mw S%f5rw smw s i # ( i ) w t n i f nt., wtn-mstf ar^t wtms. f n ^ ^te m f i fs-Gsimw ssRitcA^t i
?S?^, A A i . , i1b--S., 8A^-<?o; ( A ) ntSfntf, ^ônttmA', AIS.; wf?t^ ntm (smfw) mmAtcss ns'Sf w t s fnent nt^pt
(o) cnn^, s'wrsf, 8 o i n.; (8) n p ^ m t r n f , wtftn, iAt., A t f ^ wtf; m t n ^ ^ i n f ^ i wtf;.wtAntn ntsâmn t f n
Ai>>-Ao; (<t) îftsstn, ssifnn, o o ^ ; (to) m m j f , wimfn-wtftw,
'5ATmn-ias ^ wtf mtnj wtn-wtnmf ^te^^^ win,.fwf^
iS>e; (<H) f n w l f , D M , 8n., O W ) - 8 I
m^3^- (n)-c4 nfne ^Rntem, wtatA m'wtm winter 2tfjj^
Ch. PeUat (E.,1.2 Suppl.)/ s^tmntmgn-fn
fnntem cs, fwf^ wtnts Smews \o mwis cnK'Cf fsm ftmcs
^ ""^jaTii^* ( j ^ ^ >ji) 8 (m) wtn-tmt, ftwtess w t ^ fitest sssttesn, wpsns atR mwtscss <HO mwiess wm
wfssrf tnfwt cm3tn ntAtf i wtms ntcm ne^ n^mt^ ntn ifrm'wtw-iiis wfsssfs atmn ssfsesn mi wiem Rnms wratA
wtn-'m'ft'a cmn w t ^5t i t n ^ wtfts wt-w-tstfts s'Rrsfcw wtwtnt w?iRs ssfsm fnwlAjcw Nsn^tc mf<tn ^fscs-i i wwsts
WtAts mn >a sttwttnm R ^ n s t'sninfnn tsn wtntn tsn mns 'fl^ atcigs S^scs wtf m'^ wts^ winntf scnn, wtfSi sT^âtA (n)
tsn 'wtsf^-'Ssm i t n n frnns-van ne wtms ntn 'm'n t s n ^te tm Sfnn ssfsntfl vant ^^tnts sstns wtm nts^t ssfsntcA,
'wTsrs, nwtes 'wtn^-stAmn i fw^ m^ m: wtms ntn mfn i (fltmcs fwmts nfncnn I 'sttf m'^ nenn, stf^taiA (n) nftct
atnenr?? *i\sll>t nstfs^ stfn^ i wtfn ntm ssfsm ct#tmn nnenfs ntmt 8 cmf?c c!tmtm nts i
w t f ?3sisA n^ fswtss'jTn tnntn atAt sscsn I n^ fswesrs stîatA (n) nfncnn, wtitA wtwts, tm ^(Attwnem nttit;
fnsen n t f tm'wt cmcas nrns^t fin wtAts AC I wfrnscm (cs^Wmm) njtttes^s wtnm ntmm ^tnm ssfsn i
wtf "smnA' st^j^vflTA ( n ) -s t f n nin'%1 (m) ^cw wm tf^ ATwts S'ss mfcAs n<^ fatess mttA nfnnTCA=t i wistmf
A t f A n"^ ssfsmcAn I mR t f n 'S^slss t f n '5'tn, wtf wtf m'sm-'iis fcai Sfaf^; A i f A fsântstw ssRmcAn i wnra
^ n t n wtn-ms5fft, w f n tpi m'^, fnlsn >a ^gwtn t f n wimstf ssw^ fsTsfs ^ s f ^ last wtf WtA'ntn wtn-A"tf%n
wifsm-wt-asft 2t^n WtAts fn4& ^5te mtfA fs-amntw s#?itCA=t i s s ^ ^ WTf wt^sm-s ^ nf^fw S'^ AtfcA wrf m'^n
fmft's ^nfnn tffe^p s f % wtcA, m f n t f n 5'wtfs'ms mnntncn wtn-wtnntf-las ^ wTf m ' ^ wtn-mss-ias Scat w t
n f m s n=ts 'wtms t s n m'^ wtn-wtmiR nnn nm wfwmn AtsicA I nfnT mfcssm liit 'catf%wess mncn stf^ mw^n
catsets 2 f f R afAt nRntfIn wnn wtf ^ S T S A " 'wtnn t f n wtn-mtmf, t f n mfjm at^t ^[Atf^ ctesrss s<Rtess aftmm
nf^-iiis fn^ wtsn ^fsn, wfnR ên wtfn lass^t mf^ n^ftt fmte^n lastwtn-wtnntfs wtn-ttss Sms sjtttes aiH sfss
ssfse m t 8 ^tAtem ne^ ?ss ns wmn ( n ^ ) n??mw s'&tem i ssRrte^ I wtmm wtf m ' ^ wtn^ trss-Nas ntn mfn nfnrn Scat
'wtnstsnm'^ w^[;scs sfnn, fmw A t s m nft^mwntncss ssfsntcm 'ant mens wfsstf mmfem wtRmn wtms Scat
wiasoismi ^fsme^ni
t n n i f fstesstn
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Contents
W f t t t w twt-f'wigr (?t) W f trtw!!?!! (w)
s } t t # S ( i ) t f t TtWH W t - ' W t f T t i f , Wt-ttTtt, f t t ? fwft, W . R , 0-feb-; (.8) 'WWW t w f t ?t?CW?Wf, fWft

i O ? l r ft., S t . , [ . b-tr-b-S.- (?) t f t ' W t f t t - t H f , W t - f f ' 1 W , f w f iJ>b-i i t . , bi(t; (<t) t f ? ?'fwt?
t t f ' W ? , ftt?. iO?b-_ft., S t . , t>i-5? I wt-'wtwtwf,' Tf?^-t?f?, t f t t , W. R, ? t . , <3.
C?tIC?tft S ? 1 ; (b) t f ? R ? ? I t - t f W f ? - f ? f T o , ?I??I?IW ios.1 R, ot.,
wrt^ T f t * ^ wn^-wft^Pft^- (B. w?-?'^tft?7t) ^. S<to 1
c?tte? t f ?
(?t), Wt-W?tlff ,1 f t w ? wft?lf t1?lff fliCtt I t?tf??5 fiwiwltj wft^ -^flfR (f. ^ t t t w m )
f g t w f w ? w t t w t ?if??, t w w e ? w t I f t w ? W t f w t I wrri^ft'ttT rtw-'*<l^V' (,,.i_,a. I) 8 i S f
tlffwW S ?Tf?? t ? f ? f ? t ? t?f?t-f'WW t f ? W-sW? t f ? WoCf? f^fWe?? w t t f ? fbReWftW I f5 w t W f w t w (WWW)
?Tf?? t f ? w ? t t f ? WWW I wrrtw f w ? f'tw? w t ?if?? W t - ' ' 4 | l f *P t f ? w f f,?i? W t - t t W ^ f Wt-WWf
f "WW, Rg t w W t t ? f t - f ' W W I Cf? Cf? f ? t ? W t ?tff w t - ' w t f t f f I W f f e ? t t w f b R i w a t f ?bw f e ? ? i
t ? f t - f ' W W ?1tw t e s t fRiTc?? f f f i t w R ^ tc? i ?|R f f t f t - W t ? 1 f f - R w (fbReW sttsf); ^ W W I f t - f I f ?
t ? ^ - f " w s t WW f%3 iJ?5W? w ? f ftct? f?t? ?t? f C ^ W?Ittw (?tfc?? t t ? f tt), t f ? f t t ? "ftw" ^5if?tf Rf^t I
? ? t f C ? ? l W?Wf?fWt
W f w t w f i c t ? f ? t f cwca? w t w f f w w f f I Wf w w w
I) s t f ?
cwc? f ? tf? t i ? w - w ? w w f w f?? f ? f ? l ? w t f 1
w t f f , w f f t ? ( c t e w i e S f t w ) w?itfl?f"*te? t r t R w , f .
f f ? W f f W ? ( t ) ?tcw w f ? f R t ff??tr?? I ? ' t f f t f ?
ioQ-b- ( f b R l W f t W , f t R t t ? f b R W W T 3 fttIt w t f
' W f t t t t m w tf? Wt?t aff" f ? I ? f t f B ?tc T f ? ?'Rt
tf?we?? t f c t ? m i t s ? G3t t f f i t t f t w I ftt? ? w i ? f
ff??TC?? I f t t f f?i?tfc??tf?tcstff??tc?fI
( w ? f ) csm*\m ?j?T w t f t f f ? ? ? t # f tfff?it T t w ? I
W f ttra-ii? WW W f t t f f?ci>s ? i f ? ^tc f ? i ?
f % f ^ - t t t f - t w ? w R w t f C2tte?tt t w f f mttt? f t ' s
wwf ? ? H f???ft f - # 5 T C ? 2ff?W? ? ? S ( i ) ? l f ? tf?
?bW f c ? ? I i i t tt??te?? w t ? i ^ s t ? t M ? f?tjt ? t R f?ct?
'w?fw? ? t ? w ? - i i ? fca W f R t fc?t, W f w t w trt?, w f t
^ f i t t t f ? R f f t t f ? w t f f , b - t W o c f ? t t j w e t ? fttit
WW wwt? f R : f ? W t 1 wt? W f f W ? ( t ) WWCf Wf fwct? I
f b R l t f ( ^ # f f? WtWtW) f i t f f t t f ? ?ttf3 ( i f f f t - i l ?
w R wswtti ? t f t w ? (t)-ii? wcf Wft fwc t t f l w t w I
Cf3i)-tf? w w t ? < l ? t t f , T?if?-?tfW Wtt-WfCt? f b R l t f
W s g t ? WW Ct? f R i t ? t f f W ? (t)-il? R f 5 W f t W t I ?tft
f?Ct? ( f . b r ? b - - ? J ) I
(t)-il? WCf W W W ewe?!? ft?t R s a t W ff?Ct w f t WW
Wt,Wf?fCft?
wwt? f R W I w t ? R w w t t i t w t I ?r^(W? ( t ) ? R c t ? , W W ?
v s f W W R tet? t t t , W W ? ?1ft ? t ? C1WCW? W ^ fC?? Wlt^ 7tt*T^ ^ - t f t t t ( ^ j ^ l J J . >^l) 8 ( W ) W.
t ? c w t w W W w? (?) ttRw-ii? fC3i Wt? tf? W'w ?'Rt R . f . i o (?), f , 18 (?), f ? W ( t w t t t ) , i l t w c t t f f ? tt?tb;
?5c??, W f w t w t ? ^ f ' W W ?ct?, W t w ?if3W^ ( t ) - i i ? fct W t w x f t w ? W t w R ^ (?t), ?s,t-tftw W'w t f ? w f t f t f ?
^TWC? t t ? fRott t ttfwcw? ftfB fww WWWWftCt w t w fttt? t f ? t ? t ? w t f ? www t f ? W f W ? ( W f W ? f?ct? twt
t t ? WW w w n i f R o t t I iifW W t w ttfwcw? ftft fww wet ttfbW iJ?S, t T ? i l t W t ? t w t w ? t w f f f ttttt?
w R a ^ f t c t ?t'ppt? (t)-cf f t ^ tftt cwf^tc tttwt I tc? t i t R ) I t f ? "Wîf t f ? T f f ? ? tft?t-tt??TSf ,WW? w t w f w
tc? tt?Wt, Cft? f? f t t ? tftWC? tWb? 1 W o s t ? cttte? ?ttW f?? w f T t t f w I wtwt fttt? t?W2ftt? f?Ct? i l ? l WW?1W w t f
wtwt f R i t t 1 w8t? Wf^W^ ( t ) R w ^ WW t i ^ ft?et? I i f f t t f'f^ f r ? f i t I f r ? f t w W W te?t m w c s f (^?i.
w R w ? w ? W f t e f ? fwcf c w w ? W f t t e f w w f f ? i" fR {.) fTst?e? t t w t st?t ?5t??tf?ct? 1 ftw?e? t t ? i t ?
WW t i ^ ct? ft?et? I w f t W W ? w f e f t f t w t , 9m ^te fe? w t f w ' ^ (W)-ii? I wm t t t j w t ? t c ^ t ttwf
W f c t ? w??et? f e ? t w w t ? i f t ?tw WW t f f W t t i t R R C f f T ? Wt?-ttt? ?t?lfl'=i i
f f ? ^s ?t? ? ? t f i c t b8 Rsff te? t R t t t fc?? i Wftwew t ? f ? t t f t w e ? wtTcw? test wtf (W)-v&
sf^t^ 8 ( i ) tf? T t w ? w t - ' w t w t w f , W t - t t T ? t , ftt?, W?,ff?t f t f w t l c t ? I t^CW? fC^ (o/v!5?8) f f f ?<3?t? WW

io?b- R , S t . , % b-b-; (?) tte? 'W?fwt-w?? w t - t t f ' W ? , W f ? t?fie? t t ? f t f c t f t ? ? ^ w ? w ? t T t f (t) f w w
f t t ? i?b-R., S t . , J>o-t>i; ( o ) ^ s W f t f ? W - t ? f f , f c ^ w f t R cw? tt? I tT? f f w t t R f (yn) i j ? f c ^ f f t ^ 1
ttwf fffCfl?
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w t f m t n t ^ (nt) 08o Wtf n i ^ 'SRft (nt)

wtmwnfnctn cmn n ^ fin m i w t f^fwtn wnwrncn w t f wtms ^ FT f l e m s ntnmn fmw ^ ' s ' S ^ 'wrsfâiA fm
m t n (m) n ^ fsm?f m?sn i nmnf (n)-iira f n ^ Rimftmn 'wtsfnwtAiwtmsnmncfmmn 'wrs^-stAmn, A m i M*^ i
t ^ nnfifcn nnn s#cn fwfn nmnft (n)-c^ nRicw cmcm, w t f MTN (M) wtms NNCSS wmn e # > i < f l A flenn i fwf^
mf^ wmn-wnT5cn n f n ^fmm wtat? wtmc^ snrnn^s ^ m c n ^ "srnt NMNF (n)-(as fns^S F F 9m nr ssfsmflcm i w e , s s ^
s#c?n m I w t n w t f n t ^ (m) f%5 m mftnit fs#5iT wtcnn ânt sf=f A t f e ^ nttji i i i o ; FTTF ( S ) ^ n f m (S) SCS wiAiem
wtmn S ^ fnsRf s#m nmntn wts w n i f%^fnn nest fwf^ ntssnen (ntftmm) wrms s f ^ S^f? Atf AC* m fnntem i
winrnncm wmwsf i f f sjflicw nfsnf't m I 'aw^rifw FTTF (S) wm I^f? ^ n f m (S) w m eAf? mfAcss
nnsinn fwf^ cs fmfwmcsT nsR w n wtm fin ntf ^nmfnc^ wtAicfrs ate? iwgwtcs nf|csf% ssfmtc^N I ASSW t > # (M) MM
f s s ^ mn^sm (e/toAto) I fwf^ WtA'ntn, ^'msfsm, trams, n ^ # m NFN ftnsimn ^les fncmfw f l e m i wtms f ^ f w i f c m
Iswcss wfwsR, ^ntsn, wtfs*, wtM3wtn twjtfn cm^ iAf? mn^nts fw5 NTFîmt tifssw I
t f s s flenn I fwf^ fssf nttis5 mfem [nmnf (n) T?it cs wfwmcn fwf^ fmscs n w j s t ^ ssfsew^ i -g^'wifs'st (M)-'as
" ^ # 4 Hcnn m, (g. fwmn)l-cwN8 cmnmn s m f l c n n i âwts f^tntwmen nsnrcs nmcw ssfwts R^'wiw (g.)-'as atsm
nmnf (n) oo ^SR m m f s m f s m t n f n t s mftes catsn Amn fwfn FN ^ T S wt<PF^ ftsns ssfsm mfntss sm mi
s^cs^ I w t f m t n (m) flenn wtmcm nnnfw i m tntes wtmem ^'wtfs'M (M)-cs5 7 [ v s f w n i W F n w j atsstets nnttes n m n f
ticms w m s cnm cnn i wtmm wtsn. nmcws f f w w^mft (n)-'AS fm^ft t m t f n t t m ^^fsc ttcs^r MT n f n r n ffn ^st
t f t t i ^ lantsts cntsjcns fts? csiAntnmfs mfs ^^fscn^, f ^ 4fsc't! nra^ssT^ sifms ap^n^ trmsstcn stmt fwR wtAm
ssrsssntets nrnenrnm wtms n ^ T T ssfsewn i lassms ms^mn'
mm f t f w -^tn m i <itnn n m wtmens ctiastlw ^'f/ff^s^ iitets
t e r n t ^ fne watm ^tem t e r n ntntes f c n i W n
csnntn w R ^ ^tn, msm fSf^m nc^M3 wtms mm-csnm
ctnt^F (at nen w t s m m f e m nft w t f m t n (M) atfwmn
i f i w ^ nms ^tn m I w t n cttsitfwp mmfem R ^ wtm A S i
sscs^ I ifftwm WtAtess fstcn<3 tlwc Atstfin i
w t f m t n (m) sfnem, "wtfn tms wtfn, wcs wmiwsc^
fwf^wf nAW n s n # m MT^ fen i c ^ w t m s stfw wm
oof^ c m ^tes i" wtmm n t f ?tn i fwf^ ^ wm-*pifÂl
gpHn W F T M ffn tmt <t>Rc'( M i fncsts î^cws stfw fwf^
t f ^ ns,f*tw ^ wtms m t i t m c m i nesf nesf wtms n ^
c^TSST f l e m I t s r f f n wnmn s j f e e m w f i fsos mATsr
m m 1^ ^ ms I nîfwAi t i c k ttfssifmsstct cmfn atAt ssm
ssfsc^ I cmiS nsm, n^n mm (n)->an ^g^tews
tns Aten f%mât fsncs m m f e m ncm nwfscms citt c m i
w f n s t WtAm # s c f t s b m t s n n ^ f i n I
itf-tis stwTtswcns t s w t f m t n (m) A S S W (^)-ias f n ^ s5mf?
AR?T#f s ( I ) TFN FTTM, FM, MWM'wt s[nwwi wtn-MF
nr<? w n i n m n f (n) f%sAtcm nfncm, "wm-'mfwAt cs
wm-Ainif om wt^STLWD, boee/iSioto, OT., =5. v e ; ( A ) wtA'ntn,
(sfiw--f^) ftmcs ssrnssf tm f f n fsssret wif^cn? '^fn f^^t ^pmtn, wm-mssvom wm-TNMF, tssjw iovs./iitoSi, OT., 1.
ssfsntA I em'sfn n f t c m nesj s ^ ssfsm m , w m wimc<t> A-S.V; (o) TFN 'wmf^-mss, w m - t m f f w m (wm-tmrn-âs
wtt fn i" nftw l a w t "^SW), fnrn ioev/IS.os>. At., F 88; ( 8 ) TFN
fwfSf 'Sms (m) "Âmn (m)-ias f^tmstw ^tcn ^tfms Atwts wm-'wm^Tmf, w m - t n t m , mwm'wt wm-M'WTM, f m s ,
îp^Sls sstw ^fscw^ I 'wi# (m)-ias nesf mA^M3sm ( o t r M i r ) - attn ^ T i o A v ft., At., 'J. o e , îFfnss n t t n ois.^; (a)
(is f c ^ fwf^ w?tst^t ^msstflem i fwf^ ^mim (m) ts.l-'as stR CNT^, wtssitf-wtAs'^, wm-msswtm wm-TNFNRN, NFM, IT.,
nm^l^ffwfn f l e m mi wimc^ ^ mtcw f%css ^^fsmflem i (. Avi; (to) t s f n - w t f t s , w r s i f n w m m t n - n t A T s i , MTM
' w m g ^ t f n fsms (m) l:5.]-m fwt^ mfss f l e m i m f e m wm-M'wifsns wm-f^wtfnm, Amnstmn, mf^ttj ft. i o i e , IT.;
(1) cntss, wm-gmn FT wiAsffsn-tmm, msswim wm-^^NF,
cstfsw cnrnntftf too/jjiro nten n f m wtstmt'^Rm w t m cs f m n
wm-ssiftm i o e i ft., IT., ^. OS;*; ( v ) w t f Mîfsm stA'st
A m i ^ t f 5 ssfsntfln mm oîm w t f m'^ (m) n^tA An *as;,
wm-NTMN^, fs$wm wtAS^ffsn w m m , ed. Wustenfeld,
tA5i tfsnt s s f s m . t i A i c s s 9fs ^ w t m cm i m f e m
Gottlngen 1824-47, % I A 0 - A 8 ; (s.) M ^ w t n m f ,
liiss tnR^ wtAte^ wistw ssRcw Sm AS; f ^ f wtms t R ^ tttm
fnms-t wtnms, ms5n-^[NIF^FTN, w f w t n t w II8v, IT.,'
f ^ AS I w w s t s WtAtess tAcs f w i t m wtm ^tn âs?. m f e m Aoto-ITO; ( i o ) ^ t m n w f s ^ - s t f N , 'AifA' ntssnem tfwmn,
^wiw (wtftwT t t t ) atAct mm w t Aa I MM âsstevsf, msst IS>io, j. Atoe; ( I I ) n t n s ^ "wm-wrsf,
to8/toV8 men (fgne I 8 M A men) fwf^ n f m s tf%ssm ' S n m ^ - ^ , IT., F. ITOI I
sscs^T mi mft mn^ ws^t^n wrmess ms^ ssm A S i la. 1?. m. gAcnA^^
t n n i f fstemn
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w t f Rt'*Tl WIW-W1% 08i wtf t t t t t w ^ T ? t f t wifft-tr?it
f r o f^twf t t f t t t '?tr f'wtftrotrwsi f w t t f t f r fffc

t t f ?t I
WtR-^f?Wtf f . br8<^-^, ftftt cwif^ftt ttf^tfwf;
ttmtct? wt^5tRtTt ( t i w f f ) t?rtf f f t t t w t t - t t f t t f
t t f t - ' w i w % f%tj 1 f t f t w i t f t f w t t t r t t f c f e f T f t f
f?icf f f w t f t - f t t t f ? T r o t w t ront wtt-ttrntft tc^t
f t f ^ t W t f f ctt I wt? t f t t W T f t l t t C f flfiTf4 f t t f f
tsuratt (ctfffS?nt) w s r o f*fc ^ f t f t wm f w t I
ttstt ft'Sfit wtttt ftfTtf f f f t f f t f r t ? w f f t r t t f r w r f ti^=f t i t f
f f f r ttfw f T O I i l t t w r f f f t f r o ' f ? ' ? t m i f r o
wtsjTttw tt*jro Cftt f f t ? W f f f tt cttt t f c t t f f f f r o t t r t
.JI ^ < J J I J-Ai) S t r o t ? f f t tl*tf;(i)-^ptWlt, f ? t t ^ fffr t t r f t I w R f f t t f t - ? t t t r f ? f f f ? t? t t t f f f
o<tHh wttfw t^ttiw^ ctwttt ( t i c t f tt?i?itt, ttrtr t t t f t ?t?t tRrt ttt w t f t t t t t t f t t c t w t f t ^^tro
t t CtTTt) t t t f W^ I Wtff<3Tftt <3 t t W t t - m t * U t f f w f t ? t t ? f f r o t fffc titct I tTtfttt f f w t t - f t r f f ^
t r Wtft I 8 f t l t , 88o/i? Wff?rtff. io8Si WttfCf C t t t t W t W f t - f T f r t t f f r t f f t t f f f w r f f t t w f W t f W ?? i
f t r o f f t ?? I ronw m\ f f t i t - t ft^tt w t f t t t t t t t W T ^ - f t t W - m f f T ? f ? t ^ WW ? t W W f t f # ro i l t l
wtttt-tttt t t w f r o t i f w f ? t w t t f t w t f ft's?: ctttct w t f t - ' w w i t w t t f t t r o - m w?bcf f f f t f t f i f t i
f w f s t ? t t t w t f wiflf t t t w t f t t t t t t t wtftt-ro? f r o f f f <3 f r f f r o f^tfw f W t f e w I t r o f ? w?ifft w t w r o
# t f f t f f s r t r w I ivisSi t r t ct^ f f t t t r o f f v . f T t t f f f t f w (^ t t r w f S W i t R f W t f W cwrst trsf t r ? )
Zhukowski f f f fWtft ?? (Cihil Makam-f^ fff f W f i w , f w T w w f f f frfnt w f f w T f f w c f i i f t ^ w r t
t t f t t f f R t t I t t # r t t ' g f f f t Aya Sofya 4792, 29 ffcttfw f r ? t I fR f t t < 3 f t t < 3 f r o t f f f w t t t f j r r i f f f t
Sb-iis, 8 ^ W f T O t^Stlf t t f t t J t t t t l t w f ? ^ t f t i)d\r g.) m t t w > t ^ < f f st5f W f t f ^ ffBitc?, w r o f t t f tt>s
ft^ c t t w R bibicî f t f ^ t r o t t f t - f t i < n f t ? t f t w t f fft R f t t f fttft?tfc?, f f r f t ffw'-t fTO-ii w f t t ^
t t t t "wttro^w-wt^t^ f t t f t t t t w f - f t t t w t f t t t t t t t f ftfrt 1 i l t t f R "^tro f f W cwt c w t t t f f ? i r f wfwro
f r t wt?<3 f t f t w i r t f r o f t f f t t t f t r w i apltfef ftgPiff? fwn*trt ft ttffr ctf^rwcw i R t f w f - c f t t r t ? w t f t r ?

tfe c t ^ f f f t f r t f V. Zhukowski f f ^ t ^ tWtfw ttfitf ? f f ffff-ff ttrt? WW w f f s R ftfct I iiw]f f f f
^ r t cw^ftrt t r f f # ?? ( i o i o H. Sh) I f f t t l , , ( W H f r o f c f t r f e tfsft, ctwt fR<3 cft f t f r t i ftwtrt
i o o ? H Sh (quoted as AT) Skutari, Huda'i, Tas. c5it ftw tftrt w m i f f s ^ w t r o f f r t W; wtw:
ftt<3
238; Istanbul, Shehid All Pasha 1416 f f f f f # f ^ C f t t m f f ' W wft titct I C f t t w f f f w t t t c t t f f f
a.) 'wtwt? f f s t w f t f f f t f t 'wtvsftft w t t - w r f ff% ftro^ w e t f w tttc?, w? f f ' f ? W f f t f i r t trttcttt f f t c i ?
ttftrtft t t t c f R i ^ f t t t f t r f t i t ft^RTf roro rot wc? f f f f r o f t t fttt t ^ < t% wf^tr? 1 i i t t R cwt cwt
^tttr? 1 WTf t t t r f g ffwt? t t t w t f t x t m ? i f f t ^ t ftrapt t t f f f t f r o t t c w c W f w c t t t f t f f f ? t w f f f r
f i r t t 1 1 ^ f?c? f f t t t r o t f i t f ^ K t f ^ f t w iittlw f l f fttfr? w t f t w f f f B f f t t f w l t r w f t w s - f f r w r t t t t
( t t t t ) frTt tr=ro% f f r t x i f f t ttrtf'Rtwf c t t t r t t r o W t ttfw w t w : W f t f f f w ttffr? 1 f f f wr?, W f t w
farf ttft fttrt 1 w t f t - f t R t ftfa-t f t f t (f. f f f R f b f W W C f f ? t ^ f T O tcRCf wdm f ^ w t?ttt
ovo/&Siio)-ij?i ?trt WTf t t t t t t f f t i f t r f ? f w t f ? t ffWtC? Wat bfflf f i t ? ??t t w f f ? t f t ftff?.tWf
:g>^ I ^5[i<pr- f T t t t f t f f f t t f t t ?tbtt ftfr? I w t f t t t t t w t f ( t ) - m wtt< tffffwr? w f t ? t fffw
tffitt
S^'ifiw f r o t w r a ct t f t fftt t ^ ftfct, ctt'sft? . w t ^ R fcbfg ffcttfiF f?rt? I f r o wfb?rt t r o f ? ^ct
Wfffllft WTft-f t l t t - m I C t t f t f t C t w t f t t t t , w t f f f w r t ? wwfwf cf?w w f i w T ? f r ^ c t r o trww?
'^sd-^nst^wtt-tiff <3 W f t i f r o t - f t f f t t (^. 8 i 1 W t t - f t f , ( f 5 t t w - t W f f f t ? ) 'Q?^fltw t t t t fffr t t r f 1 f f ?
WTttf 1, o t . , iSib-?oo)->lt f t r ^ f t f f t f f f ? W*lTlt f T W I f t t f t r f WTTO ttr fW ?5ffr?; t t t w r t ?ttf ct^w,
f r o t?ftfOT?. trtT t t l f t - r o T t T W - m fft w t f t t ? I ^ Wlt- cfttttiw t t f ^ w t t i l ??r?? wfiffc f f ? ?Tt'^ fiRc? I
^ < 3 r o f ( f . 8ob- f t . ; w t t - f t f , o t . , ? o b - - i ^ ) - f I c t t 1 ft w ^ s f f ^ i T^tf?rt? frbtt ftwr? f ? t ftfrt<3
cftft? f t c f
W8f? f f t t t f t t C t w t f ' w t f t t t t ? ( f . ObrJs; w t t - f t f , ? t , f t t f r t ? ilt ct?t3 f t f f f t c t f r o wtb?rt w?tw w f r ? i
5.i.o)-m f i r ? ffsrtrt? i f f ? , ? i f ? ' w t f t t t w ^ t f c w i i i f t t ? ttf Wtwflct?, c?st? fttwct? tc? f i R f W ? ?wt
t t w f fffcw?
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i.tnn wiR=i-nr?ra 8A
w la I AS ^nêr mc^s.ntR^wn (niATSt st-Rn-t ^nnmf mcA wtf m'tens mmef wnrtfn nsnstA ^Ren f w R wpt
nmmnts winsts^-m%T, AS A) I istntms s t w s t f R m t P 'sifitcm wtc^ mn w n i att^ ^mmfnsjt nwns wtf n w
Rfn litss snssnn s n n t n w n i <mnimt #nn-nians ât ssnf? (Barthold, Turkestan, 290 5.) atmRw s n ^
WtAts wtMct atsnt m n I fwR cnnten mtmf f s t n n A a t n wtf^ fncstRnncss '^fwm mfts ^Rnts wm cs wfnmn (fnA'm)
'wi# mngfs mnsnAs wn?in istH i fs msstmcss WI^WH mmtmflenn', 4~^n5m we,ncs n ^ mnm ncn A?n stm ASSS,
n c n n c n w r m s smrA cncn fn-jn m n n t c n c t fwf^ fncwc^ wness nemwts wfmncn n^ A^STS wrf m t n Swse^ fnsa
wtsjtf%^ w m w s nnatnfs>sicf wtfls ^^Rm s f h t ^ 'Stfw^ Sm?ft ^fsew nnf An i wrwrAim wtms f n s ^ wfwemn atwrtms-
mn ^fscwJT (fn"ns5' rn'mn-AT^^-ncwis aifw, f?fit, f s ^ ^csn I tAit fin mmn (msn-vas) fwc^ wfwcmn cs, nnfwcm
m ' w t ' n - n t n ^ - ; ^fitfw.-sjwt)i w c m n n c m ^ fRtc m s t s RA'SICS ntv^ttm ^swtcîs wimw Rtm AtfcAs iRse R R ssRwi
( f f s r m w ) cs nAnw wrwrs w f s s n f f fwl^t flenn, ât wtff% nRcwn, wfntmn fnmns^ cmwnmn wfrnn ssfsr^-^
#nn-nfw;'=t wtms w f m f m ^mw wtAts w c n i f w ^rnnfntn lantfn metmnc4 ^ wm^ ReH i -srm^ wtn-f^mtsfs
(wrsfiw) sfnrn stms w i w t wtAts c ^ ff%ft AS I ât nesf Rmges wtf mtcfis nmn;mn n f ^ fR wtms (mnn-'as)
> m m s c n , âmfss wtATs tapcns w s c s s c n t f f n m t c s t - wTfs^ mns^ #nn mm <3 WtAts nt^-nte^ m*tewtm% armt
s f s i w r s f n s s ^ wtms SÎCA atrnf^tw n f ^ i tme w t m w sscsn I lat^mf^mfsfaiss^tfwjia^ cm^s^&mn m s ^
ssRnts m ^ mmtm Smm wtc^t WtAts wfmfciTS ncn fR51 AS I wtn-^msf nscstc4 iRwTtn ^^fsm wtmc^ tAcss
fwR WtAts w^mfcm w m n r s s ^ ânnff w t ^ n w mmfnnts ntftes fnffnw sscsn, wn^ wrf m t n m^ cwtwnwts wrmess
ncms ssRc t r n t S^RCVSM,rnmsifsnntf% ^ ^ mrn-uis fsrttm cm, ffmesng n ^ csst^ nscste^ gnen m^ntm cn<3m
m s j c n I lilt nn^n n n t c s c t ^ ^ fSe;ms atm (m*m ntmn) nws (Nicholson, 35-6) i a f ^ t w w t e s ^ nnttnwr
m m s f atnts iRtw ttsifln i m m c s c n n wtfwtcm cnt n ^ n nft-mfem ajR ne^ njsAtn wtf mtem ^fscajs atstn 'sff?j
whiten mess wtn-ctm # t m fl^fw^ ssjsm n m n w >gRwts nesi fin I fwR wvsm ssrnn wm wtss"^ f^cn m i fR îtAts
fswsn ssm iste i ât n ^ RninsAn wfMen ^tRt^ liiss Atwts tmrs-WfAt^Tcm wtnts mmffswtens wrstw ^ t
f m s t w n s ^ At nfnrn msm m AS mi f s s f s nsess ssRen t R Smes fwR fwtm (^îj^wiw WR) mm mmmf -a
n f n t c m w m fwfn ^n ar^n ^^fsc^^s Rm s^csn mt i -atwm wtms Rn^nens cmm f&m-msms nss nsstA ssfsm wtmem
mnltmcn WTf m t n nscsf men nn, n s t liisswn ^gnwtcns n w
wajfww ssfsm fncw^T we?i=m:f s^ nw afbfnw wtcA I ^^Rw wtCA,
^^fnn-mnn ssfsewn nfnrn 'wt#t m s s r armt ^fsmcAn i WtAts #nem n ^ âssfS AtfcA Rfw ttntcA s fnn nt^
(Barthold, Turkestan, 311) i s s c m n S m attnn wtAtS mwTwTss 'sm, WtR ntn Aismi*, ^sffffs mn wrntni^
l A t t f ^ Alntn-t ^'wtf^rsess Rbfn ssfsm fnw i w n m nnmt cmms ncjf cn n m f fl^ w wtAts ne^r m*t ^ m w , cs
WtAts c s s R f n s m f w ^ tfSill ntt fsR ctn ^l|Fo'2tc<ji>stf?i cmme^ n f ^ w WtAtess mn w lant cn cmms atR w
wsf n s s s t A ^Rrcn i cmn c m n nnn fR A'lm-tc* WTATS wiAte^ W f w (wrîm^-wt^ftn ^. i i) i ^ n t m atfncm
w f n t f c i s sstcA, ânnff csAtnts n w wims m^ f s e m f c i s sstcA<3 nc^ sfncw wfsrf cn<3m, Sws nem ncsf nmn SJSAIS wt,
(fwR ^^tmem ncsf wn?in Rc-t) w^f n^tcAS w m m^fttcwir i wfAtens ^ ssRc wânR cn^sm, iRwr?? f^r^ Sms mes^
fwR fss^ stm m wts m csstn ^^tf n e r e i s m f n ^ m n r m s f f w m f n w afj*fn ssm (ntm nfswj^ Anis n?Fn mstnn nif%e
mfnm 5fnen i wp^jsrrf S^ att^s wf nesf n ^ mn wt ^ i nRn -^mcA)- ât atssts nsicws wm atmtw ^ t m m^m {\
WtAts # s n - m n n n ^ cmn c m n n n c s w n s t e s s nnicn n f ^ i sskjiodo) Wtf m%fcs5 w^stm sscsn, wnp wtf m t n ât nn^
w t f m n m e t m n ^ WTf n^s ^ [ A W tsn tnAl^ tsn fnAmmn fsn'wr ^tens fc^ wtm^fle f R n ^ sstsn m*ftten (At
Atntff nfSAtess sstf-mtn tsn -Âtmn (wtn-tn^>sst->as nw 170-1) I fwR ssnn f t f ^nw, ssnn cstf ^nvs 'rfscn,
lawrtcn wrme^ w f w f ^ w s n (^. SA, Swn fsncs wtms cmnfm m mwis sr^wt mmw wtmn ^4Rcn, wn^
Utbi-Manini, ii, 309 %, 5. ^ff^msstf ssw^ ^Ftsf Wfftn, cssinRn im ntwitw^g ijwcn m (ffmn, sn., i w ) i t m Aim
CWAStn, i A I A , SA1 {, W . Barthold, Turkestan, liitwm WtAtess ssffw wtnn cm i mAts ^4'ltsens fHfn Tsts
289-90. 311, ctcnrsp njRss m*tes5 t s n wtfnn-^nr^prs
WtAts sjRnw wftfgn w R ^ (^ptssmt) w c w ssnjtt^f
win-wt'QSifAs^'n-'s^'wt, ^b-e nt w i n - m n ' w t f , w t n n r s
mmfw^ ssfsssntent njfnw AtsicA i wra ât ^jftwf^ fncsbm
wm-tn^'amt-'as fns^) "ast ^gnwR m A y t tsn n f ^ f e m ssRcn cnfRss msRj ne^, wtmess wtf tnAT^f wtn-sstmsif
t n m f fs*:mn
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Contents
WTf Rl t f f W f p ? t w WtRt-'fnRI 80 W f f Rltw t W 5 T W T
( g . ) - m R W f W f l rof W f I R f T , R t R f R Wtt-TlffW f R r o WW f c w w f ? f w t - ? w ? ftffTO ff?w ro ? w w : t

CTW mm WttI5f-?1f f (WtRt R5J) ? f t R l % W , cwt m5\ (Nicholson. 46) 1
(Riwff fR arm f R i t % 5 R 1 m^Ff f r o i R t i f l w f%R WW ?tws?ff t t w ? f rot ?if f .^fw ?Tt? WI 1
w j ^ f w i w r n wf%w i[tt ?^, tRiRf t r ^ , 'RniRi W f w t e t ? # ? i f t e t wt^f<=f f ? t t t w w f t ? row 1 fw?t
froi->siwiR> tsfsf?"- i f t w f t e t f H t w j wist? Rg WW ( f ? W?WW t t t ff?Ct f f f ? t b f f ? c?eW RW (Chagris)-Wf
Rtt I i l t f W ?Riw R R w ? m w f w ^ rot wtro wiwitst w^ct? ? ^ f 4 W f f f f f w te^ I f w r o w t t t R??1t w?e?T?
R5 row I R W CWRIfRtf 1 ^ W W Wwt t ^ Rgtww i i f wt^ row m i 8o>/io8o R i e t . w w ? ? w - i i f r o "5fT f f t w e w
R??R WW WI I f f # ? f w t t?t w f t f t ? row 1 <t8b-/ii<to w e t f?et? rot
R ^ f w w r o t w W f R f t f t RTO's Rfwfi w 5 m i 5W5j t ? p w t*f< ? t r o fe?t iiWftft R f < R*^ ^ I w t f
w : w f f t wtwnisw ?? tRsn ro<Tf rot ^ w w 1 fww? w t e w f R w e w w ^ mm c W f w w t w t i f fttt wsTt f?f
t W ? RtW RRsiRfW f w R R i f w s wk:? I w i t w t ^ ^ I *ff f W R WW' WW w t f w t e t ? w w f w f w w t f f r o
w f t T O f W i f w t t s f ^ r o w , f r o w R ^ wfwft wtft?w5 f f p w?T?ft f w f r o fit m f f w w e w wfc?i? cfet?
w t r o R?w tt c w # m i R R t r o ts? ro (H. Ethe, WW f t t r o f t w e ? ? fte? f t ^ , w ? t w f f ? f f w t w f t w
f f f f R s SBBayr AK. 1878, 52 r.; t W Wt-WW, W f w t t w f W?tt? C t f ^ -ft? I f?ll f ^ f W R WftTW
fttWl iooi, i?-<?; t t t w f 5t 1?R'WI ^t., S)-io; w t t - W R f , f ^ c t t f f w w t w w ftRft?? i l f f t Wft t t f ? row I
W t - f M f t , fitwf ioib-, ci'i)8-<?) I R w f ? ttfttffwra CtW<I ttft-fW-stTew t t w t f f f ftet f w ? ffwt? wfwet?
R w R R f r o t?i W f t i t w t R W t t ^ w t r o t ^ stffR 'ti?tf-ff' t f r o R t f f t fict?, f f f f r o f R w w e f ? f ? ? f
row I R f rotfttt 'tR^ f f Wft-wfwt rotftf (?)-m rot WW R W f f f ^ Wtw ro t i t (AT. 294-300) I
R R R f s w I w s g w R R R t w t - i f R w wtf w f R - m f w f t t # t ? ftfcw t ^ f w R Wft<s ( i ) f f f , w -
Rro row m i Wtwt wRiFt f w t Ww'-î ro 1 t w f r o t?Wt^- f??t, of., io; (Ci) R. A. Nicholson, Studies
figw t t w R R W ?tt s}TTft row I f t w ? w?Rt in Islamic Mysticism, Cambridge 1921, 1-76.
R?R R R wttt? titrot R?t? ?#lt?t c w 1 H. Ritter (E.1.2)/f?tW t w t f t f
W f w t t w ?? R i W f 5 f w f ( ^ L j j ) f R r o $it>Ri rr^ T t * ^ t ^ "^P^tsitR ( . s . ^ 8
?RW row rot ^ (Nicholson, R15P?1 8br f f t , C?1^ t w f W t f T ? t w ^'f^ f t w t I brffo/i88S. t w
R i ^ t i?s.8; wcro is>8g.) I w ? t ? t f , m w f R R t w w f r o '^tfsf ?t? ??et R R f r o t??tw w w w f w ??tt.flct?,
? W ?t?tc?, R R . cf?R m^ f R w '0 mfS ^ w f ctt t f f - c ? f w wstftst^ c t f ^ ^fRwRwro f t ? wwTDgtet
(Nicholson), 4) ? W t f C W I f W l ^fWf fRt1t w #iW ro I RIW??Wi W?e?f? (i88S) %) G f t T T O W f f f 1? ( c t
ff ? R , m w ? w K t W i W W msit t^rot R R i8<?o).it t? f e # t t w f f ? f w f t ??i I t r o w ? f f R fe?t
f r o f ? w ? - R t w w t f R t R ? w c?ftf^ row (AT. 229) f f ? t ? t f ( f f f ^ l H ) W? f R w 'Wt<i;t?ll? t^H t<l^l^^ fl!-! t^l*!
m i wsw R^ rot ftw f ^ ?t?icfe RWcf "wttfw^ t w f T ? ^ t - m ctRttet? f w ^ t w w f?w f f f ?wf? w e w 1
tt?"ft W R - w f RWW-t ?t^s?ltW Rc?t?Tt f w ? W W c t c w t ? e ? f f t ? W f t - f t ? ? - m t?c?ifft? f f ? ' w i t f W ? t w
(AT. 322-5)1 t ? ? t f t w w w w t - t w vd<t/ w? isffi t w w t f f f H ?te
W f W t t f ? i m^ f w t ? wRw t R f t t row 1 t r o frofff row I b-<?v/- i8a-8 te?? t R S f t e t w t f w t t w w t
t t w w m twf?'s w R f f f t ?1?W f r o f??wc?? Rw f f ( W f t f w t ) wRatR ?#?n f t t t WWJ w f f w ? W W 1 pftte??
rowi fW3t w?www f s t R W W Ret? I f r o o s f i t t ? ! w R f R W f t - f tftt ?lf?vttRWfTOt? WasRt fffw t T T O f l R
Wff t1t? w t t ( f . 8bro R.) f t t t c ? ? Ct?t??5fWWtW titC w?e?it f f f e t ( w r o t t w - t e ^ ) tift? t i t R r o W f " f W f
wRct t f t f ^ ^ t w tcf? I ^ f ? R w t f t - f t f W W f ? c w ? f i ? t t t m f w ? w ? " r o f r o f f r o ^ fRe?t? t f f W cTct? 1
row i ' f r o t t t t*t fSR? f 4 ^ r o f w t Rwft? jTt f r o f f f wte?, f f ? W f w t t w ? i w ? t f w w t f i t ? ! W T O ?j?tt
R R wRR Rett I f f?wet? sirwt f?f:(f?f ft?') f r o row I w t e f w f i l ^ R twtft ?? 1 t f W w W f t t t w w t
f ^ f i t I ffw? f f T ? f ? ilfft f*tw t f w ? f f f W 'fftro ? f ? t R t w f W f t w ? f t t t w ? f ? t row I R i f c w f f T
t f c t t f t j R f t W g f f ? fict? W ( W t f f f t ?if? fat f t w ? (?lf t ? - W f , bri^b/WS, i8<Jl) f f 3 fflWe?? f l ? M R f cfWlT
<3Wtit cEittft ^^tw). ?R<3 WTf w t t ilfft R t r e f f t f ^ -<etl*lf^ I
t t w f Rfcfit
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Contents
WTfmttTtm^[AWf 88 wT| m t n t m
w e , m m\ m t n mmw wncn ^rot a^ i tnmftn t m f^nc^ ftftw cm wts fwf^ ntAtcw ^fnnwR-âs tf^m'^w
NsrtmSH-m'em t m mm5=T>sn fnosfm cntmn^ wfsifwsRim. fnews s s ^ ftwf%w <>fdc mesn, cn Setcn wsssts wtme^
cmnm ssntflcm 1 tmiltcm nc^f cmm wiwrcwn ntc? wfwf^ nAinwt sscsn 1 irtob-/i8to8 nten f^^n wts^3 mm wtms wtm
A^nrcw nt^mn m-m ^^Tna S^ wncms (wntt-wtn^ atAt <pQc=i wtf m t n 'aiAic<t> ?nm tmt niAisj w n 1
i8(M)-'ira Scancmm n5m 1 cm n w wncm? atwit^w wtf m t n s ^ s ets wfsssff f|cm; f%^ cnt'atncss
A? I ssfm C 4 i f ^ wtmn mA-ian mew imlifw ^^mn nn t m t f n wRs%o wt'^stcA I tR WtAts mw^^sstcn cm cssr wtsssfs
mtf m t c m men âf^ tnft ^ mmm ^^Rcw wtstf" An ntn^ ffw f s ^ ^Îsew n w A^ mt 1 wtms mw^^sstcn wtmn
(b-toA-ân sfsfnttt/iaei-ir-'an ^^tw^n) 1 w t t P ^ ^|ff wfwsftw wntwjcttft wtssnm w] mntm ntw w 1
wtwnstfn^ ^ mmfms A? 1 iaeb-^sjcmi etc?? fm:^ wtmn mA , WtAtm m stew wtf mtnc^ nsarms m<fn f m t n w nw tn 'a
mmw wfnmn w n 1 wtf m t n nBntK3Fn nfwfsR T^cn^nn w^ptAntw tpRiiiflcq-i I wtf mtnwe,<j#ff^t1wcmnwwtAts
wm '5?mn nnttes cnntfnntn sifwflw. w n 1 wtmn mA tAsH*? tpjtte^ mst wtnfs (îfstR) atmn s s f e s n cgnwR mAfnc^
mnnwm Anw ^Rcw w ^ m n nRcn (ncw^ i8eb-) cnt mmnmnR "^ms tmncss ntsttms wrafn twjtfn) 'antîfn
^^;entcn fwfî tntntem ntf^w m m ssw^ Anw w r i cnws< (csm # m o R ) ^ ttmtm n j f ^ < wtmm wtit^,
i^mmn-Sm ^rtoâ ntb isai) men wfflw mmnn->an fc^ nsftsnm? m stwjtsns<p cs cssr cstfs cnt^ ^ m c s r , fwf^
'wtmSn-m-em, tmtftn t m 'wtmSn-m^m ^gnrnn mnwr? wiAtcnsess wtnfs mn 'îsc^n 1 wtf mtcis mw^ssten nt^ntwt
ftff ntfn nntwarsi tst A^ 1 wtA"sts (s.) cnt ^|fnm t t m ^tsmfAcm, Barthold wtms
tfifww qiftf 51 wsftt 'Sminicss 4p!m mRn n#mffits^wtnm fssstf^mem 1 trsstwtwtAstnmms^te^f wtsnmf ntm wwts
m1%nR?5fe5tnnst i8es> t-^mfSmmn 1 ^8^0 ne=t wtf m t n wfssstf ttcm 'antJSitwfssi'ds mmtn s f n "wtfnntcts atmn
srtmnmmn nnn W R 1 wtfn ni#n ftnwR ^stew wtfnm wtmn tAcm I wtf m t n tnewe^ 'at mncts ^f'l sfmt arms sstsem
mmefncss mmw wnem*) w n (^fnssm ^8^0) 1 -fnwten mf% last WtAtn w f f n tstne^ wtf m t n i a ^ v ne^ tfêmstsen f??,
aftwflw Antn nn (tns5i5i ^8^0 '^.) Stnwf^mntn wtf mtne^ wRsR oEist sssts R ^ atAt ^ÎssttAcm I
- i i ^ fnesneA? ^mtmrt ^fncw' AtsitAn 1 lat ^pmten ^gnmn wtf m t n cncts'^^^ncntncmwiaff flem rfs^^ne^
^mm ntmnmsH t m n n w n îint Atntw wnem*t w n ntAim sssts wm fwf^ n^ wtwm sjnsris ats^ ssem 1 tfamwt
( c n c ^ i S t o i ) I fff; cnt n,nst wtf m t n ntntnntnR wtA'sts-ias wricsics twf?r b-too/iatoe nc^r wtcfit cm, nmn
tîmfss>tn W R I nâtcAS wiet ntntw-'as 'ass-wftmtets w f < 4 w cm cmcBt srs
wtf mtcm mw^.5tnwf%mm, ^RwiM (ssttmn nttw-t w t m AS I mmstw ntstw R n ffRcw wtms w t ttw 1
tf nm^' fm n w ) , <ftfPiR, mffnR, tftmn mihîisH ntntnsst^, fmm c a ^ - - ^ *wmt' sm m tsemt ssm a s 1
n w t ? ^ nRrat *rat ^ 1 wen mts^nc^ fnnfmin nf^n fm:^ bio/iStoe-to ncîs n n ^ %ws ate^t cntt fncn wtf m t n
Sscsn wtaran mm fmtn mm wtms t^ m i f t ^ ntfn S-ostsn ^fpnsR f e w w n'SfTp ^îsm cin 1 tmm wfnew cne^s wm
t f n ^ t m n t f n ttsîsi isaa-d % wtfn-ntns Snen^-'^s fwf^ nttAiem nl^^cls fntem fstjtw nts tmtt ssem 1 wtms
lAcsiI^twis 'Gwsis-'ii fsegttt An last wtf mtm;^ ^twtcs tm ntwnsntcn est n ^ cmtj mt^ nfSe^ wtm wntfw w n ,
w n 1 btoe/batoi nen ^ t m n ^ t m 'wts^-mw'^ t m w^m ffwiin-fn wtSn fmmf'a^wn ^ Rnms flem I twR
S^n csn^tnwf^mm ssfsm m A s 4 ^ (wttm^)-'ii wt^tn CAStw-îjs S ^ 1 ^ t-lpiwtf WtAts mwc^ mmsn wnnttrtn
atAt sscsn I wtf m t n nn ntn ntn, wsems ssfsm stenn ttwAmfsctnffiwtmnmmt 1 bio/iStoe-to-'awif m t n i e
(newm iaÂ-cnc''^ isto*) 1 Snenttn atfw s.nst Atnts mmm tlsmse^ tfimen ttnnttnw sscsn 1 Satsi cntttcn
jît'aif^sHi ssRw I b-tob-/i8<ii8 ncn ^pTwR ^"mm fntn îstcsstfff^ w ^ ' 5 t e tnttm wtfmtfln 1 enters Sts t R n
nt'snifmn-'a wtstn atAt ssfetflem fwf^ wtf mn a mtmn wtets atfwes%m îmin ntmm wmttTts tnss f ^ ^St^ nt%i
jêw tntntcm ^ n # cstestntwten î:^ ssJsm ts* w n I mgtwi ^sn lanisst f ^ 1 w|s lat înctt wtmm m*ifs<t> wfwmn
s ^ - f f fm wtf nttn-'as wtcm cssr tfsbtnms t < t t f ^ n w ssfse n w AS nft I
fstns ^ AS mt I twf^ 'at fnic cm^^nem wtasmt >awite i S t o b '5. wfwmn 8 tiAêts ts # f s ntHiewis en
n w An I mmssste=^ mw^^tcn fR 'aemtfm nrw cnprn ntc^ m wnsn ^4>iwc^ts nten mnm f^tstf^ wtAi t'tit"*icss wrms
wtas^t a t f w ^ -^cs^T 1 iSftto f w R l i n m f m s cstik m w t wtf m t n ^tt^ sffnem t m ^ tnai wtnscmistnn twc^
tnnif fs^^sR
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08<? WTf t i t ?
W W t W f t f T T T O ' W t f t?? Wtro W W ffeo wfero (ibr) All Shir Navoj Sbornik, TWroi i ^ 8 . b i l t
"StTO 1 tTOT Rlet^ '*t??ttpra W T Rrw<i f w t W W W f WW%o W5tt si-%m ? t c YakubovsklJ, Molcanov,
rot T ? I W i f t l i j l W i l W?=?t CTlUtflt Wi%f<if % I W Belenltsklj f f t W?t%ffCt? f?^; ( i ^ ) Belenltsklj, K
ww^fi? f T wRrot? fRfgw =Tw ?? tftw wsiRf fltf^ istorii feodalnago zem levladenija Srednej Azii
w f t t f t t r o stfR R T f r o I CTWtift% f^vtt^ <i?w? pri Timuridakh, Istorik-Marksist, 1941-4 (.;
WW trort? W T O i w w ct rort? wro wR ^fwrtt roi (?o) 1. P. Petrushevskij ff f l t t f ; ( ? i ) W. Hinz
ctt'sR? WW w c f w w fRmt wwc?ifr c w n w r o R R O w t f f f Irans Aufstieg zum Nationalstaat, 1936 f.,
wtw fTOiw few, iifwcf tww w t f ^ fwwcw c t w w t i8.b8 C??1-il W?ft ?^ f f t ? t t twtf t ? ? f . ZVO,
w w w t f cwrtcw? roi w i 3 i ^ I tt? c??ic w t f W^cw? i t . , o o f . , wm'S Browne, ot.; (??) Grousset, Empire
des Steppes, Bouat, Essai sur La civilisation
f f j ? t?? cttRt wt? Rgftt (wfs, w i f tit)-m twjfR.
timouride, JA, 1926 L Empire mongol (ze
CttTWt ftltRo T ? wt I sitWWf? sffR? f W TO Rct
Phase), tTtt?t i ^ ? i ffc?? wtnR tcfwt rort tttc ttc? 1
wiw??t?wn?t? w w ^ 2tc?f fRw % ? W t T fcwt fftRw
J. Aubin (E.1.2)/ . j j ^ ^ j ; ^ ^
ront w t f w t w ? tcw atmf ?t? ?t?tRt i f r o - m f t c ?
t f ? ? T T O f W C f f t CtWWt RR^ f R w ? f fC?t I ^5rt^'rl't?r ( J J ^ >JI) S (W) ww-wtff i ?if ' w T f > i
t r o fC?f R? t ? t f ? ?TWC?? W??f CtlW f f ? f l f ? TOTO cftcai? w w f I t f ? wt?fwt-?t??-ii? t^ftrtc f r o w t
f T i w w f r o w f wro ww-m f u ? stRcwt^t f r o wt 'wttfW? t f ? f WW 1 fttf, ftttt,"tf? R'Wt? f f t f w t ^
f t tw? (cro^. bs-jsJi)) I wTfcw? tft?t? f r oTOtest ft??ic?? I t f ? trow f r o
f f f ^ ' e ÎR^l? o ( i ) 'Wt?f? WtWf' Wt1?fTf ? R 5 w f ? f e t Ttw? t"i? f f T O f r o f t r o fet wttt t f ?
' W W W t t - W ' W t ? ? , W W . m. w f W c r o iJi>8i-Ji> %; f f T O I fCai WTf t T t ? ?tc ?<?! fRwcw, tf? ?T?l? f t ^ p t ^
^ R ? f t ? StTO t i t I Beveridge f f f t T l R o ^ wfRs; (t)-il? f C f ilfTO ?T?TO tftcw wttt t f r o wttt? tsR il?l
(?) W W T f t t T f l ; (o) T l f f t - R r o ; ( 8 ) f t f f t - W t t T O ; (ff) TsRf-tfZRi twg f R r o tc? w t r o tc? W f f w ? (t)-ii? ttt
Wff-wtt? stfR t ^ ,sjtff; C"^) ttRttf, wwT^-wt^ f wwt ft?ro ?ttw w t t ^ ii?i f r o tcwn ?ww ?tiit i
w f f TW (f. Barbier de Meynard, JA, 1862/11) 1 t f r o iifit f c t flffW^ (t)-ii? wwt tftwt; wtf wro 'Q
t t ? 1 t f f f W t l R o , " E . D . Ross f f ^ W f R , Mongol' t r o (W) ttt?it?tc? tf? ^ r c f l i R ? I Wftt fTcw? fwwft?t
Policy Rt?f; (1) W f t - t ? l f f ; (b-) # ? f R t ? f - t t ? f W - f t ft?wt 1 <^ ttc? iff t?i$,f w r o W f t twc?? t t r t ww
TTf, Wtro^-t?t?1 ( W f f t R ) ; (Ji>) t t ^ W t W t f ? , W W ^ - t t t W t f i ?st?w t t c f WfW twcflt f t f f t (t) iro fwcf tiR
I
tl., c?ro i i i R.; W f ' f w f t ^ t t (io) f i R f , ^ C t t , Wltt CttfWCf WSjt? ? t W t 1 ? T f f W ^ ( t ) t t t c t t ,

t t f T i 'witRt-Tiw ^ ti?rat, mr=w a t t c f ; ( i i ) w t f c? twgf! c? t w ftt (wt)-ii? f R w^w wttt ?#aTc??
- s r o f , W'SWTft-Wftft ( t t # l R ) twiR tttt3i; (i?) g. t?w? if??, c? t w Wf ttfttt-ii? WW tfcg? ttttcf tfs^ ft??tc??
tlft?5JttRw#lft(t?ct? B. N. Paris, Suppl. Pers. f r o f f t trwc? cwro ttft tw^ptt fR, w>s?tc R cwt?t
1815); (io) A. N. Kurat, Topkapi Sarayi Muzesi w t r o 'tf?f w t r o wttff? twtf w cwt^ w wt ?
arsivindeki... Tarlik ve bitikler, t W ^ l iSsSo (One tw|f WTO tfsfc ?Rt, w I w s t ? t r o f f f tw??Rw
letter);f.; wt? ( i 8 ) C f f f ? c?. ftWwl 1 ttIt, f f t ctt tw? RR fW? f R w^w wttt ft?wc??!
fC?ttT S WICWW f t f?tC? 1ff Cftt ? ^ WW W CtCt>3 tt6? W f t r o t t ? f , W f t r o 1?ww wttTO wtRf? tiapt^
tw t W C f t f f f f f W t t f l f t W 35tCt>3 ftWttR f C t ? t??? w^wc ftffc? I wttt WWT twcR wtw? iff iitiwtfR
.^fTttf t T l R w ? W t ? T ? r o f t ? C ^ t c ? l t ? C f ? g . ; (iff) f r o Cff? Wft I wst? Wff[sf^ (t) f t e t t , cwtw
V . V . Barthold, Ulug Beg i lego vrenija, 1918 clîcw^ W1? R f t -^tc t?l|.f Cf wtttt? ro I tf?efe?
(Hinz-m wrf? W f . Ulug beg und seine Zeit, 1935); 5ilf<j^^l? (t) fftftt? wRw?f?ief t r o wtf? twg ff?et?
(i^b) Mir All Shir i Politiceskaja ziza (Hinz-^l? if??, w r o w f t t r o ttitR ft?et? I tf? tfw f f t wf?\f fRt
Wf. Herat unter Husain Baiqara); ( i l ) f t ^ t f ? ( ? W t ft??ie?? 1
YakubovsklJ, Molcanov, Belenltsklj, alXt^ S ( i ) t ? ? wtwt? W t t - ' W t t f I t t f , W t t t t l t t , f t t ? ,
Rodonacal'nik uzbekskoj literatury, Tf?^ iJi>8o; i O ^ V R., 8 t . , % ioi; (;>) tf? 'wt?fwt-w??, Wft-f'WT?,
ttwf ftfCft?
t.R.i/88
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w t f It'll W t n - n N f f
f w iOAb- it., S t . , iob-; (vs) t m ftsstn, -ffwtfA ^5rr^^*TT JJI) s (m) w t n m f ntmf i m^^îptA
A t i m t ^ (ntf^tt^) ioii R, t . , 8<M I (n) ^tew A i f ^ "s-^ spfsntem i t f n w t f ^^msss ^ t m n
(sntraw S t f ^ t f n titi'*fn WtAtn fnss? ^tew A i f ^ tnâmntw s # s r c m ,
mifjaiA (n) n c m , t t c t s mi wjettbrnt n R m s w-am i ntA
t m ntntnt in/w t w m ? R f m ^ 'wtm ?5i% IW9 ftsf1?-ia? ^tew m wtm w cn âm mf^smjt ntAts c ^ mt mt i
^^rnn cttcg? nrnn t t t t ^ % m -iRfsns^sTiH tw?t i^w'm ij? t t e t s mi wfcttbntt 'affw w s m i w t f f"wtnn wtentm
m<iJf Rem I twR R m f t 'îHiâiA tsfs-'^ntm ^ w f mmf w t f m'nm ntf, m f s cttcats w t f m'n tfn. -antAs
4isi'si"* m I t s f s - f f t i i m ? ttAtntewg tm 1wf^ ntw w n i wtn-mmf nfnrn mstt ^^fsntem mi w t f ns^s wts-mfn sistt
WtAtn fnewn tmntne fwR IV^JA nten sm tft^ w f w t n w^stf ^fsstfs S ^ t ' ! ^ cwwt I A'lf Af^ wRntbj w t f m'n
wf%nfm wttstAt w n I ^ R o i n f w f ^ n ^ P t 'wts^-ntR^-'an ttew s f % Atsic^, 'S^n stntis stf^mn 4tssic^*t i t f n 'wtnfnn
wiAin wtt "wtn^n wtftn-iiin 2ft1% nmt w n ( w t t t f , in ^ t , mss-'fls mstt wfsrf Sws A i f ^ w t f m'n w r s - f s t s f 'stew
A i t . , i 8 8 ) I nenttfn fwR w r f n ctteain wtftn w t f t t t m sf^'^tsteA I
'wtngn-'wtfn-'an stttnt nse?[n, wtAtn wtt Sntmt ii/toio ntn ar?ti|t g ( i ) t f n Alwts wtn-'wtn^tntf, wtn-tntm, f m s ,
t t e w <)N5/>!55^ mem ctn t m s nnrnn t m n ^ f l e m (miw- i^sAb ft., St., %yr% (A) t f n 'wtsf^-mss, wtn-tmfwtn,
wimft, f m ^ s . ) Niit t f s m m ^ atiw t % m fme? s. t m f i ( m i o A b ft., S t . , ^ ; (o) t f n Atwts wtn-wtnwrtf,
'wtm m R f t , t ^ , <M?e?i i(?j, bt., aa) i wtssffw w t ? ^ , ?ifm, wt. R , AAI I
cAmcswS^
w t f m t s - i s n mn fntl^ ?5f?wt t a ? # m n n m n mm ntn,
cnt'sfn wtn-^gmft wtmn ^ m n - ' i i n ' f mn' ate? n?#iw w r t ^ ^ ' T f wrH-^'r'n|ft ( ^ j > u i O^L^ gntnf?
A? I cnt'sfnn nem w s f n atfms sscm p|f m; wm'sfn 'Sms metR t m t m t t f m tsfnn-âstîm cnm 'stmcA, mtmem
t m wt?t stf'wt-'iis ^ÎswH w f s i t w i ^ t s s ^ ctts? srmtss ^ g w R wtmn ssfs I f n l s n (g.)-^s nesf wtm? R m e m nênt
sbm I fwfn fntrtw ^ m S e ^ i n f ^ t w t m (tstntn) S ^ wtscss

st-^tit s ( i ) w t f T f , i t . , A i , i88-e8; ( A ) wfssrf ( f m t f )-cm nem witw ^ten est fsstn.fin tm s^ws^st
Wellhausen, Letzter Tell der Lieder der tllw!"a cat gt '^fss f n ? l f ^nA Smst wR'ijR mi
Hudhailiten, Berlin 1884, i, Arabic text, nqs n w 5 f^fsn '^wf ifif^t 'wtscss wfsmfens sfttms sfbw m^
250-269; (o) W H - f A ^ f t , Atmm n?, .iooJ; ( 8 ) fs-^m t m atfn^ ^mfm i^t ssne^ ^ t i w w cwfs^-ssifn wtn-witms,
WfSstS, ms?^5t-f%'S i , 88-8(2- I R's f ^ , mfsttss ijtos, n t t n AiA) i ^stms aiîm w t f m'n
R. Blachere (E.I.^)/ ^ n t ^ ttn f m t f l i m m' nc^ w^jfnnf^ ssfswift we,^mcn gmn wwn
^sfT^ '^'W j ^ i ) s 'wt%En-mm ^ t m n t s ^ - A i n t n <>tsstfln I 'at nsms t s n t f m t f n t ? nssw fêsens w m
t m 'wt^ t m 'wt^ t m 'wtsfm-stA^, f a m n ^ t t n w s wtAtews nswt n?it ssfsm fwem, f%f R f n est ^fR wtAtem nem
mm S % I fwR f n - s s T m 8oi/io8b men ab sens nncn nsjsn ssfsntflcm wtm w t m e m m âm n f % ^ t ntm mn m,
wt%rt t m 'Sms-'fl tRsnn w n i wtftn wtmnn-m^m w t f WtAtst wtmens s n t ^ w t m wtmn, wtmcm cttcsjs nesf n ^ mt
wtfts t m ntAtSw-m'sm 8o(?/io8o) y^^m w t m m mi wtn-m'fcm tstne< wrmm ât atncsf m^ wt#tRss
8 i b / i o A i m e n S f s fnf^ w n i t m s t s fwfn w s s s t s S ^ cmntt atmn w (wtttf, ns,., ?ssiw Ao t., i A i , i o o ) i w t f
t n '5te t n f i w mx tnsts fnemfww A=t i ^^fstw wtcA, fwfn m'n fsfn fncwm wtn-AtfsA t m ftttcns sttss nfnm mfn
w t c ^ Assis S ^ t n 'stew mtt Atsidet't i fwf^ mm wtn ^^fsewn, fwR WtAts w ^ f n Sts "wtn-'wrsn tsfn-'wrsn"
ssfs'sflcm 1 cttmt ssm mi wtn-wtftw fêwt wtmcss m t - m f m f f n men
ar?tiit g ( i ) tsfn-wttts, wtn-^mfnn, f m s i o o i 1A., it., wfwfA w n (ntmn, t.., A(2o-i; mrnânin, i t . , AM) I wtttf
AA(2; (A) t s n ^ m f s , WH-Rrim -antn -Inrnm, i A t . , a%; () t m WTf m'n-'iis Sts cmn fsetn ijft m fncnâ f^fnn n t e f fnfr
t t n f n , w t n - t m s , fnns i A v a ft., S t . , 8ito; ( s ) E.l. nttesn, wtet (Aot., iAi*:!. ) ^ ^fss ^jflwft -a ctcst^ ssfn wtmn
it., i o I affw^^ss CAS atRt^ ssRsts w m est t n c ^ t at^t w n cnt
' w t s ^ - m ^ "Sms (E.1.2 ^ ^_ mm f%i f n t n f m s t f n f t s ^ s n t c m i w t f n f n m ^ânts
ii. (iH. m. ntAffS SAnt^ (iissm nf^mm fRw (ssls n^ttnt^rs, fssf t s n ^-antst-s
t n n t f fstesstn
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Contents
WTf Ww W15T-Wt*fft
W<f t W S f ^ W tWTJgf W f W ^ w R ) WTR Wl%it f f w WWW Riwe? tte? fftfet? f ' w t?tew? f f ^ f|ttwet? ?wf
ffw W W f f r o W fwfWT ffs^ R l W f W W - W R W T f W W ?ttw f R t g ftfwflcw f w e f w ? f wftc]? '^fwtRff t
fffw w:t w:t t w ^ f % t W l t r o w w ffrwfiro W 3 R (f^R fffct test w fffw ftew w t I cRtwt]?f w t f f ?t?tw
f f f t , RlWT ii>S>; W t t l f ? o < , bô, i o i , t f f t - f ' W W , ?t?ff' R ^ f r o f r o f t RiWTCt? tewtf f ? t fifwe??
WTWf 1, i S o ) I tr WTf W W f c a F t f w fffw CWTR I Rff ( W t f t iS><Hi)'l
R T W W T t - W f W R s , f w t - W I W W f w ? m fff<T f f r o ^ ffff f ^ t ^ ' (^) 'W?ft-Wftt W1R-WtfR, R R R i f t , fft^;
fro (fit m f f f W l W f W f < t W fffWftctR, S M R ^ O (?) ^ c t w . R i f t t?? " W f wt-t?i^, f f f ? t l . , w f t w
f f r o C B f f T W ( W t l f , ?f., i o o ) i l W ff Rff tffl? i&'Jst, i 8 ( j t. f ? f ^ ; (o) t?? f'WR?!, t f f R - W t r o , i t . ,
fff5 fwffrm tf R? wttfro WW f T T f w t w fwiTR? wTTww i!o; & 8 o Wtftw, wwt, of, ?Q-o S>ffo, ^ C t W , ? T W ? t ? ,
W W (WTflf, ? o t . , !o, i o o , i o ? ) 1 f f f t f w fro
i t . , ?'b?, ?'i>(f; ( 8 ) W ? f ? t f , fîWfft?", o?!, 08^^; ( e )
Wftw*) fWtWTt f e w m\ f W T f W T i W W ffTS? WTR?
Cttf, f'Wtt, S>b-, ?bo; (<b) f ? 1 ? f , R?IW, ?t., S>i; (H) W^,
tewt f w w i wffc wtw< c w I wfwRtcf t f ^ wtc?, ftRt ?t?a^-Wtro, o ? o ; (b-) t ? f R - f WW, WTWf TW, i?!3, ioS>-8i;
f r o R 3 K f W f t f r o C 5 f R f 3 fffwflctt (WttTf, ? o t . ,
(S>)fttf, DM, 8 t . , 0 0 5 - 8 o ; ( i o ) f f t f f f , W'wt, (ft.,
i ? i ) m i wtTfc Rff^ ? o t . , i ? ( f - ? H - m f s f f o w w
?b-^, Wtro f'Stte?? ' ^ w t I
ttcww? ffwit tff RwactTtJ ?t, fff%wct t w wtf wet?
?WT?t ftett fc? 1 f r o f f ? ^ ftRw f R t ? t f f f w ff?
twittf fiftw (E.I.2 Suppl.) /w. wtwro 'wtf
fwRt-ii mas f?T ^t?te? (RR R i f t , tiwt 4iir, b-i, s>^, i i s , ^srr^TtwiR ( j j ( _ ^ _ ^ t ) sfifbR CWf-wttf Wfttf
??o, ?o(i-, w R g. ' J . ?s>o) I t R wtflf fcf wr?tf?-?ttfro wit-?tm mtttt? ?twt flet? i
fffet? ^wR w t flet? w i f t - f R - m fai f t r o wT^tet? ttttt f t f t W f t f t w - m t ^ ^ wwt?Wf?-f'TO-m tt%et
9tm W W f W R ( W t T f , ? o t . , i o o - i ; R R R i f t ; 08S.), wtft I R t f iiwwit? tew wtt-ttro s i t f f t wfw?
f f f twit ftew wt-wtwwt? t w w T f R w t f w t c f f r o f w r o , fttfwf wtro W f W c? w?w wet tRfb tt?it
Wapttw t e w tfftw fRwtlct? mx wtt-WR'w? t ? t (ft-<tt fwtfct tgtw? Rte? t f f w ?? I t t w f f t t t w c f
W t f R WR- wtf WRCf m RW cw?w wffwfitt? t f f ? roi t r o f f R w?Tt?w fitf I wwtttew mistt t w ? f
(t?ft-f'wt?j, wT?TfTW, ios>-8o):i wteWR f f R ro-î w r o t f t f c f t f i t I iête? f^TWet ti?i^ titef? ct^cg tRtw
RWe??' teRef w t w t tffwrtt W R ? c?twet R R ? ? I fswet c ? f ? C ? ? W t f T t ' W t w , W f W f T O t r o t ^
wt-vs?tflf-m f^twwew? Rt? tt%wt fc?? (Wf. ? o o / f t i t t f t c? f f f f f t fc??, wtw itt f^WTRt ffft ??_?Rst-
f f f t fTO f R t we? (wit-?i?t t t f ? ffft ff??et? WW g. t?t
twR ?Ttro wtf WR ff r o ?fbw f R r o mtt'istf '^fttRff?, Hb; W f f o ? 8 ; W f , i t . , 8b(t, Llttmann
fwRet? m i t f f w ? Rie?iw? fRt f^ft f e w w t ( w t r f , ? o (See Bibl.) M. ben Berchem, Voyage en Syrie,
t . , i ? 8 ) I wt?tew tte? f f f t i W f f t f w W f WR wRt 196-200 R. Dussand, Tdpojn. hist, dela syrie.
ffifet? f R 9m twc?? f R wc?tttw ^c wef (RR ft*Rt, 181 and index g.) i CWf-ftftf WfWe? f f l t wtftf fCt
?b-!, O i O , O ? ? , OOb-) I f r o ? I W ^ fffwrsR? R W f i t ftf^ ??! w? wtf RtWW W W t?i^f t ? t R t r c f ?iwttf?ief,
wtro f?[?< 1 W f W R WR-W'fTR? ' e t - f ^ ft?? m i ?]?ro ft?? I ilt R W W ? i t f t R i ? t f f^R ?f??ie?, wtf
f W f s R f f f W l f ttWt?? t ^ f f IW fR?t ? 5 W ? 5 t W 1 W t T f , W f ? ( W ) - m pt 'w?f?-?i?'tt? W f WfWe?? ftrt f ? t ? f R
? o f . , i?b-cw,.m? R 'wlfat^H-Rtllfîl^' W t t f r o m s f t ofct f t f ? I ? w f r o f ^ f w c f t t w t f?ct? wt3t wtro
fffwR test Wt? 1 Rtftt? ?bW f f ^ t t j s '?ft?t wsm f r o W W fwR t ^ f c f w?ttt fRewflcw i iit w ? t R twc?t
f f j i R W f w R - m f w t t f tatwt f f f w ct^tt, ?R wtf t t w t f ? t fR?t fw?t fc?? I W f W f T O f w e t ? tww??
w R - m f R w cw? ? w R t twttt?? t ? I WR-w?f?tf? t t ftfet ctt R i f f tr^ wwe ttwet? ttcttww, Rtf? ? w s
(fQ?tfft?", 0?!) wtf wtwt f r o tfW? ?WJ f ^ W W , WT t r o (?t) ftRt t?fR-?tft (W) Wlfst?t W W I Cft?ffW
f f t t R R fRt?, W f w R - m m t t wf^f f i f ^ ffRtt? Wt f r o t5it<fiff (w) wt?ttt?tf t?ttw w?iw f r o wt^w? wtro i
f f f t ff f I t w I W f WR, fftwcf ffR t^g? wi???tfcw ?f?w t w ? (W) t?^-ft"T?-m ?C!3 W f W f T O f ? T 5 " 5 t t t
t t t f ?f%w t t ? f f f t w = T m i itt ffw WW f w f f f t f ? t t f tlWjft f t f t t fttttft? W T t t 1
t t w f ffftw?
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Contents
8V
C?t# s E. Littmann, Semitic Inscriptions %r$n-ntntfs-?m, msm-mwtn, i n n t , s m m i8ov/is>b-i,, At.,

191. 193 ff. % oAb-; (1) t f n 'wtmnn-mss, wts-tmf'win, fnns wi. fs.,
E. Littmann (E.I.^)/ -SAI^tm^snt 8t., % itototo-itotoi, nttjt Asv8; (ir) t f n ^mfts, wtn-Rftm
^ ^nmr ^ ^snft I):
mn-fnAtm, m s ^ - f w s w m - w t m f , i n n t , i(i-i/isA nn,
t . , 'J. aAto;(s>) cnt^, w t n - f si'g'i-ntmfn'm, ms tA'sttw-
(nt) ' i i w T gîfw? mmf I w t f msm wtms S t m n i fssg tm
f s t i win-'wimf, 'Jssiw, wi. R , ^t., j. (to% ( i o ) w i n -
sjtn^ 2tlnf% mw s#mcA cs, wtms mn R % i Sm wis wtm
' s s i R f , f w t f n - m f t f , wmt^'n ^ s , on n t , ^sstw
m s m I wtms mwt % n n m ^ ^ ^ ( n ) -âs msm fnnw
'wtstnn-^^sTfnn i >at ftmcn % R flenn s|5jw[?tiA (n)-!iis f w m i8o8/ifeb-8, i t . , J. id-to I
m t 'ant w t f m m m t f n 'wtnf^-wimn (m)-'an Isf^tcaw mt i wswts^wfn
n m s mtwmm fsstst cmoas s i f 'wtfSis t s n ^pnfsr mmn R f n ^ T f W ( ^ 1) 8 (m), wtn-sstsn I n f m s r f

w^FfAt sscsn I fn^scstnr fcat wtms w n i w t f s n wtm ntn wtnmn n t m f i fwf% ^n'îs flenn fnmn wtmr^ w t f mnss
m I wTAts nttnfwsst ^ s w t f m s m t f n w t f s=An t f n wtn-nmn (sstms) nm AS I mâaiA (n) wnn tsmfness ^ rnn
'wtsfnn-'Snnttfn wrft ssisn t f n 'wtrnr ^ tfn mnn tfn sssitstflenn w t f ntn^ wtn-^mn-'as f t ^ ntnss i
nrfn^ t f n ft'n'n t f n :wtfns t f n ^'wtfm w m - f n t ^ nftA f t t f ) ^[nfnn mfsw-âs ^ wtmn (m) ^ e w s f ^
wtn-'wtfnft 1 AtsiCA, siîfiatA (n) lassfm nfncnn s strsi âssf? t^^n^tn m
t n n i f m?ncws atnn fncsst w t f m s m (m) t n n t n at^n fnntcA, wtfn f ^ t<siD^ (wt)-iiis men wtms m n ^ t msniR
sscsn isst ssiffscna wwjimcs wfw^ ^^m msmn ftwsw w n i ast w t f ntsss mnss îfrns is^nîs ^^^sstcss ft S^ mnc^ps fnf&
m s m s S w s ftwsc^t f w f n t f s s f i c n n i fffnntsftwscws t i n wtents w m wtAtc^ cmmf fssitl i w w s t s wmm w t f
nnn wims f t S ^ f n ^ fsfw ^gmnn t f n 'wtns (m)-'s wrms n t n e w f n ^ c'^ftmtntn, w t n f%fn wtms m t s mm ntwm
nc5f ftwsw <pcsn i w w s t s fwf^ n ^ mi
ajwrtsw^ w n ssfncwflenn i Âf? csisi*^ f i n i wtfn f^ wtf n t n w s
cnttcn ^ c w ^sifms ftwsw sscsn I n f m s ftm fwfn w t n - ^ n nfnrnn, w t f ntnî cwtms m t s m w , stf^ptA (n) wtfnntcin i
t f n ^ T m n [g.l (m)-'as wtfwctmm at^t sscsn \ m^^ptA ( n ) w w s t s cn fssw -stn (wtn-mf^) i wmaj s f ^ AtsicA, stf^mA
w t m m m m m t f n ' s m ^ [g.l (m)-'i3n nR m w r p s ^ (n) mmwt t f n w1^sn-'ils f t S^ f s m fsnwm-'spifs's-'an f^
wts^ sscsn I WtAts tja t s s t f m m cmmf ssfsenn i t s ^ fsemf S^ S^HI^CSS
w t f m s m (m) nns, S ^ ^ tnnssnA n ^ f c ^ sTfâtA nesT n n m mscns w m t f n Atwts at^t nfnntem, st^^mA (n)
(n)-'as nftw w t ^ m t w n i stf^tatA (n)-'as #s'imn fwR arttfnwtcs mmwt t f n wt^sn-'as f t s fnê tsmfncss c m t n
n f m n t snstn sscsn i wtms tnfwsstcnn t s mnm (m) tF^tn w n mi tsmifcw w t f ntnesss f t s fnssT5 ^ns cmmf sscsn i
apsjts^n sssw cnttc=t nnstn sscsn i nns f c ^ wttsiAtsstf t f n wtsfnn-siss at^t-ias wtni w f n i f mm'wt t f n wt'sn w t f
mmfctis ncm f^lnt mm n i R fsfn n f n t n ftwsw w i s t s ntn^ Swcs wfwg mf^ i w t f ntn^p wtAts ^fmrt ( f ^ tîff^ nm)
n ^ wtfnm nnrnn ssmn i wmtm v^nnviH <3 wtms t j s t t lantntmwttfnwlwwtAtsatfwmn i
t w fsnnf^ wtn cmct cîf^'m i w t f msm (m) 'S^ntn (m)-'as law^npSfw " s s r R ' f ssôss sf=fw f^^fts fs^sntntcws
f^voscsitim mMm'Q wene^ 2t^ f f n n t c m i wtsfnc^ attcm^
f^tnts^w wtncn n ^ t^tfwmn sscsn i f t S ^ ^ f n ^ f s n w ^ g m s n
S'=fmf5 n f A f t t f n f A '^nfnen nf^ ^mcA, t m s R^semtim
t f n 'wins ( m H s t c ^ - ^ A t m n , 'wtnâiA m'n men wtms fwn
nswn f t ^ I
W^3JtAt W I
ar?t#t 8 ( i ) t f n 'Atwts wtn-'wW4tnif, wtn-tntm, fnns
5f?tif s ( i ) t f n m'n, wtw-wisi* I'^n-frnm, 'Jssiw, wt. fs.,
o t . , 8 o ; < A ) t f n ATSfts w t n - ' w m i n t f , w t n - t n t m , fnns,
ioAir R, S t . , h\r; ( A ) t f n 'wisf^-siss, w t n - t n f f w i s ,
iAb- R , St., b-8, nttrt (too; ( ) t n ^ wtfn, fnns i o A R, S t . , 'j. JV i

cAmeswS^
S n ^ - t t m , cwAstm i i i R , e t . , j. AOI; (S) t i A \ t f ? f n
ntnf, fnsism-niAtm, tmm-^nntfnnjtw, ntcms, wt. R , V A t . , '^^rtTITt?[t ( S j L y o , ^ 1 ) s 'Smnm t s f n - w m t n t s n
w t n - n t m f , w t w f n wtnnttn n t A t m , ?ssiw,
o o i - o A ; {(t) t t R n wtn-'wtm<3ntf wtftlnm f c t s wf%n nei{s âsswn fsf*ti
wt. fs., At., 'J. i i i , n t t n iji8; (to) t f n f t t t n , w t n - s j R fl??R I ^fstw wic5, fwR nnsftn 'Aojts ' ^ R t s t ftmcs fnrnt
tnntf fstemn
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W t f t l t M (?I) 08! wtf ttww (W)

( i j j ) wfte,wtfff w1%'f?r5rait m f s t t sft? row m i i& t^^tf wfc?tw sfTOTO f t WW Rttfftt wwet? sfm f t e ?
fct? cw w R %tc? w t t l l r w 'wtfiTOo witn rot ( t f M ) - ? wwf ?tCt Wtf
?JW5 f t w t f i t I W t - W f W ? ' t f W ? i C t
W W wtt-fTOftw ^c ttw ?M ( t f w i W H ctwf TO row w w w f w ? w t f t w ftft? ?sew (ioVis!*) I t f w w t f
w tttwg fpj i t f w t mm Rg W s CTOt ro? m i wftro? www-tf t f ? t t f ^ ?!ew, f f f f ? i ? wtgteT? fwe? t c R ^ f ^
t w ttW?tt f w t f w f w - W t ( ^ L U L , jJij) W?TO1?t ^tc W tttwt c t t ?e,t?t WtTO f?tef W t W R s f T O t t w w t
?T?W? ftWtCW I ilt?jf^, f?ft f w ? i t fftw t W s f r o row 1 f f f twe fwwe?? 2 f W ? w f w w w t f f t f t t
tfcW? ilt WCW? W t t Wo 4t??lC?H,-C? Wf?f f i t *wtwwc?? t3Ftwtg ^tew ?ttw t f w ? wpTO ? t I cftw w t f sîttt
?5i?f cwcaj? wfwi?, ff i?tit? WW ftttc? W?tffw ^?nt:w 'wsw'e w f f W W T O t ? e ? f f .fIctt m i ?? w f?t?f tfwe?
(g. t?ft-?ttft-wtc?5t, w f t w s>? ?t., i 8 8 ) 1 ctTOt f f t f ^ t i T O W W ffwtew 1 w t f w ft? W W Wff wftt?
t w t t w i l f f f ? 3 ?< WTO (WW Wtt-WttWt WtJCt? (wTt-wwf?)-ef wtf f t f t t - m tesf t w t f rot? w w
tWfWc? f^ It wtt m i m ^ftftît) 9fcs wtcrot f R w f f ? '^pftte? crot row I wtf f t f t t ctwt f?g row w t , w i f f t
pfif ?e,w wws f w ? f t t w g f e w I c f f c r o tc5f Rsf ?tCt w t f W W W C f WsTt f t w t ? W W i l f W t fffftw
wtt-wtttw ilt s f t c J R test ffwt ?ftew?, (?Tmw? i t . , '?}tff (j2t?t f e w I i t wt?fet? TO cw t # t f f f f e t ? t t ?
ios>) cfR?jRtitWtt1t?wtf t ^ t e R ? 2 i w t f t ? e we? ^ t t e t i WI 1
w I w t t t f t WTO tetj i t w f t t ttese? f t t t ? f t r o f i t i w t f www i i f w t f f w ctttT ? t f ^ t f ^ ?t?iew
t r o r o t w f w ^ f t t t t w i f wtitw ( ^ 1 ^ jcî m i w i ? ^ we'iR W W f r o c? W?TO WW w t f w ? i f f f

t f R f r o w t f t T mm t f w ? t e ? c? f R f^ w w f?fg
6 j L ^ ) wfe, "wtf WtltTO WTO îtc wtwro t?t' i t 2JTO
e r o f?e*t?et ?wf ? f t ? t t e ? ? ? I
W C f J ? wtt ?? ( W t t - W W i f , Wtt?tt, i t . , 8 ? ? - ? 0 ; wtf t?1?t
W l t - ? t f f , f t t f t - W f tt ^ W??' ffWf?t-Wtt?tt, t t t i W
st^t^ s ( i ) f W T t T f , wtt-wtt<i-si", R?tt
(Guirgass); (^) W f f ; (o) 1 W f ; ( 8 ) W t t f , f?iW,
iO(i>i/i!'li, ffoo-i) I W t t - W l f t " W tw? ilftt Rg?it (?TWTO,
?t., ^<tH) W t t T O ft?....'wfw t T ' S t t W g . . . ' i t t R t???l?
ftt^Stf?; (a) t w tttstW, ?l-i,oo; (b) t ? f R ' W W f 1,
W t t f (Derenbourg), 205-10; (H) S . Moscati, in
fRnew I
Rend Line, 1949, 324-31.
tgw? W W wtf wtwtef 'tttw 'Q % 3 R C f f w t wtt
S . Moscati (E.1.2)/ ^
?? ii?^ f?ffg ?jRtt, WTOt ilt f s wte? t w f t
ft?e?, f w ^ f r o Wtttt? f ^ test f e w I ^sTt^THTsfT (l-'^ ^ 1 ) s ( W ) t ^ wet ifftfw ti?if ?
ftt<it a f?c^ ^ tw WW ctt? ? ( i ) Tt?t>s?t? test tf?tet f v s w r o i wwcw? iifstt fIctt 5tif<fsit? ( t ) - m
'It., ? i f f ; ( ? ) c t w , t i r o , i t . , o o H - b - ; (o) i& c t w , fttw, ww ( f . ) , W W i i f w ? tlct? W f f ^ ( t ) - m ctt t t w f r o
% ib-'l; ( 8 ) t w t t t t t , f w , i t . , i ? ? ; (a) 1?tf, i t . , i i o 8 ; W f c w w t f ? t ? ? I f f t W f f s t ? ( t ) ?te w f ? wRt
(b) Wt??r#t, t w , % i ? o - i ; ( H ) t w f f t w , t f f W ; i'bS; fiwtew I f f ? f t , t f ^ f f t ? ? t ? t t f 1 ? e ? if?t??iffW^
(b-) W t t f , f?w, O t . , ii>ij-!) w'wtftf, flttror-f f ? ( t ) - m w w flew fR'?tff^ ( t ) ?te wf^'wRt
?S.ff; ( i o ) Wftw, t l . C f o t t , 8ffo; D . M , 8 t . , 173. ffwtew tttw t e s t wte? I w ? f t w roro fC3t ?*tf?it ?t^
Ch. Pellat (E.1.2, suppl.)/ . WlW?l? ' W f ?t?lc? I f f t ?et?, w t f Wtw ?ft?tew, w t R fwcw wtte?
W f f S t ? ( t ) - C f v : : ^ ^ .'i.l I I jt f?fft W ^ f R e 'eftWR I
^rt^ >iH|i<l (V oi , j ^ i ) s W f f f t w f w t r o
t w "wttttt-ttw t w ^tfwt-m t e s t w f t i f ti?lf w t f
wtt-ttwt, t f ? I fR ftet f W ? w t w wftftf cttwt
WWTO tft W ? f t w TOW? w w e , ?t?te? l Wtf W f ? W W
tlct? I ii.H/H88-<t ttet w?jt 2fTO 'wt??ff a f f t R
wit-?iRt-m W W W f t t f cw? t t ? i f ? t t t w ? f t w TO'ro
(Emissary)-?iet ?ett tWW afWt fRW f W C f t W f ^ t t w ? ? t t w e f R W ? t f ? t e f r o Cftt f??i?t ww
cst?trort?? I ctt t f ^ tftet? f c t tw?Tt ?iet? t? tfSttfIt TO t t I wtft's?tfw wt-i?tRf w ? f t w row ?te t ^
W?te f f t Wif2t?t row; te? fW? w w (Ctovemor) Rf^ w f ? ?'Rt ?#?tew, C t t t e ? w t f ttww ^te w t f t t f t
w I R?fe?? ^f^ ttfe? f f t 'wtf tRtet? siR fR?f tcf? m i wtt-wttwf m i f r o ^ e w ? f t?ww ftwte?? f t w
TOtt ??, tf?'wtf ?i%f ffww fitff^ fTO W W t e ^ f ^ R ? I t e s t ?tt?te? I wtcWbj w w f t fif^tst? ( t ) - m c t t t t w ties?
t r t w s Wf^WT (t)-ij? tRêw tttjet? watftw? t w c f tttw t w R t W T t e s t ?#?ne?? i
t t w f ff^cft?
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Contents
wT|nHmf tsn 'wisRn-wm (ni)
ar^tft t (i) tsn mtwTs wH-'^sirnss-Mif, wm-tntnt, Inns S^ntntm (m)-'iis Rsss J^CW lijt sRtm wtms nmn flmtm ntm
(ivsAirtt., sn., s>8; ( A ) tsn 'wTsfnn-nTsn, wTn-tnifwtn, ctn cn,wtm^ cwtnm WtAtem wtmcm w t t c n n f ^ ^ ^
tnns ioAv R , sn., ^. s>o-s>8; (o) t f n ^nstn, RsTfA-flsnw, , fmttm nts IA1 i^nn wmm wtmcis n^mcss fss^wt wtms R f s
Wismm ios>i lt., on.,{. seb-1 ntRcw fm m I nscn fwnwn fwn ^ fssA ntwm cmn ^^fsew
RntrawSifn mf^tcm ntm fin >as5nta! wim^ nfUs wm iS^mmm (m)-'as
s>i:ji4in3 oif^mt f n m ntm ts wrsicss n f m m^nrn wfnR
wrt^>IH|4|| ^ 'v6|M[t,ei_wrww (jî ^ J n . ^ i
cnm AS I wnn mf 'wtnfnn-wtntn wtmn ntnc^^ csmw cm
j-..^.^ I j_Li) s ( S T ) , ^5Attws nraf, s T f 3 ^ (n)-'as f ^ (ntfrnn wtfn-Atmn w t f mnf, n f c s sfA'ntw, iî-Â) i
^smt, Sun-^lnfn S^ nTmnt (nf)-Nis <jess mft i wtms apfs wwgns R R gg ntntmnAnfmn c'ffc^ i
nfsj 'wisijatA, mtf ntntnT wTmn îmn i >iit ntimt R R nnfsss
wtf mntm (m) ftsisw ssRm fsm 'wtm tfn 'wt^ cntciss
nlst^ %nn i R R nwtn njtwmm fstnt enters ntf ntn^n
^m*tf*m t f n 'wisRn-^gnfm (s.)-'as wtfwcmm atAt sscs^ i
mtnin w t A i mp{\ anmtj ^ wtms w o t R n wtm nts m i
stf^âiA (n)-'is wttm n w 1wR lantcnt wm?tn I
wtms-nttnfwm ^ s mtf mmm 'mtnî^ tsn 'wtnRn-wtmn
st>i_=l?iA (n) wtAtc4 m'n t f n ntnmm (m)-iiis nftw mwc^
tsn Rmn t f n 'wtsRatA tsn "Snts t f n ntnfn t f n stsswt tfn
SWT wtsii w n lant wrsm snsicns wm ntf 'wtnfnn-
gsm tsn ^ m t f n grnifm t f n niRn t f n R A S mtn-ns;srf
'wtfn-ias fnsss lasst'Q wR atmn w n i nsn^fcw fwR S^
mtn-mnfft i wrms mwts mn msm Rnw 'wtsRn-v^s'tPis wR fsijpn ssfsm stf nsfs-iim R f s "efnm wtcm ( W T S I S S T W , on.,
tf^ Rntn t f n "wtsn ntniss t f n ^mifsj, fnR flenn-m^^tmA
% A8i) I
(n)-iiis f f I
wtf mntm (m) nm S ^ fc^ nfarawtcs wttsJAt w n i
wtf. mntm (m) n t f ^ ^ (n)-'is tnntn atmess mtk S^n fwR wtf Smm wtn-^s[mf fnf^^ îtcs mps wtstwatt^
m'ntw NS wts%ns afsliiRwt io wm ns tnntn at^n ssesn i An I f^ "flss ntn fbRtms ns mftmsmcs fwR wicmtj mw sscsn i
wtms D S^ mntm (m)- wnn tnntn at^t sscsn i mtf ntmm fssf fwwm fwwcs Smn fmfaimt t f c s ^vsttcw mess i ;^ R.
(m)->as t^tfw^tcns ns fwR S^'n-^lnfnfncnn w^^ A'snts ntnnt 'Smnms nnn n t f ^ i ^ (n) wtAte? nfnm fnews
cntmnr ntw sscsn (wtn-tntm, ^n., ooe) i wtf mnjm (m), ^nlfoR* ssRm nR i
"Sstsm tsf"n-AtRA, wtssstn tsn wtRn-wts"^ >a %Anin t f n 8 R. Âtnsm mem atsmRess st^jîsiiA (n) ÂtRs
mWSn (m) last nc^ tnntn atAi sscsn I wtnmscm nnmm nf^ i(?o wens mftfn c^tw^ amm
^nnntncns atR nwts sstffs fstntPrs wwrtms fn^ftwn ssfsm sstwR wRnten osmn sscsn tRmcn ntm ntism wtf mntm
bscn c'flflcn fnstfww -spiinnciiscss mnmn Rwsc>s RciW cnm men a{Ri^ I ^mwR iissfS tsews mn, rnms mnenet ntf wtmn
I ^[mnînn ^^^^mn mnmn ftwswwsn i wtf ntmm (m) t f n 'spmrnmnminf^ i sTf^^ (n)ntstn mtcm cn, w s n f
^mst nftss Rsfsw sscsn i atsmmn ^ ntnm 'sfnnt n ^ fn#m IfntnAt wtntn t f n t^ntnRR wtmcns Rcwem ss^snîiis
wtRtn wtf wtRn wtmm wiJin cm I wwgns mnm ^ e w - 5 1 ^ wmtm msmrn -f^^-itc^ f c ^ wm afcstfms S > R C W C A I ^ t
afwjTmon î^Rm tnsm fR nfnm ftws^ sscsn i wtf Sntm tsn ntntesm f%i%et st^îatA (n) S^ Rwms ''^tnfBn ssRsm wm
ntsn t f n ^nmsp-ias ?<Rtnc fwRt n^nn nfnm Rsmwstff wtf mntm (m)-'5s cmse^ S^ wfwsR camn sscsn i wtf mntm
7 ( 1 ^ (tfn m'n, wmtsstw, on., <j. ôfe) i ^"wm wm-'pmf (m) wtRfpw mat mf^ fmt w ^ niAin^mn nfms ntf wtnrn
t f n mnm (g.)-<as mintncw mnrns's fwR n^2itn fswsw sscsn cmcais Stn W W R P W wiai^t tRbttni sscsn i ât wtaimet ntf
(wtn-tntm, ^n.,{. o(j-i) i wtf ntmm (m) io ^p^rnmnftsfsw wtmn fnf^fnss tnmn ssfsew mess i wtf ntntm (m) wtms
sscsn I tmn arm ^ mn n? iA sif'Sn-wt'sntn nr^^^ (n) cnnmtflfess fsnmct mt ssRm wtAiem mmstmcn caist sscsn i
ftwsw sscsn (wmtsstw, on., A S O ) I ftwsw sssm nnn wtf, ^pfnn m R f n ^ t w wtmefisess m'sm ^Rm wn^ttm cm i
mntm (m) nnn fm if S^ mntm ft gg mntntcss ScBn wwsts -^nfm m R f t f n w n R ftnten n^ S?-nssf ntm
wtcsiAf wttm n^snim An ^ ôtms ^ cntiJ! nt^-^cffsm fss^ Tstfmn atwjtm^ w ('sntR'f, Rpwtfn-mttf, it., %
cntss wtRrat nwm wtms fInA S f^ntm ntm nm I 'Fcn wtf 0 8 o - 0 8 t o ) I
ntmm (m) ijssit ftwsw ssfsnt nfntn nnn sscsn i w n s f ^ .sit wRrnn stew atwjm^ smm t s wtf mntm (mym
WtAts fmt cmamfwtsfnn-wimn-'ira cmssm tAte f% ^ m "jc^ cnt 'pw'sttsm I tAts n ^ f ^ atm "^smn
- tnntf Rscssm
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wtfTOMt w '^Hfi=1-W1TO (W) Wtf Rift?" WtR-RlTO (? )
TO twt? W f ^ t t t l ^ RTO^ fliPR I ?1f3pf? (R) f ? t W CWf^tTO (ft?tWt-Rl?Wt, ?/it., % 8?S); f t r o WfTTO t w ^ t ^ , S t . ,
mi sn?t 1TO f w t TO <t>t?C^H I C*t? t w wfte, o i?<i-m ??ie) I
'^TOH-WTfl?1, 8 f?. WTf RlRlRt (W) t t f ^ f t R W f I t W w w w t r o wet f r o f t fat m i ? t ? T O <3 f?w ttet
'Wt?tWR-TO? W t T O f f J W o f ? . ?twt test f t ? T O W , f f f f r o f t ?Rtt % I wwwa wwft f l e t ? I w t f w w w ( W )
t ? t t f ^ ?e? I f g l f H R W f T O ^ t R f f W f i t I ^tf'fSl? (R) ?tf^pi? (R) ^^t m t t w f ? ?'=f?i ?5R?te?? WW f?1t#t, wtf^
f r o ^ WiR5f?Rf fttt t f t f R t , RtfiR? ?i? ? W t t ? f <3 t w ftwt? t e s t ?ft?fe? I w f ^ w t r o t f f t ^c t f www
? t ? f ?? W W t ? t (RffTO W W ^ f eTOTfTOf (WTTOPfw, (w) R'crot ffeitc?? I
?8i)l f ^ t ^ t 8 ( i ) t w R t X W l - 1 ? 1 f f f t - f ? W , ???r5 w.ff.,
WTf TOTtRt ( ? t ) - m t t t w f t e t t t t ? W^?Ti?f t t t t t W 3l?w t., ?ci)-?8?; (?) t w ?'tW? WiR-'Wftf T W f , W f R - t f t t t ,
ft?05 TOf I W W ?iffsf? (R) wi?tet?ef ?tf'wt ^ wi?twift f t R ? i ? b r f ? . , ? t . , ^. OOff, RltTt 8<lbrO, 'vi^t?fSt? t w
f?t ^stc fw RiRe m i W t T O ?ie?? ttttfff!:? wtr f'Wt 'Wt?ftt-WtRtf Re?t.; ( o ) ^ C t t f , Wt??ffW-Wt?fX ^ ? ? i
ft?e R r r ft?f tftew, i)t t t ? cfettwttt f w ?jt%R f ? f 5 iS)^lr t-, <?f., % ?b-1-?b-b-, R l t J t 8\r% ' W t t f S t ? t W
( w t t t ff? ?ft?tew, f ? T t ^ tt?TO-ttfste?? f t f t ) ?tR? 'WtfWt-Wttlt Re?t.; ( 8 ) 1^ C t t f , WtfffW-Wf??^, ?? t l . ,
? t ? t wt?fet? f'Wft wfftt, wfftt ?tte ttef? 1 w i t clt?t ^tt ^??iW ioJsff ft./iS.a8 % , i t . , 8?a, t l t T T 8 i a , ' W f ? ^ f ? t W
t t ? wit ffwt w ( f H ?it ?wf'*il ft?e? tt I wwst? fwR WTf 'WTtftR-Wtttf ffC?t.; (ff) t ? f R - w r f ? , t R f R - f f W , CW?TO
tfttti TOT f'Wt fe??, "c? wist?! f f t w t r o f ? ? f f ^ i o i l f ? . , fff., ?ib-; (>!s) W f f W W f W f | ^ f t W t f t - ? T ^ f f f
(?t)-m
?5f??f t i m i WfTO TOT cttte? wfcTO ttttt ro 1 f f wtettcf W f t - t t f f , W t ? ? f f t - f 1 t f t , . ^ 2 ? ? i W i 8 i 8 f t . / iS>S>8 i o t . , ^.

twftw f f ? ? t t l W t T O ro? m i w i w e f w t t r o I c?wtst?! ?'bS)-?<io, Ritjt o o f f i , 'wttfW^tW 'wt?ttt-wtTOf%c?T.; ( a )
ftTOfwEft'Sct? tetT W f T O t t t t f f t ^ f l ? ? t t l I ??^-'witlft?! w? f t f t - f f W t f , ft?irof-RiTt?t, twat-t ttwfftiw, w c r o
wtttet?ef m i wtwef w t t f f ? ? t ttâ" ( w w t f Tw, t., w . f f . , ?/i.f., 'b?b--8?S); ( V ) W f ? - f t W f , ftft?^
? 8 i - ? 8 ? ) I Wt'Wtt?-f?tW, 8 f R l . , '2??iW i8ov!> f?./iS)brv!> it.,%
t f r o f t f t f o f w t t t t t (t^5fft)-CW 9m tlRtlTR ftt i8o-i8o, RltTt V ; (S)) t w 'Wt?ftR-?f??, WiR-ttf'Wt?, f t t ?
t?tfft?5e?t I f?f'sste witttt itttte?t fR ?R?tR fffc? 1 Wt.f?., S t . , i>!S)?, : RltTT o o - o i ; ( i o ) t f ? ftftt,-
?tf t t t t j f t w ? t ? t - m fti??f R f t f f t ('Sftftf fct ?f?f? t f t wft-:f?tf?-?f?fff?ifi W ^ - W f W , twew, i t . t i . , isov'
f i t f?*? '?il%, ?lffsll? (R) ?l?f tS?? f f ? ? t t ^ TO ?feW) ft./iS9&1 %, ?t., j. 0 ? v ! s - ( i i ) Wft-*SWff "f, f f s w f f t - W f l f ,
^5tc tft? t t t t t?fef ctftt f?fe?f Wf m i t f r o wfRtf TOR ? Rl.i'2??iW i 8 o 8 f?./iS)b-8 i'^-, 1- 8o-084i; (i?)
fWWf I RttWt W f f t - W t T O ' W t f Wtf, Wf-t TO'WW, ?? R l . , t e ^
??? t ^ w w w (W) (g.) t e w , m f f ? wif w w w (W) i s o i ft./is>b-i t., 'J- <i-<?; ( i ) w i t - f T w f , wwft
W f f W ^ ( t ) - m t ? T O ?te f f te? w|t ffftw ?ftew, W l t t f t t - t 1 ? t W , ' 2 ? ? i W w.f?., ? t . , i i f f , RltTt ?o,o8; ( i S )
W f f W ? ( t ) - m m t t w f wfw wtwcf wRf ff?we? 1 ff? t w f ^ , wft-ffrot, >sTO-ff?iw, tfrot-ffft? wfR-wt?ff, it
t l . , i o f f i ft./iS)o?'sJ., t . , 0 ? i ; ( i f f ) ^ ( R t f , W t R - f W f t -
tftwew, c f H f ? t t t ^ f t t r o tft w t ? t ? f?tet? t t ? ^ i i iSi
j j j L ^ i j <_Ji te m i tet s - ~ 1 JjJl^ roiRwi, ro t ? w t - f ? t ? wit-'wf?ff, t f s i f w.ff., ?f., 1.
ffoo; (ib) WfR-<3?tR5f, f f W f t - W f T f , W ^ W f t - f f ? , O ? tl.,
LS-^-i^'j I-JtH ur^JÎ^ ^'jj .ô
(ttft-twt.
J??; i 8 o 8 ft./iS>b-8, it., 1. iffff 1
fft., 1. ?ib-), (c? wtw?! wtft wtro f ? w cWW? fte? CtR
wswtt^^s^
ft?ef|, W f t t w '^tew f i t wtttcf ?wt f ? m i t r o tf??ew
t ^ ? f wTttcf TO ro) wfffi? Wwtw w r o f'Wt ?5ft fct? I ^rt^^-lM- ^ - R T s r t R ( j L ^ I j J l ^ ^ 1 ) S ( ? ) ,
wwst? wtf www (W)-m t t R f t c t ? w wilt cwttRf ^?t t f w f??ff wttf'^ f ? l f ^ ) f r o w t t t TO R t f vS?R, t t T O
tRtiR w wtft wtw?? ft tewt%?f ft?w ^ f'Wt tt^ Wtf Rttt?' I W f ? fa! . f ? t ? t - m wWftte? f ? f c f wTf f?t?t<3
f t f W t I f f f wtro te? m ^ f^tt f i t ct, wtro ww wtf w w r o ? W "^ttt ttcf, f ? T W f , w e t f r o wt?<3 i i f w ? fat f ^ I i?i*ii
tRfc t s t ftftt? wt? f fte?? I wst? t w o f i t wtw3it^ R f c t t ftw? feat w f ? ?'1w fffwe?? i w t f t T f t ? ' i^<3W?ltfw
^ e t ^ i Wfsw? ( t ) t w t??ic?? t t t t t tt^ntet? W W f f t f t - w i ? w f w t t - f lTftf??ii? w W f l e t ? I Rft f f f ? ct
fftiwt c?, wtw? Wwtw -at t ^ f?f?t?t TO tsflwew <3 t f - m ?i?w fife? ?ttw f ? t e f w t t ^ w r o (f t i f t f f )
t t w f ffJicff?
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Contents
W f Riftr?' wt-tmH (?) <SFF? W f R?f?t
w ? - ? n m w (tt fwsFwt) t w \9saiw w ? S ? m - m I i59lVi55''^, St., ? ? I , ' ? ? ? ; (ff) t f ? ?TSft? w t - ' w t f TWf,
t l f ^ l P l W t t W Wn f f f t^ RltTf wwft www
W I W W wlffffw-wt??"^, 'J??iw ?t., 1. 8^b; (b) ^
IS>LFF/IJff,
W t w w ? fwf? WI?
I t?5rt? (w)-ii? w i r t t t WW (?if5i?ii:?? i cttf, W T ? f i f W - W T ? ? f ? , ^ ? ? I W t . , {. I J I . B - 8 / I 8 O 8 , I I R S , I J I O ;
RRwRtf? w f ?IWPT ( W ) - i l ? fwB ?Tt5|w tWC^'il?SFT fitf (H) t f f f W f W , w t - W w R f , f?tf I 5 H ' J J / I J ' I I , ' J . ^ I O ;
f f f ? l f | W ' l I fwf? W W ? mi ???w W f ^ ? 1 ? W ( W ) , Wfft-W?W ( B - ) WtWft-ft W t - F F W " ^ , tt'Wft-F^sWW, ("WT?f?=I-
( W ) , Wf w t w W t - f T f ( W ) , 'Wtft t f ? w f WTft? (W),

WWftf"-m f t tif^), ftt? W.R., ' J . I ^ , I O ; (fe)
w t % ( W ) , 'w?fw? t f t t w ? (WX t f ? 'w??it (w), f ' w f f w ^swftfpr-ft w t - t t f ? , w t - t f t t t ( f t t ? i ^ - w t i f ? - ? tft
(w), ' W t w (w), t f ? T f w (w), t f w w w (w) 2 1 F T w w f ?tlf^), W.R., {. W?-WW?'^, t??fft-WtW F T F - I J O I ; ( I O )
'Q?tt-ffTW, ftt? W . R , I T Wf, ?t., 1. ? 8 8 I

f p j w f ? ? f w f R w e ? ? I fwf? W f W f ? ( W ) - m w w w w
F W ? w t , f f f f w ? f p i f ? w t w f ? ? f w fffwc?? I fr? w.t.t. w t f t t t w t
F I H I w f ? ?'^wwfw? tctj tcstcttw ^ c w c W sfr? fw? ^Tt^ ^llgjlit (j^M.^ ^ 1 ) s (W) Wt-Wf^, f f ftt
'W?fW?, ' W W T t f t w f ?T?1?', 'WtfW^ t f ? f t ! ? , ? M ' ^ i f f S l ? (t)-m f t i f t f ? c t t I W f w ? W f w t - ? T f f t wtw
t f ? ?T?w, t m t t f ? w t w t , W t - W W f , W f T T f f t , w w w
? I F ^ P T ? (t)-m w w t f w w t c t ? w f t t f ? f t f t t fff?nc?? i
t f t fw?, ftttn W W w f t f t 'W?ft?-?T?'tT?,
f t f w t f ? ttSTtW 'Wtit?Tft-tTWf?T ?ttf fct fWCf ttf
? T ? S ?
W t - W W t t f ? tW??I, 'Wftt tftWWflW, 'Wtft-'Wf? t f ?

?TFtct? Wtttfw t t t ?ftW WtJtffw fff?tc?? I
' W t ? t f t f w ? , W ? - f ? f '?T?"W t f ?
Wf wtt w w ^ wW-? f c a W f W t w t (W) '^tcw ? f w
? W T ? ,
Wt-WttTf f f ? W^Rfffw fffftWWt f f < f ? C t ?

I I
fc??, W f W t w t (W) i l f f t ? R t t f?c?? t t R w t f R
Wt-WWf ? C t ? , W f tTft?' WWCt? ttfwct? f W f f t f?ctt ?iff?ii? (t.)-m t t f f t F?cwt wtffc f t f f w w S t f
f?ct? mit? twct? W i t t R t R s - ^ c t f f t WWCt?
I F F ?
? j R f w c f w f c t t t ? S F ? t i l t ? i i f i t w f ? ? f w ?5?R ?t?t wu
I
wwcw tWtfw fif?lf?ct? Cttft? wfwf? WtWCtt iSPWCt?

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F ? ? T ? 8
w w t ctlcat w?tt? fRc? i l t t t ? fwR W f ftflt cttca? I

I J n A.J U L J J j M _ u > , V L > J (WW?Cf fRfttf?iCf,
tWtfw ff?i:w? <&fwwftftt wf?ffW?ttt wtw?
I
t t w t c f f t ? i c f mi f 5 T W t ( t . ) - c f ? f ? i c f f ? t f R w w f t
R 5 ? C ? t W W tWCf t t w w cwtt f R n c ? ? i W r w t t?? Wlilci'g
t f t ) wtwcf t f g f W W W ? Rcw? WW w?tiff f i f w r ? ? i
??ic wf? f j ? ' w ? ^ ^ ? ^ , f f f mraR f % w i f R ^ w f t
Wtt^ W t T f f f ^ F T ? t - m fca! ?!f ?ffttWC? i
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tt?
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t s f t Wet? t f t w ' T f w c f w f r o i - w f ?
I T W'Q?T I
?ffw ? T f ? W S P A I
ft't^ : ( I ) t t ? ?TW? W t - W t f TWf, W t t t T W , f t t ?

(stp titjf Wf?fî?tWf) ?ftW wfftw fR?|c?^ Wt-Wttf
R . St., t i t J t ffffff; (?) t ? t 'W?ftt-?t??
I
f w ? fffS m t ^ wf^ 3 ? t fR?tc?F W f ^ t ? W

I ? B - 5 9 ,
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? F F wf^wsw? Rite? F T T wRcw I Rft

w t - ' w t w t w f , W t f f f - W T ? ? f t , t f w , W , R., ?t., S O ; ( 8 )
fitcwt, Wf q?l?W ( W ) - m fcai cf? w f ? f f w fffct w R t?? WR, WTttfTft f??1, 'S??iW, W. R.fft.,ffffSI
ftew fti? ct twjwf w R f j f W f f?t?w (W) f r ? ftcf I
C?ilC? t f ?
w r w t w ?ittt, i)t f t f f t f 'Wft WWCf? (wifti fWff
?ief?) tc? ?Rw tt? R wc?? W f tTft?"-m w f f f?t
W F F F
( J J A ^ J ^ I ) 8 f t tet? F F % T f w f t t
W W T S f f fwf? t w f^twt fR:wt
I R. wcsT R f ? t f w ? W R fftew? w t f l w R w?ft msft f t f t f t t t?t wt?R
I I O I
F F F ? I
t?ffit fCtt I ,
?tc WftiRf w t t fwet 5Tffwif I I F F w ? F T ; ? ? O ? ? F F
ar^FFT ? (I)W?-fTtlf,W?IF?FFT-^fWBF,W?W?t?tt F F F ? fitett ( I O O 8 - I ? O I % >[.) RfSR f R ^ ffwftcai

(WRWWT) ilrffVi'^'!>, 2 > T . , IR59, 5 9 O ; (?) t f ? W ' T ,
cttffw t R c ? ? f?tf wRw?f ft ^tRif fwtf? fl?i^ t?ief
WW-WTWf Tft-f??I, ? ? ? I W IS'JJLR/IVSLRLR, et., O O I , > A O ? ;
t f W t f t R ( I p s a m b o u l ) Rtet t e t t f c ? ? i W f F R T F F T
( O ) f ? 1 W T tf? t t W ^ Wt-fftf, WW-WTFTT-ftf?, ( f R j f e t ? f ^ ) w t f t ^tee? t i f ? f f ? w t m I I F F & wtff?

W?t?r?tt (WRtlWj) I J I ' J J ^ I O V C I , I T Wf, f. C I T . , CI'JSO, C I ' B I ;
"WtffF t i f Wtte?? wt?wew t T W f f t ? f f t y R i ? t / F ? F R
I
( 8 ) tf? RfWt, F F 5 W T F ? - f ? F T W , WftftWf (WfwftWT) f?ftww<3 fRRs I
t t w f fffcft?
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Contents
wtf Piiii tf^ f w t T n (SI)
f i < f # w n w t i m s z p t m R ^ n%?i w t f Rrafsn snftss m w Rawlirison, A History of Ancient Egypt, n w ^

tRfSfw m wn I tm % i t n t n (fmmfn w t f fnmsn ^tc ib-b-i. A t . , o i b - A o ; ( o ) E. A. Wallis Budge. Cook's
w t f . o(? mtn S w ) cwnts wsftnf^ s f w ^ f ^ arrsmfCAs Handbook for Egypt and the Sudan2, n ^ iS>ii,
ia<pf^ 1 iAHVib-<J<J mens t s ^tc t s f n â^pf^ Ta simnlnss AffS>-toto; ( 8 ) A. E. P. Weigall. A guide to
ântssts n f s t w AS i i ^ i i m e n ^Ftfns mm? n t s w s ^ AS mi Antiquities of Upper Egypt, n ^ i ^ i o , fftoff-lto; (ff)
m n t ^ r n t^tms tms messs m n w t f R m f s n cnm AS I tms ens P. Bovier Lapierre et alii. Precis de I'histoire
^ s t f ^ ffn^ WWt w liwsitf t s ^ i d'Egypte, t j t t s n iS>oii, i t . , i t o o - i ; (to) S. Mayes, The
Great Belzoni, n ^ iS.fft, i o i i t . ; (1) "JA-Tmn s m f ,
wtf t^RRn isit "^len wsRo ^ t j ? aR?s m w s ws^tens w m
mttw nt w I nRis ajtmêss f s e t n m e s btffss sffs
wtn-ss-Tfgn^'i^t-ntft tnn-RniRn- fnn-fsnit, mm\ is>too.
i,t./8t., A O o - i ; ( b ) W. Macquitty, Abu Simbel, n ^
>ss^ m n ssRmeA i ât n R i s mfn tnnfn ^newis mm
ifetoff, (S>) G. Gerster, Saving the ancient
Wls5wns5^4 f m H n i ib-io m e n J.L. Burckhardt ^ws?
temples at Abu Simbel, in National Geographic
f g w s nf%s1?s S f m ^ e n s âst ib-ii m e n t m % i n:fH#
Magazine, cxxix/ff (ittoto), toS>8-l8ii i
Giovanni Belzoni s ^ w f Sm SemtmRS ^ t w sttfnet
R. Y. Ebied (E. I.^, Suppl.) ^ [ ^ p w t m ^ ^
m^'fmes wwim tin i
w t f tnfrfsens aism -siRfsi? is m e s cmfn >as?. oo t^rsts I)
S vj)b- Rf^ts U'sm I îRfess s l t w i e t (Facade) sttsteA t^tn ( m ) , >5ss>sR 5sttws n i A i f i wtais a t f w m n . ^sntAs i w t f t n m ^
S^ N
stnenn->iis t s m n wtsncss msl? w t f n flw' i nfêss atest n e t s WtAts S t m ^ 1 >iit mesit twin nnfsss tisfbw H e m inms sif
^ws m c f ^tl? s # m lilt nssn f t w s ajfw^ ao fî. S ^ i tm'wt etteai w t f . ffbs ^. twRf wmstAt ; twR Hen^
t n i t s s m c n n >iit nf%s1?ess i j t t ? f s e n s w t Thebes->as wt^tewg însmnm^ t i t w m m m m f 'Sssît tsn RjA-n-t^t (sr)
Amon Re Heliopolis-ias Re-Horakhti-ias men (s.)->5s cwjt m m I ' S w t m (m) ste f w R ^ se.ness ss5
Sen'f W 1 Henn i wtms s t t n R m ^ s wtf'Rmtn tf^? tnA-n-m tsn ^srnn
^gws nt^sl? ( S ^ m e f ) f^tnw AS n w n w we'Wi t s n ss-mn t s n ^ tf^? s s t f s t f n t -mn t s n f m ^ t s n w t m n
^ f e s NSS?, tm e n f Hathor-ias aftw sratesf Rvfn t f n ipnsm i
mnenn->iis t # m f Nelentar-Nss men ^sn'^ffw AS i t m s w t f tnmn ( m ) t t w s e ^ s fest t n n t n stst w ^ mi w m t m
n u t m e t s wntsss^ct sltsieA ffs'wKs^ <3 wtms t i l t s ^st? off fB m s t f s ntt stfms f t w s w ssesn i w w g t s s m , ^ t ^
S^ffw.i f e ^ stfîaiA (n)->iis ntt w t t s t ^ t ssesn i ff f t . t m g f c^tra
S ^ ^tesiA w t f t m l s n t i A l ^ t s t i n s t ^ im5. ^ Rnt^ ntf. f s r s w t s wsestes t f s s A^ mi S ^ wsemsssten fwR
mi nt%s1? Burckhardt s s ^ ffrfnfms A ^ s H f n t w tnfwsstn ssem i w m wtsts s n n s t m f i n s o s n s i w w s t s
wtfw tin I tssf ^gws' n t m l ? stn[snwi t n n f ^ AS .ntt mi WtAtem n t f , f s t n w t s ssnsîen ms^n ssst. AS i m f t '
fnsst^ t s n n t f (wif. tn^fsn s t e w wffnrfnsi a m t n ) attens tsfn-wtasiA", fsss t f n A'nts^f arrets s^rrmw fwR ?mnfsms
w f s m t n t t t m e ^ f f s m s ^'^Rsnf csâtn ctlînfeAs w n s n t n m ntn'wtfs-tsn-ntn (g.)->ii nnatt^ s t f g a t A (n)-ias Ate
^ê w R i s n ^ w m wiîssiet m s m n ssfsw i es^sn wt*itn^ *wiss ntn'wiw A^, fssf lat n*fm n f ^ neA i sstst ,mn'wtws-tsn-mn
a r ^ s t s t t m s t f feias f%t%e ^ n R t t twi%w t n n ^ mnf? AS to^ ft., w t s n t f ^ m n w i s w s e m s m n f ? w AS ffn
ttsmnnrmf s^stf ^ n r m t ^ wtwstens tsmsets f e s w t f ft. I WTS w t f f m t n ( m ) cn >iit wscmsssien t n f w m n ssem cn
Rwlsens wmitn tmfiA^ i m t t i e s arts nssn ^^fwAtfnss <3 fmwRii m'^ i atfw srttrs
wtnmn-ias S ^ sts f ^ t s w i is.toto m e n f n m?is t t n , ms'wifs-tsn'nR-ia a i m ms'wtw jitAt ssem.wtms t ^
tiRew m w s fn R n f e w AS I f n netis a w s s m n t i R f m t n t f n w t f t m t n & . ) ; tsjesst wtAtm w n n t w w t f f m t ^
s t e w m% ^ I t e s s s ^ sssts w m Smelts wn:wn mmem t t'a nRimcî
ssm AS mi e s t t s w tisi "ste ^jnw c t i m t ssm A t s l f i n wtms f ? t # t s . ( i ) t s n m'n, wT-wTsrss-twn-fsm, cssr wt.R.,
S ^ % s 'jmfs S m e m ntrsiRtw sssi AS i ot., s>o; ( A ) t s n ATSFts wtn-'wtnss-'intf, wtn-tn'tm, fnns
sf?t# ? ( i ) ' w i # t t m ^stsTss, wtn-ftwt^-w- i o A b ft., 8 t . , % s>to, m t n ff HA; ( o ) t s f n - w t t s , -n^-t-Tst,
wT#tfss-nTtfn- w i f m , f n r ^ iooo- t t . , v t . . is-iff; (a) G . cAm ioHH ft., S t . , % A ^ i - w , ; (8) m s n ' ^ - f ^ ^ t n f ,
t n n t f fstessts
t.R.Vsff
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Contents
w t f R W T (ft) w t f f f t t t t w TT??
l % t ^ - f - i T t f t , Xjm-t t f w f e j t w , mm ?/?f., f . (g.ff?)

Oilr; (<2-)WT?-f1?tf,WlwlRwlffttf-t'l?Tft,?WW w t . R , ?f.,
( ^ 1 AU^ J_.I) S (W)
i1(}--i1^, tltJT ?o8v5; (^) t w t f t f , Wtf-%tf?-TOlff-?m,
'Wt?t?? f t t w cftat ^?t??T? WTW, i l f w ? W T f I t f ? f t f f W ?
f t W - T O W , i t f t , WfTRt i S o l r R./iS>b-1 ?f., 0 ? 0 ;
( t ) ^t w f ? ?f?I ?#?1t?? il?i f'Wt? t w 'WT#W? t w
(1) t w 'Wtttft-ftW, W t t - t f f "Wtf, ftf? Wt.ft., S t . ,
?-Tf?, f W t f t W t w 'WtttW? f f t ? T f W T ? f t 5 t??t?T
i.!5b-S-iN!3b-ff, f l t J T oo?i; (b-) t w ^ T f ? , Wtt-ftftft
?sRnc?? 1 c r o c r o t f - w t w '^=titt? w t t - ' i f T f t f w R g ?Tt%5
TW-ft?ift, f i w t - R r o wTt-'wtftf, i f f t , 'Jwr* i o f f i
? t t w ttatt f f e t t w i t w T t w ? w t t - ' w i t f - t w f t t t w t ? ? ,
1t./ifeo? o f . , '=J. o ? ^ ; (fe) ^ CtW5, W t f - ^ l f t - t t t T f t - T U t ,
'tf-wtw'^=tlfsi? W t t - W T f w t f f W m ? t t W tw^ i l f W ? f t t w
???iW WT.ft., ? t . , ^. ffoH; ( i o ) WTt-'SftR-f, R o T f f - f T t - T f ,
WTf I f r ? t f t t t t ? wtit? t w t ^ t ?tt?it? I f t t w t w t f w t ?
O f t t , ^ttr i 8 o 8 t./ifeb-S i t . , 'J. iffS 1
f r ? f t t t w w t f ?-tWf, f T T ? tt W f f t w ? , twTst? W f f
.'Wftt? w w t f f'Wft t t w 'wt?tft-?f??-ii? t t w t f - w t w
n^"Pmt (i^j^ s (w), w t t - w t t f i f wtt-tift%, 'wftttg? ftblt f t t t w t?t i
t t w f I w t f ft-ftt? t f t t ? WfTTR t w t ^ t ? % i t ? I c r o c r o f ^ t i t ? ( i ) t w T M ? w t t - ' w i t f - t w f , Wft-tt-ttt, t t t ?
t C t t , WTT? t i t f T t f t w flft?^, t W ^ t t f t f t w '^1^ I iO?b- tt., S t . , b-ff, t l t r t ffoi; ( ? ) t w 'Wt?ftt-?T??,
tnro'G t t w t w w ' t 1 t ? f t - ? i ? f ? t t w ?5-i?t t w tw W I t - t t f ' w t ? , t t t ? iO?b- tt., S t . ,feÎ
wtft ft-?W t w 'TTftts t w ' w f t t f t - t T S f W ? 1 t w f t f t ' ^ CTTtt?wtt%?
v 5 f t t - t t t ? 1 ^ f f t - a WTW? W f t i f t l f W f t W ?f?t t # ? T t W I
wrt^ *tpiiii "5,1^ (^ I) 8 (W)
wiTtf ft-?WtWf1?f"S?W^ 1
t w tWtJT f ? T ? f ?ltf? 'WTW f i t ? CWcg? t t t t i l t l t w ?
W t f ft-?w (w) ftt? trot? w?,f2t?t ?5f??iRct? m i f?-TWt
t ? t ^ . W ? W f Wtf? C?TfI?t1? l f ? T W f (t)-il? ^Ww f t W t f
t?f?-?tf' W T t - # f ? WtT W f W f Ctfft?t ?t?Tt ?5f?t? ?ftW
f t R t ? t f f t - ? ! ! ? ? t w 'w!?ttt-fwtt? ^tc Rgw?] I f T ?
W?t?T? I t w f t ? R ? t ? t ? R g f C ^ f f f 5 t ? t % t ? I
ttt f t t ? iltl f w ? t f W t ( f f W ) f t t - s f W WTf
w t f ft-?W (W) Wf5[W? ( t ) -S w t f WtfT? (W) f f t W T f
TWSfTW?itf t ^ ?tillC? I 'wtro W t t i f f t t t ? fW1?jTf? t t t t
?tc w f ? ?f?t t # ? t t W I 'WttfWT t w f T ? f ? , f'fWt,
tjT i l f t t WWSttWf t l t t ^ t t t t t?Ct? ( w t f t Cffil'S t ^
f?-1Wt t w f 1 ^ % t t t w W t t f f t WtT? ftft ?ttw
t l t t f ^ f i t ) I f f f ???W f ? T W t ( t ) - i l ? t t t ? f f ? i l t t i t
ft^sWWw f f t W t W I fw?ftt'^ WW^ f t f t f w t f ft-?W ?ttw
WTtt ft?W f f ^ t l t t w t f t , "[tt?, W ? t f f t w ? ttt Cft?
T f ? ?f?t ?W !t?It? I
Cft? f??C? t?Ctl(fW fC?? I Wff f f t t ? (W) 'WtfT f t t t Cftcai?
' 0 f t ttt?tcg f t t t w WfWf?^c?T?tft?ct? WW WtTt??
f t t ? ? i t f f t w f f f f f ?S,t?'Oftt ??? f?"1Wt , ( t ) - i l ?
w f t f w i ? t I f W t W f R t t t t w f T : t ? w f t f w i ? t w i îroT^
fttttftwt? w ? f f w , f f f f T ? R w f t w w t f w ? t t ? ?Ti? wwtt
WTf R ? W C?TW'w?tt? Wffft? f t w ff?W W ^ f f t ? tWT? ?TR
: f f f i t W I f f w g t t t ? f f ? fttw W f ^ W t f W ? C?Wf w ?
w t t t t I WTT? f t t i w f f w ?5t?w witttw wttttw twft W t W t t
fftc? ir?i ?/'b?8 t c ? i f f t ^ ti:$? c? f f t f W f f w t ^stt
f t t t w t t f ? I f t t twft f ? f t ? w t f t w c?iw f t e w I trt
f T t t CtWCf fifWftW? f R t w f I t , ffsttCtJ t T ??? f ? T J W
twft c t t t ^ W t t f ? I f t f f W ? ( t ) i t f W Wfttw ftt?W t t t
(Tt) ^ i w f wtapttt? ^ t R ? W f f ? ^ttttlt I i t w ? t r ? f f ?
f1%w ?? I ilt t f t t W W W WTWT W w t w w f t t ?5t?? s
WTtflT? WW WICfW wttttct t W ? f R t t w t f WTTR? C t f t f f t ?
"cwttw cwtc?? f ^ t t t t ?ttw 5 t ? t t f t W T W t r o W W T ?
i f f T w f ? WSff? Cf?t ff??fflt I f f f f f ^ w ? c t f t f ? f t t
ro" ( ? s i v i ) I
w t f f f f t ? (W) f t t t t w t t f ? Wfaptt ilfttt t w t ? t c t Wff
^ f #t S ( i ) t w TTWt? Wtt-'WTtf-TWf, Wlt-tt-T^, t t t ?
W R t f w fi?c ? w t t ? r o ?? I f c t t w w R t t ?ft?? ftttc?
io?b- tt., S t . , i o v ; ( ? ) t w 'Wt?ttt-?T??, W i t - t t f w t ? ,
ft T ? 1 WTf f f W ? (W)-il? fatCfT? t t t j T I t W T W f??
t t t ? i o ? V tt., S t . , 'j. i o i ; ( o ) f t ? t - s W t t f j f t Wtw-
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?t., j. sob- I f f R f ? c t ? w f ? t f f i t t t ir?i o/4>?ff t t ? t f w w R f c t cff?
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t t w f ftfCfft
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tnnif fstcssin
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f T W <m\ f T W I W T t T W f e w W W f f W T R f t f t t CtttttRf f?r? W 5 ^ W W ? t r s ; i W f f W t t t e ? ? f c t f t t f t ts.R'S ?bw

?ai^ T^sm? t t ? Rft ' w t t f t t (w)-ira wwwPt f t f t ' t i t f w # i R w t f i c ? w w ? f t ? f w wtc? I f f ftftt wffftet?
Wfff|i^(t)-mtlT?T?tTfTt rotflwlTfUttfieft iWffW? tf?tt ftttf 'R?ift fttwt' f t f f ^ C f t t t?Rw? f c s f f t
( t ) w t ^ t T f eitgtc^^ f t t t sttH fftw f : t t , w t f f f W t W # l R Wftc? ffww? (f. M. Plessner, in Islamica.
t t f t - T t f t ? W f i w t t f ? t e t t I W W 4 W f f W ? ( t ) tftwew, wtf 1931. 534-8; add Brit. Mus. Or 9033; cancel Bodl.
f f W t w t w t tftttTRsr m w t t ^ CWf, wtft W T C f wtwft I Marsh 539; Leiden 133 ? ^ C ? Wt-ttW?ft?
W f f W ? ( t ) w t w c f t f t c w t , w t f t wtw f f t f f t ? i t w (W)-ira wt-f?ftfff w t f f ? tiR ilfft w^ttR ?ftwe?)
w w t ^t f f t c t w t stct I fft WffW^ ( t ) ^c w f ? t ^ 'R<3?tf't-R'fW' ?tc w t t - f ? ? i t w f fw? 'wtt-ftwt
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f f w t c w ct, W f f W ? ( t ) t f t w c w , ct f g w t t t t ttc f e w (f. p. Kraus. in Ble, 1937, 207-IC, 1938,
f t t c t t wftftt wTwrt f t w t . c t t w c t f s f t t t c f W I W ? w w w 146) 1 W W W t 5 ??5r^t? t f t ? tt?ft f f t ? f tTt?% WW
twft'few w I w t f fW?We??5fW?f t t C t ^ ? j ? ? I ? f 1 f W C ? r ' ; t W t f f ?
ftf we?, w ^ f W ^ ( t ) - i i t t t t wwcw C5?tttt- W f W wft ( f ? t ? W3!), f f ? f t ^ , ? 8 i - ? 8 0 , ?8b-; t w W'?T?, 5. P.
f i t TW?T ?tett s wfw? t f t wft lttt (?T), T i t i t t f t ' w t f iâus, Jabir Ibn Hayyan, i. p. 43; tW ttltftw,
t t t W F T l t t t (tT), t f t ' W t ^ t f t ' W t f f t - f ^ ' t t t t , t t t t t i , S., iff,ff'^,i o 8 , i V ^ - t I
t f t t t t t t t t t ' w t t t ttftt W f f W l H t t f t - ? L T F ? ( ? T ) i artf^t 8 ( i ) f f ? f f ^ , ? ^ 8 , o i ^ ; ( ? ) W f <swt', ? T ? f
W f f f t H ( W ) t ^ f a c t ? t t ? wtt? f f f w t f twtff1ft-twt, (Amedroz-Margoliouth), 75-7; ( o )
wttw c t e t f s ^ t t t e t t w c fft t i % f l t f e w i ft?t?<3 ?t??If^, WRWf R ? i f ? t - f t f t t ( m . wR), tS-ff; ( S ) W f ,
te fft W T t t t ? t f t f w t l c t ? I ?o R , f%^te ftsfft t c ? t?ft, ? t . , b-fe; o t . , i o o ; fft, Obo, Ofeb- ( W t f ?nWI?
fft t f % f i t f e w I w t - t w f t c t w t ? t c f W f ? f ? t ? ? I f f f W f t l e ? ) ; ( f f ) w t t W t t - W t W f f , V i ; {<b) t f f t - R ' f " f .
wtc?, f f J ? f? ff? f C ? ffw W5t??IC?t fft f w i f f W ^V?-o; (H) t f t -Wtf tfttR'W, it., oî-?; (V)
wt^ttlct? 1 w t w ? t?ft-tMt? (?t) i?t? wi?t?l? wwe Brockelmann, 1. 236, SI, 377; (s.) f ? - t W t t w
tWtRfcw I 'Wttfft-?I??t? f T t f f , f ? ? - t W t - t W t f f W ? W ? tt?R*#t
f^t^ s ( i ) t f ? Ttwta w t t - ' w i t f T W f t , w t - t t T ? i , f t t ? ttRft (IHibl. de la Societe des Etudes Iraniennes.
iO^b- R, S t . , S>o-S.i; ( ? ) t f ? ' W t t f f t - W W , W t t - No. 5), Chalons- surSaone 1 9 3 3 - f t W f T W (Bist

t t f ' w t t , f f t ? io^b- f t . , S t . , vo-Vff; ( o ) ^ t t t t f j f t Makala). Teheran 1934, 94 t. i
wt-f?ftft, v 5 n t - t f w t f w t w t t - t f w i t , ffff W . R , S. M. Stem (E. I.^) ?tlW ^
(Jfeb-; ( S ) t f ? W t , T?t^T, ?t?i W . f t . , S t . , SS> I
rf^ sjt'il'il ( < J i U . u j_ii) 8 (w), w t - w i t w f , w t w t
c?tte? t f ?
c t t f ? w w f I t?ft-w?w-ii? ttw W f t t f Rft ? i f f : w ?
rf^filiiiiH (oi I) 8 F ? F W T T F ? LFT? T F ? ( t ) - i l ? . W ^ W f f f w c ? ? ! w t f ?Tft W t ? - W f ? tc Rft
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ooo/sii?, f . w f t f f t f mafiib-a t t t I f f f W W t f ? t t f t ( f . wwt test f f f t t e w I e? W t T f , W f ' w t f t t f t - w t w , t w
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f ? t ? ? t e t f f f f c t f t t f t s T t t i t f f e w i ?iwtt%t W f f f tet? tcstftfttc?? I
t e t t f w ? fff^ fit I f t w tffctet? w?WT wffcf? ff? ?lffW? (t) Jtc wf? f f t t fff?te?t I twt f t t f ,
w f f w i e f ? ? i i ? f w ? t f r f f f : v s t?j trtcSTf? ?t?t? t f ? W f wift w?-?if, t t f t - w i t i t , w t f ' w t f t t f t - w t w t f t
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W - W ? ' ^ ( f . ) - i l ? f ? f c 5 t f f I W W ? ?fb a t t t t f , t f e w (t) f t t t c ? ? 8 W f ? tftTe c w w e t ? f f f t iit? t w t t e t ?
f g i n ' W t - f f tttw' ' w t - t t w w t - f w i w w ' t f T wtff? ?tc??i?wctttct? t f f t ftwt w f ? ? ^ f t f c t I t t f t
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t t w f tffCft?
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gnHi nP^^pK (n)-c^ sPiC'o Rntcm s "wjs wfnsjo cwmtms stx't^ i ( i ) t s n Atwts wtn-'mn^tntf, w t n - t n t m , fnns
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ttr Atcn i" sscsn I ntm^^, RittRmRnts (fnfsnts t. w ^ ) tnnf msm
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csntcswS^ ^ f n f ^ AtSiCA I
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^mnn t f n 'wtm-ias m m f|cm i i^fwmfn^ t f n t n A t s ?
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sscm I t^Ffffmts
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tt'smnrnmi
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tt<3stntnm i n^?nmfnAAsi
tnntf fstemn
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: ( i ) W f RTOfwt W R - # g t ^sT^f wwtroi-wtw W?-?Tf Wf ?tfwt-ii? ffr?f? ftff?w fffff p. Kraus

(Ms of the coll. of S. Smogorzewski), fol. Wttff ffs?t îfrf? i f f t ?5fff fffre^w sffff ?#?tr??) i
14r-16r; (?) E. Masqueray, Chronique d'Abou f t t ^ ' ( ffwtft-ftf, ftfttfwtrtf Schefer, 186
Zakaria, Algiers 1878. 41-49; (o)-tmf,fwi1?,ft?im (tTf. f f t f f f , i(2-<i); (?) t t f f f f , tf^'WW ( t t Bunz), 130;
i o o i , f ? . iov-V t.; ( 8 ) TOTPpf, f f ? ' ; ?o?-o; (<?) t f ? (o) fftRs, iVb-, iVfe; ( 8 ) t t f t f f , Wt-ft?if'; ?^'t; (ff) t f ?
f t f f . Hist. des. Berb., i. 221-3, 379-85; [b] , Ttwt?, fttfft-f?f?, i t . , i ^ 8 ; (b) W. Ivanow, A guide
Descriptio W t - t l t f M ) (de Goeje), 83-4; [H] H. to Ismaili lit., 32; [H] ^ Cttf, Studies in early
Foumel. Les Berberes, 370-80; (V) R. Basset, in Persian Ismailism, 115 f.; ( V ) P. Kraus, in
JA, 1899, ii, 115-20. Orientalia, 1936, 38 f.; (fe) cttf, ?ftftf fittffftt R
A. De Motylinski-T. Lewicki (E. 1.^)/ wf ttf? W?-?ff, i t . , ?fei f.; ( i o ) Brockelmann,
Suppl. i t . , o?o I -
f?r3nT tftf? t t f
S. M. Stem (E. 1.^)/ ttff?ftf
^-^ftf^ ^-sj^Tl^ (S. W?-wtwit)
] I) 8 tT5t t f ? f?tRft W t - i f f t f ?t?t? ' W ? f

W?'ttt tf? ?t?-il? eftft? ttWl*rf sJtft? t t t
Ttttt?
Wltt-ff^ff, f. ?ffff/bn!sfe I ?5ffw WCl, ?t?1 WtSCt? ftfwtWf?
(sfb1?f), ?t?-il? R f t t f ? t f t ^ cwtt? Wtist?^ fC?? 1 Rft
ftrt?,tftw t w f f w fft?f f ? t r f ftfwtwtf ttf'?? (?ffw, ot.,
ftct? ?lf ?Rt1?t ?5f?w| w t ? f t W ? S I ?T?-il? t t ^ - ( f ' W
88) I f f ? W f f t t t W t - W ? t f f , W f t t f t t f tT'tr?
2f5l?f) f?t?t?' w!?tCf wt?t? etfwf?f??iCt t r ? t % 5 fC?? I Ws8t?
t f f t - f W g t , W t - W t t l ' ^ f f C t ? fTffft fIctt I WTT?
W f Wffl? ft-TO-il? ti^Hf^R* ?tct W f Ttft tftca? tt?Kt
f tfftrt? trtr t f ? f f t t t wt-fti?<ft fustrttfr i
T?rcf wfttftw fc?? I iittc? f w f t ?i?-ii? f ' w 8frott?
?iTf?tfft?irf f f t cwtt trtffsit? ftct?. tt I f t f t fffct?
(tt'<3?t) ctwcf? f t ftcwt f f w f fC?? I f???^^ f?stf, R f t
fttifttft, f r e t ? ? 5 ? ^ f w ? f wwfat f r ? ffrft CW3!
?1?-il? ftt??5Wt W?'ttt t f t ' W f C f ( O o 8 - i i / - fei^-?8)
fit I f t t i t frfoftf f T ? f b w ftfatffift f r i ? tft f : s t
W W ( t t t i ' i f f ) ffww fc?? I t i t r f ctttttflf ? t ? wfwt?
f i f t i e s ( A Haffner, Drei arabische Quellenwerke
?sf?tt (oii/fe?v0/8) W f ? t f t 'wf ffct? ttcf W C 3 t t t
uber die Addad, Beimt 1913, 160-2) i w?irtj
t k t ? wtj ft?ttt-ii ?t? I ?wf? t w ?? cttft? ftcf tl?ftf?w
f f s R wnfR fftw ?f??Tc? 8 ( i ) wt-wrft, ed,
(g.) f ? f ? f ? f t t f tfsft f f W I f ? ? f wet f f t tttttftw
Haffner! % f. i'bo-?ofe; (?) w?-tttt, ed. B.
t t t f ^ f c t ? f?C?tffot f?C W f f t t , W f ?tfwt W f ? fttlt?t
Lagumina in Atti... Lincei. Scienze morali. Ser
fTj5R^--ii v5ntTi f T t f f f c t t (tft oiJ/joi t r ? w ? t ? -
4, 8, 5-41; (o) W w - w t f ^ >8?t-wt%, Ms. wftf?, f.
?t?WR-il? fttff W ) I cttftctt ?,i/fe fc? f?t? fff
MML\, 1923, 340; (8) Wt-fWtft?r?, ed. 1. goldziher.
?? ? f t ? t tffSft? t f ? ? t w f ? tr? fr?? 1 wr? f f t ? wff?f&t
Abh. Z arab. Philologie, ii, Lleden 1899.
tw!?tfw?e? I
2 t t f ^ 8 ( i ) fftfftw, ffb--fe; (?) W??tf, wt??fft-f;ff
f?t? ?f5w f ?i?f<i tr?j ' w t - f t f t tftrfwf fftrtw i t?t
ed. K.V. Zettersteen in MO, 1920, 22; (o) f t f t f ,
?twf f???f f w ? f ? wR?H I t?tr f?t? wttf vsf?
wl?tftwed. F. Krenkow in RSO, 1919-20. 127, no.
f t t f t j ttw fftftr?, wfb t?trw t t t i ' s t f t w f t C T ? t w f tf^
35; (8) W t f t f , f t T , ?ffi-8; (ff) fff'w, wt-t?fft, 8t.,
?ft?tr? (ffftft? tifw^ f???c'=t? WtT f,. A. H.
?ffV; (b) t f ? ftflff?, t l ?'i>'i>; ( l ) flR'^, f f ? W f t Wftf?,
al-Hamdani, Actes xxle congres des
?ItW?lt|V7 i o o w R. ? t . , i<tb; ( V ) t f ? TTWT?,
Orientalistes 291-40; W t - t f tT?' t f t f i f f tttt f fr^
wi?ffw-WT??f?, Tt?t?t?tt io?>!5 R , ?t., ?ff't; (fe) f f f f ,
Rft w?-fTtrf (5.)-? t f r tiitf^ twtirt? f r ^ tttrttwt
f f f t , ?-!**; ( i o ) Brockelmann, 1, 107. S.l. 157.
fr?? 1 1 ^ tw?tt W?-?ttff? 'wt-tt?ft' f c t tJttit f?f ?? I
B. Lewin (E. 1.^) f ? t ^ t t t t t t f
t ^ twftc?fC?? f?S?lt f i f t f f ittiCf fftwt f i f t t W f ?tfwt-il?
WtTft-ff^ft fttf f t t ^ < fftffs ?tct ilt tjtftr?
f - ^ f t c ? ? f f w ? t w t t w WS'SS f ^ ^TR (tffftf W f ?f?s? offs R., f r ? ttrt? f R l T f w tf ? j R , f f ?Tt f ? i w t w t f f
ttttf ft'JiCft?
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wrfAif*pt (ii),tjm
tsn ftnstn tsn wi^'ntn tsn ft'ssm i sHj<t>H Ate mnr-t^st? f n s s t n m ^ sslninmeas wtn wfwstft w n mt im
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tnnif fstemn
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. wtf T i f w (?)^tTO Wtf T f f t (?),tTOI
f i r a ? t i ^ f w w f t T W T t t rot f t t t w 9m i c f t t c f t t Wt?-?t^ 'wtw ft?lf?t-Wt^'3Wt il??. f f W t f t - t l ? t W t w t fT^

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rott c r o t f e w I t f W f t - R w w f c f f tftt w f w f t t t t w t f f l f ? , wPT-ftwtw-wf?, w i t - f t ? t ? ^ - t t ' f t ? wtnw f t tttt
T t f f t ( f ) - m t i f P t w wtwTW? t i w t ro t w t w t TtWfCW wtf T t f w (?)-ii? wit? t?,-aFtw fbWttw? teste?ftT c t t f t f
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f t f t t i W f fc^ t w t i c ? w t r o wfwtcw? f t f 3 t f ?wi? ^s ( ? ) - i l ? W I t - W t r o w t f - * t t ? ? t f ( ? ) - i l ? wtt-wt?t I
f g f ? 1 t t w f w i t ? t i f t e ? ? ?TTtte? twf? c? t f t twtw t t t t wtf T t f w (?)-ii? w f w f e t ? f t t f ^3ffwif?w
t t i c W M f f t f c t wtf T ' i f w (?) t t w f w t t t f i a ? w f f f
tfwcf? W W c? ww^ W t w fffwflet?, W W t r w t w f t t t t w
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tg? f?t I t t t t W f ? t f w (?) w t c ? ? t i t f f f ? t w t ?
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ftfwfiet? ii?? t t w f wttc?? f c t t t f f tftf-tftte?? tegte?tw
tgtw wt? f f f t t f l c t ? I twtf t?fttf C f t ? few wtffiiw w t T W ?
ft?et w t r o fbW-wtw t f t ?t^sS?fwf ^3 ffprfff fwtt ^ê
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f?w?, fgt?, t ^ f f t t e t ? ? T t f f twt%? t t ? sftfSw f i t il??.
fiettt^tf ffro-ffe?itct t T wfffw? ffsf f i t , teftttf t T f i t
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f f f "ft Rtttffe ro f f t t t c f ?if w^ ftttc??, wtf ^ t f w ^
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wtft f w ? cw? ftwt^ sj?t f t ? w I ?ft WtWCW? f i r o cw? f t w g v u f f t t t r t t f t w t t w f e w i wit-f?wic?? 'frwsi
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t f w T t ? # ( w t ? f f w - w t ? f ? , i t . , 8fl-i; w t f t W t r o i o t . , t f w - f f f w ? f w f ? w w r f f f TOtttW w t t g ? fRe? i f?-t?
o>J5b-; wtt-t?fW, i8?-88; W W f f f W t f T t f W , it., ffc?tf Ttfe:?? cw3t ctt T t f ? f t ? t t f f f w ffw f t ^ i t
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w t t f w R ? tc5f wtwt-wtewbw ?#ew? i i t i j f f t w f s t f ? W T f e t ? tcet?. cw3i>G fR i i t f R w t t f ? f e w i t T O
ftft?w f t i t w ?iffc? 1 w t r o w t t f t e t ? f f w f ? f ?i'^f (m^, w ? t mm fwR tttc?, f%ict t c f f w ftffct>Q W f f W ^
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t t w f tffcft?
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WfTl%Ft (?),tTO Obi w i f T i f f t (<i:),tTO
croar R R w t t j R f o wRsiTO? t w tPCtftw? wR>ic^< <^^Vii8?]-? ' w f w <3 f f f w ? W f ? W ? ^ W - W ? l R ' f

ffCfWWCf t c i t e W t J I 'W^TW ^ P l f ^ l t l f ( ? ) [f.
cwt Cftt cwcai f f s f t t c?? t f f t i f l wtftjicw \5?-iojo]-il? wttpf? t w t t t w f ? W t - ' W f l t t a t f ^
wcf R u t t - t w i f t l f f S Rwctt t R f f t Rw^ a t r t t f Rft W i f t t t - W t T ? <3 WCBj? w f t W l f t t w f f%W aiR&lCH? w ^
w f t f t f f f t t w f f t r w t r tWCf t f c t ? t f t w t m w t R f t f ^ I t t t t W f t - w ? ? - i j ? f f ! t t c w c t f i ^ wte?ft?l?
W1t-ttR?'tlH t t t I t t R f ' T f t i f f t t J C Cftt fwRt sff t ^ t W f w tR<3 c t t t f t Wtsct? w f t W l f f t t W t t t w t '
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W t W c f f W o f W w R SiCtlwf t ItCtfbô Wf^tft Wfc^-S a f l t ffww? w t I R f f w ? i t t t t w t w j te? I t f W ^
t?t? t t f t w c ? I ffcsft R w t Rctif ?tct t w t w w t i l t W t - f f ' ? I f - i l W f T i f w (?)-iI? ?f5W 'Wfw t W f f W W?ft
w c w wRt aRi-ffsR w f f W e t w o t f t w wRtw t f t f f e w I w c ^ test fffwc?? s ( i ) w t - f f f " ^ - W f t i ? , (?) 't?w?
t f t t W f ? " t f f t (?) i i t t i f , f R t w R w t t ^ W t - W f t C f f t f ^ f ^ , ( o ) Wt-'Wftt ^tlt-fWWRt, (8)
f f f ' T W a c f w f w t ? fcwtettf ii?i w Cft? f c w w ctw w?-?it ' w w t - f iwRm I t i ' s W R i f ( f . bb(i/ii<!ib) t s f f t w
f t f t R ? ffittw t w t ? twtiet? t w w f - w ? w 9 R <3 f a f t t i f w f ? i f w ' W t f f wff?f?!ss test t t I W f T t f w (?)
f t w w f t f f f s f e w I f w ? ftwew wf%ewt f W ??, f f ? 1 f t t W f t - t W t w f T t f w t w 't?JltH w t - t t f WW t R S w
f f f Wttca? c f i t Cfi?fijtff?ftft-fttit iR?t? ffwt t?iew ftw? 't?wt w t - ? i f c f f t f f w f T ? f s f f e wfwowtw f r ? f f ? ^
t w t i c t i w ? ffwicw I t i w ^ W t - w r t w f ( f . 8^0/ io\i) f^tffw w f w c W t t f ? t w f f f W C W I W f T t f w ( ? ) i t f6f^
i l t t ? f W W W f f f ^ f % ? W t J f 1 f ? ? i f tf?tf|W ?t 1 iltSft wt-*wftt w t - f W ' w R t <3 w t - f f f " ^ t - w t t i c w ? t e ^
f f w t w W f f f f % f ? W T f r ? ftw? t R , w f f s f R - * i f w w t c w ^ e w iva>5sb-/ife8fe WCt aififfw ?ttrc? I t w t W f
f r ? tifftw f f f T tte^st "^wgftwww gtiffw ?? I f f ' W t i f w (?)-il? t t w f ' w f w t f ? ffwt t W C f ff^tw fstftw
w t ? t S p t ^ f r ? SiRft f f i t W RWC3? ^ t i t w f?W? a f f t i5tt w t - f f f - ^ - W f t t ? ! i t 'SJflt f t w fr^w? ^ e
w f ? , f t n w f ? i f R ? f t ^ t t fwet? ?? atet f?1^ f:a!? ? ^ f @ w ?twe? I w?t?iwet? w t W f t - w - ' w f f f f f
t ^ t w t w WW 2tWt f f w t c ? ? I t w t W f T l f f l (?)-iI? s i f l f f o t????tftt t t f w fiiftw I i o ? i R . W c t T t t t l t t t ^ c w
t i f f t w f f f T f t f t t f?c^ w?fif f t ^^cs t v s w t f t t rR ^nwfw-t-'sti?' w t - f f f W f ? i ? - i i ? 2ttt t?fe<i<3 t w
w t f W w stbftw t W f w ?? I t r ? w i T o t Mfi ^t, tre atftffs ?t?llC? I i t atet tRWCt? t f t c f f t f ' w f w ? f W
t t w f t ? s R ^ t w <3 wtwtttet? w f f f f W t t Wtet? tew test t w ?ttlC?, WTCW w f f f , f w t f f w , wiwffw, 5?tftt
w t - f 5 - ? w t , T t f ? , t w w R " w e w wewcf i i f l t t w ? f f f w w , f ' w wt?RttteiT? f f f c w f i t f t - w i w w c s ? f R ?
f w w f f R i t w o t t j t t ^ t w^tffw ?t?lc? I w t t , f?w? ff^tff w e W M i f W ?t?ic? I twet? t e t r w t - f f f ' ^ t -
fitwtfw cwa f R W t f t w t w w f w wRw ^s^tw, R ^ i t w W f w e ? ? w ? i f WtT f f f ?ftwe? 1 f W ' w f w t - f i f (f.
t i w w ?tew f t f t t twwcf ?w? t w ? t f t w ioi8/i4>bff) ?f5w wtwft t t R ^ stftw I f t t ? w u i w ctef t r '
Wlfftf I ? ^ fRw ?tttc? I w t - f f f ^ - w t w w W W f R f t ? W f
t w t WCTR? f t w ? ? f ^ W t - ' W f t t ^ W t - f W W f s t , t ' T f W (?) WTW? w t w Wat W f f f ' W t - W w f (f.
w t - f f f ^ - W f ? i ? w t - f f f - ^ - w f t t w atet t t w f ' w f w ib^/lSis.)-il? t f ? f f t ? t w f f R Rfg 2tCt? WtT? f W t
t f ? twtw^ft Wtit ?ft!Oe? I i t f^tf^ f e t f f t ffene?? I w f t t w t - W ' s w f ? w f t t t t ? f R w f t w?ew ^te
t t f t f , f ' w , wti?w, wtwfwt, flWfwf, fflwW fwiftw i5sv- R. t w sfflftw ?t?ic? i - T t ^ f f w f t f f w - ^ f ? atet,
f i W I C W n^<llwtf? f R sfWt t?<MC5f t t ffwt W t f t - ^ ^ W W f f ? W t - W t i f t f ? t f t - t t ? 1 t ajc^ f ? W t 1 W t - ^ W t t f
'aWt-WtW'WCW? ' w f w t w w t fsffwf%w f R i w filWt ?f5W fftltw f t<i<ei-t?,ttlti-tft act t w t W f T t f w (?)-il?
wt?ie?f I i ? ? f ftet ? W i f "wRttt f r ? tfwcff tittit? ?fSw " W f i t t t * t R f f C f ? w e t t e s t fR?te?? 1 t w s
W W aft ^ ffwtc?? I tret? tew t w t w T ? n f ( ? ) ( f . W t - f f f ^ - W f t 1 ? , W t - f f f ^ - W t t t w , R W f t - ' W f t t 'Gttt-
o?i/feo)-? w f w , Wft-W?? t t W W t f (f. ovo/fefeo) ?f5W f W w ^ t , w?-f?ttw w t - w R w i (ffet? ifteWMt? ww g.
' w f w , t w t W t - W f f f (?) ( f . vovavo/^88)-? w R t W f ' W # t W f t - t t W t , &fe-iOo) I t w t we?? fffwg t w f w ?
W T R t - f g t ? f f W T f W - W f R , t w t W t P f (?) [f. f c t f w ? fîtrcf w t t e t f c w w w Wt-?tR'tit w w tfffBw 1
ttwf fffwt
t.ff.
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Contents
wf|sn%pt ( n ) ^ t n m wifAi%m (?),tnm
4t m^ ^mtnuTt nms> wRsnmt gsm? nesr R R # m nisit^ Smsm ntnfswm >5ssf? nnfnw stt i fwR ncn ssfsewn,
xprRR SÂ-i^n wm cn wnnj Stwtnmt ntRmr Rtntcm W I A I msf^ W f msn ^îsm ne, sness wtent wne, ssts stew fness
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cmnn;.ff'^ncmfi%nnmcnii5?5 wtf AtfRt (n)mfAwtfncnm ( V V S Ai-AA) I
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nssn Atfc^ smmn nrttit ^^fsntflcnn, wtms mnfsn t s n t f WJtns Anm wm cs csmtm atestwn, wcms nesr wtn ^
sstens ^nn^ Ainrft snssÂnt Sms fst%g nts^nn s^csn i wsf^ ttess m I lilt mtcf wtf Atfst (s) wm nenn, ne,sstcss
lilt n ^ nissnn '^nntâ wtft A t f ^ ' men nfsfSw ( G A L . wtent wne, ssts stc fssw mtt m^ m^ s^sn m m nssnc^
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^^#gtfAcnn tnm wtf fgcs^s 1 tsfn mfn wtf mffsn m m t#swten tntentum ssfsen tm s^sn êw ttes m i wtm
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m^ ntssnn wtn-^:wtsmij Rwtft Aifst-s Sran ssfsnte^n wwitmft ttncsm f s s ^ fncmA cnmm sscs, wes wtms n t e f
(fÂfs, A o 8 ) I tm mm wsnw Am nm, tnm wtf Aifnn wtf A'tfst (s)-i^s ijltwf^ ^tn cnt nrf^ nfn nen ms,
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w n (wtfn'S mmftfn wtft A*i%Ft, mnmmstn iooA ft.) i ^^t ssfsew ttes, sst cms WTAICSS fwtftn nnt stes i Aimff
nssn mRifis nesj mnmfsss mmf n^fn I ntflAtt news nn<tn wtf mSn ^ fwsfnfts ^ct m f ^ n ^
fnmf% sTtsfncss^ tnm wtf Aiftsst (t)-m men wtcmt ssm ^mtmttessn awwitmltttnesssn^ttnmesmmf atmsssmt
A S s ( i ) ntfîatA (n)->as attsrnn sf5w wtn-^T^fm^-f'ntfnm, Gst^fwAtn I
fn-cm, tstfn iAtov ft.; ( A ) ^rmssmras Snn fnf^ wm-mss-^-n tnm wtf At%Ft ( s ) Sntnit "wtssTf ttnssens tnnm
(fntss i A 8 8 f t . , t^tfn iAs.o f t . ) I wtn-ntw-fS msft"n' fsemf sstnssmt fffws % nrncntMt ^fsen^s fwR tmens
nt^'f;"n men tAm m^ wtmâ stsstf^ AtsicA (fnns i A J S O ft.) i R s ^ 'wtf stfnens t R ^ f w tfsmfnw fsegteA afwy^ m
ftwft i o A 8 men m^fvini^n-ntss'f^-n mm wns m^ s^^^ tesl**ics ^tn<3 wttafAt ssesn ntt i
srmf^ AtsicA, fssf WTf A t f ^ (n)-'iis mm afif? wtestets ntmiwtm? mtef wtf A i f ^ (s)-'is wf%nw Atn g (i)
tssslU nft^tnte'W i mm WtatA m'wtntt msewm ^ e ^ wfwtf, ( A ) wtatA
^ Al^^M (n)-'fi?r ?rt^ttnf^ n^'ih s m mm wfwtnrn stfw^Rntes ntf^^ (n)-ias wfnst wtfsmn mi (o)
wtenn cnm wn, snw 'ste fssw mm ^[nnntnens m^ w t n - f swm ^3 ^f^-'^s Rsi-tniÂ f5sn ^vst nRim afAt
wnfsAin sffn Mwss ss#sj i fnnntnens wm t m -^nn âssf? ^^fscw^^cs I
s^sn m m nffg fswten ntsms S^ AtsicA i 'fiwfntef nfsa f^tnt^ n t e f wtms wf%nw f|n ^ f t i i fwwncns
ifswfcn t m s f ^ AtsicA "CA t'tnnnn! wt^tjmsn ssmt (wtAgn-nm) ne^ tmm< wntets m f n n^tfwsFcn t f n n
ewime<TS sswsj i cs tstg AtsicA, cn cwtmcns cmn ^ ^^Rew Rntfsw ^tesn i tf^sncn w m ntn ssfsm t s s ^ ssten nssnft
mfscs mnfn cmnst ne, ten mss" ( j ; i o e ) i tmn wtf Atfsn ^^fsm wntets m^rR wtms ssste^ fwR wtss wSnnntf t ^
(s)-vas mwSnfw^ nwrnn f^ mm's ntjs ^tî atf^fSiw mt*gwt. ^fnm cmnm ssf^mem i t f n t mn-mn^T^ '#nen^ ^[R
t n n i f ffjicssm
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WTf ?l%Ff (?XttW Wlf[?t%fT (?),tTOT
tt?n<3 f3iirf t R W T f R R ft gfiTftcp it?if w R w f t t # t S ( i ) W t - t t f ? W t - W f " W f ( f . 8^bo/io'î),

row (History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol. I, tff WtTO, it., v5?o-v5?<}-; ( ? ) W f f j t Wttfw? Wf?TO fwf,
681-83) I t r o W f f T t f w f f w f f f e ^ f (WlW w f . ) , rot i f e v s % ;
twf roro ft^ww%T t r o WTf T i f R t (?)-w f?R?il ( o ) "www f ^ f'tff, f ? t f ? - f ' T O , f f f t ; (8) W t - W f ' W f
tRm wRRs fftWTiw, R fts^ 'wifm wr?t? tra ( f . ooo/fe88), W f t W f t - t t w R t f t , t . iOb--S.; {(t)
WTTRT1 ror ?tyic? tor: ftwf T'gw f r o cror ro?it W t f t - f ^ W t f t W t t f ^ W f W f t f ? W?"TO W f t - W f t ( f .
t s ? ftf w ICTW"i?iw cTOtTWi ror t ? , ftrow ftrgt? .e^^3b-/iiT?) <3 f ? r w t f ? fWWT w t - f w ( f . b - ? V i 8 ? o ) ,
c T O t t w Rft ??*( Wwf w?T row; R f ^ i t w w w i w wff T i f w t f t f t f l p f - t W t f t - W W f t , ? f ? W T O i o ? i R; (b) t t ? f f t f t W
(?)-m TORRRf f R f w R ? -tftf^ I ( f . ^^3bri/i?Tr?), ?l Hib (de Slane f f f WfRs, o f . , (t&(t
W f f W t f f f ( ? ) - m t s f W W f e w TTO f S f ? T T O <3 Cft3i f . ) ; ( 1 ) Wt-?T?tf, W t i r o f f t - ^ f f l W , i t . , iffb- f . ; (V-) >^
t f W t t (ftftrow wft-ww-f w f Rew, f . ? i V v ? ' T ) C t w , f ? f f t - t t W t , ?|?wfTO i o o t R., i t . , 'Ife; (S>) W t f t
W f i ? RmCT ftr?^ w t R w ffwtr:?? I fTO w t R f t t w few W ? t f t t f ? 1 W t , t f f t ^ ^ T O ; ( i o ) t f ? wwt? W t - W f ( f .
f W ? t f ? ^ ' T s t ( f . idb^HHd), w t w w f w - w ' t ( f . hSî/idbb) Wt-ft??Tft-WTO; ( i i ) t f ? ttw?, W W t f t
ivbff/'ib-i-ir?), w?^ w f f f f f (g.) Wff f1 wit-wt#r (ff.), t f T O ; ( i ? ) W t - f f f f (f. ?ffVir'Hi) wftt w f ? ; ( i o ) t f ?
W T O t f ? ' W W (f. iô/vovSs) -a W T O t f ? ftWf W t - f f t f W t W ( f . ? T V v t t r ) , W t WWtfff, f t t t l ^ t , t t t ? iS>o8
(f. ?o8/irife-?o)-ii? W f ftef? testeww i f f R w f t i R ? f , f . ?i'b; ( i 8 ) W f t f f W ( f . <t<t8/io'^H>), ? t . , ff; ( i f f )
'W?fW? t f f t - f W ? t f (f. ibri/%<t) w t f ? l f W (?)-ef W W 3 tîf? W t - f ? f ( f . '^li/io^fe), 1 t f W f f - f l t f t ? t , i t . , 8b-;
t w e ? ? (Wet ctfte? i 'wi<Mif t # W f t fteww twRwet? (ivb) W t t - t t ' a W t W f , W ^ W f t Wtw, '^'t., '^80; ( i l ) t t ?
wftro 'steto t f w w?if?-?ffet? t w ? T ? t f roro t ? f f f t W t f f t f ? f Wt?-f^ftWft?t, i t . , 800 ( t w t f t t l ^ t ) ; (ib-)
w t w e w t t t w w f f t t t f t t I f t t w ^ R e t ? f ? ? f w f ? t f f t Wftt? ( f . o o o / i ? o ? ) , W t t f f t t t , i t . , io<t; (ife) t t ?
w w ? i f t f e ? ? w f t w i f t T t w f t TO"Wew w f W f R e t t i W f f t t ? t W W t t - f ? t f , ( f . t T f f / i o t o ) , w t t wt-attftaw f f t w
W t l f , ti?ftff?tff ( f r o t t e f T i w f w t w e ? ? t f ? ? R s i t . , ?^b; ( ? o ) W t f f f , f t W f t - W t f t , ? t . , i^b; ( ? i )
Rvsif's-'sif ^^ f f i t fteftwe? f t w ) , f ? ^ w i f , fttew Wt-fWf? t t f f , W t - t r f t , ^t., o?vb f . ; ( ? ? ) t f ?
w r o f , t?e? f t t tgftft t f e t t ? T ? t f w t w e w w f t f f W t t f t t - W W ( f . S - b o / i o H i ) , w f t - t ? R f T f W W R -
Ret? 1 w ? i f f e w f f t t t t e t 'ft^w ' w t w t f f , t i t r f tf?-WW?ttt fft?f, 'J. i ? ? f . ; ( ? o ) W ? T O t t ? f t w w , ( f .
TO'Wet? isflt testetftj f t i S><53Cîffff8), f W 5 t ^ W W W ? t . , h^, V O ; (?8) W W f t i t t f f ? ,
f f f t f f t e w ? w? t r o t t T t w f f l e t t i ?wt f ? ^ , i t . , iff; (?ff) W t - t ? t R * f , f w W f t - t w T O , i t . , oofef.; (?v!s)
ttjiif>*tw, W f f i f t w t , w i w e t f , w? f f f f w e t ? w f t w i f o r t t - ' W t f f , W W f t - t T O W f f T t f W ; (c^t) ' W t f t - ? l f t
f t l t t t ? T w f wtwet? W f t t f I Wft-^f?f, W f ?'ffW; ( ? V ) f ' W W W ^ t t w t , S>o; (?S>)
www f ^ f ' W f i?fb f ? t ? - f ' T O f r t ? i ? t f f f r o Wl?'i)tW w f ? ( f . iO'ô/iS>ff8),.f?tt-ttWt, ,^t., i t ^ f . ;
(WTO t ê 'jf tftw f f f ttttft t ? fiwte?? i (00) f f t t W f f??t, W f T t f w , ?? tl5F?t, W t e t t iS>81 % ;
pftaf g t w t Wff T t f w ( ? ) - i i ? 5f?e3i? t f ^ fSat ctf%e (01) Goldziher, Zahiriten, % o , i ? f . ; ( o ? ) A. J.
ww TO t r o wtf f f f ( ? ) - m ctt t f w ? WW fft t f w Wensinck, Muslim Creed, WCWW ftt^; (00) w f t
W?if?-?tfet? w t e ? ?fw f f w t f l c t ? I w t f ? T f w (?) wt3 wff f f ^ , t t w f f f f e W ? ( f ^ ) ; ( 0 8 ) Schacht,
f?e?tro flet?, t f t t ftftw ww ^r ft? ttfro?, w f t w i f Origins of Muhammadan jurisprudence, WteWW
t w f w ttffc? I f r o f t f ^ Cff? W t w t W f w w t f W "^tet f f t w ; (Off) Brockelmann, i t . , i T ^ f . , ftff^ft i , ?V8 f . ;
WfW f f f f c t t ^ fte? I f f t ww^ w t f t ^ t W f fIctt I (o-js) Wf'l? f t t w t R w f , ?"ttitfw ?twtf?if, w t f f s e r o ,
fftro Wtf-Sf w t f w w f f ? f t w ff?et w i w t i r f t e # l , 1. i T - i o s ; (o<t) M. M. Sharif, A History of
W f t t f Cf^sw ?tr t f w fw fffro? i f e W f f f f t w , Muslim Philosophy, Wiesbaden, Otto harrass
t r t t f T O t W , tTWftW, W f W , t t f , t5?t, W W ? f f t w , owitz, p. 673-703; ( o v ) . -a. C f . Ît. W t t f ? W t f ,
twrw? f R R trfft ?^ ftf?t 'srt? f f f w f f f t f f l e t ? i W t f wi's.'t t t w t "stft t w t W t - W f f t f , t t w t w w t r ^ t ,
^ f ? f t ? t t f r o fffg 'set? ?f sifi w t # ? t e w I W W ifeVO f . ; Vb-^ô; (o^) t w t WTf W f f T ,
ttwf ftfWt
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WIf A'l*P*i' *SnBt tfn Wtft' wtf Awn" 'Sm? t f n mvt
wH-1?s?s^-wi?5?m, nttnt^ ntwtfnJF, m?n?tnin iosAR.; (so) wTf_ A'lnsn--^? cte *wtnn wTf mnnlnnt ntA'nt t f n
^ mnss, wtn-ff^^ wi<ni, ntt. mftn wtn-'^'smft, *t?î 'wtnfnn-ântfA'nto8/iAoto-s-<afinfnm nsjt? stfw wtftwj
iotov ft.; (8i) cnt^, wtn-wtftn Ns?m-^îwil?tsi, ntt. nwn nsf?m w t R ^ Ajn# ntt (g. mf Ain^")-'^ ^ "Sttn
wtn-?stmt, mtnrnt i's^vR.; ( S A ) *tt?^ f?5?#!-wiwt3, fat ?sc?n iin?: ftn ntt??nA fnewt^ m^ ttn?: ntet? atfw^ftwtnten
' W t ^ ^ , <i|?Wl iOAoR I cmnm?sc?ni
<n. m. m. iiiAff^ nAfin ^lifit wtf A t ^ ' t n f t n t e f fwtflw wcu? ^ fsnien wtn-ntnnt^
nt?n?n nRnt#itn^w. 4. m. liw. wttf? wi^ (g.)-*ii? '^fwssm Staf^ ^ m mc^ ânt Sm? mint fmêmm
nRsttârfffwA? iwtn-fvsntARnniAfnwtemncm fc?wtf
A T ^ ' Rew WtAt? wmtm wemit? cntcw nw m?mf ntn wftt
^j ..o.) ? t m f nfQ, n w o wtmn ntfm? mf?nrf flenn 1
>h<p| Sii?in'aJAn <pRiii(|wi I t f n wm?w wtAtc?s ftn ne?
wm-mmf? I f m n wtn-fnm?' atr^ (^mmm iooi ft., ^5. nn<cn Sp; ^^f?nt? n? ?tf3ftA (n)-'ii? fnmtw mmf >s nf'Ft?
ffito-A) '^tm? ^ n m'sm m? 1 cntnten n?f^ '5)?ic 'ai?en WtAtem wtf Atnm' 'Sm? rnn atmn ?5c?n 1 wtAt? rnnwr
wtm? ntn ?ft?lcA, cmn?stntf3!#^wmSf|f^mt I R f wtm wt3#n w m ^ atwnnwcnn n? ns?w îs/iiAo-Ai men
ste ntnm M\ ntn, fwfn b-n/ist' twe?sn wnm ^n/i^t wtAten? Swc?? atnn n t ^ nf^mf^ 1 wtf at?^'-'^? ??n w t n
twm? mew msmn flenn 1 f|n o nen? I >at nne?? n? stew wtm? #?en? m f n fcn?.
fwfn fen m?m? mm? ?f5w mnflm? t m f net? 'wT#n' fmtA? "ant fwfn wfw Sgw men? ?frs^nfw^ at^ s t n ^ ?#cw
nm?5 st^ntm 'wtnfrw wf?tn ?sr?n t w t t - m ^ f (f. nn< At?tf|cn^ 1 atstn win-fQniA"Rn n%Ft? (niAte?^ fwR fncw
tsAb/iffAi-AA)-*^ wtnen? liit wf?tn wt?m fen wtmn ntfm w w t n atfwf&w ^^fnmflcnn) Sn? a p n n s ^ atmn f?r?
m^ ntnf?e?? wnrtm t?tf ntme?? nem stbRiw fln 1 lann n # <>f??iif|cnH >iint >at ^ t i m i i i M ntmm Sn^w ^mflenn
Sm ntnmn wtnm? tntfnet? nem sfe^ft^ ?nf%^ an?ien ^lAtci? n?>en?t35twt w ^ ?>f??iifleni wsftitfwfn n?^? *\oe^?
atsfnw mtsteA I wtf Atw-'ii? wtftmaf^ntR? wntm wrsj nfew wf??stf ^ m S^ntflenn 1 (?si/iii(?-iiiii men nfntw nncn
A? wtt-mmf? mtm (m^fnfn wtme? 2fmf?w); wtf ^grnnmn WtAt? f ^ At?tf|n I f f f ^ n w >at niAf nt?nt?, fnwf
mSn t f n t?nifln wt^-mntit winntf (f. >i>toi-i(?(?si-top)-'^ cnmnfw, nmm^fmm nsfntm tf?n i^fwAtfn?? ^ n e 5
mm (5. Exiga dit Kayser, Description et histoire
mnf?n, gn t^pff^ntn attn n?^n Wtf ntne?5? ^ ^ n ^ wf?f^
de llle de Djerba, RSinn ibbS %fe-io,f n m^, ^-io flenn I wtm? f < fnen? m^fenfw^ ^ mnR?5 ?5r?r?f? fwtf?w
Wf.) mi nnete? 'Sm? t f n mrnntn wt^-mnt^ (iAt / i b t f?n?ei? wm 5. 'wtn-fsntsftfn ffnf ntt' f n ? w 1
tw^) ffw mm, cntfn "wtftmn' ne? wtnRf?m nssmen (nm
C^t^ s ( i ) E. Levl-Provencal, Documents,
w%tn5ttn ioA) wnm mm n t w n Asfnf^ m ?iten fw
inedits dhistoire almohade, njtfnn iSiAb fnn^;
^mfii?5tPtwAn l
(A) Unrecueil de letters officielles almohades
wtf Ar?m"-<a[? wrftm sr^ntm tAt? Wfmn t n t f mnpifA
njlf?n i&SA fn?^; (o) t f ^ , "^tm, in Melanges, R.
stew 'Jft '51<MnA armt w n A . de Motylinski L.
Basset, mifnn i&A* %, At., oo<j-S9o wtn-fsntsfsff-iii?
Aqida des Abadhites, Recueil Mem. et Textes
tfwAtcn? wafmftw minft (ntwgn-^^mn) [mwfn-^snn-ia? M
XlVe Congres des Orientalistes. WtnRntn iS)o(?, %
wtt wtn-mm^-fnf?n-'ii? nftw armf^ At?teA, nttesn ibob
<Joff-8(? I
t.,ntt. Dozy]; (8) 'wtn^-'omffn wtn-nt??tf^, win-ffw?,
A. De Motylinski-T Lewicki (E.I.^) / ^sn^ mn
ntt. D o ^ ^ Wf. Fagnan, Rn^; (<t) wtn-f^sntAlAfn f??^
nsm?^ (mnf?f, wtn-^Ttgn-m'Qf%t, tfn-tntf? mntn, t f n
^ ) % wtn-Rtwrff mom mmsj w^sfn nf=5n ^ssmt ntnmin, tntn, mfn-ff?win, wtftn-mntwtnn^ t w t R ;
(Anti Atlas)-'^ ftmmwtA ntn^ ntfntn cmeat? ntn ^tew .iit mtfnft, tffn-wtttn, f'snf?f) tmiR (to) w t f ATFn' tmf?
ft-Hî^ Snmn (^ .,) atAn MT AtmeA wnm ctn Snninl? mm?n fnn?n n t c f lat t # RiR neft^ c ? s - r
wf?^w? srsfnw mfnr? t m t i tmft' ^cw ^fiw 1 fwfn Brunschvig, La Berberie occidentale sous los
wtn-f^ntARn ntAf t f n '^?nt?w (5.)-<fi? atmn nA5? iii?t Hafsides, I. t l l f l n iS)8o it., i-ito 1
^fstfnm ^tet? (a.'wT?^-ffnn) nmewt ntap? nnsR 1 ^4? E. Levl-Provencal {E.I.^)/<S.M.M. CAtnttn WtAtn
tnnift f?te^
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w f T m * tsmi t w ''=>iw 'Obd W f TTRT w t t - t w f
^sft^ ^'Ntl s (g. w t - f t w ? t w 'W'Sf)
ornrn CRSlR (Pedroche Bitrawdji-m w f w r f m?, m f t

f t t w t t w "wtf^-wtw? (R^ ?*ftt? w?-?tt1t) t w f T l t t I ?
W t - W f f f W t - f t ? f , W W f f ? f f t f il??. bi/i^^ f w C f ?
w t w ^ f*t (tf "ffef g.) f m - fra i w s g t ? ; i i t t i e w
f t t s f t e t ? 'wwtt? (g.) t?.ftTf I fft i i f w ? ?wf f t * ^
c w t ^ i t f t f t f t 'Wfjp-'wifft t w '^t?!<ic<t> fttiTw?^ f w t
?iTTiw ( < j u j ) fIctt, W W f t t t t ( w t w e p t ) -3 f g W # I f
f i w p # ? cwTft i i t i t w t f tai^vftPfrftTOf cfifm
wRwet? f f i ? tret t t w f fftw? cw f t ^ tfe? W f t t? i
(Nlcephorus Phocas) f t f t t W^tftWf f C W i
WtT? f t f f f t t f tcfs WtT w ^ w? w, C f t t wfwttlt #?e??
f c f t ? Rfjiw f ^ f s f g tfcgt?, rot ?6?-b-iv f t c t f f t t t t
sttt? f t t ? w f f f Rft tfew WTT? <Ht<f c\5 test fftwew i
t t f ?llIVl, W % if T t f t t (5. C W % t t t w ) WTT fC^StfotCt t t t
twft 8 '^^^/iob-o t e ? f t t t w e w w?if?t f e ? ? iit?, w t f r t f f w
f t t r t i l f t i t W W f f t , t t T W t l W ? f t ? f W f THStl? t|T,
f?? fTWWew f^WtWw f e ? t , t s t w . f f f f t t Ucles (W
f t w f t f ^^c <ift^ WI it?" ft*fiwtlhi;(fltift? ftw w u fftwt t f f f ) - i i W f t t ? f c t t I W ? R f ?it? t t e t fwft W R f WTtt
f t f e w t l f g w T ? I W T W f t c t t t W R ftw W t f t t f ^ fC? fC??, f W < 8 f W I t f a f f C t ? w t 1 f f t f t t f ? 1 t ? f w R
i i f i f c t f f i t ? ?T?w w c t f s f i f g w ? t f p f c t ? wtfftc? ?tct I wfwttftf f e ? t , ctftt ^te W e t f w l t g t t ? t e w f
tffffttew
ftte?? w f ( f s ? ? ) ' W f j ^ t w "^ttt? ?i?/i^?'i w e t wtwew we?iTt (cii/iiivbr) f e w i t f f f i i fft c t t ? ^
w e t f w R w w?e?t? f f t e t WT?! w s i t t f t ftfew W?J T?' iJ?. w ^ fett, fe? eift/ii?o f w ft?e?te w ? t R f c ? ? i
W o g t ? wiT?t ftef w?w?t fff?t? f t w ^ f ? f ?se? I wrret? c t t f R ^te ?'GWW 55tw w f t f c f wwtf?R fc?? i cttw?
tw W f T t f f wt-wi1? ctwcf w t r w ffft t t t f f t w ct? ?tc wwtt f t t fe?t ii?i 5t? ?it? cttftc? wRttft fc?? I
il??, iiwteft f t f t t w f f f t ? ftfifw't? I W t - W i w ^ f ^ <f?8/iioo fft f1?et3? W W ? (Abhar)-il ftct? i W s g f ?
gfwflw i i t ?tw??et? f l W f a s f t f f w t t t W f f f t ? c t t t t ? f t ? t f f tW t f ? Cttwt? ftfCt W l f t ? fC?? I t T ? C?f f f f f t t
t f T t mm w w w W3t WW W ^ ;W? I c t t w w w wWa W'SW fe? f f f wcsffe w? i R i f? ? i t ? f t t ((tobr/iiffo) cttftc?
w ? ?i?w?tt? < ^ R T f t t f f e w c t w ^^lew I :wiTW W f T t f f c f
wfwtttt fC?? I W s g f ? W f t t t W ( ' f f t f w f ? Slav)
WeftfTtfCW W WCftbJtfW (Apocapso or Apochapsa)
i i W f l t f ? wf3R fffw ttwff?t cftw?, c t t t t ? ^te fW?i,
tfttw t e i t fftwew il??. ttftwew W ? ? i t t t ? w w o f w?? ( j ^ ) , f w f ? , w? (^ j ) , t t f t r ? w t - w t w ^ T ^
f f f t ftwte?? t ? ? f t fibft w f ?? I ??ff/b-8o t e ? fffw? f?nef 'w?c? f w f c t t I Cffo/iiffff f f ? w t w e t
?t??t?f? taf5 ft'offWt (Theophllus) ? ? l w f f W fffbtWt t t f w t e ? ? t R t t w fC??,Rf ???it? f e t W ' s f t t - i i t f w c f
f t f w a ?? 'W?^-?T?"W? (5.)-m f f f t ^C f f f t W^lttffl? WW f c t t I W s g f ? fwft f f f w t t ? iiti.wetcfte f f f W t
fftc w f w I f?ltt fffw w t t f f - i l f f t t t t t f W R t t R f t w f r ? ? I
f t f t t W t t t t c t i f e s ? te^ w w f c t ? w i t t t w f w ? f f w f c t t t t e t t f f f tf%ftt ?5c?? (ff'ijff/ii>iife-'io) I
t W f ffwtt?f|Til?l t T ? w w t t f W t t t f ( W f f t f f J t t R W ) w t t t t w?fe? w t t t - i i w?tt?ftet W f T t f f t f T ?
^Sff-ffW? W l ? i l f f t wfw 5t1ft? C f ^ f ^ I ffttrt f ^ ? M t fc?? I w t w e t t f f trt?Ttt t f ? ?t?w t w
fttitt g (i) t w f W j f , t f t ? ,8t., ?ii; (?) R t f (GMS <?lt?l< teWf \ _ j j J L i l ._,M r Jji j_._J I ?Mt
XIX), i<Mr-ibr8; (v5) M. Gaspar Remiro, Cordobeses
f e t t I W f t t - i l f w ? W f t w w ' ^ f k f t t f (Maecenas)
musulmanes en Alejandria y Greta, Homenaje
W f ? 1 f f W R - W ? W f f ( C t t f Brockelmann, i,
Codera, Saragosa 1904, pp. 217-33; (8) A.A.
783-4)-il?WfC?fet f T l f 5 t - W t ? t ? (W W t - W T ? f ? ) W
Vasiliev, Byzance fet les Arabes, i ( f ? T f t?.,
Gregoire and Canard), Bruxelles 1935, 49 f . ; (<?) f f t t f t - W w t ? ? M t f e ? t I f t w ' ftwewr? f t f t t c t t f t t
Zambaur, t?tTT 8br, Ho; (b) A. Freixas, Espaha cn i i t f t ^ t c W f f i e ? t ^ f t R f e ? ? I ft|^ f e i f t wt?,tr
los historiadores bizantinos, Cuadernos de f R f t # i R Wftc? tfw We? I cttsfte w i f l ? W's f f ^
Hist, de Esp. Buenos Aires, xi, 1949, 21-2; (H) f f ? ? f cw W C ^ , W t a H f t f W ? f W ^ f t f t f ? tfW'S
Levi-provencal, Hist. Esp. Mus, i., 169-73, ii, ?ft?lc? I o ? t o R w ? t ^ ? ^ f f ^ s t f f w f ? w ? f 5 w ^ t ? t c ? i f t
145-6. ftbtetw t ^ W f t t f t?,^t<3 ?ft?te? I ' f ? R t , G. Ferrand
E. Levi-provencal (E.I.^)/ ^ t t W f l ^ f v ^ iZfftffw ( J A . 1925. 1-148. 195-303), f t ? ? , C . E .
ttttf ftfCftt
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w t f A t f m wrn-wfrnw ( n )
Dubler ss^ss ( T t f n w f s n r wwjfiRs srsrtmtwifn^ îm mn I f i f f ? w t f A l l fnw mcwj atwjtn^ n#nt nA n t t i

^<phc) f n n ^ A b u Hamld el Grenadino y su fnegtesn, R e t n w wtmn t^t An wi?sftn (:5.)-m tsFwtn m | %
relacion de viaje por tierras eui-asiaticas' n t W An I ft. i<i-ew fwR iR3{? n t f t f Enmmftfn w f s n t n w e t wtmn
m R r stc iSiffo t- aimPfw A ? I ftmOTf fT#rft w r a m ftwtn mwmft TIemcen wtatmt W R 1 i f m f t ' ^ , is.i/Ai
ar? sto5 cmws n^m wtc'ra lirm? w f n i n ifl^ tA? nc^, iovsi w t f A l l ntnen f n A m 1
Ste G. Crispo Moucada ^^w^ iisoo 5n?T R#tw An I f ^ ^ w t f A l l w w j S ^ c n n n ? f R n m t t n ^ flenn 1 twfn
afXT^ s ( i ) Makkari, Analectes' 1. 617-18; (2) ^ fnmn njf^tetn niAsn m%;wn 1 mwSnf^ f f w m m
t f n n , At., AAA, 8t., ib-Si-Sio; ( o ) Pous mtef fwfn ?nt <^'^ ^ (mfnwtwn-spj^ f t fnmntfwn-
Bolgues, 'Ensayo bio-bibliografico', pp. 229-31; wtnfwRm i A i 8 ft.) attnn ^fnmflenn 1 wtAtn cnesFîfn
(8) Brockelmann, S 1, pp. 877-8. ntAm t f n t t n f n flenn WIAB wsnsf n f i^fwmfms fnfn
E. Levl-Provencal (E. I.^)/ ^sUfT t R <!mm ivo/ficny? iois> men w t f wt^ftenn tfmiw 's^smwsi
ntm fnA An 1
'^sTt^^t?, s in, f n r t m 'Wift n t t n % A n R
ar?t#t s ( i ) nmen w m g. wtngn 'sntf fnnw 1
t n n n t t f n t n R flenn 'wtn^n-^nR n t w n t f n t w i Ai
A. Bel, (E.I.2) /:^|5in^^5nAmn
tt>sTrtn, loViff 'îfsfn, ioov w t R t fwfn tinsicn cmfnw
^ t m nnstten ntftftem TIemcen wnmtem n s R *n?nfi^ ^ s f t ^ ^ l f ^ 'rf^-*tl't>i'l^ ( ^ j l _ ^ V I jjl^\j_,l) s
nnftn (mmnmn nncn wNnentn w n i w w s t n fwfn nftmamt (m) i5WR ntAtft flenn 1 fwfn mft mrnrn ctrStn, wtmn f 4 nm
w t t s . ^ nrsftft% <^mm mn^tn f n m ;j wit^c<it w n î f w n wtm mn m 1 Stmesit fwfn ttntô 1 wtf^ Atfnn (m) n ^
wnmicm wit?mn n ^ tAtn a i R n ^ nin^t w ^ 1 nfenct sifl.?iiA (n) ste t l w m ^ n t f f m^ mfA t t f t m e w n

fwfn m f x|ftn mnm^smmn Sm:s wtmn m n n ^^w^ fstfwflw mn n m f ^ w t n i ^ r ^ mfA nf=fe stmcA (nttTft, tnAts^ t f n
w n i9ntfnsfM (Bougie) w%ln5ltn (Constantine) ntA^stnA, A l n R t f n ^pmR ^^S5 ntn^fnw m f A ar?nfA) 1 wtf
n w w a r n An I <mi< m%m?,rt mffff m f t f m ^smwm ATfnn (m)-'an # n f m t e f I f f m ^ ntn m 1
(Oujda)-n w f w s w t n net mm ^ nsmn 1 iis# t f ^ m ^ sf?t(|t i t n n Alwtn wtn-*wtnns-imft, w t n - t n t m ,fnnn
cnmmfsf n w n f n nf3Ri ttmn n s R fwfn stwimmnct? ?nsf?^ ioAb- ft., S t . , 80, n t t n A 8 8 ; (A) wtn-n'TAtfr, wrsrftn
S ^ ( m t w n atfw fnctn mRimtt fncw nnm An m t 1 wtntnttn- ntAtm ?nniw, m. f n . At., iff^, n t t n ib-Aff 1
fwfn w f n tjg w t f wpjffn-ian atfw's wwj 4ciiii mnmn w n 1 cms mwAi?t AS5
i sfsitiiin-Sm, l i W A A i m t , ioib- wtfnet fîwtm Ami nsfnm
wrt^ ^ 1 f ^ w r i T S T - ^ ' ^ (c^^' >ei)
m f wt^t#tn WtAtn S^sntfsmfsicn cmfnw A ^ 1
wtn-mtfft, n f m R m f wtfnt, f A t f ^ nt*f^ 1 wtstn stfw
at^tft ? (i) wm win^-<3nR Rnw ^ m 1
mn ninmt t n n f n t n , w t f Atfnn wtmn f t w t i f f * mn 1 dttwt
A Bel. (E.1.2)/ :^^s^ v s t t A n R
nftm fwfn win-wtmw nten titw flenn 1 fwfn wtn-wm^sntn t f n
^5(T^^'tl[ (j_<^ > j I) s f i f t n , f n t t f n miff m f n f ; f f ^gsRiR w t n - m t f f n w i n i n g m n (m^sm) flenn 1 w e m w new
t n n wrsff-ntA'nR t f n mA'm t f n t m n ^ m n R , 'wtn^-^mn fwfn n t f mwt' etteain m m flenn 1 ât cttaf? n t f ntn^'-^n
mwn?,%i mm t t n ^ flenn 1 fwfn lAo/ioAo-AS nen c t e n m^ ttttfnetn 1 wtmn f n t [ < F n t t ttnemn w f n s r f f i n 1 m m
wmsfAt ' w n mi cwcnnenn (TIemcen) ntwnmten mfnw flenn mm entfn 1 tt? ntfnmf^ f w f l n w t ^ n< 1 ' S i ^
m f n n An 1 ^fntm i n , l e o / s ^ io<?A tfnet wtmn f^twm mtf cSmf^ I
m t n w t f mfn n t f t f m R f n R f B nntfww ^ên f w R f^Sfncn mm ^ nnent ^s f f < ftnten f w f ^ fnetn trtfw ntw
A t ^ mwnnmen wiatn atAt w n 1 m f t f ^ A f p f e m nem ^ % t f l e n n 1 wtmn m^ mm f l n 1 tAtew wtentAt ^ fwfn
n t e f n w n n R n f k n WtAtem lansfS cnntntRfn w f s m n ^ sjmn nnfwen nttewn limintfne^ ntw-nfA '^fnen 1 mmn n w t
w t A? f ^ TIemcen f n n ^ w n 1 slfl'Sn-wt^sntn, st w] w m f , fss55r smB wn^n 1 'wRfs-ntA'mn t f n
ivbo/si c^sfntfn, ioffSi fwfn TIemcen--^ t t n w i e n cntfnw ntnn t f n wtnnm nenn, "wtfn w t f Atfnenn mtn m^ wtn cmn
A^ I f f f i i V i ' s i o nen ntftftm f n m n ntwmft wfssstn ^^fnm m f ^ cnf^ m t ntmn s f f f ? nsttn ft^nw f n s ^ s n 1" fwfn
n n 1 w w 8 r a H S S / i o i A ncn m f t f t t TIemcen tf^wxtt s # m nfnem, c m s c4? ^^Rrct 'ffn f f j c f w t n ^ w cnAsfn <r#?
t n t t f fn'Semn
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Wif T l f t t WH-tlWl# (?1)
ro I W T ^ t c t t t t t csm fsT CWtl? (TOt wf Tstct , fftwt, c?Wf T t f f t ! iit?ffttt?? Cf?? fft t g t ? t t t t t ? ,
W I fft wH>s tftR;t, wfft # t c w t i T w R i m ^tîr? W T Wtft ft?rf?, WTW?? t? roift W3ft c? W5f f t ^ ?ttic? W T
??fftrtt I W H WW wrfft tftwt? W T tJfttWai I fft Wlt c r o t t ? WTQt? ^^ttt? W I
tfttt, c t w f ^ w i w ^ t f t f t w t w t w t t , w i w ^ W w i w t f w f w ? r o - i i ? f i t ? f r o w f ? t w t ? f i t I fff^ t t c ?
wi<M=ic?i W T t f t W f fitffl rott I n w m t WTW? "s f r t f f f f T c f W t f W tf? 3?t ffft? 1 i l f W iitffWc? t f r *
Wtttt t W T O f t i p f f f t t WWT"G t t f t t t tft W T t twroat tftw tTltTH fC??, wrro W H l W
i i f t c^Ttt t f t t w w t t f t r s f 1 ?tcc?,wtft w r o tf?c? ?ft?ctt t w w? fffwc?? 1 t w
WTf T t f t t t t w t f t f w t t ? iiwst? GSb W f f r f^ff^f? a?tt t f w WT^ ^ WPwtf T ? I t f w ? il fWltC??
f I t t ? I fft fttTT w w f W?t t f ? W*t W T t - W t f (W)-? t ? W f T t f f t f t t - a w t f G3f? rot ^ c ? W i i l f W
WW w t5f??it?? I w t t t r o tt fft w t f ??t??i (?T)-? t t w fWrrtt? t f ? 'wttfft-ttftf f w c f wffTO w w t w t
W f f t w t ? ? I ft^ W^W t f ? t i f t ? " i l t t W t f f w ? tC3? wt?-f?fcf c r o t ?#?tf|ct? I ftR t^^c? w t - f # c f wt?itw
f t f t f w t W ff??lf?tt?, w t w ? f t w f f t?1tft W f ^wtw t f c t t , w r o t f t c f R stctiw? t r c f c? f f f t ct? w e t ? I ffsf
(w)-ii? f t f t w f ? j f t t fftwt??? fWR ftft ? t t ? , tft c r o w r o f r o ?te? Cft? sietiw? f t i
? t t wtt? f t w W T T t f t W t W t - W t f (?T) ? T f W t ? C f t ? f r o f f f w f t t t t w ^^f?tftfet? tetT tct ?ttwe? I
W T f ? f t f t ^tc w f ? 3?t ff??TC?f t? Ct fttIt t t t I fft t f ? w t t e t ? , t f w W f w f f ? w t f ? t f ? f f T O - i i ? te
w t t f W ? tt? t w ? (W) 'W?fW^ t f ? 'wtt? t ? f t - ' W l f (?t) f f f ioo i 8 o ft. w e t ? w s t f f t e t t f % f t t fc?? i 'Wt?
'5ttf?Wt Tf??'ftTfft?1t?? I Cfttt ffttTtt?f?f5 T t f ? t f ? W T f t e t ? , f f f ioo ft. w e t t?fWt fc?? I t t f w , t f ?
gttfttttt I >Q w?-W'Q?ff f r o f f i Tftt ios- ft. W t tftrti t e s t
ftft W t l t J W f t * ^ ftai w f ? f f t l fi??lt?f I TTtt? t t t l ffftTc?? I t f ? Wê?? te f f f t t % f H ro?? f t w f iss
W f t t i w t f ? W T T t f ? ^ w ? f , w * ^ t f f t - f t n m ? , "wft? Wet I
t f ? 'W1?ftWT t f f ? - f ? W ? , ' W ? f ^ t f ? w t f f TTW, s t t f ^ ( i ) w t - ? t ? i f , w f f r o i f t - ^ ' f f i w , T?t?rro
W ? - f t t ? t f ? w t f 'WtTlf w f t t f ? ?iW? t f ? "Wtftw? t f ? (Wfwtl!) io<^Vife>!*4, it., ioo, i o 8 ; (?) t f f t - ' t W t
w t f ?tf'W, t t w t f ? 'Wtftfl? t f ? Wt?, W f ttft?" wtt-ttw? Wlt-T1f?lf, W?tWf?-?tro,'J??i iofefe/ife'lfe, it., ? o V ;
t^-tl?Wt w t - f t w , W f w w w t f ? 'Wltft?-W?tt? -a t t f ' t (o) t f ? T t w t ? W t t - ' w l f f t w f , Wroff-T??'^, t??)
f t f l f t ? (?)-iI? W t f?ctttitt t c s t t t i w I iofeff/ifeSQ-, it., oib; ( 8 ) 1^ C t t f , W??^'-1??f?, ???i
f w ? f t g Wtff f?"Tfw? w f ? ?*fW f f t w t ? ? I ?W i 8 o 8 / i f e V 8 , 8 t . , i?f, i?<\; (<t) Wt-W'srof, W?tff't-W1tW
W ? - f 5 f , t W t f W ? t f ? t w ? , f T l W t t f ? t t T T f , t f ? aWt-ftt, f t t ? W , ft., ?t., ?o<\, i o V ; (>b) t f ? f t ' t r o ,
WWW?, t f ? W t f f??, w f t f t f ? Wt?1t W t - W t t f , f t i t f ? ft5Wf'?-fwt, T t t W r o (WRtIT) iofeVifeHH, St., oib;
t ? n i W , f f t w W ? , W a f , f f W ? t f ? t w t w , 'wtt? t f ? (<^) t f ? f W ? W , W t - W w l f f f , rolf ioWife'i"!*, ? i o ; (v)
f;??H, f w ? w ? t f ? ftwt, 'wi?f?-?i?'W? t f ? w ? t t f ? W t - f t t f , W l - W ' f t ' ^ - W f ? , Tt?t?1Wt (WfwtfST)
w t w t , f t t t t t f ? W't, f?"m.tf? t w t w , WW?, f f t t t t f t iov?/ife>b?, ?? W t , ?t., (fe) W l t - f f f , t t ' W f t -
fW?W?, Wlt-W?tW?f, f?T3Itt t f ? Wl*tt? t f t W t f w f t ? f t l W ffftwtft't-f?TSt, ttt? W, ft., % )>% ( i o ) t f ? W t ,
t w w t f ? W?t W t - W t f (?) I f ? ? f3I ' W f f t - ' W i f ? Wi- M I f i~J'=1-ffW, t??i iOb-b-/ ife-bb-, <2-t, 8?>!s; ( i i )
'wt?ft-wt??I?'af?l?fCiiTf?3?t'8ffttff??lc?? I t f f t - W l - a f , f t ' f l f ' t - W T f ' O W , ?t?t?TWt ( W f w t f S J )
^f?fftlf "S f ? ' l t H f ? t t f T ? ft'?ttTtTW, t f ^ t f w "G iOb-V/ife>bV, ?t, V V , Vfe, feo, fei, fe?, feo, feS I
s t f l t l ? <^ftT C t i t t f C ? t I f ? T W t t f ? t t T T f t f ? t w t w
W.t.t. t t f t ttwt
t t t t , W f T l t f t f T ? fCt? w f f f ? ?Tf%5 f?ctt I t w t f t t f "fl
f t f t t T ? T t f ? f t ^ f T ? tff w f ? t e s t f f t w t ? ? I W f ^ ^ I f ^ ' ^ - f l ^ t l ^ {J~ .11 ^jL^ j ^ l ) 8 Wit
W W ? t t t t , w f t Wtf T l f t t Cf CttfWf? Ct, f f f t t f t i t t >a?tW w f t (W) w t t f w w f , f r o w t 'W-af, f^ te ' W t f
ftftt?? W ? f T ? b'^'a? ^tt WJp fttft ?tCC? I CttfWt 'WSf I f f c ^ T t f ? f t f r o f r a ? t % ^tic? 8 ? i f ^ i ? (t)-ii?
f f f f ? f ^ ^ t t cmtt? c t t rot trf^ttro^ 1 w f t fwasiw t w atw? w?w? îift f r o f f f t f f w cftcg f w t w t i t f f
ttwf ffSICfl?
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wtwt Wtfn rnntn %ttntn (fttf, wifwi^^, t l R n , st^Tjnf#9 f l n nfn ntmr mcst wtm fln testm, R wtf
tfntmnnt^tfn^stn) i wins tf^-*wim wtf A^tetess ^tms nneniftn wm-mt (g.)-iiis
wtf AtRn wtn-ntwtnt (nt) fiivflw? fewfejÂn i tR>Aicn
^THJit cjt^ws RcstHt *l^nicAH i ntmniwtm n t s f ^ sstspifA
W T A T N T<iI5 nrsm N T N nr i
cmt^ Snn n<*fntfn^, .Bacchic, fngnt^ wnm-tttnTst5^
at^f^ 8 t f n Atwts wH-'winsstntf, tntnt, Rnn soAvfA.,;
an., -^.'so 1 ffw? fwrni-*^^^ WtAm ft mm wgaftfetw) csRn' nncn
csils nfsfAls^ A^ ij^jsst<MRf) ssfnms^.A^mtt S ^ w t ^ w i
af^t# 8 ame^ SiaR fnctftninfCAS wfwfs^ ( i ) wtftw;
^ ^-rarr ^ - - ^ s m i f t ( , ^ ^ ^ 1 >î) 8 wtn-
rnntn, j>n., ove, An., AAS, AAS>-oc3; (A) >^ cnnss, Atm^mn,
AtnAtn tffs-ntf' t f n fstst->iin ntstniwtm n m ^ mn 11%1n
R ^ ; (o) tnn fwmm Rm, <\S^-<TO; (S) >^ cnnss, 'Sfn,
fAcnn An/vn t w m nnnin watmn ssfn i fsfw^ #sffnss
fm^, (<t) cnnss, m'îRs^, v i ; (<B) wtf wtmn Atmm, An.,
SCT WtAts f^ sstn R^fsf^wtRnSt:an ssm AtsicA IS^
ioff; ioo; (1) fA??ff, A"mi>T;, ^V1; (V) t f f n f'wtfT,
ftiWfCA WtAts i8o/itoo ^ t w Aio/b-Aff nms ncm S^
wimîw, Nbi-o; (s.) mtflt, wtmnt, in., ^ss. At,, ivff; (io)
AtsicA I fnf^wwtm wtm RtnrcA, Rfn wm-TOtnm^- (f.
m ^ , f n n ^ - nimrf; in., s.i, ASS; ( i i ) -fmsmn, S S T F N N ,
iio/iAv)-*^ stRmt (wiff^^tff) fijnn i wtn wtfA"w-iiis R w r ^
fn^; (iA) w t t t f , nt^&ssi, i^bt., Aoff-f>; (io) wtn-ftwm,
Atmântn att^ s ^ ssfnwt nssîfsst^n ai^;msm?ts sHin^tA
fnn Rm, mttm n t ioffo, ov, o^, AOV; (is) t f n "wtfn .
tAts atmn mm ntn, cnjtn n t f n wtf Atnrt fnf%wwtmt
mf%A, tsjn, fnn^; (iff) nmfmf, f'wtn, is.0; ( i ^ ) ?nf,
ffmcns wm n*^(itc^ nnrnn (ssifAwn i #nn-nsifAffnss
niA*n-wtmn, is-e, is>v, Aiv-is.; ( i i ) cntss,
fj3ts%w WtAts ntm^ ati^ wutn# m^ssfncn i f t n r f ^ n t c f
wtn'Sn-wt'omRt, Aii-s., AS>^, AA-o, AAI. SII-V; ( i v ) t f n
est f53t wtfnm ^ WtAts nftw wstj wtmjs CWSR csftn
Atwm, tntm, S t . , nt 0 A I ; (it>) wtfnf, f wtfn'F, i o o ; (AO)
n f ^ mt I fs5nnfte wtms nicw) fme sstninfCAs ncm
t f ^ - w t ' G F , wttm^-Atnsst <3ntn- ffi<p*fi'f 1 , mtntn itsto^,
fln wtms sstttsmwf (wtwi'^fmm ^'wt^-mRm s _. n ^ L J J )
AAto; (Ai) ntfw, f^tmn, ot., Off; (AA) mfntf, f^tntm, nt.
men ^frw wtmn wnmR n t t f n ma, lassf? ffcss wt^^m wcs
fntss, o t . , i f f S , S t . , Avo-ff; ( A O ) t n ^ , fnwtw'st^, it.,
WtAts ^nmt Anis n?i twitfn) wicsnatntwt, ^sntAfnss sstn
ooff; ( A S ) wtn-'wtn?ftf, R'm'wtmnn,. i M , AOV; (Aff) >^
nttncn wtAts. nns cnmm (fnctnwtm fwfn fwn-<f[s nR
cntss, F emfn-m'wtf, nt. i>i>oo. At., i A i ; (A^) ^ffw^,
sscmn^nm nnf .nfnrn mfs ^^fscwn) mt. wtmn 1km f;^nwi
f?fln,Rn^; ( A I ) R. Basset, Mille et un contes, it.,
( ^ ) , ntAm nscn mcst mm wtmc^ fwnnsj nRmt sm ^ i
<ôto; (AV) Pellat, milieu, itoo; (AS.) fnwtf, DM, S t . ,
(^fstw wicA, 'stAm f %mn fln), Rctnw CSCA? f^ f f csttst
AVi-A; ( 0 0 ) R ( s s > F , wfntn, j>t i i S ; ( o i ) ^siAAlf, it.,
flenn nRm mR w t AS, icnn R wtn-wtftw wtmm Res? fnests
itoV-lo I
(m^sst) nRim wfwftw ^^fsntcAn *ant ^flw sstftfn n t n ^ i
Ch. Pellat (E.1.2 Suppl.)/fAtmntntf^
fbf^ ssfsntc^n 1
#sfmnnn tns^ns Sean s#?rfen, wtf Aimt ctn Snrnnnt ^^^BfiH (:^si\ J _ H I J-.I) 8
>s afsin 'wiMi^ n%Ftncm ^ f w ^ ssfswt msm ^^Rntem i f A W n t f n f f ^ wi^-tt?nr3ff tR.flenn m^nt t wt^
afftnmn AS, wtms 'ijt ^^fn^ nmm lansft^ ntsRw AS mt I attntens n ^ t ^ 'pnlnw wmn mt^tfsn 1 ctmsattntm (i_i
WtAtm wtem Scan ^fsnte^, fwR Ssfwf (mwm i??m n ssRwt) <!,) ntfew tt'antn 'jxts/nc^ iAff^ nm wtmn wm mt
^tfm nsm <j>fssif|cni, Rsf wtms sfsw est nw ssfswt ignn's RnC'sis M?ic?i ntfc*4 >itH? isff/fnit ioss nmwtmnf^ 1
fsmmn WICA SAm cmn?tt mwm ^ sf&w nn i fÂls Aoi nnsf wt?n wte ^t^^'^rfn wsmn'me4^ i o nsn? wfntfA
wfntft WtAts fnm SO mtf R ^ f^ >i)nt tm fl?l ssRew ssRm? t? fwR sstnem n t f ? ' ^ I F nnRcn? f?wtn fwRss
^m, n^ntfêw 'ntw memi wwm f^ m i ssmn nntents^nn wmn^^ wsittm ?smn I ^wn t f ^ n t ^ lit t f ^ n j f ^ "wmf
tAm n ssfswt wttfnetesn ^jnnR S^RSICAH I nfma ssRnn <3 wmtm mm (fsetn wiRRifn infew) f mwtn 1w^
cmcss wm WtAtm nntent^mwi AS, Rctnwwfsm^ftnntsmm ^m, Aif^, ffss-A, tfÂtn, # s n ^ <3 nsfswt Rncntoffttm
TSfjg (wtn-wtnmft, Rmfwtwtnn, i^c; wtn-msfntf, f'sntttiA', tss aftnn nsRnte^n nfnm^^ftf^ A?, wmem wens? ssnf? n^
AAH-b-), wmf^ wtAim nsm -^RiJic^, wims nent^Mflt Î2iiî '
tnn if R'^c^l?
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w e f ^ s t p s f s f t r a te*)! C t t ifftlft WIW RwjilH siftillC?, ^ ^liljH ^ - ^ ^ " ^ ( ^ j : J1

wtltti Rw^Rit R t l f w W f f f s ( i ) sTRnpr-RlRits "wf t w f ? T W t t?tft-'Wt?TO I t w W f t ? 1 W i i f G U f ?
tifw-m wNron f I t t f f t , ed. Sidney glazer, New- cf^cw ft t ^ w i w f t wt-w^8ftf I f f f wtc?, W W ?
Haven 1947; f t W t l W twc t l f ^ ?t?)lC? W i f
ftW WtWCt ilt WTf? Cfi^C?? ?T?t1? ftfc? (tw Wtftw,
TTtTTCW # t t fw t ^ ftff ^ f ilfft #tf-fftft
?f., feo) I f f f sf/iot flf? t l f t f f f w f f f
(bio-Bibliography) i W H W t t s f w " W t t f t t l t t i l f t c W
( w i t - f ? f ? tc f f f f f c f ? t w t , t w " ^ >5Rwftf
t?fw<3 tRrttl I ( ? ) w t t - t w f ft-fttiRt-wi?if, f f f Wtl?
t l c t ? ) I f?t? w?rtt? f f W f ? , % i i ? , wft w t w w t w t 1 ft.
tfsttftt tjlftt tt?t f l ^ t l (ed. A Caferoglu, Istanbul
\Sio-?o/t. fe??-0?-iI? t t T ? f Cfi? i i f t t c ? f?t? wtt I f f ?
1931: cf. also JA, 1892, 325-35) i (o) W t t
t l ? ? W - f t t , f t W I C t t f t w W f f ? (cf. Gesch, des Qor, W t W C t f^twlW f R w f l c W ; W t t ^ f t W f W ? ?^-il? ffft
111, 243 and Brockelmann, S. II, 136) i 'Wt?f ? T t f ? t w t f ?'ttWT W H - W W W t ? - ? i f w t f f f f ?
C f t t W W t t W t W w t l t f C ? ? W W vSW W ? t ? f f f f t w ? wtjt? fRwflct? I f f c f ?

w t f - f t f - ? f f f 5 f t t f t f f f ?
WltTtt^ f ^ l t f ? ft t W f f ? 5 ? l t ftR ( < U j _ i ^ ^ w ^ R ? W W f f f ^wf-ttctfcwtitcf^ w t t t t fffwcw I

ffsT? t f t fffw f f f f ? t ? # t f w f f f ? fRc? I t f f c t t f
^ L i J I) W I C W I W 3 f W 3 f t f f i t m i tf? Wttcw Wfc??
t?fCW IWT f ? t C f t f ? W t t - f T W f ( f . Off^feô) flR Sttl?
c t t t l ? , ? T t f ? t WW; i l t f f W t c f t f ? w w w 5 i t ? i c t git
ttfw W? f f e ? I w i f TlWtCt? ftttw? f t ? t f i t W, W l
fRwflct? tttw ilftt t C R ^ W W tf??t t f t f t C ? (S. W t t - f f f ,
W f t l f W 'S fWlTf^ ? W ? t (f. S Glazer, In JAGS, w t t - t l f l f , w i t - f l ? t f , t w T t w t ? ) I f f f oa^/hbs W C t t l c t ?
1942) sfttC? fw? t w % ? WTffW f t t f f i t fw? tjlf? tw? ( W i t - t t W ' , ? t . , "Ife; wwt?, W f f t f f , C f t Q w , f o l i o
1.67 V ) iI?lO(I-b-/fe'5sb--'Jsfe W C t W ? t t w fr:? ( W f [ , .t?f1t,
?st?t I i i t f f t f ^ "wt^t^-wftf' f f f i f t c f W W W W '?fif w?
?f, ?fe?; W t f t - W t W t f f t - ' W t f t f . o>bo/fe'io-it? t?ttC??) I
fi??lC? I W t W l W W ^c t^t? t K I C t i *Wl?f ?Tff?Ct? 1tt5
^ f t w f?T? WW fw?- W t f ? fIR wtftw fftf? f ^ ^ f T O t r w f t i% î'^) ^tc wtw W t , f f f o'bi/-
f R ^ R t f f i t I tl?5ftf? W f t c ? f f ? ^^f^ t J t W t t f f t W f t t t fe'î W C t w f w c t w f t f ?i?'W t w "wf-il? t f t fftw

f ^ t s f t 2s}?t fRwflct? I t f ? Wtft-f1?' t f f t - ' W T f t
(f.
ff?c?s ( i ) tj??ic?? w i f t c f t ? f f % c W W Rft f w? f f t c
^C?; ( ? ) t f j c W ? t f % c ? f ^ W f f t t f f t f l Iff? f R f f
oWfe'^'Js)-m f w t fifft f f f ftftt wiwc?? t c w f f f f ?T?i
t w fffwtlct? i i ? i ilt oftwc tf^-'wtftcf iifit f t fg>8
^tctt?|f?tctiw^c?w I i t w w t i ? t ? f R f twwiff?
f t W f W f fw? ?bWcf t t t t t ? f f f w c ? I tw f^
fffttflctt I f f f ^ t f ? w*icf fw? tf?if tc?it? ^tc
f W wt, t f f cttftc? fw? t c f f wtc? t f t ^^c^ fic??
' W l f f t T f ' ?I>RW wf Wf1?tC? t t f 'Wt?f ?Jlf?'tCf i f f
wt I t f ? t w 'Wlt^lH (^. Ob-(2-/fefe<t) f W C f O^bt/fe'^'^ W C t
wwt? ^ t f l t T t f t C ? ' ( C f 1 t C f H cwcaj g w w W c ? ) ttff
H f l ' t f Ct^t f c t f f f ^ f C ? ? 1 ilt f l c w f f f CW f W t w
f t f t t C W I wtf ? T ? W t?t? t l C W W R f f tIttJT W ? fC?? 1
w t t f f 'wt?tw' fctfft t t f w i f t t f f W t f t t ^ f ? fft?tf4 wt I t?f? W f t t s t f ? t ? W W f f R t f c w ? t ^ " t55
wRrn ww^ wc wiftcw f?i5t t t w t mm few-!??!? ti?ti I t w "wttro-ii? f W t f ? R?fe t ^ f f f t t w f f f c ? t f
??'Wt I f f f t?irf t t c ? ? w f M ?ttw t f f t f f f f w t l c t ? I
i i f f*fi?f f k a ? wtw?ff tsffttcw wi? iifftew t#???if f
f ?jif?tfff, f ? W H ftiif wi1ttt?cf? twt f : g t f?t f c t fR ftw^ ?? I f ? t ? titti, f f f w f ? t ? ttt trow?
?ttlc? I f ? t ? Wai t w " W f l t t w t w t iift fftc? t?w? f c t t wt; w t f f f (tl^=cj wtw w ? t t t ? wtw W I t W f w -
f t f t w ftfct t ^ ^psftlRf tjitait ft? I W f ? n R W W ) i l f t t f R w ? W I f t f w t?t? a f f f f t t t c
Cbf f f f t t C W I tf^flftc ^ I f t ? W W ? t f f t - ' W T f t
f t f ^ (2>) W f f t t , Analectes, 1, 823-62; (?) fff,
ft>eW, ? t . , ?b-?, off?->b; (o) t w TlWt?-'WttfTWf, Wtt
'wttrocf ffgif f ? t ?t?iic? (t?t? w i f t f c f c t ? t ^ t ? WW s.
W f W , it., ?b-i; ? f . , 88 f., ?b-? f., oi'^ f., d-t., offfe
f?t?^-fflt?t, Hyderabad 1350/ 1931, iv,'303-8; (8)
f f o f , f f W f t - t ' w l , i?i-?; ((!) ? 1 ? f l f , W f U f - W ^ S W W ? ? , f., Ofe? f. 8o>!s f.) I fR Offo/fe^bi i?tc O'ilff/fetff-il? t C t J
Tunis 1289/1872, 63; [b) Brockelmarm. II, 109, S io tC f ? l ? wftw t l f W ? 1 t l t ? M - f W W f f f t w ?SCW I t?f
II, 136; (H) I Goldziher, Die Zahiriten, Leipzig Wtt-?ttlt? ' a ? l ? - f T f l t ? W C t fffffe ( i t . -^C fft.,
1884, 188 If. t^tfCt? wf?" f t t t t ? , f"'^ vs?feff-vs?fefe; i t ?? t s ,
S. Glazer (E. 1 . 2 ) / f ? m t W t ? f n CftQst t l W t i o 8 ; tWlC^T?! W t ? ^ ' f t t W ? Manchester
t t W f ffftWt
t.R
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Wtf TI?ITPT WTw-wT^^tf
767; W ^ tfe? f a f f ? t f f e t f t f r o , roff, i f . , ' f r o f t ^ wff, w t t - f f T t t w w ^ w t - t t w ' 'GWt-fwww

o o o Ambrosiana?) f W roT-^) f W f t f ? fft t f ? w5fif?ffwtwfe^f?c?? wwwtro?icf t w I wfWR? w f f f
t w t r o ? (5.)-(^ 2>lô1t f t (WlR-Tt^Sttftt) fftflflCWT I t f ? c f t f ? tWWFF f E W t i r o ftffWtCt i f t tlf^ WWt^g tTOf
1fffT?T?? ? R 5 wtfft'siftfft f f t f t r o ror? tw>Q?t ttîic? ^stc ffc? I f ? t ? ? ctt ? i t ? f t t w t t f w "3 w t w t r o f^tft?
(wtffsrlf ft>s?Ti?t-ft"f5tT-Wtro i f f i , 'J. ivvsj) 1 1 ^ f ^ ^ ? f i i f fttt? f f f Wtw^ ^tt ft? i t t ? f r o f t f t C f f f l t t t
t^t?? f f l t WTt-?1?lftt ?Tf-fT>s?lftt ?1f?5 ^pSf Wfftt? ct? I ?f^ t ^ f f f w ff%?t? ( W t - t T W f T " s W t - t T f f
(fT?ftm bvS<ô/bt9(}-i) I fft o'ô/feVb f f t t ffWTftiT ftl^Wtt? f t t t w f t W t w t f i l f f t f R w ? tft f f t w , t^stft
fTt?? ft?? I W t ? ? f ? f t f ? ftffWf "Q W5ftaftf Wf|pf-?Tff i o o i ) wftft? ( W r o ? ^ 8oo/ioofe t f c t tWâ ^5t?lft)-'a t f f
w t t - f ? w f f W t r o w?T t f ? f t r o - i i ? t ? f t f f i f ? f ft?? I Wf?if Wfwcftt f f f W t ? ? 1 f w t t ? f??t1t?? f f f f l R f t f
ct-fitiftf ? fftw^ttf? fft?tf ftf^ t f t t ? ?tt?T t f ? f t r o t f fRw? ( j i j j V i j i j ^ i .1 ,7,) f ^ - t r o "wt?
Wft-Wfftf' ? t f ^ (% Wtt-WI?T'Gflt, ?i?t w f w f f t f t - t r o , ?iwl-t-wt>sro) tt%ffw wtt?, f f i t t t f r o t w f t ftww?

fe) I t r o f t t t f f t - f t f S l ^S W f f f t f CtfftW? t t t j 1fflt%? ( w t f .t?it f r o w t w t f w t t f ? 'wftrot ff^tw wtt?) il??
f f t ^t?Tt? I t f ? t f r o - m t t w f twft ? f f t ^ W t t t T t T f "T f ? t ? f f t f t 8i8/io?o I
? T t - t l f f t f t f ilfft ? M t Wf?^ ft?? mi t)o ?1t? f t ? Wff WItJt? W ? f f R t t f f ? i l f W ? t w f f f t I f f f Wft-
t w tW<3 I i l t t t ? twft f f ? t W f f f W ? r o WTt-W?tw??)? WfftW (5.)-if? i l f W t ? ' S t f f f f?tt? il?l W t f W f - WtR'W
t t f t ntwtffw f f ? t w ? I w f t - t f w t t ? t f t w r o , t?tf?w W t t i l f t t ft%WS ftff?tf?Ct? (g. ? 1 f W, it., i^8, o t . , \rh
tfwffta twft wft-ti-rFiftf w t r o f r o f t w t ? f ? t -bf., ffV, 'bfe; t f ? W f t f t - T f f t , f??' Tl?fsM-?IWft, O f . , C^VCi
f f t W f I t t ? I t l t t t f t - W s W olo/fevo t f t t t f ? W t t t t f t f ? f . ) wit-wfR"w-ii? R t t f f w ? w f t ? t t ? f ? T t w t w ?
t t t ? ^ f t ? ? I WTf ?1?jf? w t t t f ? WTO-if? t i f t W t t t ? tttw WttTftf f t f t ?? I W f t t ? îffai ?fW5f ?fSw WfTT^ftw
WW f t ? ? I ffwft? twf? wfWtf tft?? t??ft? t f f t fttft f r o f W t f t ffwwf? t f t f ? f f t t f f t f t t w I t f f 'wif Ttw
^t i l t l r o wTtfwf, wftw, t f t , WtfwT t w f ? ctTtt^t ( t f f f f f t ) t?aFt3 Cff? Cftftf f&wttro t w t f t?Ct? ?ttW
WW t ? ? t f R t t f ftftt f t l ^ tg? wtWtf twtw -^tw I W t f WTf tc? ?? W 1 WTf f W t W c t ? trt? w i f t f f W t W t t ? W f f f f t a f
?1?TT? Wftww t t t t t ? t f ? fSRT ?lf5ftw ffw WTf f W t r o - i f ? fto-fttSfjff f w t f f ^ f?tt? 1 i f t t r o r o f Wff TTtn?
twtttt
t w f t w f s ^ t f W f f T f f t f t w ? I WTf f W t r o w t t t??1t? ffcwQ fftttwft? fwfffw ^5t?ff?ct? I t t t t t f t f w f f f c t ? trt?
wwtfw Wftf fftw ft^ ?t?ft ^ f f t t f f i t t ? I wwtfaffft?t f f f ffwtw? f R wtft f?tt?, f f f w f w t f f f w f f t w ?
w T f t - ^ W f f - i f ? w t j t t ? ? WW WtWtt w f t t f t t t f ? w r o - i i ? c f f f ^ f W ro w I f r o w t t - t f W f t - t w f t ? f (twt. "wtf
t??ft? Wfflw o l f t tt? f f t t f t t f Wff WftTi? ftff?W ft?? if??. wtt-wwtf, tttctt ifeffi) f t t fW' 's ttftftwfR ?tt?tc? I wc?
ff??f? W t W t t t w t t - t t W ' >sWt-fW?fW (Wf^'TO w t f ? 'Q f^twtf ?]tti ffffwifff ?sRf? f f cf?t f tsfii-ct wctt wctt
Wt?'Wf? W??-if? t W t t r o fT?t?ftW ifeOfe-ife88-il fffffw) I t f f f f w t t t i c ? I tff?-W>s?t?f >Q f f t wt-w'wt?f? tit?
Olff/feVff-lrb tftt t f ? wtft?? f w ? ?? ilt?twft ff? WT I WTf f w t f f f t f f (a.)-cw? t t t T f t r f ? i ?? (JRAS, ifeoff,
?1?TT?-il? w t t ijfj Cff? ' j k f f t f f i t W ( W t f t - f T f t t V o ) , f f f f r o atift (?iw iitt's t^Gi^w wtt?) ^tt t?t ftftf
Wft-ftft#, f r o o v ? / S 9 f e ^ ^^X Vo/fefeo f f s t T t t T f t Wftt (D.S. Margoliouth, in E.I., ltt t ? w t , Lleden,
W W - ? t f ? fItt? I f r o WW w t f ?T?Tt? W t t - f ? T t T ? f it., b% WTf W?Tf? f t w ) I
?ft-f?fWT?t W t f ? b ? f ft?? (5. W f it., iff; ot, f t t ^ S (i) Wff^, t t f w , fft., 'J. O V o ; (?) t f ? t f f f f R ,
'J. V I ; fff., ovc^; -Ist., 8<bb ^[te t ^ 'Îftf? tîtf?) i t?tTf HoH ( f t t t ? s t f l f f s , ?f., % fffe); (o) W f t - f t f 8t., c^;
f r o c*tt f t c t ? f t w t f f f c f t WfW ro t i t I f f f t ? Ct (8) Wtt-tlflf, ?ff, JRAS, ifeoff, V o ; (ff) Wf?-?T?ff,
f f f WW?-W?tt?? t t t T ftWfwffW ftfwt??, t w W t t f ^ f r o , ot.,'offo; (b) t f ? ?TWf?, ttwt, 8t., oibfe; (H) WTt
tft%w I #?t?? C*tt ? e t f s f t t w f f f f r o W t t - f f TWtfw ftf^ ff1, f f W ; o8v; ( V ) Brockelmann, i, 283; S.l, 435;
t?.ft? ft?? I t r t w t f ? f f t t f fff^ t t t r t t ^ f t W f f t ? (fe) f ? ^ ^ t f ? 'Wl?tWt-"Q?t?ro w f t - f T t f f , ff??-t Wt-t
Wtftt? i v i j o t t wftWWf t f ? f t t t t t ? I i t t f t f a f r o f W ^ t t ? w t f f W t r o W?R-<f ftffwtwtf, Chalon-sur-Saone,
w t f f W t r o Wtt-tt?fw-#t; W?W WitWEW? W ? . f f ? t f t f t t ? 1933. 32 ff ( f t t w W f T W - ( W l ? ifeoff); ( i o ) 'wt^-?t??ff
t t t T f t c t ? w i f t f ? wftftt? w f f f c f r f ? f t ? t f t t t w t I f ? f ? f ? W f f TtWT? Wlw-wf<3ff (wt?ftw), ft?rc?t ife8fe; ( i i )
t t t t f ffftftt
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Contents
I. Keilani, A b u Hayyan at-Tawh:di ( w r f mvs),w r t ^ ^s?tf^ w i t ^ r - Y ^ Ij-^La 8 (nt)

?miw i5eo; (bA) A b u Hayyan's little treatise on ntAtft I n w t n tjtfmn f n t n t ntcm 'î'^ cnwîfts nfmtcn
writing ed. F. Rosenthal. Ars. Islamica, 1948, I WtAtn wm I wtmn atfw mn n t e f fnfw^ niRt mm ntn i cs^
ff.;,(io) Wtf AiuHTra R n l ? 8 (^) Isnwi^t-tntnt ncm WtAtn ntn fsjtmn, cwnem ttftn i tntn mmt (n) îtt
tffn-'Wtmft S ^ fntntST, At., 1 1 ; t m WtRt-At%f, mnf? cwtntnwtcs msin ^^fsntcAn i c w ncm mnm, c ^ ncm
'*\m' nttfe-ntnttt At., 'J. ffSiA twitfw I w t f mw (m) S5v|^ ntnwt, f A W f t f n 'SAVW t n n wtft mnm t m s ^ns cwts
wt^ (m)-css stns mm^^, 3 w t f Aimtcm S ^ tj^nt? ^ fmtem i CSÂ nem, ^mnn-wtsts CSÂ ncm ftmn i w t f ^fwtn
mtmcA, tf? tm w t f A I S J I W ? SmR mmt n m ^ A S ; ( t ) nfnm WtAts wtn >iis5f? Smtst t i n i^t ^ Smtcsit twR n n t w
tsmm^-ATms, m ^ ^ ijl?t*tc^ st^w ( t ) s<#W w m ntsts' affnw I WtAts ttm "Swm t s n mffwt mm rnnrn t s n
fsm?5 wiAin f ; ^ ; viit tmt? I. Keitani '^w^ mmttms, mmm ntffwt Swcn t i n ^mffs fstnnens ^fnîftn cnm i Swcs s m
m m t n , mf^m ys.*^, w m - f n n n t A ^ s S^fw fcws nnn"gnnrnnens nft ^^^fcwfnAWAS i tjtfwmnniAifl
wtn-?imtmft, i(?; ( i s ) f A ' i ^ m f f ' n tt^mmmft, wtf ^tn^t (g.) (m) flem w t f mttn (m)-'^ 'Ssme^jn mm îtst
m m ^ - w t ^ , cossin ioiff tt. St., Ao(? I tJtfwmn m t fstftn fssft ( f s w t n ft^tmwt) mmft fn'wts
S. IVI. stem (E.I.2) ^_ f^jiîASftn t s n 'Smns (g.) (m) flem wtms Mneats mm i ^n'"wtn wif_
Att^ (m)->iis ntwfs mn t i n t m n fmw mfn^ wtn-'wtfnD i
^^^^tf^ ( j ^ U j_>l) 8 ' w t n ^ t f n f A N t n t f n n - Rfn flem f s t n t stens nftm (wtn-tmm, s t . , A o o - A o i ) i
Atnttfm, ^ tntn ^'wtms m t t (g. <MymRsi)-s
wcs t s n 'wtsfnn-ntss wtsts mwts ntn S ^ tntn fmw mfn^
t m n Rmen f t n ffm f A i m n t f ^ - A i m t f m n ^niRjR* An i
w t n - f mf^ wtn-'wtfnfsmt nfnm Seat <^fsnTcm (wtn-
wTAtn ntms ( w n wtmn f ^ >ijnt n t f 'î<Min mm wimn
t n f f w t s , S t . , i i t o i ) I WtAts nttnfw^ ^ 8 w t f A t f ^ t n n
w m t n n n t wtmcm wtm wtcA i attfn i^fwmtn^ fj?
'Swm t s n stffwt t s n "wtm mnn t s n 'wtm ntmns w t n - f m f
NS fm'wiwif nnatnn nt^^nnltncw nf% wtcA, twtn ^ m w n ^
w t n - w t n m f i fwfn flem fwtfn'm (m)-'iis ntm (an^;
n n t m r t n ntt ^gmnmn t f n 'wtntnn-nttncw nnmcn n m
Sngn-mm, e t , vsis) i
w n , tnfn wtmn ffw, cnm sfmn-fiifwif%c #w ^ m fffnmn
mi mRn (m) nsmn fswens fm t n n t n ajAt w n itst
net îAtc4 f m stcmn w n i wtmn 'prmn wtn^ fffc mfnm
fwfnftsntmttnfmwn^fnm^mnmnfnc^wsjnnAn i ^Hfis
lit^fn^ f n f n n ftmcs wtms m s ^ # m wtwrnft sscsn i t s f n
w f c n t 'wtnm%mt w w r n ^ t i n i f A ' t m n t n n 'wrf
m^-'iin s^rnnew fwR m s f f ^cn mn (tnRm)-'^ bfnrn ntn
wtn-'îMtf (s.) tmntcwn wtnmn m'S s t e m , ^ nfnntwf? Nfint cnttcn nnstn ssfncw t t c w , w w s t s ^^mn (m)-'iis
4fs<H m fwfn tncntns n m nscm i ^(5 tnffwf^c^ mstnnw
f t m ^ wtnen t n f w t n sscm ( w t n - t m m , St., A o i ) i t s ^ -
'wi<M!f new m < f w n nsf|[w nfnm nen w t A? i ^mm ne^'s ntsfts n%inew fwfn f'wtfn'm (m)-i^ mnntnen tnt^mn w n
wartnf^ ntsn w f w s H n<1nt ttfwT Smew f f ^ nwj wtCA (fitts^) I t i f vis n"=Rn mm i^t n'Rtf? wts ewtsmn A S i R R
nfnrn ncn sn, fnemw cfitwrn cn, w t f mf^-'^ nn 'wtssTfnt n c m , f'wtts'm (m) wtmc^ wtn-wrfnts m n n ^ fnf3s
wTAtem ^ ^ "^c m R n A t m wten mi t n t e ^ ^"wtnt ssfsntflim (fitter) i
wiAtn wtcnn mncn W 5 , t n ^ m ^ (wtn^s g. ntf 'wiwin fm^) i wct"*!^^ t c s t n n t n ajAt ^fnen w t f Atf*tn (m) f l e m
>iwfn c n w t n cntss i w t f ^ t s m (m) n t n t ^tAts ssm Scat
c^tiSt 8 ( i ) t n n m'n, e t . , ASo-i; ( A ) t n n f-wtnm,
ssfnen w t n t j J i , . . ^ ! J ^ j J i ( c n w t n n i R ) sfnrn wtAtess,
m'wtfn^F, mm. wutenfeld, i i i ; ( o ) n t n t f f t , wtnntfn-
wRRw nsfscn i $Aisn t s n msmm (s) n c m , w t f A^ftsm (m)
wttnt^, mfnn m#rf^nt Schefer {^) A S I , nai tove <P-vS5b-to
tnrnt^ wtfnm w t f fpT|si w t n - m ^ cnsmn An i ^ t n wtnm
t., i s e t ; ( s ) m'ît 'iint (e) wtwwtmt, tMe^ mmem; (to)
wtAtsfnfBf^ s i m t c f w t e n t b m ^ I Sm
m m t f ! , Rntfs't-^'Wt, Ritter, n t , l . AS.-<OO; (1)
mm cmn ntntw fsttem AtstCA cnt nrtttcs wrmt nwcwn
wH-wt-fwtft, nt<pintw, Ritter. nt. i t . , Ai; ( v ) wH-mn-mf,
wtn-twtns-, f. A V , ASA; (5>) msm^tf, f. ie, iiA; (io) S. s-fsnin I w t n w t f A^mm (m) nfn^m, wtnm cwtntem mtn îit
nrtttcs nwcn s>fssif|ni( i wtnm w t n stfâtA (n)-'iis 'jcAS
IVIoscatl, 11 testamento di A b u Hasim, RSO,
1952. pp. 28-46.
wtfsmn fimn i wtntcm nesr iisswn ,^ ii J - ^ ^ i
s. Moscati (E.I.2, m.m.^.)Mn^ ^ spRf
( c n w t s sif^) w t f mRm t n n 'Swm t m s t f "wt f l e m i fwfn
t m t f fnJlcmn
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Contents
wlf?lf*tt w t t - f t f f oi? wtf t t f f R
t t ^ f f l t W H miWffWT (R)-m1w5 Cf?R I Rft %H W f ? t t f t R t ? t ^ t c miR1f?ttf?Rt?t W f wt^ (W) ^tc

t<t t i R I W o s t ? ftft; w f t ? ^tw wftrat w H l t c w c?, W f ? ? f W f C ? t (lT?1fR-WWR, ? ? f , \rb; tTff-t?f?,
tr WitW'Sl >1MI ( s t t s ^ ) I i ? f , ^-bi) I
Wf wftt (W) t t tTOtftfft# ? ? TOR f f t U o ? m i C*R f ^ t ^ ' ( i ) t f ? TtWR W t - ' W R f T W f , W t - t t T W , f t t ?
W R W f t t R t O f f S l ? ( R ) - m t W R T O f ? f R t TOt f f t W iO?br R., 8 t , ? o o - ? o i , RltJt i i b r o ; (?) C t t f , W?t'1f-
f t f t r w ? I R t f ^ t l t t (W) fpg ? R o (R, m T O Rft w j t '^tw t?f?, W t t W T O (WfwttW) i ? f f R, i ? t , ? b i , R l t l t
i R i R f r o iRiR? f"wftRt (w) f r o c f m t t ? ^ ^ T O W W i?o^; ( o ) >^ C t t f , W f f f - W ? ? f t , 'Jt?i i o f e f f / i f e l f f , ? ?
f r o ftft CtlR? 1 R o C ? Stm fftw (RfttCW l l t M H ( R , Rft Rl, ? t , 8 ) r 5 , RltTt 8 ; ( 8 ) tf? 'Wtftt-W??, W t t - t t f ' W t ,
iJW? fftewcw I f ' W f t W (W) ftmW f f t W't, WW! wtft W f W W W r o t f f t t ? , f t t e w W . ft., 8 t , iHbH, RltTt ? o f f ;
3 w ? ffttrow C f ? ? C f R ? i T O f R c t wR f f t r o 2tR (ff) t ? f t - W t f ? , t t f t - f TW, TO t?"?lt f W ? W R - ' W ? t f ,
W f t c t ? f t w t ? Rft ?ftict?, w , f t?<3 w , tro Cfl?1t? fl?ct '2??i W . ft, fft, > s i 8 ; (b) tf? W R , W-T?T^Tft-f??t, TO
wft ajw? fftcwR W ; ??i wR i i t w w fftcwR- c?, wff?, ttti W . ft., t f , S o ' i ; ()) T t f W W t W f f ? W f t - ? T ^ ^
^ I f f s l t ? ( R ) W W C f i l f l t ' s f t l W o fftwRct?, R f wft W W f f f W t - f t t f , W ? f f t - f I W t ^ W t t t ? - f ? W t t , W t w fff?,
t?t fftc t t f t R l t IftR?ft?tRR?, fft?tc CWTO W W m i t Zf^ i 8 i 8 / i S ) S ) 8 , ? ? t , h-b-h-H, t l t r t V ? 1 ? ; ( t r ) t?tttf,
wftt -3 W W T S ?iw? wâro W W m t t R^3wftt t c t t itff W t - W t R ' W R - R T f ? " , f f t f l W W f f t t T t , CtâW^ t t . R . ,
wft Ctffcft, wft f t ? W R t % fftw CfRwR (tRfR-tTW, W.ft, fftf?-f?t, T T f ? t l ? ? ' ; (S)) f f f fHtWf,
fft, O i 8 ) I T T t t f t - tTTTtt, t r o t - t Rtff?w-t ttwt, W c r o W . ft,
i l t wf? t r o W t T f t t f t - w f t ? (?) W f W t f t R t ? t ? f , ? t o ; ( i o ) WR-?T?tf, w w f t W t W t t - t T T O T , ?t?i W .
f C 5 i ? f w fc?? c t , f r o f c t ? m C W f ?ct?, m R R W f t ft, ?t. I
W f W f ^ t f ? tv5?t t f ? ? t f "W? ? l t C C t ? T O ? t t l t I t?
.WRfTWft
f ' W f t W ( W ) f W C f C t t f c W f t f C t W f wt*it (W) f t t w
C f t t C t ? I W o S t ? t f ? fc?? W f f i t f R t f t ? ? 1 C ? ? I t f ? i l t ^ ^fRfr (5. wt-if^)
Wfc? w?'a f R t fc?? c?, W f w f ^ (W) (f'wft'ro s t c ^ 'Sft^'^tf^, "rtftRs -sji^ (g. tw)
t^5C?) t t t C t t , f t t r o ? T t f l C ? tft ( W f f W ? ) W W C f i l f t t
^^tf^fir (w) t T t f
<3ftw f t ? w f l c t ? I w t f ctit! wft t f t t r o W f t ? t ft?C
(j^Lv ^1)
W T f I f r o f l f tf?b? wtwTOW I
8 (t)-m
t t t ? W t ! ?1ffW? ( t ) t f t R l t l c t t , f f t WICWW i l t ? t f f t w c t ? wtf T t i t R (W) f ^ ?iffsii? (R) ^tc t?cm^ ?if?tt ? R o

tw? tttc? WW f c t ? t c t i t ^ f ? t ^ c ? I w t ? c w r o W W ?t?llC? I w t f ? T f t R (W) ? C t ? , ?lffsll? (R) W W f t - W I R t r o
t C t t . . . . W 5 S t ? f f ? t t c ? f f f W f C ? ? W f f i t t f t f ff??tc?? i?CSt^f'Wittlifftc?8 (I T.aU djU^ ^..i^J. j i ^ ^ J I
(Wt-ttTW, 8t,?oi) I L.jl_*_* J j J I j L^j "C? W W ? ! wtw Cttt?t W W ,
f f ? ct fftw tft3 f r o f w ? j ^ f f t w c ? ? t r o tt?wt f f t t WWCt? f i t ft?w?,fftt WWCt? t?w?ftro, wtft

f5f f ? t c t t t W C f tft wftt ilt w f ? w t w fTO t?
C1W?t ftC? ffftw wt?" (tf? Wtw, W f T f t ) I w t f ?TttR
?tt?ic?f, t?tftct? f ? f r o wt^tw w w R f t wcft ff?w ( W ) - m ftif5 # ? f tl?ict ttwTOw I

f t r o f f t t t Cftt c t t , t r o f W Wat faif ft?Wt t r o c f c ? i fttift 8 t f t ?TWR w t t - ' w i t f T W f , W t t - t t T W , f t t ?
tro tctj f r o c t t ttaitt ftro t w ?? W T C t f ? wtt 'ftte? iO?vR., 8 t . , 8 o RltTt ? 8 f f I
CW8ttW?l?^?f
m i WW f l t c R ( ? T m f R - t T T R T , ? t , ^'ô; W - R f f ?
'G?t-W?f?, fft, i b - 8 - m ??tC) I rt^1^'WR (jjLLa. j_.l) 8 ' W ? f W ? t f ? W ? " T O t f t
W f T f f r (W) W f f ^ ( t ) ?tc c t f f f f w f ? t f t t ?T?? W t - f t ? t l f , ftfw fft?f W t t T O - m Rl3t?f, wf (ftfw
fftwc?? I t r o f?ftff, Rtw^ t f ? ttwT ? ? fcf f r o T f ? W t f f ^ f t f ) W ? f W f f f t ( f ^ ?ffff/lr'bS> ^ ?ffH/lrti-m
ftotm fftttc?? I f r o f t f t '^tc T t f ? ?*ftT ft?c?H w t f t c w ) I f f f wt?fR f t ? R - m W W W f ft?TO ^tc t>| m
^?1?W (W), W f t t t f t R t ? t W f W t t f t t ^ t f t f t t t w w f t t f tftttct? t t w t?iRt mifft f r o w?? ? i f w ?>sro w w
W t - W t t t f ( ? ) f f t i w c t t f t w t w t c t t , W f WtRt?1tft cft?? c?f* f t f r w ? I t'sl WW f r o f t ? t f c C 5 t ? fff wtw
W f w t ^ ( w ) - m ftft -^tc^ w f ^ t f w f r a ? w t , t ? i f f ?
ttwf f f ^ C f R
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nm nr i Rtn n R g r n ^ wrfff wnSmn ncsj # s n wRnrRs Sorbonne 1971 t - i''. (^) cnn^, Les
<!>R?icA't I nmi ntatcA? wni'nnn tnrtm wiîw wr^m nfnc*ra secretaires poeters et animaturs de cenacles aux
naitn n w ffgm ^tncw '^nt ^trmn Rî?i Rfn nrttfcn He He siecles de Phegire, in JA (1975 t ) , 1-
nmtnm ^l^win ^Rsic^'f i
^^ftwr 1mn^ tR^Ms i g w R n<mi>if ftmcn wKm njtf% J. E. Bencheikh (E.1.2 Suppl.) / f m m n t n r f ^
nfwf ScJj I ^ , n n en^'ff'Stc^ t'1îcÎ m n<Hi<Ml1cvts
^sfT^'^îT^ ,(4_ji>!i. J J I ) swm-ntfntfn^'nf?mn ( t f n
wirnnmnnftme? I '^n^ste^nncmnftmeiffmfn-wrnif,
mft^, wtmff. An., oSi>o) w t w - w r f f t , i n / m mm
wtn-nmfnt% fsnttmA' mtn-f^ tffn-wmntA'-'an
watnrn nsfn i fwfn f l e m la^wn csftn lant nes nnntn n n R
nemnft i nn^rfn ^ nm^n nft ffn mn^mm nfnfSw
nscnn i fwfn fnmn t f n wrffA {sa-a^'/bâ-'K^ym ^men wnm
flenn I rmn fcn wrmn ^ n n f^twsj m ^ mftm-^tRfrnjA
xgrrnn ??fmn nen mnn-ian "wtsfmA t f n ntfm t f n wtftn-ian
n ^ ' a sr^rm mnnf^ ^^fsmflcnn. I mrf f'anrn-'^n nftw
n n e m mm ^ n^R f l e m i ntftn t f n f'wtfnm t^mrmewn
mmn (mmcmn fln i^t^stmn miSiw 'a mftnicn (swfB^ i^cn i
nsw^ mewn f e n (too/^vo) wtf; ^'ntm-n nfnnm wwi
ntwrcm mmcn fwfn sRmgfw me n w m '^tnnm^n
cwmtentwten wrAressmftem nwm cmnmens w m S|w ms i c m
nnfwmn nsfnrnn, tnetnw mntn '^fnenn wfnncn nnm ^ftn
n w fwfn wrmn m m n f t w nest An, f f f f n m w wrme^ ajAn
mar ftn 2ffwmcn m n n i wrmn wtammwt wm,
r>fse n w m "ên fwf^ snsis stwjtnwn^^Rm cnntmttftcw
f'anm-'iin n w wrn-^mnn tn^n-mA^ms wm-nA"^ff,
cmnmn w n i wtme^ ^^rrnn (fnfwm)-'a csmn w t A S 'ant
wM-'pnff, 'a wm-wtftw, mmm, wm-fmnmn stfcnn ntnc'f
too/tovo-i rnn stew m n n t f n fnmn-'as wtent wfntes fwfn
ffn sftmtt inn ^fntwn I
'snrf n^ 'a'lnAi^^-mniAr (g.)-'as stntm ftn sscsn i fwfn
ffn fncw wtnm^ wtft f n m mot âM? aj^ ntnmn nscnn, ctenras n j f ^ S c ^ lassf? wtnisis cntssntm wtff% sscsn 'ant
m m 'ann nn f?f%m wrcA i t m nrifw fwfn ffwm tme wmms S^stRmff ' w t s g ^ t f n 'wtf 'wm-wtsmfs eifw
wtnmfn*t-'wtm*ffwrfn-fnmr'wtfwt-^'wtm men mnn ^ nrnentbnifn^ tf^fw w ^ t i n i 'wtsfaiA ssfsn tf wtwen
ar^ n ^ n^cnn ntmn csnn nwm nwmen mâm nm m i f % f wfnA't-n ^ n m n m ^ntnwt sm^fn ^^fnewn i tnfwten
fnf%wwtent 'at annf^ o n 8f twt%w nsfwnn ntftf!^ wn?insncn,t%tn wSn^ m f % t ^ - s i s f * f S 'piew cmss atmcts
^ w ^ <j<ii!^ Atsifin I ^ n ntw w n i ctcnt^ S T R t f f s - f s t n e s n wtncn fnAw
w t f f t w m fncw's lassigR ^ (|w*r i f f f wrmn nsfnmnfn Atslflci't ^ t wtmn tnf^tw cmssmntf?e^ t f n wtfn' (g.) n f e w
maj w r ^ wwn n^nt nwmen ntnf mte^ i tmem nem nftste? srnmnsscsn I cnn n ^ R f n snsmatwjtswn sscsn'ant ^stms
'wtff tnn ntA'm w m - f n t f ^ 'a 'Smn^tA tnn nt^'m t f n ns ^ m cstm^3^ w R ^ w m ns t f f n - w t f w t A (5.)-'as i e ^
m^tn-'an Septet nf^w smtntfnns ^fnrntt i wt^mm tnn wtft wnnnsin nttA w n lant nsnw wtt'wt^-'as mt wm,
^'wtn 'a wm-fsîfte^ wm ^fnm nfpw fngrm^ <pRwt, wtf ( v e / i o 8 ) fnA An 1
'wt^ w m - m f n , m t n t f n ^ m n n , wtfn-wtnm' t m ^
wtsst^w fsmess wtm "stew fnsm'sten w t f ^ntst wwj
wrw-wrrnn-ianfnfs (nn cmat ^fS'fSwmennn) ftf^ c a m ^
taimft ^ m m n w i t flenn ^tt'Snkss wrmn nmmf) ' a ^ n n 'a Ît5 nmms ^Rwn nfnrn wtm rnn i fwfn fss^ ntnms mwm
crenn ^^fnwr i tm wwj wtwrnns, wtmn nmfnnnns ^^fnm iy^j) <pfnwr mt ncsf ^ m ^m%n mfrm t^tmem 'ant
ste cm Smmn wmtenn f m ? c'Ttmn ntt, wn^ t f f n - tmenn mmen wtmn mn f f ^ f w wwnwen Atsitsi m m <5tcw
f'wtm-'an ne ât^fn wwj n ^ srbfnw f ^ i mm wfnmtw n M m t s t c A i
nsfn A'sm nogâ wtf f t " w m wfmn nnflfnfesn mmen An/Vn 'a tXf ^ ( i ) wrftw, Atm'anin, i n . ,
8 on., o b - i - A ;
A<K2-, ( A )
on/s.n t w t ^ nsfnwm ^^fwrntn^ 'a nmwwtR^ cstf^ nte cnn^, rnnrn, on., ( O ) tffn-^mnft mwm.
O A S * ; Tab, I A
Scanernnr wnmn nifim f^tnte^ I 'a At., (tvb; ( 8 ) f n w m wm-fstsft, ntmn ^mtnt, i v v ; ( e )
sr^fff J (i) 'wt WtA'ntn -mm, wtnmn wtft fnm-'an ntntfft, wtnms, s n . , i e o ; (b) wtntft, m m . îstw, AAn.,
mmnm ^mmtem, ^mnem ioio/is.eo (wtem) w ^ ^ m A i i - b A ; ( 1 ) wtfnf, fwrRip, to8; ( V ) m m s ^ , fnmfsA, i ^ o ;
^gfmtfSw ^^fnwm lassf? nt^n-ian Bencheikh nswss ^jpmtnw (s.)fnwrf, Dtvi, 8n., As-H 1
f, Les voles dune creation ?1tn w t fsrfsm, the Ch. PeUat (E.l.^) / fATmn t m ^ ^
t n n t f fnitemn
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^8 Wtf ^ T W t
Wt^^'TtWT (11^1^ s (W), f T f ^ f r o ?t? few f r o f f w t w ? t t f ? w f ' w fc?fw? f f t t ?

ro ^rot ( w o t ^ fwfst w Rro) i wtf ^ t i w t f r o fWtfCt? ctw ffW5 ? ? I tWW?Cf ilftt tC^^^CfW ?? I
ttrot I i t ttwt t f f t f w ssfm ttcw 1 w t ? fTOf fwcfw ? i f f ? i i ? ( t ) wt?tw? iif iifwc?? w t tffw wftsw
t i t r o m wtfsfiw f f r o ? wtf. (tbo t. t f f iwist^t ?st?? I ?ftfCtlCtt, C? tW! t ? f ? ? t ! t?tw?iTft??'nwf! C ?
f r o t ^ t 5 ? t t f ? f t f f W t tlct? f?t?f?T? W ^ ^ l f ? ?TtlF WTf Wt?t! cwttw f f wffft?? WW f ^ f^ftw wtw??
it?;, t t t t w ? "5?t ffsf? tit I wt? t t w t tlct? tf^ ttf?t? wtttw?cf c? ^ttw f W "^tttflt tW cw wttw twj?Fet
tnfw'tt t f f w t t f c r o t f ? ttttrt t ? t f?T?t?? w i t - t f ? t f i Wt?tt| (Wit-ftff, Wft-tTtf?', ?t., % dbb) I i t t t ? W f
trtwtttt t t r f t t f r o ttttct? fiftt t t t ffwt? t f ? t t t ? ? ^tTWt (W)-il? C5WW t?t tftt? f i t I f?tCf f5t%W CttfW
(g) tlct? wtf ^ t U f f (?t)-i)? M^tciu? Wwf I f r o ti'tttwff WffW? (t) tftfctt, W f ^"titft! tc? ?? cwro ffw? W W
s wtf ^ t t t t t ^f?t t f ? twtf t f ? ?ffwf t f ? "wtft f t t WifCtIt ?tCC?! Wf^Wtff ( ? ) t ^ tfctt, WW?? f t t ! w.
t f ? 'wtft tttff t f ? ftlffr t f ? tfTO Wft-ft t f I 'Sf<f f t w t f f ff? ?^sro w r o cft? f S t w t I c? w r o rott f i t
'WTfet WWf-i| tfw ?fffllT (t)-iJ? tft f r o ??f ttw ttttw c?, t f f iifw? fftrro \a f ? t f ?Tf^ I f t w t f f i t c?, iif
Wf I t t ? f f f ^wt wt??? fftctt I t f f w t f t ?t? w r o f f f ?
t t w f w^wcw? ttt ffcft wfti ?tffW? (t) wtgfft t t ? f f t ^ t c t tfttw tffW rott tfct? wt? w r o c t t
w^ roro WW wfcfbw ? t t i c ? i wwst? w f ^ i w ^ ( t )
W f ^ T t f t (W) t W 3 ? WW f'w fftctt (ttfW-ttW, fft.,
)|f<2[?ll? (t)-il? tftwftct? t? W f W f ? (W)-il? ffWffW

Wtwt wttro ftf?wt f f f t f ? ?fQ?fw wft f c ? I w t ? t c f f c ? w
f f t r o WW ct wttf cfft ?? wtf ^ t i t f t (?)-t^ wftfc
f t t t f^R? I wwst? i ? ft. w w r o few f f f f r o w wttt
(w)-t?f?iw w fct? I wt? f r o t t ? ?ttitlt ffo w ff8
(ilfte db) f i t ? ( t f t W't, WtWf'tw, of., sj. bfff;
ft?flPt-tt?)W, ?/i t., % 8 8 i ) I
wtf ^ t t f t (?f) tlct? f f t f f t ? f t f ? ?rt^ I tttt^ c f R c f ?
wt? f r o w ^ ? f f i R ttwet? f t r o tt?few wt?? i f f f
(w?ft-Wffft <3 w w ) - m ffcf ffftw www wtwc?? cttwtr fliRt Wftt cftcai? wffftf, w t t f f ? ft wwrs t t ? I wtwf
t f f WW?SC?? I fief -a c f ^ ^ l f il ffttte? wtif?t f f f e t wtfwwtw
wtf^?twt (W) ?t?, t ^ t r o s w ? t f t fcwt ?!ff?iK cf1ttre?tt f?tef f f ftfc tie? Wt I ??? ttftt (w) tlct?
(t)-ro tcf wifst^t fct? m i f?cf? tft fw f c ? t 1 t t ? f r o f t ? i f t t t I t t w t f?ct? fftet f f f f?icf wtro fffw
fcw? fft "ft? f f w a f?l?*f ctw t w w t f t w f "W-Cf t f f cw 1 W W wtf ^ f t W t (W) fWCf f f t f fi2!?iet f ? t f C ? ? I
wsfcw wtwt? fc?t I ilt ft?ct f r o ft -a wtf f f W t t t t w t wtwtttet? ft?Jt f f f wttt t w ^'ftf ^ t i t f t (W) Wet
?T??-il? ft ftft ftfw tw?t f r c f W<t?t ?5f?W ftfwt ?5W f C ? ftttw w ?sew I wwst? f?wtt ttfet t w f W t wttw wftt
wrowiffcf^^ s ? ? c ? , f t t f f 3 i W W f c a i ? w t ? W ^ t e ? ( g , . Wtfwoo s 8 )
W W wTO t?ct wtro ttwttfw wff Tfft (W) W f W f ftfew
i^jwo LLi'ji-i + ^ d i j ; LI O j S w U l Wffew I f r o ft W?W fff f W ^ (^) ftfîW? (t)-ii?
"csw cm, wtf?^ fwftfift w r o f W f t wwfwwf, W t f w?ic? wfw? ^?t ?ftet?, t w WfWW?! Wttt wwet? fcai?
^ t t w t C t tcf? f t f ffw f?t f f f t I f f t ffs ctt ffw? ft trt? fe?wwr?nw fftw, t f f W f ^ t i t f t tw^ttRftfewe? i
f w s ??, c? cf&c?w ^tc ctwcf wt?-wt? fftttc?, WffWT (t) f t e t t , f w c f cwro ^sct? f t ro f?ftw w i
w?T?^ f f i F f ? cniw t w f t fftw^r" wiw ^^ct ct cwro t ? r o ^?t tftc? ( w t - f t t f , wtt-wf?,
?f., (tHo,. ftw tl iO) I
ttwf tffCftt
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Wlf ^StM (nf) W t f ^sBrat (st)
w t f A'*)'is*ci (ynym f t mtnt tsfw ^g^ran {^ym twsftw nnn fln fait ntncsn nw i w t n stew fwR ntf^ptA (n)-iis tfsat
WtAts % ntAts ntn % f A f n t n 11wR Atnttn wnptAt ntAsn w s n ^ sscsn ' s n t ' w t n ^ T f n ^ f w t s w a r ^ An i
w n I 'wtfn'n ntm wtAts w t s lass % ntAts ntwt % n n 2 f t n fnc^ fwfn '^f|ff%s wnr n t f stcntwn f w w | f
wtlnnt fnnw 'wtns t f n A i s n t f n Sntnit i wtAtn îit f a t w t f s n t t n^csn sstw ^fncn i n t t w^m ^ e w i^tntfn nt^tA,
fnsntn wn?in t n f w ^ w i w t w t f AStss*! (nt)->.'!n emn .nfncsn ScSn nf% ?tfnnt bnt twjtfn i fssf ten ntfîwiA (n)-'an
n t t s s nwsjtn ntt i ^stnwt f s f nfwtn wtnntfsnt ntm wtAtn w t n f^mncss stfwf? ^ t ajActs ntnen WtAts tfsat f t fng^ s t f
<a^ftns5ttwtnfntn I cttntn i^mR^ wtstcA w t f ^stnst (st) nsnt msts mtn wtAts
w t f Antnm (st) sifisiiA ( n ) ^tcw A f f A n'Rt ss%tcn i wfttf An, liinnR fwR mnt n m n f (n)->an S f ^ c%bs w m
WtAts nf^ A t f ^ fwsfnf), ntntt >s t f n ntwt-cw ^ ttRs ttat ntm wttitm niten (wtf mSn), A S ? VS fitmcn wtms
tttntcA (wtn-niAtf, Rints^ wfntfnn- fsmt', it., i-ws) i Wfttf stewF I
ti^t#t ? (i) w t n - f f s w t f n - ^ m f t n , s 8 ; ( A ) wtn-fttft, stfîatA (n) cn ttm Alfnm (Stms) tttewn, attn nnnt wtm
wtn-mftA, fFgnntnt stttfnmt, wt.fn., At., (t<\o; ( ) t f n n f n , wtn'ATfn-fi^wis n c m " n ^ ssfnm fncwn i wtf AStnm (^ym
wtw-wtnt^Tgn-fssnt, tssiw wt.fn., n . , v8-irtj-; ( 8 ) t f n A'IWIS wtct nw^ tfww, WW] wtsfo Aten wtm t i t s f t ffn fnn
wtn-'wtnssTntf, w H - t n i s t , f w iAv ft., sn., 8 A - 8 , nttJt S'ltJititi fnewn i n t m f t t wtme^ sstn ^mn ^mwn c n f ^
Ato8; (e) wtn-nTAift, wtwffn wrnnttn-niAist, tsntw wt.fs., At., fnweens ^CA mffm wtfmrt wtmn w i t c n i -awt w f s t n (m)
iffb-, nttjt i V 8 t o ; (to) >^ cnt^, fnnts5 wt'ntfn'n-fstnt,-8<nt, t f n wtf wtfnn wtme^ n c f ntm ntn, fssf nes fss^ m tt^ts
U s i w isoto/ifevto n n , it., ito8-itoi, n t t r t (i) fnesn ttajf? Atfsn ^^fnenn i w t f AÎSSI ( S ) wtmt mf?m
tsf*n-wtfs, Snf*n-tist, cwAstn i i i ft., <?n., iio-iii; I f ^ f ^ stntn tttenn I we^tss nnn f c t ^ wts ttfn tttm fwfn
( V ) ttA f t f " n - f n ntnf, Rmts^'n-niAtnt, tntst-t tnntfnmiw, fm?tn ts fnn s # i t m fncn i ^ mm^s etes mts stfsm tm
ntcAtn wt.R., A / i t . , 8VDS.88A; (s) t f n 'wtnfn'n-ntnn, ttfsscsn,fssf cmnfnn'mAtcmRss?ff|mftcnmi lates^fs
w t n - t n f f w t n , fnnn wt.fs.., 8 t . , ito-i-itoA, nttit ASi8; ntAtftctn n t c f A S A I wtmw Scat nftntcA i
(io) t f n ftttsr, wtn-#st^'n-ntntfn-nit, nt^Plr-ntnitn, i n n t , w t f -^mnm (m) nntfsss A i f A n * ^ ssfsntcAn i wtmn
<Mswt i8ov/i{b-i n n . At., A A ; (ii) t f n s t f n , wtn-fnntnt nf% Atf CAS cnt? nttit e i e (^ mwtn fwn t w t m ^ ) i
nt'n-fnArm, nts^'n-ffssn wtn-'wtntf, i n n t . , 'Sssiw wnicm n t f A f t t f <3 n t f A f n f n n Sws aje^ ^ titslcA cm?
i e i / i { A n n , t . , Aa-; ( i A ) <?ftss, wtn-'fnt^'n- A<?f? Atf^, -awmes f t t f c w nftstCA isf?, W H f n f n m
ntnifnnn, ntn t A ' s n f ^ - ^ n t ^ wtn-'wtntf, ^ssiw wt.fn.. A t . , if?AtfA ( t f n Alwts'wtn^Tntf, wt^'ffw-wtAs'^, mf^,
(tox ( i ) wtn-ntf%*f, f f w t f * n - n t f t f , 'wtnifn-'f^n, n 'J. 88i) I -
nt,'2SSiW i 8 o 8 / i S . V 8 , i t . , i e s I ntAtfens f c t t w t f ^msm (m) ^w^ w t s nsscns w c t n t
wswtn^wfn wfssswsAtfAS'Rtmtcssst^fS'ntfÂn i s ^ w t f ?stnm (m)
nenn, "wtnts n?ew wfwcmt, wtfn c^nn ^fsm m wfn^ nttjss
^srf^ ^?rr?Rn (ij^jji j-> l) s ( s t ) ntf^ftA (n)->is wnjw^
A t f ^ nînt ^ I tAtn w t , f m f w s t t ntn wtAtcns
nA6s ifistwtAtsstf w s S < s n t f 2 f m ^ I f^fnnf^t'wtscss
nmm-ntfetcwjs wtn w n m s ntn wtmcnn c ^ - t r m e s n ^mew
wtnn cttcign ^gntnsi t s n mtAt n t c t t ^ i 'wtf intnst' S t n t m ntftes ttRsc^n, w t n csssn WtAts twjtfnn nnn nten wtfn n m n f
fwR nnfs^ tfsfbw I WtAts atfw ntn n ^ t s t s f s c s t f n ^ ^ (n)-'iis niAbcs ttfsswm, wtmn mf^ fnwtn îint f t ^ ssfsm
AS I wfsssws f s ^ fssnt new wtAtn n r t 'wtn'jn-ntA'ntn t f n n t m n i "
n t t s (nt'sntff, Wustenfeld nt^fnw, Htoo <j.) wtnt 'Sntnn w t f Astsst (m)-'is wmstst ^f^tf* nte fnem^ mfif?
t f n 'wtfnn'(tfn fstnn, ffwtfn-ttfw^tss-, AS.<? i fnstcns sff^tsmcsttT I >awt w t f ^tnm (m) nt^ptA (n)-c^ nfncnn, wtfn
2tf^ cÂtfsesnn wnj fwfn w t f A?tnst (wsff^ CAt? fswtcns f ^ ) wttms f n f s S A A t f ^ fn fff # i m mt I nt^^^ptA (n) WtAtem
ntm wfwft An i -at S t n t m s wnfiinwt wfAtn wtnn ninf?m nfncnn, cwtmn ttenn mnn cnfnm sn i fwfn Sm cnfnm sfnenn,
wtwtn "^Rnt %5tn i wtn sif.'tatA ( n ) wtmn Atw fnm f f i (?\mt^ t f ^ ^Renn i
w t f ^stsnt (st) ^ntsfsnts nf% ttnnts ( I / I J A S . ) fcwn wwgtn iiAl-tf (n)-'iin Renct w t f AStnm (m) mnsf? 's?ftm
w#tf nncs n f n t n wttnn'^fs?Tt tnntn-tAt sscsn i w t n wtAts ntenn i w t f ^stnm (m) nenn, w w s t s wtR wtn cmnfnn cmn
tnntf fmscsstn
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wtf ^(tM (W) W t f ^sltUtt (ft)
Tff? f f t Wt, (fftf, ftiWft-tff) I Wftw wfttf w<Rm ft^ ^ ? f ? R w t ^ W t w wwte f f w fftw f T ? ft
ilt Wf?lt f f t f , f f f t f ,wwiw w f f f r t ftwft (Wf? Wtf? 3EtWtft ?t?llt?C1'f I
f f t i w f r w # ? f ft)-mffWftf(:Tt'^ wwfftwr?! cW? Tt? t w ? (W) ^te f"wftw (W) f f 3 fCJf t f w
W T f W f ^ftMf (W)-il? t f f t t ^ tftR atftxtlw WRf tit I ftft f r ? 1?fS T f ? Wftw? ft?e? iRs. W T f w t t t f t c? Cft?
tPic^sH, 'WtfW? t f t "Wt? (w) w f s wwt era wftf wf? fe?t? fWlW? WW f r ? ft?s6 wtc? I tTCftgtCRC?atwtf
wtf (TOt wet w (fftf) I ftsf tft'wtt? (W) tftttr?f, Tfe? ??, W f ??T?fW (W) f?Ctt ilfWt fff'Wftt, f W f f R
W f ^tftw (W) wtwt era wftf wett i wsi tw? (W) f?lt>'ff'f (fWtfW W f ^ ) Wf'l?; f T ? t?tW, tW
WW ftwe??, wtf ^?t?w Ttf? aftet? wftf? fcttf w tt'S^ f i t f?ftf I ftfSfwet c?s? Cf? f w e f 'tT?? Wflr'
fftwe?? ii?i f w ? wwtt?t '^fwffe ftt ( t f f Ttwt?, (wsîlft) w t n t f t ffttte?? iRiwswe? WTW Tfe?? f f
Wt-ttTW) I f t t ? f c t t w f w w wtf ^?t?fW (W) ?tf Ttfe??
wff ^l?w (W)-ii? iffft wwttfte*itwe?tesfettfr i t f ? tltltftefj? WW f T ? Tff? WtRt watW WR WR? I f f f
Tff? wfw? fe? tw?? ?iffW? (t)-ii? iit wstf w f t w ? t t r ? fWe Cft? f?tetttj f% Rlt i tf fiffW? (t)-iR ?^
ffte?, 'ct ?jR t^<jtf WW? Wet fttit Tff? wtw ft?c?, ct f ^ f f w f ? w ttwet? t^ w f t j ffw? fWe? f w ?
WT5[fet?wtse? WT??tttt??5?f?5f?e? i' W f t f ? f f t w f5sw? tf? tbt-^tf? -^tw fttfc? I f r ?
WffW? (t)-il? ftft -!^cs tWtft Tff? 2}?t WW'S W f tff ?tf?tf? www ft?et t t t t f f l f "wte ?f ilftt f?iw?
^w??f (W) fttft WTtftet? tetj ?t? W f Wft, tw?, w t t f i t ^ i
t f ? 'wft?rt, tttftj t t t W t , tww, w ? wt-wt?w?, 'wttw f r ? f f P R twets tet fttte? i f f t c V*W*fe ft.
t t f w f (w) f f t "^c ?tf?f?t fc?? ii??,tT ?"Rt ftwite?? I te? t R w t fc?? I ffjffet f r ? t t t ?ttlf|=i wtfse??
Wf? few f f t f ? ff-Hitc^ wf5 f ?i?1 f r ? ft?s6 ^ê wf? f1?IWft I ? t f R t f ? t f W t f ? w f f f t t t f w ? wttiw?
t?t ftftte?? I wwffe<t? tetj 'Wtffft? t f ? 'witît, t f ? ttftft ?5e?t I WTfet? teti t f ? t w ? 's W f w ^ w t - t t f
t t f ? , wt??, w w t , ^s?fft t f ? W t w (W) f f f f r ? ftfS (W) twe f f f T? I t f w ? WfC? f TRW w t f tfw ^
^c T f ? f?we?? I we?f t t ? ?t? ttt?, t ? t i t , 'wtf, tf%WR WRt I tt ^C f r ? Wf t f ? R wfttf Wf? f?t T? I
Tt?T ffff? (W) fCtTSfCt f w ? fte? Ttf?-i!? W f t w ? f t t # t ( i ) t f ? WR, ?t., iil-iiS), St., <??-'b8; (?)
fftc? I f r ? t?fS c t , t f t wft'^ (5.) Tff? t?we?f, t f ? tfft-Wtf?, t t f t - t T W , fff., iff; (o) Sprenger, Das
TTwt? 'witiiif 'Wt-ttTW-? f r e t ? tetJ t?Ptt tjtêt? Leben und die Lehre des Muhammad, 111, Lxxx
iffft f f t wttw ftt? ffttte?? I Hi; (8) Goldziher, Abh, Zur Arabphillogie, 1. 49:
W f ^?t?W (W)-il? etc?? ?l f?t cft?, Wf? iif ?fw? (ff) do in ZDMG. 1. 487; [b] D. S. Margoliouth,
tftts ttt?f, ^ f t f f s , ctww ft?a, tt ftew tft ftct? Mohammad, p. 352; ( l ) ftftt, Rff?; fff., ??; ( v ) W f ?
tewif, ct?wtwfe f?ct? w f f i ttffW? (t)-ii? tte? f f f f , W^-WfR?; (Si.) ftiT? ttw-? WWIW ? T f ? f t ; (io)
t?w?-t?wf?ief -ERt wttegj ft? tfBitct-a f ? t f f t e ? tft t f ? ?TWR 'ÎtfTllf, Wfff-W??'1? WR-tRTW f
ttw?f1?w t i w f T?, t ^ - t f ? tfw tt-wfet? wftfif Wtft?R-RlTRt; ( i i ) W t ? ^ RlWt Wtf, tRStt-t tT?"Rt I
T? I ftgc?? t t ? wwet? f w Rtt ft?w t f t WW?? ft Rsfw^ t t w f f ? f f R
f S i ^ f f t f ?st?C? I Wff ^t??t (W) wt fSf?* iRl flf^pf? RiettWR
(t)-iR f::jHt ilfttt Wfttf fICtt I ; (W) ftct? W t R - i R W f t CttCg? fttt WR
t t w f ftf'We f r ? f f i f R ftwtfft; f ^ tw? ctteaR R t W 1 1 ^ W8R-ii?t w t ^ f ^ f W t t t f ? W?t I
(W)-iR f f ? Wtt 1 1 ^ ^^tTCf W??tTR fctef? f t t t f f f r ? ??f fw s 'Sw?? t f ? "Wft? t t ? ' W t t ftf-ftw t t ?
ttfi? ft??lt?ct? I w f tt3c?? w f t i e t t f t f r c f ttti^fc?? 1 w f f t f ? ffw? t f ? f?f?W t f ? W R t f ? www t f ? f W ? t
?ftt?tt wftwet? wtret te=f? f? ^tct fc? f w c f f??R t f ? W ? t t f ? f t t t t f ? W R ( t f ? W R , w t t f f , 8 f . , ff?) 1
tl? f t f?Ct? WfC?tt wtw? I ftsf W f ^WtW (W)-iR WT W f ^tfttt f r ? tfwt I ilt Rtet ff? ii f f t f t i w fic??
Wsitstettt t ^ f t fts f?ct f r e f ttfwft ff?w ctet i c?, f r ? ff wt W f t f R ft^t ^tw w t l tt ctw ct?
f C t tft fW fTttTf? WR? I f"WtftRR tfWW fef t f f R fw? f f w t t t RWets f i p tet I if tet w w ?t?R'8
f t t t f f W??R wtf ^t?W (W)-iR w f ? f ^ ?tff?R W w e t ? ctw? ff?ttw ?? w I WW? W t t w e f ôft iRi fw?
t t w f ft'^CfR
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Contents
Wlf ^firaf (nt) wtf AsrtM (nt)
Rrtn m m^tm ief? -sj^ vi]m\ ntn i wniT:)j nw nnf^ (wtn-tmm, st, A O ^ ) 1
fitfnw s ( i ) wtn-Atnmn t f n "wrfn n^ntncw tnmn-f^ fcn niAtfenn nem fwf^ nntfsns ^tf^ n'*fHt<wf 1 nmi mmf tm
WtAtn nm tin 'wtnn tmn mi tnnm atAC'm i n nt^âtA (n) R t m ^^fnewft cn, ntfâlA (n)-'iin nRs nnm mnm nw ntf^rst
wTAtn mn nfnnwn nslnm ntenn 'wtmiatA i (A) wtn t f n tmtn nsmett f ^ enf mf^ ?metn femt tttntcAn mi
tn^l<p->an n<Rt wtntn cmn cmn nft wtf ^tnm "s^c mRt ntf^piA (n)->iin Retn ^'wm <>c^ (ntmn f n n n t ^ Sftf^
nscnn cn, R R nenn, wtMt fcn wtntn rnn Rn 'wtnn tmn i AtntcA) fR ntm fnntcm ôtAtt ''int mf%w n w AtstcAH 1
wwgtn nr^pA (n) wtntnrnnntctn 'wtsfn nAmn ( S n ^ mm, wit ntAmten fwm wtmn fnfs iê mf^ n^^tt ^fnew m ^
a-n, i t o ) I cmn nsRcn, (mm wH'wia t f n fntnn wtmn f ^ (n)
WtAtn Snmenn S,nR ntc R R nenn, wtR m^ R\^ stew n<Rt w n cn, fwR nenn, wiR mm nfrnn wtfnm
mtm wtm cmen n^Rm ntm cnmn âtwrn enters wtmcss wtf cnf'inm, wtf wtfjn (m) wtf ^mnm (m) fcst n f ^tfn (n) stew
^ntnm (Rwtenn ttwf) nftn i wm n-Rrstew ntf^wtA (n) wimn Atfw n'Rt ^fnemnn 1 wtR nRmm, wttR nifî^ (^)-m ntmf
cmcn lass!? RsTn ci#m nRfcnn, CA wtf AStsmi stm wtf ftnm (m)-'iin mmen Atf^ n<=fnt ^fnewemt R R
tmn RnRft (n) n<Rt w n , wtf ^ntnm (m) nenn, wtR nfncnn, fwf^ tm sfst ^Rsicah 1 wm wtR n p ^ ^ (n) ^te
wtntn nRmean nssf) mttmn i wrmn m^ cm^ R$tn fln i (nstnR) AtfA n"^ nmm mtcw wtmn nja ntfâtA (n) ^te
niiicsnt WtR Smess m^ ntc^n Stn mftm fnmn i wtn fncnn Atf^ n*Rt ^Rc5 wtnntR (fnnt^ wfrnlnn fntnt, A t , bob) 1 I
cnm WtR Saic<> nesf ntm cnwftwm, Smn nR ctm ^Rwm i AffcAs c w ! WtAm ^ n^swm ^ n ^ sftsm nsfnmcAn
wit cmwR wtntcm wtf Asmm men wt%ttw n^cn (2ji>a^) i niAtmc?! Rnm 1 wmm t f n SnmfnatA (m) nenn, wiR cmn3
-fmm t f n 'wtnn wtn-mf (g.) men wtmnt cttcam m ne=tA ctmt m cn, wtf mnm (m) mn^prtA (n) mm
cnt^ nfntn ftwn nsnf?w -stmn fcf n ^ wtcnn i amen cRntcAn wtnm wtm R mt (tmm, st., A o b ) 1 t f n Smn
R R fnwtn Rm>amw Rm f^ An mt tnnrn tAt w w (m) nenn, wtf ^mnm wtm'^cwS^ 1 fwR ?,if ^ *iHcf enf
tnntn atmcsn wm ?cfftmmen ffRm wtcnni wimnt wfws (sirs^) I
sfeetrs mn ctteas tnntenn atmn nc& i wwstn ntnmn (5.) tnm mmt (n) S ^ nncn n'Rt <pI5?iIcî cn, m cm^ ass^
fcwnnnn (i/ÂJntn)1wRnmin-'iin irown(?iTss ntm nfntn mnn t f n mfnw (m)-'iin fnfs ff^ fwwtm Rct nmn (m)
wttnn nsenn 1S^ ncn wtf ^mnm (m)- flenn 1 f f ? ntfîatA nfncnn, ^ wtf ^nmm (m)-<fin fnss? m 1 ntnt mm wtf
(n) wtn fcwn wm tinntn tnn 4RsiI|cn-f, wit tAtm.>s n f m ^nrnm, wfS! nrR ^ wtR nnfwen nfnm f'wt ^mnewflnm 1
Atew tmmn c^fflcnn mi (^)-m nRs ^ few tf^nem sif=iaiA (n) wrmefm fnns? wtfnm nfncnn, wwitn
wstslAt nscsn 1 nRenn, cwmm mm <t>Revof|cff tnmn wtm m nm 1 ntnn (m)
wiAm ntm Rcnn fttnns 1 limsfnn fwR wtf ^nmm (m)-iiin nenn, wtn wtR wmm nft cnm>f? f'wt <t>Rtiii iwmntf^piA
ni[ct ntfîalA (n)-iiin nntentbrn s>RctH mi wtmn fnmntn (n) wmtenn f'wm wiffn nRenn 1 wtf ^ntnm (m) ^'wt nsnw
^^fnenn 1 tmew wtf ^mnm (m) ftfnew ftfncw sifîaiA (^)-m nif^tatA (n)-css nfncnn, wttrnn nftw mm mftntcAwiR wtm
fnf5 ctenn mi nsm tRm nfncnn 1 nif^[^ (n) wRm mwm bifte^fl mi ncf ne^ m^ t n n mfteR ntm wiR nstn
wm ^"wt nsRenn, "wtai^mAen Sm wtf ^mnm" (ca wtaiAt wtf ^Rinm I m f ^ ^ ( n ) nfncnn, wtfn (CA WtatA! nsfî nsn) itAt
Asissis ntwtc^ ^ ftmstw m) I Rm wmm nRtnrn, tm ntfntatA! wtnm lann t n n mfte^R
wtn wtf ^rnnrn (m) ntffsi fncss^Sm bftcn-i 1 nt|te cRflm ntm # i n m 1 sif^taiA (n) nRenn, fnns cmmenn fent
cnfênn Rwn ^tcw nnwt n^ I ttfnn t ^ cttm mtewcA 1 tAm ^ t ntm f^mtcA (nmtt, tfwtfn-fntn, t n n wmm, tmnrn
tn nnwt tRmtt ^^tAtn ntwt nfnm ^fknn, "wttmf wtn-m tntm nntew, st, A o b ) 1
tatwiA m wi^ fAimmn n t f ^ i ^ (n)" wiR n t ^ fnemi cn, ntff ttw ASSW ssfn wm-wtAsm (m) nenn, mmm wt^sntw
WtatA n r ^ cstn tntA ntt mi -fi^r^mm^ ntfn) 1 wtf wrnnn w mt wtmcnn nem mântw nîess wfws wtf A^tsnt
imnm (m) âtmn wtîe^ wtfwtem #tfnew Wics w^n^ (m)êwwmn5tAte^wtRct#tmt(sfrs^) 1
(n)-'iin fnfs f ^ nRcnn, tm m^ntartAt wtaiAn fnfs f"wt SeatemtT nttms mmf n^ nttj^ ^tft wtRt wtms
cnn R R wrme^ wmm mwte?p f fnnenn fnf& fsmttai' fnf& stew mf^ n^^tt ^Rntem 1 nicm Smtemtr stenn s
nsfnm cnn r ntf^tftA (n) wrmn wm S^ ^'wt ^^fnenn mn'smn tnfn At'^m, nstfm t f n fwtnn, 'wtnfatA t f n m'nmt.
tnnif f n t e ^
t.R.^8b
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Contents
wif ^?n?raT (w)
tttT t t f t ftmnt, '^m ttft-fttt?, ftttttt wtt-wttTft, Wf ^wgro sftt! i l t t iif t t ? w f t c ? t t t c f ? wi?t? wtc??
wit-wtfift, wif f t i t t , tni? t f t Tif, wif t t t t wtt-tTffft, f?C?? f t f t ftw t t t ? 5 t ? C ? i l ? ? . f t t w ft?c?c?, c t t t c w t t f t
fTTttIt t f t tttt?, 1ttlt t f t wtf tttlt, 'WltfSt? t f t fftf, i t f ? ? ? t f ^ t (tww, S t . , ? i o ; WT?TWw, S t . , ^ . i ' t s ? ) !
WT?ff TOtR t f t wtf t t w , t r o t f t tittf, wtf ?tflt t t f t f f ? <3tR?iw ?sftw ro, cwt?i W t j ? f t e ? ? t t ? f f f w t w,
wtttf, 'witpri? t t t ftftw, ft? t f f t t t t , w % t f t t t l f , w r o w t t r o tt?c? tt?c? wt| ??? f f t w i w r o wttiw t t t t
tt'w-wtt-^[5tf, rowitt wtt-wtttrf, wftw t t t "tro, W f t ^ t t t fft-a I (wt?fftw, S t . , % b\-b'Q) I
t f t wtttt t f t WTt?; ttttt t f ? 'WTttwWT t f ? ttt?, WTf ffT fttfStf ttet fwft 3ptt? ft?cf?Ct? 1 fT?t twwtW
WWW -a t f ? 'wt?ft? W^W? t f ? W t - G f , ^tltt t f ? f W t t e t f f ? fftctt, ?^ fC?? t f ? , t f f tlct? ?l1fft31 1
WlWt? WTTO Wtt-fttWf, l[Wt t f ? 'Wt?, fTOt t f ? w f row? t ? f t - W f i t wiwcf cttfew w t f t w tftctt, ww?
W f t , ttttt Wft-W??, ttttt W W W W t , "wtft? t t ? w't w t t i c f w c t t t r r o f f R i W f ^ ? i ? ? t ( W ) tftctt, c?ww?!
t f ? w t f ?TffIt, t f ? 'wt? t f ? tfftt-'wit, wtft w t r o t f t Wttw ff?ew wiR w f t I w t w f f t w r o
Wft ^ w t t tt? wro, 'wttfw^ t ? f t wft? W t - W t f , wwtw f?R f ? ^ I wwst? t r a - a r o ftwt? f f s cff?cw w
f T w t tf? f f ? , w t l tf? ti?wt?t, w t - W f t w ' w ? f ? ? t ? r o cff?ct W f ^?t?w (w) tftwftt fc?? I t f r o WfC? wTf^
t f ? ??ft, wtt-Wf'wtt Wf?f? W W t f ? W ^ , WtWtfQ wtf ttw f t Wfjc? f f ? tttfwt fc?? I t?tftct? f ?
Wtt-'WWW ?W WI, 'wT?ft ?t5W? t f ? w f f'Wt??, ' W t f ? f r o Wf t f r o w t w ?? I ffTftct f r o t ? t ? t ? i t ? t H\r
?tTro tf? W f f , WTf wtt? wtt-tw?,ttT?iw tf? ffro, ?!8f?t I ftw W f t t f t f r o tW#Wtt-^3?lftt??tf?ttf?Wlf
t ? T ? f W ? t f ? 'WI?ftW? tf?'"^^tt t f ? W t * ^ , 'WW tf? ffro f r o w t t r r o ttttfw fc?? i wnttictw t ? t R (w)-ii?

ftt, WW tf? wtf ?ttt?, 'WW tf? w f t W t - W ? f , ' W W t f ? fgtt f r o W f ??? f f ? W WtwtfR w f ' c w t t t t w t iiti
w r o , t t t t t t f ? ?w??, 'www?, t?T?i^fi? t f ? wtf wff', f?jtW?Ct? fte?? ftf5 W|?tCf W f ? fC?? 1
'W??IW tf? t t t t t 'wit, 'Wt? t ? f t Wftt, W f t - W t t ftt #?c?t f f w f ? ??T?i fwft t f t tffgwf? t e w
w w t f ? w??t, f w t f ? t t r o , tiff' tt? ^^?t?? t f ? f s t t , Wftiw-flftw Tt I www f f t WfCf? fttttw f f ? w??t t t t w
'wt?fW? t f ? ?t?t?, wttf? ?t?ro t f ? tt?ro, 'Wt? tf? wtf ro-aro t t f t t t r o tifct? ww fttew? i f r o ftcft w t t f
f f T O , fwwt tt? t t r o wt-^ftttt, t m t f ? w t w , f T w t fit, wi?t? cww-a wro tt? t^wf? ?tf tffw ttftw t t w
tt? f t t t tt? Wt?tW, f T W t tt? 'WifTit tf? Wfft?, f T W t ww I f t f t i w f f f t^stif? ?tf ttfw w c f wtet cffitcwt i
t f ? w t f 'Wtw, wt-?i??it t f ? w t f f t r o , wtf wfft f ? ? f wet ttttapw t s s t t t r o tttt w r o ff?i? ?5ii
Wtt-WtWWt, wtf ? t f ? t f ? 'wtttt? W^TR t f f t t wft? t f ? sttf# 8 ft,ff?cw f f f f ??IWRf? Wftâ a. ( i )
ftwt, W f R W'W WR-f?tf?f, t t f t t t f t WtWR, f'Wtt Wit-ttWf, f t t t ^ WWftt-fttW, fWt-Rtttf?-tfWt"t, ttsw
t f f t - f w r o , f T w t t t f t ftfift?, w w t t f t fwf?^, W f ctttt? i S b o ft./bS>Jo t-, "^f Rl, ?'^, ffHb-'b-o?, RltTt i?'Jj;
( ? ) ?tffW WtWff? wtft ?t<SttW f f f W t - f t t f , ttttt

t ? t i ? wt-wt?iff W f ^?t?w (w)-ii? f^wt.wtf f t t t 2 1 f t
Wt?fft
f t WlRsnt?-ffwlt, W f ^ f f f ? , ?t?iW i S i S ft./iii.S.8 % ? ? t . ,

(Wt-tWtt, S t . , ? o C ) I ,
'J. ii>o-5S>, tltTl \r^H(t; (O) Wit-WWf, Wtffsttft-ffflW,
wtf ^wtw (w) ttiwic\s f?ctt-. ftwft\swt I wtf t ? r o
wt?tft-w'wtftf wtR-t?titf?Tt, w?t?tro (wfwfiw), wttw
vsnt-tt^ (?) ?tt?, mtt? wft W f ^?i??t (w)-ii? ct?ro^^?i,
ft./ifeff'jj t-' i ' ^ - ' 1- R'^ i<s; ( 8 ) ^
(Rffwt, fft, w t r o f t w r o Wt f?w?ftiftiwf < wWt
cttf, WTwft Wttttt-RtttW, t t ? i w.ft., ?t.; {(t) t t ? wwtt
fwtwttt w t ffttt tt?ir?? I iifw? www w r o ff?iR, wwst?
Wtt-'WitWWf, W t - t w w , f t t ? , i O ? b - ft., S t . , ? o ? - ? i i ,
wmR?rf wtatw ft?r? (tww, 8 t . , , ? o s . ) i t f ? WR w f ?
tltlt i5S>o; (b) ^ Cttf, WfftfW W f ? f t , '2t?iW iofeff
t t w t f t t t i fiss wttt fftwr??, WTf ^row (W) f f t ft? ttwt ft.Afe'Tff % ?? Rl, ?f.; (t) ttft-wtt?, t t f t ttw, c?ro
?tw? ro wttf? tt^ ft?c? (sfi^^) I
i O H H ft., fff., ^. i>ff-iH; (Ir) tft 'WtftR ro?,
(tHft.f f ? (WtfiiFi^?? I i t t t ? trrfwsrR CWf t f t f r o
^ ? [ . t t f wt?,- ttt? w.ft., S t . ; (fe) t f R Wt,
tftw ttwtw ?stio5 w t t ? fc?? 1 W f WWW t f ? "Wtft? ?i?ro
WlW-WWWft-ftW, tt?i w.ft., S t . , 'J. o ? f f - o S i . ; ( i o )
(W)-'a W t t t f W ? I f f ? f ' w f W ? , C? WW?! W f ^WtWtf f'^ff? Wttf, f t r o w - t m , troiw ttwfttr, w c r o w.ft.,
ft ^ I wtf ?W?W (W) ?ffR?, C? WW?! f f t WWCf ? t . , Sfe-'ii'Jj 1
f f t r o tf?ittt ft w i wtat? tfti?!?, (?t tw? f t t tiT? wcw .wtfcpiwft
t t w f fffcftt
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'WtSSfn Rt? <3Tft^ "It
S ^ >swnjtm few t f ^ A n ( S n f n - n i m ,'on., cwAstn i'OHH
R.,%ioo)|
^'s t f n wTtst^ m n ^ t n r ^ f Asnw f A ' t m n ( n )
(k<(*t? (j.'iij ii) s f s f s c s m R o wiRfrs ww'R t t n fnnntnenn S n n nims<iii wwrtms wtns ssfsen m% ^^fnrnn
stcsosstwstf, i 8 S ^ w m ? t <3 f s gtfnnttrt fstwn .
msTcn t n n t n -a fA'tmn (n)-^n fn=mmn stmn ^^fnew mfssen
s t w s t f ntsts n R t f n m m n f ^ i ib-eo s t R f l w tm W 3
'wtnsw t s n fntn, A"ifsA t s n wt>an, f A t s n rnnnmt, wtf
>anis>infitstnt s s ânt i.A^.ooo, w f s m f s cwm ( i i c j wn
'wtfn t s n wtss, w t f mtm ntnsstn t s n mntm sifn n t m f fsrfnw
tSmtfn) i f m n -a t t r a nem ntmntes m^f^f c^gmnfsmn ^tm lilt t s l ^ f e4 ATt sscsn i tnntenn m nw t ^ *Rtn
wt^tw S A ns,tj^ w t n m n-amns ât tACS snfw ^nn
nssts njtmes wmstst nspnm ntw w t s wtm?i fwfn ssen^ m t n
^fsme^ I tAsI? nmfn n^, cmt 1tm1mss>st mzm nfsss^m
^mmm sbm ^risntflenn i ^^fnwtn nen fsft ntn, ^ ' n t n n
mtcA mt cmns (ntm aiRcnf mtfsmn mstsinc. mRs wttntcpn Aiis nSntf? littsins 'wtsstn ssf'sess wtss f ^ sfnenn,
st^") mnm c ^ r i j j e i men latmen m^ smtf-'wtsf
Rfn WtAtn f n f s fssf nw^ ntf'fc wtlnntcm i SSI's wtwtmR ns
mnsim cmm A S , mtts atstn f^^t^ flenn w i n n ^ -antmtenn "ste ntftn s t m wtfnn i wnn f A "tmn t s n mwm mmn ntc^
njTs t w t f * f f <t>is vit^ntf I tAsfS f n f ^ A t s i f i n f n f ^
wnmfsn wtmw ^^fnenn âns, w t f 'wtsn wtme^ Awit ^msm mss
nfsmntn nem wsf| m att n n w n fne i ntbf? nvsmn.
csstet fnc^n j>tscnH i . '
<3 iii^tSestf^w*p1nwwt3ntAlsw3^ i
n^ ftwfe w f f ^ ^mnfnntn nf%s att^ten n ^ ssifwm
sr^tft s ( i ) Lt. J . Fen-andi, Abeche, Capitale
ASSW fAimn (n)-'ijs wtnnn mwt ^gRn fnftnnncss mnt cffsms
des Ouadai (Publ. Comite de I'Afr, franc), 1913;
w m mfnn t f n ^sm%te^ f t *tw ^nnptA w s t m f m f t f ttmen
(AjWtS'sg. Wada'i. cstsn <t>tssi(|cn't i 'wtsstn t f n f s t n wnn m Rtwn fnfnn cnm
J . Dresch {E.I.2) f A t ^ n t A Sifn
n t m tttncws stftfs n^fn Atstflcn-^ i
wrnm^ t?^ ^--m ( , ^ ji_u.) s (m) t s n ' w t s m b^sf ftwnew tfsnts fwssten 'wtsstn t s n fntn sscnwfn
t s n 5nisjt wi^T-wtnnif, n f n t s ntnntw c m s j ^ lii^wn ntAtf i wtnntne^ ne^ n t m ntm ntfts n m n f (n)-'an wtfcw mmm
R f n flenn wnp-mnmn mst i fwfn nnn few wtt^tAn S5fsni%nn fnewn 1 nsn f t w f e w wtfss fwnien fwfn s f s f n t f s f n wfsmnns
igns. f r n n few ttAtmw nnn nenn I ftmcs ntm mR ffnm fs#st nn ?nmmtAfs cnmsm ^mnewn i
ar^tiif s ( i ) tnn A'Twtn, w t n - t n t m , fstns i^^b- R , ^n,, wftns fcws t n nnn f t w f fs'tsnm men Asn fA'tmn ( n )
Atoto, nt 88 Ito; (A) t s ^ - m t t t s , Sn^-n-Tst, CÂSH iAb R,' WtAtem fntnn fstnm ctteat mm wtmess wssvot fnfas
n., i o ; () n-iAtf, w T s f f n w m m t n - n-tA'tm,'Cssi wt.fn., tlilte^H I lat nnnt tfn ât ^mew n t f fnwtfn^ ctteat^s cstfnw
in., As>A I Atstflen*t 1 cnttcn wn^tnsncn fwfn n t m ^ wtmn w t mwt>s
cntwincAtenn f nwtn nt#n t t ^ fnewn ânt wR nwtn nft ttf'wtews
^ - w t A m n t t ^ tnen I
*^m^ fm^ ênTf * -"T ( ^ ^
t s n m'enn n<Rmc n m n f (n)-ias fnentnfA ttnen 'wtnsm
o_i) s (m) m w t n ( w t ) w t f f n t n (m w r f ^ - n t f ) ,
(nt) m gn tfsmt>a cAsew ssesn m t âst ntArs wfnsstes
'wtnfn-WftAtn cmesin cntss fi^gjir i <stt mm wtms mens nesf
*wrtAt^' t ^ cmn ^ R i t "wRstn t s n f s t s wtn-wttAt# m w t f 5e^t<3 w n ntt 1
f n t s w t n - w t t A t f s m A S I n t t m f n ^ - latsin s 'wtnsm t f n t s f ^ few w t t t A t wtnw w w . t s w t 'wtsstn (m)-'an t m f

f n t s t s n ni^-tt t f n mn-m t f n mSm t s n 'wtnfnn-wttAtn wtesctn m ^ ens i fnewn 'ftsn fntg ^Rit n m n f ( n ) ^ wtAts
t s n w t t n t s f n n - A i R A tsfnn-msntw t s n 'wms t s n n t f w t f n w f n t f c n n ftstwewn w m ntm stfat ttAtst fnm âst fncn few
snR^ tsRt-wt-an w t n - w t n n i f wtn-wt>sf w t n - w t t m ^ i f1n wttsfAt ^Înm fwfn f n e ^ 's ntAfn^wts- tfnra fnnte^ i
flenn stnn sstmesn ntAtf ens w m w n i t s n f'wm* -a ASSW fAT^ (n) 'wittt(m)-'as ^JCA w t A t ^ wirnn ^(scô
Smnn t s n ^ntsn-ign fen R f n fm'wtn t s n 'Smnn-^s mew S f ^ "winstn (m)-i^s wtntw stnt ^mncnn lant nfncnn, "wimA
n f m e w t n n r n afAt sscsn ânt w t f ^nisnst t f n 'Swsts net WtAtem nAt ss^ i" law^pfw twR ntfats SeatemtT w t t w t a t p
m w c p n m n wtnw An i fwfn ASSW fA'tntn (n)-'as ncsf stfs. tstnronntnn'
t n n i f fntcsstn
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'Wl-MN t w 1f*t?I t w f 1?^^ 'wi<wh t w *II?WH
tR?iw wif w^m fwiOT "witfi (ft) t<Rt

t r o ftifk Stftft 8 (i) t w ?1W?, W t t - t t t W , ft?e?t iO(?lr/ifefe
<p%n;w, ww*ti?w w:*)i ^-^m (Rtf tKiw? tttmwtii ? t . , - ?>bo; ( ? ) t ? ? ' w t t f f t - w w , W t t - t t f ' W i t , ftww
f i r o W Wrot%f ft I vflt RfSftt t W T 'WRfR-WPtTR iO(?br/ifefe, % 8<?o; ( o ) t ? f R - W t f ? , t t f t - f 1W,ff?e?1
cnttai? w s ^ g ( i ) Rtt t t t f"wif, (?) tRtw tro ^ R i w i ? l r j j ft, o t . , ioo I
(vs) '^l<Nln t t t 1tft (W) 1 W8 f?iTiw ftftw? W t f tgtff

tffw wir?, tRtw t w ^R"itt "wmtt t w f t w m ^BTlf^ ^ I^TrtW (^LiJC^ j L ^ ) S t w wft ffWt,
wwtt ttfew ?tro f?1Wt (R)-m RW flctt 1 wwsw wi?tt1
twwt c t w t f w flctt I fwtft-w (W) f w e f
WTf ? T w m w ?
ijtsftt f r oftt5t^ttw tift? ^ttt wtftcw I WW WTttw?
ftfwwt-m w t t f f f f f ^ fftwflct? m i i l t t w f f f W W
iirofw? trl^ t ^ wTTRT fsttcw tifft m?. wtrot ctt wiwnT:w
?R? ??tR.flct? I ftfwwt-m ftffcf wfwtt? tffrotw fffw
's^fus Rtffctt I wwst? wirot t w t t f ? <Jtts 3|tCt? WW
ftft f t w r o wfffi? row I b'i/ ' j j b r o - i wet w % T t w f'Wft Rt
Wt?tCt?filCWCroRtf^ WTCtT ?fitc ttfft I
'wttrocf t g i w ^tew w t w f f w . f c w m i f r o Cwttmt?)
m w f ftsfttcw titftw tttttro few fftcf? tftw fw f w t W W R t t t c f ftlwai't fttwe?? w t t t ^ f ftfs^ row i w/btrs
"wttro (?i) Rtrote? ctfwttj ttw ?5wt 1 WW wtro ??R wet w?w ?tf?-m few fw?t cweaR cWfct? rot t f ^
^tttf^ 8(? ?et? I ftft (W? t w t ?tlf?t ro t i t I m f t ctWWR? f f f w f f w w flet? i wwst? f f f t t t r f f w f
5ttt#t S ( i ) t w ?-lWl? Wtt-'WTWTtTf, wTts-fffW- ?tew w t w 5f?t fftw f W f t wttttt-m f f e f f w j t f o ? ffte
wT??"^, tntisrt iovo ftVife-bo t-, i"^-, wftttflct?, f f f w i t - f t w R t w w f 'ttttw ( 5 . ) - m m
(^)
W t ? ? ^ - W t ? ? % , ronfTOTt io^'bft.,et.,feo;(o) WtR-tt-1?1, ct?t?tftf? tT?f fW fftew ftft wtj ^fillet? I f r o tRfiet?
ftwtW fTOTt ctt, f t w ioffb-ft./ifeofe{., ?f., ?ff-8-?ff(?; tttwtttrowi

(8) t?t '*i||?ft=1-?lW, wtt-ttf "wt?, ftw i O f f b r ft./ifeOfe t-, a r t t i ^ s ( i ) ? t W f f , f f ? , % , o^ff, ofe'i, 808; (?)
J. 888; ((?) t?fR-WTf?, ttft-f-ttT, WtCtT i ? V b ft., ot., Ctw, w t t r o , e t . , io-b, ?>b1-br; ( o ) W R t f , ?t., i f e i t . ;
(8) t w f W t W , W t t - W W t f t f , iH% (d) W t t - W t f if, i ' T t . ,
ioo; (<b) Rttt WT?Rlft, fttlrot-WttRI?, WtWsttW i^bb
(hst. I
ft./ife'b'l t-, VO-1'-'?; (H) WTt-tTW% ^3?1fttlpf? f?-1Wt,
K.B. Zettersteen{E.I.2) / f ? t ^ Wft? ^ t l t ?
ftRTOat-tTftft?', rof io^bbr ft., "sj. bod I
WS fîft ftroro wtf ^tfft ^5(tfm ^ - f t i R t ^ ( j t ^ :H J L ^ ) ( ^ )
msw? t t ? t f I f f f f?t?eR f t 3 t fict? I t w W e t ? tew f f f
* W t t ^ ^ f f ^ ^ t F * m # t (j^j.. fict? Wf'wttftt-'^s iftew ffat I
^ U . - S ) 8 ^-vsnttlft Wtt-W^3f (?l) m S R Wttlft Rl?tft, ttf
'wttro t w W t r o t e t t , "wift m t w t t t w (w t t i ? w )
wffw j:WC3i wtro wfi I t w t t ? l f ' wi?ic4 tf? few f f f w wf'wtcf ffw? f f t r o WW Wfîw? ( t ) - m ftft a t ^
wiRst?wtft tt?t%R? W 3 f i ? fifttew 11?? Wtw t??tfR t w ffwt I f f f w t r o f W ? f w t f f f f ? t e f w t r o tesf ffw?tww
wttw t w W?-fR t w f?'1Wt t w ftP|i|-il? ttw ?fw w t t w f f f e t t i
ffttew, f r o ffw f r o t f w t f w ff?w wttwt t w tw??t îftw tw rootlet? msft ft?t?tw ^tew wtw ro, 'WRTO
?te ft^wttw fffwcw, f f f tftttew, wttw Wf Ttft?!? m w m ? t t w ? i f 3 W ? ( t ) - m ftfS t t f | w -^tttflet? ?w

tffe ^'T? w 'wtR-rw RtRtew ?Tt(^ f t w t i wrtw f w i t f f ? t i W 9 t - f l w ? - m w t r o f l w t f l c t t I ?iff?)l? (t) W W
?iwsR-tif ffet? ffef f t f f w f t fRWW wtw? fftttfl, îw f ? t e f R t t f e w R f f ^tc W R C W T i 'wttTO R i ^ e t ? t*^ stftR
R t ? iiroR cttf wfftiw t w ffew, ffs-?wwtt-wtfwft- ft?T?T W f f W ? ( R ) ?ftiet?8 wtttet? f w t t t f f f w ? i t r o f w t
wiwew ffef tff?fww ^ttte? m s . ?lff?il? ( R ) wtt- f w e w w r r o tfw c f t t t t e w i wtft^s t i ' s e t ? t i r o t f f t t t f t i

wtfwfR-?t?tet? ffcf f t ffwtttew i w t f w tet?, wttw ^t w t T ? ' $ 3 ? i ? R t f r o t f f ^ ' ^ c w ? ' t f ? t f s ? i t t w f f t ? t e w I
wa ffw Rtwew? tetit w t f t - W f fftw
'ffet? f w ^stos f^t^ (i) t w TTWR, Wtt-tttw, f f t ? iO?lr ft., ? t . ,
wit-titfit^-?-l?iet? ffef ffffWR I w tjf^ wtitw frow ?ê-, RltJt 88-b\r; (?) tW'^-'^ftfl?, t t ^ - f TW, C?ro
t f f t f R ? t w ffttflcw ffft flew 'wttro t w i f r o t w t?., o f . , i o ? ; ( o ) W R - t 1?lf, w i w f t WPitltR-RT?TW, '2??f
fitw"^ wit-wttttft I wtf w?s? ( w ) - m ffWftwftet wwro W . ft., i t . , ?fe?, RltJt oob-e 1
few fwft W T W s row i ws i^îiiw ftroro w i f t t ? t f f
ttwf ffSCfR
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t) g -^mTft^ ^ ^sTtmrm (QIJI , r <O'J|-O '

wm-nmtft (wnnt w m - f m i f t ) , mm amm \mM(, t^m-'wtntesn ntn fness ^st mens -assl? fte*m nRf-nf%cn
A*o/v<b8 men t f ^ W R 1 % R R t m tnn 'wm wnf^ l i j ^ tAs I' smm nsm A S , 'wmntn ntnss li^s nsest ssw^
wm-f(?n# (f. Aio/trAe-)-n mai Henn i Rmn mm RRs nnnm t ^ vn wnmfentwt^tew tm "^ff^ A S (nnnrn wfnntRnt
f'mR^ mnm sjnm (w^ftt wifn-^mn-'iin) msmmn nîenrss niRntesra nen *win' t ^ i t cmnnsRm^?iennrnnstensisms
Rcnn I R R srnnt^Fcnwifn-^-rnn-ian w^mf wm-^^ssit ^^fnw I ) ^ nnn 'wtsRtmn n^gitest w n f ^ fln i 9^
wtf mRn ^^wss nmcnifb^ stmcm i 'wmstrnn msmn mf m-'wrnm n-ftenn wmwn ffws w t nwmen mnm ^nmnn
n ^ minictm ^m sjnmw wm-mWwtfln m^"mtw stt^t aft^ i ^ c w Smn fn^ 2fm o mtn i 'wmstmn 'wmst^ fcnn stnn
m m nifcnn nrnnnn m^fcw ^nnt Rtn mR^ 'sn^ fness Rntw-4 wnîmmf nnentens c ^ f ^ ( L Massignon,
mtcmn w n i wrmn new, miaim:s5 (^_î^-Thing) nnt Essai, 135; Wtipt-'Wtwtftst, f t S H , AiV) i
mtew men >iit wc< Rtn 'mm Rf* ( o t h e r ) ^l;j^-^5^ntn CJ. ivsfe; wm g. f. jA)-'a Sf|f5tw wtCA,
ffife) I tnctnw lilt ssmt twR cwm 9m ntnntflcnn, wratAttt wtnstmn n^^#es wnt|w . i j ^ S ^ n f f l p ^ t ^ I iflt "tm
mt m ^ A^nrn nnnctt twtn n ^ msn mtln n^ ^cw wntjt stew 'wtsstmft nt^s swttn mt mm ^gmtnw-iitn wm
1 ^5mt *siisiiA ^Hifi w n ^ (ssfim gtt Hw-i m i ^ n m m 2tcmw% nnn nsssiA ^ i ntc 1wn tw nenn nn nnn tsn
sten wnn 2tn%f t^ n*i%t n ^ ftssm ^Rw A S C^^, n i f W T 'wmstmn w n wtn tm âssf? sw ann wewt csR
i i , 8J) I wt^R^ cmn n?m (nm m^jw cmn isns wenttw S ^ fln m liistnnm^ wnmtf nnwRw wnt^ tin i nsnf
nSm) tmn msiswm wm wtm^ ( w % ^ ) smtn Rttes nm stew nnes tsm wfsntRnn n f lssl stew nntrs^m nsRn
nten m C^^, A A ? ) I "atsien ^ wim^ ss^t (R'sn^-Rm) 's wnm n ^ f^ cmnn w i n^smen tt^m-'wmm 'wtnmmen
t t ^ >sem ncm m<fj'^^'=fs ^^fnntcm C*^, iss.,>b-to, ftctn S ^ - ' ^ atntftw 'siAnrfn nfn Sn ftcsn ?nt^ ^^n mR
8J(?-<too) I ntfn n ^ f e w Snrtn i iJsos. imttem-tsttnnfn '2wn
WW] cwtmcmwtcs fwfn nmsm ntnntc^n, mm wmm csiitifs ettsntmesn "m ttnies Rsitnw Aômn fn t ^ 'wtsstntn
wt^wtm cmn wn^tc^t sscsn m, ânnR wtatA $s'scs> m igsstâjtnttln i wwgtn tsm wtnwn>a w m s s^'setfR nm i
(ssi%-) ^^^n ^wn nsfsntesn, tme^ ffn w f R m w n i ic<fi nten <^ tAesn wnnttrt tin ^tm f t ^
wTAijîen f%cns mR stmnâ wtms new mt (îflA-) nn C^^, cttnntttsf^RssfAgn ettsntttes ttntwi^ntt^ i
e-i-!vs) I wmfRn ntwSntwns nntnn nem nnesttwt j>j<t fste^ fsntmtA wmf mnnfCAS "ms^tssnetn
wtnnn wtms ntwSnfw^ tswtmms 'fn n ^ tin nftm nen A S f R 'jftw ^ c n lilt tAcsn mn 'wtssirnn-'as tRnco wtntmn
8*8,8<tv-{>, 8toi) I WCS lilt tnnen 9m nennm wtw SSI
snmt I at^# % (i)ntftm-t'2pim,nt^msmmA,.n^. Schefer,
ar^tit 8 (i) wm-wtfwit, m^tnt^-tnntR^t, g. tnn^; % Vfe; (A) Le Strange, 48 f.; ( ) L. Lockhart,
(A) wm-ntmtw, wm-tntwnm, f. so-i, A O O ; (VS) wm-ntnnt%, Khuzistan-Past & Present. Asiatic Review, Oct.
wm-TFin^-, f. i 8 i - v , Aito-A; (8) tsfn-fswinn, wm- 1948; (8) Abadan Refinery, Review of Middle
f'wtfsm, mm. Arnold, % 88; (*) wtt-tiAstmrnf, ^. (ty, East Oil Petrolevmi; Times,, London, Jvme 1948.
(to) A. S. Trltton, Muslim Theology, 'J. iie-fe; (1)

L. Lockhart (E. I.2)/^pt^wt%^nttn
Montgomery Watt, Free Will and Predestination (<^ji-oJi) g w t f ' w t R m f A t ^ ^ ^ ' n t n t f n
in erarly Islam, % vi-8 i fAMi'i tfn 'wmfnitA tfn 'wtsstn, ^ttnm-Atmf mesit msmtw
W. Montgomery Watt (E.I.^)/ fAmn wt% ^mtn tinfsw I t i R t mnAtesn mm aifnw i fwR t><\a7i>\r(t
'^\<H\H "^srl^ ( c s ^ l jLui) g SlASlSC-tS
nten Atsiw-ia istJâjAt ssesn mx wtAm f ^ #sn mmw
'wmgn-^ mn emaj^ I t f n R-nstcsm new Rfn ntAift Renn I ftits-'fl wfwmfAS A S I W9{ fnfw^ iim ant nsenn mi
WtAtn # s f n ^ R f wtm nm m 1 ^ntnmm n^ fnmn njf^ m^'t ntw w n i ctn mk fwfn
ar^tff g tsn Alwm, wm-tntm, tnnn ivsAv R , An., Atoi, mmesn ^ m ^ tnf?? An ant 8a-v/j>ototo men cntnteît tls>it
ntnjt 88V* I m:m i fwft wtmn nsrnn ssf^ fe^m smstt w % i -istm
<?nnsmn cAicnn nrnemfew ^mf%nn i wm-^gn#tn n'^fmn wimn cs nnm ttessn
tnntf fntemn
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Obr?
test i^ms. wtirti f ^ tlai IfsW tm S ( i ) w R T f I f f - fC? iltl it>tl^Ct W t t t t ^ fifWRtff tttfC?? RWfW ff*t
f iR%11'i, (wH-wTtttf tjt?w), t r o fcsfit wgftff w t W f f f f ? fC? I "WttTOf f j 8 t t W t C ? t ? t f - t WtWtt, f t R ,
?ft?nr?; (?) witfspf-f im, f r o wa? w i f - f t (wttt t t t t ) t t t f f t r o ftfw? sietRtfis? tcsww afttfw f e w I t f f f w ?
Wff wf?"tTt t t t wtf f f f wft-rorf (f. Wf. ft. (too ttet) wtttrote?? t f f ? w t t f f c t t c f ttfws f e w i i i f t tiet
affitt ilfft wttt tMf ffRt, t r o t i t wft-trotf "wttt f t fwe^ fw t i f r o f t f r o tew?TT '*iiMit s>s>b-/ievs>-s>o
t1ttftftt-?fttw ( f t f , St., o i ) f r o tPt Wtft-TTttt ttet tsiicR ti?etj? wcf? ii?t^ silwfct iffft wR^gR ww?
"Rwlff-Wf t ' tfct ilfft few I f e w I WT?1??t?WR, f f ? t ? t t , tftwt, wt#STtt?ff?tWfWt, fftw?
rtt# s (i) w t t f IW, ot., SA ( f r o t M i t ' t ^ ftwte?? w i f f c t ? t f W f w f c t ? fwftfe? wtet ii?i
? b t f ^ ^ WlWlMit?); (?) t t t ttffftt, t l (t(t\r; ( o ) F. t i t t w f t t fw? t f f t ? fffcw f ' w wftwet? t t ? ftcttf^
Wustenfeld, Schafiten, no. 408; (4) we?ftf?t??fi
Brockelmann, 1. 484; si. 669. wiftct tttw ttwttttw ttft Robert Sherley W t f
J. Schacht (E.1.2)/ ^ ^ j ^ ^sfft? ^ t l t t
iifw? tie?w fsw?f wtwtff? t w t f wftte? 'wwtt ww?
*wr^lT i^T ( j j V i ^\-^) 2 roctjt W f t f t i r f t awf tttcf cttftfflf w t k ? ? tttff fifro f e w I t f f t f t f
Wtw? I f f t t r o "wtror W W tfffSw 1 f ? i w t f r o r r o f f f t RWro ^ C W W? ?tWf? ttw W5f t t f (musketeer) M ? I ?
fa; v3 t^stfftfff I Wi i wrott, hH\r I kH Wffftf, i<?ti 8 ^ ilftt ttttf tt? fW ?? 1 wt?fet? wffwift f i t wwcftf I
c f t t i t ? WWCf? t? f. W?t?W?lW ^8 ^[ttWt t w , iooWife wtwro tRlffwew? t t f ^cw wt?'2t?j ffettt ffttt ewtct?
wifwf, i'bcife Ifeb-o/-ie't?-'ToWCt wtro ftw? f r o R v t j t t f ?i?tc? tftw t w ??; wf? fw? ?ttt?ef fW^fro wttt
tttftCt f f ? ?t?tCW ttff?1 ro Ifeb-S/iff'T'b-'t'tWCt f l f ? ft?-ii? tit^tw cw??#l ftf^ t w ?? I '5Wtet?.ttj^tcw w?
t t w t t , 'WtfttCt? WW (ffWf )-Cf ?Wt fC?t il?l "wtf f f ?fro'2te?j? ilftt ctftww ttttf t t ^ W f ?t?tet? tf?it f f b fw
tt? w t f c f w?fcw? fwf? f?f^ fffw ctft 'wt?rorcf wwt t f f f i t I Sherley-ii? wft?tte? ffW? RWt f ? t i
fft?i? wTctf f T O fc?? I "wtf f f f f f g w w t t w fCt? I iiftwe? 'wfwtet? ftftiR wro cwcf? iffft t f f tttrtfftf
f f f ? t t w t c t ? ffjc (feva-/ia-'^<t-tir) iit wfctf ?ft ^ ? f tt^??f I
CtCt fTtWt frotW f f f "wtf f f t R WlWtfR? wtw fffi? w t t t f 'wtfaW? t w t t f t w ? (5.)'wt?ft-ftftR? fff?
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t R w f f t t f t f f ? w '^tew ttfwt WW ?sew i ' Q W W R ? ffrow ftfîftiw few ft^stw cttf ct? I- f t ? WR wtft?f?
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t t w f ffSCftt
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ntsm->a *ti1% ^?tRi^ A S I tss| iovsvs/itoA-A8 mm 'wrssm S R nnn wfwmftw w n - i msm n % mfn cgtw mnrm nw-iiin
>BA*iif cis str srmnn R ? I I S S I < M w f s ^ s^csn wtn <at wnmftmn stmftw ssfsm cn mn nmnm twin t f f ^ - f n f t ^
tlfaij^fe w ^ w t A S 1 ' ssRmcfictn I
wnjfnm'3 'wfssm nrmft sicwjs ^ m sRw sfcsn i nA?.'smn^w A'sm nc^ 'wtnstn Rtn stew m f n c m
ioio/itooi-A men mA'msn nts^ A S mi ioito/itooi-v men >iint wtmn nfsmesn cmwfness WtAtn fmttmn wtsstwts f^^
^sTen t^tnts Isfww A S I fl?*t nAiswts iooo-iÂo-Ai men AS I WtAtn fnwt f A ' t ^ tntmnrn wtmn f t mm wtf
n^fwens fnf& stew ASfs ftn wtnms sstsm n^sm A S , tf^ wtf^n's wtAmnne^ w^ nm w i m f w - ^ s s i m s ^ mtt A S I
wtwntew wen^tn f w ^ fewn w t tntirw S T W P T S J A îf ies ioAVi'Jî^ nten fAimnntR"n ftsf men wtsts iîss t ^
ntn^ mess m mi wnenen 'wtssm wRmn fssrsf wtsfstness stwestfsms men f'^n^ enom A S lant wfs m f a i t m n f # e s s
fne^ mm An i mntsss atentwcns w^rne^ sftnt tsfn 'wtnmenn wf;^wts nnn iovso/ i-jsAo nten wtms w t m w
n?,t](s> entsse^ lass w ^ ste wm wt3en ^^tntstsw ssm 'st i S'sstfssstft cmnm w t A S , f f ? fnmnesn t n cnt fate^^ ww
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'amnenn w ^ ssm A S I wtnâ twn Afmn ntsntsess ^ w t stew nftw %r-ff5fn m t f nwtn n t f ^ mttten R f n m^ wtemt
tfJpTAten/ttnt^tsw w A S i ioA/itoi8-ft men ssistmn-ias ssesn I cnt sstset f ^ sftst wtmftn mtmen wnf^ ^'wtens
ssTstntn^ emmm snn-â ^^tmtsw w r A S I w:nfwm ttew tfnai Al*^nfA t f s n ^ ssRcwn i Snen^ wtaêt ^^sfwt ât
(Stlwstnens witnem sscn cwn ioê/itoito-i m e n s si!tiiwt nssn'^fwR cnntnw^Rm cnn i wfss>>? Sîtif cws 1nf5 ttew
n^ Rtt Atwts e n r w n^nsm A S I S ^ w t t w ^s snnews wfnsstn. ssfnm n^ntn t n twR ^mnstm ntwTc^ f *wtens
nstnstn tin ststn Smmn nmm 'wtnsin tss'tnnstets wwtess ns ^f^tnfn csistsjw ^3 t f n n ^ w n i
sssts'ttsss?im'2iAtssfsmt%nn I at^tit? ( i ) tmmn fmf, mftt-t 'wtntn wtm-t 'wtnstf,
"wtsstens tmmnen tSemfn cntnfA wtnews nftw CoAStn (A) A True Report of Sir Anthony
s[5tnfw^ nt ^?tftw A S , f f ? %Ant%ns Rêw m^ Sherley's journey, nwn ib-!l t - Gracias di
tScsifn ^nSt nfwsi ^1nsis wm wtsts nssn slntn mf A S I f t n silvay Figueroa, De rebus Persarum Epistola,
ngfs wtwts wtAtfess nft^ f m l f nwtn stf^tsts nitmes nwss Antwerp 1620 t-; ( 8 ) Ambassade en perse, W f . de
mRsen^s fwfn nnmt wt^nts ^ s s nnmpw (&&s./i(?feo-i) Vicqfort, t J t f n n itotoi t-; (^) Pietro della Valle,
WRTAtne^ msnj ntewm w?t nen ^^fnem mi ioci/iÂi-A Voyages, t i t f n n i i s e t-; i'^) Sir John Malcolm,
men 'wtsstn nnnf? tnntn w n i 'wtnmn ntftmn ntwmn'f ^ History of Persia, nwn ivie it,, sa t . ; (i)
fa#stnwiwtn ttnensnfswnf^t.'^ mmf nwtn ntetn i fnenf Chardin, Voyages du Chevalier Chardin, n1t.
nîtf metmness, csnn <Mse5tf wttfSftn metmn ântssttRn Langles, t T l f s n ilrii; (V) The Three Brothers, n ^
n^rt%nn sfk wtbntnfA tmt mntn wf^rc^m wfstfw stmn w t iVA<f; (S>) W. Parry, A new and large discourse,
A S I iooi/ie5>v-ji. men nnf?-'iin mwt mtn ânttn mfness nwn itooi t-; (io) Huart, histoire de Bagdad, 55 t . ;
A'ntnn 'wi# est ntntw mnss ntscnis la^wn fi?5s nft tScmn ( i i ) Browne, 8 t . , fefet.; (iA) L. L. Bellan, Chah
cstst w t A S ; fwfn Prague, Cetnn, cstn, Valladalid A b b a s I, tJlRn ifeÂ; ( i ) V. Minorsky,
fnns'T a n n nscsn i wtms fnfs c"#s m^ftw ^ tteswnt w t n 1 f n t v | n - f ^ , nwn i58vs t-'
R.M. Savory ( E . L . 2 ) / t i s m CStn
cntWems stfwmen fw catnt <pfscnn i ttesw -fw Sir
Dodmore Cotton flenn ttsenjs nrsfnnnten csjfnw sttn ''srt^l^ ( ^ Ûc) t m^ntm, t-, ives-zm? iA^^
"ftfW (accredited) n % 5 i men wmftwn n?f atenetn msst tntm cwntn nftntts nAfntn
nwss (Retnmcs Scatemm mmnmstn ântssts nw^) WWJ w f ^ , f ^ - f w mm,tn bitgn aften wnjatAt w n i
cmA nmtttm tnntn nsRm 'wtnsm emnemn sts^ts S ^ msn wtAtsf^tmsmnwftffn I R R If ff^t-t mm tt^mintn fnrnt ft^
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sscsn, ntm iooto/ieî-br nten wtmn fwn nrsrstftew nRtw A S I mnim fftn^^-'an Rf5 wtnft, n^fs^ Sf f t ^ sscsn t n^
tf^ fwfn <t'tsflH, witnrsp sstf^tmn mnesn f t n n i f mntsmn sns ntnt wmfsn m?ntn Rf%^ ntnntnts f ^ t n t ^^Rm wseten
m m n tnntn w n ân?, lattten fwfn wisjn ctn sscns wfs^tt ?tmtenn w1?m wfnntn nt^tc afRfiw mnntms wfw ifn?. fntrtw
tnrnfttntemn
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b-8 Wl<MI>l tH
ftlR?, W t f t wlttt ftfsp ffSTOT W i t f t iJl4,s)H tsptirStt R f B f T e f ctt w f f r o fffatt fftew ^ t t f l t , t r o . f c t f r o w ^

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f t t t t t T . i l t l t r e w W W tltlKS f i t WWTS f f t w 1 f f t t Rctio f f f ^ f f f ? ftfew t t f ^ t t f l c t t I f r o t R w e t ?
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^ ^^fsew men mt i wtmn #nn t n n r f wtemnenn nfAo tmn^ten "s&mn fntfnmmes 'cnfnn ntenm#' t t ^ wtfnssrg^
>annwten mt^ stm nts cs, n^nrvssf'^t, nrs^nfwss Stjftn-nwn ssesn I (ttnfs nAmn, wtntn fstn wtt wtnsm w t f t R , wrssm
fwn mmn nesr^ wtm f W fl>^ nmn fln (wm-ntAfn, wi#, tR=mn^sr?fttA) 1 WtAtn nfSc^ nnnt's^mcn 'csiRn
mnn nnf wtnsm wt^ mn, 'j. v^) i iên nten wtms Stn ii)<)>iCMsf' stfwflw AS ( n ^ wtAnn, nwjt^ mtntntnt wtnsm
wtntntew tnntfn niwrnf fnrnfnrnfrn^w f ^ A S I is.ev nten w t f t R , wtnsm wt^ tR'srtn^t^ ^ ô:*) i
m^sntm nffn f ^ mm fn mRR n^ps^ wtnsm wt# mn mfnwtn t n wtssm wi# t R ifeiA nm ^ c nm
ntfs, mtmm, nswt's srwmftew wtmn wnnwi nntesen ts sirs ^ m n nftstitsn m t n nsenn i ewn !^c ntftn ^tmt
ciflwtfn mfn^ mnn w n I fwR t n n t f wTcmncm ^mwe^ n t t f ^ nsfnrnn w m ^ ntm
ntenn ctn fmm nntm wtnfn Atfn ntn wmtfn mei wmitf An i fwR ntntenetn cmm-s>fehs w n ^ e^-tns
mfn^PTtfn tnfn^ tosnnss' n^ ttm cten wtmntew tnntfn cnn MI. wtAtenn n t t f ^ cfssis Senn't afAt w n i fwR
Semten S^ nfstssts R^testn, 'nftms mmntm >sfncs%=i csm' mtntencts m f n mwgJtfw^ wfnmw t f ^ ^fnmn nrtticn liit nnn
i nt nstnfn ntf% cncns mf^ m^r^ nRn ssm A S I tnnrf wiRn^nnn ntAfs cnte^, wtfn nnfn wtAnn wtmSn nAmn
wtcmnens mesf wrssm w t f mn wtms srf^nw ^fw S^ osten ttnnA cffcts ^fn^tfn fS^tfnn mwfnfwfnncnn nRw cmttestt
fnestfww sscsn I (fAt^fnmtntn, wtmcnsfei rnnntcsnwtssm sffw^'s nw fnfnnn W R I
wt^ ntn'sttssssfi, ^ - i o ) I ifeito nten cwntesn fwntSn nAmn wrssm w t ^ ttness
wrssm wi# mn i^-jsA men mff^tn iRnens nnm fnntfsw w t s t n n f t n m n - w m t n t n ^^sin winatwrm
An I fwR mfssmn wt%t ntsnen wtntntew tnntfn m n t c n ^ (tf^Rsrs cmmnn 1 n m ^ tnntn, 'fRe wmn wrssm mn,
t n n t f fstemn
t.R.5/8^
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witrot w i f ro W W art, 1^ i*''-) i ^ ^ ttwf C t f f r C f W t ^ f e w ( f T R f f ltlD'SBtWH-, W t f f f , ffi) i .

w c w w R ? f t t f f f f f t o-atitw?w:wwtstrpti:?fitrnirt w w w #?c? t f f i i f f t j t t w e t ? w t f I f t i f c f f f r o f f w
t f t f gfftfwtsn^ CWf ^slk f f f f t c fttcwftrs W f i c f t wtww? we w f t ? , wft-ww titft f f t w ffw fff%^ tc?
w t f t w t ftctbti f e w I f r o cttf, a t t t ? w i w ^ f c t ? t e t TO f e w i
w f t WsWCWCf t t w f W W f f t ? t t ftcttTST t t f t t t t t l ? w?.w, t f , t?.e?# w t ? f W T O f t ? t f wt??tt w i f ft?
t ? ifeafe t l c t ? ct w e t rot? tet croSt ^fc? w f f t w w f ? fict? ff wcf iifw? tffw, ' a t t f f f T t W f f t f t t f t mi
f t c w t W R ? w t i e t f f i w w e ? wiwwc t t w f wiwete*t? itfwt iiffft ^wtwtf 'a t e t t f I t t w f wtewte?? ftew t f f
f i t a w ^ ? ? I wt??it W T f tl? w i w w e f wtroie? stwew iiffw, .wtSpw, ttc?ft wtctftw? ?? ctf t f ? f e w i
t t f f f t ? R crotT we?? w t t f w t t f c t t i ît t t ? ^te cw5c?TO ftft ficwt we?? w t t , TO ftte? i t??fe ro
ifefeo w t t w w? w c f C5t^ ?,t? t f t wiwwc t t w f wtftff? ftfw f f W ? t f t f f e w mi f t ^ f e w f W ? t ?
w i w e t f - m w?2ii^ w t f ? tttic? wftf tit? f c t t I f?t I
ifetr? W t ^tc ifeb-v W t t w t f ? cwwe?t CTCtt f r o c t t f t f ?bw, W f T O t t t t w , ' f t w r o t f t f f t t f ?w
ctirott i i t w c t ? 'S^roif w t e t ? t??iew w t e t t t f ? w t e w t t f r o T t W f t f ? t e w f f ? tfwt-c5w w f f f W il??
t i a n t t t w t t w f c ? ? 1 i t wTcwtc? f w e f c w t - w f t t w i l f W ? t ^ t C S f ? f W t t f t f f C f ? ' 9 t - t ? f f f 'S f f ? W S f t l
ft?e T I I f r o c?fc^ wiwwe t t w f i c t t a t f ? i5tsfi?te? fftw tf^ttei I t f f w ^ Off ft c t t f t f alt 'Jl^w
CWC5? WWttf% f t t s , f t t WTCWt? t f f W CWCt I c t t il?? W f T O f c t ? w t r c t f r o # ? e w t ? t t w t t t w f
wiewtc?? tetr t t w ifefeo w e t ost?Tc?t ii?wt t t r o t f w # w - ? T ? t t w s t i t e ? ? WW f c u f w w t t t e w i f r o ?f&
W W t f f ? WTTTCt? C f T O C5fl?'ttffc?? flC? W t W ^ ^ 1 ^ fttfc?? tetr f t w e ? s ( i ) t t w t 'a wfe#iwc? f 5 ? g t ^
fftc WtT WT I 'CfTO C5fl? t ? f t ? ?T?tl? f ^ Wl<Mlt W t f (ifefei (?) f f i ??ffff? tte? (ifetff t-), () t t w f
t f t t ifevo Wet? tc?? w ? f t fff??t t t w t ctcS wtcwtct? f f e t ? w?tw TO, (8) i l f f t w t t f ? t f tet? tc??
wfctfftf i i f w t t w -ste f t t c r o t f fc?? I i l t wft a t R f f f ? t , t? c t c f f r o t T O (ifefev), (ff) w?w? f t t w t c t ?
ttwtte tftt WI il??. te? w wiwetet? tifttic? tttttw w i -tRwt (ifefe8), (ij) wfWtfc t t w f ? ttwt, (a) wfttwe
( f g ^ fittf^sftw?, wrttew? t f ? c?w, wT?rof w t f tt? w ? f t t w f ? t?fw tfTt, (b-) WWW t'aff 8 i l f f t # W iTftt
f t , -^kdo) I ttwt i l f f t w t e w t t (ifeâ), (s.) wfctet f ? w w w t f f
f r o c t f c f wwwc t t w f w i w c t f ife<)fe w e t ? w f f ? (ifeb-ff), ( i o ) t f f ? ? ^ f W f T O (ifeb-ff), ( i i ) f f e f ?
t ' v t t t??f5e? ^tt, ifeb-^b w e t ? fttfbCH i o t t mi ifefei. w e t ? t f f e t ? ftte www t'aff (ifeir<)), ( i ? ) '^f? wtew cut
t t t i k ? ^ o t t w i t ? w f c ? I wt??tt w t f f t c t ? ttap? t t t t (ifeaij), ( i O ) tfctef f W f f f t , (i8) fi??tCW i l f f f f t , ( i f f )
C t f C f WTTOT WW W?f-fttt% tte?Tf f T O T O f f f f t t t W ctcf? wttc? f f f fft, (i'b) t t w f w i e w t ? 'a t? w f t , ( i t )
?5t?w ?fwfct? wfcwte?? tfSRf f t t w ? t e t i t t w a t R f wttif? twc?? wft, (ib-) t t w f ftf? i l f f t f f t f f M f ftf?, ( i f e )
t e t tftf WI il?? ifefei w e t ? tttfte? f w ? f cfsrc?? tt1Wa 'a aftf, ( ^ o ) Muslim Ummah i t T W f t f T O
t t f ? we t w t T I (ie?R, <to) I W f T O f f s t t '5tt 8 ( i ) f t t e t?'a?te? W t t t (?-ff t'Q
ifefeo w e t f t t cfict? ?Tc? w t r t f f c f t w t wtfct?' ifebr^-ifeS.^), (^) f t W f f f f wtlff? ( t ? - W f t f t ) (ifefeS),
w t t t f f t r t ^ r o f ? ^c wftrot W f f ro f?c?? c t t tt? ( o ) w t f w t t , (8) t t w e t ? fff?f ?it, (ff) t t w f w f f f
f # wiWffc t t w f w i w e t f - i l ? ttft?? wetct w r f ? ttwc? (:yi^-v5[fTO-ifefe8), (b) t t w 'a ttWCW? t f f W , (1) W W t f ^
t t t t f t t t ? WW I ^vSWW t f f , (b-) f f f f c t ? Wt?, (fe) w t t f w t ? , ( i o ) w t f ?
t t w e t ? t f w f f f ? w e ? t t t t w f f t r o ff?et t f ? f l e t ? ^ ^ ttCa? tf%, ( i i ) W T O f f f t ? ( i - ^ t Q ) , ( i ^ ) i l f f t
Wfftt f t t f c f C t t f t W f C W f f t W f t f f t t ? f I W W i^t?tftif w w i f i ? , (ifeb-8), ( i o ) f f t ? ftro, (i8) f f f
f ^ f t w i t c t ? w f ^ f T t ? TO ftw f c t f w t wea? f f i ? t t r o t t w t , ( i f f ) f t t t t t e t ? w f t f r o ffwe? fffSI
c t t ?iea!t f f ? cww f r a - f f w f c t ? t t c f f f w t w f f t ? W (ifeb-b-), ( i ^ ) t t w t 'a WWftif f f f r o (ifeVfe) t W t f t I
fttf? f e w I wf?itie? ifefeo w e t t?e ?t?f t t t w t f ?.et? f t c t ? Cft fftsftc^ t f f wtwwc? f f f t ? ttcte? w f ?
tt^tfc^s rot? w t f w t t f tC'55iHi ctw ttet f f f ffew W f f t s ttwc? w i t t i f f f w^w? wftc? W f t ? tt?5fe 'www w f w t
t t f t t ^ fftS t w ? t t f t ^ -^w t i f r t t i i f t f f s t w e w ^5rt^ t ^ f f iiwe^sfa c 5 T O t j t ? t t w c t w t f ^ tit? it??.
^ ' T t
ttttf fffCftt
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'wwmtwwm(zrr) Otrl '^l<rtl>t t w wl1w-f5?"

wrsmitt? cffR wfwt f r o WW f f f r o ro^ t f ? wi]?? fffc? I fffa ? f f ^ C WIW wt, f f f t ? W tIffW? ( t ) - i l ?
<3 cttrcff? row fftf} fict? i wtt? w t ? ^ w i f ft? ife^s. t?Ctlf fict? I i l f f t ?f?t? W<3W ft?, fft 'Wf Ttl-? twctcf
tlct? W T t t ? ? wffiT ctrni ii?if? tf%roT fc?? i f r c f ftw ?ifffT? (t)-ii? t?ctiffw ffftrfliRt I t t ? few Rft ftttfet?
?lff? WtfItT? w?t?wt5 f w ? 2 i f f t I t w f wttwc?? wcf tew wiff^t fftttflct? I f w c f t f rot iiti fe? f R
Rj^rotTii OT^tt W I I
f t f # I (i)Wt??ftJIWlf f t t W W f T f S f f J % f t f *i?ff?i H/mo tict t wftwe??^Wt?f f f f w c f i t t w t f ? t
titc?t wtft'ww't'Sff ffw^ iiwc^f, mw, fm t i ^ t , tse?? I ttffST? ( t ) i?ief witcR? te?? wt wtwt ii?i f w
%Ct^ ifefefe %; (?) ftffftfff fat; i () WlWWc t t W f ? ffwc??.t? tift wtfttrW? (ftf T W ) ?if? f t f t f w c f f t f ?
C ? # ? w s ? ; ( 8 ) WlWtt wtf fict? ?5CWW? ?lWt?ft?5 3i^<)f^ f C t ? I ^'Wte?? ^ f f t f^'f?ef?"tf?^ ffttflct? i i ? i f ?
wwwt? I fftret few? t R fiîtti ffttflct? I
Ctl?tft Wl?^ tl^R f f f t f t t ? f t R t t t t rot? i Tfcro few f^ WffW?
n ^ % p t (5.?t?t)
(7t).cf wttff wtttT fW? fffct cw? cw? tfwte t f ^
tst ftfffw wRwe? wiff?i ro?? wt i 'tw? (?i)
wrtTO t : ^ ^sftftTT ( ^ 1 ^ ^ i _ ^ ) s (w) t?? ttfwet-tff wfwft roi? t ^ ftfct f f f i i f e ^ f w c f
^stTCt? w t t - f w f , f t f f W t t cftcaj?, : C t W 1 f f f W f f S t ? ftt ^ w?ro??1 t ? t tfSf wc?, ? f f ^ ^ ( t ) f w c f fitwe?
( t ) - m ffW 'WttfW'?? ? J ? W C W W l f W ? fllR? 1 ' W T f f t t t ? ? tiftff a w t t t f Tte wtff ilftt wif fw? fffc? i "tw?-
w m tw? f t f t w w tf? f^fcro few w i f f ^ t -ffwflcf? I ( W ) f W f f t f ? wRw ticwtt fffw f w c f ? f f wwfct?
i t fCW f f f t f ? t f t , f f?lW? ? ? t fffct f f f Wf fW?t CftCiJt? t w t tftw fWt W W I f f f f/'bff wet tf%fft row i i t
tc?i t f f i t t t w t f?tfc?? I f f f niffsiiA (t)-'ii? #ron? - t t ? f?f? f t t ?ttlfl1 brbr W br^ t^t? I tftt? f f f W t t t ?
tfefltfC??! tf?tfe5Ri tetr f ? f ? fat 'wf?fsf? (?f)'t|!3? ffcft t ^ tftt?
f t t i t i d) t ? t WlWt?, Wlt-tt W , f t w iO?br ft., ?f.,
wftftf I t i f f S K (t)-ii? t f w Rgftc? f t t f w ftfrottf?
? 1 o , t l s c o f f ; ( ? ) t?ft-Wltt?, t t f t - f ttt, Ct?1t i ? b r f?.,
'WH<j?ll?tt? W ^ f t f f f fict? I
f., iob-; (o)?T?tf,wwft wittrtt-tT?iw, 'ims wft., 3 t f # t t ( i ) t w ftftt, W f t - f W ; (?); W t - ' S W R - f ,
i f . , ?fe8 I W t - w f t f , ttt. Wellhausen: ( ) W t t f , f f t. f f f ^ ;
Cftfttt c?tct? ( 8 ) t t t W ' t , T?tf 1, 8 / i f . , i-îî; (ff) W f f , w f t , ?t.,-
8H; (b) t w ? T W f ? , W t - t t T W , ?t., ^b-bV-fi; (H) t ? f t -
IL. > I I ) S (?I> f t w W t f t - W t ' t , f t f f W ? ( t ) - i l ? f f w W T f ? , t t f t - f - T t l , t . , i o 5 - i ? ; ( V ) WWf-f, WtWft-
'wi?f?ii?? '2?Wc3j? WW I f r ? WW fict? wit-wft? cftca? W f f ? T f , i t . , ftf^; (S.) t TWf, ftlW? W'wftt- ftfW', ^t.,
fWfW fftw WIW? 1 f w ? f a 'wt?fw^ f ? ? f f l f ??ct? dH-bx ( i o ) wt-ft?ff- Ttff. t T f i t r o t - t f w f titiR't
fftftw ''iii'Mtf ffWft f w ? ttet? tft t f f r o I "wmtf f l f t s f - f ^, i ^ C ; ( i i ) Goldziher, Muh. Stud., ^t.,
f C f ? i^fWftf f t f?ICf www 'tw? fffc? I f C t T?t?l iob--!; ( i ; ^ ) Th. Noldeke. ZDMG, ib-!v %, % :î-f;
f ? t ? f ? f WtCWMt? W C t f t t WIC?ff?tl? fffb? f f W C f ? I ( i ) Caetani, Annali, i t . , ffiH-b-, ?t., i ? o - i t W f f t ;
f f f flctf il?5W? ?T?Wf il?l??WC3!? WWW1f'lft? ( i 8 ) MO, ifevss % , i V f f b r I

WCfW wftf? t5t 1 WTf Tft? i l f i t tft WWC?? t t W ^ f W. Montgomery Watt (E.I.2)/
i H . ilt. w?3f? ?ni? iBi
?'|BlW? ftft fl? f?T? (ftf T t t ) iltl WW? WCt? (ftfltl) fttt
'wtMit (?t)-cf t t f t ro?? I ?ft w t f - i l f?i? iifit t t f i t
ftt, tiff f f f 'Wtt f t t t w t f t CWC3J? ctraftttct? t t f w % W ? ' W t f ? w f t t t t f t w t t ? w f t w t - w t w f , W t -
ficttw i WfWTTt f f f f ? W f t - f l f t , W f f ffWtt Wttet? ilfW?
*wt?jt (W) -fIctt f t t tftwwfg,: fw?nf, ffww? t f ? , t ^ wRw? f f t ?ieff^ I w = ^ ??, ffofe/iiie wet?
f f t w I fft ttffW? (t)-Cf 'Jtt t w ? fffc? I fft WffW? ftsf fctt f?i? w^ ?ttif|i I f i ? t i5 t i w f s ^ f f f f*:ww
(t)-il? ft tet? fcf WJJit^t fffttflctt I Wf WffCt?ftg"? ff flet? I f ? r ? f t w wtft-f?" f ? f f RiR? i i t i
wtWJf tftct? wa, ?a wf?ift acttw? ^t? tiftf Rft tr? ffos/iiiff tfe=i f w c f w c w w f g ? n t fffrRs roi 5 ? i I f f i t n
f f ftfewt
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siâsTs nns R R WTAIS i t <pisi 'wisstnm WIAIS n w ntnt mn-s Rfsnrs fnc<p t m n n w n i t f i 'wmstcns t 3 [ t t
Rsitl^Mn I fnte^ nmsm nm cnn, mmm em? 'WISSPTCSS wfsm:
dpl^cHsen*
wif,n-fwÂ'-ias f ^ j s I S wiAts fsssT It fgrniess 2fmn m w i wwinn SFt^tt A O mf'Sn-wi-s'snm, e s V i
wTi?is5witgnt's wtn-fAinsi-vgs cnntSTn= t f n ntais tsniA sscsn i iies men wm-f^mnfnA-iiis tnsss 'wmsme^ wwffew w n ^ t
t s n mars ssitwft fcns wnjwsi w w i s m cnntsm^ flenn i nfsst ssfnst A ^ w I
wtw-f i f f s e88/iib8i-eo nten t s n nmtnrss S f ws nentnestn fit^t#t s (i) Smm tsn fnR-n*, w m - f R n m , nmr..
sssts tsn nrars.tAis sitwsten f f g t A ^fssT ^^fenni ^TsesTs fness Derenbourg, e-to, b^s-AA, toi*; (A) tnn w t f w t n ] , g.
w J i n s An ms wT5K^ S f CSS nen, fnesinnsfsew nfwss ntsj Cahen; (o) tsn W t f f n , g. Wustenfeld and Cahen; ( 8 )
w n I 'Ht cntnentens nnn- "wtsstn ^înnnCEsn^nw stwtnRss, t s f f[smnm, nmr. Masse, ra. 89, 90, 92-95; (<?)
wsfcn w t f s m n w n mi wtAfs nfnwT t s n ntiH-ias n^ tsfn-Wtftn, iit., S.-8, i A A , iAe-b-; (to) WTf ttm,
w s n m '^fsst nntnnns tnn ntntens "Wwtsn ssesn i w i t s n Rwifs-mâmwrnn, nsmem i.Ab-i R it., ^î, t . ; ( i ) tsn
mntens nwnneS >xint t s n ntats ( A f'n-ssi'nt, e88/A8 nts, tinfn, wm-tsm, 8t., t.; ( v ) wt^n-fsmi, ot., AS'-OO;
iieo) west aicst ssesn I (s,) t n n w t f f f n n f , ot.; ( i o ) tnn tiliis^H, mtn 8S.to, eAA;
nsnvSf snstnew ^5^rsstn sstscsts spifwf nssteat w s ^ , - (ii) nrss-ff, w m - f t w - r w . At., f . o o ; (iA) F.
ssesn mt WtAts f a ntfn's^-fn-ntn-s n%Frs fSrsnia ttm Wustenfeld, gesch. der Fatimiden-Chalifen, 314
S c k r 'wtsstn estr f t s f f s stncn/iieo f ^ t e m sn^^men ff.; (io) Lane -poole. History of Egypt^ 174; ( i 8 ) H.
"wf^'tntn ^ ' f s sfsin fnfs? An i fnfsmew tmt t i n ^?ttwf Derenbourg, Ousama Ibn Mounkidh, i, 220 ff.,
f5tTrmews w f n mm mm i tnfsm nncns f c s t fwfn wtms 238-58; (i(?)'^fwAtfn^ ^êas n m c n i H N wm cn^n CL.
ntnwte^ A ^ '^fsm S f c s s m i n i n w t s n t ' ^ w n i wnss Cahen, Quelques chroniques anciens relatives
t i n , Smm t s n fntss*n*t wrmess ât nmm< fnntflcnn (% aux derniers Fatimides, BIFAO, 1937-8, 19,
Cahen, 19, Note 2) i wTssicns,t3imn"s cmncnssincm nsm nite-2; (ito) "wtssm mat ^^fswm- S^R nftntcA-
sscsn mt. fmms ne^ n%pts wfcntnn atAt w n i ww,sts (-b t n t f ^ , t t f m ^ - n s T n n , t n n f n nsfntt (wcm is.ei t-),
it., iis., iSio r
fAlnsPi, ash-/^ liilsH, bie^s) tnn matsc^ Ami w t 'ststfin i
'wrssm ffw ssrsem s t w j r s ^ ^^fsm S f c s s nn n t n w n i -at C. H. Becker-S. M. Stem (E.1.2)/ wifts ^mtn
wsnes A I ^ ^ m m n - ^ , <t8\r/\h wrn%, i i e ^ 'wpfîmn Jl)
ipi^cws 's^nw A S I w m - t i m f , f t w f ^ f f s t w r f t s ctens fmm / - f ^ n n n
'wrssm c n f tnn S f c s s nen wtsfiiw nttssew- mesn mt i t w t % w w r s s r f f c t n ixinswn fntrtw niiS'<is<^ tmnsswt
Smms n?Fsj wfnrcs (tntn mn-s-ias mm n f n i nA^s flenn flenn i Airto/b-s.s. men R f n tmessn wmn etta^fnn fnnn:w f w
mt. lilt n5mn wtAts-a fssf w f n ^ t i n ) 'wtssm wtAtn f a liicss w n I t f m t wm-f'wffnm wtAtess t m m m ^ niA'msn-iiin
wnjc^ n c ^ nsfnusn i 'wmstcns mnm, t i n , wtmess Ami sssts t i n n W i fnemt w n mt. ntAsmcns ^msm# (g.) simn w t f
mil mn'sc^ nfnn Sismttw ssfsntflenn i; Snrm Rcsfc^ fnwt ^mtn w m - w t ^ t f n nft f w n m s wtent srmn w n i i x i ^
f c a s nem nnestrmssif ntnm mtn ssRmcAn i s t ^ n c ^ tmm fnsfnw 'Jnmntttf s n m ^ e w fssf c^^mennss c s f t n n A s n f
n w i t ntmess A ^ ^ R W sffw^mw flenn i m-jm wfsiacn cnmnA t ^ nnm wjtt nsesn i c s f t n cnm cT^menn^tt
n%pi wiAis fcA nsm ssfsen n%mc^ fAinsrens ctn wtfsn ft. WtAtess sttn mnent f n t n m f n w n ^ cs^fnm t n t t m mn ixim
(?8s./i>to liitsm, % ii<2-8 A ^ ssm A S I w w s t s "wtssm t f n n s tnn^f fnnen lijss m ^ mnesn t n m n i o o m Imrm fwfn
fnss&wn f s ^ wi#senn-fnn^ n%Ftess A ^ ^^ms wfwcmn n f "sn (ntwm-ian ctes Avi/'^nft Sioo) i n ^ n^tes> Awn w t
wtnsn w n mt. wimenness w t s t f ntsj ,^^fnm AWjt sscsn i AS, f ^ ^ rsmw'%t wm-'wrssmess lat tew mtwst, ens cn, fwf^t
w t w - w t f w s ntsmns f a c ^ wm-nntn fnnm "flmA Smts fitmn t f spies' wtAiens t ^ ste nfnesn, wtAtcns ( n s - m m w ' ^ )
-^9m R f n fnsAtnen sifwflw w n i lat n ^ nstenn tinmen R^cw f w n w R m n nsnstf. ^tes m, nnt tme R t e m wttinn
w n t t ^ ttfsnnn< Se^fww A t m Sei liini 'wtnstenn f n n p t wtcA I S^ f w t m s nsmnsenn n - ^ w m g. M . J . de
^mnw m% afActn w m w r ^ - (i^jô-ian sptmss mmt goeje's Memoire sur les Carmathes de Bahrain,
t n n nssf^-iijs f n f 5 m m n t i k r i w t n ^tw,-^?^^ "wrssm 37-41. iflt t ^ n?3!nw. n=fm winrSt -a wmtm cnm:w m:*iT
t n n t f fs?9e^
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Contents
Ob-i
WlW-^Hf^ (WFI-fTtm W t T f - f f w .WUTW bJsoo f , f t C f l f fat f f f t f t ? e t t W, W ? brOO W f C f l f t iO,000 .
^. i i o - i ) t f f o W f l f W f W ? ftff I f w f w f '2te?T? i i f c t t t t i f t f ? c?f f r t ?#?t t f f f f ' w

w t - ' w m t ? f R ? i l t w f t f WTT? w n t f f w R ? wiaptt f t t ? f t w w f ? t W W I f f t t c t r f f w f ? ^ Jttittftf
i^fwrffwR? W W W'W? f??? f t f I c ? t t ? w ? ? 5 t f w t r ? ttl ftft ^2tct t r f T T t f i ? ?t?t f c ? 1
W t - f f W f ? mw?^ (?T? CtWWw Wf?Tf ^b-S./ S>ob-? WTR w8f? W R - ' w w w w f t ff?et?, t f w wi^-f'wtftt (g.)
tf?WW ?5f?Wfti?I? Wt-'W??lf WWTR? -WTTWt I t ? f t - W f ? f r c f t f f f f "ft? t?? ttet wfft f f w i c w I f f ? w t w f
tftWr:??, fwf? .?S>(b/ii>ob-,-fe WTR f WW?-il? WR?ft ??.cf? ^? t ? ? t f t c f i l t f t t f t f T ? t t f t t t f t fftc w e t f
ftct? I ooo/fei8-ff WCt t n f w f wgRft-;ttcw ftR?cf ? w ftet? I t T ? t ^ t??tft f w ? tt??cw i l f t t wfte?tf'SttTtt
?#?!? WW fwft ff?R-il? C t W t t f t f ? tft Cftftf? W?WftTR? C f f t f C W l i l t Wttitt wttt?'WT^?tCt? tft W W I fC?, ftf
( t f ? W t - f f t f f , tttCW, o t . , ib-b) I C f t #?C? IttT? f w ? tft few t t ??1? W T t fC? t i t I W t w ? tw?? W T ?
f t W - i l ? w t f t f c t w t f w f t R R f o t f l W W T R fwft ?fTW f w ? t w ? f t w w f?ct Wt-'WIWIR w ? w w?e?tt f e w
W?-?TWCW t t t t t t#?tftct? ilt?. C t t t t e t t Ooff/S>i1 WCt ilt? f c ? tStcftf wte?tt f?T? WW W f ? ? T T I t t i i f c t w
t f % W t ?C?? I ftsRCRCt t W W t , C t t CWWCWt f w ? Wfi t t t t R tt? t i t f ? W R - W f f f T C f Wtl ct?i? wiettw? f e w
^ W f t t il??. ftftftt -a fR?WT?-il? t t r t f fte? W?ffw il?? ^? t ? w f t t ? 5 W f w w t n e f cft?w w f f ? ^ t t t t f t R ?
W T f f t - ' * l l < l t - i l ? w t WtW?t WWfWC? ^5t?tftt ( W f W , R T t W ? t t C f t f ' S t t l t t C f fW?e? WtT t w ? Cbf?. t f t t n t T t
St., ibS) I (^vbl/b-b-o-b-i) 1 wt-'wtt?tt tttc? f f f t w wifte W t T . t t e t ?
f t f # t ? ( i ) 1?Tf, ? t . , Ofeo, :iife<b-1, ? ? i o ; ( ? ) ilt? w i c t f w t f ^ f r t ? ?tttc? t f ? 'f? f ^ cff?w >if.
w f ? , t W T . de Goeje, *J. ^bfe; ( o ) fttW^W??, tWI. 'Zttjtet? t f t * f w bWfiet f f ? cffwt? T T I f T C f f t w w -ij
Amedroz, it., db; ( 8 ) t t f t - W f t , H^., % oSS-d, odb; WIWT? ilts. t w ? 'ft wtC?T?t f?ft?1 f T ? f W ? T ? ( ? T f w,.
(a) W t t f , f?iW, b-t., iS.o-8; (b) ^ c t t f , W w - W t f ? , tttw, I t . , ib-o) I f r ? t e t ? w w ^ f f t WTtt? t f ? f ? i w f
ofeo f.; tead, carra de vaux, 499-500; ( T ) t f ? t f ? WT'ttt t f ? ^tl? w t n w t i f t ^ , ?iT?i i l t t?cgic^ WW
wm-f1??f, W?C?T W . ft., o t . , i??, ib-^; (b-) t t ? ftffw?, w f tttw ftcttbvs ^ t t t f t f , ^ ? W T ? rott ToJt f W T ? I
R?tTt HSd, Wf. De Slane, it., s^î, o t . , S i ' l , St., o o i ; RtCfC? f r e f CfSIWw ?5f?W ?t?T?^ t w T I J t s t w t f ? WtT?
(fe) t t f t - t W t , fT?-T?lw, ?t.,'=J. ifeS-ff; ( i o ) C. Lang, f f w t ftct? W,, f f f . wsRCf-a W T ? WRIwtct? t ? ^ f t t c t ?
Mutadidals prinz und Regent, Z D ^ G , 1887^., ftlTRCtfT? t<3?lf?ftf ??!? t t w t W f T l fte?ttt ^ ? t ?1? I
?To-i 1 t w ss-ft-il? f f j ? ( f t - f I W ?To/Ct b-b-8) f ? f r ? f 5
M. Canard (E.L^)/ f ? t f t wtfl? ^ t l t ? ttift'stt?? (g.) f r ? fwftfwF T T I 'wt-wtt?tR t r ? t f w f t w
few, f f f ?Tf f?Ts T t I
wrtw-'rtt^ tRRWt^-"sn^ ( j ^ l ÛxJI) s t??
w'f? w?-wt, t t ? "f? (g.)-ii? cwrt f a i ftfwn f?wc?? w w f f f f t S ( i ) ?tW?^, f?l Wt?"Wt tt? 'ft, t w t . f ?Tittt
??TW ?t?t? t t ? W T ' W t t f ? f f ? ftte?? fTtfWt? WW? f W w f , W t t f f i o e v ft, ?(?VffC; (?) f f f , t w ftt?,.
t e w f w t s ? i f t w f wTt-'wT^WR? t f ? Ri^ ?se?? i f f f wtw ?t?iW i f e C I t-, 1- ?8'!j-ffo; ( o ) M. Talbi, Emirat
aghllabide, '^J. o8.i-(?^ i
fgt f f W ? W f f f f t w ? f c t t c f wt?icf ftiWRtlT f t f t t
Ed. ( E . L 2 Suppl.)/f?t^ W f t f t e t t
ftlWRCt? w f t f i f ?ttT? WW Wtt-'WTWTtCf fe?TtbW f ? t ?? I
t f ? W t t - ? t t t f t f ? f f R C f R W f f w t e t fwft ftR? *nt^ t ^ Rtftr X ( j - ^ L . ^ L ^ ) 8 w?-?tf t f ,
2tWTt?WC?? WW f f WT il??WtWS f j 5 , W R - ' w T ^ ftWCftt wtft-'wiw, ?/fet f w f ? w r w f f f f t I t f ? t ^ t w t . t f t ? ,
W J r o w f p w f iIf2ifftWft? WfWffRR?WtetfWif3?t ftwt? G t t i c f W t f R f f t w c f t t f t ftct? t ? ^ t w c f t r i f f
fc? ?t?W bttWW? I 8 ?tttt 1?, ^bd/oo iltfitt, b-lfe t f ? 'f|T ^WRIW? f e w I w f f - f t t W t - ? " t W t (ft. ib-o-?o<b) W T C f
f t t ? fTt?W? ft??lt WtTCf fwt?-ff%R'i,wttb?et,wt?l? Cbtt WWTW t f f t t ff?CW? 1 fwft ' W t t t t C f wt?t? w t i w t t
f e w i l t i wtlt-fffspf f t R f t f W T ? t ? f t ii?5f5_ta,Cf?t ^ltTwtt?PT-ii?f i f f f f ^ f c w I W 5 ftet? t e t i t ftft i i f w ?
f e w I w t - f t t f ,1f1?f ( f ? T , T t . , e - i o ) i l t f B f l W t??Wt W ^ wiww^ flwc? fftfsw ^ e t ? I t w ^-itiR (f.)-ii?
f e w ilt?WW3W ( W l t T W f ?lWtttR-'Wt?t?, S t . , Oibb-iO) w t - f f wtftf ) f c f f r ? f f f ?sftwt? t f t t R??tww wicf I wft?
t r f ? ^ ^ ^ fCa? I tf>5 ffW^ i ^ t f ^ fCtTCttf. W f f l ' t ? c&'3|f) Waf? ftfOT?i <tf?tet f f ? f f w t f f f c ^ I t f ? *af^.
t t w f ffSCftt
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Contents
'wmm Rîiln ( S I )
an?,tSt i ( i ) t s n A i m m , wrn-f^'wrRr, i t . , t a i o - c i
s r t w bfss>rsner wrmm sslsms 4fssicA') i A^W V * A (A) w H - ' t s s - f n - n t f t n , : i t . , 'Soe; (<) wm-nnnft,
m T M t i f t s 'wTS5s-stA"mn-*is mwc^ (Ao^/ b-AA-Ab-/b-eA) f f m ^ - f n w t f n n , ^. ib-, n t t n i A 8 i ; ( 8 ) m t n - m w t l t ,
c*iswrcn twin t % m n w n sinm srsm s m AS I mn^-'W-w'^ (Analectes), ^ ^ t . , Aff8; (e) WTn-ffw"^,
ar^tft 8 ( i ) t s n AmiR, wm-f^-wrtsn, it., i^s.; ( A ) f f n t ^ - S ' w T w , 1. ;^<ito; (to) A. Gonzalez Palencia,
t s ^ - s n m f , w r l N , nt b-is: ( ) nrssmft, m ^ , tnn^ i Morosy Christianis en Espana IWtfedieval, ntRn
E. Levi Provencal (E.1.2)/ f A I ^ w i % ^^mtn iS>8e t-. 1- ^'> C*^) E. Levi-proveencal, La
Civilization Arabe en Espagne, Ito t . ; ( b ) cnt^,
^Sfmm t^5?Rm ( ^ L , ^ ^ ^ L _ - t ) 8 tsn
Esp. mus, i t . , A18 I
"ssTSfn, mrfn-ss-"t1nn, mmm^rns l a w m <pfs mfttwrss i
E.Levi-provencal (E.1.2)/
w m - f s i s f wtArm fATwn-'mnmgrns w ^ ^ m m^^
>n.m. m. nt^ffn nAmn wîtst
^fsmcAn (f'fmwn-S'wTw) i os/in m m % R t n m r n n r ^
^nrnit m r f s srnn mm-A'isnn, f ^ 'mHfs-mA-nrn srnn ''srmmt^lwTm ( ^ i j ^ : ^ ^ i _ ^ ) s ( m ) t f n
f A i m m s mtsnnnt'ts ticnn i wtATs # s f m m i f csnn mtft *wTenn t n n A i f s m t n n 'wmn nstrm wrn-fntft, mm
vaRmtn^ w m mm ms m i csssn m^ wrm nrs, R t n mnsrs f t m ' n m (g.) w t m ssfs i wiAie<f m s n f nTAt%nn nem t t r
s t c m ^ mm ?msjT mnt (fna) flenn .iist ^^mr wîcns nsm AS I f^fwtmm Swn fscm fnmen fwfn ^gss^m n g i n s e m ^
(cwm) w r f s ^ - s wfsnr^ flenn i R f n i^ns/b-b-i m e n m f ^ A ' o m n n n ^ n cticas cnm f l e m i mm w m c m t t mm
t R ^ sscsn I nsfn fsmen wtms titR t i n , f f ^ R m m ssR ttnm-s mm titR
w^m t s n A mm sf^w wm-fss-wrfsn-ifis ns m'em mw n s n m i^cn<3 fwfn wtAm ssfn m m w f f c m nem cgitep
f?rmei I nsf? m m n m f w r % m w s s ^ nnfnw mi tmew wfnîft f|ciH I WtAts m m fstss t t f n fsmmn wft 'Smm
"mmsin t f n t f s m n n-mef ^-issf? fs^rfs f m s t wrmn s^ R n w fsmmn wtms tcs>s # f n w f l e m mi wtmm 'wtsstn
nttms ^fsms S ^ sftsrcA i tAm fssst m\ wtms sfnife m f ^ (m)-'an cm^mtt nsm ^fsmflcm i
stsnn mn i fwR wiAts ^ w i s nciifnew amtn twnwn mnesm nsfstw wtcA, wtms f t w m t m m men atRm t i n (fn-nm
it>ir(|vic=i <>cvbirs nrwnmrcs ^ ^ me n w AtsiflwH i S ^ m ; ^ . wtspi-'wtnin, ' s t . , oeo) i fwfn <3 wtms ctteats c n t e w
Rsnet mrnsm t n n R m r m m âm â^^^ n]Rnicn S't^tf^ tat stRnm f w t ^tn i îssnm nsjnte R f n c n t sfRnra ncm
s s m . Atnrc?, fnfn cftwAnt e S^mnw nc^m wTsmff i '^ftw lansfS wfemw fnc.ttn I f^ftsnm m n j R iAtcss f n ^[^c
wtcA, f ^ tntns a n t sscsn mt aiwTiswnnncn ntet f R m wttitm ernen, w t n f w R m^ fnns? wtntw fne t m i Swn
'fn.'*ift'*i' at^tim wmnigcn n t m wtc^w i n^cmwm ncm n n a t fwfn n f F P i n nffn wifsicss cnrntt smt w n i tme
fwfnt f l e m mm S T R , fsfn t i f n t m wis'nrcm ' t n n wTAra ncm w m t n S m A S I fwfn t n m n ajActn wm n f m t m
'wmm* (âfssnt) m t f f s sf^trm nntjt nsfne* n w i nscsn I ntfpgaiA (n) >at mro n^rsresn atAet m f l e m i
j m n (afs Ate ^ osfsn R ^ ) - i a s wTfm*mf? wrms ajR R f n 'wmstmm t n m n aJActn t n ât t n t r n ^ c m , niî fnwn
wTcmn W T ^ 1 ffJi m^ 'SfR ( L ^ L L I ^ ) ?fs ^ m >fint n f ^ wlwmen R f n c m wtAm cttcian cmnswnnA w t n - f 'nran mnss
4tAin ^mcmc' sphere)-* M l t ^fn?lTRcnn i ffn
'wmstn w t m ctiai f m n n - i a s fnss? fffsm m n limt fnewn
n ^ t s sifrt R t r s i o flenn i ff^ nmns unrn;? m m sffsnl? ctt^îtm c w R T wiAfs f t A i f m f m w niA'^siss mftn
n^fnw i f l s s f ? ctinn M s sscm m-, t m îfsmn ^ s m S ssfrsfsw s n m wn?? t t m w t t n cttcan cmnswcns Rss? f^fnm
^ "sê ntimtm tcsn i fwfri w m s ^ ffnm mwtcn mn I 'winsin f t n wtfssm n ^ ^Rtrtflcm >ant fnw cttcas m
t n t a m f t f n A n ^ fswen (b/too) wttstAt nsfnntflem
SiEsnens nn ^fc tfw m âni wenfR^wten f ^ Ate, n ^
(fnsmn fncw -ass Aims 'Jnems ^ m S c a t fssic^'f) i wtmess
m^ I Rfn W T S T S fnsf f r s wr^rem t f i s s f ? w T f R fnsftt
f w i a m n ^ - f - s j n c m ncm t t i w t A S i wimsr f l e m n ^
ssRnflem f tAtn s j R i j i l m w ^ wmsst, cm, f n ^ n^
afwtnm^ m f ^ , niAteme^ f ^ AC m n ssfnm tt ^fnms w m
m t c f W f m n nsfnew tttsw i wtAm S t n nstnia ^tn'S n^fcgtRa^
^l^-f^tA ( n ) wtfett ^ n t f l c m i SeftT f l n , wtttenness cnftm
(Rifs---) wRcmt w T r s m s s m t n , f f f mfwcmtfrfntt tAtew
wmm<3 t n m n atAct wtstf ^ e n (fnwistn-'wtmn) I
t n m f fntcssm
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wFi-'wmtR t w
^RRn?ra fiiw ( ^ o t-) Tfwftf cttai sfi tl%n f f w f f f ^ ?sew I i(f(j-/RH? Rtet f r c f w t t w f t t T t i t T
? W ftRRPTOi? tttU f ? t rot t t , W W *WtWFf W t K W f W t n R C f t t t f ? i R ? f t ? tRwct w t t f r o ,wt t w f w ro,
fesra wvf ro (Rffw i l f f t f - p i ^ w wfwtmt tft t t R i t f f f ?twffe f r o w f w t ffft3ro f i t i f t t t
ro<R I w^w^ (R) W T s w f fffm w t r o witro R f w t f w w t ? t i t ? w ? ftrow f w c f t c W f c w ? WW f f f ftrtR
Rtfit^n c w m i wtTtcf Riw row 1 w t f w c w w fwft ffw f f t w f l c w I icW HHd-b w e t t f w w t - w r f i i f f w wt??
cttcai ffftw RR m i ffft? t f f t % r o ( W ) - m wrwir t t w W3Ftet? t w f c f w t t f t f t ^ ff??if?ct? f w c f t r ? c t w t r w
f f t w f i c t f I w t r o RWct^ t w -^tw w c f , fwft t w t ( w ) - m f f f i f f W ?t?if?=i 1 R R f r o ilt wfff f f f : f ? t f t t i R ?
WWR <5fw f f w t i c t . ftwc ^ t t t f l c w I t w W w t f f t t t f l c w I fft iirij/b-o? w e t t R f t t f e w i
fRtw; fwft t R T O fffCB tRfw f t w f f w t f l C W I fwft fifttt f f t d t s ( i ) t ? l f , o t . , i c t i ; ( ? ) t i W f - f , -f^-, % i v 8 ;
R T R ww-ww fftcwJt, cttttc? ttwttfttt w t r o ftft ( o ) W f f , cit., % Sbi t.; ( 8 ) t ? f t - W f ? , e t . , ^. o'l^;
T t f ? rot f f f w I w t r o istî^ttcf T t f ? t<Rrfifct? ( e ) W R ' ^ , f ? W , 'bt., ^vb^b, >i>t., b8 t.; {b) Fragm.
t e t ] t t t ftt'?t I w t r o tiRt<itt t t w t r o wctwcf t t f t Hist. Arab, (de Goeje and de jong). 225, 227.265,
ftwro?! 275. 284; (^) W!pl-t1?lfft (JuynboU and Matthes).
f f t f t w c t 'îwict? t n f ^ tCtI f R ? Wf-fftJtCt? RlCt i t . , S. f f f ^ ; (b-) W t - W f t f , f f f ^ ; (>i>) S , Moscati in
t i c t w t r o t t f l w t ? ? j f ^ w w ^ f ? t I w t r o sfftw f t f t t t rientaUa, 1945, 309-10.
t w o i l t ^ f t , ?W8 ( i ) f T W t w , W T f r o % C ? "^ttf? K. V. Zettersteen (E. 1.2)/ f ? t w W f t ? ^ t t t ?
t f t f t w W t w - ? tctj R i t l t w ?t?lf?R; (i.) W T f f f ffro
f f w w t ^ f t t f r o t t w t f ? t t W c ? 5 W ftfwftcw; ( o ) W ^ - f t f t , t t t e r o s t t t f t f f f f w ?bltô! I t ? t s ? i>i>o/
f t t f t t W T f f f t tfwc? w t ffw WlC*t f t f S t R f C f ? ^ V Q V w e t ? t w f r o f W ?? I f r o t i f r o ?rw csiw? w w
ffftl(?C1't; ( 8 ) f - t t f t t W T ftft tttww t t f fTOCW t t ? f r o c t i a ! ? l f w ?icw^^ i ? t I f T W t f t f f t e t f T O W - i i ftw?
msft t f t w1ro t w c ? ^ fff?tf?ct? ( w t w t t i t w , t i t t t row I t t r ' 2 ^ , t w ?? w t - ' w t T O F - m ffw f t r o f w r t ? ^
8 V , f . ftW, f . i^) I f e w I f f f w we?, fwft ctttte?t )><to/<{bH w e t t R w t f e w
f f f t w T t , f r o fffwteft f w msft f <3?tw Risff 5? (WR-t1wf? W R - W t * W f , ^. i O O ) 1 Wt-'Wtrot W f W f f f
w t I f r o w trot f f f w ffww? <lttic? WtT rot f r t w s ioo/ieo Rtet w^tistTt f e w m i w t t t w wftt-ttft w ( t T
m w ? t f t t ffftict f w f f w f W ro 1 w w f r o tctt c?si??it ^5(?w t w f W t r o i i f i t wfc5t t f , ^. eê w t - f f ?
w w r o t Rf^ptw? w w w ww ro w 1 w s s f w w t r o ??Ptcii? ?^ê?j? t f WW wt-ww'^ f w f t ^ , sj. i?br w w t
wacfa f r o f f s f f f f w CtR f S w f w I w? f r o ctt t f t ^ - w t w R - m t^ctj? t f WW w t - t f w ? s ^ t fffwc??
?sftw ffctt tcgtctttj cttsfte R h f r o t t w t R W f ? (<it., oeo) I
wfv53W fRfit tftttew I f r o ' S f c r o # w w t w f f w t m f f ^ wtw ro w I fwft
f ^ t ^ 0) W R - W t t f , i o t . , bS-<\^; (?) t w f "Wtw, if"btt w R c?it t t e t f f t f ?BW wtts f e w i ctt? t t w r o t??
f f W t f t -RR, ^. 8bH-Ho; ( o ) t w WR, 8/?t., ie-i<\; ( 8 ) f W (^. i-bH/ 'Vrs) f r o f t w ? b r o fifRlS? f R R f T C f W W
W f Wtwt, W t - T t W W , J. 'bi-'bO (fffw tCR^WW), ?i8->!j, ( ^ ) ^t?it 'Qtit ( W W ) w w t i f f i f t t e w ( w t t f , et., ^ i o
ffi^-o; ( C ) t w I t f t , W t - f w , f f t ^ ; {b} f f t t t t f t - W T O , WR-ttf?, i O o ) I w t f t f r o f f f w t W C f ffwtft W T
f f t ^ ; (H) w t t t f , f f w t ; (tr) C . Rabin, Ancient West wtft WTT f f f f f w T R i f ? - ? t f t - m f f ? t t 3 t f?Ct? I
Arabia, R ^ i f e C i t-, i t f w ? f R f t ^ f t w w w , W l f r o row t t w f r t c f
G. E. von Grunebaum (E.I. 2 ) /
wtwTtw? w?ft-wt-Nro?Ttef ftf^ f i f w f l c w (5. ^ t w ^ t
i). m . m . WTB? ? ? r o wiisf
w t t t f b - t . , oeo f . w t - t t " ^ , i o i ) I
wrtBi-*wnf^ ^-m^( x ^ ^ ^Luji) s tw p t r o .wt?etffw wi?tc?? t t ? fwft t f w ? tesf f?ct?;
W t f t w "WtffW? f ? C t t t f w W f R - ' W t r o i WR-RlfW?" ffsf '{e? fWTttWR? WW w f f ? t f e w t w t fWTTfSe??
t f w W f WtRt? W R - W t f R - m wtt I 'W??tR io1>/'\<tb RtCt w f t R WW f e w ( W f "tf, b-t., o<i^) I w t w f t f f w w
WWWW f t f ' ^ f f f c w W T W ?sew I t r o f? ?R? t ? t f w t ^ t t f f f b t f e t ? Rcsf, ffef? f f f w ?T?*w t w ^"ft^-^^
isiw-^ntf? f w c f w s i - w t f w '3 t r o w f f f fw^ cîw? t C i ^ f r o C?IftWlf f i t ( W f t f , t . , ib\r, ^Si) I- W f R s
t t w f ffSewt
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Contents
oi%A
m , t f R m > # n t m ? ss>a^ nRrr? WTAt? '^fwT t f t ^ t t w ^ t t n n f ' W t n m , eA<?; fÂfnnw, ioA; wtn-tf, b t . ,
S m w r t i fin I ?fT ST[ fnfn wiAtw t?fw l^?ifAW'T oeA) I nwmen wtAm ^^fnrnn cn wm nattt m^mrnncnsRt iît
n^^cnm nwiwt armt w i lat wm nsfnm tm^ armn w , R R
n m A? n m w r f n n j R n n wTAtn atfw w ^ stn^r n#?nf|cnn ftwtenn R^nfîw nsRcns wfntft flenn g
ntAtn w t fR atwtntrf nnn#Tt ntw ^^fnsrflem I wTAtnt ^ "Sm? t?n wtft ntf'wt, fnetn nsfnm wTfn,'wm-wfA'?m-
m^:^, fnR fnosfs ^ flenn, nrnt^wimnc^n nfsn flenn (g. wm-'wtn#f, mmenn nbnrn ^^fnwm lat fnetn twfw (a?# :?wa
wtn-nin'^f, fsrw, sn., A o i - s e wtn-ntwfn, iAS.; ntn ntw w i wtAm ^mnwm fnnff carfnew nnmf^ ftfwn
SestT, WTAtn f r a t wtn-'wtnntn fnniTw wTf ntnsn wtn-n^f (g.) f n m t t t ne5 ntt, ??t m^'^ (caicnn mtmc? atfw^) â ^snrf
-n nw mm) I n t R w j t ^ emn nT%n nflw wrn-'wtnstenn n^nf (R=5f)-? n^nfnns bRca? a t ^ nfSntcA i cn nnfn fwR sftmt
f l n mm R ^ wtm mn mt i i n R m tn^n-^mfn (wTn-mw^, i>R?lCA't wtAlC'* fwR lann m fnetn nwfêw St^tftw
iAb-) f'wrfn^ w T f n ^ - T n n wTn-mrwt^ (wTn-Tf, e n . , ^^Rnte^ cn, tm stew n m nm m, fwR f% c^nn nwtfnfwss ctn
oe8)-iannf|wwTAtn w t n n t f f I n m n f n n t t n e n A ? i n t a ^ nnnnft ajcmn nsRntcAn, m tm wtm? mf^nw wfwsswm
WTAtn mfnn m^mf fnR^ nw m m mn i mTn-wTn# wfwnrf^ I wtm? n?5n ^^Rwtt cn c?mn wtm< eaten? at?>tt wtm
e n . , A<?8 wjmen i b b / b o o men, mTn-ntw'^, i o o ncA, wtm? ?5fnwm mfn^ten? nftw ntfa^tfn atcnten? n'^'s
tn^ftf^tw wnm ii%:^ / bo^ cnnns, i i n t f w, m . , enf^tc mmrnn( f m n , tnî^n, ^j. i8b-eo) i
Abo wfnten wtmn n ^ fnfn mnmen wTn-mfn-ian f i i n n n ntm s S ^ , cmtrff&mcn n m nm, wm-'wrs?tcnn nsfnm w t f
wm-'wtnsTenn nftw' nT^, ^fnntflcnn, wrmn new ,m f^mn-ân nsfnwt t ^ w^ -^wg i ctem^ nsfn? ^m?wm
is>o/bob-iiin -mn (wtn-mw'^, i o o tnn mf%nstn) i f ^ catRrmn atfw tfgntnf^ a t w 2tf5 i wm-'wmntenn nmitt^
n n n mtn-'wTnsTenn n n n f l n sftn too nnn i nsfstw wTeA, A ^ fln nwtftfw^ c a m m n # t w ; wrmn wm?Tm lanscnen i wrm?
n ^ nsfnntn S e w ^ n w m w p # n fwfn tl<Mn w n lan?, n m t f R f l n wmtmfw tmfww, mm fln nAw, n t ? f n
WtAtem nnntn m n m w r a ? ( w m - m w ^ , % i o A - o ; wttfnwTf??, nswnsm wtf f ^ m e n n nMt I f R n wfstn i
wm-rnn*^, m., ass) i atnn êw wm-'wtnsm-'î? ^^fnwm cn wnfarsm Smn ^ n
WTAtn f f m n n arnen nn^n wrmn ? H i ? f n?sfA w n mi f latment mtnit nsm m f w nn cn, tm c w t ^ atwtcn f%?m
S m Sîfw wtn^ten w t f n t f n w m - ^ ^ m w ^ nt'jttw a? (ff^n^w, arrfm w t n f n i^fwcAm atfw jjwrcntenn nsen stmcA i ?sR c?
itoo, i e i ) I w m - f f ^ R n # n f n s m n^cnn {'^, i e i ) mm nmcw m n nsfnem wtmn aiic<? fnnnf? R c s h i <>Re^ ^ên i
wTfn-mtmw w m - t n m A t f wrn i%w wm-'wTnsm m t f f w atnew wm-nrfn-ian ffmn wttfntn mwnnnten nnfenn nrntlat
n^ntn nmmn '^Rnte^ i "SmnimA t f n wtft? (f. ooo/i%iA; % ntci)t nftw fnRim wm-'wt?stenn <pRî f?m? mn?sen? wm,
wM'Tf, b t . , oeo)-iin #nmmen nsfnn nbnm ent n ^ wtn nm tn?tfn w m - m R f ^ nw ? ] f ^ m 'Zwf f%Rn ftnten
tmnren atETfnw A? ent n ^ csnn w m wtm mt I t m n nmnm i ; ^ ^ (^. w t t t f , tot., ibA, b t . , itoi, oe8-to) I
wnffmn cn, w^tw cnnnsenn mnwt ^ni^Fcn wtm? i^ n w n^m? t R wtm? <isRÎ? atfw wtstA atmt ^ftntcAn wenss ftfSw
Wf
AtsicA (^. m n f n l f n^wf S ^ fn^tfnw n"=int, a>a) i ntAtetm nem ?Rntcin wm-wtft'w, t ? n f "wmm, w m - n m ' ^ f ,
mm n t f "w, s n . , Abs-ia Scan ^fnrncAn, wrm? wm-?il|c}>*? nw nfwfstn t % ? t , w t f ntfn w m - f # s nw
nnnnfm m'^fnftnfA f?R^ f a ^ c w n t f t f w A t s t f i n i nRtns njf^ fnfemm mmm t n n "wrfn-n ( i . t f n f 'wmm,
wm-'wrnsm-ian nbm?# m m - f ^ ntnsnn m a ft^^ wrt-f^'n, eA<?t.7 fnetnw w T f T f , b t . , o e s t . ) i tme
m>fnfne ntnfn^w wtcA i ^fff? wm m^ (nwntcn mm n^sm rnn atntf=r A?, wtmn nsfnm fw^ fw^ n^fSnt^ nTf%;tt>s Stemt
m ) stew* nt^<=t atfw nmt AtsicA, mm netnwn?s ncA, niRe.ttRcn I
tt|n iA>>b/ibbo, nnnem-mnmcn tf^tSw iotos/i>8s, ^ . <a. w t n f ?sfnwm tfÂten wm-'wtnsm t?fn-wtA m^-'an
t n n t f m m^ RtRm, f mfn-'wt??m t?fnn-wiA*nt^, isxjo <>Rî? ?^ nf^^mc? R<f? w t I f n f n n c ^ attesm lat
men mtRcn mft! wfncn entfw i n^smn ntfjlf^ f f f ns nsfness nfwit nntn? nsm st (f. t ? n A"mn, [w-rsf m-Atmm,
<pfnwm nnft, w f n ^ t t t nt%^ ânt f % i ms <j>R^t? wttfnctn i Bereher], Abe; Peres, la poesie andalousc en
wm-wm?tcn? f n f n n sfnwwncm nfntfmen fwR c?mn ntntn arabe classlquc au xle siecle, 54, 411) i wtmAnw
(s.) wsft. catn ntapr^ nsfnm cm^mm n m t ^^fnmem >i)ti'ij cn, ctt^^n^^ cam nsfnmn mmenn a t ^ tfwmfin f ^
tnntf Rtcmn
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wH-'wwit t?ft-Tn%i
votTOT? Wtrt f l W H , W l ? i J t f f w R C'Rt? tttt? f i t I t f w f l f ? t w ? (?) 1^. f i'\-?ol-il? f f T ? f? ioi/'t?o

i l t cwcs i l t c 3 % ?5f?wi? isptfttnwt f w ? f f w t w f w ? ^ wet tttef? f t t t f f w f t t f f t f?iw?-ii? ttftffe f^
t W i C ? Rc?fb t t I fSff WWI? ^ t W C t l W i t f . R w t RBTC?? fwf?w f r o WW wt-'-iiit^ttef ef?t t w ?t i f w
W!#St w r o ? b r o ftff f t T R?iw:=t? csti W?ccw i Hell w t w w ilt ffegr? t t w f r o test cwtw? f e w i w f t
Torcy W T W ? f t W W f t t R C Wtws w t T O W W f W f ff?wrf io?/'\?o wet few W W ro i i t i w R f f f t w ?? i f i f n
t t f ? ? 5 f e i M ? ii?i WTfiff ttftcw f r o f W ? f w f T ?5f??tW? I ?tfct? (% HS'S-s) ffwfwfiet f f f fttffws t f f t ? W f t w
f t ' ^ ^ ( i ) t f ? f "W??!, R*? (de Goeje), (?) flet? I W W ? l f t (t- H88) t f f t ? f f ? ^ tf?3 fffct f f f
W t ' t f , f?rsf, S t . , i ( ? 8 - l r ; ( o ) W t t - W t f T f , t t - , '^^M w f t c f ff?w f f f r o C 5 f ftfct? ilt? f w W W ro?T?
vsff?-s?; ( 8 ) W f f t t f , W W - f G W f W ? ' , ?S.o-v5; (ff) R?R, tsfte^T? ttl iifcttet t f w ? few ww f e w i f r o t w f i t
i o ? , i f f i , i b o ; ("5}) W l t - f t w f ? W ! t - W f ' W f , W f f t W f W t , t w t n ffwwcf f i j B f W I f f s f cw ffw i ? V T 8 8 wet ff^
i?t., i ^ V o o ; ('t) ?1f W, t ? f t t , 8 t . , ? 0 0 - 8 ; ( t r ) t f ? t f w ? tfe?tf few ctit.cw i f f f f t t w cw tw?Ti f f w
'ttfftn?, t i W I o i f e ( W t t - f t ^ W t t - W t t f ? - ? f w ) ; (fe) f f f ? roro (% Hss/do) WWCf twittw ffewt f e w iit?
i i f . f w t t , ' W T t ' ? ^ - W ' f ? , ?t., ofeo-fe; ( i o ) W ? f f , io?/sffo wet ?-Tfro-ii? f t ? t w w troife w t ^ t t t f f f f
Wftt1-R1?t- 'Wt?tf, f I f W t ifeffo t., 8oi-<j3; ( i i ) J. Hell,
tfwftt f e w I
Al-abbas i. al. Ahanff der Minnesanger am Hofe
f t t ^ ( i ) ' i t f , ?f-, iifeif.; (^) W f f , '^tt., offo
Harun al-Rasids, Islamica, 1926, 271-307; ( i ? ) t.; ( o ) W W f f , f f ? - , 'J. i'to, i V f e , o<5}fe; ( 8 ) G. Weil,
C.C. Torrey, The History of a l - A b b a s b . Gesch d. Chalifen, it., ffio t.; (e) A. Muller, Der
al-Ahnaf and his fortunate verses, JAOS, 1894, Islam in Morgen und Abendland, i f , 8 i f f f.;
43-70; ( i o ) Brockelmann, I, 74, S I , 114. (b) W. Brooks, in Journal of Hellenic Studies,
R. Blachere (E.I.2)/f?tft wft? ^tft? i V f e V . s j . , sj. iv?; ( H ) J. Wellhausen, Die Kampfe der
Araber mit den Romaem, N G W Gott. ifeoi t-,
w r m - ' W l ? ^ t ^ - ~ S f f ^ ( ^ j J I CH ^^^)
'J. 8 o ^ f.; ( V ) F. Gabrieli. in RSO, ife08 %, f .
f f f f fs|t W T t - W f t '\off-iff)-il? f i H I f f ? t W ? I t
ife-?o, ?? I
CTWtR f i c t ? I wtwftitfct? R ^ t t T j m c w ^FWt t i f t w K.V. Zetterteen & F. Gabrieli ( E . I . 2 ) /
f r o ftff^ fc?tf5W f f w t ? W W f f ? t f f t t t i d w - t I f t t f ^ l ^ wttt? ?ttt=^
w i t - ^ s w % w f f w f t c w ? f t t WCt f f ? f w ? wm Wtww
wnw-*rttm "sft'Tjf ( u j - u i CH ^ L - - - J O '
t f ? 'wttftt-wR^ c?Ttt? w f t f f w i w 'jtitsct? W f fkwftw
vsnt-fwtR-t-ii? t t w Rswtct? ii?5W? f t t f r o f|ct? I f ? ( ?
(Cappadocia)-? w t f t "^^s 'Q?^f4 f f f>s?1W t t t
f f w t f w w t t - W f ? ?io/tr?tr-fe W C t f W C f W T t - W t f W
t^c?? I few f t f t t f t f t f t t ? fwwft t t f t f f f t r f l r i w
t r o ft#<rf f w w cwro f t t t f f ffettt f e w ii?? ctt t t w
wtt-'wTt?fcw t f t t w f c f ?3i5f ^ t t f t r o titRo ?? I
? t ? ? T ? t T t f e t ? ffw;w few R R fff ftf? few i
f f t t f ? w wta? t t e t f t f t t w f t f f??ft W?CWt f W I
^ - s f i ' f t - i i ? f f i ? f ? wrro W W W T f t t ? ' i f - f ? i f i t
ftft? w ? ? ^ W W ? f ? ^ t t w t w i f t f w I wtw
^ ^ - f w t R - t ffw? ?iWb-^^ wet ''iti'Mif Rswtw w w t ? t
I^f?tftfct? tc f f f t ? f w c t t if?t www?-wR?t vv/ct
fc?? 1 w t t - W f ? f w w tf'st-cw wtwtte?? WW ctt^twjtiftf
Ho'\ I f f g ?t??R5lt? '&f?tftfC^ tc tw? f ? t C & WT? t3t? fffwtlct? wi?t?t wtt-'wt??ttef t f w ttttt. c r o t i f w ,
f t t i w fw I ttf^3 Rtf ffew wtw weft wew w t , w i f f f f r o w r o f R '
f ? ? f t t w R f ? ^3 f r ? wm W f W W ?^ W t f w wfro wtftcT? f t t 4R?t ftfwtlct? I wwst? f f f f r o t t f f
ff?bttW f f w t c w ?ft?t W W ttwct f f f f t t T C ? I f w ?t?j?tttf? f f f t fftftt ro iitt?tct?cf ftw fffe t w t w I
t?t?t tw mus, w t r o f w ^w ^tftw ilt t t w w1ro vow t f w wtw? wttf? fT? f f r o tcRcf ff?
fftroiw f f w T c w i t r o tetr f f f f t t w f i t w t - ' w i ? ^ > n ? t t ? W f t f w t t t f ^ t ?sew, f<3?tw ( w t t w w ) f f f t sH?,t
f f f feo/Ti? w e t tttff tt?!-? CttTteSlCftt wfttt? I ^ ? t ? t few, tnrttftrttet? fftwew f w ?w f f f w ct? iit?
w t w w c f t t f e t ? wwf w w f t w t t t f e w i. wt-'wtroi wtt-'wt??tet? t t f f ttttf? t t w t t c f f f T w f e w i t r o t?
f C t ? ? e t ? iifft>sf (Antioch) W?e?ft f C W i f f ? f f f W W ? f f f f f ctttcf f r o c t ? ? f ft?Tfw t i t f ^ f R t f '
tRo f??f f w t f c ^ W t w t t e f w?tw f?e t t c f ? 1 il ttttt ft? f e w ct, W t w ctttttftf R s t f -^tf t e ^ i
ttwf ff^Cflt
t.ff.kjdo
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Contents
OS.8
<at w m cwnm wtn-nffenn f ^ tn stc^t wntm stnr mtmen wm-'wmmens mss-R men >iissf& artntn fln,
Sfet%i I wtn-f'wtf5f5i-IIRA L I I W R wtnn cnnttf Swtnm tnn. mtfntess wtem?^ Sm sstn nsm AS 1 armn. Smew wff%w
"winnim wtnn cnntntnn wnc^tmn fcnten n#^tm w Ssnntfn wm-'wtnstenn wmtm tntn nief g. wtn-^nf,
^^RnTwtn-'wiHi>iw fntgnw nnttm mftniflenni Swsns ^ msfs-ntARn-wtmn, went ioeo R, ^. A I < J I
n w a n 2tf% wtn-'wtnmenn nsifn-s wmtn ^^few n w ar^tft s ( i ) fnnmntnA, ^t., i A i , is.b-, t., o i o t.;
stntfenn i ff? msnean F N N N a t w stnt nfwtn nsnamtnttm ( A ) w t f f , f n t n t ^ - f A " i m m it., A i ( ? ; (o) t f f n - w t f n ,
fsim cn-snt ^n i wtn-'winntnm cst^pmn n^nt sn mt F W F N b-t., 8 o e t . I
AAo/b-obr nten ntnffsF-IAN ^mninten tRmn <ran i.
M. Canard (E.1.2)/fArwT wtfln^mtn
sr^tiff s ( i ) m'f-f; ( A ) wtmf; ( o ) mn"^, fnrst,
FNNênÂ; (8) Wtn-wtttf, Tables, Fragm. Hist. Arab, (ij5oi-is.es.), fnftft, cntssffww, t t n ^ ^3 ntffwcnf 1
(de Goeje and de Jong), '^z, (<?) tnfn-Wt%, fnmS; (to) wtscws w,^mfn fbfsAm ntcstm snsiijfn men is.oi nenn A S
E. Marin, w t f wf^mn fANtn tnn <sfiffn wtw-w tnttf-'an The wclms wm I ftm n-snf w t w wtf wtsnn Sff^ flenn 1 ntwm
Reign of al-Mu'tasim, New Haven 1951, F N N ^ i mn ^ntnn cnm 1 ^ttcs <nsiiifess mm ttkftmn, wmtn ftwm
K. V. Zettersteen (E.1.2)/fmmi wtf^ ^mtn w?en ^jmnt mt ijen twrsm w n 1 ^ntnte^ f ^ m f t
tfneset tffs c t m ^ nesf m^ mttcnn t m -s ttRntenn t m ,
wrfsT-'î+jiH t:f:s[5T-^-^nm
wtt-^fntf wtfn-nmr'n nft flenn i nft Amn fen fwtn nnnstft fmetn tm.wtmcss wtfn nsfnm '^fnw 1 mttn^ men <ans fw
nm fnwtetn atnm flenn i oeV^too men win-fmaffn "fjm tftttnnscmmm ntnesm nftw ?sfnm nfw wm atR wtn^ An
tn wtme^ fvsnmtt ftfrn-m^sm {3. fnmf) wm >sm^ lirnt nnnstf m ^ cmmnns cAtene=tn nstcA attn nf?5 nftw f^t^
nfsn t f n mmmsrtn-van nft mus Sfenn mff^ atmn w n I ffn nfnttenn mnt ^ f f ! ntenn ^roif ttcns-s wfs^
nsenn 1 ffg ^mme^'s Sftenn t n f cn-sm 'stn m 1 oeto/s>toi flenn âstsf nsen t m ttfAcn 1 tm f f i twcssn attn ttenn
men f'tfin-m'snm tf%sstenn tn wtmn fai -a S^sntfnmft ^m I wtn lat cnets fnfnn nntews wenesst nftw ^#m cms
mtfwnm wtn-wt'ntne^ Sfenn ten fnemt w n 1 wtn-'wmstn fnemf fln 1 ntwffw^ wtf%n mm wtnfs nfn nRstflcnn,
:j'|;^jtf-m'3nm wm m tean fnegiA nnn nsfnew f wmn nscsnR tw mete^ t m n ttnt# (n) nftwess wtcnn nfnmcm,
stntflenn 1 nrstimtT^ (A'Tfwn), fffwrftn-ian tapm, wfa wrssm Sifn wnstfn ntntfwss ttfsmfn^. atfwfnwm
wttnfwns n^? -a t f n ntntn^-ifin nwman w t fwfn n^fn ^ I Aft fens ma ttffet ffn ^jntnte^s wnfam
oes./s>^^-io men w w t ^ ^ 1 t f n wrtmrnn-'iin n^snean ns#^f|ts;et atftt w w n w n 1 ^gnnnt Alt f n ^tew n r t ^
w t fln, wm-wmntenn fnf5 ste fwfn ff^ w f wtnm nfnew ttt n m ntwttf wtew fbtssm ssenew f ^ mw sscsn r
t>lftslf|en^ 1 nR^ stew wtnmetn tn wtmess ^Sism atfwfn ctent^ wtewn li)^ fnmn ntAffen ffn fnegtf ^ nsrit nws^
mew nn-=ft w t A S I nf^n tnn ntntnsfTn ttnen tnntenn nesf tfnfbw sn 1 ÎAICHS t f n ^ ntn^î nrn^rctn wm
wtn-wmntenn ^n-^ts wfn^ nr^nr wsfn nsfne ttenn mt 1 t n t t f nft wtc afenctn R t A ^ S ^ -^Rit ens 1 âenetn
otoo/s>si men wtn-'wtsstn fRnt w w S f n ten fnsRemRw fmnn nsffwcw tm m f t r ^ n^ntntet afRtf stntCA 1
stenn (tfn fnnnst'emnA, oiA) iîn?.tfn 'mmnwtn-ess wtmnt wrssm S ^ is.00 nen ssfnnsiwm ftw nt^m wcsw ttcmc^m
^^fnew n w ttenn I cmttfew t m csss -îî^ 1 'cw IssDiit ^mew wmtt^ -a
afpm?^ wm^ t f n mff "nrm emet tcvsn 1 otoV^so men t f n n f t w f ^ f n f f ^ mm (tsm ntn mtm ensscvs ess.wtn.
mffnim wteftten wtmess n=f w t AS >iint tsn mffsrf n R ^ , wm ftf csnses tfsw t ^ fng) wtmess mmm nscsn 1 ssfs
fnewt Sfcss t n mw w n 1 sirnm m 'wtntf ('wtf ttenn nm f n f ^ t m ftfSn attnf^cw fs cnn ttenn sm'a wrssm
nn!#)->iin 'JCA wtn-'wmstne^ w n ^ ^^fsm mm AS mt w^ Sifn iffstf^^fnfê fn c m fesn m n 1 ât ^#Hfts cs^\^w
fnenn nesit cnmen fwfn t f % ^ w n 1 nssw fsn atentct 2(?tn tnntf tsnf? fln '-a nn snwfenn cntwm ctcn <aem
wtmn I wtn wtmn nnn fln a-ss. nnn (tnn fnns5t<3mn^, t^ I ttffm n t c f m t w (is.8to) -a S i ^ fRt nnattn
t- oio) I tm cs^ w n I tm ? ( i ) " n ^ cnets cses ftmm
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fftm f t ct cwt f R ' ; (?) Wtf c r o w i t Rtfwsit ff C?tff rot? I f f f flet? ttwf ti^tw? wff3rt c t ? f i f r o twjtaf
tttCt Ct' 1 f r o C t W B f o met? t l t J I ft? Rt RW I W W 5tfg-wt5?t iicffc*!? t f w p t f t c f ? W f r o f ? w t t f i
?o8 P ftt f r o cwtt tp! tJtfttt? Cttww f t t l R Wmff f f f # t s ( i ) w i w c t f t % t f w iiftcf, wtt?rt ^f? ( f f f
i f f f R t t R t t W o f tlftt twttt 5tRt 'WtWtt tfct? WtR-W?ft W W . ) , ife'Tfe t l . , f , f t ; (?) WlW i l f u s f , WW.
ro' (io>!ji) ?tCtatf|w ?t?llC? I btfwtRtR (wtf^ftro f R ctttw cret? twt.), ifet-e ti.,
tvC?W?t ? t ? ?t?tt? tt t?C? f f t t ttlWCf ? t - W f f f . OV; (o) wftw t l t t , f t t W W , t l t R W S t f b R w t ^ r o (t
fPtftf Rf% W?t R ' f f ftsSW ?st??t ilCtCf f f t f RtttCf ftWCft^ W t 3 f t f twt.), i^Hb t l . , f 88; (8) t t W f t f f t t e ^ R
fTO t c w f t t f ttrcw? ^ r o f t f t k f i t , t? cficf t % - W l W e t f - m W t f t f WlW Wtfttw? W S j f t f f , t f i , RltTt io,
t l f f r o CW3 ttfct?t
m^ CtWf f f f t ??, w f s ?'ft2tt W t % ifeb-'b, bH; (a) ff?3 i l W C s f , WT<WR t f ? (ro^cfi^
t ^ y ^ f t f wfWt caf WWCt? RtftT R f - i l f R tt? fC? cftwf ?f5w), is>v? t l ; {i}) wtro ffft f t ? , wtrot t f ?
f twcw? t^ t?]f?^ cgfcf iictfwf? c?fttt c?fttt W T R I
1
wtwrot fit wftw ^ Rfe tcffw i t?i cft?c?? f w ct, c? f T ^ twt? t t f

f f t w ? w s t f f?cf?tc? Rtftcw tfe WlW? wtwroicf
'*ll*tl*1 % J f t (I î^) s ft?- "wf f t e ^ f a 1
t w e t ? w t t ? w? fc?t, wrot f w t w t t wif f f t t I wrot
ft-ft-'^ i ? o o / c t e ' ^ iHh-h Rtet ww t r t f f g f?c?
^tet? R?roi? ?sf? ?s|# twrot t t w t , l i i f t ? w f t t f ? ^ W f t f ? t fC?? m i i o W W t t - t t W , i?8S>/?C Wdt??, iVOO
c W f t f ffft wtrot t f ? wt?tt I ftffwT? wtcWRct? f r o
w e t t % w t f c ? ? I f f f t f w r ? cwjt f s w ^5tct ft?ctT?
tw? WtWtt t f e ? ? W t f catfW'ft fS3iftcwt?t ft? w, ftiWRCt? t ^ 5 ? t f f f t f t e w f w - ^ w f l c t ? ; f t ? t f r o w w
twct?ef t t w f f t w t e f tfrote? tfw^ ft? i fft ?se?f w w B i ?icfi>| t l c t ? I t t c t t f ? e t ? tetr f t w w f r o f W T C ? ? ,
t ^ twt? c w w f H fc?t ftRwt? f f f t w t t e t
1 ffcf
f r o t f r o f?f, w t f t w wtjtw t l 'set? f f i r o m t i
f?{itw? t c f i f r o t f f t r t f t t w f t f t c w >iictf?tf?
wt?. fw. ^ttSt? (History of Persia, 'J. i?br-fe) f W C f
wt^sitfttKW? ctfTOiettet? te^sR tes i
f t w t ? t l C f ? R f t C f W t w w tjr*4Cf t c g f f f f w c ? ? i
w?itw,'fe?it, tt?tfcB? ftw f f f ff?wtc? w f ? ^ f l e t ? m i ^ t w fttfw,
t f ? f p f t r o ? i f ? wst3Ct? w t s f t f ro
is5w wt? WIRI? wtttttf, f f f t , ffff, we?ff, w t f , R t f SpTR fC5e?? W t t f f f f f f 'ZtRrct? tWtWT? f ?
ft f t t c f wtwt f f c ? t??ie? ft??fe?? ftff, t l c t ? i ^ltii<i<ii{ii5fif ^ t t j t i t t f ? t c t j ttettf? t t e f f t wt?-^tw
Rt? ?^ t i w f fte??, ftcf? w^fitw fte?? t i f t ? f t l c t ? i rof^ f e ? t I t f f ?^?itt wt?t?ttiiwR stetcf? tw?? ci?tc?t
f r o W t s f t ftw W W f e?R, CtWCfR ctcttw ftcttcw? tlct? I wttff tiw? w*R tcf f t t f r o t f ? ^ wtwttc? Rff
c w f t f ctf ro? 1 w f ??, f f f , f?e? cfRs wfwwe? twff t f t w Rtw' f c ? ?
igt C f t f t f ffft ifeffe RC? w t f t w ? t f w t - f f -af? (ib-?i-ib-?o %)\
. c W f t f v s te-Jitc?, ifefhb t c ? wrftfc wtwwtfwf c w f t f ^ t f f ffwt? f t R f t t t WfWetf tfwWR fc?? (ib-oo
f t t f R c t ? wffetfe? i i ? i i'a&H t c ? c ? ^ f t t f (?^ wftw) t.) I t r o f t f f ? 1 t ? (ib-08 t-) tt^' "wf fte?? f f t
. t e w ? c w t w ? fc?? I t f f f?cf? ctet ctcf >3wte? wtwet? êt 'wT?rot f f t t - ? f a sp.-twt f f i w t e t ? t^g?ttf?t? w
wiffwf #?c?? ttttt f r o ?5t?w tfftc?? I fC?? I
ifeoi R? ^c If? tsftftw? ftfwte? ?R?tR ?5t?e ttcro i f f f d t ? ( i ) f? twt w t w ? ro, w-wtf-WtR, c?ro
i f f f sfct f f ? f f w ffwttero w t r o t ^1??^ c f f t f ? W f f t iooi ctt? ft., f f f f f f (?; (?) R w f f f R , w f t f t - w w - t

fR I i?f? ft? tfwe?? f r o t t w c t i>i<p51 ro?? i f i f f w R f t t ? ttR-f, <t., o8?; (o) J Morier, A second journey
fcf f f f w f f f ^ t f t i t ^ f c t troi flet? 1 f t f f w ? -^tet through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor, t ^
WW? w t f t w f t t f l t ? i e f rot c?Rc c t i t w t ro?? i t f f ib-ib-1., f ib-C f., ? i i - ? o ; ( 8 ) Maurice de kotzebue,
tttWf, ? f t 1 t t , RtftWtfflf f'SlItf tlct? I fttttf^t ftfbft Voyage en Perse, fTttft ib-ife t-, ^'S*; (^) P-A
t3! wttw ?15RtC f T O f f f i t I fTO 'Wtttt ffft Jaubert, Vayage en Armenie et en Perse, fTttft
ilflt 15t1ft? ?Cttftf Wt^51#?? -Bff I ib-?i f, 'j. iCi-T?; ( t ) JRAS i V 0 8 %, 1. o??; (V)
rot? f?t?t t % ? ? ^ ' { c ? f ? t t ? t f ? i t ^ f f ? f w t i c?tct ZDMG, ib-8b- %, 8 o i ; ibr^bb %, % ?S>8 1

f t j t f r f ttft? f? f f f iio<\'i>/iiS>a-<!3 te?? o o f f ^ m tttwftt L. lx>ckhart (E.I.^)/ ii.m.m. tt^lf? ?m? f ^ B l
t t w f Rjiewt
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Contents
"wtssm nfs"s?iif
L u c ) s ist'os f-sm fn"m^faTs m s t f n m f t - t ttn-t w t s t f , wtA'ntn nrntrenn

wfsicns ifl^^wn <^f%Alfns51 -vttAts sif%=tw # s n n=mf csRt f f ^ "wtft - t t t ' -a "wtnfmAS "wtft - t mSf' ctn t i A n t c f t s
wtm s i s m; wcs fwfn m^n t s e s ( f n s f t m nssncss w'f) w t wffn^ tj atmn w i
snsmsnff ms>asif wtssnm msmcss wmwn mmt flenn i wtms a r ^ t # s (i) 'wtnsm nm-anif, wA-mt-t wtssntntttt, n ^ .
m f n f s ^ s t A f n cntfts mwfsm^t \,ooo fnm wfst wsn- t n t f ^ , msn iSs^S %; ( A ) Sir H. M. Elliot and J.
cmncns wm w ^ n t n ^ n nt ssfsntflenn i f f ^ ntfn t m Dowson, The History of India as told by its own
so VifJ-Ato men tnntfsssrs ssesn, cswm "wtnstenn fnmnA m s n Historians, St., ooi-soo; ( v s ) Storey, i t . , eio-e, ( 8 )
nrstffn ntnâmf cntA bfnm mtcw mm An i cnn m^ f s s8 V I. H Siddiqui, History of Sher Shah Sur, wtfntw
ies o men ftncffs f f o t f w n ^ nmwt 5tAn ssfsen fwfn tnnts iSsSi t; W S. A.A. Rizvi, Religious and
S^ wf^ mnn ntmftne^ armn nscsn i t n m n mA fnâ "wrsstens intellectual history of the IVIuslims in Akbar's
ftwr mnn "wtfess Sm mtm ^^Rmflcnn i f f ? sb-Vi<tss. nen reign, nntfnft is.se t-. 1
Sm fsmm n^ nswss wfsf A S I "wtnsm w t n wtsssess m 1m% 1. H. Siddique fE.I.2)/wtnfn m ^
nsnsrf mfmn A " 1 % ^ mssfs w n i s.so/ieb-A men fwfn
wtssntcnn wfcmnasen wrAts fstnw "^-m-t wtnsnrsmtr', ntm
'^rfSTt^T f ^ * ^ ^l_ui) g attn f w s f ttnnnswT,
ivio 'f^te'^ wmatAt nsfnntflcnn i fwfn wtA'ntn w f n ( t .
mstsem "wtftn-t ctn 'mf' men mnfsw, ar^mfn.nbm w n i tm
isSio-ib-ito)-ian fat iantfA"tmn "wi^n (s.) cttat i fwfn wtAm
w n m c n n m A f c s n 'ans1?#sfafîm?,atfwwcf esstn tfwmn
mm t s n t f n ( f . i o nc^, ib-8b-)-ian -^mfwfn^ An i fntmnen
af^ncA I . ~
wteniActs n n s Ate^t fwfn fnenfens atfw f m m wm c t m t
'lA"'^-t wt^ntnmf' n t n nfSw A S "^tn w ^ t f t f n stwntt ne t t c w I f s m f nnes est nssn ntmn mfsw s t m f i n fwfn
tfwAtenn fnnsnêw nfstw A t si f l n mi wrnsnrn t f ^ cnt'sfne^ f m t f n fnt^^Fiss sfnrn ncn nsfnen i nsiewt wtAm
fns^ttens wm cssm mmtt f l n m i âtsm nfsf^fwc mm new c^'sfn nwn ssmt f l n m^fn i fwfn fA'tmn "wt^ w n s
wmsmn cntss csssn wmsmn mnens ntArm n<îmet wf% m w Âtftw w f s n t t t f n , nsn-nsmtrm, w t t m ^ w m m ^ n t a w
S'fsc'o mes I f w m t "wtssm W t A m ne^wtnsmnenn wStwn=mf atfw^nnnfA s ^ ssfsm cnn, lann f% osntt nts a t ^ n n t t f n w
fmmst wtntcnctn mn^s mn nsfnstem, atfwm:^ fwin wtms f s w m f A *tn ^^fse wtent cnn i wcnss fnetrf, fnetnw w t #
stew cmnnfw nmm wfntf! sv0 n m i nsfsmflenn mi cntn?it Sijfbif cs> fwin nsti nsenn i w r wrms n r w e ^ attn t t e w t
n m wnmnwnss sfnrn t#smn AtîcA c n t t t e ^ fwin nwrcss fmncn nsnrf afwm nsfnew tfc^ i wmfness f1?t tf%m grnn
ntjfSw nsntn atnm m t s t e ^ i wfsns fwfnTstnSnrnatwj^snf's- wtmn S t n ff% titew ttess i fimcn wtnw'^fmw-'an atmon
flenn m 1 ctn mcAs #nn w # s n n=mf fwfn est fnsnt mn fnncn "S^mf t # m n nftw wrsm ne=^ fcSn wrmess nntenn
^^fnrnem wtAm nn f f f wtm atm nn?tt f l n mnântnt wtmn ens mi nntenn fnfnnes fc^n it- '^ntt, ib-ei-cw
wmwTDin nnnniAfw wctm fw!%ew, niAtm c m f 'a -fscns w f e n wrensswffsm â nstsesm nmssm e s n t t fnntetn w f n % mw
mssfn nsfnntflcnn irs?. ntAiens nftw wtms tnsiftss n l f fnrnrnn w I lat esnttf? f c n w tn nfsw <>fssis tRs>5iHt'a nsm
f l n I cntf fnwtnenn atmn wmwr t m - t wi"wm "Smn t m AS I fitfwte^ iat e s n t t at^gf? f l n f c s w t m tnens nsnt^
m s n t f n n t t s n ftnten wtmens fnns5 stew ctn ttcAS w f w tinStnTsî
n t c f w f n r n n nsm fmaesiwn i fnt^tîw wiestActn fcn ctn t i A "wrssm wrms w f l s f S ^ , fn^nm n s f t ^swtens w e t
fncw 'a WtAm fen wtAm ftm S^ f m o m t e t s t nsnmf flenn i w^fnenn nesrt wnnnIn mmtm csênn i Scatr,, tpmwj stmes
iflt w e t ctn ttcAS atttfnns #nn n t c f "wtssm s s ^ wfAm cnt nssn n t m s f n ^ ssrsssmt amfw At? i f l n cnt'sfnn atfw
ms>asif wt#nenn fnnsS stew n t f f w wetj wcnss nw nw f t n s wtmn R s i t ncmwtcss nsen Smens w f w t t t s ^ s t m mn i w r
nftm f^mtcA, ntmn f f i f f f "mfns-"wiw-t f t w i f t ' e w atts wrms n t w e p attnfncss nnsstfn m s netE a m t m i tstew nfss
f t w t f m wn?n?t n-Rt mm f s t nsm ^ n t c A i "wA"^-t w t w m cstf f f ^ S t f w AS I wrmens 'nsnwm m n n w A S mi
t t f ' Smn 3 p f ? ne^ ctn ttcAS niw^sstcns m^ atsm Ssnnict c w m * ^ tnmfnwtet c^nmrn f f t m fnm ttfnstfncss m w ^^fse
t f n t f ^ 15r?f? ctn ttess afttfn^#sn n t c f wen^ fntn fsnst msi nsm stew wimcns W S I I A R cnâm A S I m m mm fss^ trmwr
wtms ngmnss^ m t e f 'sn^f'^ wtjtfn atmn ^^fnm ttess i '3 f n n f s lafwAtfnns wtmn afRfSpntfnwt 'a R c f f c n s atfw f t m
t n n t f m^ ntntt^ wTAtfens wtnen nffew af^nfA, ntts WTSCSS cnti^csiens wtcmcss nntjt nsenn i lat i&RAtfnsscnn new
tnmf ffêssm
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Contents
'wi?TOi
i t ilWlHt 1?|Cf f s f t f o tlR.M'S! 2ftW W t t w TOT filTOf R^Rs few? tt? t W - f f t t 'WtTOl R ' t f c f WtWTR? ilfW?
fftrw t|w ro? t roat f%t? ?ftsroiw? tf?TO w f r i f # 5 WWtTftf ftWTR W ro? I f f ? atfCt tWTfCt Wtft?
I t r t f r o o T f t T R ? <R5 t i w ? tfrar tww ror ' ^ ? T C ? I ff?cw wcro ilt? fc? fwctro f t ? ro?? i cttTO -^tcw ctf
R f TOTTOTft (Sammarco) ilt fR^ WTOW sjRl^ rotfTO ftwrtwTs g t t ?sc?? i # ? c ? ? cft ftt'sR f f ?
f^WT?tTtC^ f w t t f t ro?? I ftt? i!si?? t -
'wrot WTTO bRM<! TOj wttTTOt -jstr: ftR^ -^tw W f c f t w c fftf ? t c t ( i v ctgnnft, is.??-ii? f f t i
tT?5t I i t fftRRr: t f t (RtW-'S TOR fTtfTR Rft C T O T O ) ^-RT?? ?nftR-il? t w t f t t t f (^. ifei'T ftWR
TOfR f R c ^ f l w H w t t i o ^ftt, iV(2-8-i| W t T O f t W f!Wf (B.) Wtft? (Wfttf) t w f t f ? t fC?? ( i 8 W#, iS.??) I
wtWTf W t f W t#?ii T o l l rotj ?wtt- t f ^ w?t ftfji Ctt RC5f f t l ^ C t f ? " W W t R - t f tWCf C T O t t c t w
ilWtw : w ^ Wt I f w t WW f?-TWt w t t (B.) WTTt wt? "^CW ftRC?? R s W t C ? ? t f ? f ? t ? W ? CfT?
f t ? f t ? ?ftt W (ilt ftWiW f w ? t?TRft 'Q ^fWCtWlW
f f f # t s ( i ) Precis de Ihistoire de I' Egypte par fro RWTC?? trtfTc? fctiwT fit w, io/8/is>??-ii?
divers historiens et archeologues, vol. iv: Les ttfTft row?, ftte?? R?ftft ffaft? fteft tiWT ic/8
regnes de 'Abbas, de said et d'ismail (1848-1879) w f t c t ? t? Ob-) I f w ? RWR WCSiWfW f ? t ilts^ f w ? ftte?
by A. Sammarco, Cairo 1935, 1-17: (?) G. fe?f ftftw ror ? ? ; w t t R f r o ctf f f f t t f f f i t i cft
Hanotaux, Histoire de la nation Egyptienne, ftw ifeoi t - ct w e t f f ? R ? w t e ? ? w f t WfttftifWc?
vol. vi, Paris 1936: ( ) J. Heyworth-Dunne, WTTffC??!
Introduction to the History of Education in "Wt^TR R ' t f ? f t f a f i t S f?"TWt ' W t f t - f f t t <3
Moem Egypt London 1939, 285-312 ftt^ 1 f?"TWt 'W?ft-f-Tft? I WtfT^ f W t - i l ? R?Wt? WTlCf? f ?
M. Colombe (E.l.^) f T R t w t R l o W t t f w ? f t t f a (wtt ?o c f f f t f , ib-feSi.) trwffftft ff??et?
(regency council) RtW WRtfw TT iiti ifeff? % w T O ?
*^lMl>i t^'W^ (^^^ ^L_^) f f ^ , IffW? C t f t
^tew ftR?cf fwtwff ? @ C T O T O f ? f?w ( ^ ifeffo) f f ?
fiTitt, i S wwt, ib-'TS-il WT^TTOftfgTO W t ? t tsTRt i l t ?
ffttet ilfTO fiwffftft f|ct? I
? o f^fWra?, i!88-il (Wctwr? tfWtft ftRt I fwft WTTO
fff# % ( i ) Lord Cromer, Modern Egypt,
w t fT'TWt ' W f (a.) fwrawt w^ffw ctctftWft
London 1908: (?) ^ c t t f . Abbas 11, London 1915:
(Theresianum)-il wtnit tsTRt 1 b- W t f f l f ? , ib-S>?-CW fwft
(o) G. Hanotaux, Histoire de la nation
fw? ffW fWfWt Wff-il? fWffw WT I R?WtT?T
egyptienne, vol. vii; ( 8 ) Hasan Chafik, Statut
WTWTt? f?f?t tftrW? TOffW fftf f B t t f w T O f s r ^3 ts?Wt
juridique international de I'Egjqjte, Paris 1928:
R w t (mr (R? I i t f t r o w f i f ? f l t f
(wtiTWR? t R o f r o
(ff) Mohamed Self Alia Rouchdi, L'Heredite du
rorWt fWT? ffTR WT? t c f t t trtft?. (Sir Evelyn
tome en Egypte contemporainc, Paris 1943; (6)
Baring), t f caTTO (Lord Cromer) fTR W5 fro^TO
Abbas Hilmi 11, A few words on the
(Lord Kitchener, B. ftt?) 1
Anglo-Egyptian settlement, London 1929.
iS>i8 t f T R ? W f S WTR t t ? f f t tWfW W?^ ? ? W t ?
M. Colombe (E. 1.2) f ? r ^ wtft? ^tlt?
'WtWItR'tf tsTfCt fiTRf I CtttTTR f f ? ^RWCt f t ?
t#?llf|ct? I ?e ifei8-il fWCf ?WT tW? C b f rot ^ C t '^f'^tR't (<_..ul_L) 8 t f f t W t - W ? f (iffb-/llff-i'3sfe/
f f ? W T T T iltlfsRlTO WW twriCt t t f r o t TO I f W Cf? Tb-ff)-? f?TT, t f f t W t - W f i^bfe/Hb-ff-iSo/'lb-'b) iHo/Hirh-
fR CWTCt? few fCW CtttTO f f ? C t f f ? tW^T ^tCW f t t f ^3 ifeo/b-ofe) it??, t f f t ?t?ift-?Tfet? w f ; fv3?!?ftft- 'Wt?IW
fttfct?cf t t t f t f c t ? ftrow t w t f ? W tftcw w ^ W t T O I fitft f ? t ? t wet Ritrot f?T ?? I f ? f ? f ? t ? fw?TO f?TO?t,
tcwttcw tntcw ftartR t s ^ w t ? ^ ?? i iif w t f ? i v f f f f r o #?Rffet f? w f ? f f j T I I f f t W f f W R (f.
f f R ^ f f t f t f f t ? f t t ? C f WlWCt? W R w ft^ fftf f T O vio f ) f i ? e t f ? t ? f R ? f t 5 f f ? w ?T5f ?5f?w ?5W ro??;
ftww f r t fc? I ih. [icty? ctf? 'wwrt ft-tfcf w t w i ^ C f f ? f?WRWfcf T o T i fftc w f t c t t f f t ct? wr?tCf
roT T l ii?m?iwt ' w f ffttc?? cmk ? t w ^ ^'tr?? ftfttcf ' W ^ T T O t f t f t r o CTt, i t W f f ? t f ^ t f r o i t t f t t j ^
f r ? "^wftft^ ftt T l I f f t w ? f i t I ? f ? w f ff?we?? f w e ? ? ?TTffc? f w ? TO wftw
t t w f ftfCftt
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ttst f t w I t r o f t t t f i t w T f T ? t f t irtTTit ' W t ^ T T t (<_i_jj:) 8 t f t e f ? i l f t t f ^ , wi?-TO t w

w t t - r o t r f k te^ f r o f f c f i f t c m i wt-ittftfro f - f t - i l ? ftTi 'wi<witf? w w f w e ? t r o w t WW ?tyic? 1
t ^ Cft t?cw f f f ttttt f a t f t t r c w I f f f f t f f ftftt itfte? t t w f t n f r o f f fititwtlctt I f r o
fftt >^f?tftf i l t W t f t f f ^ f l g t f C t t t f t I'TO'stcptJ, troi'sw??-ii? f w t w ? w - w w t w t f w wtt-f'wft't-ii?
w t f f>sftt f f f T O 'wttront w f c t ? t t c t t ct wftft ftwcw tft ffwe?? WW ?itcf|ctt w 'wttrort f t ? w - w w e f
t?tC WfftCt?TOt i t I w w w '^fwrftCf? W5 WT- itSf-a iitfte? ?tct f f r o f f t i f l e t ? 1 c? fte? t t t t f f w e ? f f
i l t t t w c f w f f t ? woTft i l f f t ft?t f t w c t t Cftt f : f t tfBi? ?ttifli w r o wTcffief c?f f f f w w t - c f i ^ ffff
Wfwcw I t t t t i f f t t r o t r r o 2tR tftt f w t c R ? f f t f ?t?llfl1 il?? t?iet? ilfft? TO f-Tf-? 'w??tw (wit?tw
w fftwew, f t t f # s f t t f >&f?tftfw w'wt '^l<MItW f t r o ) f i t I f ? f S f w e t f??f6t 'wr^ron w e t w t f t ttc
i l t f W w f t f t f e t t ? W f l t t t t ffWCW I f t t f W T O Wfft ftcf I c t t t t ? t w f i t ttffro f e t Cft f ? ? il?? -sfTf
i t t f ? i l t f t w tfwftcf tT t e t f f t e t w i f t c t ? tfl f r o ffwe? fc?f f e t w?ff I - s w f f w f i ? f t w t f w
i t t W f t w 'Sf W I w f r o t t t f ^ 80 ?t? I t r f?{% i f f t t'sftf Wtst, f f t f e f Bitter Seas (wtt-f?1??tft-
c?, f r o f f f ? w f ? f f j ?? wwe?? i j f j ? i i ?'st? f e f I f ? W ) f f 3 f f f ; ttlfCt t?tef t w ^ wftt-wf? W
??et? i l t ftte? i l t t t e t ? c f t f f t t 1 t t f f f fict m i f f t e t 'stif Wttro I
te? ?t, i t t w t j t t f t ffiwff I wftte?? t iifw? t w f f f f t t i w t f c f e f t f t f wtfte?? WW i i t f ? ? t t w t t f f
t f t ? fe?? t t t t c f i l f t t w t f j f tif c f ? t f i t t r o f?*tW I fettwe? ? T t r o f?t '5t I f f f W t e t ? c w w e t "s w t f f e t ?
f f ? w w t T ffsftie wfwe?? f f j ? f? 'wrtron? ff ?t*iitli witet i t fttft'tw twetef? i i f t c f s fit 1 fttfw ^c
w r o Cft? t w ? t t e t w I f ? ? f c t t f t t t Cftt f r o w i t t i f f w t f ? t f ? t t f f ? wtfte?? WW i t f?c? i l f f t 13%
??tTw?f ?it? t t f t t t t t ? w t t fftwew I ''wi<tti wfwe?? f r t t f i t I f f w ? ?i?ff. f f ^ e r o we?? ct fff?? t w
Cft t t e ? T f ? e t ? , i l t ? t f wT?tet? f w t e f t e t t wiewR tîiitl'i w r o tf?t ftcr i t f t f t f s t e g t cttttc? I
f t f t t e ? I i t t t t i e f tf% f t f w i H c o % i l f t t -a ihoa t- wt? W R f f t t f f t w w t t f ? W t ^ CWW-S WtT 5t wte?
i l f t t f t t f t f ? T i t ffttf ?? i 1 ? f ?t?TO (f. ifei8) t r o w I tiff w t t - W f - f f f ? ?fTOc f t w e ? f t r o *ti<Mitit
t f ? 'wit-'wt??TW t t f ? - w f t ' ttet i l f f t i^fwftf t f t i r t ?s5 f f W w f t f ? f i t I W f j f f t w ? w t t - t t f t f t - f l t f t i l t
?5W fc?? I w f f t ? 'Q 'wiwTTO c f t f t f t f wt?w t f t n e t ' s ft? f?<iftcf wf? f t f ^ f f t w t l e w 1 f t t ? i t f?c? w f f f t t ?
flt?te?i w t f t ? fffe? 1ftftittlC? c t f R f t t w 'a f t f ? W T O ffttt
f f f if 8 ( i ) wtf f 9 t t t / f <STO, t W I . t t W t r o WlWf, ^. fe?? I f t t t f f f , w f t f i f i f f w ? fffe c t t f t e ?
iSS; (?) ?tf , vst., ?oo; (^) f t f t t t f f t - ' S t t f t , f T O , ^. ?itet I i l t t t l w w f ? t i w t t i T f i i f fteft ^ wie?i?t
?iO, 008; ( 8 ) Wit-WfTf, ?o t., >s?; (*J) t w f "Wttt, f f f w w?e?t 'tcf W w f R f t w t?3iTw t??tft? Tro f f f t
otR-tfWTft^, ^. ifeo; (b) WI-W1tlf, o f . , bHb; (H) i J f t cftstt I
CttCf? W f f W T O ?t^ f f t t ? tieftff f f , Zotenberg, w t f w t e t ? Cfet? f f f f f w WTWTW ffwfet? w w f f t ?
8t., S'bS.j'^b-) W f ^ , f?)W, Ist., v^sb-; (fe) Fragmenta cfg fit, i l t ? R w t c? weti t e t i cttrc? g t e t ? tetsref
historicorum arab., ed. de Goeje and de jong, i. t t t fftrc? I ilt f ? ? f t wetf f f t ^te w t t f f >s?^
307; ( i o ) t w f f t r o 2ttWte?tffWIt-tWW, ?t.,ooo; ?l5iittic? I f t ? t Off w t t t ^ - f f f f c f w t f t t i f ? ? il??. fc?
( i i ) t w ro^, ed. Dozy, ??fe; ( i ? ) t W W f f t f f f , w t t ^ f?c?? w R t f w t t wtftfftt f ? s f t t t f t t tet I
i t . , 8bd, 8b-i; ( i o ) t
w W f l t W , ??. i?fe; ( i 8 ) t w "Stf f?5fte f tit 'wtf? c ? ^ t t t i t f f f I t ? i w o t r f
Wwtw, f ? i f t - w w w (w?fft-wTt?T^'-ii? wffro ftltf), f f w wspct? w w ? ? . f l t ii?? cw? cw? c t t c f ? te t w e t ?
i t . , (2-8; (iff) t f f , f W f t - W t , ^. bx (i-Js) Witf W t w c t t f ? f T O 'witîtiet ftt fftc? I w f ? f e w t i w f f f ?
-sW-WtW, twt. Habicht, St., ?fffe; ( i l ) G. Weil., f t t t r t e t wit^ttT? c t w t e ^ t t wâw ro w 1 w i t - w t w f f ?
Gesch. d. Chalifen, ?t., i o s ; (ib-) A. Muller. Der tfWct i l t f r ? ? w t t R f f ?? w t I w f t t t t i tte
Islam in mangen und Abendland. i f . , 8bro; (ife) ctcfiftrTO ctiwfitt? ( f . ib-?i t o ^ t t t f f f f ? ffcf ?iw?
Chauvin, Bibliogr.,fft.,i-isbr 1 2tR t w ? ?lff I 'wttfitt f^tte? w i f ?1TO -a tiR-fif?-ii?
G. Horovitz {E.I.2)/f?tTOtft3?tt? t t r t f ' Q f f f ? f?c? fftt ^tte? I
t t w f fffCflt
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Contents
Wm-'îlt'MlPlSt
4Xf# 8 f i ) J. Maspers and G. Wiet, Materiaux, srtmenn ^tt. m t w t t m fnw i strmcnt sftn tnmfn
MIGAO, XXXvi, 1245-TO ^^Rw MM nt%n mnntcnenn i^tetn wm<m ^ t n nsenn, mmm en% mtfatntn
wm-nlffft, m. MIFAO, xlvi <3 xlix. index; (A) (St. Cyprian )-m 'sjRfS^ atwj^tn wfcms
sn^-Rf, ifeto (o) A81; (8) t m m f - f R s f , wnm, ot, ^tcnn wm wttnn nsRm^tfnn mnjfn nt%nn wm wifw
ioS)-ii, ioa-, iObr, iOS), iSbr, Irt., iSi; i l o - i , AOA; i<t) Ste^fw ^ts sscs I -attrent fnfnfn ttnns nsn%t%itcnn
t f n tmn, ,mm. w e n f^m^, ot.^ â, iô, ib-b-, wf. fwenn nRs nt ntncsn nR i R ( i j i o i i i ) n^ fnfnnesn mn^
Wiet, ii, 74. 143. 214; {*) mft fA"TOn ^Tntn, Les .nm AS I w t f mnnji^ltn, wi^tfigfn wtn wen^ fwcss liittcn
Tulunides, t- i81, iSi, 51^ i ninmt tsn^ wtfntf ttn^tt ajAt ^fnntflcnn i tAsf? fnntetn
G.wiet (E.I.2)/^^wtRt^nttn S5 Atc^t wtn-'wtsstfnntcw i f i ^ ttssttn ( ^ j _ ^ i J I J ) - ' ^
tAcsn mntf^w f m s fnsmn stw i mfS nnmR ns
^sft^KT^ ( J L , L L - L L C ) 8 mnenra wen^fn ^ t ^ mn;
sststtntn (31 jja) ntwftn ettttns (ijû.) twrm twfs ssm
wnfcm nnte'Wt nfsfbw ntnmsmn (wtf. le mtn) mASW (wif.
Atw I sttn tsmtfenn t n n ^ ttn^tetn wtnen
tob mtn)-ian nsm^ fntmn msew Snn mtn-t mn-ian me^
wtn-'winsifnntc wen^ sjcstwf s nnmfn <3 csnnsstR cf s f^fS
wnf^ >ii^ f s R ^ c'ftn mAs I lanten tnn mtA 'wi<Nin (g.)
An I wtf tfstfn WtAntn i^m? fA"t tiR ntsnsmtts ( ^ ^ ^ m
wif, ii<p tw wife tfnntens ixral? nnfw "^tnn ^Rm%nn i i(o8
s . S i ) fnsftt mm ntAts atsK s^tntnetn latn^G ntsf^ wtcA 1 ~
f. cnmen cwn ân^wn fwt nftm wifmTin ^sjfw nw:f
nts^tttten sfin mR n s n s t A ^ sfnrn^tnwn ntn ntwntf
mfbrnflenn i wtn 'wmstmmn tfAmm wtnstn ftnm (s.)
wmntenn wmsTsR ^ ttm mtw wtn igttn ttew ttR
Araxce-ian mn ^ (Nakhcuwan-ian Rf5) fnntt
nssstA mt stw 1 f^^ tnntftn nswR ^^s/bss ncn
n#ntfAenn i ibAb f. f R mm ât *fA?f? mn ten wnf^
'wtnstfnmn nfêt wfcn sisxMwi n t f ntwnAnstct Sms
S A R cmgn mftmn (tete-de pont )-nAmPintn fnf& m ^
^ciif^R* A S I wwgtn wtn-wtsstfnm m^ cms tAcs tRtw A S
enGnTA? i
mt cnttcn m^snrf sjsnif cis snR tfwt Sei 1 ftnt#
V. Minorsky (E.I.2)/ ^^ ^snn^ m^
wt3Fnt (<?n/iit twrftn nsrwit) t w sm cwnew t?ffm
^rtT-**il*itf*iill ( C J ^ i-:^!) 8 wtn-wm<3ntenn fwn tte^ I ff^ t s n ^ nsten fsnwen f n ^ t t m mn 1 cn f?m
mtn nf^t-fj:< t^pftffm (fwSRnm)-n artftn -tAn i tm iji)-m Stn wtn-'wtMi(>isjt n t f wnf|w f|n is.ô Smn
nsim^-wtftfnm wm-nsm'nsn-nsTfn-mw tfnfbw i tm ff^ wtt tnn nsm 'sên wttntf fctn wen^ wfj f>ticas nmn
ib8/boo ncn wtfnrft ntenn atfwtiwt tfmftn tnfn-wtfntn mm ntn 1 w m , nfw f n nesm f^ n^m tfbw lat e^gw
fntnw A? r S^ ncn wtmcss wtnn tnnjcnn cnw f^ti3i RgmTtfCA tstss (mmsm, ntnsssi) Rnn (fnwtw)-ian
R(iitcA< w e n t*p51R'Sis wtfn fnf>^ mn- Atstfen i R R wmstf winces wfwet tmn ssm AtsiCA 1 Scfti, wtrt-wisoiRisrs n^
tnntenn nmcn tAsfSn ntn mctn wf^-'wt'tfnm i tAsf^cw n f f n wm^tn fln, wmem wm-nsrsm'sntens attn <&RAifn^
cntnnmm, nrntrnm, mwtn gnsf5 ^^g^sftnnRn fln i nnfwpin wtfn^'wtntn (a) f A ' t ^ tnn wtA'ntn tnn wtfn (f.
nRo teen ôlt mwwmn fnm ^ ^:cmRw cnnmwnn ooo/j8(i-)-'iin ntn nRctcn Segtemtj 1
m^ ftmn fln i wm^ntcnn fnmn nnfwenn w f w : n ât sr^t^f 8 (i) ntntfnf, -^fWA', A O 8 ; ( A ) mssf, wtn-
nntwen^ f w t s ntn^ ^mtcmfnw m^ nr^fnt wtfn <3 S^tn^ ntmRr^ (de slane), -ÂS; (o) t f f f ^ (de Goeje,
mfwin wm ntnf^ fln i tAcsn m e n ^ fBns f|n, wmem Descriptional Magribi), % <BA-% ( 8 ) tsfn-tmf,
fmfnf'tw'sR wm n^f^ i nrp-ntAmt (nntn f5^), ntfn- wtn-ntsifn-ftRn, ntte^sn is8b, it., b 8 ; (a-)
ATfn (cntA " ^ ) , mn ntnmn (sttn fsntm^jatAn wtftn nft Desvergers, Hist, del Afr et de la sicilie (tnn
wtn-wttmn tnn "wmfnatA tnfnn-wtn'ntenn mntfntcn) mt ttnênn wfntn), trfRn ib8i b^-b; (to) G.
^.
ni<in-fA (nifs f S s s ) ât n ^ fB<p ^ fness wnf^ f^ ânt Marcais, Manuel de 1 Art Musulman, titfnn iSi^to
nf%n fness nifn-m'wtm (cntwtctm fBns) i tACsn n m ^ win- f., it., 80 I
nisHR men m^ fnm? Sffsp ^ f^, cntttcn enmmftfn H.H. Abdul-Wahab ( E.I.2) sptwwtnfnnt^
fbnst^ntn <3 tnen^t (wtnn) wfRw i tms wnfwfcst fln
^sns^ (5. Riwt)
wts-nmwi mntn ntm mfntsj mfnten wnf^ >ir^ mcnn
mifnns (g. "wmn)
tnntf fntemn
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Contents
Wt 800
WR s m a n g o , t ^ t s t t s iiftrrm W t w tfWf wwtew ff?8/ii?i-oo w t t w f f t flet? I f t ? t i l f t t

fb??R, f w ("suiiftrtw t t R w ) t r o f t I t w t i t wrctffft ?Ptftf f i f f f f w c f 1^ i i f t t i t ? f f r ? ? t ? t f ftt?
(OFfftw, fjiftwraftw), i R t R # ? i f t t f ? , t t t t t , wtSffi w?wT?-ii? f ? n w ? - t f t f t T f ? - i i ? t e w e t f w c f iiftt
( t t t t t , t t t ? ) , w f t t r o (fitttm) wfiiwt ?tcvsc? 1 CWfWW ? b w f T O w e t f t w T I C w i f w r f - i l ? t t w t f f f
tfs'jt ^tc 0 , 0 0 0 -ft t ^ f t t t f c ? t r o f t t c # t I t f f 5 t t f f ? 2tff3 etj? tf%e w<3W w ? ) I w t ? f f e f f r o i i f t t
tTC?t f i t ttc t f S t l , f wt t w t t t W t r o t a f s t t T I I tT5 ^ t'S f t f w ? t f l f f wS?f f t w w W T f t dkb/iio^ f t c t w t w t g
w t w?cf ttrtt t t f i j . ^ f c ? I trspw ttw?ttt, t?tt f f f W W ? f t ? t - i i ? f f ?Wte? gfffir t e t f t w t f t wt^ ?jf%5
t l t t w t w c t t r t t t ? fWttc wig w r o w t t W f T f 1 R^, T I e? f r o f f i f i t w t ? ^ t ? ? f t t e ? t t c ? I
ftnwt, ttl f W f W f t w i t i l f t t wt twctt f t I f f f ? t ? ? t ? ? l f t - i l ? w w t f t f ? t W f f t C t ? (8SiL-o/
W?.W-Wfl? t t t W W T T O t ^ Wt3Ct t i f t wtctt wttf i o i r o - i ) t e t j t 'wTt'wtf wtTffte wtT?fie=t? w w t w ?
t i w t t ^ t i c f 1 ti?wctcf? t t a , fetffwn w s r w t t t w c f i l f t t att?wf wf?ie? t t f o ttc t t f ^?t?tflct? I w r o
t ? t i f t wt? w t t wc?i I t i f t wtet? t e t j f w t t , wttw, W f T W ? ttf ? t f f ? tft f r o f f e i f f W w t f f t e i
ftbiftti, ctMt, w M t t t e w , wt?wtR ftt?t5 I ww-wtet? ? t f W C f i i f w ? wif<)t-'Q'wt?t?iet fMaj f f t ?twe? 1 f t f
^te w t t t f m f w w i t ^te WW aft? w t r o , cro??i wtc?, f ? e ? ? c t t f f t e t f f f ii?5ft tfw? # ? ? wf?ttt tê??
w t t p 2tf T I i t t t t f wTgetf? te f W w i t wjw w a ? t , ilt? ' ^ T f f w t w ? T f f f ? wtf f r o i i f fe2!? w t r e t
fw tatewtwtf, W T t ^ w a t f ? f W ? ? t , f f >Q t t f t t f f ; f r o ' j t e t t t f t e f ? ttt cttftettt ? w t Wfe? 1 ,wtwT^
f ^ i t T W e t w t t ^ T S R t f , W f f f S t M f , ? # f l ? f , t1tf1?f
WtWf Wtf wttf Wt?WW?-il? W?T i l f t t ?st%^ ^^5^
ttt# I
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?ft ' w t ' W f - i i ? W W f t t ? w t f w ? . f t f o w e ? f f f ^ t f t w
wrm'wtRs- ( J . ,) g titWff?ftift,^mwwt??R f f t r o T i , f r o ?fS t t f w t f e w f f i t ? t T f f t f w tft^
tetftwtet? (ftwttftt) [g.l wwtw? t i ? w fftet? w?jt t t t T t ? f ? w t w WWf"w W'sfttffffTT t??fw wte? I t w fg
tro ft? 1 t?ftffif? t i t t f ? (?w w R i p f ? ftwf) tro f r o w e t f # t ?>tf? ' 5 f w f ftfT? t w ? w w ro 1
tf w r 5 ? - w # t t t t i t w K w t fc?? 1 twftt%ie??w ro w, ^ f t f^ t t ? f ? t t o t f i t W t w f f f f f f <3
' W t ' W i f wttt 1W? ?jt%5t w t f i t , W W f T ? f i t WW f w t f t f f t t f f r o iitsft w ? ? i f f t f w ? w t w W W wt? C f t ?
ftt?it?iet ? T ? T ^ttte? I t r e f ?We? at^tt cft? 'wi?f, fsT w>s?it ro w I
f i ? f w f f f w?f? tft t w f f s f?t ro w I f wtt te? fe??, S WWt^ W? (Wf t f f t ) - i | ? t ^ t f t w Wftt f w ?
t r f t t f ? f r o f e i ? w^ftfte w??f f f t ? tTt?iet tffff ilt f ? R f t f f t f tfte?t. WfftW w w t e f 'wTfWf
i l f t t c t t f t f t r t 'wif"wtf ( w T t t t t t t f f ) - i i ? wt^?*t 11. fttte?t f r o t t w t f f f it?? c t t tesf f ? ? f f t c t ? f f f e t ?
wff rott t i t ^te wt w t f
fe?^, W f f f t t? C W t f t W W ftte wTW t e g f c w t t f w ? t % m tffe ttf
stf ?f?tt?tt?-ii? Cft? Cft? wgfttfe "wff ^ 'wtfft-tiet ijttttlet? 1 wT?wf? tjt? iifw? t j t ^ WWCf f t w
'?T?T5 c f t t f t f f f t i t W W ro, WW ftsteWT tTttTt? ffew? i i f w t f' ( t t w t - t f t t t ) w e t wtrttf f f f t t f l c t ?
fffc ^te? I mi 'wit'wtf f f s t t w w t t e f f r o ftew? i i f t t t f t j ?bw
'wtt'Wf f t t r o w?ff?t fc??; wro t r o r w?ifH ct/iif fC?? ( f . f W t - t Wtâtff, i t . , C?ro io8<t^, ^. ?o(2-,
Wocf? t?TWet? f c ? I t??f f t e t ? # ? f f f ? t t f r o f f t ?S8) I f r o i l t tTtf? R t % f i t f t t 'WTt'WTf'-il? ?T?TS
twe c?t t f t wftt t c f t ftwrte??, tw e s ? ( t w W ' S t t f ^ f W e ? t f f t f f w t s f i f f f f f f t w 1*1, t t w f r o f i e t
w?'fffi-f-f ro ttroi) (tso (itfijft f i w f ) w t w m ii?Flt w f f ? w t t t f f f f a f f t i t I i l t ftesf t w ? ? f ? ? i t
(Wttff t t ? f i t t ^ " t t f t r f f r o wttt-t t t f t f aief) f r o W t t t f r o ilftt f f f r o w?f t ^ fft TI, ttro f t f t
ctt cfltft t f t t f t f T I et f f ? ftt^wwett W o t f f j t f #?c?? w?-ii f ? ( f f f t t w ) <3 f t (^) f R w ?T?ro f ? i
wftftf ê? I ^ttte? I i i f w ? Cftf WW ?i5tfi?iet 'oiiv)'voii<j- 2(tft% =Ti
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f t t ftf? f ? i ro tw ^tce? t e t f t t t WW? t f t t t w f t w t f t t tl? ?bw f t f t i f l c t ? f r o w f f f w ? t f f t??fw
(8'bo-SVio'bb--Vo)-il? W t T ?f& ? t f W t f ? I f f t ff''5?t Tltlt I
t t w f fffcw?
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8oi
'wm'wm'-'ira mm<i w t ? m^ S c s t c s i t T tsPfSi AtccA A. J. Arberry, in JRAS (ifeofe), ??. osfe; ( 8 ) wr.
^m?wT? w m n W ' s f?*rw f t ? r ^ ?T?Ar? i tm?-mtc'W w n f n m f , tfAf?nw-t fnttm-t- tr^-t w f , ot., cwArnn
S m A ? t s t c w c i i o o ?T?w-ia? m^ f t ? ^ , mmew (wT)-'a? ioeo/ifeSi,f. A<t<ti,ntA8bSto-fe 1
m?i? ^ nmfn ia?# n'%0 w m w ti?am:t? w f m i i % ^ w i n w r ^ n t c f s r ^ t ^ f ^ n s t n c n t m n w m s. s (i) t n w r f
<MaHi? ntt ^^t?? arfw^^ftfT^? ff tRw ntfi? w r ? i f stfbim? n t w r t , cANR is.<Kt-s,fn ttii 88, s o , s s ,
^t?itA ( f m n , n f l . n r f t n t , i S i t . ) i ^ n t n ^ tkas? art % wrfmw, i^r, 'J. ;joA t. toie.nc5f Stcn SUftw
'wtn'wi?5'-iii? f ^ SRtm t i n i t n t ^ ' n t c f m s m n ^ n t t j ^ wmtfmanmf i w t w t n t g. (A) Browne, A t . , 298, 303,
?R[1? cit^fSe s i G w S t ^ t n ?sm s t m r ? ia?5wn s n - s w n w c t , 335 t.; ( o ) n. n r m , " w t n w l f - t f t m t ^ , in Mihr, o t .
t?tn wtm? ? ^ nts ^ c ^^f?? inw7 ^r?? fti?i? t T ? # ?=fm ( i o i 8 - i e cnm t t . ) , iss-bi, Abs.-s.e, 8o<j-ii; ( 8 ) cntns,.
?#rc5n 'J. i s t o t . ) ? n m ? ne, wtm? ?sf?m? ft1? w r f t - t w R t n n j i w m? ^ ? R , A t . , cwsnrn iooV i^too,
?i?w-;a 'wR'wTSi' c?t 'wyR4 S t m ' ( m t % - t t ^ t m f ) n m m ? (joct-8S; (e) E.E,: Bertely's Istoria Persidsko-
wnwTmwrma^fmfn^^tni?%>itî?tnt?tfgj i tadzikskoy literaturi, n c m ifetoo t . , 'J. 8toi-to
. at^tiSt 8 ( i ) rnnfm-ia f m f ^ 'wm'wt?5'-Iinf'snRl? i o o s (to) n m f f f , wtm? R w mmf^ f ^nR-îr? fm^mm, o-iAs
cnln (toA8 nm) fm^Rmttr n n i N^mt tme m^ ?s|%tn <pfi\oi Aoto t . ; ( s ) Yu N. tVIarr ^ K.I, Caykin, Pisma p
W'd'^'* <t?(c^ mm s f f s t e ^ w m <t>ficw? n s m ; ( A ) - t i f l f t n R ^ persldskoy literature, tw^!#R iSiSto %, iife-A* i
f a i ê n?,']^ brotot? nm w m m f ^ m n 'mtn'wins'-t f t i D e J.T.P. De Bruijn (E.I.^ Suppl.)/ f A ^ t n t f f n
nt'^nn n # m e i n , CA?R ioo^/ifeô i af^R: w n t j liit nn^n
^ ^ M ^F^ '^sTrsn^-M ( ^ t . ^ ) s snttn
nt'ittw <Mc<ij? atf1?n S,t1% m'ncf f t n i ^ t n t n t m stmn n^m s n
Emmaus, wmtnt? fA'^ânsI? afln mm'fSt^, Judaea-n
mt I t e n ^ - t R t e t n wm^ nt& 4 i f winfA-a nrftf
nm^nc t n w n f C A s t t n c n c t , c w m t c n n ttc srm ife m t n
mttfnw wiftt-t n m r n f ^ WTN"^NS"TW-II] w ^ ^ w r stnre?
f c n , cwn^ntcnnttf w m w n stnR y\<bw 9mm^ îicn wnf^
(CW^R iOoVi'S'Q^, o t . , iv5oi-A) 1
1^ I ( s i t e ) T M ^ f n itoto men Judas iVlaccabaeus
wrmn <cR\sinfcs, s,t?iCA-'4t st?n? ^tnnfCA? ni?T
n s ^ w t ^ - . R'stc?? ^ % % itoo m e n cngwr-ian .
n n i e t ^ t s n ^ f t " ttcwcAs ( i ) 'wr^sft, ^ p m , m m . Browne,
cnmtfw f ^ . t n f t ^;?f?m tAie^ fsl^w^^fnmtlenn i t e ? f w t e n ?
181-9, m m . m f t ^ , OSb--b-8,.^. w r ' # ^ T W tob-to-^S; ( A )
w f c n tm m^ cwnrn stnm t A S ttmen t % i Sei, t f ^ t. % 8
n r % i - t >smw^snIw; A i m t f n tm??, CS?R ioob/iÂfe, ss-a; men Varus n ^ w f | n ? e n t e t n > c n . t A i m ^ mttwj
(o) m n g ^ t n n w n wmrnif, wm-f'wm f t m w t f n n t f e w t t n t w A ? I tm? nii^Q* c f t t n t w sn^? w m
wtt'wttnn-'wist rsi, cwsmn ioob/is-es., f . o e i , o b - i ; ( 8 ) Vespasian tAie<> m^ f?RFW cnm mSR? m Rntbn w n
w r m n f , ftrngn-wiAmn f t m s s i t t f " n - w r t ' w m , A t . , CA?R mi A A i fmcn Elagabalus n t n t<?fi5c<l> Nicopohs men
ioeo/ifesi, 8fefe; () m n t w t t A , "JsS-e; (to) w t f , ^fnw w n , wtn tm f^Rnra m^ ^ n t f c t t ? t w tn i t m n
ntmt?nwR, f t i w i i s s A % i o s ; ( s ) w r f n wrA'mn m f , 'IFSR '^tfne^tss tA?t?e^ m^ snnrn ntm. nettR w _ i te?
^rspw t ^ - f n , CA?R i08o/ifetoi, o t . , 8oS>-Ao; ( b ) n t t n f , t n n w ? ? mm srmf^ A?, tAt mnnt^ >:3^cntoifitt
ffrr5n-mm>smw, CA?R ioso/iSitoi, co, ^. A ^ n r f , % t?t? fnt^tln AtiiiHt I
0 0 0 - 8 ; (fe) ^?p 'wr# c n t w m m , w t w t w t A , t n f , cmmt stta I^fwAttn^ f m f m e ? io/too8 men wtwrnrnnn-ân ffstn
iA^fe t t . , oos-8A;.(io) tnntf# tR.ftntntw, wtm i s/toob m e n trnnff-â? ffsfcn? mnien wt?netm n t e n ?
mwmSn-'^mm, t n f , C W ^ m n iAfec- tt., i t . , o s d r - e o ; nt., t? lat lani^^rRa bwt t w n neS i f t r t 'wrsi<3ntn nmmf?.
CWSnR iOOto/ifetoS, A t . , bSfe-bb [ .. S i t f s i n ? i c t stntn tf?tbw ^ ^?R1? n n n R t n ^ ttÂten m
'wrn'wr^' nf&^ ntmm w^^ss^ t t m c A îit sf?tn m w f w m .ennmmn^ t n n n t m t t m f^tmcA i sttrr f n t n n cnmtt w t f
m^fnttn wms (i) E. Blochet, Catalogue des ( m ) , f"wm" tnn w t n m ( m ) m f n tnn w t f :5SfnRnA
manuscrits persans de la vBibliotheque A 5 , o o o cntns iit nîmfe f ^ f c t tfw A^ I s i t t n f n ^ cm
Natlonale, t n i n n i S . i ^ , r < , 8 b t . ; ( A ) Ch. Rlew, ttmen tm? m w f f w w stten ^ (Ludd) t e n Smnit
Catalogue of Persian manuscripts in the British wtsicn sttfi^ m n m (Ramla) i 'wtnn w c t t n f f i t t ât CAI?
IVIuseum, n w n i b b i . A t . , btoS., Supplement 1G5; (o) "fA?!?? c w \ m n S c f t <-R?it A t ? t e i n , mm t f ^êncsn
TNNIF IFSEW
t.tn.Vc-i
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Contents
80?
ttra-a "CWt ffwt % W I w t - w R f t - w t w mi RShi Wtft w t ffetw ttew tit^, iit?'G 'w?fcw w t ? wf If^ ^ h '
( g s w t f t f - m -sfc?] wwfro W w t ^fw W I w w r a tw5 t w wtw wt? tttfwc? t w f??twttf? (fe<t)-ii? twtftte? ' f f o
'Wt-aroi trsifwWW stwjff 5t?1%l ^W-G ilt f T W WW t f t w t i w cw? w f o f t 1 t r ^tcw fft ro, tf ft?et i^t^rftiftt
CWfWTWOT w t % i I f w ilt C f f t t ? ttt wt? t^c?? 'WW ro'wtf (g.) ttew
f f f # 8 ( i ) W f % , i t . , i S ^ ; (^) t l W f f , f f T i o v ; ( o ) ^w 'WW* f f ? ftfftttlet? I
WTWff, i t . , ^(Ji'b-îo; (8) t t f T - W f t ? , i.t., SVV-S>; ( f f ) iittt-afftf t t ff?at?tf t?cttt f t w f R ftttc? 'witcf?
WWftf, i H - b ; (-Jj) Wfft, f'Wt (Wustenfeld), ?t., -b-bfe; R t w t w f t (Arriykes pedlon) WCt f f (Hellenistic) f C t
( S ) Wtlft, ffWWo, w f f w i f e f f o , 08; ( V ) W f ' W , o t . , s?fe; wew 'at^'^f few? cwa ^tttflt 1 f t f t t ffwcw t? t T w w
(fe) Caetani, Chronographia Islamica, 209; ( i o ) RttttttlttCt? ttlW? f f w f f W iltlfl? w?cf tfttw T I ilt?
Annali, o t . , ft. i o , ô^b, ft. i H , i8i; 8t., ft. i V , 8 s% offfe/fe-jjfe wet? ^ Wttet ttwi^ ttet? fffS ? w f ? w ? ? 1
( i i ) G. Le strange, Palestine under the Moslems, t f f tft^ f f tf?e?ftw vs tftfro fw^ft (w?wt?, t f , Tftt,
London 1890, 393; ( i ? ) A.S. Marmardji, Textes f f ? ) ^tc t f f ^ ilt wtsft il?tt^seft wr? wtftet? ww
geographiques arabes sur la Palestine, Paris ftttttet? f?ftet wtet i wwcwcf t T f ? r o ^êtWtet?
1951. 150-1; ( i o ) Vincent and Abel Emmaus, f f f t t t f t fffe T I ilt?ff8o/ii8feRtet f f f ? t?it?T? t f f t
Paris 1932; (14) F. M. Abel, Histoire de la t?t1tw fw wet? t? t r iww?ief t w w ? f e w 1 sfft? tvsca
plaestine. Paris 1952, i t . , io-b-fe, ibH, 8ii-i, ?t.,'b, w?ff t w t w t t w fte? t ? ? f ftct f t w H fttw ct f r o
i V H - f e , o f e o - S o - j j ; ( i f f ) R.Grousset, Histoire des ffwtw ftf? W t ' 9 ftftffffCt f f t f ? f t f ? ftfttflCt? I t t t f f
Croisades, Paris 1934-6, o t . , o o v 1 t ? w f wTtet? 'wtw wtctcft fctcf? w?ef tfttw t i ;
J. Sourdel-Thomine (E.I.^)/WT<;ft t H iitft-af ^tcw wtwfcft? ttwet f w w t - T f t ttW) t t ,
i f t - a f ^tew w?wrtfif t f wr?itt-wt?rt wtetew W f t t
W T W - ' w t w ( j ^ I) 8 1 ^ ttffro ffwt w t t w
t r o t f ? tfw wtwajR ffttte? I cfett^ tfft tttw? fffttet?
(<_i|_l=J,l) t t w t f f f ilttt'Sf-il^ t ^ - f W W t f f W ilt?
fffc5 iittff w t w 3 F t fffw WWfft? t ^ -bttw ffttc? (g.
f - t t f t f (tectonic) tfs f f t Wat cttlw WT f W t t -^tcw ttW
wt?rt f f f ff?wl I
W t w A m n u s - C f t f f ^ f r a ilt? WT c f f t ffcw? W f t
t t f f t ? t g w 5Ct? ttft ffrotfca f ? l f Mandate-il?
(Spurs) tf^ Wtt t % tWWtfw 1 tfg'jt ^tcw t C f c^'bo f t
wfct i f w ? ^ t?tTf sffw t e w t w w t w r o tte? w f t i i
têwtwttf I iitfHftwWfft c^ti i i ^ ^ r o t W f f w ,
ifeofe wet f ? e ^ f f f t 'Wtft? wtctfwtcatt? tttwtf
w r o Wt f^twtw WtWtfW (iHtt-acft 3?T) W fTtttw WtW
f w f t f i c t t t w t fft tw? t?cttt t f f iiWft? tftw roittt
ilt? f f t w r o Wfcttft I twtt t w sjtftft f t wtttat
cfct, ?tT t?t t T ? ft wtf? ftfc?? wttwt f r o ft?t, wtt
"Wfttt (g.) f t ? t f t cgtw i i t 3 C t t < 3 t f f f JstcwfttfToTi
ilt? ilt >5Wt Cft c w t c 5 t f % f c t rotft T I 1 f l f ' w f t T t ?fte? t r o w?e?ftw w?ft? WW t t f I
WW ilt wwatwcf afTit? fct croftt tfw wtf? rot? f ^ f f f i f 8 (i)?1Wff, f W ? ; i - b i - : ^ ; wtttf, ?t, ^ o i - b ; ( ^ )
wwfftc w t t i t t t t r o wwwft tfsfft? wft?t fct 1 t T t ^ t t f t - w t f t , f t w (Dahan). 5,t., ^ f e ? ; ( o ) t f f R - W f t .
i i f . , V f e Hist. Or. Cr., ?t., i*i8; (8) Wfw, i t . , o i - b ,
f f ^ f f t ? f e w t t f t t t ? ffw ftifro iititT'^tew titfttf w
ffttt? i l f t t W f (Shelf) rot t f f ^ I WWfft? W ? w ? CttfCt? ffi8, ffib, t ^ S ; ( f f ) Wft-fftt; wtf R^, 8i-^, 8fe, c^'Jsi; (b)
ttf?W? tfttffo WI I t r f t ? ttt? t i w ffwcw ( t t P a u l y - W i s s o w a , i f . , i f e f e ^ , Suppl., i t . , s ^ ; ( s ) G. Le

f t f w t , cttww t r o fffw w t fT??"t^^-ffî? ftw Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, t ^ i V f e o ,
bo, s i - ^ (ii?1tvsef?sR t?tt?t-?.5Ct? tc>u w f f ftfR ^
c^ctv!|<icî^ Casal sellorle-C C t f t ro) f t ^ t f&fr
ww^f? fp^tt t?ro fttfw ffftf iiWfitf? titifw met? W W ^tte?), o f e i ; ( V ) R. Sussaud, Topographic
historique de la Syrie, ftlfft i f e ^ H , index (ffcftw
t??tww I
w? ^f? fet f w t f e w iiirfft? ffwfffew iitlt^seft 8^ff 8off-fe); (fe) M. Canard, Histoire de la
Dynastie des Hamdanides de Jazira et de Syrie,
t t w t fftcft%f 'tftf ttet? ilftt ?tew[? tegt fffwc?, 5t1t
t ? w ws>-^Tct wwe?? îtw?i f t ^5v^ff f i t 1 ctitltf f f
i t . , wfwWf ifeffi, ^^.fe, v o i f,; ( i o ) CI Cahen, La
t t t f t f t t t f ? - i i ? ftffw ctf? cf^ ws "^tcw s t f e w t w ' W W ' Syriedu nord a I' depoque des Croisades, tjttft
t t t t f fffCftt
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Contents
800 Wtm5#
iJi.80, Index (fetw mn i o - o , (wnnttrt i , b A , i A i ,

i w - b - ) ; ( i i ) M. Gaudefroy- t>A,otoi,; nftm b^,itoo) i
Demombynes, La Syrie a lepoque des m w m ob,(f8b, ttm nttn o e , i e o i
Mamelouks, tjlRf i J s i o , cj,^; ( i A ) Ch. Clermont- fiftftn tnmîmfn aw^ s (?fnra n t t w trit W!? nrmn,
Genneau, Rec. Archeol. or., o t . , A<fff; ( i o ) J. mwt ttwtm?tn nt^ f< 1
Sauvaget, La Poste aux cheveux, tltRf is>8i, S>to; Stewmn wnnttn s ^,88,8ob; fnm e o , o s > % , nftm
(i8) J. Weulersse, L'Oronte, Tours 1940, 77-80 8 ^ . t o i % I f n t i i l H JA.8(2-%, tt=5to.too%,f^<3.o(2-7o, cntw
D. Sourdel (E.I.^)/^. ntjfH o.b'!3%, wmtm 0.08% I isxji nen i,ito,ooSi; too,ioto
nftm ee,b<Ho wn; ijstoi nen i , 8 i , e b b ; fnm <HA,o8b nftm
'Sfmr^ (Amghar) % ntnt? W t n "Wft W t (g.) t w n
tofe,A8o; ijs'^s nen i . b A . i A i ; f?m s.A,otoi nftm bj,'^too
atRt^, wf 'cwii' (nnn wtnt ^ t i ^ n nm) 1 intent
litnt.iiibi nen cm? wnnttit tin A , A t o , o o o wmesj fn^n
(Touareg) wtAfwn ncm iflt t ^ cttsj nn1%n atntnc^ f W
i , i o , t o < i e nRrt i,iA,to(2-e wn (B.D.G. Patuakliali, Page
wtotHtW (5. amenokal) wtAtn cttcara ncsfj-nnr?wt^
(g.) Ch. de Foucauld, Diet., touareg francais,
45-47) I Stewm nvsnf tmemwtfnm tSfnnenn inf? mwtn
i'Hoo mtttn msmnw^ (?n^ nnnrn ^pfnewc^ I
Paris iJ(JA, ot., i A O H ; H. Lhote, Les Touaregs
du-Hoggan, Paris 1944, 157-8) wtnt tf ifl^ tnai Stewntn ssof? nnfwnnA tt^ cntw Sttnmnn wte. 1 wtm
ntenn (Confederation) ftntn f W (^. H. Bissule, Les nritw ixitten bf? %-'a%iinrnnrnwtci 1
Touaregs de I'Duest. Algiers 1888, 23) 1 ^Ttntnntew
Stewmn f % w m? o o . S i % ; f n ^ o s s . ( t % nftm
c i b . i % , i iJs'is ncn t?mttf csintn nrwrnn A t n tin A H . n % i
(g.) A- Hanoteau and A. Letourneau, La Kabylie
et les coutumes Kabyles2, Paris 1893, 11, 9)
wtnwtnwfnmwmnAtnfAn ^ i % (B.D.G. Patuakhali,
Page 201) I
nnrW tnttnttnwn (g) nc?T G. Surdon, Institutions et
f t ^ s f f w t e s Steww mm a, wtfwcn? f n ^ i , S^
contumes berberes du Maghreb2, Tangier-Fez
1938, 187-90) wmmn wtnfwt (g.) nsw^ tnntfsw nmttw
fffiinn A'^, m ? T f n ^ ffmnn i o , ntnmm 80, nnmft mtfnni
ffmnn i o i s.'^^f? cntnnstft m'tfnss ffrjtm? wtci 1 tmn nem
ant cntean nt ctiannttn wfcntfnw tnntft stfwtnfn liit Sn
^ i v f a i f f w ^ mm, wtn# tttn? f n , ntcwnsn mtfnm
wctt nRAw I nnwtn -SA cntannttn nem wrmwt
t n f n n n ntnntm, fnnftnm cnmRm f n f n n n mnntm, tftmffnm
fnnftsw stmenn Smfn f w n n mi wrstmn Retnmen cnt
fnfnnn mmw Seatcmtr 1 iisvssb-vssis nen A b f ? fnRnn ijf?
tA^nnnt^ mn^ ntmn Wcvj? Ss,n tin t f ^ , tnnnrnlgss
mf^mnA cnt? mnnrm nttrt fin sa 1 is><H8-'ê nen
tnntsnncA 1
Stewntn^mfnn i , mfsn i s , wiftn mttn 00 \a cwmfnm
f?^*t#t % ( i ) Montague, La vie Sociale et AtfffwnmA cm? ntfmm nttn f i n i b o f ? 1 District
Politique des Berberers, Paris i J o i , <Hlr t . , J8 t ; Gazzetteers Patuakhali, Page 213) 1
( A ) G. Surdon. f.aj., vso'^ 1
wmtm sffwitn s mftt w ;ito, ttnfnf mtegft i , ntft!
Ch. Pellat (E.i.^)/ mnm cntn
n t t k cs, c^tof? nftm n t t k wtci 1
^ s r m ^ (g.ntAin) ctm 8 i s , A i % ffn 3fn?s, 0,055% wffn 3fn?s, H.i8%
(^J1;li) sSteim,nnsmtwmfniwn^sSw rnnrn, A b i % u t ^ >>.(i<i% wmtm ctmitft 1
t^mttf nnn^ nRet n^mrnvst Sncwm nemtmnn, tnttSnt wtntnemtT wfn 8 ob,A<2-o.oi cs^, wntesj toA.'HJ% m
nsnfn, c5,e.8o% ^ ^ F n f n i i . b i % wfn f w n nmft 1 mm m#
Stcsim t f w t n f I Stcwntn atmn nfstnn nesi
oA.8(2-% c m M w t m f n mnemtT wfn wtei 1
ffw^ w t w ntfn^ SeatemtT 1 wrms^ Stewnt t A ? f ? i f ?
atmn ffn nmenn ne*fj-mn, ctntfn, cmm, f t , nfnm, nfnb,
cntwt fnm t f ^ antSm? wtnwn i A . A * n^f ff .tn. 1 Stewntn
w i ^ , mS, fmsttm SeatemtT 1
cm? wrswn <HAo.Hto nf tf .fn. 1 ib-es. nten ^^ttiw 'sRtmtt^
nsn-nsntfn? nem ctntm, w n f w wrstm cnf w w 1 âtttcn
ttm, i J s p i men winwfew ^^tnrsfnw a ? mi ntnwt nsm a ?
wcmi?33fn tntfn t tm-fsf^ ttmn -s Attbttn wtei 1 wtai mm
wm# 1 i J s b ^ nten ât mme^ S t e w w nitt^fnw nsm a ? i
lilt Stcwmn-wenns'sfn n ' fnn, wfBi nsn. n t m n nm?fn
Stewntn tSfnnn nttrt i o , entwt ^to, ajtn i b t o (mtm t t f ^ , w t t m wici I obf? Ai?-mwm trftfcn? tn^ m ? t r i t - n s i ^
i t . , f. .:i^5i>) 1 wen i f e s s nrcnn ttntn cmwtcn^ tSfnnn i;>..
csimScgtcmtT I
tnntf ffjiew
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Contents
WW? 808
fit? f % % iS>i1t WTW, iS>o 1t WW, S)S It ?Tf en de Oeliassers, Delft ifeoo %\ ( 8 )
C?t:w3 WW, 8 * It f (rlt f t t ? fni wtn? I
5, f% Adatrechtbundel. is>?? f , % bo-bS; is>?e t - , %
>3?fw s ?^ i!?fw tfcwtr? w f g R i1?m?t fRcoc?, o e 8 - o s i ; ife?v f , % ? o i - ? o V ; ife?o %, ^. 8ov-8es> 1
wtw? tc?! t c f t w t t T ?tcc? artf, (WST?, wtft, f f f w , J. Noorduyn (ft. tt. t.)/f. W t t f t t t ^
?S#5T?, ffiiltiitb, f>SWR#f, f^-Giltf TfW WtT?tf??t f t f ? I îWf Ml 8 wranw? f f f t m ? w?ffw *f?31 t r
t r ?j#5 tfcwtt? ift t f W f j cfs, o f t trtristftt, o f t fti?f?CR? f n t ftft ^tcw i ? e t t t t fc? o o - ? i w w ? f t s c ?
ttft?? W f t fRn? fftroitt ( f s wtn? I it??. Hb ff e ? g l f f t t f c ? W t t ^ ' 1 i l t f ? 3 t t f ? I W ? f ? ? il??.
w T t w f t f i w t t ? t t t t t f t ? (%iM ftwt? t t w fftttn? m? t t t t fc? w?ffw ctttffttct? t t w tttw I ifeîji tn? t?i?
wtw f?f%fTR wttt tr? t t I wn? m t t T^wtn? ?tt ?t?, t t t t t w t t i t j t t ? t i o c e s o , tft'a f t t t f f f n t ? t f t ? t n t w t t t t t t ?
2I6tC? T I ? tttWiT? W 1 # (Irbfe ft./i8<}-{> t - ) , ^ fSttW twt?, f f f S t f f t ? i l f t t " S f f f f f f t w f t t ? f c ? I . f ? 5 f t ? trsT f t t
?t?w f t ? t ? t ? , t t t ? t f ? t f w ( f . i o ^ v t W ^ ) ?t?w t f f f f w ?? t t f r a t t t t - t f t f w t f f W f f C f (ftW?t?, iS>oS>,
t t t n t f t WITRf? (?)-il? f W T ^ tTRTSp w t t t ? f?Tftwtr? % ? f . ) I iiwtfttn? f t f t f ? t f ? t t t - i i ? f f f t t r g wr?w
tnwtnttti 1 t t t f n w (ivt?-ifee?) f f f t t ? f ? ?t?w f t ? f f wtatRnt? t t ? ( e t r V i . i f e ? ) W t t i t t f t t t t t n t ? w f t f t ? f 3 ? w i 1
( ? T ? t ? ^ w t ? t t t ? w c f f - f ? - t ? T R f wat mrtfi? t t t t t fifn? f t f w win?, t t f f f f (>J}0Tr-00/i?ii-0b) ilttm? i!fW? f t f
fteft f f t w f i t ? ff??1Tl? I f?n?it ft?wf?ct? I i v i / i ^ s f e w e t f ? i ? f t t f w w w
fff^ s ( i ) Population Census of Bangladesh, fr?t?tnt? t t t w i l t f ? ? t t t t t f c t t I, feoo/i<?-?>j5 w e t
1974, District Census Report, Patuakhali; (ci) f t f t f n t ? ^ w w f w W w w c t W f ? i l t fic? W W ? f f f t ? . f t f ^
Bangladesh District Gazzetteers Putuakhali, fc?? I Mblid&a t t n t wttttw_ WiWnt? f f t t f f f c f t f c t ?
General Editor Major (Retired) M. A. Latif, 1982; t t w t f t ? fc?? w f n ? . fttt? ^ t t j w t t f ? t t T f t ? f^'s few?
( o ) tiettfffwm, t t i t t T R f w r f ? ^ t t r w t , i t . , t t i t t n t f t f s j f f t f i t I f t t wttet f??ft ft?ftc-vt? w f ? f i t il?? we?f?
i i f f t t f t f c t t t i t f t , a t t f t t f , ^ i s o f e / tr^ ? o o o , Wftt w f f t w f t f c t w w w e t f t t f f t t e t ? t f ? w f t f f f a t t t f t
??V-??fe; ( 8 ) WttW^t W ftft, ?f?fiT?I t t t t t , f t t f W t , W f ^ (1%ft? ftfc?? f t t t t i l t ? f f g tnTftf?tt wet fftfgw) 1 t T
iS>fe8, t t t t f f f f t t n ^ f ? ttittTRf; (ff) District Census t t i f f w f - w f f W c f t ^ s iitfft c f g f i t I i l t fte?? f t ^
Report, Bakerganj 1961. ? T t ^ W t ( W W ? I W t t f t - f Ttf? -a W S W W f ? f^TW^T) f f ? t
f?rjiit wr?f3 ?? fftt w t ? ' r o fti?ftf (?)-ii? t f f t i w f e f -tflffw wte? ( i t . , ? ?
^lf.<l'i (Ambon) s Encyclopaedia Britannica ^V8; ^t., ?s ib, -bo, S>8; o t . , ??, o i v b ) 1 ft?Wt?ie?? WltCt
Amboina New Adbanced Atlas-Amboyna, c?f f c t f t t w t f t w iittie? t t f W t e t 1 w t r o - t w t w t f f w
t c w n t f f f t (S.)-? t t t l f W (Moluccas) f f f t ! ^ Wwf Îfft wt?iRf?-ii? f r o f ? t ? f t ? f t f w f f f fwftif wtww?
ftf I W?t?tTt? ft? Wnf^ ( f t ? ?e,ooo) f t i t t , f?T?W f f ? ? t w f f ? r f f l e t ? I i i ? ? y i T i o w e t f??tt w w w ? w f ? w f e ?
t ^ ' s T f t t ^ f t w wtttn?? (ici? %) f f ^5tT:wt f f wrst? t t t f f t w w f f f t ? f f t w t ? I f t t f f t e t w r ? w t w ? f ? ? t f ? wew
tttt? 2ttt? ttffstt C f g f t f (Hitu) -a W?T f C t f I t ftTR t t t t t w?fttet? f W w t f f t Wflcsfj? fwe?? f e t f t w f t w f W ?
fm? ?ttir?=i I f t f ? t f t t wfttn? ilt f W ? f t f c t t t f t t t ? (iHbft) t . ) W?flw ft?? w t f i i f f s w ? f w t T t e ^ f f t t r
c?wt fn?? f l T t f "=3? w t t f t f f t t (Pasia) G t W f f 1 f ? t t t ^ t w f t w ? f f t w f t I wf?t? ffje t r w r o f i i t f f f r o fti?-ii?
ft??lf?Ct? I i-bf i s f f w t f ? f c f t t f f f t t s f t ? f ? ^stc wcw f t w ro I t t r o ft?? t ? i e f f ^ t f t f ? T f i ? w - ? t f f t
tft'Q f t f t t t t fftffft fe^, f 3 f T ? t W f W t WtC?tC?tffwt? twttt ct? 1 >8?Wff tf??-il? f f i e w iiS>(r/iHlrO w e t f T O
f f f t ? ?t?llC?H I iiwttn^-a f T ? t f t wttt -a artf? CflftCf? fttf f f w t t w w t ? WW? t ^ s t t f f f i f ftwe? t ? t W W fc?? I
frfwffw w n t f f t f t twt? fiffttc?? I fwft i v o v t- ?f8r ft?? f w f ffwtffw ??, t f f i i f t i t ? f c ?
fff# 8 ( i ) F. Valentijn, O u d en Nieuw f t t f w wt?rcf f t ^ r t f c ? I i T r ? o ^ f c R wf?t? f f j e w f ? ? t t
Oostlndien, Dordrecht i H ? 8 %, ? f . , o f . ; (?) H. t s t i r o t c w w t f ? we ^tttt ro 1 f f f t f ftfct? t i n f ? g f t
Kraemer, Mededeelingen over den. Islam op WW f i t I i i r b 8 % ittie? w t t t r o f f r o wfflj ?? i i i t f f r o
Ambon en Haroekoe, WTot i f e ? l %, ">[. l l - b r V ; ( o ) F. f i t w ? t i f cê?tf (?)-ii? wfwftet? t f f c w wtsRiw wRtte??
D. HoUemen. Het adatgrondenrecht van Ambon f f f t ?5t I f 5 ? t t isfft c?5fc?SG, s ^ - J i f TOifff F F S R T ?
t t w f ffSettt
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80*
tat fntn fnfnnnn^ t siffais (n)-'iin fnntntcwn mfn,

nt fiif ttfnmn wm fnmtw i ifitntcn ntkt W m n tJRsf? xnfwn -s wT'Q%nn sifw w T ^ wif^mr nt^pt nnfnttcnn f n m ;
ctn tiA fn fnf^ f c n ^ s wtcA i tf^nrnw Atnntn ttA f t f n w n f n ^ sncnn n n ^ fnemf nntcntbntn fn^tfnw
ntf wfsntfn tiA-'a? ntntn nnfwn wtn-wsmtn n ^ nmatf, nn f w m n 1 ât fntn stnn, nnm ctmtct
^fmt nnfwn Stiancntm i ntnnnfcss wtmcnn mtfîntcwn atfw Smfnrn 1 ^ >at nftm
srtf^ (i') Gazetteer of the Ambala District, n w f nsfnm cn-sm ttntcA, wtAtcnn ftmn-fnwtn wfw
1892-3; (A) Imp. Gaz. of India, f. Alto, A V 1 ; . ( v 5 ) nf^S'C? (wtmw i , A 8 , OS., 8to, i o o , i o V - i i ) I
fAWHnlfnA wcntA, wmtn-t ntfnA (Bibl, indj.in., toA*, nRa f;nwtn nnstfRmn ftmntw ns nfl^ ntfncntmn Sen
on., iv; (8) W f n - T t f n ntcAtft, ntnttA-ntniA (Bibl. ind), (wtmw 80) .anttAtnftnstfn'^wfn'Gfbnn i f n w n ^ ^
fnn^; (a-) ttnn fnntw 'mtffjp, mffn-t ftssnttf (Bibl. ind), nsf lans 'G wR^ (wtntw :^8) 1 fns^ mfst tmc fncn fft <pf5<j|
Rn^; (to) Memoirs of Babur, Wf. Leyden and irtcss fl'mRs^ ^^fnm cJpfnntcA (wtm s.a, s.o) ânt -at fnwR
Erakinc, ooa; t># atntn, The Life and Time t t a i ntfcnnt f w w 1 nnsn n f n m^ntrwa m?iR -aft ntt
of Humayun, 4ft<M^l ^haa %, ^. itei, ib-i; (b-yntftn^ fm IfmtNoiAtc'i^ wt^nfnsaj^st'^îcs ^ ^ cmcan (5. SmA
atntn mwtnt, History of Shahjahan of Dehli, fnn^y 2tR fm, ff^wfAtm nnm wtAtcnn mfnmf^ wrn^s atR
lanTAtntn iso:^ f. a81>-; 0>) Lepel Griffin, Chiefs ^ m w nsnw cntlfn cntsscnn rnnwfn ncwm arR wtft
and Families of Note in the Punjab, f. ioo; (io) wmra-wnfmn ttcw fnf<5 ^^fncwn 1 nfcnn (wt) a t c w j n s c ^
W. L. Mc Gregor, A History of the Sikhs, % iefe; wiAfcnn m^sntcwn w m mnn nsfnc f?tm mrnnst f s t - f t cmn
( i i ) m, >an. ntwf>F, History of the Punjab, ffnMÎ ^R: stmcA, I cm%i cntcwt mmcftn f sm n?m, wtmwn q
ib-fei % f. OAV-S., 0 0 8 , otob- n.; (iA) Wtn. '3, Later RsiTt arRt^ ^^Rntfm I wnctcn w i ^ w t ' w i w n^ ttc
Mughal History bf the Punjab, Lahore 1944 NsiAic''!? aiR ntmm wtcni w t Rs^^bif st mf nsfitpn<MÂn 1 -
:^fe<\; (io) W. Irwine, Later Mughals, i t , feb-; ( i 8 ) nnctn n f f A f t f i (n)-'an m^sntc n w f t f n w n wtsnt-a
W.W. Hunter, our Indian Mussulmans2, pf^<p|'el f#ff SmwnfA stc Rgn fm m 1 wtmnt wtNsttcnn
fncntffm nsnw ftncssn Stn w?n mess i ^rc^sm arR wt^tcnn
A. S Bazmee Ansari "(E.I.^)/ ntnnt cntn S ^ WtAtm ^^tn-s -^tn^s ât nftm w f t w w , n f ntfn tn
. wm f n s i ncAn 1 wtmrn wtmn ftîc^ wfns ^s wrmess nsfn ^s
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>rfifnr (s.nf) AtstCA I lat .fsts 'iiss tsten fnf^ n f s (^îsw fA, tsntfn, fw,
wit5r-*ll^Ry| ( f L L u j . ^ 1 ) s ffnai fnwtcnn m Aiwn tnntfn, tnmtss-, m f n t ^ , f n f w n , tSfn, mSn, fninmn,
fnt I tAtn mnw;tn w t tmc fsR^ nfn a m Sftf^tw wtqrn, ntnsrfnm, t s l ^ ^ (^sjt)] wn^ n?mn#s Smt
^mcA I lat fft n w mfnn a? i tmc mwf? n^' tw ^^Rm lat nwj ajwr ssm ststc? (wmt ei-sî) cn, nrfn-mms
mnf? wtmw nf^mc? 1 w n w w t n nFn f n W w ^ t^sen t f w w nn mt ntn n f t t
t n n t f ffscssfn
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srtftcf tfSf M ffttm WW wt^w row, w w wtrot c t t t t w t r o fff3 ?fct? wet? tegtt?lctT? f f t ? t ?fttte? 1
ww*tTwi?[ ft., Wtro: w fffw wtww^cf ffwtttf Wtww mt,. w f f f f Berthelot f o f f f l f f w f t ? f ' ftffe ( i l f f t f f f ?
w t r o w f wwtit wtwwt Wfwe? I t f w t tw??t c t f fftw f t f f ) ftff i l f f t afttt? fft?et? tft^ wi?-?Tf? fft?et? t f f t
i t rott f w t - ^ t m , f r o t - a W f t tcSt! w f w ^f i t , WW? t t f w c t t t r o I
w w w wiwwracf tfsww sjwt fffWcw I fttfw t f w ? f f e f ? t?e?? w t f f t f c ? ? t e t J iifftef ww w t t f f
*i^s."ct? WW W f f t t t r o t fft f f f c f s wtw?t t f t t t w . w f t ? ( ^ ^ VI ju-LJJ I) t w ?? I t r o Cft? wfft^ f f t t t t ( ^ 1 ^ )
w w w ? w w t f f ^ w?t ^tw ro I w w t c t s f f w f f w t t ?tro f c t t?t W f f ?w 1 t?t ?tt cttt-aww w t f f ^3 fffwg
t f t wet Wit?? flwwwW'a ?tw f w w ? ??, m\ ?fc?? t k ? ? w i i t w w t f f ^3 ?ft?te? I tfft-'w^wt-ii? f e f i i t
t g ? i f f w f ^ r o cft?t W W fc?? I tf t f w fftwtc? WW wff?^ f f f t t t f t c f . w r o (^L:.j) ? f t w t e i t rot? (Ci.
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f T O c w t i r f f t r o ?if!f?ii? (t)-ii? tfQWc? t w j w ?<# f t W f ?t (worm-pipe)-ii?te5f w % f f ^ f f f f t t f t e f
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fttfetfcf ilt ?ftrai roro rot ?t?tc?, wt?ieff? ^?fc^ t f t t t t ctittrowi
wfwtf^fe& (WWW i o H - i ? ) I c?e?f Wf? w t c f f f f t t t att? ff w t w f f f f t e t ? t t ?
t r o t (w. w . t.) il. Cf. ilt. f f t w t t ftroft f?ct?, i i t w w ( f f ) w f ? 5iMitf cô.w.fsa W'stt ro
wtw i l t t w c f fi^tewtt <5te f t w 1 wtff? t f ? T t i H
wrtw-wTsrftf ( j _ ^ v i ) 8 ttifct? tnft? w w ?
(Geber) f W f ffff rotftt fef? .wtit? w t f t t w a t T O
Alemtic. ttwttea? i l t w?ef? w t ?T?nf WW (Head) W
f f s f f ? teat ?ft?ie? I
Iff (Cap)-'a?WW I f R ^ f f Ambix t t c w t - a w ?ttlft=1 1
f f f # t 8 ( i ) E. Wiedemann, ZDMG, o?t., ese; (?)
^ - w l t f f W t f t ?T?T ?ttlc? t f t f w t # ? a i t t f f e f
i& Cttf, Diergart Beitr. aus d. Gesch. d. Chemic,
Discoride-il? i l f f t W f W W , W f t f ^ t f t - i l W ? W f
1908 f . , % ?o8; ( o ) M. Berthelot La chimie au
Wrf I w t f f c f 'ctiwtttft WW? fief wtr iifft ta' ftftw
moyen age, ?t., 'J38t., bb, iod t . ; ( 8 ) J. Ruska.
tef t f ? t tt?te? I
Al-Razis Buch der Geheimnisse (1937 ^0 5.1ff6;
t ^ f t t w t t ^ Iw? wsef tftw s 'wwtftif tt3i*-
( e ) A. Siggel, Arab-deutsches Worterbuch der
Cucurbit (<x. jl) head w t g t 'Jff' Cap ?1ftl?t receiver
Stoffe, 1950 %, f . fee; {b) W. W. t . , o f , o o i - ? 1
( j ^ l ) W*[ftf-tftCa|/5ff il?? W W t f f f tt3j i i f t tesf 'f I
E. Wiedemarm-[M. Plessner] (E.l.^)/ WWttW Wtt
W t f w t f t f f t f c ^ tt??ei? w tfbsi t f t t we? wtw
W t - f f t t f f ? <ji_^ ( Cosmography), t W t . Mehren, ' S f T ^ 8 1 - Tt- " t ^ ' W t t f r o wwt 1 wewT?
f f c r o iii.8 1. t f f f g T l I W r o ^ ?ttt?fff t t f t ? t t e ^ t r o ?twj f i t 1 w e t f w t r o % f . o ? s we^ ctwawe??
t t w ttCf, f f f fbcat t w W W t f f f tteaj? t f C t w t t ? t t w t ftfc f e ? f fffw t r o f ro f ? ? tp^Wff w f^?i<tf
?t?JlC? I f t e t t ^ W ? f t ? t f f f t ? W f f w ffw (cupping glass (iiw *s?tff w a ) t t t W W 1 cfW-attew i s t f t t t . f .
j_JI )-m t w , c t t ? wwft? (twt. van W T O f t f t f t f ^ W ? f I W 8 t ? ffeWW % % ^\b W W f fttf
Vloten, ^. ?eH) f e f fbfsi ?t?lc? I t t f t W'QWt ( W J . wtfipct? wettw? row 1 iit t t ? wtti ftt%? f W ? t ? i i f w ?
Clement Mullet, ?t., 08 8) cttWt t t f f ? t t w ? twf fwettet 00ft w f it?? '-^0,000 t f , w t t wtjtw t t e i f r o
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ftWfWWl(wfte,?ftfttttfffW^ttef) iWtffCf
t w f ? ftf^ fftw f f f wwet? wwe?T? ww,?twt wtft ii??
ttt?tef ?i???tw?ftf tteai??tf ( 4 . ^ ^ . ^ ) W WW'S ?W
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((?8 8 e o ) I ii)t wtarc wtmsn wmtA ^fi^ssc^ nem cn nnwt wwian, N^m? fnc*tn wc<.tAfc^ w t n f C A n W t ( J L J i U r . )
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nm ntn, c?snm tAt tf (<^>=^) ^s f ^ (jj.<L^) Scnn ^^^^ i
(fqsntm, I fn?s fnn^) i
j i c mm aftn f t wtm 'mfnm'n ^ f n ^ ;ôt5fg cn, Sm a ^ r
. wTnnt^mf'wtwn^.mfn^(<_^_>^^LLj:i),wTCfTt
'îRim'? ntn m nsinmcA I
(^11^1) N3 fmnn i^^^)wefrnms^stm me?s (wts-mf,
lat n w m n f ? , A ^ lat wtnstcn wnm m n t m n wf?in wtmen
ntmfRn-ntnn, s t . , Aos,-A8i, w e m ioob- ft.) i ntmnmft
t n n t f % n n ncm mm, wrcntf%w ttntcA i n m mfnn-t
wtfn-ian w< <t>f??tc^'t. wtn ( < - < ^ ) <3Wf*mn(j_,xi) nstnm^,
'smrn.NQ-'an srfw wtentft ntNantn-t tnmn-'an ncnt i f f ^
wtnt 'i: e8 I ff% ntnrtfn^ wef<s nrns ^tm ntc?s; (m^
ntfnn-t 'tnm>Q-ian atfw wtcntf*^ wmtm sfei, t m n fncntffm n ^
w e n ^ nt^ atnnnstft feess m^nt nm a ? i tnntenn tf^. ^3
w t ntn I cnnn "ntfm-frnfffn" m n ^ ^fc^ ntNantn-t ttNsntn
fnftnnenn n m e f n f ^ w t f fwtenn Sf%s m f e i cnm m %
^ St?tff ât.stnme^ nfins nfnm sfAt w t A ? m t n-Ate
(5 .< ^ 1 I^ wftîpifnnnetn ntnn ntvîtmei
_ ^ I)
^fTsmtss .g, i_>ji wft^ wfatAn ^jf^fiîii? nrn^fwen n ^ nsm
tant wr^tcffn nntm f f l i mtm^ (tffn-wtftn, fnmm, *wtfn f ^
AtntcA 1 wf?i'nien 'stftt ^sm mmtt' m n ^ sfc^ 'wTsra-e?s
fnn^) 1 wtnn ntnns- (jLL)-tan nem mffj fnmnenn w m g.
('ntNsmn-t tn^mm-'a ntmess n m ^tmcA) sitn wf^^
4iiipt>Sl<n-mnn, fent^ nntw i f f f e n n ne wtnn cnt wnwc^
( j j i J j j ) - n t c n f ^ nsmstmcA i
f m n , ntm Smmn (sjI-O) <3 w i (A^)-ign mtnjRcne^ f t
wnn lawin t n n i ^ cnn^ A i f f ^ w m - f w m f n mnm
w n m n t m n w t m 5 n ( < ^ L ^ ) N 3 nfnrnn ( j i . i , ) f n ^ n n s m n w f t i w int f l n , 'wmn ânsf? wetmA ( i n f l u x ) f n n i T ( j i _ ^ )
ncA (iAinin^, wtm^, "wtnn Rnf) i mn csffnscw ' m ^ ' t ^ ^ lat wsf .afAt w t n t j ^ n e n a? mm
f nwten ntm'ssmn wT'in' *t^ ntn^w stntci i cmn cmn wtmA? n m "stew ' s t h f ? mmen wtcn ânt af^t (ji:)-n ncsf
wtntw îmiiPiii NS n?*ffnwin fnfw^ f f n t n ( ^ L L i ) - ' i t n fnf%tnin i wtmn ne,'wT5fn' latsin cmn wtfn n^ ( j j ^ i ) ncA
w f f n e n n cêa nfnnw t t n t e i i wtmenn nc, t n n t f ntst jix. "ste ct^ NS w s f m f i wmtm t n n t ^ f5tfnenn mtn
f n f f w n f A ^ m^nnf 'wt^ttn-ân nesf m n ^ nfnntet fwfnNS 'wtnn-c^ wtaiA? t w ( j i j i ) nrnfss nfnm f n ^
t n n t f ffsemn
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Contents
wm 8olr 'WW?tWwtft%
row I rortfwitew w o T O f Q t r o sfin *i?i<t>if? rotw? te f e f (ttw w f t ? t r o t - ? ff wtettff) wf,
jiji wRei^Hj t w e J cjV)) twfIR tttl^fett? c^jû ( w f f f t f t R t t ) ^8 fju w f ffff?
wfii tttw? mit? WffffRe wf?1t? tff|[f ts? 11?sf (<_5jU)Wtl
t r o w R ' r o t?? ?iroi (?) w f w t s f ' w t f t w ? te w r w n wit? WfR wteW5W? f f t t t ffe^tffw? w?w?tt
ffW?
t ^ (6jiji)tt??Titi3ffttroiwte? fJic^ c^m f tf îic^-t f T O t tT?t ftffte istcTt, f t ? f t ? wtw? j^ I
fffCf wf%ef w!???ro???i, s t f f t t ^ w t a t ^ f f R X a j j j s ) Wl?tl?'fl t^? T I I t l w R f f C ^ c w ? Cft? f f t W t f i l t
t5?t? t f t ff^. I .*
t?e?? tfctt? t g ? f ? t e ? ro?? i w ft?i?t w w f f t t w ^ w?f?i
ilfft t t t t t f f f rot ttft'ft-ft wt-'f? ff
i t t t e t ? ffe?tt ^ ^ e ftro t f t f t c ? ? i
wie?tffo, ?t<3tT|-wit%l ?t wpnt?t (twt. W . Ivanow, f f f f t ? (i) Wtt-^?Wf, Wr-Wftf1, 'Wft?' tf?R; ( ? )
*8 ?Si>)-m w p p ^ 7p>tef i t wttrott A Borisov Ob iskhondnoy tochke
(jj^)-^ cfRe ?Ttwt w ? t t^m% ^?Rtf WW ttt, volyuntarisma solomona Ibn Gabirolya, in
t t r o t f g t t f f R ? f?t?3Ft roitt (ji-Aj) t f f t ' w t f w , Bulletin de FAcademie de I.U. R. S . S . , 1933, %
j ^ i - i i t r e t ? fftttif% t e t I ilt t t t t ^ wtfitt^Re^ Hdi-bb; (o) H; Corbin, t?f? t W t t W ? Wttftt-
t ^ JJ t e t t t t f f j f t T I W W W ^ fwffwt Judah tfWWWt, fftw (Etude Preliminaire), % Hd; ( 8 ) I.
HaleWi-il? Ctt roWfftt W'SW ft? W W W r o t Goldziher, Le amr ilahi (ha-inyan ha-elohi),
Kuzari WW fftf& i i i f f t C f Halewl-Cf t T WfTO fftc C h e z Juda Halevl, in REG, ifeoe :i-8i; (e) L.
wfttrofe^we?? t w f f ? e c t w r o , wit? t t t w i i f t Massignon, La Passion d' al-Hallaj, c^t., >5J?8 f . ;
t w (tWT. Hlrschfeld, ^. S4i), wf?ftef W f t f W T f (b) S. Pines, Nathanael ben Al-Fayyumi et la

theologie ismaelienne, in bulletin des Etudes
i l f f t f f ^ ? f t w ? ^ ro??, W W t f t ? W5tw (ft jL^) ftft
Historiques Juives, f f t e w iJ!)85} t - , 1- H f . ; ( s ) ^
(_) . A ) ilts, 'Wfft W C f W t^? ^5tW fftf (ttfS fTS^,
Cttf, La lorigue recension de la Theologie
'J. 8 ? f.)
d'Aristote' dans ses rapports avec la doctrine
f?wie?? is s es wfWe? ff%e cftt cftt tt? wft?ef
ismaelienne, in REI, 1954; (b-) J. M. S. Balyon,
t f t f ( j L L ) - i l ? f f Tfro (J-.IX*) t w f?t T f I ilt Wfft?
Jr. Amr in the Koran, in AO. t i w t t ? ffR-W'?if
t f t f - i l ? wf T I tftw? 1,1^1 t w rot T ? I ilt wtft? m\ t t f ' w t f t R - f t f t f - i i ? w w g . f ' ^ i f t i t t f t w I
t t t f - i l ? Wf T I t f t r o i a L . u j i i l t ? w t i t (L^l^j)tTWW
S. Pines (E.I.^âW.W.t.)/
fft T l I Wtt?-il? w f T l tftwt WtJf wfrotcf f i t {% i l . i l t . i l t . t l T S f ? ? T I R iet
f f f t w , f f ^ ??f) wtw 'wro' w f t f t f c ? ? fit w
^ ? ? i T f ?ftfp5? il?? f t t f w f f t f f ? (L;ji_) t f t f e ? ? ^ *^5im 'îif^tfiij (^^ CHSJ-^) 8 t f ? W R ? t f ?
wtw f t f f ? t f t f ? (. ' w t w t f f f f??w) I tttt wr?wtt wtt'Wf f r o f t t w t f f t w t I tro f f w 'wtffffi f l e t ?
tf? T'twt w t t ? <a t t t e f ? t e w wffi fffwew (g. W t f f t f R - W t t W f - i l ? f r o w w ? ?Tt^ 1 f%ft W l f W f R - W t ? W f
Massignon, Lapassion d'Al-Hallaj, ? t . , '{>?s, (5.)-m t ftftf-ii? ffft f ? c t ? W W i l f t t ? t - w ; # f f c f t f t
Tff?-?) I f C t t f f f t t t f l c t ? (Cftif Rbttb? Wf?? C W f - f f t l f c f f t W %
Cft? Cff?ttt!rf 'fcf i t roro ^ p f % r o t ?t?ic?ttft ??, g. 'wftTOrt f f t ^ - w ? f ? fn) Iit ff?t?wft t w t ? 'wtt?
W t f ' s t ? ! (^. (?e)-ii cftftw w t t ? f e r o wef tfetfflff W l f r o W t f f W We t f R ??, ftsf c t t t t ? W T C f fw^ W f ^ t
ffteftet? tft i t fftcftet? t ? , f f % t , fteft t t w wet f e ? mi f f f Ttttw ffwcw ?ftiw ? f f w ww ?? i w ? e f w
(CJ.^) W W ^ f W ^ f e t ? f f wteffff ?t i ?w w t t t f fref fro rot ?? I wttt ( f t t f t r o w f
Wfct? f f f t f w f t
tt^3Wf?t-tff1 {% Goldziher, in REJ, 1905 ^. v , WCttftW (Zenobla)-?ief t W ^ ? f i w t f w c f f t W t t t ftw
ffw 8 ) ^ W f f f t ? Wto? ? T ? T f t ? C f f t t f w w - i l ? t e t J ; i t ?ji f f f e t 'wtt? W t f f f s w R w w f f f t T t il?? f r o f r o
fff1t w t f - w ? ? f w t f ? f e f f f W f t - f f w t >8ro-ff?tt-ii ?TSittf f f t ? W f t , I W 8 t ? t r ^ S f f fRt??-il? R T t W ? t f f
(twt. w t ? ' r o w ? f f?'twt, tt?e?t i S ) 8 b ' t - , ^ t . , iib-) c f f e t (i&t?tfff'fftfc??tT? ffwtf tft?t.?ft?fe?)ttc6Tg
t f i f f ?ft?le? I w f t t t - ft"fWt?? ( t W I . Corbin, 'J. i8<?) ffj? ffrow*j f r t fftc t i f W f ToTf ftte t ^ w i
ttwf ft'SCftt
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Contents
'wmtfn'wi?fn>sinif wm tsn 'wtsmt (nt)

wtsf) Se?infKS fsssn tmt i msm, w m t s n 'wifiisj, 1n1n tnmn atActs fe^ fwft f R fjm 'stew fcn ttt%en i wtf
fftn n t m % w m ^ RpR, wtms w%^ n^tef m?iA ssst Smm .(m) wtmn tnmn stAt mtesf wtmn fnss? ^ e w f n
fSjA (Caussin de perceval, Essai, At., o e , wtms ânsf? A t f ^ n<^ ssesn ntmn f n s w AtewcA, w t f t ^ f c t
si6tî>ii IFYB-B-B- j. ninm Scan s#?iic^, R^ .^fwrn^ncts ntfne^ fwfn cttnntfn nem f n n f ^ cnf^cw t t n i wtAtcns
new fwfn iitr ns,nsWF ntw^ ssRnrc^) wfsss^ ntntsrs tntAC^ fwfn tntA nftm ntm ^^fesnmi fwfn nen nsfnewn,
f^*tmf%frcw wtms mens Scan sItsicA i wnsfne^ wntm sfstOTS f R fwts nem csstn nsmtt ntt i w t Smm fniss at^n ffw;
mtnitn wtmn ntn Sean ntmn tît smtPtw sn cn, wtmn mf^c^ ntfcnn Stsstn m ^ f f ^ ^pfncw ttes m i wwsts
i^fÂlfns" m^nm <3 csemRm ntatn n6ntn# < M C * I S wwn tAsen fwfn ffwtft MM 'wtfnens nftw m^. ^^fnm 'csnn f n S^'
wmtm mntn >^fwmfnns am Ate ^ t n ^ n?ntn% wtfnn wtfnew mftenn i "wtfnn S ^ tnenn, n w âss nrf^ w t f n f s
fnstncin wm sinssstts cnnnsnn wtms ntcsin ninms S > I S S I C A ' 1 "an?, ^cnn, fnfn wtms ^^Tistn tntA Atew mfnc^ '^t^ ^gss n w
cnt n w 3stn fc^si '^m nf^ntfln Smens mtnit memt ScRfct fncss w t ^ ssRmn 1 WtAtn f n t ^ten S^gn f n I fwfn WtAtess
n ? t n ^ wtfsms ^fsmcin I fmt wtmess cnentfnm Rsfftsic't n f A w ssRmn, 'cnt nrf^ w t t n n ntntn fnen ^ wtAts
cimte f'tm sifssnt wtme^ Scstnntn (Aurelien)-ias ^^fnmn w f n n t ssfn i' tAts t s stew Rfn n w tnmnns n ? ^ st
wmit< nsmtntcA, fnfn 'sj^tc^ mnils?i ntwj wfnnsts
A I O - O ttessn I ^nsfnn wtmn wtfnwtesn ntntn tttm n w w t t n n
ssfssifi,cn*t I ^fsenn i fnwew wtmn nft ntê, nsfnm cnt fss^ fw^tm
s r ^ t f t 8 (i)wTftsf,mtsrssins in., A O O , en., A I S . , ^n., nfncnn I t m s tn fwR tnntn itAt s^fnenn I ntfîatA (n)
AoS); (A) t f n fwtsm, m'wiRF, mncm ioeo/isios, A O A ;
WtAtem "^ttca fffsm nttsts Re<ft f ^ sftenn s ntn wtmn n ^
(o) wtmff; ( 8 ) tsfn-wt%, fn<^; (e) ntn*^, fsiw, on., ^tew ftwscn ntntn ttten wtn wtntn nftw mntw i
iiro t . ; (to) msfstft, f'win, Aoe; (,H) m'wtfgft, f|mnn-^, wwsts sif^fliA (^)-M ftwses R^nn tn fwfn n f n t n wttnn
^j. eoe; ( b - ) ntnmft, sstnem i o c A ft., in., A 8 O - I . An., i w - e , nsRm nifiaiA (n)-4n mmsn mw nsfnenn i sif'âiA (n)-tan
i8e; 0) Caussin de Perceval. Essai. A t . , i b r - 8 o ; tRsstenn t n fwfn fnlnsis (tm) 5fnm mn ânt cnttte^
( i o ) G. Rothstein, Lahmiden, ntftn ibrJJ %, 1n<^ i nnnmssBR i ,
Ch. PeUat (E.I.^)/ f. WtSfn m ^ ÎsjhftilA (n)-as Rp? A t e fwfn m^ A f f A n<Rt nscsn i
*^5rm *^5fT^ >QTrT^ ( j j _ ^ ) s wniem 8b1?n n w A f f i ^ ttâm nts i ntrnfenn nem t f n
wtnenn fnmtw fts t nsfiw wtcA, cn -anstft ns3 wttentfln n m * ^ (m) w i f Smm wm-mftf (m), M?\ t s n m'n (m)
fsstfnm nsfnew n ^ J^; *wtf (m)-n wnntfsn wtntew nnnessn voifstfcws nem n f A f n t f f n ntnw, m'ntn tnn w t f w t n A i ,
few ((? f t . ) f ^ I ntt ( j j wtntw ii:Ao) *wtnnenn M^ f m n n tnn 'wtfnn, 'wtnfs-ntA'nm tsn 'wtfnn, âptnn t f n
f W n w t f ntatnatftwiAinfnf&'^cwAtfAm=int nscsn i t f n
cnsfRn mn, ftfswt wcnss c ^ f R n mn wfntes Rewcnn
mnnsnn^fnw I A'lwicss new fwR w ^ t # m "S^ntn (m)-tiin wtnenn c t n
fness ftnen t i % w t w n i M ne wtfn f ' w t f n w ttnnmen
m?ntRsesstn
fwfn tRssm sjcsn i
^^15 *^5fHM (<... .f ^ j j ^ ) 8 wm-fmft a t ^ t f t 8 ( i ) tsn m'n, wiw-wmtssf^-fnm, tnstw m. R
(m), tnn wtfns, <awfn atnn fcnn ntAtft i WIAJS fnm wtf
S t . , Ais-is., H t . , soo; (A) t f f n w t f n , S n f n - t t m , cAntn
ntilA; ntf fmsn cmea wm^tAn w n i wtms w^ji wtRn mm
i o H i R, S t . , i A o - A i ; ( o ) t n n Atwts 'wm-'wm^tnt^,
mnm i
wm-tntm, fnnn i o A b R., t., e-to, nttit es.oo; ( 8 ) tsn
WtAtn mfn wfstft twin tnmn stAi<>ll1cws nem 8< nrf^ i
'wtnfnn-ntfs, wm-tmft*w, t n t n t n m f ^ nf|[esf^, fnns
sftnfnss f c t nwtn wtfnn nsfsm tnmn ^jAn nsnw fnw -itmsstn
i o A b R. At., 8s.b-eoi; ( e ) t f n Atwts w m - ' w m ^ t m f ,
stwjtswn ssesn i wwstn ntnmn fcws t n mm fnwenn attften
wtns-ftfw-wtAsln, tsntw ios.e/iS)ie, At., HS, n t t ntoAS>;(to)
nftmn w t t n n nsenn mi n ^ fnwen wttsJAt nscsn i w n t i
W t n w t n new S ^ fcwn t n fwfn ftwsw nsfnm n%nn wtn-ntAlf, W t f f n w t n m t n - n t s t m , tnniw, m.R, i t . , 8 i o ,
wttnn sjcsn mt sif<faiA (n)-'as niAi>*f mw w n i nttrt sstos; (H) mtm f f e w , f s s cattmnn, m^ is.iA
M nfmncw fwfn sffnw ntAtft wtf msn wtn-f^'ntftn f., i t . , iS.i I
tsftcas mm flenn i <3t w i n ^ w % i
tnntf ff^csstn
t.RêA
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Contents
'wm t w 'wi% wtt-tmt 8io
ftRt f t w J t f w f W f f f f t w f e w I f w e f t t w e t ? t f f w
...^ I ^ L o ) g OTT - f o c r o , %?fm ' W W WSft I ?4>l t f t w te? f?T ?s I f r o Wft Tf?f wst, e? R s f - f ?
f r o w T f T O % wt-fro1%f w f i t 7 % ftrw? c r o w ? e t e ? ? w ? t f t R t t e ? f t f i ? t f ? T r o I cf??t ttwtc? f t w ^
flRm c f c t I ffstw WTC?, Rft s f ^ R f o t w w f ? cwros tftro fref >s?5ff f f6t?ff wfff f i t ? fffe CtW ro I fe? i t
?5ftw - f ? ? f ftew cwros fIfwr C^PPIC^-T ?ftw wtwcf ^ t wet mm wtewfs ^tc? I t f f w t f ? f ' w i f t w (W)-? f f w w w e t
wftft ?w T I I f r o t W e f m f t WtR? w f t f s f w o wie? i ( w f t i bo R. f t f ) c t w i i f w f t c t t f t w t f e w I
f r o f pttw (w f T O W ) m w ? wiRro ftct? i m r o t r o f t f f f Wt3tt
w ^ p t ? ( t ) - i i ? f c t t T t t t cft3i ?t?
Rft 'wrocf ^ ?ftw roro f w i ctt, f g t wft? f ? wRw. f t f t t f t f I t w ^ t f t ( f f W f t - f W W f , % iS>8, t t w s w
wtc? ro? ilt R t t e w f c t t t f ttwwj ^stt ^tc? i 'wtt? w t t f f , t t # t ) - i i ? tt 'wtt? t w ^ w w t ? f f r o wfîw?
f r o ttw twR ftrgR fftw ?iw?if WW wft wtet? ( t ) - i i ? W f t f ? f f f t t t w (fft 'tw?w t?fft-wtft? t w
ftiww f e w I ftsf wtwroct? tc?T f i wt?f we? f r o ft 'Wt?tft-fWftR)-il? tft '^?tf?t t t t w f r o t i f t ? t t C f W f
ftiiRi ?jiw t t t ? c t t w w t?fw cww wRm Rft f ? f f t f w t 'wtw f t t t ' i i ? ffaitet? t e t r t w f W T I I f r o f s ? t w t w
W f t t f ftew? trro tft ftro f i t fftw tpt rot f T o w m ? f t t f c t ? W T f e t ? w?rt tfft t t c w few f T t t w w w i
i t w t t t t t t c f w ^ T o ftwe? w?tw tsftw wftte^ twR ft3p? t w Ttwi? ( W T f ? , b-t, >b)-ii? tfft W f t t f t t t t r o t w i t t ? t
?#?t ctWojtt W W . I TOW ?f?ftfe W Rft w t f?,R ftfct? w t f t t i t n I'
?sw f r o StWlttCf WtTO I f C t WTet? tC?T w f t W s f t W?Ift f r o f a t e t ? t c t j w f f i ? , 'wttfW?^ w t t - t t t w ilt? f r o
jtt fc? I fff WTC?, i t t t w ^te ' w r o cwfct? ?ii?t W f ^ f a w i ? - t f t t f t w T f ? t f t i w f f?ct? I t w 'wt?ft't-?t??
sftw ff?ie?' ilt f T O fTfjft? t(S? -^tftel.i 'witew c?ef ?et?, 'wtf? t w ttttjt-? i i f f g w t f ? r o w (W)-ii? ? i 3 i t?ct?,
w w w R t f f f e t t s ? 'wt?e? ^ fe? w ^te ffwt? f t ? tfft f r o f T T t f e ? ? t l w # i R cf1fe ft? (g. wfft "ttttftt-
fe? I f ? ? f ?net iifteft w t t e w f s i wttw f i t w f wrftfw 'ttt,'it., 18) I
ffft few I 'wtw f t t t t i e t ? tfsi Cftcai? ( ? i f f ) tft ^ R ? w ^-GTO
w?wf?fcWt t w 'WIW t f ? t w w t f t f f t f f ^ f f r o ( w ? W ) w w w
f f e ? I C f t w t w w R t t ^?etfff f t t f c t ? f f f t ^tc ^ W f
' ^ S f t ^ ^ '5B<5l?lf ( ^ e ^ j ^ ) s W f t?TO
( ^ 3 1 ^ I ) w f f i w f f t w j f w e f T O f f w f W t?.3Ffw W f t R w
f f f t t f ' w f t f e t ? w?jt I ftet f?ct? WW? wtt-wtf (?)
f t f c t W W t f 'wtw W t t t f f r o c t t f w w t wwwe?
il? f f twew? W f t f I fc? cw? f f t t w w r o fftet w r o
w f t R f g f W ? ff??ft?tt? ( t w f t ' t , i / i t . , 8o-8(?;
w t f t R i t e ? - ^ fc!^ Rft ?TRW t w C ^ ) - ' ^ Wo f ? t
WI-Ttlf, tftfw i , i o b - J ; W l t - W f f , w f t , i t . , ?brc.;
f e w I f r o wftw w t t ^ f f f wtw ro w t , e? f r o
W t t - f T ? f , W t ? - W f W - t f f , i t . , 8b-; t w ? t f f , W t -
ttwtf?fet?w:tTff?t?ff ' ^ f w ^ tffTOfTO WW fftn
f?:twt?, % i ^ ? ; f ? v ^ - f t r o , o t . , i ? i - ? ? ; Wt?t1ft-
f?ct? I f w f ? "GtifetT? f ^ ft?Tte? f ? t i f f ffww wft
w t f ? r f , , i t . , ^'jj, t w t i t W f t t R ) I w f t - f T ? f ( i ' ^ . , ? i G - )
f t f c t f f f t f f f t t ? tffet t i f e t ? tet ctTWlt f e w i 'wi??if
t t w , c t w i f f i?fcw? t w i i f T f f '?iwfgef f r o w m
" t f w W T t - W t f T W tft f r o w w w t f f f f t W f f?t.l T ^
? f f ? W ffJP? f f t w ct? I wt? c t f f f ? f t w ttc??
^te ftffw w t r o f ? ise/i^b? wet w?TO w t f fte? f r o
t t t t t cfteai # t f t fttte? w t f i ? f c ? if??. ' w f ? f fw f f w w
f c ? I wgf? f r o ctet? w ? f f W f f t ? t t t c t t # w t t
t w f^row, W w t f t f (Wustenfeld), %
f f f # t % (i)
WfffffffW fTf?f f? ft?t? W W f f ( W t f I T ) ^tttftt I
??8; (?) t t ? f t R f t t , ?? ( ? i 8 ; ( o ) Arnold, t t g t j , t t f t f ? ? f f t t t twt? f W t w f t w t f w f f ? f W ?
Al-Mutazilah, p. 22f,; ( 8 ) W f ^ , f?iW, ^t., ??i; ((t)
fft?tf?Ct?l
Houtsma, De Strijd over het dogma, % <?i f. i
t w f t f ( 8 / i t . , ib-?-b-o)-ii? t f w W f t t f 'WfW t w
t i R ^ t t w f ffScftt
t w t n c f ??? ^ t?e<i? few t w w f e t ? ffffea ctw f f w f i t i
*^5fm^5PT ABwiiiJi ( < _ ^ i j ^ ) g (w) t w f f f f f f t f c t ? t ^ ^ c f w t f o c ? ? f ? f t s i f o te? t t w t
f?1?tft ( t w ''TOfW?] t w t ? t t (g. Wustenfeld, t?ft; f r t W W i t f c w few ffttif T r o f ? cttwaptw t w w f w
t W T t W , WttW?t ilfW? w w f f f f ?Tf^lW? ( t ) - i l ? f C t i f f tft'offro w t f t ? W W t f ? t??fe? i l f f t f t f f f t f t i t t c R c f
t t w f tffCft?
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Contents
wntsnSnnm (ST) 8bi rnms tsn Snnut (st)

omt w csn wtstf f>i=iiiH fAlfesMW n w (?p;3w ttitn nfnstfAn, fAtmn (n) wmtens f n w f s met wtfnew mes
AS I wnn sif^[gtA (n) "ws tsn Snrnit (nf)-c^ fnnntnws (wm-mmtf, trsA' wm- fnntfsn-nstfn, i t . ,tos.)i nsn ^fit
NssstmSt NS fmtst wts wm AfsTtt (tR^tnsT) catsn w n i fStnRns n s f f e n n nR tm* Seatj cs, n t f ^ ^ (n) n w
f s t ^ - m f t w 'tt Scan WTCA, "Ws tsn SnrsTT >^ nns ts. atstn fnwn nnts, ntt wtf f^Fstn, fîiii t f n wtnn * m^Nanm
tnnin 5}At sscsn ntt r t f n Smnn-(i)s wm Stestw ttittmfAcnn i fAfsn * mns*nR
ttwft 8 ncn cn msswn fsTfatc^ R's nfSnt catst w t wtm 'SfAt ^fne w f w w , ff^ WTf fsmtn wrst stAtnsfnm
Atsiflt mi siAiiiscs' "wtRs tsfw-^5TFtsn sits ffstnmwspwt tftnenn nem n^Sn ssfsm cnn (wm-m'ff, A t . , an) i n t f f ^
s>fsst ASTt s#si%t WtAtcns ncsj "wmn t f n Sntnn (st)-* Rcnn (n) R f n tfnmet n f m ^ c w wTf fwtcnn f n ^
mi R R t mm srfe R R lilt f t m A^rt^'a êw im mnwtn fnfnncn catnt wtn nrtttni? >iit nnnsstst nBm (g.
titntRenn i "ws tffw-^-stsn >at sRst wtAtc^ A W T T stew wm-nrmt^,- msA fnsiRn-^mfts, i t . , / l o ; <^ cnt^,
csAtt Rnt%, "wmtn ntwt iiin# ^ftwnm wtntn wtn ntnw wm-nrsfw', i o t . , S>A) I tm* fStnfw^ ssnwast ^îssf?
nsRntUcnn i" "wn tsn Sntnrt tnfcw nfnt atwrtnôcnn nnn wttfnets'ên* wrên A*mnfnsf mt, CSCA? tAts Scsftj fln
n t w ntf^fssntcnn f t niRs nft ^^tms nt^^ A S I wiAjcnnc^ fsintennnN|ltmsn I
sif<faiA (n) Rntt^ sfntn ^^Rnt%nn, fs?^ " W n t f n Sntnrt [iit tntcn ntf mnm * ntf fmwt cttean n m w
wwrc atfwcttcnn net Sscs> Awit w n i sifîaiA (n) ât f w mmf nne^*,mmn m*m mn i t n n m'n (s/it.,
ntntn tttst RAcnn S^sntfssstftcnsc^ f^ntw nt cttRw t t w i n oA-oo)-iin n'=Rt wfstf mfâiA (n) ^winn tsn Sntst (m)-css*
"wmn tffn-^*m. (m)-'fis n w n f f nsRrsrflennl i ctrfn
^ nnn w * f f f nttrss ntAtflc^ wrs#ctn nrcn w t ^ nttwt-fsntenn n ^ ntfrnnmnnft ctest^. nrf^.fnnit.n^tf
^fnnt w-ntift' nmss ^^tcn twn m A S I ff^Âtcnn ncsr n^ fln I lilt nstnett silfiaiA (n) nwfm w n n ^ ^fse wrfn
'^ptnnc^ n w w n n n>lnst RsFs nsfsnt cn*nt AS I wwgtn S'Rsiflcn'i I nsm^scn 'wmn t f n Smmt (m) c w êsrsien
S,ncsn ncsr ttttfswtcn wtAtem An ^Rnt wtAtn ntt fnRw wtms nft ^ c w ' f n f ^ ?tm t e ^ mi nsn ntf ntnm ctta ^st
W W 1 fpttstntnt AS nfcss few wtf fwtcnn m f a * ^ s mtef t n n tm i tf^-^*mnnmnf? c5n t i t m ; ^ ^ ttssftm
RA sten en m cs^ness cttten nfntn catnt w cnn cn mnfcfis mm mcfm fent wtAienn *iintm wfwam w n ; wwstn
wnc^ sif^'âlA (n)-'an atitntt w i fs?^ >at nwng f m ttst wms t f n Snisji (m) fnmtcn wtmn ni^n.nR fnfnw stm
te I lat tfncaff^ ntf^tiTA (n) 'wtnn tsn Sntsrt * ntnnt mesn I wwstn wnf*it n w fnm mnm nm^ AS I
tsn nttinics> n w catnt w n cnn tftnn (nt)->an ntt ^ ^cw ftwf nt nens ctnwtet tnnrn >stAt,wtn, w i ^ wtmtm
ntnitntnfwnnm^ w n lantwrffwine^NS Awnncsn i t f n fnfw^ cnetn tmnsswtenness t a camtmen mwt#s men fnftw
ntm (Vi>n.,tovtiiR)-'as n<nt wfntft wtf f w m n ^ tfs, n t f ^ ^ (n)-'iis tattfn 'wtns t f n Smnrt (m)-'iis mmesit
wtAtnt tstnn (nt)-Niin ntt S w nsRc wm ^ntRcnn i caffsw AS *iint t t w a|>alsiH AS, îit nncnt Afstm wn^tnsw
W f t R 'wtns (nt) ^^1% n W Iwn nrRe^ Awyt w n ânt wm STI Atfm fsne wtf fwrn-îis mfâtA (n)-iiis ttesntm
tfisswnc^ G J t n s w n#st îfRw nfmn,ntnt wtcnn mt siffaiA fnmAn^ (wtw) ntmn nsfnm wtAtess liit ntfn^ atnm ssm
(^)-m nfet wtAtnt nn isfissf afntn w n i AS, fwR cmt S^ Atfm (m)-nA w t t w fnnmnetmess n w
wm-ntf ft (At., nenn, 'wmn tnn Snrsjt (nt)-c^ fAtfwn ASSS Rtm Atsrf n*-f>ifnvi, ntet nsfnm nfrnn
ntff-fn cttea fw * fnt%t t t ^ oaist w t AtsilAt i R i R R wtcnn I lilt mfmf 'wtfn (m) f^îcst n t f nscsn (tfn ntn,
SATC nt^pnj ntw ^Rew ttenn mt I 8/it., ilrvs tItR) I
tffn-wtft (wm-fnwtwm, At., vv)-^n ne en, wm ftwf nnn net, wtff few fnrAm-wtnmn wfwsten ASSW
newtotftwfe n w mm 'sm tnt f f ^ citt cnn en, .ntfn ttRn (m)-* flenn i fnt[n-winmn--'iin t m ^ Snsrmncnn
nenAfw ( a . >) t^n n^ nt^ nsfnm wn^t ^^Rc* mm osfsswtcss ntntn lant f f f f f f ftjsM fwnn; (ttfrnw) nrnft
m
AtsifAt I i^t ntnsSntcn nwtfenn fSmwt * ntnfnss nstnet
siffaiA (n)-iiin n f e t cÂiemn ntfrn^ t t f n n (m) wrmst Stn
If fat A (n) wtAtenn wm tw frnn-Nsn ânsf? cmtt wtns
wft S'Rstflct'i (wm-îs'f f , wm-tnm, i t . , 8to8) i
'wtnn t f n Smmt (m) ntnw carst w n cnn fwR Sm n w
f ^ i f ntn nens wtsstR nncn fntsnrm wm-nsmnm (g,)
lifngwn ncsr fnnt ^wn i tme wtf s[wtn mttfn '^m
nf*mcn mR ffnm stffatA (n)-'iis n f e t t a camt
t n n t f fnjtemn
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Contents
WIT? T W F # 5 T L 8i?
f f t t t ctt teat? t ^ c f f i r t ? t l f t f 'wit? t ? t t t l t n Rothstein, Lahmiden, ?fR? ibrfefe, {. <\b-x (b) O.

(?i)-ii? t - f ? ?]w T t ^ f f t f t t f , w m i ? i f t - w t t t i ? , tigftifti, Rescher Abriss, i f . , 'Ti-o; (H) Brockelmann,
t ^ ) I w?ctc? ftft t f ? m f t t f R fttrst f f t ? t ti??Tf? tfttft, i f . , 1. *b-1
trm? fi#rc? ?t?tt ft?? ( t ? t t f t , s / i f . , i b - O ) m i Ch. Pellat (E.1.2)/f. ^ f , ^ ^
c t t t i t t t ftft t f t f s ??ct t f % f i t ?sc?t (tf? Tiwt?, w i r f t ,
b-t., 1. -b) I *RT^ ^ tfRlf^ (6_>^ s w f ttttf
'WTt? t f t ttttn ( ? t ) - ? t w w t attit t l f j ?it?1 ?ft?lC? I wit-wf?ff, t t f t f t ctteat? tfaj j_) 1 t?5flfew f f f w t ? f
f?t?t?f F R C F WWTW Bf?, f f t i t i t ?5ft ? j R t f t t t tc? fft w t f f f w tfw fc?? mi?ft?te flfwfe? f t f w f t t t ft??tt?ct?
m i w t T C f f t t t w? ft? I ftt wtc?,.f?tji wtft? T t t t t s ' ( c t t c ? f f r ? tiwt wtft-ttntt [g.j-ef tftt? f f t t t f l c t t ,
t t N j t c ? 'wtf? 'witn? ( ( j ^ j j ) j j JÎ'LL^ CH J - > - " ctte?f f f f w t # ? t cfett^ ?jf^?ttf?T?iet f t w f f t t f l c t ? ) 1
ffsf f?t? trtf? f W e w % 'wi?f wttt t i e f?t? W f t f ?
...All :^^lw?i 'wit? t f t ttmt? ?jf^cf? f t f t
w t ; f t t f t j t r msft f ^ t t f s p t f f >^fwT W f t t f f f f t?t?
?ftt f?T ?t?IIC? I
fftffsie? tt f f t t f t c t t , w t t t e ^ wtt-wittt*? t?i? ttai
atft i t s sf?c^ t t l t f ? ? t t f ? W ( i ) t f ? 'W1?ftt-?t??,
m - w f ? t i f , w t f t t i f f t (wttt w f t - t f f t t f ? w t ? t t t ) t?i?
Wtt-ttt'wt?; (?) t f t ?TSff?, W1t-ttt?1; ( ) tfjpT-Wlf?,
we# m i t t t t w f t - w f t t t f ( w t f fwraffw) t t t ? ^ - f f t t i f
t t ^ - t l ? l tJlftc WtT? t i c t ? t t t r w t c g t f ? t ?t?ilc? i
w?tw f?ct? I f ? t ? fteftf f?t f f f f t i ?j?T f R t ? f ? ?j??t? I
i|Wf f f t f C ? ? t t # 6 t?t? t i t t t ? ^ ?? I
wff ttftf w w w f c ^ stcfg afctwf f?ct? ttfft tfft f ? f T f I
^Ttflt T t f f s t ? (tl.tt.t.)/ i l . C f . m . f S F t w t t t
iit'sftr ?tcc? f f w t f t t t f f ' t - t t t t ? f f s w t f t - t t ? t I
^srTsRf ^ i f W r ( 4 ' , , -A j j - ^ ) s tf?f??ft?
wtt-wittw f ? t ? (snwi ?M^c-*t? wttwt fIctt I
(ttft?) t f ? t f t wtt-f?l^ ?t?5? ctlcat? f T t t t f t W t l t t t i t f
F F F I t S ( I ) w t f t w , t t t t t , 8 f . , ? ; (?) cttf,
*tttt? f t f - t t t f 'wit? ?sft I i?t? #?c?? mRtai f W w wit?t
T T t t - G f R , of., (tâ-b; (o) ff?ffw, ' J . hb; ( 8 ) f f o f , f t f r i ,
?l?t wift wt?f >tcc? f t ? ff?j ti??tt t f ? t f t - m t t t w tf?tt,
?f., ?8fe-(ô; ((^) ^ c t t f , f t T f t , 'J. O-bt; (b) f t l t f ,
?i?t? f t wt?tcf fttttrf f ? i ? C5tf f f f t t f i t m i t t f t - f T t t
^5T?Tf iw, 5. I O F E ; {H) W i t t t f , f t T , % b-?; (b-) t f f W , t t t t t ,
( 5 . ) - m ttt f ? l ? ?l??Tlt^?lt t f t ' i t f t f wt??l? twtftte?
i8f., I O I - ? I
(ff'?, ^j. i ( ^ ) ftft t t f t - f T?ct? ffwt ifc?? t ? 5 ? t c t ? WWf??
ED. (E.1.2, Suppl.) / ^ p m t t t g f ?
f l C t t , f f s f W i t T f ? t c w (i^bt., ibCt-b) 'wit? t t t f f C f l
t t f w T l ^ t t fffwc?? tetr t i w i t e t m i tiTttiît? f t c Q 0 s ftf-ttwf
o-i J j -
'WitC?? f f f T f ( ( ^ S o -8 <t8o '^^tCR? t t T f S t t t c ? ) , t1?tCW t f t ? f f t ; fl1? fftjet f f f cffat t t t l ? f f t W t t - f T t f T i
wi?t? t i t t t f t t tt? 'wit? wtt-tTt' C i t f t ) 1 ??/b-t f w t f ? (B.)-'m c^tfru f?ct? I 'f?f f t e t t f f f t t r p t w mitft? wttf^t
WTttft^sfftt f s f t l ^ f w f r ? tsffwT t t t C t l b f t t f t t f (B.) ctteai?i^[fittftf f t t f t t f t f t t t T t I f T ? # ? f t T e f
t ^ f f f t f ttCf?, t f t f t f f ? S f t ^ t W f ? WtT f ? t ? f f Itf WiSft wtttet? W t f c t f t t f t f ? f f f t f e w f t T ? w I wfietT m # e
ffttte?, Ch. Lyall f ? f ? The poems of 'Amr son of W t f t t t f f (?^V ^ f C R wit-ft?t? ?TWf 'wtt? t f ? f t ^ C f
Qamiah, Cftftw ifeife, f C f f f f w l f t ? t ^ t t W t t i e t f w i f ^ f TTt f ? t ? wfff t f f w?ft f f f s ?t?ilc? I w t ? mftc i&
Wfttt ffftfc?? 1 i i f t f?c?? wt? i i f f t f f W t t - f ' f f t t f f R - f f f ' ?
titt?tte? cte?f f f f t f t f t f w t ttet tfffSw, cttc?f (*Vo-'5jo?'^.)-m ffsFCf f c t f f t ffgifiTOs f t f w t ? wifj f i t
m t t t i f f t ( t f ? i t ) - t t f wttet? t t t w f ? t e f t t ? t ffsiw t?t fltttc? I ' f f ? f w r f ? f t t f f w s 'wit? t f t f t f t f n ?
t t f f ? tc? I i i t t i t ? T f w i ? tetr ?f??ie?? w t f t w t t - t t f ^ f f a i w t t f t t t i c f ? c t l f c t ? ftft i i f w t i j f w ( f f f
( B ) - m ffwt 'witfsii? ( w t f t t f t i ? ) t f t f T f *wt ^3 f f t ttf'wt f'wtwtie?? w w ^ ^ ^ t t f t t f f w -ate?!) t f t t r t t t TJFê
t f ? f T f w t w t t - t t f ( 5 . 'wttff, f t W f f t f , i^bb-) I t f t t w ?t?iic?'t I i l t t f t t t f f f w f t - f ? t ? trsftct? w f t t w i
fffil^ s f^trct? tiroet t ^ t,t?sft? tetr f f f : ? t t f f t t t m i wtftftitTt f c t ? ' s t r ^ f ^ f f f ?Tftt
ff^rffwaff tcgtettti s ( i ) t f t f W t t t , f f t , % ? ? ? - ? O ; t f t j c t w # t f t f f f f f c t ? I t e f t t f t f T ? f ? H s ? cfteat? ttt
(?) w t f t f , i-if., i-BO-vb-B; ( O ) t t f t t f , fftttt, ?f., ?81-<2-o; t i t f f l w f r c f f ? f t f f f f c f ? f f i t l f b f ilfft fftwra
( 8 ) C h e i k h o , ?tf?ttftJT, ^. ^S-{>1; w t t o g.; (<f) G. t^ffwrwet w t T C f f c f ? t f t w ' S R J T I te? fffwttt
ttttf fffCfft
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Contents
8iO 'wm t f n f A i %
f"wmww (g.) W T wmm m m m i mt nwff nsn tm atxtft s nsRwt * tms nvicniMt Rem^ ar^Rcw m*m
wwjn wfssncn nRs nsjwr ncA i w tme nnmilwnn mcn mten s ( i ) 'wiss" lisfn, srsffT^-wtmn, aj>-8; ( a ) '^'P. t.
mf nin^ AS (5. îtf ^"mnn) i ât <pRi m ^ 'wrnran wtn* fnwtf, wtn-ntwiRn mfm, 'tsniw ij^sto, in., oojs-ois; ( )
n#mte*tn Stan m^m ntn, mm "SrsI? cai? f ^mnnfcn wtRw; ntntn Aim*ntn, Rn^; (8) tsn fwtnm, R'n ( D e
Krenkow-n nttnmn mm:5%tn iJAA %, f. (?Ji-toii-c5 Goeje), 219-22; [<t) mtVlA"^, m'nrm, Rn^; (to) t f n
srmRw AtsRA 1 sTTss-tnmff cstnmn. n^w lat nsRmt'tsR v ^ , t * t R ^ , A8e; (H) t f n Itmn, Rn^; (v) wtmf, Rn^
i R % f ftR ajt^nrnntnwm Rtrtw i (Retnw isn., Aa-/8i); (?) mnfntf, f'wm, Aob-j; ( i o )
sr^tft 8 ( i ) tnn f W m , R'n (de Goeje), % i i l - A o ; mnmf, Rmm, At., 88*; ( i i ) "wtRf, f'nwtlnss, i(^b; ( i A )
(A) WtfT^*, i i n . , 8A-(?, )fA-too (Cheikho, Poetes t f n Atwin, tmm, n i a-JHo; ( i o ) wtn* C.A. Nallino,
Chretiens, f. iS>H-AAo n ? ^ fn?F^ <iin?, Caussin Letteratura (Scritti, vi), 48 jnsnrf Wfntn, 1to-H); ( i 8 )
de Perceval, Essai sur L'histoire des Arabes, O. Rescher, Abriss, i t . , i i i ; (i<f) Wtn-fmssTS,
nittnn i v 8 i , ^n., otovs-ê, H - V 8 , ns^ns w f ^ ; ( ) msmstntn itoi R , f. Atoi, oo\s i
ntnfntf, f'wtn (Krenkow), f. A O A , Rothstein, Die Ch. PeUat (E.I.2)/wtRm n t ^
Dynastic der Lahmiden in Hira, ntRn iVJJ, f. i o o ;
^srfTRf ^ Tfm*^ (.,i.L^ j ^ ) 8 tsn
(8) Noldeke, Funf Rram iVS>J, i t . ;
IVloallakat,
tfnmfn wTn-m*fens nRs Rcnn i ^ n??fn mi
(<f) wtm ^"mnn, R n wrmtnn-wTft^, wrcm io8e/is>AH, f.
tsntfn tf^-'wtnstn w m - f f (g.)-n mm wi^s i wtmn R m
Ato-8i; (to) Kosegarten nswf fwTatnsln Wfntn ib-iis,
wtn-nrnf^'ess wfcn nss>tR R n m w nn^wn ( o ' . > ^ j
Caussin de Perceval, 1847; g. Brockelmann,
jLLua jJO-iiinnRsRenn I RRRewntnmftenn w f e n m ^
n R ^ it., ^j. eA I
nsRstRenn i nnnf nncn wen^ nenn sRm R R win-m'^?m
R. Blachere (E.I.^)/ f. w t n ^ n t ^
mm sfstn nAmf nfBcss mln^ mnn w n tim?, wtn* n ^ s
'^sffsRT >rr'^<p|l^<t i^j^ jA_a 0^ j_>-x) 8 tnn wtRR mR^nt^ ten wRRo Rcnn I âtnn ten wt%T m w
'wtnfnitA wtn-fntnft wtf m*n, mm ftn 'wtnn cntwt mi RRnctt wfnteftn wRnstf AnnRmnen AS i R^RR^nn*
fnwmn, (wtlt^ * tnntf Swn f t att-st) ^ Rcnn i iwtn m S f n SmR mm wRw An mt i R R n^tw nftw mRte^ ntn
Rtjtw ntmf nRntcn wm^fAn n^cnn lan?, wtmc^ w?nfn cftcsn mi WtAtn ntsm^ttn ^nen wRnten "tfR sn i Ai i/ira ncn
wRnstf cntwf Itnics wtnrtlnw n^m as i Rin wtmn ntn^ntn nRs fnfnnts Stfcn wtmntn wtAtn f ^ as i fwR wtAtn feUtai n?j2Pt
wcntntnwtn-nmmm(2 -i - i ) nRfw ^stm wtftfl) fcn n^ntn ffwe^ wm fnmtw Rcnn lant wtnn sf^wnn wtmn nsntn
wcnns few wttst^n nslnntRcnn 1 io/toi men Rin nfntn est wr^nfntnsnnsnnsRmnTf%tcin i
Snfw ^ tnntn af^n w n , R?[ wtmn mwtlnss #nnntmn t i [ t ^ 8 ( i ) t f n w m ^ , fnn^; (a) m f f , fnn^; ()
c s w t ninmsn wten ntt 1 nmnf ('^)-m Rin ^*in wjtn wmtf, fn<^; (8) wTA'f^tf, RwTfn-Smm, fnn^, * d .
nscsn (iintwtn-wtn*nlfn "wmf (g.)-iiin1ne5tAw?,tsjAn nscsn 1 Sourdel, tVlelanges, IVIassignon; (a) ntSAtsf, ntmtfnn,
(Schwally), fnetnw 8Hvs-\to; (to) n t n * ^ , wtnftA, % a-A;
nf'Ft wtf ntssn (m) n s ^ Rm InegtA nnnnstw Rin n# sn Rin
fnntn tnntnfif^nnscsn mi f R mn 1 ntnfcssn few (ie/tooto) (1) wtmf, w i f ^ (b-) ^mff, w t w , nstnest i&ob-; in., <=[8-(t,
wttst^n w n mi wtn-nsiRnntn few (fn nsn ito/to\sH) Rin ioe. At., Aa--to, Ob-Se; (J) m'fW, tsttn, tot., b-b-Ji; ( i o )
wtmn cnif c<s nRbn cnn 1 wTmn f ^ wtlnn n ^ RR^ feat t f n mffW, sstnem iJ8b % n., ise-b-; ( i i ) fAimn f s n
R^R^n^fnt framnin 1 css^ cssAwtmsf^#nenn nRaRew 'wtf, MMIA iS.A'l f. iJo-Aib-1
f t m^W^ wtenrcss ^mfn f'wtln-m (m)-'iin wtncn wtmn f^ D. Sourdel (E.I.2)/wtfs5m n t ^
n1?ntcA ninm nen nscsn 1 R?[ wwrs Rsncmni r^tsens new WftSRT jj_<^) 8 'Wtscss S ^
R R f n nsn wtn-nsiRtnsi wnm Rmnt^-^ few (Ai/to8i) cwswtntetiswiRstfwttm liintnw fm'wt (g.) cmeats fstpm i
t1%sstn nsRntem 1 fn^mnt mm nRsrwt^ ssRwrsRs fsRttj cncAA fnwtens ne (oscsto/o) nsfm ntnn wtfwn sjnn nfna
RnSmnn?R*âtssTtwf 1 âtnnsn'^lswtnwRntmmt tm w n f t ^ cn, n f ^ nesR fnffn n^cn n^ c n n w wm ntw
fwieii assf? inmifsst#n msm i t n m ^ (wT)-'iin wrfts ^^sAf wnm
tnntf fn'Jtcsstn
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8i8
t f ( t ) - m f k ctM t r o WtT t w o ttf t t ? I. ?,t?t f ? t t f t f r o w f ( t w f ? ) t f t w t f t t ?? 1 wftt?

WSm f f f w WTt?, ttT'WT? Ctf 'Wttt t t t f ? l f t T , Ct f f c f t f f f f f'wtft'tji? ffWftew? f ? w T b ? t f t f 'wr?f?rt?
cftajcf t w ^tt Rvotif\o <>ra?tif?'=i, î<itcHc*t ffw f r o rowt t?ft-f?t??ef t t t f f t r o WW tw? 'Jtw c f ? t f t ? ? i i i t
f c t , ct ctttttri&ftro ftw w t t t t T t f T ? tTWTt 3tt c t t f f w <ii(?f ? ctf c t r o WW ftft t ? t ftwtt 'witijsii? t f f t - f f t t ?
WTfttT f f t t t 5fWTcf f t t t fC?t I m t W t t t t ? t f t ( W t ) - m t t (W)-if? W W ' w i t ? t f f w w t f t ? ? I few 'wtt? f f ?? I
f t f w f t ? I C f ? c f ? i l t w R t w c t r t t f t t t , 'wtt? t f ? 'wrte?? t r t f t w f a p t t f r o wwt? f f f i F c t f ? t c f ctWWcw
fJTlItT few ^ t t W f?- ( W t ) - i l ? t t f t f ? C t t f t t ? f ^ Ct?ftw f s P ^ ct? I f t t f ?itc?? c f t f f c f w T t - w r t W f C f ??ti% f t t
wtfttt ( f t w t ? 'li S ?0-il f i f f w ) wt??tt? tttj t?w?t ft? ?? I f ? ? f wet f f f t f w ro^we?? test t f t ? wt%we?
?1?ttt? t f ? Wt?t? t ? - t W t ttttrwt? t ? 5 ? (ilf553J f W f f?t w?.f2ttt fc?? I t f w ? W fffftw? fcttet f t ' W ? t f f ? - f w ? ?
ttttt f t w t f t t ?? I i i t t t c t t f t r o t W W t f ct f w f s f t t t fttffw f t f f w c t ? t e w f f f t i f ? wajRt f f f c t t f w roro
wftw ftWf?t tttw W W t f w f w f ^ f W ?? I t?t iif f f f ? w t - w t f t t f c f f r o f f f c w C2t?t fc?? i i t ? t f f f w c f wt^ro
f t i r o ?i?t f ? w t t ? w t ? w % t ? wtftw? ?ttw w t f t w it??, f t f w f w T t r o fffe ww.fc?? I w f c t ? fft? te? w f f t w w t c w w i
^ f t t ? (a % i o o / ? ) I ct ft?? w?ttw W W t t w c f t f t f twt? ' w t ? e f ro^stte?? t ? t r o r t f w ttwc? t e a t t w wr i
wtftw-ijf f r o t t f f t ? cfrsttf w t r o - w ^ t t ? ? 2i?wf f?t i f f f t t w f c ^ t f f t ? wtffet? il?? f f w t e ^ w t f ? f l e t ? i
f f w wtt?, t w t f _f?1Wt ( t ) W W t f w t w ^ ctffwf?ct? I cte?5 f f f 1fft?te c?f wtSf? t i c t t , f?t t f f ftfct? W ? t
WWCf w t f t f ^ s f r o iifw? w w f ? t f f tftrtt WR ^ t w f l t 3tt fttfc? t ro?t? ffew? f w w t c f f ^ f f r o f ? f r o
( w f t i C5WW t f t f W t ? f t f f ) I t f ( t ) ftfWT? ??fwtftW ^ fg ' W t f t - t t f t f ' w t f t - 'wtfct? Wf^C=1 ?t?'wtw 4 ? C t ?
twc ftwro f?t?ttt? f w i w ftfw ro i fwft ? t t ? s 'wtt? ?T?ft t5C?? r ' W f f t - W f t f t5twt?-wte?t?ct? f c ? ^ 'wtt?
t f ? f ? ' t f ? i t f ? ? t w w t f ? t f t t f f . fit'fttwt cttcsi? wtft ffw 1 t W C f WtfW ftfew? il?l t?t W f t f f i t W I ?f ">!sfe/>!sVfe
? ? f - f w f f t t t ? f^ftiw tc? t f t w t r o t ? f f t f i t I wtwct? w e t t t t t f w t f t c f ? f f ? ^ i i f w t w r o c f ? t fc??, w t ?
f ^ f t W t t w '8|W'W ? T W f ??tff|W f i t il?l 'Wtt?-il? f f w w t - w f W f ffwftc f r o w f f w ? f t f f e f f t r o WW t f w ?
^?if?ij f i t ?tf'w t f ? ? i f ? ? t f ? "wtt? t f ? 'wttf? w t t - w t t f 1 w f f f f t w ? f t w t f ? t f t f w ffwfte? wft f t f w ?ct? it??
wttc?? ??fWtttW t w f ? t w c w t il??. Cft? f t f ? f t e w Wt?t? w t f f c f i i f w r o t f tfcgt? f i t fc?? I f c t ' w ? f t - w t t f c f
wtt? t c f t w f t f t ? f t f t i l t t f t i w t ? t f f w ?>sw ro c?, t f f ^5tc f f # ? t wtffc ?? I 'wtt? Cftt f r o f t ?
?ftvS 'wtt? i l f W ? i&ftWftif ? T f ^ , W t t f f Wt?t? t T O Cft? w f t w ? w f w e ? ? ftfttett w w r t f t w ? ? i t f f t f w f r o
ft^^ctitTwftW'Sttrowi i t t r o r fapcf ft^ f f f r o f f w w f ? t fc?? i f f f ' w t ? t f
f f f iit g ( i ) t f ? ftf1t,f. do; ( ? ) t f ? f t t f , w t t w t , % w w e t Wt^W? W f t il???efft f T ^ ro, f f f "W?!^ f W C f T5JT
V ( Nyberg, Bemerkungen zum Buch der f C ? ? (lo/v!sfeo) I
Gotzenbilder, Skrifter utg.af Svenska Instit. i f f f ilt i ( i ) W W f f , W t W f t - W f f l f , 8, f f f ^ ; (?) t t ?
Rom, ifeofe, % o * * ) ; ( o ) wlt?1<f, fff^; (8) ? f f f i t . , W't, (ft., ( o ) W f f , ? t . , > i f.; (8) T?tf, i t . ,
?>!so, ?S>(f; (<t) t f ? f T O t , t f f f t f , ?'l>!s; (b) t l t ' ^ f , i'l'lfe f.; {(t) t t f t - W f ? , ?t., oiV f.; ((b) W t * ^ , f f W ,
f f S f , o t . , i i 8 t . ; 8t., 8i>!s; (H) f t ? ? f l f , ? t . , 800 t . ; ( V ) (ft., ifev ?o>b, ?oo "l. fe, (?v; (l) W t l f , t f w t ; ( V )
f ? r ? f , W W , i t . , bi f . ; (S.) W f W , t f f ^ ; ( i o ) f f t f , W f f f t f , f'Wft, ? o i ; (fe) Wdlhausen, Das arabische
W ? l f f ? , > ; ( i i ) f t f t t , Wt^, (to, (ti; f s f f , o , fe; ( i ? ) Reich. 108, 118; ( i o ) Buhl, Die Krisis der
W t W t f ? f t t f t - t t W t , ' b t . , ? i o ; ( i o ) Wellhausen, Unajjadenherrschaft in Jahre, 'bV8, in ZA, ?'lt.,
Reste arabischen Heldentums2, % H^; (i8) W . W . t . , 50-641
i8/?t., ?'i)0-?'i)(2- 1 K. V . Zettersteen (E.l.?)/ il. i t s . ilt. ? f f f
J.W. Fuck (E.1.2)/wtftsft t t f ?
^sn^RT ( ^ jj>-^) sw t f wwfro
^srrsRT (A^.t-,.u jj-^)t?tft-'wrf \5nt-ftft-? vs f f t f f f t w ftwf-ii? fi? I f f w ? f f t ? f ? ftft
t f ? twtit w t t - t w f , wtt-wtfTOs wet ttftsw, ttttrt t w f ? vs Wtt-fro ?tWt WT {(t(t8-(tHo '^.) I ftft ?ttWf ft^ f f t ?
CtWftw I w f t t f ? f ' w t f t w ? t t ff?wt? wtt?t?t f t t t t?ft f I C t t I f f t Wtt-fWtWfft fft WtftftCf ? fWT?
(vbo/vbb-o) C t t t t ? t f f t W ? *SWf (tW^ra) ffesT? lil?? c t t W s s t t ^ R s tBt5>i^ f f ^ f f m ? w^W?ic?^ f s f c ; ? r a f f f S c^t^t
t t w f fffcft?
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Contents
tffn-WPT (ST)
^ mm w t n w * 'wtnstn tfn wntnm-iannwt tnntenn aifw

stmfin "m mmmin-ftmm' (i= stew Se.t^, mtran cf& wr^tnfnns m^ fsfi nsssten nmnf (n) 'wm (m)-c^ Smen
ste cn m i fnsnnt w m ) i fwfn lAinf?^ (n^smf) Stmen* cemt nsenn 1 wtsm R f t cntwjnsten Swn mm tnmn afst
mRRw flenn i ^ Snmenn njinrr wmnnn RNaif^vi.Nic wf^'^ wttmflenn i mmm cne^? wm* wm^wn tf%sstn wnfn "wm (m) Sment flenn 1 w t n fwfn nfnrn
ntnf fAinfn^ nrcn nflfSw fm, lift Snnnf? anffn cmn wtfnen wtf m w (m) wtAie^ nsnw iA/to nen fffnftn
sifwrnn ntn* ^êw men (5. Rothstein, Lahmiden, 46 . w^nten esmt nsenn 1 ât wf^men 'wm (m) s^f^ wttstAt
t.) I fwfn ntn wtmn nsfne^flcnn wnn nsfn 'wtnn t f n fpt^ w n I wwm nfn tf%n wnsn w n w m ffwv^ fnetnwten
(g.) wtmess Ait w n 1 w t cnent^ wenn mwt "wtnn tnn WtAtst rwtwntmnn * n t m j e ^ few * mfntss wens wfwnteF*
f t w mm wtmfnw ^^mflcnn 1 fwfn wttJtAt w n I
sr^t#t 8 (i) G Rothstein, Die Dynastie der 'Snm (m)-ian nnn fnnn w n fln wtms nntetnt ms ffw^ 1
Lahmiden in al-Hira, 5*8 t.; (A) Noldeke, fwRt "^jnwtw' (AtSfn ntn) stfftw ssesn, mm tsntfe fnns *
Gesch. der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der 8f/ion twt%w 'wH-^Tftm (wem) nten stfnfw ntw w 1
Sasaniden, ioi t.; ( ) Causin de Perceval, Essai wtw* fstwn ssmesm nnRm wrms mn nsni^^fseeA I wess ts
sur rhistoire des Arabes avant I'islamisme, 11, stew 'Smn (m)-ian nnes * 'Simn (m)-'ifs ftmnTCn ^swus
i i e t.; (8) tfnf-wmm, Wtt-f%'n * *ntt-Wim, (de Goeje), stm iJtfn nenn-ntnw "wm (m) fnnesn t w ^ ten wfsf&w ttessn 1
fnn^; (e) i^ cnn^, m'Wtfnns (Westenfeld), oiV-Si; (to) 'Snvii-t (m) wwgtn WtAtem ât tn -stew wtntfnw w n 1
wtntf, s>n., i'lv^.; Ait., iirto-Ao'i; (1) fstssih, ^mRn, it., ^ - ^ p w n t n 'wt^ (m) * f'wtfnm (m)-ian-stfwnf^w fwfn
Si'i-v; (V) wtntft, it., Sioo; (Si) t f n fntm, mn^-n-'Sfn, f'wtfn'm (nt)-'an t^ w n n ^ w n 1 fn^spftn-ian few fwfn
wtenns^fifgm iAS)o A S O t.;, (-io) win-mf "ft, it., f'wtfnmt (m)-ian w^tentf R f n ntftf tfnutnm nsesn r fcws tfw
Aiii-8o; (ii) Atnm^-tnnstmf (Gottwald), in., io>i>-io; 'wt^ .(m)-'ifs Wffn o # i m fwRt m4ts mtm fnwtenn ttwt
(iA) tffn-wtfn, it., 8 o 8 t . I 'ttf'tm fwnw tn^nne^ wtatAS Riwte^n stfw wt^tenn nn
A.J. Wensinch (E.I.^)/ f. wtnfn n t ^ vjRmm f5e#tnf? Smnn nsRm 'wt^ (m)-ian ntfsfew fneenn
^_,.=LjJI ^ JJ
n r) 8 wtn-ntsf fjJtttw n?itmflenn 1 tmew wfmtfnwwten fews fnnfw nc i
(m), fntnt ntfn atfnw ntsff 1 fwfn v/toAi-o nten (1w^ new tnn#;w en ntfmf cntw tfi as, wrmew "wm (m) f'wtfnmt
wtsnienn fw * ^mnfnm nf%n nsm^Sf nnen) tnntn'SiAt w n I (m)-'an te^ mfmn nemfw s n 1 wrmn f 5 e # ^ 'wt^
Smn nn ^tew tnntenn ttÂtcn ,wtsm- i s ^ f ^ ^ffn^ 1 (m)-ian srfwfnfn wrf fnt wrn-wtfwtf (m) wnnnte^ ntwttm
tnnm sfAtssten wfsm nnn mststetn fln 1 w t 8A/totoo "wt^ (m) * f'wifn'm (m) Swnesst fîm^ptews wemtr sRrm
men tf%wnn nnn w m nnn nnst ntnn wtwapn nsfnntfin 1 . .cmnm nsesn 1 wwgtn 'wm (m) *wt^ (m)-ias wemtrms te^
fwfn cnt w n n mm fns^t 'fSffwfnn nfnm tjtfw ntw w n 1 rnn cnn ânt fwtfnm (m)-'an wfntfcnn nem fnewn % w n
f 5 c # ^ mwtfn wtsm ^ste n*-fnftnttess ffnttm wtfnnrn w t w mnt w , fnestf t t f f i t nenn fft as -ant f'wtfn-nt
wm fsmtnt mfmtt wtme^ (* 'wmfatA t f n wtf ntf'wtess) (m)-*an tf^ ffw as 1 fnnens we,^mfn tin-tWi flenn 'wt^ (m)
cn!wT^te# wm wtRfnRnm ttiitntfin I cntwjnstew n w m mw tftn fAtmn tfn wtf m w 1 wtmess tstRtw ssRm 'wm (m)
stnm, wtbwtffnRnrnf^mwfntfwntwrftnntesjnsifwwtfi t R ffwew f"wrRmt (m)-'an nmn^ s n ânt fnmn fnnesn
stenn, 'wtnn (m)-'an m?m Stn ât wwtnfn nSntfS mt ttnnwt ten wfsflw s n (ov/toev) 1 fwR f ^ tn ent ten
<Mfi;sif|n I en ftwfew nfîftw "wtnn mftfn (wtA'nrn) n f m nmn t t e ^ 1
wnemn nj4 ^^mn tn fn^flnt^'wm fintew ttRenn, tnmesin fwnwn snt^ ttfn# mt fnenn spsfcsn mmewn nns 'wt^
wn wtnsf I fwR nfrnn wttnn nsRm (ntfnn (m) t f n *nt%T * (m),f'wiRni (m) * "wm (m) t f n wtn-'wtn' ât fwn sjf*c<
'Simn (m) t f n wtnAi-'^ nft lawitet] n ^ Rwcsn fen lawitet An ssfsm n w esstntAcnn wnmn ntttsm mnen
tnmn stAt w n 1 nAtnf (n) wtmess attcn w t s # ^ fsn, ntfnte^ * fnwrcn nnfwen w n ^ 5tAt w I'wm (m)
tncn^t wRntcm mff^ w^t w m 1 wneten Sntens fti mnss cntR-t w f n w nnm ttfnwt t f n ^ m t w ^ tntnten wm
tnnrf
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'wm twt-wTit (ft?H) RTO twf-wif?; (ft)

5tTit%s row 1rottro ififT TOTwsiw w,'Wf? (W) f f f ilt 8 ( i ) t ? t f W?W R*?, ^. 8 o i - 0 ; ( ? ) fftwt
fifrat TO (8 o/'Wsi, i<tTOtf1?/?? wi^nft) I Wf-W?f,fftWftWTw, (Lyall), ^. ?8<f-<?8, v o o - < \ ; ( o )
8?/!j>bO f W ftff ijt ftfSf^t f t l f t f f , f ^ ftfWWt W f t f i , 8 t . , b - - i o , i ? t . , 8 8 , ? i t . , i 1 8 ; ( 8 ) f t W f "f, fft,
ftftHTtft'-'WTO' Wfk " W T O W ? ! ^^fftfttrof tJM *Wtff OVH; (<?) f ? t ? r o , f t t f t , i t . , SV)-, (^b) w t t t f , i t . ,
(?t)-m T I 1 fftw "mz^, c*tf f?icf ftift f'wift'TO f ^ i l i i - i ' b , i f e i f e ; (H) Ttww (Freytag), i t . , <l??; ( v )
wro^w? i s R j wfo^ T I I t f f t - W f t , t f t , ft?C?t i?b^ R. 8t., (fe) tt? ?1W1?,
vif.;
'wm (ft) twpT-'wif ftttf, f w i , wft^ f T f f , ttiw, t l QHHo; ( i o ) t w f?rt, W t ^ W - ' ^ , wctfwtfaw
TOtfRftf CW1 w ftew 1 ftf^W? ( f ) wf%TOtft? fTifira i?feoR., ^. HH f.; ( i i ) W?f?lf, f'Wft, f i'Js? I
< F f f f ftftf w t r w w f t f f t r o w I Wf^twt? (f) WTCf A.J. Wensinck-Ch PeUat (E.1.2)/f. W t f t W ^
f T O fftcw? iifI W t T O WW f*W ffttw? I ftft ffticwf,
"Wt? f?tWfcfT? c ? f f 1 ? cwrow i" WIT? fai 'WtfW^
^srt^ t ^ - w T ^ ' (i^j-î 8 (w)
(W) sm, ?ff? w ? -a *t?twr? WW t f t r c f fftifti ww w t - w ? t i f wt-wwf, i i f w t W T f I w t w t c w t ? r o I f f f

fft?tcw I tft?rst-ii? ?if www cticg w?i2J?t rot? i f r o wtt wtftt wtw
TO w I i f f fRttc f f f " W f W ? f ? few w?fs}?t ro?? I
f f f ilt 8 ( i ) t?? Ttwt?, twtw, ftf? i O ? t r R , O f . , ? ,
tlflt ffb-b-?; (?) tWPf-Wtt?, t t f t - f IW, (ftww i ? V ^ t^ct? few witst?t ftfw f f f WTW5 w trowi
ftwt), 8 f , i i < f ; (o) WsWft,(WW. Wustenfeld), % SHb- ttwt f r t ? f c f " t i - i i f ' tret ii?!lt f t ^ f ^ ? f f f f w f
f . ; ( 8 ) ftWfft, (twt. de Goeje), ftwS; (<J-) wi?tt, ftwt; (b) fffe? I ? l f ttww cttcigt f c t f w ? f r o ttwct? t t t j f r o
t?? W t , ot., ? i ; (<)) Wustenfeld, Die Statthatlter f'Wt" f ' W t (?f) t w ^t?1t s j f f s t l c t ? t t w t f?t ftfw
von Agypten (Abh. d. Gesellsch. d. Wissensch zu f r o ^ f f f t W f wwro i l f f t f c f ? t e w fttc^f
Gottingen. x x ) ; ( V ) Wellhausen Skizzen und fftcw I f ? t f t t f t e t f f f ?i wftwte?? f ? t t W f ? ? W f f t ?
Vorarbeiten. vi. 51. 89; (fe) W f f (Houstsma), fftg.; t r t w r ? ?stfet? I W 8 f ? twcf tstticf c f f t t rottw f t R ,
( > o ) Caetani, Annali dell' Islam, ftf^; ( i i ) Butler, W t l t t t w^^rt^^ f f t c t t ii?i w e t s f tfttett, "CWTTO
The Arab Conquest of Egypt, London 1902; ( i ? ) t f t w C f i i t w f w ^ t fftwe? WfT wtftew f f f f c t wft w t w t
S. Lane Poole, A History of Egypt, (London W T C f Wftf f f w r s t l" W W 8 f ? ^ f t f t t f C?lf ?l?t i l t t i f
1901), ( i o ) t?? fWtW, WWftf (ed. Wustenfeld), P. f t f c t ? I w t c t e t f w f t ii?sttft w ? ? t f t f R ? t t e t c f f w t t t f f t f
145; ( i 8 ) G. Wiet. LEgypte arabe (Paris 1937). tftew, "cww? t e w t f t c w t f w t t t t c f we? iit rottft w?t
t l R t t t t f ff^Cft?-a wwtw f f t t f CWTTO tf? f w w w r r r o f R ? w fft-a r twrsr f t f f t t r o
t t c t f îtew w t w f t nRw ttw w t f c t i f ^ ^ f f ? tftfw
wro>s twcf f c f ' f f c ^ f f f t c t t I f?1ff t f t e t f R ?
(jL^) 8 t t ? ftttw W W - W f f Wt-tt?ftf ilfW? tJiWtlW iittif f f t w?ff t f e ? 'Wt? t?ft-wr!??--ii? w t t 5 f
wtft ??f? CWf, flW WtfiWf ffww? WW f?tjlw tlct? iltl tftw c t t ii?i f f f ttwt f ? t f f t c t t I t f f t - w t f ? tew
M t f cttRct? ww tiiR w ^ fftwflctf, ct fi?ct WTT? 'wtt? t ? f t W - w r ^ f l e w wtw?ct? WIW t f c f t t t w t
tfift ?t?ifl'i Wt-ffi??!^ (f?TO f c t f Ctw ?TR) I ftwtc? frtftf t i r f I
f c t f t i t ? fcf w?j5}?t fc?? iiti ft? cWcai? ilftt ftwftfttt. fwft tlct? wwjw W t f t 1 f c f ?Tf w w r o t t r o f l e w wt^
^Wfe/'bOoWCt t f t t t t ? fC?? I ii/'JsO^ WCt fft tfSttPS? t w f ^ t t t I ?Tf W W T O cWfw? ^tf-fsii? (t)-ii? w t t e ? w t t ?
itf ftWT wftro t t W t T 3 (g.) ilfW? Wftlf tlct? I t%f wtbC?t f f t e t W f 3 ^ ( t ) t w w w , f f f c t ? , "cwwct? t t r o cf?"
t t w c t f t ^ TT il?l ffSfC?? fWsftiC W?.fs}?t fC?? I fwft f T W t ^ f f t , "WtR t t ft?t; f f f fwft w t w f ? f f t I"
'tw? (w)-cf ?Ttt?? wftfic?? f t ? ff?wi? Wtrct W f f f f t ? ( t ) t f t t e w , f f t w ^ e w w f f f w ? w t ctw-a cttf
wttitwflct? I (tH/bHb WCt wtro f f t ?ttic? tttw fffw t t I iiw ^ e w "Wt? tw^-wtf?-cwwet? t ? r o ' 1
wc? I wtro fftw? f f f f f f w?f WWCt? t f f t cftft? I c? WT W f f W ? (t)-ii? ftwe? f f f wfw-? ?T?ft f f t w f l c t t I
fWw f f t ' B t i f t ? , t f s f w t f tc? i ftfft f R t wfwc? wtro f f f f l e w t? I f r o f3i f i t 1 1 ^ few? t t ? f f f few
Wfftw? f^ ^5tW t T t f ( t ) iltftPWWt t ^ ftfWffCtt 8 w i f s J T t ? t i f ? i ?r^ f f f e t f r o f3ifft f T C f i t f w ?ftiW
t^-ff?T't ftttft W ftTTO (I J -> 1.11 ^jl J J I ^ j , l ) I f f f s f t f e w c B f f t f t , " W f f t f f f W T , wt W f T O t f ? R r o
t t w f ft'SCfft
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8i1
ms. i" R ? R R wiAiw? nwit? '^'^ms <>9iw m I siffwiA mnm * f n ^ ait^ wtftf ntestm stentsfnn mnn ^^Fnm en*m
CfO-m rnms witsH ssRm R ^ RciH, "CA olfiiaiA! WiR AS -ant MNMN * ntmnnm nwi ( f R t ntftf)-IAN fnnsn w
nR RtAin lnt t t R ^ ww ât NR mm R S^snsicn w4t w t AS ( n t w Atoto/wi^tnn VIJ) 1 fwR Atov/ v v i - A nten
b=iiR?i nRew mRn?" m ^ f ^ (n) S ^ Rcnn, "ttt" R R 'FIFNN fmftn NSENN 1 ff^ fstntenn Sts wtms SST#n
wtatsn R f & f'wi *Hci'i, 'cA mniA! ^ winters MMMW n f n fnnat csssn Avo/b-^vs men stfwfliw as I 'STWM wtmess
w , mimc^ mm wirnn nRmcsn R f & #Rw Rmtm nt* m r WtA'ntn t f n 'wtsfnatAwtn-fR^tf (f. Atob/bbA) * stR' TFN
wwsnn R R f n o p NR fw ^RM tlAimw nnn ^Rwh I few Aismms nft f n n t ^ R<3 ttffew as I t w n e n wtme^
mmn men wtmn >iw f a , 'wmg^tnn "wm tnn Aimn men ftnm n^wm fnnat ^nwt TTEW nntt mn as ânt
liwtjinns * wtmn >iwm^5^*mAtmwnnt nsenn i "wmn-IAIN wtfttfn^wten wtAm fnss? ^TEW tentR n t f ^ n*m as i
f^^cftA cnRm ntf^mA (n) nRcnn, "wiR cnRcw mtewR CN, -ansnm A'ti/bbe men, wiA'mn TFN 'wtfnn-'wtfn TFN wtf
^ cwtnrn lilt m m m * wtiwicnwi^bmRm^^RM fnins-<an cnw^fn t f w tnmnenn fnss? tntwtes tntfww
cstoitcA R -ant f^Nolssts Aito/bJo nten 1 A i 8 / b b i nten fwR ^ptfsn*
wtsm ft R m S^JTM nnrnn-^cw nnn minn fa, mm * mfn Atmn I wltnntenn nw A'tVvJiNS nten fntmn * fnflf^tens
mn Se5n 1^ nsfnm nfrnn nsntm ^?pincw mltcnn IS? wtn cmn t4ss>ct f f f R mw ssRm fwR ntR' t f n Atsmmn wsstfn
atnstcst nfmf%fen wsmn t t n m i fnnni? ntffaiA (n)-css fMtt?in tnAb/bs>to nten fcst^^?te=m Stn fstswtenfnnat
wnRs NSRNN ^ c n fwR nRienn, wtfttAS ^nni cmntenn nem fnsatfwtt nscsn 1 wwgts wtmn fnewn wfcstcs 0inwf%ntnm
-ANN* n j R wtcA, CN -^nn ^mnen wiaiA wtm fnn nsfnm cnn, mntf ntetn Stn srt^ wtftf nrnewtn ^mwt wtms FMST
"wtnn tngn wifA ^mAtenn wmwn I WtR WtAtess w i ^ ^?5C=f wf<|cn fns^tenn w t m ^ /ste S ^ ) wtme^ Abe/bSsb
brnffm nsfnm cs'îtc CFFF^tntft I nten m *nintSn-mAesn wt*fnm atmn w t as I wtms rnnewtn
S^-IAN allien tjtnns wtn^mA (m) tnn "wmn * wtmess wm w f n w stentetn atmn mmart^ as ntn ntf "S^mf
<asst ssses ntnm nsm AS I AbV'sfatn hoo men M M ^ tnnttn (a.) ntnet wtmn
a r ^ f i t ( i ) t f n m'n, wtw-wtntnsTfn-fnm, tnsiw wt.R., gnmntftfcns tntfww -ant wtmess osT^fw sscsn 1 'wmae^
At., 8 - 8 8 , n., (hbA, vn., VSS98; (A) tsfn-wtfn, mtmn osmt w t as -ant cntttcn -ass n w s n * csR nnn n ^
Snfn- mm, cwAsm ivs^ti R , 8n., s>-S9e; (^) t f n ATwm #nn mtenn t n b ^prtmn-Sm, Abs/Ao -afatn, s>oa wtfnet
wtn- *wTnnstmf, wtn-tmm, FNNN iAb- R , At., (2-a{-o, wtmn #NN ntt nssf as 1 ^tAm N N W tfsmnm -ant tmenrn
nttit eiJ<t; (8) t f n 'îsRn-ntnn, wtn-tmft'wm, tmm-n tfwAten WtAm wfwmnnfeAs mnmt ?FE^ wm m w t f m
Aif^*tmn NFÊNF^, FNNN iAv R., At., e o v s - e o ^ ; (<t) f^FNN^ggm 1
wm-mmf, W t f n wrnnttn-niAtm, tnntw wt. R. i t . , sovs, st^t^ ? ( i ) wmtf, t . , is>v5o-AAob, (a) mn%f,
nttit 8 e 8 ; (to) tnn*^ w c n s m f , f si^n-fn'wtnn, b t . , 8to, iA<I-, i 8 8 , i b o , iS>, A o o t . ; (vs) t T s f f ,
tmm-t t n n *m R-nsm, csim^ i8oo/isvo. At., ntnfn-wttnm, nn is>Ab, f. i8-is; (8) wtft - T f t w ,
AA-; (<t) mtm ffsew, ^tssfnn ^ osttmnn, msst issiA, CWAStn i i 8 R., f. A-toS -ANT FN<^; (e) ntnttf.
i t . ; isA I History of Bukhara (WF. R.N. Frye.), Cambridge
wtn^wfn IVlass., 1954 f., FNN^; (to) t f n t t f f W (Wustenfeld), nt
wrm ^ ^ - 5 f m ( . i . ^ 1 J J , . r ) 8 t m f bob, (West) nt IS>s>; Th. Noldeke, Orientalische
cnmfR, Rfwrnnn m w i f (5.) ttnns ntenn atfwtrm m f m Sklzzen, (STFMT) ibb<t, |. i b l - A i l (ttwf. Sketches
tsfn-mn^ (5.)-'an mwt * S^sniRnsif 1 nsfstw wtcA, cntncn fwR from Eastern History. n^--AF^nm'F ibSsA *{.
ti^-mnss fAcnn <ant fnmif- nsten ?^ntfm:nn siwRfa 1 ftn i<tto-Aoto); (b) W. Barthold, Turkestan^, f. Aito-AA<f;
mwm wtwrnnnfCA F ^ fnewe^ n t ^ stctn >ast a^s^Mns nten (S>) c n ^ , Z u r Geschichte der Saffariden
m f "cnn nc^ wtf^ mwmf fnmfn wfnnsm nsenn 1 mns^- Festschrift Noldeke I, Giessen i&oto'^., |. i<t't-iSi;
wtfn->A mf^T:nn mm * w,nn ^stmn f ^ (m*nin, Atoe/sft ( i o ) B. Spuler, Iran in Fruh-islamlscher Zeit,
brtci>) f n liijsiftf 'winner wtms S^sntftssifsief Rftfsw nsen 1 Wiesbaden iSsÂ, f. toS-bi * Rn^ I
F ^ t f w stR wt't't^ a f w ^^c?H mx. N*i.lc<> -mfnnnn; f n W. Barthold {E.I.2)/'St.
tnntf RffW
T.R.%/<M
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Contents
Sitr 'WTsrat
ftew w?ff I t f f c t R f f f t f c ? ? i l f t t W W f ffw R t t t c?ft

f c t s f c ? f ?5W ro I c t t f ^ t s f f ? t c w f t t ^ t t e i l f t t
f f f f t t w f f R ; t r o w< t l wcw wc^ w t l tte wttttc w r o t t wte? m i twc? f f f t w t w i i f t t
tnw ^tc ttettf t t t f f t t t w t i t f t t t n c t t attwif wtjtc?it
I f c r o t r o I f f t t t f f f c f f f f t t t ? t c ^ tfttw ^ttte? I t R t
sftwctft i l f t t t t c t t f f ftro 1 1 , t n t t w o f t w t w f f? f t f ? ^ f t ? w e t Wttcw c?tt3 'Zwf wtc? m i f R t c?R?
w w f t - w t i W o f f w ?tc^ ftwo ttw c t t t ( c w f w f ^ wtw ffes wftc f f f t t f l t t t f f f T O WW i f t t f?g wte? I t r o f f c ^
W o t T , cwtt W f t C f t, W t t t l W o f t e w W f C t f , t W R f f t ^ t t t t F i f s f wTftct? w r o t f f w t f t w t W t wtc? m i WT?^
t i t f ? C^T'SW m i w t l w w f t f f w ^tcw f t f a WW'S tfws ?ttwc? i l f f t W f f - a i l f t t ^ WftfW I t r o t ? f f f ^ cteti
wttf I i l t 'SfWftcf? Mftj wt fRwt w f ^ ftfttew i t e w ' f t ? ?? f t t c ^ f t f c ? ? t f c ? ? w i f w t c ? Wffctt wte?
ttcsf^ wttw t f t w tcft fftwew I fwft f t w f t w#et t e t t , ttw ff5t?f?fw? t , t r o f e s roft ? t wte?, ?fro ?TTt att?
"cwfttit t^, w t t w t f r o ( t w R ? ) WW cwtwew wttfott ?.<to tft31 wet? t f ? ?te f f e t t t t e t ? tt?ictj t t f t f f w w
t l ftet? t t c t t ro ft, wtl wt^tc ftct? f t
^ t t c ? ; cwttt f?t ^5t I R f s f wftte?? t t f ?5fRe rott t t wtc? ttw rot
m i WfWe? f?Wt f?" (o s i i o ) I wwcw iit ' S f f f f t r t t t f t twe? w w t f c t f f c ? I w f ? f ^ f f f t t tfcg? i l f t t W I W ?
îtro ttt R i t t w w e ? w t f f ^ c w wc? cttw?j wtw? ii?5ft f f t f t , t w ^ f ^ wtwc?? , tfsf t r o t f ? t ^ ?tt?tc?, ?t?t
f?e*tt tltt? ffWR? f?eff f t t f e w , "cwttcr? t e t i i j t ? irWrt cftWW? fw? wcs? t f ? w t t f f I tfcw? ffc5 wtc?? WfCf? t f ?
^ ?t?tw tsfct? t t c f W f T W ff?e? m i t w e t ? tteiit ftct w t f t f t w WW wte? m i t r t t f c w ? ?ttfef? ?tw w ? i t?t?
m i w t l f t t ^ c w f t e t t f f t e t ; t?t?ft tftwt" (o i o s ) i tetT w?tt w f ctfWftc?? ^ WftfW Wfe? i ?5cro t ^ - t t w t
tjtc?? stfwf -a wtjtc?? attwetfet f t w ftw ttts^ W f t f f f C W f f f f e ? ? tetr f f w t f wtc?, w r o w f c f t w f f ? wterot cttfew
??-wf? tc6t ?'aw f w t j (t) tftwew, "cwwc^
I ?iff?ti? ctfts? t w I ^ t t f f t f t f f f t w t f a i l f f t wt^ro? wtc?, ?t?t cttwt
t e t j t f t Cf? cw? WtTf? WW cttfew w? we? f t w W^-wt^ f f f t f ? t l t T t I fw? f c r o ttt ffft f f f f C f Wf? i l f f t
rot tw t i e w t ? ff?ct, t f t wtfr w t t c f we? ftfetf f t w ft^ wtc?, f f f s i i w t r o tetr cw? t?wf t t t i t?f tfCf? t
t i e w t ? ff?c?, Wf? t f t w t w w ro we? w f w f t f ftt rot t r f l f f ?ltf^ ilfft ftft, ?tro aff f f ? f c**? sttftc?? t T O
t i e w t ? fftew cBtf ft?e?; ftf wtw fff ^Wet? t ^ i" m i WW c t f f f w I t w f f ilftt ftft? tfcftfpF I t r o w t
WlWftfCflt i i W wt? w t f f s w t 1 ilfte? i l f t t cistw^ wte? m i t w s
i ilfte? t ? t f t f t f r o ?T?ff>a f ? t I f ? 1 f W t f ? -a twttt f s j
rrsf?rt ii^^) s (fww w t t w ) "wttw-? c f s wwt, f c r o ctett t f ? wte??, WW f t f ? c t t t t t t r o w f f t e t f?
twtjtct? iifit wf? wttt WW w # f tf? f? f t c f ? wtset, ?tc t i R I
ff?c5? w? ff o^' f e t m i O i tttf (to c t f c?ro t w , w t f t t c f ? i i t t i t wt? f t W f s R ( c t t ? f t l f f t ft"?) ^te
t f wte?? t ^ wew? f f t t c f m i ctt f e s ? wt-t?wftwft? tw f W t f W TO, fttt? ' W f t r o i l f t t c f t t t t t w f ? t I ilfte?
(Water-Shed) W t ? ftCf W?ffw i Alois IVIusil fWTT? . tffw?tc? i ^ f t b ? ??, f f t f ^ Wtf Cftw? f t ?
'WtW-Cf W^ ilrSlr-CW WftfTO f C W m i fwft t ^ f ?|<l|< tW (Apodyterlum); f w f ? f ^ t r o ffff? t t m i t^ ttR
ifeoo i f e o i ^. fwettT? Imperial Academy of Ctett? f t ? c t f t t f T O f t ? te? ?? I t f w w f ? f"ifrft m^
Sciences-m wftttfe? fsaif? A. L. M i e h c h - m WCt WTW t t t c f t t t t t w (Caldanum) i f t f ? ? W t t T O t e w t f
tffff? f e w m i tw t^t?)et t f w f e w i f t f t cfft?fttro fctfwtcsi? WW f c ? m i t? ftf^ f ^ t ?
tw iifit wrot Wfffw? w t f t t w t t r o f w t f c ? ? t w rot C f t t i ? f i f t < f t w t-aw ^5t I iviusii-m rott c t t
t f t t t f t t f W itt?it s t ^ f f c f tro iicfttc? tf%ct t^ wtftett t?wf WW f f ? f ^ m i t r o te^ f e f ? f ^ t t c f ffwt,
fs f^ WWCf ftf^ w f c t t t f wrwet? wf? fwtft w t f t t w ? f f f e ? f t f f?t, ftsf te? t w ?w fftw ctw ^ w f l t i
t f w ^ fC?; WTTO tf? twttt f f W t wte? I W t f t tfCf? t f s f w t t t t f t f t ctffw W f T O f T O C f f t w ? t wt, t r o tetr
wtftw? w? 1 t e w ? w t f f t f t t t ilftt wfw f f w t^w? ftew C f R t f f f s f f ? t ?ttif?i m i t w wr? w t f f roff?ftf,
Cftfttt cft ?tillC? I tro t f ? Cfttf wtwc?? t f f WTft? t f t ^ tte? w i t t t w t t ? ftfw^ w i f ôft f W ?t?iif?t I t f t f
W t 1 1 ^ w i f ? t c f ^ CW5 C?f5 t t w f ffw ilftt fc^ f c t f ilt' ? f t Cfft f f t f t - e f f f f w o ?? w I w f f f f tc? ??,
f W ro WW ftS ffwtc?? t CtfTt; tw f f t ît 'i>i5l?i<il's) c t f t t f f T O ilt f f t r t t , WW w f v ? C t t T O rop ^stc wi?s m i
ttwf fffCfft
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8iS>
S^ ttR? cttnntint? cm, -at n ^ cm 'wtnm-n wên nnrnn nsm* Scat wtcA, Sm stew ffitn
wftw w I *nt%ie^ Sms tnnttmft sm mtcw tten i
tntmst?? t t t t f o t c t ? R n t w t i n wsrsftt tntrtn wtnsm M. Max van Berchem tntftt -ansf? atn^" gtnstt
^sRwt I tmftt twR? -atsit ntn^rcnm W t gntmo cnets ^^Rntem ntmew ^ * isn^^fef wtr m*m nm i cnt nnsn
wnntf I ww-an, wiftt tnntt twtw * sftfstctn ijctrs f < -SfwAtfnns wtr stew twin -at fnnrtes c'DfAsicA-H, fntnn "wtnm
ntni^nr mst tmt st^Stsmn a s , -at tmsw ancsis Rctn nsnw attn *nt%nn fctn wWnm -ant HiA-'î* % ncm Rntt
t s f ^ i i T s t sts^ I mn AtsifAt I
fmss "wmm-s w * -assf? tsctn t s f ^ Sms wtw -snew Jt"^t#t s ( i ) Kusejr Amra (nt. Kaisefliche
tssrmgA, cmm* -atsit ttsf4 w n ^ -at nsenn ffet s t ^ mt, Akademie der Wissenschaften, fwcnm i ^ o H ^.); ( A )
w * - a ^ fsetn tnt% (ntm w m ^ t ^ tnnn), tmew ai^s C.H. Becker, Das Wiener Qusair, Amra-Werk
fnns wtei mmew fnntt wtfnt fRw a s ânt R^ -^fwmtn^ (Zeitschr, f. Assyriologie, wfnSn A o ) ; ( ) A. Musil,
nimn*tR tt*mntn I Kusejr 'Amra und andere Schlosser Ostlich von
n s ^ e f t n sttftsnfCA fSajffn nftstei, ns^ * cnt Sitzungs berichte d., (fwcsm iôA %), Moab, 144,
cttnntintn nswfns cn^sn fn fnn^^ n w c w fSa mt i Kaiserl. Akad d. Wlssensch. zu Wien; (8) J. von
fSastnn f n n n s ^ nem nftntei cttnenn ftitn#, tillR<p mtmn Karabacek, U b e r die Auffindung eines,
ns-sFt f t j , f^t^tft ffcsn nn wtm wtn mm nnaj^tn t f^tw Chalifenschlosses in der nordarabischen Wuste
wtm cnfw mt; wcn^ fBea fntw^ cttt#ftn f t j * cnttem Almanach der Kaiserl, Akad. d. (fwcsm iS.0-0 -^.y,
AtsicA I tm mm ^^^s^tn t n m ^ f m ^ ffet wtei s csnn ntfcss (a) Th. Noldeke; Zeitschr d. Deutsch. Morgenl.
#nn W T , tR>Ain, n*fn, w j , -as^wn t % F t tntmnen StfnS . Gesellsch. (JtoSAAf? t.; (to) M van Berchem, Aux
twjtfn I tnntenn t3pens -assf? f&st -ast -ansfS witojsf< nct pays de Moab Edom, ^fntt, wtt%, c n e ^ , is.o'i
f n t ^ nttntens fsR^ ffet, mm ^mesm Stn wttssw stslei i Joum. des Savants. 1
E. Herzfeid (m.m.t.)/csttAmn cAimtn
wm^cn ntfn * fnR^ tn ffet wtCA, W * nttstCA fnrnfstncw
ntfw tatnfA, wt^gcss nm * f n , cf^css nfe^ fwtRt, ntmew (Amrl) s arfttfwAtfn^ tAS, tttfmcns fnf atcnet
nênn wtttm ntftm wtei, Sms tte< ijtmtn nm t wttw fnf nenn nf^t ftes cmcAnewtmenm itoo m. ntnset -ant
AtslcA I -asswnSnttnRnts-a^fsai^nttmcA; cnf'in-a^ Atsnntmenntom. S ^ cssfeiR-csstcnet csntets tp^Sf
^ft tfnmn nsfnm wtci, ntmew nfwn ms wfsnstem wtei i -îtsit 5tm wtmnn fnspcB wsf^ tin 1 nssw mensrnnAtew t Asi?s
-asmtm 'Mcssn wtt, -atn m f f w Kaiser Friedrich ntfncn mn wtnR AtstcA 1 tAsf? latn tfsfe sntnrt tRtw 1 ^tf?
wtcA I tmnewn fmftt twfw, ffegnfA * fsetn sse^ mn tfmwj fn-tf%cn ib-00 f^ * S-nfnsct 8<to f ? ff|w 1 n ^ tm
amesn tR^sA i wtstn ns^Rtn mn, cttnnttm * tfsfnfA fnftn nnnfffnt ^ t n nnft, fAsnf? 80 f ? S^ I nssw fJfjn
ftfw mm aiwtfnw nen a s i fff tntswlSn mntnt wnnn^^tss wtfts, cfnrfRns nmm RRs nf^m f5^ fnf-3 -^m f^tntcA 1 tScmfn
f f ? ; nttfswicts fsetn ^mitem sttisj mntn i -at wtt1%mf5n tnntt tnBns mnn i i r 6 8 j. attn sntntnetn ttnt^t w n ; tf? tm?
wtfnt fnnttt n ^ ^^fin i Sms fBarsfness ^ s f înr csf ntt< mttn atwt tm -anfw n^^nmesn C5tm; n^nmn iSiA^ %
^cn ttm twtftn ^tfnnsjm f % nfnm stntt nmt ntn I fittnew ^t tnn ^ nscsn; tf^njienfnnm wta^t -^m wtm ^ t w n 1
Asew nAW fntn atwt nscs cn, Sm Rwft attn trnffs ctn tms nscsns ntnn tn fwR fnfcw t-t'isîs' tfnmnmnsten ^s^s
"ê t#tn twtftn n ^ ntttcm a s i fmt tm n^wfet RP&w, wtntew fnAw An 1 wtms -at tfsmt sstews w r wtsifnew
fmns wTsrat wiln tmftn ^mtc^ Rfnw AtslfAt w < t t 'îi f. -îm -ans cstfn fft?t w * fcAs "^tntnetn wtfnfw AtsicA
^ c w (ntn ctn tftss mwm ncsf fw a s "wtsnenn) <\<to '^%te=m -ant tnmif nncn wtm "wmR-fffnnit tfnffew AtsicA 1
ntnrmttst nncn, ntn Snrnrt ntetn twn nee i -at n n c n attn n^fnntesn Semtetn -00 ntnn tn is.ffi j. mn^ nnmens
*nt%nn ncsf nwtfse^ n w s tin i -at nmm nmt mtcw tten, Semtet ttiw * R. cw. -an. wnn--as mm tfsmfnw m^
-at t f w fct tm tn^t nsm ^stm ttffcn i tf? iviusii cn at5?wtf|ss fntn ttffte=TS a t } ^ * fnSfstmn tnwtetn nAcntf?tw
-^fwAttnss nfm ntatA sscsn -ast ntmn nem fnftn *nt%?in wmlncw t n n ^ n* w -ant i^toA ntenn nts t f s twnf?
wlRnstnfAtn*ftetn wwjfsss atntw n<Rt wtCA * wtmn fntss % 5 W i njtf^ wtm W T I tms nsen ^ t n % 5 f n n m^ n *
tnntf ff^cmn
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8?o
wjiftRf w f i rol t^'îfiai, WW CWft wit? gw m i wit? f^ i f t f t i t i f ? t ? t t f w t w t r o t t t t f t t t l t ilt fft? ttfw

f?fw^ ftt? '???tft? ^?w?rt? wf?f ?t?ic? I w1?f^ f t w ft? I
f1t-W?'8R f. O o o o ?,t? f fi?W ' S j . f. i o o o f w r o f t i ? ftt?? WWR wwww atttfff ttwttf ftwt?
?1W3? ?ftW Wffws ?? I WWgl? fRft ftWR? ?tW wftf t r o ' 6 ? ^ w r o I t w t w t ? f t w wwfai wtfrottt? w w w
1?W n? Wftt wwt? ?1t? tt?!^ tit I tC??fra? tt?5C5 WffWtt? WW sfflttff t f w t t f ? ilt f R ?tt Wt1t-il
(fit?tr t t w w ? W f wttwiw w îwtas? tft t i ^ WW? ftttwft fW T l ; wtf t l RiWf w t f wfwt?? ttffifr
firt?wt ??, w t f t - f t i t?f^s[tt? ttw t t t w t I wtft? WlttttT Riff "3 W? Wl? Cf3?itt f f f wtf I f t w R f f f t t r o
wffwfttt cHat^ tts? 'Jft ft? w t ?st? m i f t t W f t t (?TTf? ?tWffnR WtttttWt tltt? ilfW? tWffw f f t w t f
ttft?? W Cttft wit? fft? WW tft?It fft I w ^ g t f W t - m f t t t f f f f ? tt?w-t f t f t ? - m ? i f w f t t t
WlWft'Stfl? BittW I Rttwtt w m ? tf? WR?tt-t 'Wf W ? l t t R (Rtf
^ I V M K t (Uj_î) z tfiftt? t ^ t?t w?ff msf& bittwtf f r o ?t-ctTttt? WW tftsi t t t r o (twftt? ffwtft?
ftfW -a f??, foWt? m f t I f t w t tf "Wfft ?R?t (WW? WWfw) f i t apw ft?? I
'b'bS/i^'b'b w t t tfft? ttiWttt wftfS ^t?t? t? t w ^Ftf f t R WWR W W W r o . W t m t f t t t sttit f f t w f
mpft tW?tft (Metropolitan city)-?itt WSfsffTt ?st? i w t ^ t , t w W f r o - m w w f W t t f t t t t t r o f & f f , fftrtw
<llc?i? w f ii?? (t? srcttt? wwf fstt? <Rt?ft f T r ) - m f ? ' W t t (attit ftTOf), f ? Rttfrt f ? T r o ilfW? (RWftf?
WWfai ?lwt tftWft 'StW ?TWtt-m iiww tfW WW? f ^ w f Rft^ waww w w r n t (f. sso/- i<?v?) wtt?Tro
atWt? f f t t t ?t?? WWtf WW? i l W W t ^ W i 2 F t t ?st?? m i wffwf fttw I wsttf -a t t f t i f fwtf? ftrtw t f f f t
i)t f f w t mrrwtt -^t fftgi? f f ^ fffw? t? t f % t - t ^ W t w f W t t ? t ? t ^ ilttttt Wf|f?t <3 f f w WW f f t W f I t t ? I
t r r g w f f i R w ? ' W t ttt?? R ? t w f <3 ' w t f t f w i t w t t t ?
aftttt? wwf W f f f f C?t?ft, fWWWt, w t f ? ftwtft?
ttWR Wtt?TW t f W tt? ft?? 1 WT?!? f f ^ f f ? ftfw? WW f t w f w Rtw ft'flWT-ftWa WTtt?Tro w t f f f f | t t t i
twft ilt t f W W|?l? t?ltft (WifW) stWtt?? wft? W??? ?ft?? twft? t r t ^ ifTtt? wwfw fttwttt cstTO ilftt w t r f t t ?
m i t ^ wwffptft ftt?tt ? 5 t ? ? I i t t?st t t t w t ? f t t 't??f& tf? I
fat tt^tttttiwtt? t j R w ?st? m i ? i t i W f tfWft w??, sTftlt 8 ( i ) W f t - f t f t , Wt?-t W f t t f , t l . Wf.
?W iifit ff, ffwt? tttwt, Wt?IW f f t Wtw? ttfW t t t I Jarrett, Bibl. Ind., f i t f t W iS?i %; (?) 'wt?fR-f iff?
iit t f t w?t?? tt?j ftwTt f^tft-ft? f m f ; w t - m WWff, f ? t t n w - w ? t f f , f . , Bibl, Ind., f f t l W W iv^jsv
f f b l f fwfs >blr!5/i?b-i w t t tftfw Cf?t ilftt tttwt ^ f ; (o) f f w t f t w?Tf, wtft - t fttitftf, RWt. trt? WtfjR
ttftw Wt?l wirnt ro, Bibi. ind., f t f f t w ib-^? (8) t w f t ^ ,
f?Tft, f . , SO'b-So, t l . Wf. Gibb, Ot., Hb^-B; {(t) t W f ,
b-t/ist f w t f Wtt?tW f t f t t tiffw? ilfft f t t t cftg
f ^ R - W R t f t , Rf. t w , W H t W iJ8b- f ; {b) W f t
ffttw T I m i t w w t w w w - m iifw? t ^ t t f tstw t j f ^ *W?^-?1W \K\9r% Wf?rsPt-Wtro, f f f t bfeia '|.; (H) WtR
f c f f i t 1 t w ? ? t ^ t f t w ? ' W W t f t w t # ? 'mb f g ft?R^ 'wtff, wtff-t ft?I? f t f , Bibl. Ind., ib-feo
ftww ffw? w t WT?t? ffw? WWtf? CWfftf wwww? tf? I.H. Siddiqui (E.I.^)/ f ? t W t t t t f t - f ?
fff^ ?f I f?"TWt t f ? ^WWCf ? ?tWff1tt (>?<?-<??/
8 Emblica officinalis or Phyllan-
i?(f-(fi) t f ? WffWl WWWWtf iifit f ^ ttfl?itt (Tifft thus emblica, t t f t t f w f (Euphorbiaceac) cfttai?
ttt 1 WW t?t f f f t i W f tswf f f tww ?jf^ C?tt Wtftf c f t w wtttft w t w t ? ? f t w ttw f ^ t r o f T O f t I t r o
Wtf ^5t I 'Wtf? 'tlW? n???itt t?t? ?tW^ tltft? Wtffstl'a W f t Wtfffft; C?lt f t ?fW RfW; f t t ftsffai W t W
flttt; Wt?tftf W t f f ? WWIWf t?t? CtWW?f?itt flf?^ W t t 5 - W f t f ; ttw f t t ??% ^tt ?b-% t j t f f t fttf (51tft
tltt? I iiff ffro ?j?tt tft^ttro WW t t f t t t ttftit t w ftft ftw f t WtWf) I tit?? ftw '^tc f t ^ ? ffw
Wfst' wif, t f f Wf^Htf? W?tf? WW ^ w f , w t t f c ? f f W t t f W t W ? t t t f ? ftttf f t f K t I f t t f ? f ro i i t i
^?WT t l f ^ t j f ^ ?^t1t?w:t? WW wft stWtt? Wfffsff^ ^ t '&ftt <IJt?lf I Wftsf tt w t t t f f t tt?, tf, t R ^ <3
% t ? ftt^R- t t w t 1 w t f f f wfff ttwR 8 wwt? w w f ? Wftsct? ?R?tf, ?^ fftWtf, ?^ ffca? tfwt 5ttft?f,
ifwWtt? iifit ttftf w t t f fT?-m wft? ilt ftt? ctiwtttt wtff f ^ t f , Wfwffw WWtWtf, Cftf? WW f T 5 W ? f I
ttwf tfStftt
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Contents
8Ai
wmf% twn csm SM csm w , csscts f ^ w t nsss i w i f c ^ aim i o o fssentfnsm S ^ wnRw i tsnf? -assf? tnsi tsw{e^
tiwwwmnifscsrmsst cssttswtfnsm^, cnst sstR nsss i Sts fnf^fw feR rnnrn w n f ^ i f c f n s s s t A f w ttfn timers
tcsntm wHt %1CA, wmnff f5flnn In'nfw I t n n ^ estm^ ^^cw wten i fff? -imn "^ten m n f ^ niAf fffness
sTintlsfic^ rnn n f n mn f^nsw Stnfnfesn (tinfmn, si-f5=^, m n t ^ )
StwTsn -ant tf%n 9m ttfn wnntftsnn S t w j w nft
^1*1*11 f m r r 'srrsrm % m-mmm tR^?int mmi
cmttentt fnn^t w i mintfnnm wtnsj^m S^ wm^^nm i
ffns %?n?m wm 2n:?nw% wtj n ^ - a s t f n w s ncsj Ssm
2 t m -at trnicss n ^ i fftsr iacss mtn tfm?i i i i -asm tffn-wtfesn nwtfnien f'fl^n ntnwt nsm as tsm fnntm
wfns Sns tm i[tf^ I nn tirnnf? i i men Isw^ i nmn t n t f ^ ntftn mnifmes i R R (?Vii8A nen -ann m ^
Stmncn mfn cncsn srmn, cnf fnemf fwn fwn timtm ffi? fmiftt nsesn cnttcn wtf^n (wm-îfnn, s.t., too) wtm
stn^, 2|#iw iiiss--!F# rnn^ nnen -asst nnes -assif^ss mm wtt-tmtfnm (wtffn-WtmmRsm, Recueil des Hist, des
croisades. At., A, i i 8 - 4 ) ntn^ sftfnwn -ansf? ff fln i
Stmnn nm^ ffn nnmt n r o mgnmn tAin nennms i
mR cnc5n 'Fen S^ntnn ffwn stmn m'sm f^tme? i nennms 'Fn tAm ninnsnetn cnscai fnmf tmf'n-m'sm-n (f. NSNSb-/58s> g.
nsiew mmemn Se^ten ffn mismmn fnmn ctmi stslc^ i mfenn fSAl^t-ffn, f. ioi) fitfw wtemt sJAtemtj nn i n ^ mnf?n
f^rornn, ms mn fewn SnîRm mRr wifSff ttn snf%s wm Sit tntfnm sên* tsm wtfR^ S w t 'wtntfnm i
m%?m niAisj tms w'fw i wtntfnntew n t A f ^ tfnntcsn f f f t f w t t ntw^ nsfnewn,
ntAim fnw t t m f f n m (tmfmn) wtsenn wtnm (^.
m?m Rfjew
Hoffmann, Auszuge, 222) ntnp ^^tcns wfsnlft flenn i
^5rW s(g. "msn) t t n t ^ - f n ( i t . , ioto-i4)--an new wtfntfnns tooo/-iAoNS nen
w r K - W | t * i ^ t ^ S f l ^ S - ^ " ^ (ÎjU-ll ,_^VI) 8Tudela WtAtcns wttnn neS i tAm S^fwn fnneRiew tt^^nff m e n ^
m^ cntss), wtfn-'mmsm (mtm mtf wtm^m) mt^mn t f n -arnnst ntm ntwjf? t f i w fln (Akr Shush, Dahuk, -annfss
"wmfnatA tsn ^rmm mm-Swf (m mm-nsmf), c t % 'mmn Zakho) I tnn^ ntsfmn wtfntt ms'lf cw? -ant sstn* ^tn
nsfn, wm liRnm, f f ? cnfwcn ntfnw, tj. <fA/iio-i; wtms 'SAntfens t w n ^ ^^fnw i wneten 'Simftt wtAtenn
nfpw smRisjh w m # i w f ome^ m#if^ n ^ westew wnmsjfne^ Rewenn ntewm w ^ ^^fnm ntn, si Aids wfcn
tfNsmnm (5. Brockelmann, 1, 320. S I 480), f f ? f w R 'wtmfnm'-^tn* ^nmstenctn -ant ^tn8nt>sRiensw'fw fln i
fitntnw 'f^nttmA'ssfnwmmf nwStennnemRelnwtentTfw I i S i A t o m f n n te?ts fmtnrn tn êw'wtntfnm t m e ^ w t t
mmnt at^m^w wifnf^ S ^ nrffw* wims nfSw fsnrnms: nfnnt tfstftw An i
fnetn amstesn sstm nt^^nnnfeA s f ^ nftste^ 1 crn^ t f n sr^tdt 8 ( i ) t n t ^ , NSt., I i i ; ( A ) K. Ritter,
7itniSn-fnns--iinrnn^w-fwrnn(ntt. Rikaby, nt. i, o, ^s), Erdkunde, S.t., 1 i 1 - A o , HAH; i i t . , <tô t . ; {^) E.
t f n ftnm 'S^ni^n-wt^, tffn-ttw'^-ian wm^w-wt*^ Reclus, Nouv. geogr, univ., Sit., 8 0 o ; ( 8 ) G.
(ff)n mmm) * mm-nmtfn wt*fSw-wT%!; (nt is-a, i^'-a, Hoffmann, Auszuge aus syrischen Akten
cnn f^f?n wm ^. S. M. stem, in Arablca, 1955 Persischer Martyrer, Leipzig 1880, 203, 219 t.;
(<t) M. Hartmann, Bohtan-{Mltteil, der berliner
i<?o 'J.), ^. fNsntm" I
Vorderasiat. Gesellsch, 1897-1898). 10. f ^ A, 'JsA;
a t ^ f ^ i (i)tftnmnm,ntfm, Ms. Oxford, 749, najss
?fnst i , i o i ; (to) ( M . Rousseau). Description du
itoi, V ff; (A) t f t tissm, ^mmit^-tfmn, Aii-t-; i^) m ^ ,
Pachalik de Bagdad, Paris 1809, 198 * Xt- Rn^,
>8nrft, MS Oxford 664, tarns iNS-t.; ( 8 ) lsss>lf, A 4 ) ; ( 1 ) H. A. Layard, Nineveh and its remains,
Analectes, il, 139 (-162), 235, 275, 336, 360, 652; 1854, i t . , i<M-toA; (b) Sandreczki, Reise nach
[a) tnn nt*^, t f n tmfn-tara fftf^nm, At., nsas.; (to) h. Mossul und Urmia, NSt., AH<f t . ; (S.) Thielmann,
Peres, Poesie andalouse, index, s.v. L'Aveugle de Strelfzuge im Kaukasus, 1875, 529; ( i o ) Cuinet,
Tudele. La Turquie d' Asie, 2, 15*; ( i i ) Le Strange, 92 t.;
S. M. Stem (E.i.^)/ ttnm cstn ( i A ) Sir A. W i l s o n , Mesopotamia, 1917-20, n^
*ll>llfJt?ll (5.ujLaji) 8 ffntenn
-ansf? tsn, ttm n f n iSiNSo, fnn51
(fs, mn nfn rnn fn^-sê fnfnw Stnf) wnntflnsm nTssfn^r-ian M. Streck [V. Minorsky] (E.I.^)/ tmm cntn
t n n t f ffsicmn
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Contents
8??
^ f s T t R ( j L a i ) s 9mm\, w m , w?ii3j, w r r o f f t ; Wt3Ct? t w t (C?W)-t C f t t cw? f w W ?TCSiT? W?Wtf?tCf

fwiRR, w R w T O a n ^ ^ttic? I i t f f t f w r m f f k f w t w t f t W t R t f c f W W ? f t f c t ? cttw t l f ^ 1 f t f f t f t f f
t m T t f t , w w t f T O wtW5 ^tc tTrt ?t?iic? ^tetfff f 3 F ? ttf?? C f H ? T f w 3f f W f f I ? Wt?f tf% iftR
" f f l w i w tesii c r o cwtt? ro? wifTf f t f t t f k t f f t f r c f WtJCt RttfffWC? fW f f f w W?ff?, t t f t t W C ? f i r S WfW?'Stt
w m f t w tiTc ct wtft?? t t f ftc t t t I w w s t ? w i T C f tfttw ftT ^te? 1 t r c f t f f f w c ? CT cw? WW? ft c w t t w
.ftttttftt (^>>u>)-il C'Nttt ftct" (wr? f . f t t i'bSii?) 1 ticfc? w t j c t f W ? f W tttc fte? I f t w w ? ?t wfw?ff!
'wtro t t w t f f w f w t -^rm ( t ) - i i ? f&fk w t t t t ?Tf%? ffw twf% t t t t 'ff?ttt fte?' W'a?t? wffff? wtc?, wtte?
(isittt w t t i t = - t f t wtTT (g.) ft'W j (g.) f i f a t t ? i
j i ^ - m t t t f f f R f?ttct t t f t f f ^ t t c ? I w t t t t f f f t t t f t f t t e w wtw W T ? t m wfsitw ?w? W f ?w t t , wwet?
RW wfaFlw ?'a?T? te? ( w t w ww? fe?) w t w wfw? fWe??
w t t e t a f t f - t t i i f 'wtro fftTt f w r o - c f f^ff ttet I
i f f ?W? ( t w t ftff'^ tc 8 WR) t f 3 , tft W ct f f f W
f r e ffttct t t ,^^c t f ? f s t i f ^ W T ? ftcsf? # t ?
tWf%? W?T i i w i t f l t t e t ? crot t t c t t ? Wt2t?ft ?? CT t e t ? W ^ - f f W ftttc? t t w f ffWCf W t f R fffc t?R fC? I
w w ^ ct f i t t t ilts, cttsftJ t t f t e t ? t w t f ? ct t t t t t f i c f f 5 f f % f a ?^ftt, W T W ffffs w t w ffwet? cttwe? t t t ^
( f . E. Tyan, Institutions du droit public ?5e?t, w t w W f f f t
wwe?? f f t t t c w t f c t t , f f f t T w t w f
M u s u l m a n , i t . , ' b o t . ) i i l t W f f f t ^ftf? f t f w wtTWfffe tfJtw CWWR? c?w? fetfwT ^tct w I t t w f
(Semitic) f C t ? t t t t ( f . fts^) i ??? f C t W t ( t ) C t t f ? tti:^ w?fl?ffet, wtf?tfe? ?fte ctet, c t ? f f wft? w f W f
t ? f ? ffttc t f ? ts,f? f f ? fC?? ilt? t f t t ? t?fttte? f t W t H f f f e t ? fffff^ttf W?; cffstWf wft? t W C f W T C f
t e g t ro?? ( i wt?t ? ftsiff) s "wtsil?? ftw i i f wftwj f f f e t ? ff fcttwj T ^ f t R ? w f ? f W ^tet, W Cftt W T C f
il??tfft^ tftc?? ( f f f t f e t ? t e t j ^ c ) C f H t j R f i f s t t ? s t t H ctfatff t?c?? Wet w f f W "5tet, ct t r o cw? f ^ f f e f f
f f f e t t f C t ? t f ? t r ? t t f f f ? f ? (t?? ftftt, ^. V58?) I Wt ii?? t f c f t ?fRfte w c w tct ?ft?te? i WW ^ t f ,
f t f f i t ? ( t ) - i i ? w f ? ?te wf?it ?fw w w w? ( f . f t W t H t f t f t t t t t e t ? Wef? f f r o w cw? f t w ro? w t w t w t
Wensinck, Handbook, 5. ffW, Wt?) i w ? T ? f c ? , W R t f f t WW? 'wtwt' Cft f f f w fte tie?? ii??
t t e ? ?ff wt?tt t^ft tffat f?wte?? <t f t f W'flW-? ' f t t WTCf f f w t f fH'-ii cft?ltw ct-aw? ?T?ff fffc tte?? i
wf?ffte f f t ? 'Q ffff?set? te?i 'WTTT ?ftiw ?sff ffwtw Wfftt ?5ff cw? f t f t t c f tTfet? WewT wf?it w?t3i
t f f f t trttTf f W ?t?lc? ( f . Blachere, Le Coran, f t t t C f 'WttR'?WTfW,??? t?R' (Wftft)?WTr I
trad., ? f , ioHb)] W f f W ^ (t)'a f t t t f f f t t f T C t ?

tf t W f l f fCt? CftffCf (ioS-iob/Hk'S-Hk-h) a
t f t ^ N t f t W f t H - t W ? f Wfft fjff T f , ?Tf^R W t H - t a f a
c t w t r r o t ? ? f ?te cfff t?ftt twffe ( f . f T W f
f W t fW ^ I R f f C f W f W W W W ? , W T . ^ t wffewj?
WffftT, Documents s u r la diplomatic
tCRCf R f t tRCf fWt fW ^tWflt, WW ffRC? f t f t t
musulmane, t l f f t t ih^d ^. i f f t i f t ? ) f t f ff?tfW ftte??
f f t w t e t ? il?? f f ? cfW? t t t t t ? tftaFct oi/is<?i
f t R w f e W f ^ ^ ? t e ? I ilt ffwtw w R TT t t w t t f f r t
i o 8 - i W ^ ? ? - ' i 8 t t c w tf%? t e w f f f t f ?fttlC? I fttf
W f W t t w f f f e ^ af ^tist'j^f^f wtffeT? w t T c t ( f .
tte?? ctfttfft fRftf? w t - w t f T f i f - ? f ? i t - w f , io f '
wf?ft-ft'w) I f f c f f f f f t f c t ? WW w?feai? f t t c ^ ilfft?
tea? o?i 'jtrf? a t ? ? f < j f t f C ? WW W? i (fft?C^f
t e g t f t t i e ? , t ? ? W R , i/?t., O t I f f f w f w t c f t r ? R?ett
Bjorkman, Beitrage zur Geschichte der
ttffwfff wef ffw-ii? w t f ? t tt?tf '^c ' j w f?T T ? t t t I t t ?
Staatskanzleilm islamischen Agjrpten, Ttff
t t w e t ? t f f wft? ffwf?te? f t ? ? f?t T5I t?t t T ? w f f
is>?v- %, % i i o f . ) I w t - W t f t f t f ftftt ?fwNf f f ^
rotT? I
f f f f t t t t t e t ? wTW?t3i f w c t f s t e i t f f f w c ? ? ii??.
t t w e t ? t f ? wtte? wtw? i f f l t w?ta! wt?l ff?ftw?
wffw?et?t t t f r o t tffot f t w f W R ^^c f f t t e w i i i t s f t f i t
tww i i f w ? T ? f w 'Stetfff f 3 F w f f i w w t - T ? e ? ? w w ^
: ?@egtf t i f ^ t t c f f r s ^wt ii?v t f t f w e t tftc ctet,
i f f w ? w f t t t t e ? ? # ? ? t w f % cw? f f f t t Rtet? WW wttc?? Wfe?twf? w t w i i t t f f t f f w t c ? ? tft WRfff w t t f f
wttt t??fws T I I feTf w f ? te?fft f t f t r t t?-wf w f f w i f ^ f t fttt fftf fW '5t iit i^fTffftt i t t?e?? wftte??
w s W t Wftte?, i i t t f f i f f w ? # w t , cw? t i f ^ w f f f .wR?tT twT?t t f f e w w f f f w t t c f t , W T ' w r t ^ i f e w
t i W f ??ct#tf f g c f 'Stt WTW? f w e t ? c w t t w w e t i c w ? W w f W e t ? f t t ^te ffwwWTfe? ^ f W t t t t c ? i
ttwf ftfCftt
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Contents
W H 8A
(fnfw^ AifA * nwnR mm wienibm) tcnntinfA; ( i i ) w.

(N%^. M . Canard, Deux episodes des relations Heffenlng, Das islamische Fremdenrecht,
diplomatiques arabe-byzantines au Xe siecle, B. Ajiemw iÂ* (menss tesntm Stn aitmm mw w , ff?
Et, Or., i o t . , (?i-toS>), m\ fnPiil * -ifm W t U s ? W nwwin nft nrnmn srfne ^ten, ^. Bergstrasser, in
w m - m f ^ tot/iA'^ '*tmfl? m w i R n s n ssRntfln -an" Isl. i-t,ii t.,tAierxtn^^teS^fnfAsft5ne^); (iA)
WH-ta1n?ifmoiww##<miOTnaimnwt^ i tmtt fAimn Aif falA, Muslim Conduct of State, tfnnf^
WT An, Nsiiiiiw? tnnif nmn crnnR smsi^tt'i witw? wfsit ntfSt, mCAtS ifeSe %, i i i t., iS>A t., A O O - ; (i) N.
Rftra srmcn aftftn ' w n * tnmft n w t m n fwfeo fntnmcn Kruse, Islamische Volkerrechtslehre, Gottlngen
ntnTff W T A t n m i ^ t / i A t ' t w r ^ cnnfw A t e w , ife<^^ (cnm A S mt); (iS) m#n t l ^ . War and Peace
^ r n n t t e n n tTnTttn nmnt-ntRsjj f f w fen, f & t n * fnfnn in the Law of Islam, SlniUcvils ii>(t(t %, f. itoA-ito^,
tjis^^ciifl nem nn ' W R ' sjRtmef nsinw nmtm mf^mei AA* t., A8 t. I
ntAtew mftfwin mfsns^ fnrntNst * mftmean n m ^ fln i m e ^ J . Schacht (E.I.2)/ fAT^nfnmÂf
, fnne?i Swe?ra nem s t f f w t w n t ^ nftsieA, >annff ' W R ' n ^
W R , fn (5. wimn, f n )
e w e w nnn nRn " w f a f f w t ^ ftntenrnnmn*ssm ^meA
-ant fnfnn 'Smm'-c^ Smenn n m : ^ c w ate^tn ^Fiw^sm m wrmnw ( I ) 8 mRm wTti AHnR, f ^ f n wTt'wt#
* n c F f n witl, fnmf mfnm ntetti flenn i wtmn fnfipntt
fnwT fncw wfcmn n^m ^ten mmfnwtent ^stmm e w r W R
ftment f5i ^ f n e w (^. A.S. Atiya, >ansnTm i t o f - t m ^ tsR stew mifnntflenn-ant atfîrnncAs f ^ mfnm'wt^ fffif
mtw*m, studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des
flenn. tsKnn mtAR ntfew tnm "wi^ w - f n m (m) m*mn
mRnws I
Nahen und Femen ostens [P.Kahle Festschrift],
nftesn i f e c ''j., ec-^b-) i m m s ^ -at n f % f n , m m tnmif mrnimw iAi/ibi(? men neêw wnmt nsesn i m fst
w n t ^ f e n w m n ^ t tfntftw A S tnfwmn), t n n i f nns snen cmttapi ^stm fwR msstR 1 w n ^ n i t tRai
WTcâpnfnwtncA, nnt t m m snc^m'sRcssfsTTnnTAtt&tf înnfA m<n nsfnntn S e ^ fwR tsT^ tnn ênn
* msmîtn msTcw nTf=t%^ tAsft -ant^fcnwcns mfen (iAtoo/ib88) I micA, -assfnn WRT tmn ^msn (m)-ias
ST^nfCAS n e s j fwrnn fln (^. R. Brunschvig, La
ntmess fnss? sfnrn f'WT ssRcf|enn, -ann nnn Aitt wrmn
Berberie orientale sous les Hafsides, i t . , t i T f s n
rn^tRp fffsm wien i ff? wimn tcs* R F ^ I S W B W I tifwi mn i
itSiSo, f. 8>0o-8o) I
ctfei n w tmcss nsfeitm wneten fwR cnet fffsm wicnn i ff?
st"5t#f 8 S t n n f A 8 ( i ) W T f f f f s ( f . i b A f t . ) ,
nstm w m n w e t wfnmtt nnn mRewt mffewn -ant
f w i f n - t m r s f , fmss ns^Fst ioA ft., * ssmem n t ^ t i8to f t .
s>HJbi>ts R tiffm nns wfwmftw nsfnewn i fwR wrmn cnt
Wf. E. Fagnan, tJTfsn i ^ A i ( A ) cntSs, W - n T f ' W I T
w n ^ ^tt tmA-t wiwmm' ( n ^ iAio ft.) ate^ -atmen
fnsii^t-wTNsmf [-at afc^ fwfn wtf mfnt, (f. i - o %)-m
Scat <tssieAH, ttffnss w n ^ n ^ cmtt* m*m-wim ^^fnwin
nwnlnc^ nnln n^csn mrem'^ (f. i f f i ft.)--as nwntens f n t c ^ ] ;
m I f w H W W nsm nen nfnrn m w Sc^tn nsj fnm
w e m ( i ( M f t . l ; ( ) mt tmn m f f ^ n^mnA, mfn*^
nsimfwttw nfnrnn' i wrmmw WTAIS -at m ^ - w w ^m fnfw^
(f. A o 8 f t . ) , ffwran-s^, ^t., fm^ i A e f t . , ov5-oto; ( 8 ) nsRw* rnnms Seat ^fsmcAn i -assf? F f t f ssfnw fwR
f A l w t f f n - A i n R w t - w m f (f. ibs* ft.), fwtfn-fnmn Rests m^tf^ttnm * m^tf^ fffsm titms tcs* istîî wsm
w i - s n f n , m m t f (f. 8 b ft.)->as rnnmA, 8 t e , A I S ^ S H I I ttffm m*nm w -atmen n^fnt nsfnntcAn, I w i ^ t n *
i-ovsff-to f t . ; (a) fAimn f f n ' w n m f , s ^ a t c ^ ^wfmn nT<Ptf^fn, wimn f t n * emwm cnn wiR Ateôt msstRs tms
(nbm i A i ft-), A t , , tlt(t i A 8 i ft.; (to) niAm tsn W R <f. atft3Fwimt^,ffsnwwiR -atn-assf? aift, f n n w mesf*
Ao f t . ) , fnswtfn-tmTsF, mtesn ib!to * Wem i o 8 i f t . ; nTAts wn^ S ^ ' I -awR # n f w wtmnewn -at cmwmfnc^
( 1 ) WTf 'Srnnn (f. A A 8 f t . ) , R 5 w t f n - w i n * n i n , w e m i(^^ nt%i cmt nRm Seat ^Rntein (wmfwi-t ettt mm^-t
ft.; ( b ) w i m f (f. i p ft.), t t f w m t f n - ^ i m ' , mm. J . m ) I pifat ntnn nnen wtmmw ne#tew f^gmnt nsenn -ant
f
Schacht, mtPSn ifeoo ^r, (fe) fw-AalSJ,l<)f S fWAR WSTln;cnticît nntft An i îAis f ^ Stne^ wcnss nsR f ^ wiRt
(io) ttNanstf, ntn^-wtNaw, b t . , w r e m i-ossft., iis>-bv5 3Tnfnw ta^^Rm ( c i . u J = j ) Retn i ftn mfn 'wt^fcnn ta
t n n t f ffstemn
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8?8
ffWtll wmitm f 5 J ? WT, WR.fWTO WWtWTO(WRl?, WWW tfefti? f ? l f w f ? t ? (Opera) t f W C f f f t t c t t?t?

?v eprltN-tw, i?1(f/o W f t l f t , iV(2-S., W f ? t t ? ) I w f f ? e t t f f wti?fef 'ww?ttW ftttf w e t f fc?? m i t T
f t ? ?,t? ??T?r wttttr;? ff?w ? ^ wf? W T R T I R t ? t f wtw? f t t t i t f I t f s f WWC? i l t t ? fff? CtWltttt!?? I
tti*it ttt%?? tftI WT m i ?5 f w ? ftWTft I -.) wet? 'WW?WW' f ? t f wef?t? Wff?t t ? m i tw otttiit ' w f
Wtfttw' I Sftt s f t t C?s?t CWfWW (i||?t??l) tfiW-ftw fte?? tfefcf ftftf R i w f T ? Wtc? tcts t f f t f f ?? w t i
(fffw) ?5W ?#C? I I f f f f f f C t w w t t t f f c w w ? f c ? t i 'wwtww t ^ 3it t t t f t ? C f t w wft?t "Wf f t ? tr?^
Wftt%5 T?ft?f? t? ftfSf ?bW t f w c t ? ftfsT Wf?t ? T f w f c f t t t t f fff?tf?ctt m i c t t tt5f t c t 3 w t w f w ?t?lf?i I
WtT? W ? Cff? f f w Ht W I W?fT t f wtw? t w f t t f t w t f I W W t t w ? f e ? t T ?
w?R?w f?t I WW? f e t cW tr? tjiR f?-fWcw ?fftw
?^wwf 8 (i) f w ? npt t f t w t TTW? w w m ? ?<'tif?iS1
fcf m i t T ? wff?et wt? w e t f w t f f t f f w ?? i
WWttw Wfttt?f m Wo f 5 f & CWfWW ?5W f%tC??, t f f
RcfCf t w t e t t trtR w w f fC? i Frledrisch Rosen
tstt? CWfwtf? Cftt t l f t t atftRo T? tit I f r ? W^ffftt?
Wtftf wtw? 'WWtWW' wf?tt f c ? t m i wtTe f f m
^Wfttfo CWfWW, W T ? Ctf5 C*ftf t l t J f iHdd, W t J f t f W t t t
f f t w tictftw fc?? I wt??cf ilt ? t f t ?ett w?f2t?w WW
T t t t ? R r f f t ? f f f WC? t i ? t ^ w c ? I
f c ? I t i r o t w t f t wtegfte t r o w t s i g f i t tftw^ t w i wte?;
(?) f^stf? W fftwt? t i f t ? (tf?ttyf-f1t1Tf), W T i?b-<2-
ftwftc f t t iRw T f , f f w f c t ^ f T ? f i w t t f s ? t i f t ? I WfietJ i|ft?tt w t f , fflStt W?tf i l f t t 'Q?ff ? f W W f
t f f tWTIW m t t ftff (t^j--'-. -)-t? t f f f t 3 f f (^.. - ) fttffw I t i ^ t r o w e t f t i r o t te#t, f f t f ? , W f t , c?f^,
t ^ f f (^^ - ) m f t w c w t w (cj.i.j_.uiij) f w f s t t f t t w w , ttgtw, ffft, f f t t , w c r o , wft?, wtw c r o t f c ?
ISfWf ( c i i ^ L j ) <pfil *4|'5i>^'* <it??lc? I . WW ?ttie? I
(o) ^SttCWtW-t wwww, trew tw? Wo t f f t CWf w c ? ; fTTstfw? ft?w?if c?f^lte ffe?tt? c w w f f t R c t cttte?
lilftftftt? W f f ?t?ilC? I i^l'b ttwftW ft?<lC?? 'wtw?tfW ?t?ro tt3ff?t T I m i tro ?Mt f t f w t f wttf?
W f t f f t - t l w l f t ' f ^ t W f CfCt ct t l ^ t t t WW ?t?flt?1 W T t w t i t T w t f t f t f w tt3f ?? I i i t w e ? f t t f t r f f c t ? t f
tttCftt f t f ? ttW 1 t f B f t f T S f t f ? 'WfW?tft'? f t f ? siwf? tittle? I 'wiwtttw'?
ct t i ^ t i t i M i f f c f R w f t t t t , te#t 'ê fftftt ??, t r
(8) wwttfw (?5W 8 i^'bv ft.) trfr? tfftf ftw tfi^ i f f t f w tfsw tf^êttfj I
f f f D 8 ( i ) Garcin de Tassy, Histoire de la
(<2-) cjTfttw-t www ( f t t j f t fgt i^'bs. ft.), t T fr? litterature Hindoui et Hindoustanie,fJtfft i v i o
ttftbW ?b?t?f? t l f t t I %, if., iS.8 ?t., 88?; (?) ff?W f?1Wt 'Wtwf, w f f-t
(-b) W ? T - t ^l-m^tt'ttl, W T WI-tiKtl'tti? f f f '^ftf It? f e w W t r o - t t i { ( W f c t W ? tie?fw f c f ? w f t t t ) , t # t iSixi-? % ,
tffw, t c ^ f5W f f w ? m ww? t f W I i ? i , < f i ; ( ) T. G. Bailey, A History of Urdu
wwww-ftc?3? t t c r a f s t?Rij ^
fCR? ttt?w ? W I . Literature, f f t t f t W , iS.? %, % bH; (8) f?1f? W t T O f ,
t T t t w t f t t?csf w t f f^ ft??fc?? m i i f t fl?cit fTCf WWW f t t t , WW t ^ f f c r o , te#t iVfeV ((?) WWW
f t w t - t ft'WWw-t W f # ' WCt WtJtt?w f W ?ttlC? I f T ? t t t , w R - ? W t w f , wt?tfsw-t Cttf www-t f w , f t g f f f ,
i f t tffft fwc?? tf?-''jti? t t t f w <i ftttc? 1 f f t f t lift's f r ? ff?tiw-t W f f f , f f t w ( f i f f f f ? w w w e w ? ftiffw
WCtftW 'Q CftfWfTsttCW^S fCR? WtW f f ? t f W 5 T5TI t T ? ff??t tf|c?Rw w e ? ) ; (^b) flWtft-'PtttTt ( f W t - t
f C t f f t w ? f t W i f croai ftaifwl? f R ^t?tc? i Wl>tHlc? wwww), ww w t w f , w:#t; (1) f f w ' r o 'Wf wfwf,
cftet f ^3wc? wR fct f^ ilftt crtf ww wtc wc?, ww m w t f ? ctttttt^, tt??tro w f Cft, te#t is.fl-8 (&)
T t c ? W f ftttc t ^ I fcfttJWC? f f ftwTt, f ? t fwwR W W t t t w , f t f w t ? , Wf. Wfftt, Frledrisch Rosen,
m i t f w ? i f c f ? tcRffjttfft f c m f f T ? ?sf?t? wtt?t W t f f t f , iVJs.? t-; (fe) WfWtWW W^s? fl??-t W W t t T W , tf
^ttff, c t f i ? c t t ? t ? w g f tttt ?t?)ic?i Cfft Cfft c w H t T c ffww, i i R t i f e ? i ; ( i o ) wwf f W t ' W t t f f , fff, i te^,
w w t f t f f t i t c ^ WWft ffttte? I ife88; ( i i ) ??W Ttt, R?tfw-t t f ^ w f f t W t c g f , Wt
WWRttW? ? W t tWet^ W?Tf t t t W?w WW t f t f w ifeoo % ; ( i ? ) f ? t w f t f ? t w t tw?, Wttf w r o , wcro
?w?R ^^?T wtfee?, WW "stc iit ??w iift Rww f?t ?s?t ife^8 t - ; ( i ) tlt'^w -^Ttt? f f w f , W t w t W f t f c%w.
tttic? ct, 'swfwt ' w f f t c ^ fte? f w ? itf f ? t f t ^
t t w f tffcftt
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8 Aff
gmsftn (m, ( i 8 ) <^^, nmiS SJT 'wTNS?nft ^5tcw f ^ ^^fscw wtns An 1 nssw fcws ftfw stn^fes mmen
c%w, cstn, -aniAHh i s e i (.; ( i c ) mnt 3tntn, litt n n n wwen n^pn ^ c s n wtmn fwR msw fm l a m w
tn'ttntA-t W t % t , fnft ihiobr '!(., i t . , 8 o i - 8 o 8 ; ( i t o ) 'Znmntfsfestnt ssesn, ff? ntnn wtss A S c n wtfsct liint wtm
wtfn-nm^ 1nff#t, nttntS sn T f i R f ^ - t t i t t t , wt^tw is.88 - ^ nten nttfnw fw fnnfw -gR (wftn wt^mn fw) nn m n 1
%, % AS>o n. I m*ntnftR twtfntcs (b- wtn%, isi^) fcSn temwnm
nt%n Nssisqn "onf (nt.m.t.) / >58 fst^ ^FW^S s^ntn wi^mfnte=tn mfnwT f t w w , n R * vgst^mtnfm fncntss
cnttsicn wsTtAw ttRm mn 1 fcntf (lafstn-^ is.Ao) * nstfcn
^ N H I ^ - ^ -gnslHTW (<.âi.. o^Lol) S I ( ^ W t s
wfftw wfwfn^ wtcmn wtcmsmn nn fc5n * wtn^mfnw A A
-at ntnl? 'cntcnw fW^tcnA') tîfcns ntfscs (^^ ._.jj=, nc^, iSsAi men fstfwcmf fnw n t f stfirtn nrtmcs l i i ^
jjK-a) s f r s srtStn t f e s ^ f n s stf stcstw i tAtcns ncsr cs
^ m w w I tewtnem cntfwcs? niRtm ( A V ewatR, isÂi)
sennit s t f ^ t A (n)-iirg n f ^ ntR sRsf ssft w t nftctn^t * îscfn ( i ntb, iSsAi) nfsw n t t f ^ ^ R n msren wtntfitA
^ f [ < I -at nnfts ncsj sftstc? wtms f^tsmt (5.), m^ wiwifw^ f t f R mw nsesn 1 tm mftw t m ^ , :ftn * tmens
wntntn, -i)^ nwt^, 'ss^ sfs?, -sM? mfl, cstw tc?n m nft* n t f stfwf%w A S I ^tAtn mwfmcns srttfnss nnfes
cFtv5t mn, R*tsw isM? n, f % i csm * siffsilA i^)-m tnfs^
wtntfitA mtn-tnntf f f w n liwwn stn^ flenn 1 tms ScRren
n # i w sfnrn ssfStw m^ mts 1 -awttw sftsicA ff^ w?5t3,
fln, mnffs fnRinnetn sjR nnR stmn, * tmenn nft
stnn * nrms mms ntcss nm ttess, iitsfn m f f w c w n ^ ^ t n liintfttm * f *nmA wrssmn cnwc^ l i r ^ nsjiirfn
c w n%, f w t - t mftfn c w c w mmfs S J S A fwfnn 1 cs>toicstn stfwf%w ssm 1 ff^ ^^R^tcnn Stn cntfwcs? fnnat
wts* wisst'mtftcw -aM?mfs -qsifswnsf%5m#if^ 1 fnssmR ^ c n lit tfn^?intf? tfnwras A S 1
sm AS, -at tt^fnftfn 'wt^ (m) * (m)-s s^fnf^r 1
S^rnf mnmncn stfw s w i c stmrm-'as mfsf Sns Stnc^ wwjftt <ypm wrmfpTAs f t R fln m^ w R
lit s ^ f n fsmsT w t st 1 wt*|Rnstnens stsm 1 wtmn f f w ntîonfAfnw^j? stntn msnr
mfsw A S i iJAi-8 mens n m n f f nncn fwR wt^tm fsmenn
at^tff s wicmssffegncsiw fsi1sw fssscts w m 5. ( i ) Oz
nstitem n t w * f n ^ w n 1 liit nnen sttn ntftn mew?
Tahsin, . Hirkai Saadat dairesi ve
(iSsAA) sftnn nsm A S lifst mnnws (is.A) * stmnRns ffwmm
Emanete-e-Mukadese, tIin, iixto tfsa s^ffts
(is.A\s) stnw^ nsm A S I fR w f t n rnn^ îs^fff n t W msn
w m ; (A) I. Goldziher. Muh. St., At., vseto-otoV, W * g.
s#m ttRntfn<F wftn fnR (is>Ai * m^ n^fnR is>A8-A(?)
Wls'-fsfRsî
stnwn ssesn 1 w t t n fsnnss n t w m j A wttw fln s n ^ 'S^mf
m.m.t./ia.iiin. isw. mAfas sAmn
Stenittetn W f litst tnntf fwtmnts w t f R f w e t n s R t m
'4|l>it'itllA.(<uji jjLci) sWFmfntcnswtfs*Ai%?tA mm simff 1 lat nssn fnw ttf'wr Atew f ^ 1 wen
(g.)-s wftn fzf * S^stfssstff 1 'Smm mnsr (f. isstoe f.) wtRmtetn fnmt ^^nm stwjtAtn nsRm wtm n t t ^ Stn m ssm
WtAts ntm I WtAts wm tttntn-ia A ib-s>A men 1 ffn ntnfs^ A S I WtAtn n t W nste^ stmnwn n ^ fln ft^ n m ^ <iint lat
ii)Ws% f ^ m w n 1 ffn ffwntn, Smf * ^^cits nfeif n c ^ R R fwn fwn -^1*^19^^ Rmtnn ^ t n * wr^pttn macns
flenn I fnst^-wttms-iits nttnss ntAfn wtsf (ivtoto-i<\s(j- fnenet fr^ ajActn wm catnt w n 1 ntf 9m n t c f wtmn
f .)-iiis wffnwTstf * tnntf wtffnwtntf wststs stfw fwfn StntA * nnR atmenn n^cn fwR fnttntn f n f n n t e t n nrncntbmn
wtft flenn 1 fwfn wtsfn w t ^stmt (\ Ai liifstn, is>toir)-w n f f n An 1 wftnfwns cnscai S f R mnens wm wrmîatA - ^ t n
is>i8 % fsmA w n . I A o csgmiR, issi^ men wtms f ^ ntn njn?t isiAt nsenn 1 tms nem fln cmttcmt njn?t S ^ (fnmn,
R A w t f a t A ôtn sstfcns nns f t ^ stwstf * tms cnm cnw, cBfnm^ n m ^ atnwn * csntetn w f t wt), fgt
mSfn, warms * csstmnts-*rs fnnget flenn 1 cnmmftf, w ^ t n m ^ n t w msn (ntfn tRne wt^ttf atnwn), sjs-îs
wtftnwtmf nn litntntstw^ cmeais nnafn mw ssRm fwfn wtms fn'fin * Atnsn f*te?t mmm mm 1 wstr wtms wtnen atfw
ft^ n t n W A * WtAts cwjt mwt tmmî^-iii? mR SIIWAW sjrcs wfw w<ftn1ws5 mnsm csst^twtcnt wtmn litt nnsn atcsttn
wn AV e^fi^ntfs wifsstcn ftffw mw w n 1 nsen mff A S nit I tm'^stntcA S^st3#s atcntnfCA Snen^
temfn wt^mfntcnn 'Sscnf't^ n t c f s cms ff?t fnnst ettanfCAS n n R ^ t n litnt w t f n * w ^ f%e^ S ^ *
Rmmn fm I wmtât^ lilt mtmcs wfpmfnwcss ff?t fnsat atntess nsen 1 tm f^ f R ensca* ff^ tfnmt S ^ mfn A S I
tnntf ffêmn
t.R. Mas
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I R l W f i f ? 2t*ftro WWJWflt f ^ ?tc^t WR ilt ffcgtfct? f f w fffc w f T f 1 is>?s> w e t ? i o wtfWff

?t?iifli m i w ? C T c g w c a f e w R ? i < : w a t w ( m f 1 t w t , ^ t wftffW? t t l W f W ? - m fct^ f f i T t ? rft fc?? m i w w r o
w f f t t t f f t f f w w i j ^ W M T I f r o w f f f f i W f W W I wffCt fWt? f C ? ? I i t r Wtfttff tWWfWT ffcw ffiWtt
f t z f f f f f f ^ W i W Sim fifPmW WWWJ (etWtw f f ) rft fc?? m i W W f f f ? T i f fsii? t f f f f f ? t f f t w W f c t ?
w w f W ? m i t w - t w T f ? w i f f cwitwilf f i t k s w ww wist W t f f w w f f f f e T T I w w r o ite wttfw? ?8 wtf?tft f r o
^ w f l c w T I w^ f t w ? WW f^ns? Iôi^c^ f i f f ^ t c t r o i i t f f f i T t ? jtet? crott frtro fc??, fcS? ( c f t f f w 1f?cT^
t k ? ? wnt wnt iwft w f ? f ftro ?3? f ?jww? C 5 f w?? 1 twf? w e f ) cttftett t f f ? ? ( f r o w^ t t e ? ? w w t ^
i f f t r o W R cfWWflfe w T t w w ? f i w t f w t t w ^ i t ? w:w W f f f f t w t w ^ crot f w ) m i W f f f ? tfwt1tf:?? f f f t
f b w % t ? f i t T I m i m i t f?-^, 1?f^ -a w w w c t r o i f t f W T w f t f T T I w w f W ? t f f s Tfttw <3 w w w f f f t tfwff?
t i l w T I . I iS>?8 WWI f i f i t w (g.) Rckj|c?<| fWC i ^ W f ? f f f t ^tc w w w w f c ? t , f f f f ? w f <3 f f t w t t e t ?
?J?fT C f # r o t , W t T W f R f W W CWf R f f w f ? WWfWf w f f w i c f ? t t f f w t r o fffc w f T t m i f t f t wifct
flWC?? f ? ? ^ f?WW? w w w ? I Cf?t f f f H f i f t fltC?? fftmif f r o W f t f W tftwe f t r o f r f r o ffc WW T T 1
fc?t i t 1?tgr? f t ? f ? i R@? T f 1 f f f t t c ? ? WW w w f ^ ?o w f f f wtfttifwt? rft f i f w w? wffct t t w fc?? i
f r o t ? w ? f t f t t n t t i t f ^ WW T f I iiRt, ife'bo w e t ft'Stl^'iJlc* f r o f W ^ I f r o f t e t ? ctcf
is.?i WCt? f f R ^ WWf w w f ^ t t c ? f f ; g t c w f j F c f W W ? ? mif?tc^wfWW?TC5fWf?f?t??i I
WW ?5c?? m i i wwt, iis>?br W f c t f w f ? f f ?sc?? i f r o tc f f f ift 8 W W f W ? t W C f fW? # ? f t f ? , ctt? f t t f
f r o c t t ^ t ? f T n W f i t f t f -s t^f? fC9f? ^ w g w f ? f t t - m t r i f % f f?? t e ? ? t i f t f f c f s f t r o R
w [ t w ? f ? f I f f ? f t w w f ? t f c ? t , t i f f c t ? # f f?rot <3 Wild, R? iS>o? % m i t f t f R w t f f t ? , R? ifeoo j.
, f f f t f ? fi?wc?? w ? K t t T 'siw? f?t t? I fft m i t w r f ? f f f e ^ f w f R I ( i ) Rhea Tallcy Stewart, Fire in
f i ? t t (tw fw?W) w ^ fc?? (?br wt%-ft ctctg?) m ^ f r o Afghanistan 1914-29* f f t t ? f i i 1 (?) L. B.
f? f?w f i ? f 5 ? f t f ? 2 i ? c t ? WW W f fRftifw? tc?t%f Poullada, Reform and Rebellion in
c f f w c f tfe fc?? I iicf?Tw c t t f^: t f t c f w f f ? f w f Afghanistan, 1919-29, Ithaca 1973 (o) L. W.
f W t t t t t f ? ? # f fifC^s f r C f t f tWCtf tB? '^Ct Wt?3, Adamec, Afghanistan 1900-1923, W f R t t ilCtt
ft wwfwf t i w ? <3 tff f ? t j f t T w n c f f r o cwff ife'iji ( 8 ) i& c t t f , Afghanistan's Foreign affairs
f i f f f f t f ? f r o c f f f t c f ? t c w ?cfi f f t w c t ffcwco? f i t to the mid-twentieth Century, Tucson 1974
f W I ffff f f f sWft W ^ W W W f ^ oo c t c t ^ {(t) V. Gregorian, The emergence of modern
WtttC?? t c w ft t^tttlff f f s i t t^^WWW? WtJW f r o i t Afghanistan, ^Jl-fCffvis ife'bfe % i i l t t f t f C f f t r T O
f w ? t f ? t f w ^ fc?? I wtii i t (jsfi?f t f s f r i w w f t c w c f w f t f t f f f f iff Rictfiw W W I

w f s ^ f s f t f w f f f t r o t f f w f c ? I N.E. Yapp (E.I.2)/f?tff t t f f ?
ffR^ t t t f i w f t i W ? , 'witttct? f f ^ wf5?t, f f w attfct?
C W 3 I 'WiftCt?Cf tWt? ff%T? f W f t ? ?SW m i WOtCR
. f f f ^ ' w i t t t t c f ? f ^ f W w w f W T ^ rofit w f "wftt
c f f c f ciipftT{ffi?wcfctmiWTW cft? w r o - m ?it?i
f i f f f c t ? c?cf w w f ^ t T C f t f x g t f t i c f wtrtff fffw
f C ? t 1 w f ? i l t "WftttCt? C t f f W f fiffW? tsctt; f f f
t c ^ WCt Rff ^ i t f w r f ? ffcftc?? t T [ f t T f I t w w
ctf t t f f ilt ffcgt? f t l ^ titft T f wtwwwct?
fffc5 m i t r c f f t ^ f f f w w w tfwtf wif f i t I wf?ft
t e t f f t t w w m i tro c t f f f w t f c t t trwf? w t f a w w
ffffp m w f f t f c t w I f r o ? i ff^ W f f t w f t f rot
f f t t W ? ^tc fifwR f t f c t ? t f ? watniit f f f w ? fifc
wttifw^ t ^ T ? w t m i f r o w? t f t t i w ? siw? 2 i n r o
ttwf ffilcfit
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'wtntn (wtntn-t fAf^H w t f ) 8 AH 'Wtntn
w n w R R ^ nt -*9cw ntc^ i iob-/ib-s.o nn ctfctSlf stn ( N e o - P l a t o n l s t s - ^ nP^fin^ osfcnt * c?te&ln

j ^ c w ^ T w t n An 'wtsgn-Atfwn tnsr? ^nt1% nn^nten^n <MC*M nwmnft) wtAtc^ wfnnn ^mnntem i -iifscîUn* W ^ ( f R n t ^ )
nnn nnswnn;en* wfw S^tn S ^ Atew ntess i tAsHJ? e n t n ^ N S Mw^ bfneajn wenns t m ^^fnewn i tAtt
wRnrfcffn nem n t m r s i F wst ^'wt, ntmtnf f f t 'wtnn f n f t n w s f t < F F T W 'uqffTSfSenn FicnHfw nt nsiw^' N W N T N ntAtcw nnt
W nsi^rfn f%tn, fnn-iin nttn^, tntenn wfsnt^, ntfn Atnt ntcss, wnwef Stnfn; * cwtn N S N T N wm ntfcnn
(Sabaean) cnttmstntn * iôHo/is.<ô nn nf? I f f ntnr^ wl^tcs> win ntnt S ^ ssst As-nstewn ntmen nn i
n t ^ ntntn Un i wtfwntn affrs '^nwr nen (mandate) fl?t wtw-wt*ff W T A T N fssTstntw (sstnest is.AS) f. A ^ A n.)
w f n w ^ ( i ' a 8 / i s . i * A t e ^ i < ? i / i 5 A nn nfs) ntwten
nrnnsafe^wtn * N S ^ mm fsfw^ nw A T S S F T s^fssicAH i wtnnt
* tntns nnnstens tin-imw tAsI? wtn* ntntinw AtsleA mi sfntnwffwfw ntntm nesit wtentsm fnmw mf^ i SntAsn^n
Âtew wtffnns w t t f t ^ fnRw ntnntAn * wnennt^nns fRnttnn wtn-ntnifn stfw nfnnt nsfstw f f n " (philosophische
n j n ^ ^nte^ i f f ? cnrftn tinws w f N nnnjtfn lan?. ifiwifstsienn
Abhandlungen, 72 % (wtnf), ed. Dieterici] sfe^
w n t % aimnn * cwftnnenn t ^ ^ i n ^ wtw* wfnttftw nltnt S 5 T T nnt mtew men (nten >it'sn[F& t f n %n stfw) nitt^tet
t^tntcAi sT^Wnn i | - T l f ^ N S (Psychological) * wfsfnmTfn^

fit^f# 8 ^ w t n e n n wnj ( i ) v . Cuinet, Le Turquie (metap- hysical) nwntn ^ tltslCA i F W F N WtW F W N F ?
d Asie, nrttnn ibrS.A %; n., A15 n.; ( A ) S . H . Longrlgg, isfs ^^sfti%:c^ (ntm cssnn nte^n Sfaf^TW AtsicA) îin?.
Four Centuries of tVlodem Iraq, W W F t w i S . A < ? % ; wftn nssftfê^ (ntm wfnnswn f*fwten wtentf&W AtsiCA)
( ) J.G.Lorimer, Persian Gulf-Gazeteer, n., ^wamen F P F ^ w nsfsntem i Sf%n * m f n w t w N S ^ t n n w i ,
nsftwt iS.ov % I b^^nt/Rst --twrftn wnj S . H . Longrigg, mfcnn w t w w * F T T F%rsffwnt^ w t w nwt mn m msAtfs^ i
Iraq 1900-1950, nn iS.<M i f f ? ntfcnn wt^ cw^ afcntwfnt nn, nnt f=^ fwfnne^ ntflm
S . H . Longrigg (E.i.^) ^p^n âniRnnt
ntnm ^wm nten liint wnew ft?r ne^ c%tenm wm sfAt
nsen I W ^ ^ ^ 4 ^ F ^ m fnwtn w * mt, ^ ntenn i tfgnfw
wfTsfH (wrtrrm-^ -^^m ^sff^) ( ^ s StnR (fifffs wt^) ^ê wts ssfnm W ^ ff^ n^smw m^îtm
wtfn. itooo ngfs wmsnean nwtn fnfnn f&gnsn i frog cntnn * wsfnn AS mi ffwtw tfnnen c'ttcA i msmfsss ff^ csssn
itnnj mntn w f f nn^n n n n n ^ i 'Snjiw nsfn' ntnss wtnstn nmfn, w ^ ( f R ) , ff^ m f n {% w t n - w t f s fnwtsmw,
fgajf? wnsf wtifw nftnt wffnw A S I ntnfn^ ntnt ntnt awifnw wtsf, ntt. Dieterici, f. 8 1 ) i
^cn* lilt Af<fl5c <:ntnn ffwew w t f f w f s n t w n ^ ntn
Wtntmn t m Scan m mn, îfscîUncss wfnnn nsfnm
nj*[< fSstntn ^ nitnteA I
nf^ffn^nn f f w e ^ W ^ (ntwfnm- * smAlff^
nttnt fftjcsstn
Cwtmftm 5.1 lilt ^ men mn nsfnrncAn i cmmt^ mnt
'mInH ( J ^ ) I ffwm^, w<!ffw * nlwffw I
i I *wint^ 8 nttnn, nstf, mntntw nt'^fRss ig nstntnttaffinn a t ^ # 8 ( i ) A.G. Wensinck, The tVIusllm Creed,'
(j^ . K - . . ) ffam (tnn, ^ntn g.)'wnnt t n n * nrsfTs nsjtntw iS.A % f n ^ , 5. wtntn (Works); ( A ) Tj. de
(jj^ _>iij.) n t e f wtennsnwen tAin Sean nsfnnt ntcw i Boer, Ethics and tVIorality (tVIuslim) in Hasting
fnfnn n?*ffn^nn mfen n t ^ fnntems iffw n ^ wtn * wtn Enc. of Religion and Ethics.
W f n t f n n w t (^. ntnstftA', ntt. van Vloten, i i n.) i Tj. De Boer (E.I.^)/ f A l ^ F N N T ^ Af
n^ fnftn fba(tfsn t n n * '^wicns nînafctn aiesiwf sîs wnnt A I *wtnir ( j ^ ) 8n. n. JL^\ 'mm ssm AS'liist f n w
w^wne^ ntffnwfn Snn cwtn fnntein (^. Goldziher, ffwtn * AifeAsfemn Wfntes ' N S F W ' i tAtIF^fs^mcnntwTs (g.) *
nfwtfnn-ntnsn, f. <^8-too) i R ^ # s s n-fen ffwntn * ffwttean wfSTtnfnsswfennfnemf L I I N ? . m s m n N S F W ( J J L J n. n. J U L I I )
nn-nnnrtt nf<Rns * fftnten f f ^ njf^nn, ntAtnt <iit nwntn Atew tAtess^ywawtcn C N F ^ sten i 'wtntn mm ^ N F W N S nsfcwn
nmtaimnifnw<iit nw atwt n>t<stcA't, 'wtntn c w wtet nsn msAtRss S F N S F f W îint c^twtes W ^^Htnens smmfsss c ^
n^-ff ncA limt tAt wtcnn Snn fnnfn nc51 nr^ffn^ cgeSr fstm I nsfnmnn m m'Rmcgn nfsisis wtn-tnfn-'wTm^
afwress cnffnss nnntn^ (nrtnfnmn, fn^^twr, fnwtmn * msAffsns m w f w B s w i n ^ wm i wtn-nt*ntfnnf (nimtft^'n-'Sfn)
;nft^wT)-n atnent m fnmeAn; <r5itss (stoic) * nnr- N S ^ Sim wtfnm ifnics ffwma, ntA^j w<ffw * ntwffw tms
t n n t f ffêssm
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Contents
ftfct? ( f t f t ) ^ t f w f cft?Rt? f o t c r o
cro R T ?
^tir?tr m ? m^ t w i w TOf ftuff R>s3w
i <)fitf%sjcTOfj I ffwci? tft f S 5 rot ?t?lf?=t ii? ffcft f t i c f f f c t B T O tetr
f f t r o m w , few f f e f 'TOWftf' t f f ? f R t W ? ffffj wtw ^ I i l t wftt f f t s ^ rotstfw i i f r o f f f ? w ^ t c t
f W t T O WW, t t t r f TOTO rof ?tîc? I w:^ w:^ 'WTOf t l f t f ? fffttww 'wiwct f f t f ^ WWfet/i(?ff r f ? Cfct? f f f
(ffwWsWW WW)-il? TOtf W t i f - m RWff [?tlW ?tc fbftt t f f : . i l f t t ftfs ft? wffw? f f f W f i R I 'wtf
t t w w 2f#i ^ w ftwr? I ftif ftwwft-wi^lwft (wfb? w t ? - t i f f i f (f. w ? f t feiVcffttft-Wb i ( j - o i ) - i i ? wtftrtc
W t - W W t f f 5 f ?ftw aff tftfW WR rof T f ) W f w t f t f w t t f ? i l f f t t l R ^ ffcfffftC i l t ttRTTS (Ctftffjft)

( i i w w t t f ) w ? T f t f w t C w w f ) - i i t tetr w f w rof c f f t f f f l R tftct]t f f f f rot ttîc? I f5ftt tftc?
^tro? I tro* w t fwft '^tro?, TO'ft? W W R w w t f R f f f w t w ? w f f % f wfffc t f f ? , Rcftfft i l f t t
( t t t TO*^) i l f f t W f W W ( C a n o n - f t p f T ) m i "wfttf ffwt' I i i f t t t w w w w f f f wrtct? t ? w w t w f w c f wft?f
ftwt w w t T f t f f t RisFtw ftwt I w w t w c a ? wtwffbTO fttt atWt w i t ? tttc ffft t r o t f t W t t w Wffttt cttt f f t t f i t
t r o f R f t ? t r o t c t j ?t??fc? I
^ t f w ? affft t ? w w ? R W t r o R W f I W W w ; ^ wffwffiro
Wt?R1ttW^-f i f (^"Jô tiff?, io?(?/i(?(??- C?!f?lft-Wb,
ftwwf W R f t f t W T O f s W f t j f W W W=W TOt T t wwt ,
i'jsii) wftff 'wtwct? wttjt fffwc?? 1 Wtt-'W?ff W f t - f t f
W T O t W W 'wtwt tfttw wftft I t w T t t t ^ i l t t ? w ? t
fffR f f t W W t ( W W f r ^ w f t t^rotR? sf^ ÎWIMI f T O
-(53 W<3?tt, 81rlr-i8 W f 't?-?tf, io(tiJi8 RC^, iCfW-i:!,
^5Wt, 'wff' W ' W t f f W a ' W # 3 f W t C f WfCWt?

3T5r?f t t t f t f
il38?)
f t t f T f t f R f T O WW W T O t W t t WTf "wtt
Ct?, i l t R f W CW? t t t t f CwftR) W t w c t f t r o t j R ?tc
W t T O rot T I ) I
t>|??wt,??i'wrot CWf''^c t>| i t t t c ? i i t i c t t w w
W t t - t T W f , ftlTO f f t w f r o W?W'2}i:f ftwt t ^ f R t t t f w t w ? (wfWwt) R?wr W f T O t f ? i l t W W C f t f ?
fftc "wtttt <3 t r o t i t b t w R t t - f t W t W a w t rof w t T s
ttww w t w c f t t t r o f c r o I ftR ft^ftiR t i w f ? t w t w fftc ?? 1 fR f W? i l t f t ? , t t w WWt3Ct? W?ft? f t
tftiw t w row 8 W f f f w w t f t i f t f , f i R w. c f R f f f f ^ ??, tffc?ict? f t t f w I w f ? i f w w W f W , WW f t t
f W c t l R i i t i 'wtttt w f t w wt? i t s f t i ? t t f t t ^ T O I w t t c r o f f i R i c f ??tt w f f w f t w fffwc?? ^ fff% f w t
stff it 8 ( i ) W f t l R - t f t , W?C?t i.08? ft., ^. Ife; (?) ftfttC?, tw f ? 1 T O t w Wt?Rft W t n w ( i ( f ? t T O W , fefefe-o
Wf?-t?RtWfR-WfR?Tt, f f t w t i.O(?o/ifevS8, ->[. oy, ( o ) W?Rf ^ f W W t - t t W , ioHiJl ^fWt, i(J-fei-?8 Wffttft il3l3?)-il?
t f t f t - f t , W W W i^(tO ft., i t . , i o o ; ( 8 ) t w ? T ? t - i l ? ?5TOftttff I
t f W t The Treatises of Kalam-il? WfR-wttW- ^s?tt- iif/iif f W f ? f f f w c f 'Wt?f?-TO'TO W t t - f t f (il
W f ? f t t WtTt? g t W I iÊttTOf-ttW, io8o-il3ÊtttlR-tW iofe(?/?i Wffttft il30i-?o
L. Gardet (E.I.^) / ^pfît t f ? f ^ ? f i i R t , iisfec?) w f t - ' w f t i f R - w f W t f '^trot wcw f c ? f f

o I 'wfWR 8 t f r o t i s m t f f f t j t f t I Wftc?? t w t t w w ffft R l f ? f t f t t f l C t ? I i t S T t ^ , t t r o f t t C ^ f f t t t W W
W f t f ffwe?? t t t r t t t w w f f t afctcf 2fR t t ? w f t f f o ?t??tc?, t t f w t t f f c f i t TO f T O f t f t t c ? I ' w r o t wrrt'
^tttc? I t f f t r o w t r t w f ? WW t ? c w Rcft^ft f c t t t - t f t T O C w w t - f f W f ) , f f c f t f t f w t R f t t s f ? wrft ?t?f f t f ?
?Ttft ftftfC? ( i f e i l L. Milleot f f C t t w w ff?at f ^ wtfttf f r o t f ? t f % f t f w ^ c t t T ? ff?tB wf f t r
?ilttic?ilt? i l f f t 'wrttt wfffwc?? w ê) i ?ft?tc? I t T fftf^ w t t t w f ? t c t ? ?rtftw w f ' ^ w r t - f f w f
wrwfRttc, t f f w t t t w t c ^ , ' r o f w ? t f ' w f t t t ( f . iO'JjVi'btf?) Wf? f1a>S3 ? T R t t i f > 8 ? ^ f f ftw f ? t
rot? WW c t t w w t f r o w R ? t c w R t w R W rot tfwc? i f c ? ? 1 i l t f f a ^ ? T R t t f t f c t c f ? w e t f W R w r ? cfcg?
' C t t f f f W ' (?t?ftf), "WTO' (ffWâW) i l t t R f f f f ' f t Rlf?tt., f w w , f f w ' , f f c f t f f f w T f 8 ? ^ - i l ? t

w f t w s t t ? F|Wte^ w wttjttfif w t e w t t f ?tîl?iwr rot
(ft<3Wf?)-ii? R i R ^ w c ? ? tetr w f t ? f f w ? w ^5tft2tn:R
fr?fft w I
w f f t t ?tt?fC? I t w 'WRW ( f . Ir?fe/i8?'b)-il? f ? W W t f
tTt ( w T w f t w ) , f f r o ' (wtT"ftt) w t w ' f f f t r w '
i l f t t t i R ^ 2ttf i t fitt<f? w i f f c w t^ctff rot ?ttfc? I
( W ^ w t f t ) f R ffc?f?Tct ferf f f w t f t f r o f f t R t e t ?
t?cwc ( c t t f w f f f ? w?ff rot tffsc?? ? i t w t t tfttff ^ )
W f W f t s r o t f cw? cw? R t ? R i c w t t f f t w c ? ? i t s c t ?
tro ttWS t t f W f t - ^ C Wtttft f i t I
RWCWbTO W W ? 'Q f t R t 2f^ t w t ? TOt f i t t r s t t f t w t t w
ttwf ftfCftt
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Contents
'mm 8AJ 'mm
S ^ n s e n ; ( i A ) wtAnm tnn tntAtm wtn-*ntnttft^ ( f .

ntffe lilt f n m?cts n w ^^Rtt c w i {>A8/i(?ov-s.)-n 5txtn#, fnnm ntn^ wttn ff^cmcnn ntnsn^;
ntm mttcvsjn njnmlnss fnj >s matntltssmn Rnnmcn ( i ) w t n - ^ wtn-fnwtR men wfwftw fAimn (vo(?-s.ii/
f^ stm tScmfn mfaw t m w 'tt wttn b o f w n nmn^ i8N5A-i(?AA); 'wt^ tnn A I S R ( f . 5>iff/i<t8c); tntAtm
ftmcn fncn^m ^^fncw wtslft i m. fnfin? ( L . iviilliot) n^wf wTn-ntnmw ( f . i o o V i f f S i v ) , 'wtnfn-^tfnn wtn-^^prf
uat ncnnnrffr^ RssHJ f f n f t ftfwcw cnt w t Atmcii (ioo<^-ioS,i/ i(?j9b--itolro); f A l W fSntat ( i o S A - i i /
n n c w t % mm 'mtntmiss m?- w w n^t-fen lansf? mH^ i t o A - i 1 A o ) ; f A l W Win-mwt^ (f. i i S . / i 1 A t o - l ) ; ' W t ^
mtmen nfntw n^cn i xt% atmn w m atcntwn ^ c n nstf (nstft) tnn 'fm w t n - w t n r f ( i A t , i v t t w r f t ) ; w t n - n t A f
st#iw atstn nwmn Scmm ^^fnm TSS m mRspf nw ^t^n '^fnc wtn-*ninntf (iAtoto-i8Vib8s.-is.A-s) i f w n fn'mn-iiin
mfncwn I wtmn ^mwt wnttj tw ^ 'JnfttT m\ fntnw, c^nn smnwt, nRtttsen s ( i s ) fn^fnf^tw nrf^cnn n M t n ^ s f m
mnfnns * mRsFf njtmcn mm mm Sncmf i at^wtc^ wtn-fS5wtm, f A i m n t s n mRmm-ntsf ( f . ioir(?/itoi8-(?),
'*i|iiin nnnw m^ mnnf wttn i f f ? tm nwntn n t a ^ w t A W wtn-'wtnsrf (f. ii(?A'iiS'-8o), w t A W wtn-ntnfft
nmcntFntn Stn fnwn n^cn mi cn c w f ^ atwjt^ ^ c w ( f . i i / i i A o - A i ) ; (i(2-) L. iviilliot n f a f t n 'wrmn t t
men I wttf^ tm i^fwmfn^tetn fnn? fnetn ?p^ff fnnn i tm w t t n nfnm Scat mm, Demembrements du habous,
wtmctine^ mntntw ^ t f t f w t t .mm Sctnt ^^fnm t t e ^ cnt nn tJtfnn iSsAv''^., f . A N S - O , fnfwnnrfn nrttirnA 'wtmens ias#
wtjtw ntntn n n e ^ i e n ^ wtten S ^ n t c f n ^ f n%i Wfcsêns Wfsm, f . io>>-ix ( i ^ ) iS' cnt^, Recueil de
tfnentnn^cn i jurisprudence cheriflenne, tTtfsn iSiAo-Aô tea,
ar^t# % Dogmatic theory of jurisprudence s ( i ) ^|fnw 8< tRcB^n sf2R; (i<^) cnt^. La conception de
W t ^ , wtn-tA'W f t wtnftfnn-nstwt'sm ' w t R n - W W , AAn I'Etat dt de lordre legal dans I'islam, tltRn iSsSS.
; ( A ) t^nnstn^m, wtnfmm, fnnn nt. i o o ^ f t . , i t . , 8<?-v i f . toSS-SI; ( i b ) Recueil de jurisprudence
fnnft#n njnmn twfw <s fnfwf ntntenn nentmenn nftw ^ ^ R t n cheriflenne (tTlfsn iS.<tA, v-xix) mnss s j e ^ 8< tean
wm; () J. Schacht, The origins of tVIuhammadan f t n e ^ L. ]Viilliot-<an nwntenn n n t # n s msnten^t fnftnw
Jurisprudence, W W F t w ihdo f., f. i5>o t.; (8) AtSlCA I
cnt^, Esquise dune histoire du droit musulman, 'wtmenn nnewn%s nwntenn w m s (is.) wtA'ntn t s n
titfnn i^>(^s <\o 1.1 fnfnn ctcn Rmn n t a ^ ntftm s (a) 'wrsfn-'wrfn wtn-ftntft ( f . i i i ( ? / i i t o i ) , f s ^ - n t n i n ,
Gonzalex Palencia, Historia de la literature fnettm^, CFn iooS> R fasc, l-fasc. At., to; ( A o ) wtn-ntAf
arabigoespanola, nt@n ii>8(t %, % A b o i nscwfW win-Nsnisnif, ntfnmm mf^, w e m ios! R,[. ^vso-ob-;
'wtmcnn atcmt n t a ^ ffmenn w m s (is) ntwtft, - t t v ^ ^ - w ^ ( A i ) 'a' cnt^, tm^'n-'wtntR'n-mt^, Rettm^, cw, wt.R.
m?pn-m'fn nt., w t . fn. <?t., o-8o n n e ^ 'wtmcnn tf^menn At., A A - A i ; ( A A ) f A i m n wtn-s='tR51, n t n ^ - t w *ntn-
wm s (H) mwwtf, wtn-ffwm-ntf, CFn wt. 1n., st., A A ^ %; ^nntn ' w t w ^mt wtn-'wtmn fmr-nifR ttfwmmn Aimn,
Wf. J. Berque, Essai sur la methode juridique a t n n t m n ^ w f f t f f s , iNsob R , % i - i o , i < H - A o ; ( A ) Wîtn
maghrebine, iS.88 % i A o i Wttn njnntess fnnntft w t n - A i ^ l f , wtn-ffnmm-mf, cw, wt. 9s., s t . , AAS* t . , w f .
n w f n w f A i m n tsn "wtnt^tAs ctn c ^ w m s (V) .'wtnstn J. Berque, Essai, f . iAto-AS>; (AS) ' W * 's^. ^, % too
tsn tsstttn, fntn, i>o(?v f t . , ( ? t . , ' i A 1.1 'wtntenn Stn 1.1
atstn af^fsft ? (s>) ntwt^; ntfnmt, "Smn wtn-ntfn njttjtnA, J. Berque (E.L^)/fAtmn Rint^ A f
fncttmn', csm i^sotoft., fnntntsn ' w t ^ ^ ^ f n ' S f ^ n A W f s m 8 I 'Nsiivln s wif atn, w f t n mt w < f f w n we< fnnenn
L . iviilliot f n f ^ f t n ^ , wrtmm i5Ai ^.; ( i o ) 'wtnfs- 1ntftwtf cntwm wcnss nttm?m nrtttcs tAt wtemfsw AS,
niAmn tsn 'wtnfnn-^Tfnn wtn-'^Ftf, wtn 'wtntfn-nt^, (?sm t w t m (wiwt), f t i n t m ( w t m ffntn, fnfam w t % t t f t ) ,
fnfwtiiifs mttjtnA, Rtemmns, c w , A S nt. w t . fn. limt w * fm|\o * fstm'wt ( f R nstcw wt%ftft); (g. <atnnsnatn^),tm.
^ f ? n t ^ t iAS>v R. i o i i R; ( i i ) Rfifnnt^ Rntit, c w n^tw m n t t n n nsnrs f W (fnmw, wfwattenn fntftw) i
"wtngn-fwrn^-; fnetttt^, csm iifeto f t . (?) f ^ nt. fwSfnn' f w m t f f f t (s.)-s 'wt5itfn-m*n 'omn-nmm (atfwfnn * ntfSicw
iAJo f t . ; fnm n t a ^ nmctnt mmntwten nrnAw ntf^nm cn nn W n t t n n W c w Brockelmann ^t., is>o nt
t n n t f ffjiessm
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800 Wlt-Wt1*t wtf f^tWi
iivs) mi fwt t t f ^ f T T O W f t - t W t W f ? Wffit W W ftfttc??, iittff ffWft (Odenathus) o c t c W f f W

'wrsnfp-wo-xr o w t - w t w - a w t - t t f ' - a w f - ^ i f o w t - w w (Zen.obia)-? f f f f f t ( P a l m y r e n e - ( ^ _ ^ A 3 ) RtfTCWJ?
(alfwffR wR, Rt?, W R tlWR? rofn rosf), f f W % f ? '^f'S " W l R f f f D i ? t f t R ^ f W ttttt? i
Brockelmann, S. 1 ' J . Hha t l , m i Wtt-'WtWt Noldeke f f t W f S f t ? f t f f f f t t t ? ? , W t t ? t t ? W - f t t f W
fwt-ftwt (9ms W f W f w t ) W W w f ? ( f . Goldziher, w f i l t R t w t f ? ? t t ? C f H I^ftrfff ff% t t t I
Vorlesungen, 8 e , vorlesunger2, 8 i ) 1 F F F I T ? ( I ) t f t f t f t t , f w (Wustenfeld), (t; (?)

.WWWtf t l w t (E.1.2)/fÎRt tttr^ ?f W1-fwH, T t t t f t f f io8VIFE?ty, ?fe f . 8 f t ^SiT^ft (Amalric or Amury) s
('b) i f e t . , fe8; ( 1 ) t l t ' ^ f , f ? W , ? f . , ?!o; ( b - ) o t . ,
( W f t t t t W t Wtftt?ftWWtWRroF!?t?Wt I i t W t W t f t f , Wtf.
FEI-io8, ?LO, ? H o f . ; (fe) f f w t ^ (1. Eisenberg),
iioi-<t8 WSffWt ii'Jj?-t8 f I ttttw? f t t t t t t ? W t t s
102,144 f . ? 8 i ; ( i o ) W ' W f , W t t t t f R - W W f f R R , t t t t W
ffffct? ttft FWTF t t t c ? ? W t c f t f W t t f f t c T I I ? ? ioio/IFEFFI, -jj?, b r ? , A useful resume of most of
W f W W ? f (^. i ? o < f ^5.) i t WfWtt?Cf? O S f l t t f t l f t W C ? W C f
legends in causson de Perceval, Essaisur
t??t?ft?WttlTttWfC?t ( i i f e t f ) itftfwfCtt (ii!8
I'histoire des Arabes, fTtt?R i V 8 i f . , f f f t , (g.)
%) f w ? WW w t f t t wwttl w? f f t ? w t - m f f j ? t? ' W t W t f f t ; ( I I ) Th. Noldeke, Uber die Amalekiter,
t f t f f t t ? ?fW T t I Orient und Occident, ? t . , biS f . , (^ffWt? f f t
W l W ftfCftt, i t , ? o o Gottingen 1864 -^.y, ( I ? ) D. Sidersky, Les
* l l * l l < ^ (5.tf?t) Origines des Legendes Musulmanes dans le
coran et dans la vie des Prophetes, 1933 '^f.,
*wini^<f fT 'wrt^nfwfsf ( / <ijL.^) s FFI-o; ( i o ) G. Wiet L' Egypte de Murtadi, t U t f t IFE<M
W t t t c t f I R o Amaleikltes, w t W f w t i f t f t 1 f R W R % , ??-?'Jj I
W f c f twtt? Cff? f ^ t W f f t f t t ^ i)t f f f ? t f W ? f t f t f t G. Vijda ( E . L 2 ) / f ? t ^ f t t ? t i g p i ^
w t t c w ? I ^ t f r W t t t t t ? Genesis t f t W W t t t f R S
WNW--FT'>FH ^ ^ - M W (. J_,l ^ .VI)
t i f w t t w W f t f t ( f t - w t ? w f t t w t t w t f f t - m wtjtt) W t f W t W t t f t ff??H Wf?CfSt f t f I WJA'^fe-B-O Rt?, WfT
(Shem) Wtw W t ( H a m t - m t i t f t f o WtW f f s ^sttft? 1 tt i o f?1??lt, -{ji/io Wfttf??, ^bVi Rt? fwft W?lf?t f t ? ? I
W T W t f t t f t f t t ? i^^L^ W CffttWt) ftttWtttftt? f R f w ? ffw f?t t ? f f I f f f f f t t t f t w t t t t t ftft? m i
t t t f t ? (^-......J^Balaam t t ? t ^ f t t ? t f WWtSj f c t t f b w RSt w f tt-WtO'SWt i8V/Ct Hb<t RC? f ? t ? f f l ?? I f f f
f c ? ) fffw Wtt?, 1 f ? ' w i w WWTT? ? i f t ? I W f t t t t f cf?ltff tttt f ? f WfttR tft Wftff ( ? ) - m f f f t ^ t c ? t f ? R ^
f f f - t t w t 'Wf?T?? t t w T t t t t t W f c t ? C t f W t t t ? wftft ?sC?f I ff5-?tWt-il f w ? fttfRS f?tt? fWtfTt, Wtt-Wf^,
W T t t ? C ^ W t t (^,,U), w f t , ( o - e - i ^ - ) ^ ( J J - ^ ) ?t?Rt tft W ? ? t ? 'S 'Wtftw I Wt? Tttw f?Ct? f T ? ffw I
t f t Wt?f W t t W f f t t f S f t i t t f t ? ? WWf^ f?t T f I | f (Wt)- t f f f f W w i - i i t f ? W R t t ( w ) t ? t f w ( w ) - m f i t fwtw?
m tt?f?tW ttwtt ?t?lR?#o; f f f t ? f ? f ^ T f C?,WC?R W f W f <3'5fff f i f ? W f t t f f f ^ fict? I
f T ? m t ? f WWCT? f ? f t t f f b t ? ft?Wt?? I TI? t t W % T f f f 'Wff ( W ) - m f ? R ^ t l c t ? I f f t WtR-Rttfjft-
( w ) - m f t w f , WWtf t w f f W t t i i i f l i , m s w ? w t w f f ^ t w f (g.) t ^ f f f t ? ' R W C ? C? fftwww ?^ fttt, tT?
t i f w f?Ct? I t t f ^ f wttt W T t t t t f tfiltt? f f t f Rt?t W ? I wfItwtftff1tlfttfttR???t?fC???tfW *tt?tf f t t T f I
f w f ' w t t f f . l i i ^ J f l f t f ? Jus primae noctis ( f t t W t m F F F f t i ( i ) t f ? f t ? f , W w t f t f , ft?t?t ioffo/ ifeo8, %
w c f w f ^ f t ? w f t f f ? ) RiapfW C W f f t f t f ? Rtt R l f ^ I t f ? i 8 , ? o o , ?ofe; (?) t f f R - W f W f , f ?W, f f f t ; ( o ) Wft-
fsw ( ^ ^ ) Cwt) W W C t ? f w ^ f w ff?wt?t I twiftt? RTQtftf, wt?f^, -sj. w ; ( 8 ) tf? W f f tttt, t f t l t t f , fei;
(tfttg) W f f w e f t t t ? ? fff w t w f f t t ? ft*flw ft??f? W W (a) A. Jeffery. Materials, W t t E ? i f e o i J. o i 8 . ; (<b)
f r t t ( f - i j j ) w i c i c f fft^tft f e w ? w i j S f f f t tffw ?stf, R. Blachere, Introduction au Coran, ' J . i ? o , i ? i 1
t f f a itt f W R^ftC? R f t TI ttt I T l ? R t t t (wt)- W T c t ? C. Brockelmaim [Ch. Pellat]
ftftw fW ftfttc?? I t w w w c 'WtWffCt? ?R1? t t f t f (E.1.2)/f?|Rt twft t f f
t t w f ftftfft
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f l i i ^ tAS, a i m mettîw m\ f f f nitjns f|n wtnenfn i attn fntfcwn n n n

mtntcwiRmm wtmtn m f w t t tAcss mm mtntfnnte^* wen^
^mwvs nnt Atst itc^) ftcs w s R w i S^ n f * cwan fntenn n^fn'^c An i ifeici-men â^fA^wf^ssieatAcss
wwH-nfn sm^mn S i R o R t w n R w i ivs^ RwiRiUis f < wst wf^f An I
l i i ^ csnm% >3Aits> nm^n srosn nftw f ^ <>fs?iHA i nfg<jt mtmfnnm attffn mn^ n t c f cs fnnnt wtntenn ^ t w
tAsf?s S ^ mR tw fn?m I tm m^ afwct? mwsif AtsicA, ^ m SJtem (Strabo) nsw^ nRfw f%fn attn twt^s
ifint NI^ ns.ft< ^ n m Îwm nfwm SfSsicA i csetn tAsi^n w n ^ fnetnwten Scatemtj i wtms n<m wfnten
fsm^-mft int mts mm nfiw Sê nnwn st^sms wfns wmtRmm nnfw f?ff? tncvsn ^jsm wsRw fln i tms % fnm
nmwten fs-nf%w ff|^ ifjt Snwrmf? S^-nf^n sit i n f s Iris (afiStn csctn *fsH4) n f amtft -st i lat f ^ Atew ftf^
ffs cfnm tms mis mfs tnjcâ i mR-msn m\ mR "Siitsi cn*ntn ntftn ^tm n f tn ff|w m\ iris n f n mn f m fnm
nssn tnjmai mfn 1 n ^ ssm AS I wimfnms. np^sff msisens tAsfSe^ fsRm cFfnntfm I
stlffw^ ns^wts fsetnmes fsf^ w i (S^Rtss s ^ fs ^rcm tAcsn t r ^ i t w m s * n<Ri fnrncAn i wtms n ^
f s ^ nfcsfs nmcsTA, cstmtn wntnj JA f n f ^ AtsicA; W f n t e s lat nssn wtsn n f n win ftcn wnf^ A*m wtfsmn i
mfsRts> SAIS ^ ftr^n?} fiAi? sriftess nrm nmsmn i i^t ^ iwi? en^ mm tAsf? nntnR tt#sff wtsenn nfAo ntemt ^ t n
me<s ntm nf^n fnw msfit nfs.wm ^ cn sinnn'^ s>RsteA I wtn m^ en^ ffn wRn igtm-*tm ff|w f|n i f n
nftmcA, mms fnm'^ ainn fnc^ wcf^mfw nsn f n , Smtss nsn tAcsn ât e^tettfnns wn^ nmft tn nwmn fln i essnm
f A - t WAin' nm AS limt f n f * g|snn ^fncss f A - t <^fAiRw> afsrttifn mm* tAit arffsmn AS I ff^mn tn mnm
g^mn' nm AS I S ^ fncss (nfn mn ^ ) niAt^ sim m^ <iint went, nftfm^me^ âtn wm cn*ntenn wwjcn fiiisw mtm
cntmcn Atn s|jfe.*fcA^ cntnwts m<prs mpffw mnn -SRSICA I cssm atemwn ntt i ntm A ^ , n f n rnn ftness wfnwn w f f n
liinicn ntntiAPrn nsns nRnicA mt mmcsn '^^m wtmfnmn stifn nfnm sm AS <imt wtm wnnnfw g^w siftoc ttc^ i wnsnfw
f < wnf|w I cnrnnnsm fptn ^ * tmsw m*fcn ^-nsramcns ,cn*ntenn mftes n ^ tn ^^ttm t f ^ enetn fsntew Swn
^mftf ncn f c f i mmnn n<Ri mfntf W A t n c ^ wimRimn nsjmtmf cmp nttit* ffw tm i
siMtm nRim ncn nsm AS i cmcssm nfnm ntcss, ^ s H f n f n wt*Rrm csenf n ^ twrfew wtmfnnm cn w n ^ nfm
nfwtn cntfnc^fftn fcn WAin ttATsstf^msfsmatntA'?^ fnntcAn, Sm wfsiswn^wicn Strabo-^n n ^ nftw fnfnm
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mt*1nm cscnf n ^ twt%w âttcn mttnn s^RsifAct-i i n f n ftn tn f s ^ cn*ntcnn* Scat SSRSICA*! i fwR tm^s mRt
1wR fnf^ftc^n, mtntRim m^ nw tAs ns^ tAcn sirf? fnRin ^Rntcfn, fcfs wwjsx te^ fwnf? nnwt fln i lat n ^ ntnn
nsst * tibf? '^^m nsft sttsicA i wtm mwt % Afsfts fA. iotoof? mnt wtm mn, ^fit nnst twpfew* wtmfnnm cwnn c w
cmnstn, mcnns nnfwn, viiîsim, ntnw, n^ttm, nnttntm * Scatemti tfnnwn mfnw AS mt i A. Gabriel fnfStntcAn,
Atmnttm sftntcA i cnt nnn mtntfnntc^ wtmcmlnntn iwf? nsnw ^ wtnen ât tAsI?, Retnw S w rnnff-iiin ntwtt
Scatwftj wtn wrs c ^ ^ t t t i nsm ^ I c^nm <fitttcn atfw m^ R ^ ^ tf^slflt I wtmn wf^nw, S^mtf t m t t ^
fctnscsnsBR *mfnn * f"ftn wtntn fln i nstfwn C5cnf fwAHfm nssn wspcnn nAatsRrs ctl?tt^ nsesn i
ajc^Rrf^mtc^, wimRisi nicns nttntnsict mttjtfnw ^ i wmtm montcn tAcsn S ^ t t (csctn fsntesm ntn ffen) cnt
sfc^ 't'tliiifn^ns' fnw njf^cnn tAs' (ntfrn^-^-ntm) nRim tlAiesn fntfw fnesss âssf? n?.ft4 îcn wnf|w i wtm t t f nsnn
S t i t nsnt AtsiCA (Banse-Nan n'fntfntcn wtntfnntc^ * fc'ln -^fifbA nftnteA i t^^tcsn wtsm, fnSRRititfnf^n wffn
'^^nst^-wtmrtn mm i ^nfntt twrffcw tAsf? * n^-nn* wtm sftsicA i ff^ wtmfnnm cn wtt mn (nf^t)
ntnfn-#ntn-ttnfw-.iin fA. mwtcn mfelRti^ wtmn-atntcnn - ffcn wnf^, Sm wfsnswn att * f n ^ i fA-t nsisAtcis R^wict
Scgtcmtj cssg fln I ttfn fnt^cnn mmen ntm 'Fnfn * fmffwn fnfw nftnieA i n t m ^ * 'S^ntf wtnenn ^ t w i ftf^
at^ tRmt fnl^'Fncnn m n f s t n i tAcsnf%wcn * tp^ft m ^ Si^ (iimssm ntwm * wcnss wfsswnssff attntn sftnicA, ff?
sttmw cstn c t t w mn ^ i mimfnntn fsfw^ atssis nnt? S^ wt3cnn nsjttet cn nssn attmn fln i 'fste^ w f ^ w a
'Zwf nsm 3 ^ I cnt nncn S ^ tAcsn *tf&t/&t Atwm mfnntfn Sm sstn ttm mn i ^tn tn cntfns cnstnw w t AS mt i
ncsr ( B a n s e - ' s r a new nttfsrt mwm) wfsnttt fln '^^ff mAte^ %ti!3n fne^ "tlw^ wR nRme^ i t^ccsn Swn wtetn nsr
t n n t f ffsemn
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fwr ( R t f t 4f?viif t f s R i f t I fbft c t f t w ? w?c*i? tcw Pontus iiWft? f f fftact? wtttc? cw? wfttr fwttft
tSJttt f t t t tsftltC? I 4^ CtfsR? WffWS.'ft iltt t t w W ^ W W t W l wt?tRC^WftfWRWW? i t f'ftltt (WWWtf,
WTRtf* CbC=lf? tffw wctt t f t f & W I 1 t - t f % C ! I t w ilt cwftf Wtt? f i t i t l t t w t c f f t ^ fffwc??) t f t f tftiW
Ctf^sftlt w t 8 ( i ) WWfR, (?) WW? f t ; ( o ) Wtro? (fit?); f ? ^ f t t W ? , Wtft? WftfWR f l f WtWlRtt W?C?tt ffttt
( 8 ) ^WW (Wftt WtCt t?fCts Reikis W Selkis tW ^ ) W t . fffwc?? I wwii? t w ftf% ct, iictttf f w r f ? ?5?
(a) f R ( f f w f w f , RTW' twiff) W t w f t w (f) I t ? t c t ? ffCf t w RtfffRtfWR? W t w f ? f i t I i o o i
tcw WRTO.' Ctftt WW Wtc?? tict? t f ? w t ?tW ftff, Raymond de Toulouse wtW?W W t f f f wffWC?? f?
R?W RttCfW f i f R I $fC?1 ( S t r a b o ) - ilt Ctfft? t c i f WlWftlW? ffcf wft? Wf;1f5f f f t t t ? t C f R^SR ftfw Cff?
?s%1c?t I WW Ctfssftt f t w W t ^ t f t l f WRtTsiCt? tftw (f. Hlstoiriens des Croisades, in Hist Grecs, i / ? ,
RWRw I Ii t.) I ftfw f f f ? W1?WW? f f f s W t f f t t f ilWtfsftlCf
wrttffw f t 2 wtc?? t t f ^ w t 3 t t w wiwcwttw? fftw? WCWr^ W W ^ fW? f t f f s WTftftiW W f f f W f
f f t l C f ? RlCWtWf WWtCt? ticf W t f f W I i f e o o <{. fttttftf^l
WtfT-f'SWT C?R wtttt tW ^tCt ilt R?C?? ' Q ? ^ W t ? ftii f f f w f f f ? W t ? t t W C ? ? f t t W f t W s P R S f t w f ? iift? fC2i?
tl? I i t C?t wtttt WlWttW? C t C f t "^tttf' t f ? f ? ??1?? t c t j ? f ^ ^tct ((fb-Wiife?) wifrffw f f w i f f t wtf? ftc?^
^PlW tfwc? i R l t w C? ftWCf f f W ? f f f Wt?t? t i f f f W 1 ^ W l C f tCf (tf? ff, Houtsma, Recuieil des textes
f f S f f f t f t t fitttttw I Seldjoukldes, 8 t . , (?) i t f s f f W ? W W f f t w ctf
i f e 8 o f S t C R ? W t t W W f W f W C ? W t w W? C?, C t t t t ? ?^fffR fWtW? ttw wt3t tfcw? f t t w f t W t f f c w ^ fffct
wtwftw R?c?? cwftitjt f?t io,io? w? I t?tw? tcw ftwtgf?wi?e?ftc??ifffBitcwlwffW'Qf??tt?t ct? i w i t -
W f t t t C t ? R l t T t f?t W3t t T b R W I Wt?tW f f f W W W t f f?t W I ftwreft? t f R W f t t f f?g1t 'wiwtf? f ^ . ' f " t f f f t f ?t?iitl.'=i
i iift f t t t ? wrttffW OSiW? C W f R s t T t f i t b'b,boo W? i ifeoo ( f t ? r t - f f t , j. i(?) I tstw CfR ffffcw? t? f t f t f i t
Wiwffw f C t C t ? C W f t l t T t (WW? W t t w t f i t (t(t(to tf wffw ?t?lf|1 I f f s f i l t tftt? t w j W f t t c t C f R ftffw
t f C W t f t t ? ) f i t i,?b-,iiO W? I ffttfttf? t t w s , W?Itt? W (Le strange. The Lands of
Besim Darkot (W.W.t. E.I.)/ the Eastern Caliphate, {. iSb) i ftfwt C S C t f C f t ^
il. iR. ilt. tl?ff) ? T n ? f i t S t i | W ^ f f f f W C ? ? , ' W t R l t f t f f t t c t w t w fffwtlct? (fw?tt
fW, j. 'b?c) 11^ ftwic?? f t t w t c t t f??1tcf w^wtfff

wtwtRW? tf^WR 8 wrtttftt f?c?? ilt ffcft Wtit f t f ?
Wt3!t?(2ftfct? i l f W ? ctw C??CfCf R ? l f ^ f w ? t f t f f ^ f fW?
WR ?tCt W f f f W W ? f t ? Wttfcwc? I RItftcW CWttit
f ? f Tl ^ f ? f f , 8 f . , i f e i t.) I
tfttw? R t f f w T?! w t I ilt ftWftt? ffcft w t f t f Wf f i t wtwcwifRw? c t m w t t ffwflw ?w? f ? wrtttRW
tttw iific? f f ftffw ?ttifti I iitww t w ffWRctftr f t f t ??Htt wrtrcwttRw? ilftt ftr? cfg?ict ttr Ttcw ttcf i
wffttfRtt i t tlWCft ?Rfw f t t t tsffWfIt I t w t f t ^ wfw t H g f CH? t w t fttct bfft fwtf? ftwcf WtttCWftW? t f f t ^
ftft? w c t t ilt f??ft? fwf% ftffw ?ttlt|=1 I f??tt c w ^ twfc?? W t t wwt?w ttcf I itf t t ? wrttffw wrsff?
P o n t u s - i l ? WW?T?cf? f i t ? Ctsg f i t I tc? ilftt c?1tf w t t f ? Wf (Cft WWff ftwr? f f ' t i f f ? f f f f wf^ct?
fcticf? tiwtifc tfttw ??f I c^t ffsi t?f t f f cfg?ict ttr f 3 l ) - i ! ? fiRWfc? WtCt I 1 8 ? / i 0 8 i RtCt t ? l ? t t ? W f t - t t f ?
f i t I R ^ f w t f ^tcw f f w t t f s t?t A r m e n i a k o n Wt? f t f f e T l ; ftsf W?IWR fC?t f WCt? f t t f itC?W?1?
(tmwtf? RtgitWJ? i i f t W t t f f f c t f wft, Thema)-i|? (Eretna) tW wffft? f C ? ? i t T ? f f f f H f ? W t f ? T t ^
W t t f f f f f i C t f t J ^tcw f t C f (g. Studia Pontica. o f . , f t t c t t f (Wtf? t?? wt?wf? wrtwwwf, t t t t w wtt,
i i ? J.) I i t Rtt tglt Wlt%tfW? wiwffw? R?f? tW?lR f W f t t ? Turkiyat Enst., {. i o o f . , i o i - i 8 o ) i t f 5 ? C f
Ct?1twfC?? (Procopius, De aedif, 3t., 1 ) i l i ? ^fCR i l C t W W ? t t f ' W t f C ? C f ? f ? R ^ t C W f ^ f C t t I i l C ? W W ?
WtWtfW WWCt? WW 'WttWR? w f t ^ t C f (Brooks, fffwc?? c t t f f f f f f ? TJfJ? f ? f t t C t t f f r ? ff3t W f t f
The Arabs in Asia Minor, JHS, 18 f., 193) i ffsf wi?iih ( f . f., ??e, ? o ( f t . ) - i i ? t c R wtwtfw wffftc??
W R ^ f C t ? WTSRCt? fC? t?t f5?tfc?? WW WttlfttCt? TSW^ fcig w f fptTffct? ffettt f T? I ilfft w w f t p w wt^g^wit
stttttt I fttct^rfa f i j -^tc^ w f fjaTff? f t w ? t n t f t trat fct? i-
t t w f ftfcro
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Contents
wnRrat
iissf? newt m t ^ nsm-^cn I ent ne^tncn ât ncn i&wcwr
cwnt WtAts 1nf5 amttw 'SAsrtf ntAtnj c^fttlc^fm twin c'ttmn C5tt w t '^cs, ^ WtR fnews men ntwttcs, wmenn
tncst p[t< w t n afAt ^tlnt ftn s f f w w C5tt nsfncwflcsR i Ttftw issi? nmnwn^ ^ mmnn ^îscs, cn c w fcnr wttn
'lSAllf fn^l-l t"=iRf lS i S i f ti mtf JSAtf'^CHS Atew tsfUfW mfnwt nnn ssfsen îin?. ât nms s^tw t^tfn ns<(>iess
stcn WttRinf ntst w i s tsests cntt ens i w t e n wtfnstA nAentf^tm m ^ n t ^ nsm. stem w t tiin n n w
wfsws twfn f\s<Ms An I W f s Pontus niAicv^s nr^nif tnf^^wien ên* ntAfnwftens W A w p R f t issicA i iît
tAS^tn w f s w w n ntt i wtwt fcws ns ntni%fc^ csfwtn nnn w n ntenn cn-^t-^litf stmn flenn w t w ^tRn nstntA
w t 'ên wfAts f a "^Tsrtn cscnft sfstn S f n ntntftn fttts ntA ntw ttm I WtAtn fnss? csfnestens mmen nmnw m * m
wtnttnnt nnttst ntn i cnt^ 'JnninttAf tffsnt cten f A l ^ sten fwfn s t w w n , sttcsr fnf^s^n wtetn w n nten >iinsi?
cronft wttnnt Atew mwt fnt * fwntens fw cntnnt ^team m # w tAts t s ^>sntcn âns? mmnt
w n I mnetes atnn fAiw ntnwmtwe^ nn #nn ntn s ^ wfffew ^cn I lat n w fnwsn iwi%e m^ n # n sttnn nsm
An I lilt n%nnstntA ntw ttrnn S I W liint WtAts n ^ * w ^
wtfnnt WtAtn ntesfjn ^tmnt^ An i
fln I ent meat f n w f F t nstntn ttm, ^'ntnn n t S w , 'wt^
%Anif mnntm?r f n w * WtAts fant lift tAcsn
affw tse^
f * n t n ttm * sfp'wtw cn S^ n%n m w w n (g. t t f
wtJtA a f W t w n I t^ftn fAimenn fai fgftn ntntftnes* tAts ^
fnwt?pt nstntn, fw^, w n s t m i5Ai, it., Ai; t., mtfn,
ntnns n m t -sten twin tAstUs s ^ wfnsswn ff% w n ,
nttjt Ato twTttn) I
ignntf f n w fntnntn w t ât tAcs w n ^ newn i s f n n
n5itnnte=tn mftn fw Busbecq-ess f n w <at "ticn ntffn wwj<nt nmf'^twj f f f ^ g mtntfnntn fn1%^ nstenn ^fwfs^ c#tcw
wtfn nsenn i ib-î -^m G. Perrat (Souvenirs d'un tt*mmnintnmAenn^fbi?fA.nntfsm>5t ttmcsn ttncnet
Voyage eu Asia IVIineure, % 8 o ) mtnttnnte^ wnf^ wnttT w n srtffn trnf^Nntet t t j w A S i liit nnsn
Wtewtinstn wêmw ntnnt Sean ÎSSICAH I ât -tAcss âooo îîbCAS mttn ntt * st^R cs% mtt wwnitstcA i sissies
:5)fnnrfn nem f^tnt^n ntmt fln f t ^Jwra i wtmm wittnf? mnntnenn RR^ tmnw, f M * t t n w cstoR m n i ^
sffwtten f * f ^ n t w ^ f n w i cneA^ mn>fênn mn-tiiw Atew mnntnenn f^ t % n^ntit t m , Wisstn cntR n^'fet fnf%^
mtminm f ^ t ^ - n t ^ f w n m^ cn>3 tin ânt nsnff nsten 'Smtft Atm f^tntcA I nsnw mm winwtn w t cntR fnf A t m
mAntmeiin w^tnien tRtw Atstfin, iitwm tms 'on^ w * f?tnteA mt. mnftt m n f wmtm tninw Rntet S I S A ststcA i
mfnwn ft% ftn i tAst? wtewtftmn stmn ^tbt? mi^fw^ ntwsftmens i^tmnctnsRess ttme^ st^snn mtsen (cnttcn
c^scgn wmwn ninm ftj i mtnttnm f n w tfitn fntn * f < mnf^) lassf? stt n c ^ mts cnm ntn i (wtffn^
fmmn stnn m%iin w n i ^ Amn nsen stnn stet stinw tin I nfnrn tnfnw) fcfs srtftenn Rm?t.(mt*Rm' CEênf ntmn
n*nt * cntvst twtftew wenss nrtfwmn mf^* wm^ Scat <pf5<iicî) liitn ts Rfjntn i ff? n f n ftn ntsnts f n ^
w n I wniesT Seanemm ntf^ flenn "îÂtfn* watA mmw, snftesn wtt m^^gtet tnf%^ f?rmcA i ttmcsn tf
w n ntntA AingatA mmw, fnnjtw m ^ f w j ^ wt# cn^, w f n f a sttftesn cn wtt f s ^ fln, Sms ff? ff? wtt latn ts cnf^
w f w , ntft csenf * nftm ^ tnAf (fnAsntA' n t ^ ) ; ttantntn i
wtftnenn nem f*ntinjnntmA "w^n-ntAW csenf, ennfn # . D w n WW wmtfnntn f'fl? sisnt^s, n t n i f * 'SAntf
' m t ^ wtcfpf, tbissenss mfn# mntA w t f ^ sfft i tm m?t ttncwt csintnw nsenn wen ctentwfn f n f ^ tmsmfns nttrt
wtffn-t wtmfnm aj^rp enn^ ^'mnn ^"nntf^ w t e w f * ffwn nsen f c ^ nttf? tfnnfww f?rmcA i wt*Rm c^cnf
^nte^ n t f t w - f t t n w Atsiflen't i cnn$t twrftew ntn f'fl? cnttntf|cnn, wtn t t 3 cmttffwg
tR)Ain stnesf tm Sean nsm wfinmn, wtftn mtcWR f ^ wn^t wcnss wtn t mant tmn < ^ nAn sttftn ws-îst
nsntn wm m^ n ^ f < n#n iJit "fAcst m^tnw Atsifin i W W tin I tAts wwjes wigttis, mn * wmmn msmn tin;
bj>/Ao i^n ViJiJ)-'as ntea fntwn mtntew fnf&x âssi? ff?fnfw^ n t w fnf<3 ^tm f^mtfln (RstAtwmA, At., ib-8) i
srtnten m^ 'JsW w # w A S I ât n w ^ f t ^ nifênn nem wensfcn littten l i t ^ wtfn nnRn fln liintmntfntnfnfnns^
flenn fmmnn nstntn ntm, m^ enf-ntfsf stntn ^ w n ntS'p tnfnw <<issf? ssenntrm tin i wmttmf?ess msss f t ' sm
cn, nsntw "wt^ f *ntn ftm, * w t w ntns'wtw en i ât mm ntn I wwgts t^nt twtftn ctnfne^ ffi? mf^fstet tffor^ A S I
nfff^rfwaFcn s^nvstici nstmenn <i]t sfW nn<n w cn, -fNsnten momen f*fl? ni;^ wsfs nRm ms A S I fc^fs wrcn f A t w
t n n t f ffdcsstn
t.tn.^<t<t
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808 witPrat
W t t f f f VcDo/iStrd ttwt ftW Stfwttt ItRo ?t?llf?"=1 I ffftw I t r e f t i t f t f t ? t t r n e t ? w?j i l f f t w t ? l t f t f i t m i
feiVJxtii ftwt W t r o f a f t w t f t f t f t c t f t w m f t t f w t wtttct? WtT twttt f ? l ?s^, f t f t T T W t f t t t , ft'^ ? w ? f t t r
t i w t f f w t 11wft w r o m^lt ^rsrarot, m i t roft? ^ f?^f f t t f i t I fftet tfftfffw wttro t i t m i f f
roitt t t f t t f w t I t f f i l t ttw t f i t w t w f l t ttf<s ?t?t t r o f t c f 'ctf=11? t t r o ' t t f ^ 1 ilt t t w f t t t t i l t t f t
f f s i r ? I t w t t c t wtTg c f t t i i f t t ttt%ft t f t t t c ? i i i t ttf?e?ftftffff i f f f t t ^ f t f ? f i t i t f f f t t i t t t ii8Vi'i8
t t t l f t f t c f Wtet f p t t f t r o ' t t t ?t I t t t w t t t tiiet,f' i ? 8 i/iv?ff ttet? w f t f c f f f f Sflt ^ tts I
f t t t t t e t ttttw I w t t t t t t csetft t t t t t ? l c f t ' t t r o t t t - t Wffttft, ifeofe f e t ? w ? ^ w f t f c w t t ? w - f f f f , Wfct
wttt"^ tttrrt t e g t f t f t t e w r ^ ' f t t f n t e t ? t ' k t (wttttttt tft? f t t f t f T t w t f f f t ft? t t t t e t ? wffttttt sît ^
w t f ft, it., ii^b t.) Wftte? t t l t f t fefefe/ifffeo-ifffei t t e t ? ro I t r ?ift fr:?? w t i t t i ttt?c? ftft f # ttff T S I
w t f f e w mv^m ? ? i wtro t?f "ioii/i-bo? t t e t ? wf^ftea Cffit 8 ( i ) wtttftr?rt f f f tfT fftff f f A.
wt^siww?? I t ? t f f f t e t t?t f t ^ f f f w ?? m i t r o tetr i i f t t Gabriel, Monuments tures d' Anatolie (?? f^ s
c&teftttftw? t f r o t i e t t t f ? t ? ? i ii8o/i'ioo-oi t t e t t?t wftttftt f f f - f ? t t ) , f j t f f t ifeo8 t - 1 t r e f f f t t f t f t
wtro wt^ftcQ w f w w ?? m i wtro f s ? ff??t ctttt ?5?t ? ? i
t f c f c f ? ff%c f f ftft^ feat tiettw? f f f f t e w i i i t t f t
i l t tt? t?te i l f f t
f i j t f f w ? t f r o t i c t t t f ? t ?? I t w t t c t ^ frog tll'Srf 't?v||f fffT ftf c t t R ^ttte?; (?) f f f t
t T ff?r<? w ? ^ ^ ftf?te51 t?wt? f t t f w t f t t t t t f ê ??ttfp5? t c t j Strabo, Geographic, i ? t . , o , o f e - m
wttt ro, t t f w t f t ff?ti;f? t f f ? fT?tt?i?-? f t t t T t e t t c g t f f ro I t f f t w f c w w e t f f f f f t w f wtttewtfttt t t
('5j08/i?0'l-^!i88/i?8'l t t C t ) f f t f w ?t?ltt|1 I t T t t t W t ftfttc?? m i i l t f?C?? W f f t ? ?f?t ffttc?? I f f S l M l t f si
t l t ? l t t tw??ieit ?T?T ^ I t T tii'^f f t t t t t e t ? i l f t t tetr t f w f ^ t t tcafe?ttT; ( ) wt'sfttf cectf, ffttTt Wtt?,
f t t f t ; f f f ? w f i e ? f?f<31 t r o tc5f i l f t t t t t f t c f t ( f ? ? t w ) f f t f r o Wt?Rtf WtWw, ? t . , ib-o f.; ( 8 ) Wtfff f f W ( f W .
?ft?te? I t f w t t t ? ? w f t ? w ? f t t f e ? t r o w f w eftRC?? Reinaud, Geographic d' Aboul-feda, ? t . , iobr); (a)
W f T O f ? t ro I t t r f t t ro, t t f t f t t t t f t t?t w t t i t f r o t f ? W ^ ( f W . Defremery,Voyages, ? t . , ?fe?); (b)
fw=ft t t t f f ? f f t w t ? f w f f t t f w ^ t t t f l t I ffttftttf ^ e fffw? cbCtf, f w T t f W , f ^?ff f.; fTWwT ?^?f?f? t e w (<t)
fttt ro, t t t f f f t <5y!}(t/i?-!3^!i-^!i'i t t e t ffftw I '5?viif f t t t t t e t ? W.J.Haton, Researches in Asia Minor.... t ^ ?
Ct t f t wtet ttftft ? w t t ? f t t t e ? , c t t f t ' 5 t t wtet ? i ? i f t ib-8? %; ( V ) H. Barth, Reise von Trapezuntnach
f t f (b-iViSofe), wtft' tt?t^ f t f (lr08/i80o), WtCt f t W t ? Scutari; (fe) Petermann's Mitteilungen
f t t t f f (b-S>i/i8tr'!>), Wtet f ? l R t t f t f t (Vfei/i8lr5s) >S t t f W t (Erganzungsheft), ib-'bo t - ; ( i o ) G. Perrot,
f t r o (Wttff wtfRw) I Souvenir d'un Voyage en Asie Mineure, ibr^8 t-;
i l t t f t t t i ? w ?tft w t t t t f r o i l f t t t t f f - f f f t (wte?tff f l f ? ? M ? % W?T A,.Gabriel ? T f w g . ; ( i i ) F. Cumont,
t t ? ) hob-fiôb-], t ? t t f f t t f C t ? f f f t w ft?t f ? tt?tct? Voyage dons le Pont; ( i ? ) G. Perrot, Exploration
wtwttt (b-i<t/i8i?) m i f S f wtft f f f w t t t ? t f w t t w t f t f W J archeologique de la Galatie et de la Bithynie,
fftf? I tt?W-fff1? t f t f f t ? ?rtff? f5ft,tt f ? t ^ I Wft? ib-^5s?-^5JO t-; ( i ) Ch. Texler, Asie Mineure, % ^boo
weatfPtc?? ? j ? f t f ? t I W t T W f ^ f f t ? f&ff.ti? w ? j . f.; ( i 8 ) G.Hirrschfeld, Perthes Geogr. Jahrbuch,
i l f t t f f c f t f f w t f f l R I t r c f i l f f t f f w fffe?? wtftfô i o t . , 8ofe; (iff) K. Ritter, Erdkunde, i/fe, iff8 f ; (i-b)
f f f t t f ? t ^t?tt?t m i t r o f t f ? t ? w t t t t f R ? f?R I i l t V. Cuinet La Turquie d' Asie, i f . , ^8^ f . ; (i'\) E.
ttt?ft f t w t ? f T O i t f t t w r g f ? f t t t T t e t "wrtro t f ? Reclus, Nouvelle Geographic Universelle, ibrbr8
'Wltftsll? 'ôlr/iOob-S) t t e t f f f t t f t f t t f l c t t I t f f t t t f ? f . ; fef., ffff^b f.; ( i b - ) Taeschner, Das anatolische
t t t f t (>!s??/i??fi-), ffS1W1?-m t t t f t ('Jj't Vi^'^b-) f t w i t Wegenetz nach Osmanischen QueUen ^J. ifefe f.;
ttftt (wtftt w w w ) - m tft f f f f w tttft t t t ^ (ife) ifeoff f c t ? w t t t ^ w f ffew-ff; wrtttfw f?C?? tf?ft
ftttrsiet? f f t f ? I f t t c t t f c^vvs/iovi) f t r r t r o (wftt f f t f f f w t f ? ??tt? ffwfff ft??et? WW g.; ( ? o ) ^ f t ?
w w w ) - m t t t f t t f t t f f t t t t t e t ? fttff I t f t t f f ? , wtwftw w t f f (ftbtt f a fitfftfw ^?tc?), t w f i p ft.
f s f t ? f f t f f t ? f ? tetr c ? f t ^?ttef? tf^t f e ? w ? f ^ i o o o - i o o ? t . ife?'i-ifeoff, f f f t r e w wi? ticttwc??'
i l f f t ? t w f t t t t f f c f t t c g f c t t t r i t T t i t t f ftt?ct? rot 2tc?tw? ?tt?fe? I
t t t t f fffCfft
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Contents
n R m nen A S I tAienn n e m f f m f n - f a m n r m m n m w t f
Gabriel, Monument turcs d' AnatoUe, A S t (tl#n wtmn * n t n - f A ' ^ ( f t w ^ t f ^ t n iAVb- R.) îinsf?
i&os 'Ô-iflm nms.'wi mi tmew cnt R f W9U ntcmwn wr SeatemtT ar^ I t m e w fwfn w T n - f A ^ s f c ^ w t f wtmestn Sfnntn
S e ^ m f^ntcAn i 'wtn-f'wtfn'F * m n - f t m f n ^ f t w p r m t t -
fmnmftn m f n Rrtnn^ (m.m.t.) / 's'wtm *m w m m f s f t n " - * m^ S e a t e m t j stx i f f m m w n -
cii. ;fin. lifsr. m A f p n^mn î^st
w t m n afe^ t m s K^f? sstews S e a t nftstcA ( g . t ^ ' ^ f n -
wrfcr-wrtRr^, wrtf[5T-^-tRr5f f^tntm, f . i A A ) m% f f w l , "rnnA t t * n t f t f n n - f f f " atc^
( W t m WTf ' w r ^ ) wtn-A'tmn t n n Rtn tfn nt^'ni nftstcA f f m n w f s ^ i w t n - f t m f n n s wtn-ntsfsif stfw
(nr^wi^n-wtfiw afc^ m^'m-'iin t R s c w ntsn) îiwtn ^nrnnmn, f'wtft-'s'wtms n t e t F . Krenkow-'an m m n m n i*8/ij*
nntcntb^, cntn? * <ptn i Rsff R f n t m f i n ctn Rms snsin m e n w e m s t e w stnstftw AtsicA i w t m t n n^mn ncm f n e m ^
wnmn W R (^. Huart, f. i 8 i ) I wnint Rfn 9m ntw
W R I S ^ f ^ ntcn wm R f n mnmn nnn nsenn i cntttcn f *nR, strs >iins t w f t t , nwmen tm f ^ t i , e^nn n s R t n
fwR fnTnrnn t f n w r s n R wtn-A"tfnn (f. o<? R), f n f ^ ^ R ^ i s m ^ t m*m m n ; f f m f m'wtf R I s n - f A ' ^ ;
wm-wTt'FrQn-wtnmin (f. ito R ) , tffn-ntnntw f A T m n nTAS^n-mtn^'n; m f w t n ^ *m wtm'wtn^ (îitnit n ^
tffn-mfnfnj wm-mfrnf (f.-oi^ R.) * tfn fntnn (f. R n n - m ' f w ) ffwtfn-^'nrss fnntn-Sf n f f n - w t W ; w - n t ^
R ) s i f t S ^ w n "wttncnn ntA^n ntw w n i wtn-mwwiw (f. wtm t f n ' w t w f t m t r s f w t f t R w t m w?3i; R w t f n f f
i i R ) * fmpmomnA (f. A R.) ân ntn* wtmn Snwinfc=in wt^-m tmnfn m t m w m f f f tt*ntR n ^ ; ffrnm m f t
wtfn^w^ I tntfnt-R's fnnn wtntmm fnntn-ttm I t f n w t m r n w T f n - m W
'wtfn-mR^ wM-mtfnf, tf'pt wtn-ffwtfnn Rmsn n n w tsistî t f n f A i m n w t m m m w t n - w t m f w - m A " f - m*m^-
'Smcnn stfwfnfnf^^ w t f wfmrs mnR tfn f A i m n tfn msR w t ^ l ; w ^ ' m ntnntn-ttnn * n t n - f t w t R ^ fnn m'wtRn-R'n;
w R - n T # (f. ô* R.) sffctn nfSn flenn i t n m f nsten f f w wTspiftR R ' R t - n R t n - ^ m n w i m n - w t f l f n ? f n ; f f w f t
w t n - w t f ^ mm "^tfwtcn mmt -mnew t t f w t wttn w t f A i m n f t m R Aiwtfwn-t=tnR t m wtnm'RFt ntrnntA; ttnA" f *ntfnn-
wtA'rnn * WTf wtA'rnn w m A i t f f n - A i m n tsfnn-fm^ f m f n m t f n 'wtntn [ t t f n - w t m - t t n A ' m * n t f t f n n - f f f ,
nfsnnten W f w n i w w s t n mm ^ wTfn ^ i f n n wfw As>i, * ttnA' f ^ntfrnr-wfrn [ m n f n ] (Sfaf^ f t ^ ^ stfwf?,
tfn 'wtnfnn-*ntfA'nwtn-Aff*tf lant wtmn tn wtmn mm ^ w p i - f f w ^ , ttSA' t T * n T f l f n n - f t ' f , i 8 , s i , s>o, A I ) ; m n f n
w f f n - A i n R f A i m n wtn-wtfnfess *ntns-ns fnwtetn mfn^ w'ft m m w fsprtm t s n w f w f t f f w m^lnt-R'n; w t n - w t m ^ ,
W R I wTin-Aimcnn tn wtn-wtfnf wTs nstmn* mfjfn afAt A i f f s t f w fnnr?n-ti*ntn-'ii Sftf^tw; fnfwf cttftn w n m n^
w n ntt 1 etn nncn nnm m w t c n wtmn mm nsrnn tfnentn n t w n , n t t s . fîmmin-Wtmn, ôt., i o V * Brockelmann,
t f # f g , i t . , f . i i A , ^ - i A * w t n - f "wtfrnsf, ntmew fnfw^ ^
mmnt mRt w f n t f w t n - w t f n f ftwf i o nten nnntn t m e n n nftntcA; n m g . f . to, i , 8s> t w n f n i t m e n n n e m
tf%wi w n ( f w t f n - f n m n , it., ^ss; t f f n - w t f n , w t n - w f s ^ t t nwmen f ^ t i i
mfnn, n t ia- R, it., io^) i ff? m'f wtn-Aimnfn n'Rt s t ^ t f t s ( i ) t f f n - n t f n , wtn-ffAfs, n t t , Flugel,
W f n t f wtn-fmnntn s t f w Rîfn-nst*mffn trgPiR, ntm ' m t t f n t i v i i ' J . i<t<t; (A) w t f n - s s T f n n w t n - n t A i f n n
wtsn-ntnf n w t n - w t * n t f f t n Afnftw f|n, wtmew nfR f m , w t w - w t f f , n t t * n t 5 p n - f A t w t , ssrsem is>Ai % % ao; ()
'wTsfn-nimn tfn W T A W tfn ^mnt (wtm mnft, B . wtft wt^-m'wtfnf, n t i r m w n - n t A s , i t . , ^v, i S A ; ( 8 ) m'fw
mtmn, i i t . , 8A) w t n - m * n i f wtn-Rmff w - n t A f latar?)? wtn-Aimn"^, t s t t f n - w t f n , t . , e s - ^ i ; (a) tffn-R'wf,
wtfn-nstfnn w t n - w t f n f n mncn i i R. tti ^^fnmflcnn i t n n t ^ - ^ n t w , i t . , A ^ * ; (to) t s n t t f a w , * m w r , w e m
t f f n - n t f n f t n st"^ wtn-fmAfw (num ntn i i R.)-'^) i i o R A t f s t f n wt*n " f n f fns^, i t . , i A i * f s - n ^ fnn^,
mtcf f n f ^ t c ^ , "fnns? nstenn mf^
. w t i n - m f n n wtn-wtfnf i t . , 8 o 8 ; ( 1 ) A l # tt%Ft, w t f w - ^ f n , t S c m f n n t ^ t , nt
>ant wtmn mnm fwfn âtn* # R o i" 8(fji; (b-) ffwf, ft'm, *{. A i v ; (J) >^ entns,
wtfn-nsifnn wtn -wtfnfn S H t s f , cst^R wtntenn nstcA ttnA'-m*mftfm-ftf, nstsem i A A R ; ( i o ) w t n - t t * n t n n i f ,
c^ftflmcA, m<if n * s ^ i n^mflttwc wtmess mft'cwn w f m f n l n ' T i : n - w t ^ , iovto R., f . 5,is>; ( i i ) Hammer
tnmf ffsew
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Contents
8^
purgstall, Lit. Gesch Arab, Wien i V f f o f., a^., 8 8 8 ; WW? fffwflctt Ifr? t t ? ilt fiwtfc? W t T ? w t w wftf
( i ? ) CL. Huart, History of Arabic Literature, t w t wftSaCtWWt^f^W I
iSi>o f, ->[. i8<\-i8\r; (io) t r f ftmif, WTt-tt?35t-t5lft, tffl^, f f f T , ^ 5 ^ ^ , w*ft ftwt f f t t f WtT? wetf
mm, ifeos f, ? ^ . , V ? f.; ( i 8 ) Brockelmann, GAL, ?ft?ie? I ttt wttfttw-Wftsi? (ftwtftg ftttf) trgftft
it., i i i ; t f t f f t i i < i i f.; ( i f f ) The Encyclopaedia Wftc? w?t ft? I t T t f f t f , fttffw, titf^ <3 w f tftfifet?
of Islam, At t l , W I W I W f t t s t t t W ; ( i ' b ) wTtft-'Wlfhr tw?tt tct? fftc? ?fw I WtT? ?f5w wtit^-fititr' t f i f t ^
tlttlt, t f f ^ - f t t l t t , ticro i5?<l t- I fcf?t ilfft tif^^w? I wttftj? tftc? WtT? fffe f f
t r t t t t t i f Wtl (tl.tt.t.) / il. i l t . i l t . tlT5P ^3^?nt f i f i l w ? f t f t - ^ f f l t f t tfitt-wtTftt, wH-wtt^-fwtw wiet?
wet ts,tfffw, fgt-ff?cw i o 8 < i ft.; f?wiwt-f' t t
^--^STrf^^sfT^ ( ^ ^ a . V l ) s t t t ^ ' ^ t W t ^ R - t f t , ^rttw, W.ft; t ^ fCf?t W?tie^t I wtw?
f^tWt Ww-wttttft, t i t f t - f t ( t t t wft t f l t l f ' W l ftftt
ffsftiffw f f s f f w # t f f Wftc? ?ft?tc? I t f ? ffwfftca
tf-tlftlW; t f f ttt 'îfi'^'lW? t f ^ l f t l W "Wft t t t ^
Wtt-WtWt, t f f f t e ^ W f t t fW-Tlfttf tft-WWtff;
fWIWt) i l W S R "Wtt t f w ^ t f t I t%tf ffffi/iiff*55-<l trct W t t t
ftff-WtfW5 t w f r o twttct? fse?, Wt-tttfT;?? Wct
t t t f ftct w t f s t T t f C f t I f t c t twtf Ttwtft tCNot W f t t f tlWH;
t f s f f C S t t t t t C t t t t f t f t t w f f t t C ? W f f ? t f C f T I fwft
f f f lit S ( i ) f?ft, Wl?tf T f f - f t t f f f t . , i ? i - O o ; ( ? )
W*ftcf f t t . W t l t C t ? tftt ftft?t f C f t I f w f t f t ? I t - i l ?
t w Wtlftt, WfW i f e 8 V f ; ?f, Sffff, WfW i o i o ft.; i t . ,
Wffctt t f f t -^c w t f f f w t W W f C f t ( t f f t - f f ' f w f ) I
o?t>; ( o ) t w ttwft'W, ?t., i a 8 ; ( 8 ) t t f f - ^ ^ f i t .
f w f t tftfw t t t ftfW WtTt WtJtt WWtT wctt I W58t?
? 8 o - i ; ( f f ) W t - f W t f , Wt-Wftt, w f f f f i f e 8 b - - f f i % , i t . ,
fttew t t t fftw twt wfts*^ (f)-f WWCt? tf^frs wt- O'b^-oVfe, o f e o iltl ?f., 8 , i?J!.; (p) Brockelmann,
f t f t f t f , t - f f"W ttwtw? fffJ^ f f f ^ T? 1 W o s t ? GAL, i t . , Ofeo/8fe8, ttftft, i , ^ . b'Wr; W t - W f f f f i f e f f 8
fffeViife<2--fe'b wet W t f t t S f - W t t f f t ? f t t t f f ^ fff5 W il?l % i^bfe-ibî I
f f t f t i l t tet ftettfifw ftcf? I f w f t WIW? cttf fftif%t%f D. Sourdel (tf.W.t.) / i l . i l ? . ilt. tt?fp ??tt? f i B t
we?? cft?ett^ trtfw w # i fc?t, f f f t T tT? ww
^rff^ (5^1) s t f w f t (t)-ii? WW I w t r o ffw flew
ffft? fi?t '5t?t t f f t I cf?W ttflTft WtT? fffcw tfegittw
f ^ fbWfttt? ( t t r t t WtWft) wfweWf W??? fc?? ii?i ^str^t? t w "^rot Wttf t w ^9T^ ^ - f f f f ii?ittw?i?w'
ftcww tffffwwtc? wtTCf twt f?t l?t ?ffw wwW ft?? fttw "wtftt-ttw t w t ? r o t w "wWft-w? 1 w t r o wm
f C ? t I t r ? f C t f w f t fWttt TWw-ii ^ttW Wt I Wft? f w f t tw?? t w "^rot WWf w t r o ^wftttet 'witf-sii? t w
Wflft ftwt? Wt-Wttft-W?f? ( W f t t W - f ? ) f?T5Itt t w 'wr?fft-fwtt?-ii? tft wttfro t f r o ct? ( t w i/i
vsnt-wttft-fwifft? wfffret-ft? %!n?)-ii? wfe? W f f f ? t ffv) I tetwi, ffttc?? f ? f f s ^ wffw ffwtett wtftt fc?? I
f c ? ? ( - b i f f / i ^ i v - f e ) I wt-w?fe?? f f j ? ('bi'T ft.) t? f t w ? " W t t ^ ^ t f f t f t ( t ) - i l ? wctt? fctt ffr??t f C ? ? I i i f ftft
wt-wffft-f"wwrt (ftwft-ft t w wtt-wftfft- t C ( t w t W t , ^. i o ? ) f W W ? wtfwWWStWficwt, W W

wttft w f ttf? Wftf) WtTCf WffW wttfw Wt-WtttWft- iif wtatew fwft cffett, iit^ft cwnfw cw w r o c*?? ?te
wffftrf? ftr? fff^ f c t t ('bi V i ? ? o - i ) I ftsf wtt-wftfft- * tftfw ^jtt ii?i tTc f f t f r o , f t w f?e?? t ? i r Q f f f #
wrf?rf wiwcf ' b ? f e / i ? o ? Wet t ^ w ^ t e ??frs ?se?t tsttf ^8tt I "
iftww c?, f w f t t f f tfttewflcw I f w f t t i f i ? -boi/tcw^ c t f ^ ti# T t f r o 'J? ^tc frr?c?? t? t f f ? f r o
i ? o o wet wfffcf ti%flt fc?? I WW # f f e flet? w f f t w t f f?TWf ( t ) WW? t f f t t w ?
WtT? W3I t w t t t t f t ' w WtTCf iifw? wft w f WtfR ftfwtlct? I ? ? ?t? ? f ^ t w t c f t t w wtfw t f r o
c?wftf? "wtftrt tfttw t c f t fftwew ii?i tew, ftft flet? f r o w f ? twft w*ff ii?i w f t - w t e t ? tft^ WWI ftfew
t t w t f f f ftet? iifw? wfw cttff ?rf^ I t f f f t i , t f f ro I t w ? fwjtfofwet t w f f r o t t r f f wr?w' w t f
wt?-ftw "8 f&ffwtftrt? fwft ftct? tfteftt w f trf^, fte? f f f t f t w t f e w 11\ W t r o w f iif ttfwftw t e s f
w f t f f fft, f t w i f ^ t ^ c t t f I t w ftfltw t^tWfcw, ffttfit I c t t t t f f?nwf (t)-cf twtwffwwtfjt-fwftic??
tftftzs twft f f ? wtrt? ftfEfttlctt iiti trew t w f t fj^ft^ T e w c w f f f c t i
t t w f fffcfi?
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81
c^tm enmm! fm w r w n wfsenm ânrnmim* wtme^ wtntw

m^îftA (^) 'i^tntTf RsFw nsnm .^si^m ^nî^'m nsfnew nsinew stmicn Wm ntm rnn 1 t t s rnn t e s t ^tAie<> ^
inR^JKtw ^stAtn "sr^sH nmn fnirm^ fn mfn )4sifb Awirmee wtmn WH? fnn#t nsRw A S I wtten
wten wtssnienn f ^ f a t ^[mfff-mnm Ajm trm 1 âw fgetn
nem wf?tf nenfS c^m * fnnm fat n f f f n f n n m A îAte^
f s s f W r m wnm fCA w i ^ n t f ^ cten wwgmen m w
tW'iiwsls fnnrfnw nsm A S (Ren^ i i * v ) 1 cms n t n n t n
fpimnten cn'snm ^ wf?)fe^ c n t w '^mt tftnem ent^
^gnrtm Awjt ssm AS I nsfstw wtcA, wtfnm tteswcnn msTcn wttsm
cnrnm nmm ^fsc^-i; w s r m fwfn tnmwc^ nsfmmm wtamet
"^5itf[ ^ntnm (nt) n c ? R , ntt (n) ^st^jn n t ^ ^^nn tnmw Rmn nsesn 1 ^nitJcns tftess f%fn Ftrnte ttittm cnn; wrms
f t t R ? ^ tnntw >snt6ne^ f R mn w n I
fl^tltc1^ 11^ <iPiw*t s ^ ^srmtn ^ 1nf& îtAin V S R J mtnttfêmn
^ ajt^fnt 4R<ii bi%|vi, *lli|lc<^ ^tîiPs 2|iiR ^srtf^ ir%fi ct^
^ A5 mt I wsstn ^ ^siAtn 1nf5 ^SIAI? m^ fnrnn^ wtff"n-nfn c^tfft (is.i*-v(t 3t), fnfn i i nc^, iJsiff n c n
?Plnmn îfnt% srtlnt n^tnc^ Rfn 'sifntw miiicA-n 1 nsftnsfw wnptAt nsenn 1 wtmn f ^ flenn fmnt^ twmn m t m
msms cmnm '^nnnfAlnnim mn. 1 c^nm ^ csimOTnc^ tnttm f ^ t t t t mcsin wfnnrf 1 wtmens f ^ f n ^ wJn^ fntm
f ^ -^m mnt w t t m cnn" (nttA^nPtn, R>^lfi isftmtn, wt'Wf H wtnewn S^-tRenn trim wtR w^ttnw litntsn ?tew
(to) mn fnntmtwn-ntfnfnj (^) w m ^f^, nt AA^Viov; tnencS wiRm nnR ^ t n w n 1 Rfn f f ^ ttnntnen wtnm
mm^, wtmtn, ( i o i ) mn fnmmf% n^tntn^r ftt^, nt \ o ^ ; nm^tns n w mmj, wtnfts mn?tt^ tfsm?in nnm m-mtm
tnn mwt, wtmtn, ( s v ) m nt ia-iA; fnnm ^ti^nm, mfn^fwt I
A'î., ^j. 88i, fnnm nt. % nt h^trb) 1 wtfnfn n f e n n ntwt cntn ntfwm n f n flenn t m f ntetT|w
fAi'îi fnt *tn^ ^ p i f Tfftm I fwfn s>fn<Mis nsne^ fpt ?te fnfnnn
st^tft (i) tnn ftmn, j. 10, i o o - i o A , i o i ; ( A ) tnn c^Sw t t t w m I fwfn ttsT#t, ntn^, * ^ wtnra fsi
m'n, i/i t . ,too,1; (o) WlntSt, i t . , S>Vo, i o l V - i o V i ; (8) fnf5ten I wtfnfn n f e n n wenm fn rnn t n cntnntRmn^
^^5rtn w-fmnft, ntntn f mnt, w e m is><hs % toî; () cstet wtai^ A n I ôtn n ^ cmt fnsmesn c w Roscmtj '^ns
fAimn t f n Aifn, w-fAlnsin; (to) t f n Alwtn w - ' W ^ t n t f t , wtRfw AS mt I tmen >iicnet smtn tins w AS n m w mt
mm-tn-mi, 4 l t 4 l l , i t . lAto, nt iviv; (1) Caetani, n ^ ' I cmtt^ W W M ' ntaFtn^ 1 wft m^stcsn tntm?< wttnfs
Annali, i t . , i i S . , i(?o, i*to 1 nfne^ wtmn ntcss ntf^m ^cw nnttm n.*m A S 1 mw
ntf^^s tnntf) ffscmn n A t i f i f fnenn lafnwrcnt cnn wrfnfn n f c m mnn-tmenn w
^sfit^ c^m < j i ) i H t o o msntn *wifnf stAt w n I liifnwrcst flenn fnsnsm 1 wrms m f tns ism cnn
trijRn ^^rtntt w t igntmontn fnntfn-m"anin mm 1 'wtfnfn mm nsftîw ass omtifs njtenwm i w t I
At^ wtAnicnn n^fnt fat ntnfn-fn miAmmn nft wtmn fnntA wrfnfs n f e n n nnn ntn fwn ntnn wtn wrAm nrm tnRrnn
AS I ninfn.^fnfiAtcssnttn mfwn Rf^ An ( i i 8 o ^.) imttnmn sscsn I nsen cnn tfsntest wtfnfn n f n ntfnw-ttR A n 11^
#nn nw fsetn fln 1 mat fwnt^ n^lc-ts wcnm t n 'mi%sfn stten mwwtm ftnten ^tmtwr ttst#et sRc wwj flenn 1
nnwnf w t m m f n t m m w ^ f n f wtmn mfes? A I I ^^ffm 2tm ntcm ntnn nnn t ^ R R mtnrmm f ^ nsenn mt 1 wrms
tfsm wf*tw w lant wtmwrn^nrnnR nfnm ntm rnn f^f^ # n n ^n^ AS <pjmm^ nenw ifcn I
( i i 8 v '^.) I mfnrnnt n twin n f ^ stew f R tm (ii8s> ^.) 1 cnn mmR tnntew isfnm nttms t s wtfnfn n f n e ^ fncns
fat mt^nifn-nt*w w w fftn ett^ m 'itne^t fnnt^-m*nt ntm wtm An r fwfn n w f c n wR An is>Av m t ^ f c n t n
fn^^men inAw An ( i i o - i %) 1 ctimw wnf c^mtn fcam tisw t t t nsenn I w t n S ^ f t w w m w t n t e w tnn w n 1 i^tnnn
tenn ^ t n afnttj mwtct w m t m t c ^ , cmtm nRn R R mnfn -^tTsm n^m R ? t f ntnm mwflwcw ^sn 1 R a f
tnnif tnticmn
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WlRp?%TCBT^
)>if<t>tct W t am tw<j W t wwcwt f r a t i rot f r o ftro R f t W W f t t t ? RtWW fffroiw W f t t f f t i t w f??3f 'Q W W t

# t c t i t t r i ^ tet I t^tfiw f f ? w t t t t r f ? f f f f t t t f T5J1 f f f t t ttft
i f e o o f t t t R f t W R t W v t t wrctt m w t f t t w Rcwt t f t ^ i t r o ?r? ftrttt?? ww R?fit?? ft?? w w t f r o t t t ? ^t?
w t t twft itt? W f f t t t f t f w t t t w WT I i t f T R t WW t r o f wwf fftw w f R l f ? f t f t t t r t f i t wwtt? R W I iitww
roR ftT?ftwtw wfw ftttt I >&fw?jttf f t f t i t t f t t n i w t w i t , WiTtWtf f l ? t f t ? f f t f ? f f f f c t (RW I
wfwwtw tstfsf ft. ftw ctt-m tftwt? W t w Wftiw m%. m c t t R t ? w t t f cww Rtt? W R f f f w t t t CflW i t t l f i t I
ftwtti t f ftwt gg ^^?rf fftro t t t t ttt t f t t t t t www w r i l t R f R tftrlR? ftfftt? (Sftl C f 5 f i t I W W f T ? ffi ?l
fttff f t W t S ( W t OW 1 W f f f t R @ ftttif f t t f W t t w i f f ? t t t i f ftwro f ^ w g t i f f t W i f ? ffwit? i t r w f f t ? f f f w ?
rott I t w m w f ^ w i r o i wiftf? ? f t fttwt t f t w t w s ctsg f ^ I wt? f r o f i t ffo, t t t f , cttit? t r o c t w f f f ?
WTTO fwt w t t t t t ? t t ? w i r o w w t w f t m t i t t ? t w t t f f w f WR ftfftw? I w f f R t Rtffw? g f vs f r o c?W t l c t ?
tt? I ( R t t ? w r o f f t f t f flw (Rt ( : ? ^ f t R (R? w i r o t i t t f f ? f t f ffai ffft t j t f f f ? f f - f f 3 i WCJit t t f t f ftffgw
W t t - t l t t ? ? Wl? I wtb ( R t ft^ ti?t?tf wftrw T ? wiftt T R f tltt? I t R f f f ? ^ ilWW? W t f f f i t f f t R f f r f WCt? t f ? I
witwtt? tttt fft? ilt? t t w r o w t r o t f t r o t f t wrro f f t f ^ t ^tfft "fC? wff" tttt WT i l f t t ?lffC W f f t ?
?>s?T fSw f i t i' f f t w ? f t W W f f f fftfit?? wtftt?? ?T?ff T I I f f f w ?
f r ? iit t f ? wftftMT? f f w w?t wiftro W W w i t t f t t w j t t t ? t t t r f t t t f f t w , f f t w j f f t f ? t w j aiftw c a f f f w t
wr?tw? w r f ? f i t f t t ? ft=f ? i w f f f ? t t t t ? f t f t t ftcttf 1^ I
t f t t a ? tfTtt? f f f t (?t>aW f t T O R I witw w f ? w T^sw f f w w t r o i f f r o f t f c t w, ttw-wwi,
iir<j8 ^ f t R WlW, f f r o , f f t r t (ttt? Rtt fw) wrtrt w w - w f f f w t r i w w r f ? - w c ? ? ww w r i t f f t w t t f t w ?
t t w f f t f t W I f f t C ^ f t f t w ?? I tw? fTRfWt? itTOR w f s F t siwc?? WW # ? ? f t w t w f f f c t iitiRfff? c w t ? f w
ctro5?it^ t w f ? w Cftt W t t ? ttt? W W f i t I i i f f f i R i i f fiTO's t f r s wiciiMi f f f c t w iitwt? w r o i f f f s t t w
f C t t t ? f t t t W t ? i i f f f t j f ^ t t ? t ] W t t f t ? f I t t f t t f f S t W wiwcfi?tf f f t t f f r f w t ( t # t f c ? ? cro f f i f T c t t t w f f f t r t )
?wi? ?rtT f f t ? ^?i tt I wsftet wsiw t t i ^ (sfffusf ^tf^ t t w f l f tl'Sl ff IW fCftffct? ttRC? f w ffc? I
f f c s t f f t s f w t t w wmwt? w t t f c?tt f i t ii?i f r t t f t t f W f f t t f f f f : ctw? R?fw? w t t f R?w ftw ftwwtt
( R f t t R i r ^ t W ? ? t f R W t W ? W W f t f R R f i t I W f 5 f t t ? ffft I tt f t t t t f f s f t f ffw? W t f t t f f t l tfstfl?
t 5 f c t f t i t 5 s % ( R f t t t r t ^ t w f f t f R i T t r o W W (ft? f t f t t f ^ f 3 I t f ffs W f t ? f t tttl RlRt?rtf f W C R ^ W T W ? i l t ?
W I wwii? i l t (Rtf^ ctrotRft^ twft?? w f f f Rttt?? WW w t f t r o t f t t t t t i
ib-18 % w r t t t t f tw:ffftf ^ t croti fftw t r o w f f ^ f f t t ? w f w Ttt?? f W f w f ^^tw i l t roti rort
WR?wi? i i f w t f f f f f f w t t f t f t t j w r o i T i I ffsf w r t t t t f ff^tst C?, f f f f r o ^ wcw? WW t f ^ f W tlct? I fwft i l t
f f t ^ f W R t ^ tw^tftttsf? stWRtff t t t r t ? t w r o w T'sro f t t c t R'fft'T wwtt? osftt ? f tltt? ii?i t s r o WWtfttwT?
W f t f ? Wt?t? t f W t Rv^ ?n#T i f e o f f t f t R ? i'b WCBltt f f t j f f w ffw f R WW fc?? I
?w:effftf? wTrg^ ?iwfrft, w w istwt ffwttt? w t t f f f ? o t i R ? ??cR f T ^ c w w t f T f t ftwt? f r t ft?? I
Wrtit W t 3 R t t t t ' i f f f W t t t ' w t f i P ^ f W ? S K t f t t t ftfftt'Jwm ftrtf? f f t ' s r o f p t t t ? f s R t t f t f w ? t T 3 t f f
f t ? t 1 t r o ?iwttf WI rot I w r o fff53t wtcWftSar cwtt? i w ^ w c t wfwtris? f b t t T I
f f t w ^ stwi w r o t t f ft^ wffro, cwrro, tww? t t t I W f t f f WR-tR?t fC6l ftwc?lffwi? f?W? RTo f C ? t I
w t w f t t ? wwrrro-wtfro ^ttw f f ^ ( R r o R t w fw? f f f c ? ^ iinti wc?? Rtw f i c t ? I f f f ftro wtw f f w
f t t f t t t t t t ? ftrww f f w T i l t r o rot f f t sttttf f t t f t f C ? t I f r o i l f f tiSBtt C?f f i t f t ? c t f f w t f I f ? ? f
t i f t w , f f w <3 w f f f^? tg?t?? cwai Wtt w t w t f w T I I w t t fwft t^ jFftl wt?? R W T T I R f t ilfW? t w t f w f
wtttw? wrf? f I t f t t ? fT5 ( R f f R f f t t s f ? i l t ?1W^ftf a j t f w t f f c t t w t t f tlct? I
t t f f f S t ? U?t WRCWrt f f t f f t f l R ? I t f f t f f ttfR1f75 f t f t t t w f t w t l t t ifeo-b % t f t w T I I wtfff? ? f f c t t
f r o i f ^ ^ w f f ? ftttf? f f T t t t j t f t t f t f t t tsiR f r o RlRtt? f f w f W t tttt t r o Rt^Wtf f i c t t i R I R C ^
t f t f ? l W rot? I f t t WtWtt? R t h l f RWR W f f t t f f f w . f f , ' j k t t t f Rwtf?itt f r o w f j i t ftbtr 'si?f?
f f t w ? fftwtt?I1tRt tttt fwfw W W f t t t f t w T I I i l t 5tw f t t f t ? I t i t c t ? f f f a * W 5 t - t t w ^ ' f w ? f f f t -^tc
ttwf ffSttfIt
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Contents
wtfsff * ^jktiwwT mw ? 5 % | %<f^ t5ff?n srrffjw wtfnfs n f n fnen5 ntnnn ^tenn atfwttwt n m n R * fncnt
c ^ asTcnn w t f t n n n n m flenn i fwfn fnens catn ^tenn*
W f&s witA w R s (?t, w 'ftn R s w R s ntt' atfwttwt m m n R flenn i m mmn ntfn^ ttmen* wtmn nrtnns
lijcnetn n ^ a w R o I w t R f n n%?m # n w R ^ nfnfbR nftnteA i f ^ nscnwm cwc^twm I t ? f t ^ ' ftnten wft.
R c w nnnn tfDsifln i wtmn nmnjwt wtmn flnntenn m. *. n e w n mff^tcnn atfwfnfn^ nsenn i
^ ^ ^ ^ ntf Itmt's ctnn nenn, iJw?* stew ih<t\r-% n w mtn wtfnfn n f e n s a i s i n f t n m n f n w t A m cnnn i f m ^ ^ n ^ ^ f
ntnn mnt t w i n m a i n t w CT f R tnntenn ^stmn cm^ ninmn mfn wtmn âssft m mmenn n t n w n w t AS'fn wtmn ft <itc^' I atnm
n ^ "Stw w m I wmn C B t f f t n w f ntmem w e m f t 'itncn ftn f ^ nn twR csnn 'ptAffrt n f e n n nesf t t n t n fcsi wmw
fajfwftw A t s t c H wtn wtmenn S ^ n n ^ w n m * mte^ i A n I lat fsntCAS W I wtmn m f a f ^ n f n * m w n
wtmn nnenn ntenn nnn ( w n fwfn, wtmn ft, t*t^ aif^^lws mtRtt n f n w m s i A t w i wtfnfn n f n i o ntnn nnen i5b-* t .
stntn * ff% sftnns f^ mm <>i,iw* wtfnew (jfom ^ w m i fnntA tnfwwinscnn i
^ t n n * wtnn-tnten n f nfnntn wtmn t n f s ^tew wif mmm r^t#t s ( i ) nswfn SAmn a t f w IncneSn mt<s mm',
mtmeî JHs^ -^fnn n s f f at^ttt^st, ftmtw, fnent stew ajnstf*tw ^nttt
iSivso % wtfnfn n % T n fnwtn steettn nnsfn cmenn isoi/'iifain i5s.8 f . i - 8 i ; ( A ) 'Zaentwtt ^sFnif
c f t ^ mmnntn f n e f t nfatnstn stmn 'sn' ^ i f n e f t wtwa (nAtsiw) a t f w "cwen R t n^s * t t ^ wtscss m f n w t n w i " ,
t t f f m wteA ms mtntenetn t A n ^tew st^tRw m a t w t ^ ^ 'Zacmnsjmt bâ^sff, arm * wmsnn ^ t m f t m , cwm
f m l t f t (sftn mm ntnn) nfatsn wm ^ 9 ^ ^ * wteA nlnft nen ^ nnnnRtA, attn nt. i5tob- ^. ^ - A ^ I
nti ' f s ^ tmft n t t
ftwm wtent m t m wtfnfn n % i t 'ffesft' nfaimfSn m n w n
*^5ntsRr ( j ^ i ^ ) 8 w n - m f n ^ wiw-wiffn nimîfn n f f f d i n
w n I t w i n ' f n m f ' n f S i W mn ste 'ft' l a n t f ^ mM f ^
twenn t n vaa/isai nten wtmn m t 'wt^ (wm-mfnfn-fwittn
'nm:lt' stew 'cSt' n t m "fieD' nfannn mn f ^ nscsn i
t t n f i f n ) - ' a n nAentet nrnm-â n t f w t f t n ntwntt srfwftw
isstoi ^. -stew fwfn 'ftcsft' n f a i w mmnmn rnfrn^ mt
sscsn I twin b-io/i8toto men mnwt ntenn â^msf ateetm
^cnn I W t A m mtnttnssm R t ntnt, f n f R a n w i f n i i ^m f n t
atttAISHi
t w e w b R e t n n t e ^ f n e s f t w f f n ^tew cntnft w t n ^ nfwn
a r ^ t i f 8 'wiinnf^ftnamcfnar^tlten^-i
cbfflf sffwftw ' w m n cAm^' mnn? t s e n # m^tft^ stfainst
(E. 1.2) t r s i f f n t m
st^tttw stew mess I mf%msifwtmmni!^f1^ntn^'t^'*f
csm^''i ffmSn nAmn C5f *ifn mminnm t f a t ^ wptss fnn Kn I '^sftt^ ( j - L c ) 8 An ( t f n 'wtnt^-^niAAm wm-nttn^
nes wtfnfs n f n t^f'f csnte^'s ^y^^tts^tft s n i tfaimft nwmen wtw-wTffn nim?."^) flenn ntf w i % ntetn nnctn f s m w f a i
R f n ntnm-ian b-sss/iSb-v ^tew 5A/ia-ii m n t w ntw^
fncncSn m R s j * n ? ^ wnew wtfnp n f e t m w n ^ i <plssif|ct't I f e n t 5AA/i<i-i>!s men fnnesn c n t - c n m t R
wtms mm^tn "cwjtR n n R n " f ^ ntmfnn m?ffwss ns^fssteon (Admiral) Anis-t ntmcnn ntwntf 'ntfn' n t n S'isslflct't i
c ^ g f f f I fnens catfrn^ wtfnfn m f n fnent âw^sftn w m nsmt 'wtfnn t ^ f w e n n fnnn:w cstfnw enfnsenn nnn nnsnts
c5fAi5m >ii^n f n m m wfn mn ^ R t t f^tnte^ I fnens asstesfn nsfnew w f f m n nsfsmflenn i A'ntsn wtmn m m ntnn en-ess
SciiftT * n e w tne^ nwn fnen fsft nm, >iit mtcs^ ntftwj, tsnftew ntftm ^fnnt tînttlcnn liint t n n f f ntnn 'wtfnn fntn
f f l * ntffwn S p e n R m t i ^ wnmn ntf^rstcA i wtfnfn n f n iît wtsm m m 'wtnfn-ntfnew nftw iînsea t n m n ^fnmflcnn,
limstcEfn wmwn sifwttm flenn I slsnes-ân nftw m few n s t t i f , s t e n n i twmncn. cncAA
wtfnfs n ^ flenn f n n nsff * stmn f n f n i wtms mnfn^ mnffs n t t ' S ^ m f f n m n cn%r tfpt Atsifin, f w m t
'sntn^, wirnn atfwm, cnm, ntAn * f l ^ f f w wtmcss m<f ntmn*'S^ntfenn w m f n ^ ctn I
#sens w t n m f ^RrtcA i ^pfs, ntfsfww * fi|lci ntAê^t wtms aff^tft 8 (i) f ^ w f i f n , in Notices et Extraits, 8 t . ,
# s e n s Seancmnr w t t srfnw stntcA i R f n n^ c n t - s n n 8 A i ; (A) C. Th. Johannsen. Historia Jemanae,
nsfnntcAn i wtsm e n ^ fsefrf n^-nt^tess ntmt t i n wtf=tw i ibAb % ibto t., AA^ t.; ( ) Weil, Gesch. d. Chalifen,
fncnf n^fwnn "ewjit nnfwen" w i R m atAt nsfnntcAn i et., >>b t . ; ( 8 ) Zambaur. i A i , O. Lofgren, Arab.
t n n t f ffaessm
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Contents
(?lf) 'wfe 880
Texte zur Kenntnis der stadt Aden, index; (ff) PoUera, Le Popolazlonl indigene dell Eritea,
Khalil Edhem, Duwe-i-Islamiyye, i f. 1 Bologna 1935; () Races and Tribes of Eritrea,
(E.I.2)/vpmfftR? Asmara 1943; (8) S.H. Longrigg. Short History of
Eritrea, WtstCTOS ife>8ff (ff) C.G and B. Z.
( f t ^ 'Îfw^l ( _ ^ u ^ ) s t f % t t f l f e r t >8 f m r w
Sellgman, Note on the History and present
t N f f f iitmn w R W i D twtw ttwR 11 cw-wwr
condition of the Beni Amer, Sudan Notes and
wttew gw ctw I w r i W f w? -^0,000 ( % t ? w t c r o ftwct
Records, 1930; [ii) S.F. Nadel, Notes on BEni
w s t w w r i t T t twtftts) I i i f t ftft^ w t t t ftw^ i t t t t w t f t t
Amer Society, ife8ff % f ffife8; (1) S. Hillelson,
ftsf R i t j f ctwt (m^ c?ftll3t> W W ) w o w fttct ( m i t w f )
Aspects of Mohammedanism in Eastern Sudan,
WW) W t t t f t t t e t I f r t t m t t?ctiv|, t t r o ftwtftw ftttt
JRAS, ife1; (br) J.S, Trimlngham, Islam in
w^ f r o f ^ f "wif? w t f f f g g ^ fw?!f tif ?? I i t t t f f t j
Ethiopia. WtpiCft i)ff? % ^. iffff-b- mif?w51
C f t t 155 W t f wtet ( w t w t ) tetr w w ro i w f t w r w i
cttftt w t t t t t t tetr tftwe? w f f w ? f c W f 1 t r o t f t f w t S. F. Nadel ( E . I . 2 ) / W ? I f f f fR
( c T i c w WIW tttc? w c t t f t f f e ) ; t r o t ftft^ tte?! W l stc?nett wnf^ ^ wfHf^-^-nrf (^^1 ^ û) 8
fct wtw W f t C W ? w w e t 'Wffft w t e w wwt f t f t t f t e t 'wit^pt? wtt-wt?tw (?), ? t r o i i f w t wtft*^ m i
W f f w e ? tfttw t e t T T I f f f t i t i f f f t w t t t C f t t m s w t Riw? t t w f t?e?f [ wtro # ? ? W W s t t t f f f f t t ? t t ?
f t e t t sfttet? w f c t t i c f , WT? w f f w i t t ts.ttwet w t w t (W)-m f f b t f ^RTO t w Wttc?? fit w t r o t fi??ii?=i I <R?w
t R < t t t f c ? < w f e t c w - w t t w t w f ^ c r o c t ? t tfswet? t f f t ? t f f t w t ? t ? t w c f f t w t e ? f ? W f t ? ? t i ? c t ? I 'wHfsii?
f t w f f f f t w t t c f I tftte sif?t W T c t ? rowtctf^t "s f w t e t ? t w '^=fttf? rot 'wift^cf f w w w r o f W ?? I wst? w t w c f
ft'wof fiiro ftlw t t c f I t f t wt%5t wtfte!? rot f f t i t , w t f f c f ftftw ctw ?? I t s r o f ' w t f t w ( w ) - m f f w f t w w c t
w t t f f w w - t # ? 'wwttf w*t w w t w fttt ffftiffett c?tfte?t f f f t i w f t t f c ? t I wro-ifwe? WW f f t c ? ? Ri?t
w t t t c t ? w?jet i l t t f t w t e t ? t t t stet f c w e ? ?w f ? t (tft f t c W f t t c f w?w f l f c ^ H ) c ? f f t w f r o fro
T ? I aftt f f c f w r o i l f t t tfct? (jsff? W t f ^ ww?t t i f t e t W W f t t f ? w w f i ? t?t; f r o t f f c w ' J f w t l t ^ l t f ? t s r o
WtTct? f f c t ? W W f t ? t e ? w ? T w ^ I c f w f (cellbacy)-m t w t t f f f W 'stew f w c f ff?w ?tro
ctfST t t w t t w i t f t t r o I i f f t f f ftwt ^8 w t r o tttc?? f?sfet f W ?ttlt?i, iiw m t t e ? t w f t t t t c t ? cttw
Croat 'af w t % t w f f t c t t ??, t t t w w t c t w w e t ? t C t l W f f J f r o t ? fctiwH .f?t I twtwe? t w f W ? w f r o W w t f t c r o
f t w r o I WWTS ^ t w s S t i w f i ^ f j ? twe? wi?w i i t wtiw w t t ife>8 ?<ft row, f r o c f t f t t f w s w t w wft 'Zttwfwr?
w t w t ? w - W T C t ? f j f ? T ? 1 t t w t f ? t ? f f ? i t ftiw^ t e t ? WW f W C f t t t f f ?ftlW RCR? rot ^t, ?ft ilt R f t t t w
tffifb i i f w t f r o ( f t t w t ) t t sfttet? i l f t t t t w e t ? ?fe>/'!sffo -Ste Off/'bff'li WR? t t i f f Rte? fit?if?t I t ? ? f
' ( c f t f t f ) wc ttw t t C f I ib-?fe> ^ c tfttfb f t t c t ? ?if ttet? fftc 'wtf? t w 'wt?tft-fT?t ^ f iltt i i f w ? w ^
f t t t t ? t^5?tftft?feat w W ttt I f f f i v f e i t- '^'^ Wftt f?ct? w wro w f t f ? Rifiw tttwt?, t ? i f f t t e t ?
f t t t f t , tft t?-t? ftft-wrftt, tftf? f W f ttwrf?
f r o w t w ? wftct? (Wfffft WtTttflf WtW?w w t f ) W W ^
f ? c w m i f f w e t ? ii?sw? w f f w ? i c t w w t f f t t t f t f e ^ w
i t ttwttwet? w t w c ^ f R e ? f t t t t f c t a w e t W f f W5??
?f??te?f 1 f f t t e w Wfttfttt f r o rot w t i t j weffff ttw
w t ^ t f s s ^ t e ? ?f%w I i t w t f t w f c w c t t ? f?t twfte?
t l f t t ?ttit? t i f w f:af fc?? I
Ct?t w c ? I t f t i t t t t f ? ft?*t WIWft W% t t f t C f ,
a f f f t i ( i ) Wtft?SF, wro, ffttai;- (?) t w f " W t W t f t ,
f f f trot f w (Stft ttwcf w f t ? t f c ? w I t t w t f f f
?iTsS?if wlt?tf f f t ? f t f ? Wtwt? cstf? w f t w c f if., obr, ?t., 1o, f., ibr8; ( ) W W f f , W t r o , fff.,
b?iiic? f f f f f ? w ffttc? m i w t c w c f fftw^ f ? w ffl-br; ( 8 ) t w Rff, ^SltttsTW, V i 'f., HO-b-o; (ff) Wl?tf; (b)
w t t - ^ i f w i w w f * i t f <Mff=iif' ftfe afwettet w s j f f f t w t f f t - W f ? , ftf^; (1) w t f f ' w ? ? , ftww, ? t . , b-1-feff, Rltlt
f t f tic? I i'bvo; (b-) t w Ttwt?, t R t w , RltTt 'b?V8; (fe) Massignon,
f f f i t s ( i ) C.C. Rossini, principi di Diritto Essai, ftf^; ( i o ) Pellat, Milieu basrien, fe'b 1
Consuetudinario dell' Eritrea 1916; (?) A. Ch. PeUat (E.I.^)/ c t t W ^ R f t f ?
t t w f tffCftt
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Contents
' W I R S T S N ' G A L M ( S T ) 88J. ' * I I P L S T S N S T F F W T
^srrf^t^ (s^ ^ L C ) ? ( S T ) Snnrst w t w - w m t ^ T f n - f n m , 'Snntw w t . R . , i t . , At., AAS>-OO. J A ,
wtf 'wtns I s t f j ^ (n)-'iis mm stnn fntsm ntmf i wtf (ts, o n . , i i o , A8b-, A o o - o i , 801; ( i i ) t n f n n n n e n A m f ,
n t f s (st)-'iin w t n t n f w ^sntn i 1wR wtnn cntcxi w t ^ n f n t ^ - f n w w t , t n t m t n n * m R * w t , cn>sn=f i8oo/is>vo,
w n I aftntnr f r a w t s wnt wtisn nt>snt nts nt 1 1 % R % n n i n . , ov8-v<t. A t . , 'J. A t o i - i o ; (iA) m t m f f ^ e m n , gnt^^fnn
w t t m (m)-'as ^sPttsin mm ^*pisn t f n 'wtstnatAs #wmn i f f csfimmn, Tnnst is>iA %, i t . , 'j. is>(!-1
n t f 3 ^ ( n ) w t s s t n (m)-'an ^ t n n t n stmenn fen iStwmn v 5 8 W i n ^ W F N
sttwt%T Rin tnmn at^n mm i w t W T ^ t e ^ * nseJnn mi%

'Îf^^ ^?rtft*^ (i^j ->-^) w t n - w t m f
cmn ^înew stmfin i wtf m w (m) wtmess a m sînm w m t n wtn-'wimff ( m ) S f n r n w t f wtsfnatA, â^wn stnn f c t s n t m f 1
nsRrtciini f t rnnrn f n f w w t f mnmm win-'wtmftcss nten n t m R f n A l f t m
ftjstnews n n s ntf^pA (n) * wtf ntfn (m) nnn m*s fscwg ( t f f * f f m ) f t w s w sscsn m% f n s f f e w n f R f t w s w nsfnm
'mn w t w f t f n nsfsmflenn wnn wtf n i f s (m)-'as ^ ntm n f n m ^ f n m wtcnn 1 n n n , S ^ , T W S * n n m t f m^ f c w t
FWFN
w m wmn S t f ^ tteôH ânt wtme^me^ f ^ mn nsntten, n t f f a t A (n)-'iis nft w t t s t A t w n 1

F N C N N enmn wtnm entsstnen fffsm wtfnesn, cmn ntmn tm c5n 'Smn f^tm m m n wtmess ^pisicffiiAnnsismc^ ninm
(m)-IAN
f i t m I w w g t n wtmm nnn fnc^n*ntmênn, "wtfnn wiAiess stnen 'wtfnn t s f n - m m n men w r m s t ^ 1 nen f n w r n

N F R N N
(m)-* wnn wtmcnn n w n t f f l e n n i ' w t t m (m) w n , nRT

wTsTT J H - ^ i ^ V ("cwmm Ssrenne^ w t ^
M F N - I A N I ^ J - C J I
N F N R N ntffpm: f f f ntnms ntmf w wiapi s n , "wtf^ Smenn f ^ ffnrnm" 0 0 s <!) m f n n ^sten wtmess 'wtfnn t f n
(n)-IAN
t f n R1<)<I1 (m) wtmcnn wmwn i m^îwts ( n . ) A l f s A t s n wt*n n t f ' w t nten m m n n w ^n^ s n 1 s i f f a t A ( n ) ntn^n-wmmcn
wm-wtnnifs n f t w wtmess mwv^ n w wtnw w n i m*ntw cn*nm f p ^ f w R t n m n atAt sscsn ânt sstffnenn
'wtfnn ( m ) nfn S ^ few wt-tstAt w n <fintfn'n m'Smn wwjtmen wi^ - ^ m m n t m f t ^ s w ssesn 1
(8< ft.) mmmw nnn nsesn I wnn wtmn snn fln 80 nnn I fwfn f l e n n f s w s w m f e ^ nem f ^ g "wtsinn-wmtn
N F N R N
wtf mm'wt-'an nsft wiesnnapcn 8 f t . n w m men s t f f m s . n r f w w t m n f c n w m c w f t w n w nsen m t 1" crnnn^fmn N F N R N
( n ) Ho m fptfnsw niAlfes' [ntmm fnm' (J^)ntenwRft wtms f t n t n m f s f w w t f ntsmnte^ stnn f^tfwm n % T T S c a n nsm
t t e w n l tnmn stmesn wm ntwn-'a csmn nscsn 'wtfns (m) AtsicA I m f n t f f n - f n f n n w t n - w t n m f n nft s t f f a t A ( n )
1
f l e n n wtmenn wmwn I lat n n i t n ^ ^s 'Sns'H-'as n m r n i f fs'n m w c p n ^ wtnw w n I WTATESS
m'Sm ntnss ^ cftf|en fnrnnntwnsmfn^ wtmcnn swjt w t w t f n t f n ( m ) * 'Smn ( m ) - ^ c w fwfn A i f A n'fm mnnte^ 1
s n I 'wtfnn (m)-css n a n mm wtmw w t s t c n fwfn nfnm Sênn wtmn f a ' w H f a i A t f n 'wtfnn ( m ) , 'wtnfatA t f n 'Snm ( m ) ,
g <dj I J o j j - i (wtaiAs t f n , wtfn n^pnrn ntw <t>Rniii)! mmmw 'wtnfatA t f f s - f s t n n ( m ) , w t f Snrm t f n m ^ ( m ) s t f t m s j f
MEn n n wtmn m t i f w m m>sm c t n m cnm cnn, wtme^ 1
wtmn R f 5 ^ e w A t f A n<Rt nsRrtcAn ntm f n f n n wmtm F T T F ,
csscntwtnn wtmetn fness S^tm ntste^n niff^tA ( n ) nenn, A t f A a t e ^ ^ m t m c A i

1
" c w t m n n wtmn m t n t m tflfin-'a wnwnn ^mnn Asnw 'S^nrn ( m ) n n n A ^ W N w n n 'wtfnn t f n ntf'wtess

1"
a r ^ t i t g ( i ) m % f t t f , înis.'A'n-'mwtfn', fnft fn., n f n m f t s ^ m f ^ f w n e m f w nsenn 1 f w R F N # s n n t w

W T .
A t . , < t v i , ntf n*m*ntiwn-nt#, inin "sm nt^^rnn; ( A ) t f n mwm ssfsntflenn 1 w t s m ti salens n n mm nwcn nftntcA 1 f f w m
wtn-'wmmmf, W I ^ n - M F , R,
' Z N N I W , osso; ( )
W T . M . ,
w m - f n t s f w t f 'Sntnmn n-fntnew ffn O A R. nen t f % w t
m n ^ - F N 'wtnf, ' S n m ^ - ^ t f , tnsiw, i^t., W T . R . ,
ssesn I
i > i o - i i 8 ; (8) t f n A t w m wtn-'wtn^'tmf, wtn-tntmg, fnnn a t x f #t s ( i ) t f n m'n, w t w - w t m n s T f n - f n m , 'Jssiw wr. R ,
i A v R., A t . , A<tto, ntmt 88i<t; (<t) t n n 'wtnfnn-ntnn, i t . , A80, At., iAA, (M<t,oVtoVl, i n . , 8 1 b-n., Atoi; (A)
w t n - t m f 'wm, g . t n t n m m f ^ , n . , i-s>; (to) wm-mmf, t s n A t w m wtn-'wtnns'tmf, w t n - t n t m , f n n n i o A v R . , A t . ,
wTigfftf w t n m t n - rnsrtm, ^nntw W T . R , i t . , n t t n oo; A V S ,
Aeis, ntnrt 8ob-i; ( o ) t f n w m f n n - m n n , w t n - t f f t ' w m , g .
(1) t f f n - w t f n , Snfn-ftm, cwsmn i o i i R , o n . , s>o-s>i; tmrsm AtRHnt, o n . , 8-*?; ( 8 ) wm-Ttmf, wrstftf
( V ) tnn wtn-fnmm *mn-fnmm, o n nt, 'Jsstw iiH)r f . ,
^ M F N ,
wtnmtn-msrrm, ^sntw m . R , i n . , A V 8 , ntnrt o o o i ; (<?)
n . ; i>is>, ^.
8 N . , (s>) t s n ftttn, wtn-fnt^-mntinmjt,
I A ;
t f f n w t f n , S n f n - t t m , cwAsm i o n R , 8 N . , vo-vi; (to)
wtn-wm^sm, fnnn R., o n . , i i i ; ( i o ) t f n m'n.
W T .
t s n A'Twm w m - ' w m ^ ' T M F , w r s f s ^ w - w r A n ' ^ , 'Cnntw
t n n t f ffaemn
t . F S . A / * ^
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Contents
88?
iO&ff/ife'Hff, i f . , OV% f l t J t 8 i ; ('=ij| WlW RWW,3rt?fftR f ? t f t f t w wtj ?? I ilt t t ? tfwftt? wft fttit afw-w t w
ff c f w m , inw iS)?s i f , iS)ff-S)<jj; (b-j t w fttft, iltl f t w f t l t f ? t ? t W f W t f t t ? WW fItCtltW i i f ff?f5
W t - f t W W W?-ft?tW, o t . , f I . '2tf iS)Sb- f , o f . , <jj<jj; (fe) f t W t t t t w Wfftw ?? (W?1R ffi'b/ii??) I t?t? t f ? sifttfw
t i # f W f W T f f , fWft-ffôTW, twtw t f f W ft'fW, iif ftww t f t 'Wt-tttftWft-Wtftfwt' (twt. il. il. il. f t t f ,
(?Tft iSoo/ifeb-o, i f , ?8?, ?81 I .;-r- W ^ t t # ifeob-f) fft?tWt5l ?fww W t ? I
: ..v5.S;WtfTW%I ff?8/iioo tttt W w - W t f f i ? W t t W R - W t f t ? ? i i f
wfH-^sftl^ R^rKftftfK (<iJi cii^L ^ v i ) 2 W f t ^ ? l f f f t f ? W5J T l ; f?t? W t w t f ttt?ftf?t W W f ^ w t w WRt
wf "WR-Wtf?, f f t wftft t # W , i o f5J??lt, 8feo/oi W? W 1 ? f t - f Wt, ff?8/b- wSt??, i i o o t f t t f t t t ? Wtw t f w
iofe-b I Wat f t ^ f i t ? ?WR? t t ? wtw? fttw f f ? s ?<a?t? f ? W t ? ?Jt-?lt WtJt? f 1 f ? f R ? WtltCt? fbW T I I
W t - f t W f ? fft? ( i 8 Wtw?, 8feff/b- f k t ^ , i i o i )
t? t f ? {% w t - w w m f w t t w w , W R - T t f w ) I
w t - w w w t wi?ttf t f w ftww Cttttt fC?t I f ? ? f ?o ?<lt? STffft ? ( i ) t f f t - f W t W ? , wttt? f f t ? (Masse, ? 8 - o ,
?@?;^ntwT W t - W W f I t (g.)-il? Wtw f f w ftt I ffiff/ii?i (fb-HS ( ^ f f W i t t t f ^tt f f f f f ^ R l t l f t ^ i f
t w w t - w w f i t ftwf f w t t f f ^ ft?w w , ftf 4 t f w r f W?-f8W?f f f ?fw W t ? , W f f t t ? t f ? f f f W W ? ) ;
t?wtffw f w ? W W f f w t f w f t f ^ f f ? ? I tw? f ? (?) t f f R - W t t ? , f f f t ; ( o ) t w ftRwt, R l <^ffo, ?b-o (Wf.
de Slane, o f . , 8ffff); ( 8 ) W f t - f f W (Reiske-Adler),
W t - W f ? t f ^ - W W l t t ^ (g.)-W5 t f ? ftt?tf f ? l ??; ftf ft?
ftfS; (ff) t w f t t f t , t f t ? , S t . , 'bb-osi; (b) t w W f f f t ? f
8 W W t l t , ffife/ii?fi- t w f w t f ? f ?W ?? ( f t t t w f ?
f w t f f f i t c t w ? t ) I tft t?t? f ? w? cw? f W t t f ? ? f . , o?'6/fei f t . ; (H) t w f^ftf; t?fR1?, f f f S ; (b-)
W f f f , f f T W , i t . , 8'Jsb--feo, ? t . , ib-i, ^b-fe f . ; (fe)
fttttf f?t ?? t t t , f8 '^'Îtftl? ?tWf w w t f t f W f W W ? t f ?
f f f t , ^ R f t , sprtWW ?t., i<bf.; ( i o ) H.C. Kay, Yaman,
Wtw fttft f w t t ftw? W ? ? , I f f ff?o/ii?i-oo Wtt f?ttf
its early mediaeval history, by Najm al-Din
f f f w ? W t f W ?? I W t - W t f t t t t f ? f t w w f ?
'Omarah at-Hakami, f f f 5 ; ( i i ) Rohricht, Gesch.
i ^ t t W t t t ? ftrow fts^ f f w , f ? W c t f t t m i W f f ww
d. Konigreiches Jerusalem, f t . ; ( i ^ ) R. Grousset,
W w - W W f (8feff/iioi), W t - W W f t C t ? f a i W f t f t - W w f
Histoire des Croisades, i f , f t . ( t f t W f f f W ?ib--b-8,
(afe-b/iio^), wwt-'wwtt v3 t f ? f t f t (8feViioo),
fffeVbib-); ( i o ) E. Wusten feld, Gesch, der
^ W W f t - f f f (8feb-/iio8), W t - W f R I t t ? W R m f'^
Fatimiden-Chalifen, % ?b-o f . ; ( i s ) S .
W W t t - f f f W t - ^'Rt?? (8fefe/iioff), f w W t - W W t t
Lane-Poole, A hist, of Egypt, f f f t ; ( i f f ) B. Lewis,
(ffoff/iii?) tit'^H (a-o<!s/iiio)-m c t w t f i^ctWfct?
History of the Crusades, t f W t f f W ifeff'b %, i t . ,
ftt^tw ftft^ wftttt TOfH ?5i. I ftitfw wt?ttt? ftt? f i t ftt
iib--fe; (ib) S. M. Stem, the Epistle of the Fatimid
' W R f t w w I W W R t ^ ffftftt? ft?lt iiww f f f ? t f f t
Caliph al-Amir (al-Hidaya al-Amirijya), JRAS,
'f?t? CtlWtt? t t t t ^fttW W? I W1?W-R 8fe(J-/iio? R t t t ,
ifeffo 'ij., ? o - o i ; (iH) ^ C t f f , The Succession to the
' W f W 8feViio R t t t , W t W t f ? (J-o?/iiofe R t t t ( f . Fatimid Caliph al-'Amir, f?c?R ifeffi %, ifeo f .
'WWfttJt, W t w ffo8/iiii wtt, f ? ffib-/ii?8 Rttt, i l t ? f f f..; (ib-) Bibl. to Al-Afdal, A l - M a m u n B.
f f t ? ffii/iii^ Wtt c w f t t t t t t ? ? i w t ? w 5 t t ? f ^ w a 5 i w Al-Bataihi.
?? I t w s t t ? wttw t f t f f t w f w f f R f f s c f t w I f w W ? f l
S.M. Stem (E.l.^)/ ft?tff? t H
W f f W l ? W?!^ R f t f W f f R ? t f f t t W W W I f t t f f f
f|J?ftftW I '*llPlRllJl ( 4 - j j - o U ) S W H - W t f ? t w "^ftfti?
ffi Vii? R W ?ifi? iiWfi? f?tw tfwtfw? w s p t t i l f f t (g.)-ii? t i f t ? ( w a w f ) ftt f w ? ^ f g 'w?ft-wftif
t t g t t ? t w t t w t f w w t f w t f w wttfwrfgw f f s cftt?, ftf (5.) 'wfi?-?t?'Wt (g.) I 'wt?f?-w?"Wt?? i i f f g
f W W t - W f t W|?ttfWCf f W t f t ? t f f t c w WtJ f e w I 'Wt?ft-'Wtf? W t - W t f R WJttttRtttW ( c ^ ) 'wttff t l t f ? ,
WR-wtft??'wR??ntt f t t t f w f ? f?cwct? f c t w f w f w f f w f ft?t iltl CRftW f f f 8i?-ffo/io?i-<Jji t w f t W f
t t t l ' i f f 'ttwjtf'tt?(diaspora) i i f f??f5 W t f ? R t f ? f c w 1 f w ? f ? f r ? f g 'wttft-wfttf W R - f w i f W ? (g.)
WW? I f t t f f t t ? ? f f W f W ?tfts? t f f t ? ? I t t W ^ W t ? t w w WW W W (8ffo-Vio'bi-ff) I ttttw? W t t - W f W ?
ttwitftw:t? w j f t t f t R t w ? WW W t - W f ? f t f f f t t w f f w w f w t f fstt?? ff?1w? f ? 'wtt^-ttftrcf? W W w t f ?if?
ttwf ff'^tCflt
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Contents
880 wtn-'wlRft
tnn 'wT#n-'wt% wienfnntew 8tob--8iv/ i o i c j - i o b - c ? nn WWJ^fwmmen atAt m I oio/S)iro n e ^ fness iwR ^jstmn
a s
nn cnt ttnn , w n i ctcnt^ ntnn t^slt wff n t w n f a ffism wtcnn, cntttcn iwR < a ^ a t ^ mntf S f n wtfn-A'nmn
(tfn w t f nifn)-ian f n # stc^^^mfwt cn^nr An wtn-'Swfc^ (f. w t f oiVi^b-A) Stn'f 1 wtn m^
w n
tcncmc InsAPm^ win-nntncnn pc\^'si wr^wtn wien (wtn* fttnm 'i)<K(t/^\r(t-^ nen nMt 1 wm-'wifnf
w n m**ntn, a i
R t n fnnnctn wm witcnfnnt etn^ g.) i îit nsjtn fnnft ob-i/to wtfntf, nten fttfen tniwnstn nscsn i
S)S)A
ni<8nl%nn ncnr fntnt^ * fwTwtn s o i / i o i o - i nn ^ste ww wtn-'wtfnft wtms f ^ j n nta ^ n t n n f e f n f ^

Rcnn wm jicnlnsi ttnn <tR?tifAcn't ântfwiItH- wtn-'wtfnt fsswtfn-wtmn 'wtmn-wtmn (mîft, tt|n Servih, 1 7 9
(g.) Denia * Balearic) fftfc^'n tl-îWl '^mRcnn i E. K. Rowson-'ijn n t ^ t stnstctn wctnsm wtcA) aje^ ^ a ^
C F . Seybold (E.I.2)/f.wtn5nnt^ wtRt^ imn nsRntein, ntAtDin nem mmt af^ latns fnrnmn wtei
ninrn wtmrnnI ntt m t # R af^fssmfn-tsnis *ntn-fsnin
'mtfnil {i_gjû) 8 wrfft ncA, cnnit niitc^j msnt^n
( m # f t , mm, wmfRmt R'ssm S)b-), wftmn mtef fti^
nmA^ stm mess, wfrn-ân m^ Sterna 'wiRcnn mm,
af^-tnssTfn-nttm fnmn-wmn *ntn-^tmn * wtw-wtns-ffn
nRjn liieênn nnit ^jtênn wmwn, cnmrntmr srm A I O O O
fn*Wt*ilfsw-wt^fn (âwi m"fnf^, Princeton 2163
(ff&t liiew^, iiS)8to f . ) I fnmn mfn (Dhala)-ew nnntn
(393 B) ânt m^^finns f i ^ stentet tnntenn n n ' f e fnf^tw at^
w n I tm tmmn %m * titî<5i<i etm i o mtn nf^n
f f m f n - f m n R-mnf%1nn-tnmn (mm. a . Ghurab, mm
wtmn fwme'pn nf^t-fn men w n f ^ m^ cmt tAn i Von
i S ) t o i f.) I wtemw wtfnnstitcw wtmn âfne^mtfn wtnj ntn
Maltzan-iiin new t i f f n mcnn stemt f cntft * Smn
tlwntCA 1 wniem fwnft menjn ( O n the categories.
niw*ii% (fnnm t t f ^ ) stfft 1^ m, nnt ttnnnw fnwtenn si%*
Posterior Analytics, and De Anima) Seat fwR w m
^ I fwR flenn stten tntnte^ n t n f tmnenn mm mnff i
^ nsfnrnem 1 w f n ^ S^ wtfnmn f f n ffn-m'wtfnfnn-
t n n f nncn fR f%we^ m f n nRm cmnm ^^fnntflenn lant fnw
tntitsjm* (tt#tft, tt|n Esat Ef. 1933) Seat ntt ntm
wnsnfSew tif%-^ttnm tfnent f i t ^^fnntflenn i iS)o8 % f i t t
wfsfnmt fnnnns af^ lant ntAtcw fntjtw af^ fnswf<pt-ttsRn-niAn
nnmcnn nftw -gR m^înw An iS)88 i lacsn nnmens
(mtftnwmm Liber de.causls nten tRfbw)-ias- < a ^ f A t
nfto litss Steîtt ^ ntm Sms .f=fm mRw An i liit wfstf
w t t tmfsw nsm AtslcA I w t s â-^ ar^ fnswtfn-m'wtm
wtinenn Stwrfn n^Rtftfe^ stf^t cnam AS i mint^ lansit
*ntn-tn'wm (Facs, m t t , M. Mlnovl, Wiesbaden
^ mnR^ fnmn wswnt c ^ sftstcA i 'amen m^ stttR^
iS)(?i-b- ^.)-* nsnw w t n - ' w t f ^ nfSw a f ^ m ^ w ^ ^ 1
Rhjins wtcA 1 tmn manttjt te (torn i
wtn-'^lRf s n4t S ' ^ S ' t i nrn-tutetrntn* -atRcîtt'iic'is gt#tw
st^tiif 8 ( i ) Von Maltzan, Reise, f. o(?o t . ( f <
ntfnstt ftms niinii(s<is Rnssi*ntnA (g.) stft n f f n
l a n f S m
fmnA); (A) "wmf^mnfm (Wjrman Buiy), The Land
nbnrn srmf^ nwntcnnt e a t f ^ 1 ff?, s f n stfwiten m ^
of Uz, i s . i i f . , i l t.; (o) wtntf ^ f n ^ atnc^ S f i f ^
we^ntess f R f ^ sffsmn nsstt wtmn fnetn smm nRm ncn I a s
nntwnfAi
f n m ate^ fwR 'wtRmttcss fsntew mftnteAn, ffmen m ^ *
O. Lofgren (E.I.2)/f. wtnfn m^H
tnmne^ l a e ^ wtcnn fnemf nen nssm tfnnew n^fgnsntet cnm
^ - ' ^ s r t M t ( ^ ^ . . O L L J I ) 8 w t f n - m i m n f A i m n t n n f f T F mtcw tten 1 wmtm nenn Stn tnntenn caji^ m^*fRns
nf^t^, stmnw tmem mm ^^Rewn i fwR 8 f / ion t w r f n stisFnm sjsAis mm fwR wtms lat nj^csm sjttjt stmn w 1 n
sttnwiet fntmen wmsttt nscsn i wtm ffntjtw ^ t t n i f f * wfsitmen'wtmn'afe^ t n w t n t f f o lass wtemsmn *

nf^fRf wtf ntsn wtn-ntnf (g. wtn-mnf)-n fnf& fsmt 9m n f n nwntness lansai nsenn lant 'wtRmtetn w m ^ nT*finssens
w n I wtf. ^(i<t/>>'b<ii n n t t e w ssens? ntnn fwR rnn-âlansf&stttfnns (ântfsfZssifnwfn^) tfnfsiw* Sme stmn nsm
>iiFaslfA^ w n mi wtm f*nlnf S f n wtfn-ntn"n t f n AS I tntlcMS stfw lat w t e t t n f n ^ nentwm cnt <^fweAm
w t n - ' w t f n w t f a * S w t f n ^ wtfn-ntwA'->an <j^trswt mntesst ncb^'tîes nwm m t m smtmsmit ntm wm-'wiRfs
mw nscsn [g. tffn-'wiftnl i wtn-'wtfnf wn f t i ^ mtmn ft^ wm-nmf * wtms wm-fssnf (g); Swcss mm fRw
qnt w n , mm o ^ o / s i i o - i m\ f^flssts 0^8/^.18nen 1 ^nti^ I
cnttcn fwR w t m f n we^ms e^tw^tfn <^%#fn n t ^ m w nscsn 1 wm-'wtfnfn- tjtiwnt^ mm 9m flenn t f n ftmr (g.)
fni55^.^<Qftfn new wtmess w n t l ^ mcnf^ cm^ ncn -mnm <ant tnnf nstenn nffenn %tn wtAm stwm wfw mntm f l n
t n n t f R^cssm
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888 'Wftt
tftrar wfft T I 1 t t t f w ftft wt-'wftfft f ^ w i f i t t w t tfffW, f f t c t t ife8i t-, % i i ^ ; c t f f . Documents

ftifttt w?s f w t , iwt strict? W l 'wftfft t r f sur ladiplomatle musulmane ife8i t-, % *bo, ?i?;
t t ft^ ffltr fttit? I W - w f t f f , Annales, it., ilffb-, ifefefe-?oob-Wt-ffWf,
5rt*f# 8 ( i ) Wf?t?ITH W w - w f e f t f , Wtt1ft->st1^?lt'I, Wt-fWfft-tttffW, it., ?80, W f f f f , f f W f t - t t W W i
t w t . m . W-1t#, t i f t f f ilobd t-, t . ; 8io f., 88^^ f W f ioo? ft., % 8<b f . ) I f l t t t f t 'WfftCf ttf1? te,ffff
t . -9 (?) c t t f , W t - f f T t I t T , t w t . ilts. w t - t t f ^ , f e w f t f f t C t t W i f Wtwt f W t WW C f t t f W ? t ? t f l
f f t c t t ife?! ftft; ( o ) 1^ C t t f , W t - t t W ' W t - f W W W , ( W t - f t W f , it., ?ffff) I
f W f t - t w f f f t - i i ? w t t f t e t 'wfft wttat f c t c f ?
t w t . if. w f t ^s w ? ' t t t w t - w ? R , '2tf5 ifeffo t-; (8)
t f f ? W f t t t f f w f ?J?T5 ^ (Wt-T?tf, it., ^b/bd,
fWtwt wt-ftr'wtwf, ftfcw^-ftrfw, t w t . w ? t t t ttwt^,
^. ?feoo, ^. ?feO'b ?fe88; T f f f W ? 1. ?88) I t t f ? (W)-il?
C?tft, ifet8 f , b-? t . , o o t f . ; (ff) t t t f w , Wt-WW,
f t t t t t e t twef? 'wffftet? t e t i f t c i f f f t?? f f f ffft
ftww iOfft/ifebr, ^'Ti; (b) W'f, tww, it., 8 i i t . ; ( t )
fletfttf cwwtjw^s ?tcôH ii?i f ^ w t ?5? ftttatftf w w ^
W t - f f f , ff'SWft-^sWfftf^, WW. m . W t f t - ? l f t , ffww
f l e t t ( W f f f f , ?o f . W i t - W W f ' f , w t t w t , fft., ?fe) I
ifeffi ^t-, (b-) M. Minovi f f S f < f f t i t s
t ^ w ? (W)-ii? f c t ffffw? c f - W f t f f t t t c f 'wffft ?w
W t - t f W t t - t f t f f t J t , in Revue de la faculte des
?t?iift'=i (w-i?ff, it., ooffb-) I ft?tw -s fwttt w w t f t f ^
lettres de 1, Universite de Tehran, 8t./o (ifeff"H),
cww f W t f t t , ?t?tet? f t t ? f t w ?5? wtw? f?f, iwct?ef
^!30-br'^;Brocklemann, S 1, 188, feffb-, fe-bi; (fe) F.
' W f f t t W ^5t (Wt-Ttff, if., ooffb", oobr?-oob-<=i; Wtf
Rosenthal, State and Religion According to Abu
f f f , ^.fffe)I
1'- Hasan al- Amiri in IQ, o t . , (ifeff>b), 8?-ff?; ( i o )
ttftit f c t ' w m f e t ? f t t ffcf t ? f f f f f f f c t ?
M. Arkoun, Logocentrisme et verite religieuse
cwe3t ' W f f t f f t ^ # 0 ? ffs? t? fftc?? WW ?T?T5
dans la pensee islamique dipres al- 1 'lam
^tc f t c f I t t t t t f c t ' W f f t f t e f t e t f f f t?? w f w ?
bi-manakib al-islam d'al-Amiri.in Stud.Is, off
HICttCfS ftnt (Wt-1ttf, ?t., i8b-i W t t - t t W f f , fff.,
(ifei?), ff-ff?; ( i i ) M. Allard.Un philosophe
?10; w t t - f t f , Wt-tW, 1. 'bO, -bff) I t t ? ?tW5' f f W t C f
theologlen, Muhammad b. Yusuf al-'Amiri, in
w?Ttw f f t t f f f f f w t tte ' ^ t f f W t t t t? 'Wfftet?
RHR, i V t (ifelff % ) , ff1-(bfej
fffwtt, ffettwet forest? w w t t f ? w f ffwet? f f f s t t c f ? f t f
E.K. Rowson (E.I.^ Suppl.)/ f . W t f t t f ^
f t w c t tj??tc?? f ? t w c t w w? I ?w f f t c ? (wt-ffsf,
*^5rtf5iw (j-oU) s t . t . t w t (jUut) wf f f f f w f f io-iff, b-8), t t t c f (wf-T?tf, ?t., iooff) w t w fatwc?
t w t t t I ' W t f t f f ^tC f f T O f ftcfW 'WftR f f t i l t t (Wt-1?ff, ?t., i?ff^b, i8ffb-) I t f t 'WtfttCf t i f f t mi
f t t W C t ? WW wt? ??i ftft f t ttt?tct? ftcfpf f f c w t w f t f wtw f C W f ? f f ? f f f ^ fffc? ( w t t - f f f , 1o-1ff;
w t t f f t w t t c f t I f f t f f f t s f cwcat 'Wftft ( t . t . W - W t W f , ? f . , iooff, iOff-b) I fff^ cwtt? f ?
'tWW)-il? t f t W W t tft t f w t w f W%?f 'StWSf ftctw w f W ? f t f t t t e f Q t w t ?w c?t? Cft? Cftt f f t f ?
ftwct WtT ? t I fttt t f % f t f t W t t t ' W f t t f C R t ftc^ w i f Papyr-C CtW t t ? (5. A. Grohuan. Arabic Papyri
tfcf s (i) c w t w i f w f w t w (fWttw w fffw) ctw? in the Egyptian Library, o f . , i?f. i?i 1. i o i ) 1
f f % f w t w t f f f W ? f f ? t f t f ; . (?) t t f t f f f f f W t t t ? t f ? 'wtfft-'wf? (?) f5fi? wfftet? wwftt t i ? i ^ f
t W f f f f f , fteft f f t w f t W W T f f f f ; CfCtt^ w f i l t f f t Wffmc?? f c t t ? ff?1iT f f f W C W (Wt-T?lf, o f . , iO'b'b) I
t f t f c f f W W t W # t - i l Wt? ?t?lC? ( O i - l - L j L J I j ) t f f 8 f f t w c ? W t f f t t t wtttt W f t f f t ^tc? (f. -f., ^. i18fe);
f f t t t t f t W W t t f t w W fC? w t I t f f f f t ( t ) W f t e?wwtw f c t c f f f f t t w f t f f t t? t f w ? tte
CfiajtfC? W fttatt f t ilWfltfC? f t f t W R ? f f f ^ 'J^C Wtft 'Wftft ffettf f W ^ ( W f ?1W?, Les Tulunldes, f
(S. Wff) W f f t t C t ? ftft ^tC t t w w ( f ? ) w t t t f t H ?io, ?8b-); Cft? CW? t t ? w t W t f f t f f e w f i t ' W f f t fffS5
WW f f ^ t f f f f t t f ftc5iff f f t w f t c w t I f r e t ? t t j ^tc ff?t? f f f w ( w f w - w t w f , ? t . , i8b-i, 'wtffft-WW?) I i i f fte?
fI?tfS t f t WWStftf W t f t f wfff wff ^5t (? i f istk, w f f f t - t w t t f w f t f t f f f t ftte?? t e r t ?ft?te? (wt-T?if,
wtt-^wWtf t-ffttftmrt ft-'wtrft-wwf ^wt- ffwftf?- of, ilSo) 1
ttwf ftfcft?
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'wrnfif fcts R w s 'wtfnn nfte srtwl^ nnn (tf^-mm, wtn-ffTnstwt, m m . wtA'ntn w t f n * win-wtfnn, f.
fsrtt (wtn-wtAl%!tt, wtn-Sntnt, w r a t %, ios, 10 n.) I fnness 'Ftfwf n#sstenn "wtfnnenn nsn nnen^n
ios>, wtn-ntntf"ft, <TT., 8 O A ) I fnntisn "wtlnn-t ntntw ^^RiwnmR'n * ftfsn"tn (ntns'ff, tf%'wtw', f . iis>; f^twiw,
( w wtntnmff) ntntnlw ntnntwn c^#n nnnns fnf<? ^tnw s n . , 11 n.) I wtgjfenn "wttnnnctn ntcf* ât mssm n f ^
(wtn-nt^-ftf, w t n - f f a t w , in.,- i<?) i sfn* cm cm nnn (tffn-nimft, m*ntffn-m*ntn^, ntt. "wtfn fsntn "wtR'nrt,
twnnw 'f'f ^^nwt stntn w ^ (wH-ff#, % i A o , iA(f), ^. o o o ) 1 n t n f ^ tin-tS'icn ^ t f n "Smn wfte, "Sm^n-Rrtn
wsitf^ lit nffmstit cwntn w wtntnn#tnn wni w R w n ninA^ attenn wfrnrtn m ^ t f n f f f f f -stewn (A. N . PoUak,
(?tnn wtnnt fnnt mff, 'wtfnn-Swt (ntmtfn-fntm, Feudalism, f . 8*, ttm i , f . 8% ffm i ) i ntntfcnnntcf
mm., fnn.'wt^, on., soo), '^mfn-m*ntn (m-snm g.l g. msff, ntnfn-wtnntn, mt^ is>(?i (?i; mnntfcnn
wtn-wtAf^'tntft, f. i o 8 ) , Smn-S-mmw (<^, ô, A O O ) , n t c f g. f f s f t f "wtntf, mmn nrmm, sb-; mm^fcnn n t c f
iwncsn "wtfnnnn * tAcnn 'wtlnnnn (win-ff#, i^s, A O O ; g. f n w i f n - f n s s , tnntntw nrniA, Ab; mnf, nngnmmA, f .
ntmtfn-fntm, on., WS) i i A i ; f n m f n t c f wtnttf * wtss-csstfnfcnn n t e f s-.
fffn m5,</ntn tmff n< "wtfnn mmntw mw^ fnrnetn ^ * n T s f , w t f n-t wtmn attn. A t . , o o ; v . tVIlnorsky, in
<t>vrWiw fmts.i stti?tf*t^ îf ws nRs lawtn "wttsin mffs BSOAS* <n.,^<?o; A.K.S. Lambton Landlord and
(wtn-ntft, Smm*, f. ic^^) >ijnt wtftn 'wtfnn âwrtcn ^^fnen Peasant in Persia, % i o A 1.; wtSfftcns n t c f g.
ciins siF^w wnn stmet wTAtwn -^nm A I W ^fntttn m*ntmfn,mn^, f . ii<; n t s s t f c n n n t c f g. iviinorsky,
(tnfn-wtfn, b-n., i^c? ^.) i ^tfn "Smn Cwtfnn fmw, wtn'ffm, n a 1(2-n. -stew l^ns, bASs-t; Lambton, f. i i t o i
'wtfnn-wtnfw, 'wtfnn-ntRm) ffn Spn, ens njn?t nfSra mm, f n i n n tsew stnen ""wtfnn ntnew mmnt stttnenn mfne^
ntw? wtmn litntfnw fnw liinTmn wtn-nrcnn ftmn tmi?tn mfnt:'^ fncmfw n w ^ e ^ fntitw i nnnff'men l a t t ^ cAf5 cAt^ cwm
fnartfww mffewn (wtn-mft, 1. i i , iô, oio, oib-; ntw? Wtmn^tftCfrness fnent ^^ffs (IVIoreland, Agrarian
fnnm^ntnA, Eclipse [wtwtfnfn-Sntnl, i t . , A I n. * At., A O ; System of India, f . A i o ; Lybyer, Ottoman
wtn-mft, wtn-ntnttn = Letters, mm. wtantntn, % A i i ) i Government, f: AS>8) i
tn^ffwten liinn R f "wttnn-iiin Segn* nt'sm ntn ntmenn ff?^ "S^mf ^ ! t n "wtfnn t ^ ntw? wtmsnstf twtmmnnetn
fnetn nnew fnemn w t ^ mi ât mfn^ 5 ntw? n?aFi tin CTOJ sjSAts ^^R I t f ^ nen nsnn* nsnn* stent'sRn fn^
m I cnnn 'wtfnn fwtfnn ntmn tnn^mftcn ffnrn ffmn mtfw tntenn ntw? wtntnmftenn cnseaj n m A w Atew mess
(fnnm*ntnA, i t . , io^; ntntw-'an ntt n t f v F , At., A S > ) ; (IVIantran * Sauvaget, Reglements fiscaux
"wtfnn ntnitnA", nsntn^w fm ftfw mff^^ (At., sv) wnm Ottomans, f. A o ) i
wtfnn wtAAtm, wtf^R simncnn mfn^ (f#, wtftn,f. isjj) i fnfnn wtRm * c t e n Smmt fcns f f w f R s f b f ^
n^nn* ^nn* ntwmftcw stmn 'wttncnn mcnn (nttn) wtAtn me^ mi 'wtfnn nffmmft stenetn nwfs m S^^ tntens
stfwRm? ^fnw (fnnm^ninA, it., O A 8 ) I stttnessn w m S T S A W A S fnfn mmsn stttnn * mw? Swcss
ntmm tnntenn n^mwa wttn (wtn-wtA'W^-fnwtfnmt) mfne^ mffewn i (wrmfenn) Sntnrt f^tmwwn ctn wnfn >at
mmcf at^nmn^^fnnTc^wtstm 'Smnmn^ fnwt mfnw ftR st^fnw me^ ( t n n tntf, wtn-msifn-fn'fnn, ^ ; E .
AtstcA nRm sfnrn ntntcAn i nm wtn-m-smnf * wtf m'm i Levi-Provencal, Histoire de I ' E s p a g n e
wtmm %nw m ^V'^\< wRn^tft stenetn nwnst * fnetn mfnu^ musuknane, i t . , ^ A ) I
fnf^ 'wttnnnctn ncm msf^ w n i stenetn "wtlnnc^ n%Ft m af^t^ 8 fnne^ Sfif^tw nnt n i # 5 wtn* g. ( i ) Dozy,
Sfts m nwns fnf^ nsfnewn mx sftentt^ nwfs wnm 'wtfnn Supplement, "Wtfnn; (A) A. IVIez, Renaaissance des
cstnts "wtfnn fsf^ n^ff? ttR^sn i Islams; (o)f*ntn^nnif, in L^, "wtfnn g. (ctnfctn
mffn ntwnttnfCAs fcn* ntmm nfnn^ nAsncs S^ nwR wm fnetn fmntn) i
A. A. Duri (E.i.2)/cntstcsn wtAnn
st#iw mess I fnnesn mffn-^ffft * t n f f ttnsssctn ^mmfn
iani<Pis ntw? wtmsnstftens wRssttt tin tfnit (mft Aint*t, Les wrlfsTPf (j_.u) 8 wtnf, n.n. JÎJM^ tms ttt%^ w <
Tulunides, f. Aio, Ab8; ^mf^, The Ikhshldlds, f. f5i.si<Mf wnm stwfn ffSs^tf i "wrsf nitnsnenn tffmmn
ioto n.) I 'wttnfn-m'Sm, w^ftt ffnt stmenn Scan sftnteA 'wt^mfnn mm ânn n n n^tnt nt stmness frnn mmn tfncsiRt-
tnntf ffscmn
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88b
' w m t t R t t t t f t WTtft cfct? ^??ftT ftfft T I I t t t c t w fcRt j-oLc f f f ff?w) I ftsf ilt wtft? (^jjui-o j - u - c f tr
C f t tC< t t t t l t w 'Cff' -^^tt (^j) f t "ft?' ( U L k i J 'wtftR ttc '{tf ?s?t t ? f f ? ; Cfttt ?^ffcf? fftcffwew
^ j , . ^ - . . L ^ ) tf 'ct?' (^j,<;n l . . . ^ L L L U ) ? t t I t w Wftff f f ro I tro?ff?if, 'stttftffftt 2_. ^ ...151 ^-v-ii?
t i t f t i t t t c w f^ftt lilt t J t r f t t s w f ( f t f t f f t -'Wfttt, 'wtttt j i l j t e ^ f t ? ? t f i e f ? , R t r o Jûffctf twwta? I
f t f fttW)lf^tttC?l o j ^ l J . ^ f f f ft ? (i) ftfftf tffwttTtfwt f f R , RWt.

(Sprenger, ^. iose; (?) wit-is[?Wtf, ffswffW-W'fffw,
^1 ^ U > 1 < ^ ^ C i " i l f t t f WtT i l t s f t t f t t f t
RWt. Flugel, iffo; (o) 'wt?fR-fTft? Wlt-W?Wlf,
ftl^ f f f f f f t f t C ? i l t l t r e w Cftt f o t ^ ^ t f t C T t f C t t t
fft^-'WfWffftR-ffwt, WW". Erpenius; ( 8 ) 'wf?ft-Wf
f t t t t i c ? " ( f t t W f t - t t f t t ' , ?t., ofeo f . I i l t 'Wfftft f W
wf?'tt w t f , Wtft-tWW, WfwtfT io?fe ft.; (ff) t w
ftptt f t ^ f t c f ( t t t j^j -il j) f f t cfff^
wt^, tfWft-'wtro, 'wttit f f f ff?w; (b) t?ft-wf??ff,
^ttfc?, >_i_^ ftraf? f w f t ? f ( j i U i ) ?ti? f f t e t I fw. WlR?1?^-'Wl?Tff?Tf, wtfff ifeffi %; (1) tw ^tWt, ft??"
ftRftttW ftCftJ wtttt f W ttCttJ t t t f ttCf ( i f t fc, t r f
'Sftft-ftro f f ' wfffftw ffRtftR-'wtro, ff?e?f I
i i w t f f f '^ct t f T c t t 'wt^tttttticf ttr f t f t f f ) i l t l f w
G. Well (E.I^, W. W. t.)/il. iR. ilt. tl?ff<l ??tR.fiJ3t
wtra(ij_^)'^?ff ttcf 1 t f f c t f t W f f f , ( i j i ^ j_^)fw
t t t f t f (4_i_uaLi Wftt tttftf ( 3 - 0 ^ J J - ^ )
wrrBT-'wrrfSf^ ( ^ u j o f?-twttw^Rit?w?ttft,
t w n f t (ttttft-'wtttt, 'wtttt t t t w ) I ftf Wt WW^,feWi<?81tc? W t ? t f C ? ? iltl ioOo/i-bAi
tttt ' w i f j t - f t t t ? wtt-^fsftf? tcw (ftt^'f-fT?ff

tc? t f W f f t fC?? itff ffft^fttc? 'wf?f ?t?fc fCtftfW
t t - t t W l t w "Wfttt, Iff, f . io 'Wf'Q?fttCt? CtfB tltJt iff

ff ? 5 W fet? I w?ttf wtwt 'wttfw (ftitfw) ^c t f f fttti
ctcf ftw? fc?? ir?i ftR3Fct w?t? f t ? 'Wftro?? ftttc?
f w I t r e t ? t e t r C f R c f f t t t f f t R f wsft, 5*115 wtftc?
lilf twff W Rtw fC?t I fr? tffe ffWtw? tcw
f f t t f w T I ; i i t s t t tsRjf t ? c f f wt?t w?i??icf ? T ? T S T 3 I wttt?
^5t1t-ffffR' (fwwt? f f t f ) Wtf ttw Rift? t f g W t I i t
c t w C f R 'wtttt Wt??tbf ((^JJLJL.,) ^ ? t ftCf w f e , f t t t t f
f f ttw ftc5T w t r o f w TI I fft "wtcf ' w f t f f WCt f w
t w t ? w T I t t ; ??l w f t f B W f c ? tr? WtfR t t f t t C??t T t I
f f f Ttfta? trttn? iifftft ?wt fc?? I t r Wft osfiffttfwf
( c t t ? 'Wf?f ?Tff?Ct? i l t t t t t ct, Cfff?f
wifffa tftct-a f f f ? f f ?bw fc?? I iifw? f t t f w r o
? t C ? I R f t fÛi j i l t ttCfT C f f t t t f t f 'wtftt - f t r f f t twc? fft.'ro >sw WR^w wet iffttft WWtf fttfw
f i r f f t t ^j^'Q wT?twtc? tr? tftftw ttttt t?t T I I ffftw W fc?? I tet (Ethe)-ii? te tW wtWff? t i f ?
Wt^tfftt ^ 3?t?S (i) t t t t ^ (?) f f t t f 1 'WfttR Rtft^ w f f i w w t f ? ^ # W ^ f ftetffe?? I f t f t ? ' W t f f r o f^
'Wf??CW f f f t ^tcw i l t t i f ?t*ilc? ct, 'wttt ( j _ ^ ) iiw WWtf stffift w fftffe I
i l f t t w t l ? ?t?t ^ l - C f Ct3 R R fC? w f f i t t t jjj^ T I il?l fff ft S ( i ) ftt't^l, ' ? p f t R l f R - W t r o , f., 8 8 0 - i ; (?) I.
^ viltt iift W?T? ttr .^^-Cf ??? t t t fC? W f t i Goldziher, SBAK, Wien Phil-hist.; 01., I l r t.,
_ J - ' fC?, f f f t r ? t t t t t c ? t t , ^^gir. -il? o j j - * ^ 8ffb-fe;
row (o) Brockelmann, ?t., 8 i 8 , fftfft ?, fffeff; ( 8 )
w?r?t j ^ i - c f c ? ? r o f t f c ? w t f -ii? j,jj-ii? Rft Ethe. the Gr. I. Ph. 301.
Wfttt j_ j L ^ - c f t t ? R R f f t e t I f f ' f f f 'wtftiet? w f s (E.I.2)/tf<piwt?tt
'wtttct? ftft w t t f o f f w f t , v_. iift jjLJ ttr f ? ' w m ^ (j.^,.^f) s 'wt?f, tw wwf-fittTf ffttc?
jxU-cf Cff 0 - c f ??? Rt? fc? I f?ti t r " ^ e ffe?tfww t ^ f t f f ^ f e t ? tffft I f w e t ? ftwfttf?
fftIR ffftt ? R t Tl, R f R Jji_i f t J^cUi-Cf C f f iltl Wftsfct? t^?tfffff R t t ^ ?lW?lf fwet? RtftWI Rf3 ilt
JJJULJC-C^ ? ? ? f t ? fffe? (tltftW-tRTtt, ?f., ?SiO) I tfttff&? ?Ttro R f r o t fc?? I 'wtft f f t ffwfcw ctw
i i f f 'Wftfct? tetrfeb-tt'witft Ûii_ ttat ftf^ 'wtftt ffcft f e w wtff fa^ttfWf ftftt w; c? f f f f cjff itc
(_5jjLa_o ^ u i i 'Wftfct? tetr S)ift 'wffft tttf^ ii?iRift ctRittff tw??, 'Wfft (Wttff tw^, Rtwt, ff?w te?) ffettt
'witft ffttf (ft?^-fr??'ft-ffwtt'Wftft, % io-io) I fW ^ (.ft Cf f e f ftftr I fffs- t f f t - w f f (tf?wtf?-
f f tjtro i t ct, wf?f ?irf?et ft?*t "wtftR t r tttt T I WWt, frgffff, fltttR iff00 [., ifeo v.), WStf *wlff twfg
(s. wrt-ttttfftf I wisT-fftt^tt-Rft, t t t t a 'Wffft j i ~.~\ f f f ? ? ^ t t t f f c t ? I t f 3 R - W f c ? ? t 1 C f ttffo iift l?-MC^-st
t t w f ftwt
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'Wlfn wn1# fflft 881
n<nH niAiwj W f i ^ t m m n nrnntrnn 'wrffnte'tn fnwtetn f t m n n ^ ) :ten fnemt w t An M t nnen fwR ftn
c t m - # s w t R m n R # f t m w f > r a t wtnsn I c w c ^ t w n n mtn^ t t n n nsenn ttAntm f s i w - ' a n w f c n fntn t n m i f nsten
t n ^tc mnnn nn* 'wtfn Sntfn ntnt tinRs ^ c w n i tm-t t t f n nten ttnfsw ntw nsenn i
^ t m n t n nmn ntn^ns wtnenn mm fstfnw n i R ^ 'wifn-'^n f *mn mnten wnf<3, f f ? nmfctn RR^ w r
wtfn-fntntn f A t m n t f n mnfn wtn-mmft t f n mRrnn-'an n ? f n n * wmtm ntfti w ^ s f i t n m n as, in/iot twtftew fnft
n"=int Wfnten f*ntnttn wtnenn liiwin f f l n t n Sftn tffn-'wtfn ntnwtmew fwfn ânswn sttit <pfn flenn mi t e m - n t n f
t t m n Smfn ê f t n mn 2it<3 ^^milcnn I mitcojs Spen wnmn ntf^ f^mtcAn i wtsm w r ^te lat
n^tên Barthold (^sR^tn, AAfi)) aimt nnte^, mmf n]1tfitflnmnsn, R R ttmns'm#t wfn^ flenn ntAm Sfttm
* mnntf mnntnen niftfn-niftnenn Smfn %f "wtf^-fn^ I * s t s ^ t|i?R tmt f*tAtf^ cntsm*ntf (f. (jvi/iicsi) i
mmnfn 'fnrn^-nrtnn ste^* fnR^ wfesên t m nnR wtsm nnmnfnns wm ^^Rmn wfnmtetn m m 'wtfn fnw
stmeA I ^ n i n n c^t-m Rmtw S f n "wtffn-fnns w t n - f n f f ^wm ^mfm nncrnn <pfn flenn mi wtsm wtw nsfnwm#n
nsnw wtmn cnm #nn âtment ^'^ ^^fnntRegn i nsnw wfnmttt tmnsswt, ntwmn'f * nm <ijf*e^TS sftmm nf&w
wtmenn nten^'wtfn SmRtSfnnt* mnmn'^fnen, ffnmtw- tin I WtAm nstm f t l n f c s n nem m^ w t n # ' m ntmew stiwft
wtnmf cmn An tmn m^ f t i ( t f n nnnntn, ed. new t n ^ t f n n T f s An, f t i t ttnrn * m^ Atnn
Kratchkovsky, 197b) i (nnt^ nsffm) w ^ nftntcAi Ssfenn'Snf^tgi t i n nnnwt, *
f^ntnfn^ttnntnen "wrfn SmRt f^ wtnnen cm^tew m*m ntn#nm, f S w fwm? * nsm-tt^n cnt^ i wtmn Amfnmiw
ntn I csnn 'wiffn-m*m, 'wtf^^, 'wif nn-^stft tmtin i [nstmtten Rf%w i<imfA (5. Atntnm)] n m f f n w t t t n n f e A s
n^/nmt trnf) tf SttRt, m^ R mtmen* nnn nnn stfw wmtn Stn wtentssttw w 1 ât stne^f fnt%wmcn n m nm
tfnnRw ^ I R f ntnfnns m n ^ t t ^ w ^ ntn cnmnlnns , Al-ifs t m t wtnm->iin ttntenn m m wtmn tmrnnfA* tnnff
w t e w R ? ^ wftntntsR ^jf stew mRn w t n SttRtn nsten ttrnn-ian wntstnw t t Sfp? ^tnm Sme^ îinsft ? w a
sjsAls* R m ^ m t R n i cmwnn wmen tmn mnAtn cntt WJ-ttttntct 2tfwf%w nsen I
ntnnlt i st^t^ 8 ( i ) 'wtnfn-^tfnn ntmff, fnmttfw-m*mft,
w m cmn f n t n n cnet tmn sitAls metmfnw AtsicA ntnm i t . , Bibl. Ind. edn. n t n w t itrtos. (A) Wntnfsntft
cmn s n m; wen cssnn tntn * Snm n?f^ n t w t n r n ^ ^ i t n m r n f , fInfn-wtAmm, tr; mfn t m w n?tA, m*mm wtntn
sn^t^ s n r n ^ - f f * m n ^ mftewin nn tRmn, f n ar^tm, 'wt#tw; (0) wtftnsrf, f n m T i n - w m ' w , tts, fm
ttnemn t a n?tA * w j n w - m f A ; Lane-ian ^'itnf i mtt mt?af, mtm; ( 8 ) ?mmn wtwf, WAtsf-t wimnff, n*n
C L . Cahen (E.1.2)/^nnnntA<gnnA5nn Retm nt.; (a) tssnm-A'ntnn, The Early Persian Poets
wrtffTf ^|5rr#t ^ ^ n f t ( ^ i ^ ^ - ^ ^ o . ^ ) s. of India, tf5m itsol %; (to) ntRm wtsmm, 'wtfn înt^f
m*ntwt (ttwt) 'wiffn-fn nntn^n-fnns f n t n n winen mm f f t f , t f w *m ntwm (StCJantfnns), weltnn itstos, wt#tw
nsRti twtn.fnm tAcswmstAt^tnnttlennmmm^menwtnfn fntnn ff#mtnn, w t f t w I
m w stenetn tttwntm cwnin wnf^ I >attAntt in/iottwe^ l.H. Siddiqui (E.l^.)/ f A t ^ t n t f f n
t n n t f n ; ^ * wm-tnwm w t n ansft c^gntet wttnws sn i TO-'Î^^ ( ^ i j n . i i ) 8nmsf^wtfminnfmw

'wtfn tnwe^ f n t f * ^sntft Swn men wtwftw ^^fnewn i w t t f n fAimn wm-ntntnî#, âssistn A i m f t ' W f A i f . ^^mntA-
WtAtn ftwT fntnm-'an w'fw ste^ wtnew w t t n n mfnm,toi(j/ocnct^n, iAiv f t t n m i w f R w nsm-efttn
'ffssifAcn-H ntnm ^ftw i w r eêa twfn sttnw ftmn n ^ fwR w m m n t t t f a e w w f n ^ flenn i f t n at^ 'wm-
ntsnrn-iiin t*tm flenn i wtmn ^Ritnn fnmen n^ as ntm mfn^ tnttn' * 'wtw-w'tfnsTAn-'Wffnm ffn-f^mtR *mn-wtmn'
t n f i f n tm-t wmtn mi w t f a wr^tfn w t f n t w (f. ( t t ^ i R wfmen)-'^ fwfn ât tfsen Rstff wtent^m '^tnntein i
toov/iA8i)-'9n wfcn liins ntewm mwmfew t t n t w 'cmt' (Yoga) tnnn^ wtmfn la^ttm f ^ , Amrta--
A t s i f l n I nmfcm w i nsnsnen n t n f ^ w w f t f t nn^m kunda-ian wfntenn nft wtAm ntenn ntemt cnm rnn
f n w îisjt^lH-ian sftmm nfsw Atîtflt i f k t t n e ^ f ^ tn fnnwt^-m'wtf tntnmR'n-'wtmtnn-tnmf' % s f >at fesm
fwfn f n w stew fnft w t t n n nsenn mi ft^l'i st<ie'ts mm\ 'wtnf wtfntn wica; Ssm tntwf m # i t ^ f n n^m
ntw^nten wtste^ f n w * S^ cwntnenn f n w t * f t (ntw? nftw ntntm t t t f i t i n n t n sn i tt^ttm tt#iftn (>aA1n âtn
tnntf ffstemn
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Contents
88b-
w m w t f f t t t ) RJI^C t f f i t JA fj. ?fei ^.yus ife?b- tiwr dochkonwan. Revue semitique, 1893; (5)
Brockelmarm, 298, 11. 667, S.l. 456.
tfriti:? (f. also M. de Gulgnes, in Memolres de CI. Huart (E.l^.) / ^ t f f t t ? ^ ? ? t t ?
I'Acadimie des Inscriptions et Belles-Letteres,
) t ^ i (o*-oi) o w. ?. ?. t t t t t ' w f ffsw, f t r o t t e ? c r o
ancienne serie, xxvi. 791; J . Gildemeister,
WTft f f t ? ffte tie?' I i l t f t ? e t t ?t? f ? ! ^ ( t ) - c f f r o
Script, ar de rebus indicis, 115; W. Perisch, in
f ? t ??ett w t t - w t f ? wttjt c t ? i ?? I f f e f f t t ftfe? t r o
Festgruss an Roth, 1893, 208-12) i f g f f t t f f f t s m
w f t t f t t f r o t f ? t f f wtft f t t ? rot ro; t f t t f f , s f f t t f r
i i f s R Cttff 3tw:t? f i f l f t f f w t t t l c ? ffft wtf. bod/iôv
wifft-'8?i?1f, f t r o t t ? atwitetf t?c?? f f t f f w f t rot T I
t i c t ' w t t t t f t "wtf t t t t i f f i c t t roiftnct t t t f t (wtfftts
w f f i C f C t f W t f w ? ? t ^ (wt.) I W f f t f f t tb?|b? t f f f t
wtttt) tttrfttiw w r c t t roi f f f f t w t t - t t t t ? f t #
f t t t e t t r t r s ??; t t t w i f f t - t t ^ t t ( t f t ? ? f 5 ^ f t f f -
tiffs t t t t t t c f f f w w T t I atffflCt f f f f t f t w c t ? fftst
t w t f ? ' WtlttT), w t f f f ? (ttf?3f??if t i f f ) W t f f t - f t f ,
^tc cttt s t t t f wr?R3 f C t t I ft^ f f i t t f f t f f ? t f f t Wftte?
Wffft-tftwttt I
^ ^ f l t sttct f t t f wttt? m i tc? wt?ft wtro Wfftw T I ; ro?
W f f ? fcR? i l t t t w w r o t wfftft t t t r o t r f w
t r o W f T O row? t f t f tfTt roi trew wm-'îf f ? -
f t t t T t e t ? wT? w e t f f f f f i ^ f w T f f f f f w f t t f c ? ?
w i f s j T t t w f f o ffttftcw ( t t r w i f e i i f i t fw^ ff??ct? t f t w
t f t f w f f f f f R f t t t e ? ? j ? T ? ? 1 iitwe? w t f t f f t ^ f w ^
fi?) est? Cft? f f t t l f f w f t S t t t t t t t I
f t t f t r o w t f f t f e t ? cweafs trtr ??, ffcf^ f f t t t ^frf?
f f f # t 8 (i) t f ? ffflft?, t l (t<\(t; (?) t f ? f f f f l ,
w f T f i ? t t t ?? ?t?tet? t t ? wlt?twf wt?t ?iw? t i ^ a ^ f f t f f
wtww-w|?tfsit (Flugel), f . i i i ; (vs) f t f t f , ^s?tff, it., ?b-o;
wff ^t?t ttCf I Wft? tiaFtw f f t *2?t f f f f f t ' (Legal
( 8 ) T I ^ f l f W , B. t t f t t W l W - W l f f l fft'wtft-tt'Wtf; (<?)
Representatives) f t t i ? i " W t t f f f C f ? f t f f t f f W t t e t
Brockelmann, 1. 568, SI, 785.
'Wlffi^-^Rs?!' w t f t t w t?^ f f t t f e t ? t t - f f c t ? t f f f f ct
S. M. Stem (E.l.^)/ '2t?tt1T[P?nt?
w f f R t e ? ? t t ? R t w f f f s w W T ? t C f t ?R1 ^ (Tyan,
wirt%tftf fH--'5nfpqrft (T^jij^vi ^ j i J J N R ) s Organisation Judlciaire, i t . , ovs) i ? T l t f WCf f f t
wtt-wt?t"if, wltwtf tt? tit?, m w ? t f t f f t , t R t fttct? C f t f tTW, ^ f f f f , f f f f % ? W w t f t f tTfft w e f ?TtT
w t t r o - m w f t f i f 1 fwft f t ? t - m wiwtc?f f t t f ? f t f ? ?? (5. t f ? tiRft, f ' T s f t f f f - t l ' S r o f t ('WlflITl), WtJt5f O ,
rosffcw ffctlfww flew I f ? f f f ^ ?'3W ftttc? f f f f f t f t t f f t ? t ^ 'S tfWeJ? WtT Levi-Provencal, Hist, de
ft?l1??t f f ? - m f f f t ostlfw T t I f ^ f t f r c f ffsf fctffcttct? I'Espagne musulmane, o t . . So,ff?;Le Tourneau,
f w t f s f f fwTttJt? f f t t t t i t ftttc? f f f f ? f t t t ? frotif? Fes avant Le Protectorat, t f f ^ , t f e f t f f f t t ^. ?J>J>,
fcuRjRv* T I m i f R - m f f j t f w w r o f ? f t t f t r o wtf? t t f f o t I t f t i
ttcro I t i R - m f 5 ti t w t i f f f t f wtf t t f ? f r c f fi>8?ifttt w t f ? feR? w f ? t j f f f f f t e t f t f f w f ^tewe? R T ? R t f
f t c 3 ^ tft tai cttftettt m i f t C J ^ M ftttet ftw f f t r o Riet? f r o 1 1 ^ w e f f f t ? t ^ t s t f t ? t w t f t t (^^.u^î)
tie? w f t f ? 5 c ^ I ^ g t ? f f f ttwtf?-ii? f f f S t f t f f ? r o T f (Le Toumeau f . f t ) i f f s f i f t WCf W t f ? f f t ? ?T?ro
f c f ft?lfw T I m i ft^ W f f ?? ttet? cwffcf (^Êttttt-ttt f t t f t tt^we!? f t t t Ctcf f r o w f i t m i f t f t t ftebj
^ - f f w i t e t i l t w e f " w t f f (UL^^) (S.) fCR? t i t ? N t
w t f wfftt, > b ? 8 / f f t - ^ , i??l) W f t ? t f t f t t fC?? I
w f f f f ^ f t f i t ; W t f f f f f C t i l t w e f fff^ f R ? T ? T
fe? f f f f ? faj wtig[ft f ^ T T O C f i i i cstero msft 'wt?f
?ttc? I t j t t i f tie?? f r o f f e f WT? efj? w t r
f f f w t ( W l t - f l f t t t f t - t f f t f t f f ? t ) apw fftet? WtT Wlff%
f f t i t ? W t T S . "wtff, ftftf I
f f f t t cflTO; trew f f f f ? f f tr t t t t f f t t t fftttew i
f f f w t i t ff?rttifr?tfw msft f t f t l f t t ftttet t e f t ftttfw Cahen (E.l^.)/ f ? f f t wf?ft WtftiW
wwfffftte? I (Oi-l) s f f i i f t , t g ? t ? t t f f t t t t t e t ? i l f t t
f f f i t g (i) f?ft'8?H, 8 t . , i l 8 (-W. Morley, Hist, ig(ttRtff f f f f ? f t f , f r o f t f t l f f f C f "WTtttt' ?R1
of the Atabeks, 28; (?) f t ^ t t W f ? , ?t., 8 , i?fe, ^ I " t ? t f f R ? f t f t f t w t r o " W f f ? ' t t f rot c??eif i l t ?
(o) ^ t t t f t f , iff'b; ( 8 ) CI. Huart, L'ode arabe i l f W ? f f f f C f f t t f t , f f f t f r o t "ttftw* ? C t W l f t R
t t t t f ft'SCflt
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Contents
88fe Wlft?
Wt?t \STT? ?ir? Ifwltsrvs ?tc? m i ?T?m t f ? Cfi? Palestine, iffff?-ivbiff, wwt ife-bo ^. (ti>-<bo, feo
t f o t i , t f c f ? ?nw wr?i ? i w c ^ t e r ? ? ? T ? f f f ? i ?t c<Tff?i? <3 f f t ; ( b - ) S.J. Shaw, The financial and
administrative organization and development
of Ottoman Egypt, 1517-1798, Princeton ife-b?
?^-?1, oi f f t ; (fe) 'Wf?f?-?f?'tT? ?fftf, Tff#f
?f<3?t^, twtlt io?b-1?., i t . , iH<33-ib-8; ( i o ) I.H. Uzun
Carsili, Osmanli devletinin Saray teshkilati,
WfWtl ife8ff %, f . oHff-ob-i; ( i i ) Gibb and Bowen, i/i
t., b-8-brff, io?-oo, i f f o , i / ? t . , ? i ; ( i ? ) Pakalin, i t . ,

ff?ff-ff?^ I
B. Lewis {E.l2.)/ii. m . m . t R f f ? ?Trf? il3l
^l^'f (o-e-Ô ' rot ?if? ?f?f Wftfc? t r iiftt
ffft? f ^ ii?^ wrrff? ( ^ i ) , Wfft? (jj-î), wnft? j ^ i )

tJltf f f t ^ f c t t t ^5t?t f t C f I f r o wf tf ft?CW ?TtftC?>G
fft^ ?'=tfi ?tl?ic? 1 Cf?Cf? t?tcf wtstw t f t t f c w m f t tit
t t t t t ?f?f f t f t t ftCf? I wff "wtf wit-piti<rt tftf fCt?, t?t
wiw^ f R f f c f f ^ m # t f r o t # i f ^ I c f t t i "wift?' f c ^
ro i?ff .rot ffRcftf i i f f t t t f f t t f R i_f?f
ilflt ttttfbf tap?T (J.cLi ^ 1 ) ? r o t ? W f'Wt' '?1', " f f t
ro',''ftf' 'iittt ro' tTltf w f w t T > a ?tf wtc?, f ^
"ttlf' w c f f t ? ? ^5t?t ftcf I
ffftfC?? ftt f ? t Wft-ffR?T? Cfct f f t f f t ^5tCt i i f
tjfffc? trott i i f t , t?f f ?wic?? f ^ ? ? I f i f f i t ? t i ?

(?f) c? f t w f ? t i f t ? fff?1f?ct?, t?tc i l t f f t f?t t t m i
ct>ff tT?tft t t iff"^-m ?%?> w t f ? f f t f ?wtc? fit ?tt?f
cfftl t c ^ t t i t i f ? t ffRrt? ftkro ft f f k f c t "wtftt'ttf
I m ?tftc? i i t t f c f f wtc?, t t f t ? t ? tftfc f?f fft?T
f t t f f f c ? ? t? wttfwfc? f t f t t f C f ^ f "wift' t f t c ? I
t t l t c f ^ "wtft' tttc 5 t c t frot ilt fftc? tct ?f??ic? I
?lttfct? tc t t t t w t f ? t f t c t t I f "Wftt fff?T? Cfct
"wrft' ?ct tt, ??i wt?fct? tc W f f ? f t c t t M 5f ^ t ? i
fifj-?!??) I ro I f f c t ? t c t j ffft??fct c?ctctc?ct?cf RS^C? f fro
f f f ft % ( i ) fI%T ^?MtSff, ttsff VOff, Wtfttf f?lW-t w t f f t f t c f t t r o t "wrf?' ?tT ;!5t i f ? f ? t f t ? f c t c f
f i w t ? - t f R w i f wt?^s?iftf, w m ? i ife<t8 t - ; (^) R-
ftwt? fCt? t f t c w f , fff1 ^ f'Wt? W?J f f t ?T??
Anheggar, Beitraege zur Geschichte des
^ ffCf (5. f f ? ? t R - t W l t T t f t t , i t . , ??b-) I
Bergbaus in Osmanischen Reich, twift ifeSo % i/i
ff.fft S ( i ) W1?-?ttf?, f f ? t t f , ff?C?f io^8 t ? . , f . :s.ff;
t., ? ? - ? 0 ; v5?-o<t; i o 8 - i o 1 ; (o) ^ Cttf, ffftt tttlRf',
fff? ?1tt-t ftWfftC?? fCSf? 't?f-t tjtfft, WfWtff ifeff-b % (?) f?'1Wt 'Wftff?, w t f f ? , if., feb-ioo; (o) Lane,
fft; ( 8 ) N. Beldiceanu, Les actes des premiers tf^-flft, i f . , i o ? ; (8) Murray, English
Sultans, tTtftt-C?t ife-bo f , fft; (ff) f?ff?, ffffW?, fit; Dictionary, W ^ C f t f ib-b-b- t-, i f , ^1^; Islam
(-b) L. Fekete, Die Siyaqat-Schrift in der Encyclopaedesi { f f ) i
turkischen Financvewaltung. Budapest Sfeffff f ? I W t fl?ff?-ttltfftf (tf .tf .t.)/
if., b-\b fft; ( 1 ) U. Heyd, Ottoman documents on iflt. i l t . ttraf? ^rn? fil3l
t t t t f fffCff?
t.ff.V<M
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Contents
8(?o
tsTK-wrr^ ( ^ v i ) s f A t w , 'wtmrf t%m (is-o-w s>fsstf|n, n t n ^ t nsfnntc^ i wtn-wtfenn cett fln, fwfn f t s
iros>-iio) I fwfn rt**"?rtn iio/ififSjn i v i nten wnjsfAt n^ran i mwtcss stnen nsnien wttfm ft^ttenn lant fntntesm R f "sn^f 1^
fwfn flenn ni#sFt Ainifn-nt%T * fntnnf ennenn 'bsnwr n^tn wnsn mfwm fncw m f <t>sttm SwRmcnn ammmn tfsnwen
lantintnnt flenn i%pf wtn-ntn^xnn c'ftlf i fwfn f^fwtntwt Sws n ^ wtmn ^^R:sn I t f i fRmn wtn-m'fn w s M f^wTs nft
fn^ fnnt sfftft nttniw f|enn'(fntnnt fnnw isffmn t n n wms mew i w r wtn-wtfn f^st t n c ^ f srset mm An i ft.
ntnfn * Atsfn-nrfn tnn m f t n n ntnf n) i âtwrn f^twtn isxf ntenn n ^ wftt [. i r i o ntenn. ctnfness fwR
f5inin=ten Sâsifnmn nte wfn mwt 'wtnf^(fnfn nnnSfnnen îfîf^<i"ies 'sm ^ ' s fnemfnwT nsfnm wf'wtn fwrnn
wtn-mfnnten nfnf^w), fnfn 'an^wnrnfmrnn ne wifennm wtn-mfenn mens ^ nsinfs RtAtnenn Swtfsîfsicn ftn
mn fcn wmsJ^n ÎnrnHi^m, wtmn Stn win-wifncss wtmfsw fcan (* f t s ^ wtn-^Tfnn, fnfn nnnff w n wm-f'mRm
cn*m An i stfw ntm lat, "i^pt m w - n f f n ii(?/is>A nten Snttn mt nsfnntflcnn) rnn m^ nsesn i wm-m'fcnn Rmtfmm
wtn-wtfcnn nti5 ntnn nncnt fntmncnn Swffnmfnicn wtmn fn^ <pissis wm WtAtess tnegtf nfnm cnmm nsm AS ânt wtms
mn'mtcwn mrn^t mt w n mx ibro/is>s> nten f^ffn tsetilA nnn s>fssi^ wm ' w t # t f n f m tfnntAte^ c^twc^ iiss1t
^^gntffmffnret mtn-m'fcnn ntn f ^ ^cnn i ât ^ tnmwn cstfnw AS I tms w r tmns a fntntenn ncm stnnm fw
Signtfnwnn n=f'^"fnnn1tc^ msifn-ntfn ?nt iWb-oA men n5 AS (^^mmn-Snm isx?/ m#-iri>i) i
"nm nfn'nicn Rntftwtcn fnfnt ^fnm f^tntflenn mi n ^ stmn wm-m'fcnn fc^ f sn cnmnR w i % tf^-^mnn (s.) fw
, mTffA n?.*m * S^sntfnmfcnn nmm fncntens f m t m ^^Rm nR^tnm nsfnewflcnn i m-m nf|nset stnn nsnent twfn
f?tntflcnn i ât wm nfenn stnnftew wtn-wrfn mftnnn w n stRfffn cnmnR ' w r f t f n fme^ tnttw * Awjt nscsn i
cn, wtmn tnnSf S w t f n ^ wtn-mfn wtmn sttm wfnmn ntw s t R f f t n nnrnif cnrntR 'wrsfn-ntA'nm t f n wtmnt
nsfnenn mi fwR mws mftewjn f n wnttetn mnntfnmn ntw wm-wtnmf * fnA An i wm-twnm-^ wi^ w R gw f s m t f
^mnenn i wtn n % n wtn-m'fn StfnS^ wfnmn ntw n t e f Jnems ^mct wtcn i 'wn-wrfn wtmens stfwentenn wm fnfn
wnfAo A*ntn ffffw stmn nsean mi fnewn f^ êw nen 'Wnnenn ntAtnrsnf tnmnn cstnt nsenn, f f ? ât nnft*
wftnstn nsenn, fwfn ft?! mwte^ n%ptnien mfnm wtmn mtfrnm msf AS I 'awtens tmft tnanens Rnfew fnfn nf%e^ snew
Îtnstn ^fses-t, fiftn m R wtmn wflnstn nnn nsnm mtn m-t mmtms wm-wtfens i4t stcstt mf_4 nTf AS I fnfsnts wntnss
wns I i^t mmmnssm * m%t mmmnnsm mm t A t t srmf^ AS, ffmn cnm cnn i mtmen A'ntnn t f n 'wr^ t f n fnt wn^mt
nfnn mnifn-ntfn lat ' J ^ Swtfnmcnn ntfss wntt n t c f m=f4 ffgtA ^^fnm mnfnwren wm-wrfenn w t w t * wm-m'fcnn
wnft flenn ^nt wtmn nen f t ^^twtn mntfnns fncntesn fmrmewn cnrntt m nscsn i t f ^ ât tn?tfnns sfc^tt (ntwm
wtttm* Mtnr^ fln (ntmm ^ * mtm m f ^ % flenn) i is>4i/m5 iriA) n'pnw AS mt r wm-wtfn wtmn nAm An i âtn
fwfn n f n * wttnnw w f ^ * wffmenn mmen ânsft ntf^ ntwntf w ^ f 'jfsmtf mRfn stfwems nsm wtfnmn stm t c s i
wtnmm n w cB%t w n I f m-ft"wt is>to/wtt% b-i A men msmm t f n Wmn * wtftcnn
Atsifn-ntfn o ^^ntmn-Snm, is>o/A8 nts, voS) nten wen c^twc^ ntfsf mtmn fnfsnt cwr i wifts tfncm ffwicnn
tf%Wi ^^fnen win-wtfne^ nrnmn * nnsj ntgtewi n%Ft finten fnegtA nnn nm^ w n i ntftewrs wmtm w t e t * ( t n t ^ ,
f f f f w cn-am AS I win-m'fn wfw ;^wwtn nftw fts wtnfn cnemtcsfnm, 'wtnn) wm- wtfe^m t R s m tttew mc^ i wtms
fntntens fncss mfnw An i tens ntnn (is>8/irio) wtn-wtfn w t m n t * w f n m w f^tntwws cmnm cn-am AS-I tm ne^*
iff"win fwm me^ wtmn * wtn-mfcnn nen ftn f a fntn m mm ntns ntwmfn stfwems wmtAs mc^ i ât nnn tAcnn
sfnwn nsenn I tm wtnw n f ens fnemf m -sten* tAtew nntctnn wm nn (ntmm 'Sm m ni} men mtw) m ' f w t e ^
sfftsmn AS, nfnftcss Scf^ nssit wtAtn ScMi fln i ftn mmn n s s ^ fcwn msren wncmn^tfenn stfwems ^^fnew mc^ i
ntenn ne^ wfnmw Swtfnmf ftmcn fwfn ânn ânswcnn ntn fsnnrnn is>b-/ cnct^s, v i o ntenn fen wn^ t t AS mt 11^
ntf^ nsfnenn ntAtcw fwfn wfn^wn cmm nen nsesn i 'pn *at nnn nnm s t w stfwems fsfRs AS I wm-wiftn fnmtcn t A s
mwtn, f a t Swn mmn ncm (nmapcn S f n w t n - w n t f n ntf' Atftost ^fnm nranm wfnR sftfn w n i f f ? t t w wmens tfs
* wtf Sfs w t n - w n t f n ntAn mm nnftw stm) fStnfw^ na cnmtfws nesf, fnfn wtms #nn n w sffwf ^msntRmn, ntftn
cmmemn ^ AS I wmtf lat n ^ tars#n f n fnnnn, ntm stmm*nmnnn tfmcm wiftcss cnrs^wn mm 2 i f ^ ^ i
mnmn*ntnn-ian nmwntafnntenn fcnmffcws ntnnt firmn AiÂt^t A*mn wen wrmm wtsie^ GSJ'FW W mi AS - A*
tnntf tfsesnn
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Contents
8ffi
wfffw? f f f t f f f % f , w f t t t f wtwtr;?? tftf:t? w t r

TI I WRtTO,WM-Rtf? ^ l - W f T S T l ? WRf fWWWRR Rfft f t J f ? , (b) W f t - t t R ' t f , f?iW, <bt., 8i(t-8VH I trWT
fliR? t t t f t f WfTO ^fTC^wft-Rfff RSKstj? mm WffttWJ f f t t f r w fftTflTWSRfTOt t f T t ttf f f w r ^ ' f f f t f ( i ) F.
tfw roa? 1 Gabrieli, Document! relativial califfato di
^ sfftwf 3TTO ilt RltfCf 'WfWfft tfTOFtf:w? Sfslt ffCf al-Amin in at-Tabari, in Rend Lin, i f e ^ T ^ .
(f? (f? t f f W t f RWJWf? ttftf t w f W R f f t r o w I ii-??o; (b-) 1^ c t t f . La successione di Harun
f t t r t i t tlRtW t t f ^ Wf? tltt%? RCtJfWft^ al-Rasid e la guerra fra al Amin eal-Mamun, in

RSo, bfe?b-, f O 8 i - 0 f e i ; (is) f f t f , W t - R f f ? , WWttff I
?tttj t i t m i t i T w t t t t f r f ff^âft f I c t t (Rt'Sttjtct?
F. Gabrieli (E.l^.)/ Ii. (iit. iTt. t l T R l ? ? T T H f i)3t
tttJ^ f W l t ^ 'StttTfw tfjft tftjTO f i R I f t t f f t f f t t
RtTOtwfW t f f i R t t t f f t i t I Wf<a t T Rfft f f TO Rf,
^ - W f t " W t f t f f t t sffR t I c t t Wttt "W^ttt (Stftwwftt ttatltt, f t w f t f f t , t t t t f fbWtft, w i f f ^ f t ? t t t t f fftw
WtTt Rt<!f t ^ IWTOW W R - W f t f I c t t CSft-ttRff, W r o S t t t ^ f f fCtWl 1 ftft i o ? ? ft./ifeo8 RlT^f WffC? t S ? f W t ? ^
t l w N w f wtttwf RWCf W j f f f iititfRtffew? tRWt WfT? Wtttt fwTO (RTTO f t w iff ttTffS f t f fffttw W?}f?t
WfTO f t t f R t WtT R ? ? t w J^tf twft w f ? t I C t t -I
?5C?? I f r ? tfwt Ttf? f T T O ffwftt ii?5^ wff? w i w r f ?
t f f i i t tWT WWW (R fftwfw W f W f f ttillfl^l tT fTW
cttf flWR I t t t f W f f f Wt?ttW? W t t f f ffwt ftlR? t ^ W
t f t t w f T O f t t t w twft t f t t tbWt-WTTO fT:ff Rlt I i t Rft
f ?? I ilttW f f f f ? W ? t # W ? ttWtftf t f f f ? f W W
fftwfw wtt-wtfw? "^#1? t i t tt, t??, WfT? t f ? tattfttwf
ffwtfCt? 1
Wtt-ffRR t f f ? - ? t f ' ( g . ) - r o f f w f f w f i t , t l T t f WtfTR?
i o o o ft./iS9i8 RtWf fWTIf ' W W W f ? ' ilWfT? W ? f f
fplRfTT Wtt-WffTR? ^ ^ s t W t 2 t f ? T O f f Tttlt? I WtRT^t
srttfTOftfR ttRt?-il wfw f W T I I i t W t w w f i t tftTTRTf?
f f w f ? f f f B ^stCW Wtt ttI7S?WRf? t f f t - f f ' fttlR? t t ?
f t tJtWW tff W W W f f ? f f ' t f f W^RfW wfff?
w t - w f w ? t w wjtt fTR? I f t r o wfWr:?? t t ? w wtftwj
wwf? (Rtf fbWT? f t t I ffwfRtt W t ? W ^ W W f f t f ?
<a f t t ffwwtt f i t WtT W t t t w ?;,f? wttf fwf%f f i t Rt,
w ^ t t W fffWftfW f i t I W t f Wff? W T T O t f fSR? ?WR
???, WfT f i t W t - W f w ? wfw t r o R H f t w t RT?? t f ^
ilffWO? (2lfTW f w T T I fftiiftft? W f f t t t f w f f r ? WtR
CTO5TR? TTf f ^ f f f t ? f t I it?iet ffWfCW Wtt-WtfTR?
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cftffftt t w t f t f f w w f t f ' ( ? r o ; f f t f ftfffflwR I ttttiR?.
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fff tfftfww T I t t 1 w f ? ^ Ritwwiwt fr? wwt ttWftf ttttf fC?t I twttt? w t f Rfft f f w f f f
ftlTt? tl f f f t I WlWtffW Ttt f f t w R f t W W f t t t W ? ' - i l WWfff ftww
fffft 8 ( i ) f TO f 3 t -t?tf, O f . , >boO-SI18 (tlEWffw ctftro W f T I
t ? f t - W f ? , "bf., i < t ? - ? o i ) I w?Tf?J f 3 I : (?) wtt-fff, w r f ? W T T O t t w f c f t t f t t f & w t t r o t^sffft ?w TO I
? t . , 8FEO t . , (??8-(?ob-; ( o ) f t t t f f , tJ. ^vv-'Sfe^b; ( 8 ) W W W Wfttt? tlt|ttT ftttWtt f ? f?fftt? fftftf f f f
Fragmenta Historicorum Arabicorum { R ^ . de t f f f t w f t l f f W R wtr?? f t ? ? 1 Rft ioffo / iSioi wtt
Goeje), f . o?o-VA88; (c) t t f w - f w f w f f t , [. ? S i i - ? f e i ; t t t T t f f t f ? ffftit w f ^ f t t t f f Wfw' wt-t?fff? W t r w ?
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Contents
Wiftn Wt5?ftn tnnt% 8(fA
itt^nHf fAimw nsnH spHss'^ R f ? S^ ffot? wnrsH A*m t w wnrtA ttess i lat nwtnen tR f s w m mitn, f*ntm
w n lant nc5f nesf Aff^ wnnjwn ^=#1% m^ fnntfwn t n m mfn^, mttA f n f n n * n t f A f t t f n nnn fnewn i wtms
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nnn R R ftn sfcetr?! nten t?j:nt wtnt* 9m w n i wtmmn^ fsnwm, mntfen wtmsin^ m f A , nnnnmness f R m f
. nt^sntnt wtfn wtmntn tnniD n t n n t n t ^ tnntA-'a wn^tnmen ntmcnn f s w m - m f i f t c s t t f cn, mssimcw t n m f ( t n m f t
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mnn nênn i i v s ^ o R/iSssi nten tnntf #nn m n ^ ntnmenn
( R n ) A t f A n t a w sntn# ( i ) mntfen w t m n ^ mf^, ( A )
n t w tnm wtntntew tnntft.sfRift ntw ^^fnentwR Smew cmnrnn wtrnnfcs A t f ^ s tmcA f*nt*t t m n mfnns (n), S ^ a t e ^
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lant mfnm wtfn wtmt n * f f n wftf^wcw wrfen wmmtewn wtetnmttjti
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'mtftf wt*ntw cm ntcA nn' i sf^ntR t n n t f f'wtmntn cn * wfwcmt t'sn stwR s ( i ) m * f A i ^ , ( A ) wtnftmw, (vs)
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f n ito/ii nnn winmtew tnntfls tnf%f mfn^ mnn w m t n f n n f f nmtesn fswtcn mfm f t e n t t f cn lant A e w wfwm
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n M t nsenn i (wttnm fnes g.) tnfwwtnscnn i
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f^cntmen >at nnsenn wf%wm fnftnnf w n i fwR wtmn Rww f n A n m w ^
# n c n <ansiwten fnwm tenntt * w t n s ^ n^mn tnentfww wn^-wrt^--^-5mi^ (^^:.,ux^y CA-OI) S fffn^cMs
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>stoi nten twR 'mmmen wtmsfcn fmwtn * AifA' men â^ m R wnnm t ^ Atew stfwmenn n f f n Atsifin i nnst f t ^
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Contents
8(M wift-wH-^fnf (ffft)
t>!5?J1C? I i l t llftlM?) W l J f R W f t e s t ^ f l ? f f f t ? t t t ? f TOR iltl tw? cftt wt?? S f t t i S ? ctt CfH

f f f fffiR ffftw?,
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f i T O t t r o a ? ostiif W W f t t f t i t WR? w t ? f i f t ?TO f t t w f f t l l t t t t t ? ? ?ift?W ftff?5 f f t t f t t W f t t t t . W f f W ?
i # W ? t t ? RtWfiFf t t t w t t f t f t w TO i l ? v f l T t W W W I f ? f f t f R?ft? wtw W f f w f t l t t ? ^ f t T ? ilt'wtfW? w t I
t j t ^ w w t w t ^ f t w f t ? ? I t r ? t t t t f i t cw?wttttt? fwft Wf?^S ffftR fftcw?, t f f f t ? t t f w f t f t f t f tttttf?
c t f ? f t t ? W f f l R t t t t ^ iltsw? C S f f t I f W W l Ctt w g f w i l t ? t f t f w f t t f f f ffw? f t f t t t t r t t t r f
ft?WC?? CWtf?t t ^ t t t w f f ^ f t t W W W f l c t t , w t f ? f t t w w ? w f f ? 5 w ? i ^ R r t f t t bftta? f t w f f w t f ? wtwf^ i
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CW?5tttttt? TOtt tw? i l t t t t w R?,?Wt f T O W f f f ftt?ftwwft??i
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f f f t f C t Wftffe t t f t ? f?tCt ^ W ? f t t i l t R l ? t 5 t f i t ? i l f f t f f t f w ffftfct? 'Wt??fCt? ttff W | f ? t f t t ? ftw fftffffW
f ? t f t w f t w f ? t fc?? I 3 F t f f g w WW f t t I i l t 1ft?tffw f f t t ? ctwf f T O ft??
w r f f t - ^ - w ? f w w j w M f e i j t t f f w wwft?w1|ct? i f w f t i l f t t W ? s t t f t f f t f f f T t t ? t t t tfittt?tlct? W t f f t - ^ t f t f
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t ? t t f ? # ? ftwitt? wt]?? ft?? I WfftW T T , tft Alliance tft?tftW ifeife W t t ? C t f t ^ Wtt ?1Wt? ?fWT? ffcWtC? f f t
Israelite Universell-CW'S iif ? R ? f t t f ? t f f ? ? t f l t t ? fc? I ilt t f t fifffro ffjpt fiftftf ^5tct t t ^ f ^ f f f t t t r o
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tt? ?^c?t il?i wtt-wt?Wt? f t ? f f c ? t ; f f f W T O fw? tftltf? t t titftw f f f t w fC?? I W f T t t ? tWJ f i t ?f?f
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wf?f f?ct? W W f c f t f i t w I f t t ffffcw? t t t ? t ? t t f f f t t r t wtt-wtffttrt ffcyi* f f c t f w t t t f W f ft? "wt??tt
c t t t t t t t f t w f f f w f t f t f t f ? f f f w f f f w ? f f w Rtw ft?? I Wttw ?vs; tfttftt? WtWt-W^ WW RffffW I W g f W f w t t ?
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ft^t f f f t^wf f f f f ? fff?itf fbtrs 'wt?ff' cw?5Wtttt? "wi?? w f f w f t t t ff?rsfwt iit f ^ s w w f f
f f t T O f T O Wftfw W W f t ? ? ; wt? tw C f H t f f f W f f f t f f f f t f f f w t w f f t w f w ffff? fta.itt? i i f f f t t ? W f f w f f t r f t t ?
ftfww I t f ? Wftfw T t t l
f W R W ^ '5ttt w t f ? CSiWRtttCt f W J f f f f C ? ? i l t l f ? ? f w t f ? i l t ffCWtW Iff|c1 C?Wf f W t ?5t?twf|tt? iftl
f f f WRt?? W W t?lt f i t f ? t ? f f w i f t W ? CW5.1 t f f f f W f , t W T I , RtTt w t t ? ftf W wS c t t w w f f t l R f t f c t ? t f
W f t t t f t ? f t f t ffWt??tCt w f ftfwt?? I t f f f f t f f f t l ? fftc t c t t C5tt ffftttlctt; fff f t ff??rtf i l t
W l t t f f f W f j w ftwZtfwf ffwe,f?wt? f f w w t f t T T I f f f WlW-TltlTO d W? ? f ^ . f f r ?iiW? W t T o iltl 8 w? *w??
f f ? ?TwS?ff ?lf%^, f 5 ?5ftR W l t t f f f w t w ? w f f f t f f f r o ?i W? W T 5 T f 1 i l t c f t t t W t 3W?ttt Vladimir
t l c t ? i l t l f t t ?tct f f f t f ? W t t ? WftfW f t f t TOtt TOf J a b o t i n k y - i l ? C t w f t f ? Jewish Self-Defence
W f f t f f w ^ t w f l c t ? I wt?? w f f t t w t w f f f f t t i k ? ? M f t j Group w t f ? ^s "WfffCf T R f T O C5tt f t f t t f W C t ?
fftfstt? W | f w f ftbtt? ft t i t f T ? fft 1 f r ? tt ctwftf? fftftf? tro fftro wt?? cett ft? I f t t f
f f t f f ? f i t f T S ? "wt?? ^tt? W W ^ i l f l t t t w f "wt?? ?@, cftt?w f f w i l t t f t f t e t t ?jf f t ? it?i W W t t w f t
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868
mum wf%WTCt wRfi? ^ntn t n lilt H t W ' l W . ^ P P T - W t W nrntR ten wfnfliw An, îit.ten fwfn wrStnnwfnfiiw flenn i
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nttms wRtntctn m;*u tmt % i nnattn i aims SîRcô mmn 'wtnntetn cmm ftmcn wtms w n ^ fntA^ nsfnew nnsf An i
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ffnftw, nt|f wfsmfnc'ln <smj Segnsnn n w w n n atfw Winston Churchil-iiin f n ^ caffnw m^ affwennen
wtmn wfcmnn fln limt nî^ttw nsttnm nntten* A5W m wtmn fffnftf atfwentcnn fnnn * cnt mm Stn wtms wfnmw
cntn mîfw fln 1 tnmrnn tfwmen Rmn * fwif-iat ^ mntm ffwmnm fw% atfwfliw wtm nrrmt w n s Sme fln ntif nnR
n w nnrst n ^ m#?m t c t fîmnctn w t s w nft cmtfa ^tnnl<fnfnwS5nt, Jewish National Home-iilS wnff%
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ttffw I *si<f>nfCAS ntw? wm fnn^t mfncwn mi wtm cnsnn
ffftftcn fnfss attn f i t t mt ssfntmn Herbert Samuel wnenmfn^ snnfn%w SJSA ^sf m, n f n armn^tte^
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n t t f Wtnt%o R R nU5?n iS)8i StC i ^ 8 * f. tn nAmffe'im wmwn njR .Wisliceny f^pffess ât Rsnftws
w R n t R s w n i tm êwcA fism #m7m nnrc'm R s R o mm 'SemTm'nicn wfwf^ nsesn i t f i Wisliceny-'an
I R R etiwff cô m\m <1'R?II(|M'I ffttw? m^ ^tc S t n ^te art wstj wmtm f a ^te art'^t westm mmen'
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en#n R n R R R ^Re^ ntff f^nsm i mtfnnnnesn nsfnntflenn i wtsm wmwn nnn. t i n , fwR ffRften n i f f
ftlw-niff 'niimw i}5i nmrne^ nRs mmn Rmnimn cmnt wfsnt%nn ntmt fRn en esnn ateett affwsw nsnm e5tt nsRenn I
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s>RsiR=i mi lantn tte "gross mufti"-'an men RRw, ^mnwtt wf^jt ntenn i Snn? wttnnjm e^pnn a fnfnnn fnAen
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s>Re\s wt^tn wtntn i 'c^nn nnn fRn * wtmn Ran^f ^stn "J^cn ftsnn nsfnew A S , twR wtntnens mm tfnmf*rw cat f t n
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8<f1 W t f t f t w wm
WW#5 ttTf%? C5f f t t t w "wttt ftft Wf? Cft? f f f i t w I t?ftf? cffft^ f t t f t , w t f t t

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f f f t f twtf f t f f e fftm m i t ^ 5 f I ? ? t w ? ft?tf t f w T f f f t f t csttt w f t? I wt^wt?? ?twff? w t f t w ?
ft? ff?t f t w f t t t f w 1 f f t f t ? f t ? f w t f f f f t f w tffW-cgtc w t f t - m f t t t w f t w i i f ? t t t r t f t w t f f
a t W t f S W ? Wftf s f t t W wftff w t t ?sw m i f w t f W % ?t?ic6i. I twww w w w t w?fr? t f f w f f f f , wt?-f??tt G
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W t t t l t f t tr?TTW Wf?5t W t f ? , f f f t t t 2ttt^ t f f e t w ffftSft w f t w fifffti? ftttw W W ? ?5t? I
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t # 5 I f f?t?tttW sfWtt? W I T H WIW? I t? t t w t ftlWSIf C?WttftW'Z?Ctfff f t ^ rot w t ? ? ? t t f f f f t ^ t f f t T ? t W ?
t t t l t f ISWt^WtWW tttt t l f f t t t w ? ttftft t f t t t iS>81 f W ?ttlc? m i ilt f t t t t t f f f f f t s ? cff?tt?t ilt ctftt?
tftR? C f t t t t f W t f ? f f f f w ? t l t t ? C?f f W t fftt "wra? t t w f stft3f? ft t f f t i 3 i tw?t?ft w t i f f f f r ?
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"wt?? ff%5 t t t t f ( Arab Liberation Army) f i t f W T I i f t 5 t t ftr5 f W ? t t w r t t B t tlct? I f r ? w t t f ? t t t i w w ?
t r t ? ? f ?ttt wtitw "wt?? t f w t t f t f ? tft t r t t t f e t f?i? f c t f r ? ff^fitt? t f ? f t t t w w w w ? W W f r ? wtwct?
cef f w I t f f f e f r ? ?r%t t w w f r ? ?tw2?f%f t t w r ? t t t i
wiwwi?? ft^tft? f c t t r t i f f e t wttsiw T I , m i t t ? t ^ w f f T f f t i t t t f r ? w f e f ? f t t c t C f t f t w fft f r ? fftw?
W t l ? cwttt f f t t f e ^tt? t ? w f ? - m t f % t f ? t w t f t f ? ' s t f f t f w ? "wtatwtttt?^ fitt? tf?r?itc w t t T I I
t ? t - w f ? - m t w f t w t ? t t t t t i^tw f t t c t ? f i t T I I f t t ? - f f f f t 8 - f t t t f f fiff t t w C f t t f f f fipttsf t f f e g ( i )
f*pf < W f t t f ? f w m i f w t f ttw wt3tt w f ? i ? fftc M. Pearlman, Mufti of Jerusalem, t ^ i f e 8 i >{.,
W f t f fw? f w I i l t f t w f f ? i58v wtt? ctt-tw? Wtt f f i t tfftw t f f T I f r c f f w wt?tf?itt tfyit?? t i [ f ?
i l f l t f f t t f ? t t f t ? t t ? f?l? f W Ctlttt ?>t?? I i l f f t ^ - t f f e f W ? fiftbtr?; (?) J.B. Schechtman, The Mufti and
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f f f ? ff w t w w t f f t f t t f w t m i f w ? fww? Cft D . Hopwood (E.L2) f?r3It t t t f f ?
? t ? t f t ? t t ? 1 ^ C t ? l t w t ? f C b t t ? t t f t W t W t t ? WW ^sfT^ # ^ (J:^ :^^c^\)z ctt??t?
w f C5tt w?TfT5 WCt? I t f ? t - w f ? - m w t f ? "WftfW? f w ? f s t w t f ^ iifw? trtww t t f " ^ I fft ilt? f f t f t f ?
f f w ? f f f t t t f t f f t f t t f t t t e t ? twtt t w CWf ftcttf fitttw, c t t t f t tf? f t e t t W j I f r ? w?i >^ t t w "?t?iflt
attttfct? I t f ? t3w?rct cti?5ii? f g w e t ? fw? f i t m i w r t t ? te?r
isxfi wtt? ^spfft wtt "WftfW? wiif? ft? T f m i w w w t f ? w f t t f w t t w t f ? t CWCf? wtt '^twflt I
tt?w f W ??, i l t t r t f t w W f f t wt t l t t ? , t f t t r f t ? W f f ? - # f f # ? ? W f t f W i f t ' G ? l t , ioio/'b i l f e , i'bo^
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t t f t w t w t f f ft?? m i i l t t c ^ i t t c f f r ? f t 'G w t t f t e g t e t f w f f lftft ? t ? r f i trt tiftfftn wamt?? anf?
f m f?t? WW i l f l t t ^ t <j<?H fc?? I W f tftw? t f f f t W f f f f f Wff f t t ? fifffw t t f f ? w f Wft-f"Wt t f t
W f i - m w t t f t - i i f ? t t f t w c w t w ? f f f w f l c t t m i iit f t t f l t C^. ^^WWt-ttW O'Uo/ttf fe18) f f "tfWltft-
t t w ? cffftvs^ Wftft 'wr?f?-wftf?-m f t t t w f w t f ft?t? t t w t ' - m fft5 fftt?? ?Tfw ?fTrtt? m i iit t f t trttrr^
f f f w t t t T f I ?fttw f f f ? ft 'wr?f?-wfwcg? t t f w ft^#ft fif^?w?i t w t t ? t c f t f ? f ?ttic? 1 w t f t f ?
?fWC?ftt? Wtt?? f f t c t t f f f ifefffe f. 'Z??iC f t ? fftf? w t ? m f t f t f f ^ " w w t t ' w r fifft t t f f w f f t ? w j s t i
ft?? I (?f?f?w f r ? f f f g O T wfff? w f t w fit, ftf f?t? . t r ^ "wtt-f'swt ^s?ft-wfwt f f t - f f f ? " - ?w T I I t r e
t t w f fffcftt
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Rfn S 5 c s ^ wftn witnn fnnras wnrsni ^fS^Jiw i wtAR i v i o f. tnmfcnn t n fwfn w r ^ D n w a f t ntnn
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ttnnmn atActn fwn ntness nestt ms t w ttSw S f s stew ttess
wtn-fnmf-n fnnniw wnn liwntfn ff%m aitnn nsenn 1 ctent^
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fsmnis fwfn 'wtsfn-ntfnw wtn-fnff' w t t n atAt nsenn 1 fwfn
t n n i f ^men, n t n m s m f t e t n wtcmnens n w w t f n fnnn ^ c w
cmmt tACs tnfwsstn nsesn I
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ar^nit s ( i ) Snouck Hurgronje, Het Leidsche atcnt wjtctn nnn wmnstn nnfwn nttrt f i n t e ^ , w t f n wim f R
Orientalisten Congressc (1883), Tijdschrift ssRrt ttmtftew Sftw nsenn 1 n t A m f wtemneng f M t n nnn
Indische Taal-Land en volkenkunde, Ocs n.; (A) C. ( i v v i - i v v A f . ) wtfenn âmnst fs-tf%cn mfn t w n t t n f n ^
Landberg, Catalogue des Mss. arabes provenants fln lantSw-nfêt fwn t w m t n 1 ntAmf fnegteAS w t i v v o
d'une bibliotheque Privee a el-Medina. nten âfatn mens n s j m t stew nsen^ ntns w r f n f n n f n t m n
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fsfft w r n R tfsgrsi^, wtms affw mn f l n Carl Oscar flenn., wtsts atR w t f t w j ffwiss atrs cnn 1 w t f n w g w t e t
Eduard Theodor Schnitzer iRfn AV ntb, iV8o ntn w f f f R w t t n sscsn 1 sFcn wtms nnmt f R tfte ttess 1
s t e iirtoS ntn t w Breslau * BerUn Konigsberg ntn^ w w s t n ivv(^ ntenn .<iifam ntenn ctnfness fwfn n t f t f n w n t
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nscsn, iflt ^tnft wtn tn ^fffcnn t m m f n % 1 wtrs Rfn WtAtn n c f flenn, wt&nstn S t f c n n fness ntm w n 1 i v v ^
niRtwwtcn feRtm cttts w ? ^ n^csn 1 f f ^ tsnSf .fnmen mens i s fwen^s wtfsct fwfn w t t n c'fte^ 1 w t s âwm
wtAtef S^ cwms Têms (quarantine) * TTSJ ssnfwf t w t f n tfnmw^ C a s a t i ivvcf mens w t f s t f ste wtmn
fnemt ssm AS i S ^ wtnesfnmn twns t n m f n Af#t fsfn f w t f s wnrtsR tn wtfestn nc^ flenn 1 i v v i f s t e ^ "snm fnc^, n t f
wfnsrf flenn mi wrsts ft fnfn SRfnmwfnmn nnstn nsfnewn, cnttcn w t n tn m^ f f f ^ n t f t f enrmenn f|n, m^'Rtet
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t n n t f fnemn
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f R R TOfH rogj(, T i t r m^ (Albert Nyanza) tft f t ? f ? t ? w f f W ? fttfitttt?tf fftw? f i t f i t f g tsffw

TOlf fftwra f f t f f t f f * m f t t t f % f i t I i i f t t t Royal TTct?Cf Rtsf t t w C t t t f S (Mombuttu) WWf ffW ?f?
Scottish Geographical Society-m tctmt ^sttJlra? t? f f t t f f c f W f t ? ^tct-i m i wfctt^t?? f w i f f t w f f f f ?
t m t f f tftf, t t r o t ( R t (Rcf? trttrftf tsmi? ff w t f t ftfCtttff tT W f f W t l W ? ftttf T ? I ? V C t P t ^ W f t R W f t
^tw ffftifit, wifft-m fftmttt wtj m f t wRtiwf f f f (Ituri w t w Aruwimi ?f? twft? wtff) "^t f W f f t ? t
W R I i l t Rfttt f f f S l t t H WtT f t f f (Stanley) Rtt f T I I ? t w t T W f ? wtspttt wt?TC?? W ? f t f t t cfmf?
f W l f t w T I m i iVb-b- fSTCR? t t W W i R WtffiR? f t f t ( W R . ^ f t ? I 1 f t c t ^ w r f ? stuhlmann-tf f f t f ^ t t ? ttsf
f t f f t f I R f f f s t t ) t f % T I I flWTt %Ttt%I t f k t ? il f C f f ? t (Bukoba) wtlttt ct? m i fft fftw c?tfttt? ttsf
wf Rift T I (R, 1Tt W t t t t wrftRt WtT R T f f Rf cttftc? t t f f W W? I f W f f t ? t t ? W f ? C f t ? t t W WW? fft
W?1wt W t t ^ t t f f f f t , fttft i i t W t l (R, % l t % ftfff ittt wtt? Wb wtt tft i l t
t f ^ t f C f ? ?1Wt W f t t t f C t ? I i V f e ?
f i t tt, tlTC WtSff?tf W t f t t t ? Rf^' ff% ^(To ffff I Wffft ftlf t f ? ^ f t ? ? I f t c t fft tCffCW (Ipoto) w t f f f C ? t f f
f f W t t t f f t t t I f t M ? i l t f t t f t Wtft tstSR (R, fTtf ^5tct? I t T Kllonga-Longa-? t f f t f f Aruwimi ?f?
%Jfttft t t ^ f f t W t f f t f fffTft f f t t t f f ? t t ?ltf1 t t t t t ft? Wtff f i t I w W s t t t f f t ^ tf? twttt? f f t f
( w f f i f f t f f t t t f f t f ) , tt 1TW fttft? (Rttft f t t m i WW f t a t i wst? w f ? ?wt3tt? f t T ffwfwt-tf^
ibrb-br t t t t t Witt??? tttflttfft ?tt tt?ttt tTWRltfl ffw tftf tltt fTCf? I t t R W f i t , f f f f t w ? t t t f W?ff
WTtt wrftttf fftttw (Dufile) W t f fttt W f t f Wtf i Kibonge W t f f f t ? t f f ^ ^ t ? ? I f f f t W f f ^ t m
ttTsftW ib-b-br W t t t w ? R T f t ? - m (Rtf ilftt R t f t t f t ? W t t f tfttw (Kinena) W t f f f t ? ^ o wtt!??,
WTTift wftft t t f f s n ? ^tt wfwwtwtt ttw ft? m i i i ib-Ss? W t t K i b o n g e - m W t t f ? f f t f t f f W ? t f ? Wtttt
wttf?? W f cftt? I t w ? Rfft? wtft? ftwtf WW ftfwt?? wft f W C f T5Tf f ? T T f I W f f f (Dhanis) W t f C?t#? W R
wtw? I trt fftgttt ^ t t WTftft ttttf? fflffw ft? m i iVfeo Rttt? Cfg^Wf W t R M a n y u e m a - ? WWttf.
W t f t t f f ^ fffw ct? (i>l5 ?t^) I fTttt? f7ffW wtft? Nyangwe-il f t ? f f f t t t w t f t ? ? C<l??ftb|t w t t i f ^ t T f
"ib-b-fe wtt? i t C W t t f t ilttfi?Wtttw-? ft%t t l f t t ^tHf ? m i W t W l f Kassongo f i t f f f w W R t J t t t f ff-ft
Rtsf tfftr T f m i W T t t ? tftfft wftft i vv> Wtt? t t t ^ (Tippo Tipp) - m f t R ?T?Rf? C f g I W f f t ? ? TWCf W t f t f
Wtt? f t t t f t f WfftttW (Bagamoya)-? t f f t t t f f Tf i . WtttRt wtf? f W T f m i ii> W f f f t f , i V f e S t f t t f T C f f
ff? i T c f twt?? Rtsf Wt WIW? T ? I f f f msft f g t w t f ffftt TWff t t TI I
ttw? f1?Ct fTtf ft W t f f w R t l t f t f W?ft? wtftc T I I Wff? f f w f t f t wwwtt ttr i i f w ? f f f t t w c ? ?
f f T!8W? f ? w t f ? (Stftt W f f f w c ? ) Wfttf WCWl? '2?Cttff ffft W f t t t f t f w t l c t ? I t f t f ? W f f c f f f f f f C t ^ 3 tft
ffttt W f f f ? t ft?? I i l f f t tft f f t f f t ^t ?fW? i i f t ft W f t t f f t ? ? (G. Schweitzer, Emin Pasha,
t t ? tT? t t ! f f t ^ w f f W ? Stuhlmann Lengheld, it., ? i ) 1 i l t w?tft f f f f f ? ^ f t t t f ffft? f ? Wtw
ff?w? w t ^ , m RW? ftftf ftb R g t T R f f f ? T T f t f W f Jt w f f t R t f ^ t W f l C t t I i l t f f t t t t f R t f t ?tWt?,
f i t I tT? t t ^ f i t , fft wtfff? WW fftttftRf w t m t f w ? i l t W t t j f C?tf? W ? W t ?T?WftiT? Rtsf fw? f3FW
(Victoria Nyanza) f f t t ? f f w t t Wtff W f w s f t w f f f f ? CfR?i1 f f f f T I tit, tft'Q I f f f t ? f t t t t W t f W f f t f w f t ? ?
f t f t ? ? I ttttW? ( T a b o r a ) WTft? f W W t c W t t f W , tit I t r ? f t t t f i t , W t t t ? w?r WW tw? wft f r ? t t w ctt?
fft5tftw Rt?t?W? f f % t t f f t t f t W t f ? (Bukoba) ?Rf WW W f t t t f?r t ^ t ? f i t w I f f f t ? ? f f t c t w r f t f t
f t f ? f W i l t wf?tc?? t t g t t t f t J t t w I i l t t ? f f t t t f t W f f ? w W f f t ? "WT?? W t 3 t ^ t T W f t t ? W t 3 R W f f <5tf
WtRft? Wttt? t ^ Wissmann-m t ^ tfttff fit i f f f t w ? m i w f t f w c t t t t t t w f wt?ttt?tf, WTtt? Cft? f t f
Wtft?? R l f & f f f ? t t ? WW Wtttf f f f t t ffs cftf t t t f f t t f W t f R f i t w, ? f t f 5 ? w t c b f fc?? I ^ t f f bi?fcw< t t t r
(Karl Peters) ffft ivfeo tttt? tttt? f t ? CtTtR w i t t t f t f f b t f f t t f T ? f i t ? w t f f t f t w 'S 3 W 1 W
M p w a p w a - i l cftfit f i t ? ? tit, W W ? R t T W f t ? ? I i l t f t ? (tft'Q f f f fftw i i f w t fcsf^ t l c t ? ) I C f t w f r w
Wt?1?ftct W t f ? R? t t t t Wf??tt? ft WJPWWf^ f t t f W o f fR? fR? ?fe f t t ? f t f m i T?rftt?tf f c t t w f ? jgfftf
f t f ? f t a t I f Wissmann-m ffttttfw R t f ^ w r f i f ? fftt f f f (Schweitzer, ? f . , ioS>) i W t R f W t t wtf?
WfR t t w i t f p s t t ^ f iiN wf^*ii f t ? ? I tw? t c H f W f l ^ . WttfiTi? CtttfS ^?jft*(? -a a|Pt^=t9 ^ ^ t f c ? c o t ? f f f Wftff
t t w f ffftftt
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8<!so 'wiftspt ts?rtn
f W T n t (Schweitzer, At., i A 8 ) i W sS^, W t f R % ? H wTfntft, i j i i i ncn RAtn stenetn ftctn cwntn t t ^ stten
wnptAt nsesn i
R R W t s^l^ nrtttn I fR Rcw mm nrt^, tntn ftn f f f ) ntcAcss ntn fAtmn wtftfn tAnR .ast f f f t ftnten
fwtctn wsAis ?#cn, Rs? R R nistcA <wsit ^ ntc RR tfsfpw I RR f w f R f w t l R t ^ mfnin wtf fAtmn m m w
tmtf k n nt I fR Rwtcn, tncnnw t ^ t w H * wtfwc^ wt^ ttA mcACSs f f R * wtntwi fAcnn sRim fmsf mens nRs
sffnR nt "^RsllAW-t i tR mm Rf*tt wtRn* Rcnn i 'fSftRf' * 'sintsilff' .at ftft m^tn ( ^ ) cmt nsfnewn i
i^tift s ( i ) G. Schweitzer, Emin Pasha, his WtAts ntttntm ASSW ^-ntsn (m) tng cfms, >at mfsc fR
life and work. At., n ^ iVS.V; (A) P. Reichard, Rctc<p ^'nisf nifnjnnfnrn nen n5Rcn i
Emin Pasha; (o) Vita Hassan, Die Wahrheit uber f f f f ntcAcsn ftm m^ntft mftn nifmn wtfn wt#n fgmn
Emin Pasha; ( 8 ) G . Casati, Ten years in wtsfn m ^ nsRsstwtn mfnnt^^ nASts nnR "^ttn w n i .at
Equatoria and the Return with Emin Pasha, n ^ ^^tc^ ntnns "wrffn tAnR ma e ntnn nncn f n w R ntftn twn
iVJsb-; {(t) F. Stuhlmann, IVIit Emin Pasha ins w n liint ftn mm ttA "winfir-mnTR ntcACsn fnss5 mt^ * S f
Herz von Afrika; (to) C, Peeters, Die deutsche f ^ ssesn I wwgtn nsenwR stfnw 'wttncnn f n ^ wtnft,
Emin Pasha-Expedition; ( 1 ) Emin Pasha, Eine fnwR, AtfA, tfss'A, nstntn, mnR"^ * wtntSc?Fn 9m nt
Sammlung von Reisbriefen, u.s. w., n t t . G, nscnni
Schweinfurth mi F. Ratzel.; (V) Emin Pasha in ijAi '^^men ttwtn f$jn t n f f f f ntcAS ma ito ntnn nncn
East Africa, nwn ib-!v f.; (s>) H.IVI. Stanley, In w n ^ nnfwn, m-amttm * Atn^t-t f n w tRmnmn mfm^mn
Darkest Africa, nwn ib-S.o i wR^ nntcwn wm g.s (io) atAt w n I nsfnnstm'wtRm mnmm ^tewtwRissoi f.-mRn*
R.L. Hill, A bibliography of the Anglo-Egyptian iJsoo % ^mfnn (mfR) t f t ^ ttn w n i Swn t f t W w fwR
Sudan, At., n ^ ivos., f. iAto, i8C--to, Rt^; (ii) sttn G3fcw sttn ^ wfsnsts w n i
Biography catalogue of the Library of the Royal wwgtn twR wsns nncn fnetn SJS-AIS ttnfn-Sntm m'antm
Commonwealth Society, nwn iSstoi f., ii8-iie; tsiAtst ntcAcns tnfs tnn 'mnwtw' * ttnfn 'Sntm m>anim
( i A ) Wtngn ntAnR wtn-ntnft, A bibliography of the f n R WtAmn n s R f f t nteAcsn fnsst 'm^mw' 1 ^ sscsn i
Sudan, 1938-1958, n ^ iStoA % Rn^ I W f R flW wtnrtf^^ msm cwm twR fsetn mssenrs nR mns-tnt^ *
Rf^tw tai^ttnt m, wtt cnct^ i v v e ntn, Rncsn ?tn@ n i R fwtfsift wtffssin Wfnnt nsfnewn i
nten ntAtn m^ wffnft fttcnn nnmfl n w c n (archives) fwR iô8 f. ^^Rwtn ffc^tntfiw Rtettm' nnfwcns
ntnf^w wtCA I Calrlnt, o/i8, f . AOto; Photostat Copy, ntnstntn stnR fntsRn ten Rf^ 'sn i tsnit stns fwR nnfwens
School of Oriental and African Studies, nwn i W^-tnwt'm mwm tswtctn f s s f f ten fng^ sn i wmft^n
P. IVI. Holt * Schaade (E.I.2 Suppl.) / mtnts sftci#fss nnrnn wtme^ ^tfts ten fnf^ nscsn i
tf): m. m. nt^fnnAnRf'*! itsso f. fwR nsfnmm wtfnm ntnmntn ftwss ten fnf^ sn
liint sstft ten ste tf%st cnn i
^ I ^ H l ( < J L ^ I ) s sttfR n t f f Stttjtn w^ntf fnmmn
i j 8 i f . cnt tswtctn t n ntn m w mnntm WtRtm ^^Rt^fsw
(wi)-ian mm ftn ntn i ^fiw wtA, cn wfftn Stn w r ^ ntw
AS, wtn wnrtm f^twsn nesf fs^ft mesn* m w wtcnn mt
tM R # f n Rn, >iin#n wtAt ftn RfB t R w nictn i
mssttsess ffcstntn nnfwn ntn;} ntftc nnR ^ t n w n i
wtftnt ^îtsntn (wt)-ian wtfR> ntntrnft <iR5 ?ncTn 1nf& wfftft
twR nnfwnftn n t w mnn w n >iint wtnesf m^ mnrnm*
Atn W R I wcnss ntnts t n <at wfft wtnts fninntn .(wt)-tiin
stfwf^ w n I
tnf5 RRnt wtcn i tAt âsstt wnnffw cftntf=t^ <Mltf i
i;8; f. ttfnsw n n w wtmess sfR Stentt tRnenn nnm
5f^t#) t Grunebaum, Neue Beitrage zur
nem%5 w n i icc-8 f. fwR m^ wtRm ntnmntn csw m^ntntn
Semitischen Sagenkunde, {. AAA t. i
(E.I.2)/ ;a.;<in.ian. ntAfp nAnR îflsi
ten Sff An lant i<to!-ian cnc't^ tms S^^ ten nmn
ttew I isto8 f. ste f ^ t w fs^ft mesn m w 'mrn^n
'wrrf)f[5f Â,5iH (jLu^^vi f ^ ^ ) s fAtmn, ntRm, fwntn' nntwenn tStesn mfm? ttnn w n i
fsfft, wtn-fsftRf wtn-ntntsmit, AA fAinstn, ioAS>/A8 fjpft ntcsenn mRtw aj^tten nA fnisl'i fssw * m#rft
t n m f t Rscsstn
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Contents
Wlfl? 8bi
R i l f t w ^ t ? t % i I ??f5w w s t f t f f e f f w t ? ! ft^ftrPt's w t r o w r f ? f f c f t t t t f t t t t ?r!:|? f t t t w c f ?r??w ^ttte?

fffttro iffwfi wtc? I fwft f f c t t TO-wtfo-TOtt t f s i T w c f ? (Wlw-wT?tf, w i f t , i t . , i v S o , i v s i f ; t f ? t l R , ? t . , o ,
m w ? t j t ^ r o t "wtftt, f f t f R ? , f t f ^ f f i t I t w tftt i?'!:, i?fe; WI?R1t, f t t t t , i f . , ff, ? i ; W t t - f f f f , W t t t f t -
f f t f ftrowwi?! f r o w t i t i ' S ' W t f ? wfc?tc? w ' r o s f c ? R i t i t i , ro ff) I t f r o t f t t w w f i c t c t t t f f w ^3 ctt? cw? t t ?
t t t w c t t t % w fwft c?? t l t t 2 ( r o W R t I c t f t f i t f ? t ?t?jtct? Cft? w i r f ? t t f f f R s w t f ? (?i w t f ? ^ - w t ? f ?i
w i r o R t f w f f f f f I twft arm m f w f w f - f t w w ? ?5ffwt ?i wrfft-w?t) t t t '5t 1 w f f i f w t c t ficttff tft?ttcf
t i f t f I w f f w i f f w f fwft t f w t r o t t c t t I wi?ft w t r o ?tfw ?l?t?i f t t ftcwwt t t f t f ? c t t t f f w f?ct?, w t f ? t t t ^
w t r o f w ^ f t f t i r o f f c t f - f t c t c f trtfw t i w f t f f t e ? i w t r o (wr-WTtlf, w t f t , i t . , i V V i - V 8 , ? o i O , ?off8, ?ffO?,
f f t f ? f t t r o f c ^ t i t ffcs f t ^ ^ s ?fffeO, i.'bob, ^'bOS, ? ^ 0 1 , ?^Sff, ?'b'i>?, ?11ff, ^V'bS,
ooff i ; wtt-ffs?f, t t t w , i ? , i o , O i , o ? , o o o , o o ? , ooff ;
(X) ^ 2 I L L J _ I ^ (X) JLIVIJ 1 ( ^ ) L
? l f f p 1 ? , % ? o 1 , ?ff1) I
^JL (<5) ^ J -. <: _ ^ ( ^ J L ^ I - a ( I ) ^ j ) .RI'II J I^. 11 t t t t r t t f W C t ? f t t R t t C R f f t t f f f W f t t t W f RtfttCf?
j c ^ Y U : (A) 4 i i J i ^ j ^ j L i (V) ^ 1 j ^ j i (-V) tetr f t f f r f?r f "5TCT w f f w i f t t ? t ^ t ? cw:5!t
w r f f c t ? f f i i t f f r o f?t-1 w t f ? t t t e ? f f f c w ? , t t f ctcf
Cly^ (S.)^^.^\ J^l ^ (^) ^ . 1 ^ 1
c t t t t f w ? f f ? ?f??ilc?, C5tft t f w t f w f c t c f f ? t e t ? ?swf
t f f t ? ( w i w - w t t t f , ? t . . Iff; w t t - f f f f , t t t w , ^. Off;
W i R - t t R t f , f?iW, fft., O o V - O i ? ) I f f t t s f ? f C t f t f C ? ?
f f f tic?? ron f?c? f f c t i t i ? W f t f W f f w ^c? i o
f t f ? w t f t r f e t ? f f t c w wife?? f R f i t t ? t f f t w f p t i (wtw,
f t ^ ^ r o r , iofesAi w c ^ , ife is t c ? t t f f w t f c ? ? m ?
W l w - w T ? l f , ?t., i'bO'b) Wf?1 f t ? (?1tfl?; WlW-WT?|f ? t . ,
t f f f t f t t t w c i ? t t w t f t c ^ w t r o f ?icf t t f ? f ? i ?? I
Ooo)-m Wf?if I
tifw-s t t t i f f f f C f I t
wife?? R t t f f f ^ t t t i t i t t f e f t i t f t w f ? t I f f f w t f f
( ^ 1 ) 2 (wraft) ctttffw, f t t f , ctwt I f f t f t w ( t ^ f w t ? t w ) f f f ^ f f f c w ? I f?t?t t f w f f w t t t f e S ? f f f w
m i t t t t t f ftfwitt ( t t f i t t , <5.1,fe'bs;t f t f r o t , w i t r o t , ft??t (Register) t ? ? W t f t f c ^ , f f t t - ^ s t t t ? W f t f u o ? ,
o f , S O I ) I f Rwic? c f ? t t f t i t - w t t ? (j_aVi ^ j i ) t r w f t ? Ctw? f r o f t f e w ? m i t t t i t f ? f f w R t t f t t i t c ? i w t f ?
t c f t CtffCW ft^Sff ro (S 2 fffe t r o ) ; f f f ? t f c ? "Wlf?' ? ? l Wf?t f r o cw? f f f f f t WtWRlC?? C t W f f f f U o t ,
fft? ? ^ fCfIt tWT ?s?t t t ? (f. Wensinck, t t t t ? ?stfcw? m i t f f w w w t s e t t t R t t f r o f t i t ? ?
Concordance, WlCtlW f R g i ? T ) i ? f f c ? 'Wtfft- w ^ t H f f f c o ? I f f r o ftttf f f t t t e f r o ?re t t w f i t i f f f
f I t f t - m ?r??tc?? w t r B. w t t - f t t f , f f w t f w t i t f t t - t i T r t r ?RFW3R ?r5t f t ? R ? c w j g t w i f ? w f f f f f ^ f f u o ? i w r f ?
ro V ; w t f t l t t , tfswtft- t t t t f t t f , ro O S ; w t t - t t t f f , tfew w i f f f f f f f ; f f t t t f f f f ( t i f t f f - ? w t ) - m tttret
ffwtfR-ttttftif, ro iv, f f w i f R - w r t i t f ) , ro o ffwtf wt?-'*{ttt ? w ?5t?c5? I f r o m w ? f t t r t - w t i w ( ? i f w ? )
wtitftR-fffwtt, ro fe I ?tfc? ?ffe wtc?, iiiffsii? ( t ) - c f at?f m w ? c t ? ? ^ fiffsw I f f f w t f f f w t f ? f r o ( R i f t f i - t t f t t )
f ? t ?? 2 w t f T O f c ? f i ? i c f w t f ? t i r o ^tc? (j-^^ ffettf f f f t ? t i r o R t t f f f i t wife?? w f e ? f t t f c t ? t?cw
^^)f w?tc? f f f ?ct?, cwtt?l ?ft w t f ?1?5? (?t)-Cf w i f ? t t r o t w ? ^ f f ftttet? t i r o w r f t c f t f t t t c ? R???I? f?t i
? H t , w t ? t ^ t c t f ? t c f w m r s r o t i c f fftc?(L.i wfffW? I S f f f f t f - f C t f t f C ? t f w ? WftffJFCt ffffft
j J I I -.J n) 6 J J ^ WI?R1t, f t R t t , i t . , iofe) I W f ? C W t f t ?i w r f ? ) f f f ^ f t t '5t 1 f t ? f t ? t f w t ? r t f t
m t t ? ' ^ '*iHn?ii? t ? ? w i ? f w i t - w r t t f t w c f t t l ^?ic?, f f f f f t ffettf fffe? (wr-wTtif, w i f t , ? t . , i i s o , i f f o i ,
^>UoVi ^ j_oi ( f t r o , it., i i v ) I ? i f ft?i?i-mtf? iffoS)I
wnstcfst t t ? <tf=i?ii? ( t ) f ? t c f m t t 'Sttjtct? ctwt t f f ^ w i f ? t t f f t e t ? w f r ? r o fffc? m i c f f t fgr Mf
ffttiftct? I . fttte? I t t r o t w fgr? f r o t t i t ctiffw -st i c t t ? c t t ?
ttttCSI? f t t t f f f c t ttfw w f f w i f f C f *WlffR (B.) w i f ? w t f ? f ? t e t ? t ^ ff??tet? w t r ffttffr Rtw f t f t t f i t t ? I ^pt?
f t f w r t i f ^ f t c f t t i f f t i c f ? i ? r o f t t -sstfir? ( f . ? i f 5 ^ f f f , t r o w? ^ff? f R f t ? f t ? tfwtfesit
Documents, f. o<!3, ov-ofe, vo) i t t f W ? tCftC?? ff??Ct ft^tffwffte? I
t t t i f fffcwt
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Contents
8to^
w t f n f n f ^ stewn i >it nnn wtnAtfn-ntfn (mss fnmt

fwRt m wm?ra 5 m , t w R tfsnin ssfnrwn mi ifsttt)-iiin n ^ n ^ tfsntet f f w t t t s t f l n i wtAtm
tflWTSJiFt WfCiit wtft <>RcH I W - f ! R n n?Cft*R * ^nnjWS wtfnens ^ f m sicsetn wn?f m t e f tfmtess stfwennn catst
csw Atcss flsswn wTAts ii'tfw?ncs % t 11%Rt tnmsiRf * ^^fncwn I sstf nstntn t % F t mm nemfw stewn nfnm wtmm
nssslfl <î[b|51c^^S CSWn aWR <1>RC^'^ I W l % W-tR^S'S <MSI<)'f, ^ r f o w t f e n n w f n flenn m i -at n ^ wtftcnn <pis4it
csnn f n , mss5, mn, nnmft tmsw * ff cnsrms * M t t mess wet^mfw n t f ^ st^ I wtm m?t nti<wf <t>sfbif * wtfncnn
wf nssmA ^^fscwn i wicss S ^ wtn (Smmt mnntnen) wmtn-wfnmcnn nrttten wnmmnetn wfêntetn w w * .
minted c f s n w t ^ I tsms-fscsMJ nsntn w m mftfn-mwtn tnsn-ntwtfnn m n ^ l a w R
mmw wtmcss wm n%in 'jn^ cmn "wtlnn R f i f jjvsn w w t f n f ^ ^ e w ttess I
w t f CSS "^f^ wcnsntn ssfnm nrt i ftmenn w f n f w s s wtnsrf ttnmnenn attn fness w f n m t t w t f n t m m n t w
"wtfnn tsfn-msms m stmnmf flenn cn, fwfn wtfntncss* cn*ntf * wsltnfwss S w n armn nsw^ mw -mncwn i f f ?
. tfnnwn nsfnew n ^ flenn (wtn-ffnf, { . ÎA, I ^ ; wnfwfsms wtfesn ne^ nesf w < fnnnss s m ^ t r n n mfm? ttnenn
tsn-'wtsfnn-mtwt, fWA' fnnn, -f. i i b ) i wtfn fnw wtcnet w m lasswn ftns ^^^wt ("wtfnn) fnfs; Antn f f w sf#tw AS
wnmninets fnnss t%pt wtm wtms-sifwfnfns wm ntn'wt at^t (wtn-fsmf, f . ibft, is.A, A i o ) i
^^pfnewn i wtfn wtms arenetn wm t ^ w nnntes catfnw wtfts aimnw atcnctn witn-^tm n ^ -ant sss wtmn
sifwfnfnncnn* enf^ fnen i fwfn cttajststn, nsfn * ^mftfsstscis fnf^5ww:tn mfnc^ tnemRtw ên i cmn C S S R T^mn w t f n w
msjen wtm wsf nm * tfw stn*fn ^^fsm wnnwe^ stwtfnw ^fnew ff% w t m n*fp ssfsew tttne^n ânt <cs>si w nr^p nfnew
cbtt ^msT^ (wtn-ntntff, wtnmn, s A t., i o i , i i ^ - i i i ; tttnewn i fwfn ^îfn wne^tens w t w f n m n mfncwn -ant
P e d e r s e n , i n M e l a n g e s , G o l d z i h e r , i t , AoA) i fnetnw w t f n n?e^ wnemesn nstnt w f n m n nen, fnetnw
wtfn Rw stent wtm ntwntf wjtt s>fscn wtms wftf^fwcw w r f n . mm wneam cstnstt w f ^ wtms ntst ^^^1^ wtmn
nstn tfetnnts wm i^t^wn ffwtnfn fnî? nfncsn (wtn-fnmf, f. Wfnmn stw -ant w i wtAts tn^jfw* nftw (wtn-wtAf^*fstf, f .
i o , o e , 8(S>,to^,toft;Wtw-wimf, At., i i 8 o ) I S.S.-ioo; Wtn-fssff, f . iSsA; Wtw-Wtmf, o t . , l i t o - l ^ i i ) I
wtfnew enwn mm sfttnfnns mm (wtmnt) en'om ^ i attn "winsrf ttnmnenn nntf^n f c s f f ^ f w n tfsn^n cntt
cmn C S S R i s n f s m t n ntewn fw^ Sttn wtntt ^^fnewn i cnnn cnn Twtn-m'fnftnmmwtf tnAT^css fnnenn w r f n t n f ^
mnm nsm, ntw? ?tew fnews wm 'jtns wtt atAt w t , -ttwm nsenn i f f f fwR Rew ntwmf mtmen ttfwit tnnen ^ w n
ftnten ett t n j fnapcn m&ssRtfw w t wtm nwstm wtmn w atfwRR catnt w n ; âsswn trstw W t n mm w m , w m - a w R
twitfn 1 wenns wtfn s t p mtn nnm nsfnenn lant ctn Smmt mmew tmnfw n w w m i w - f f t m w s ^wm mess f n
t f leictis ttnntnen wtfnenn m^f nmf^ t n wtmcnn fnnn tn tnnen. vatsit w f t f ^ wtftnenn mm atmfnw f|n
nmf% n?cw w w wwj fwtmn^ tifwew tfntw Atsifit i ( W H - t w f , f. ifrft) I
wtfnenn fnentctn nnn fnetn w f ^ nnen t%Pt stenetn -at ntfssw wtn -ansfS Scatemtr tfnmon nc51 w r f t s t t
wtnn wfsstf ews nrnnw fnensm <t=fsc^*i (wm-ntntff, f ^ ; ^. tfnn ^^fss f n f ^ stcn* Rfnt tfsmt w css^tn essimttes stmn
i 8 t o wtn-wtA'f^*tntf, ^. e i ) i fwn t % F t mmntw fwnmen ssfsm sjcnet WtAts f m t t f t ssw^ mw ssfsewn i -at n w wrfs
wtfn Remt nsfnewn, fnetnw ctn Sntnit t % m t t ffw R w R w aicnet n t % i <p^c^<i ajfwtt w n i t f w ne^ wtmens
W f n n t Sifse^-t i n t - a w ^ fln cn, t%its fnf^ stew fnemtta ntcsn,
'wi<Mif ttn^tt* sttPiR^ cêaj Smmt ffwn wfnnt t # w nten f w m ti^ nsm sten liint WtAtnt men f g t ^ ^
S'RsiflW't I wen isRt fwn wmmm strn^ mm stttnen wcnss stes I fwSfncnn n t f w t t w * fstntenn n t f wtftn -at snenn
tfssfn mfsw An i "wtsm^ ttn^tt cttDn tm^Fcwn tfnnew ttn^-tfnmn flenn i w t m t n c w c w w r f n fm * fgtn
wfmtwtflns ffw atnwn w n .ant c^#nw?tn Sts cwtn C^R I t # w mcnn nesf fnewens w f^'^fsm ntseitn sswb^ t f w
"wtnsff ttnntnen wfmmtt wiftn 'wtMif ntfnenn nm w f f m e n tRtw Atsiflcft i n t f w f n , n t f t t f n , n t m f * n t f
Atet fnfip ssm Atw i f ^ wfnsttt c^rat ^stmm wtnmwean Atnrnn lits;t wtftsens Sntsst i
nnm flenn 1 Smmt ttnmncn mmstw "wtssens nm ê wtfn wenns wtfts* cnm nrs, mmm fncwens tRnen c w
f n ^ w t ^ j ^ I 'wtnsif ttnntnen n^ t m f ' f l t n n ^ w n wcnss wsfsn wn^^Rcn -antS^ w^scn f R ^^c^'2n*rm?nit t f w
t n n t f fnsicsstn
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Contents
8^ W1%'Wtf.RltfFf
WtTf w stmt tttc?; Rtwtit's tmfr ^ l ^ f ^'SfT^ ( ^ 1 ) 8 Wffc f ? Wf^'^M?

w i % w I i t t r o t w i % w f e w f t % t R i f'STinrf w t f t t t , W t f t t , WW C t f ? ?tWt??tC? t C t f ^ f t B # e t T ? W?It I W t f ^
tirot fefct? f ^ t c t w t % i^w%tt, f r o i i t tjittct wi? ^pwtctf? w t t e t w t f ? w f ^ t t w f t . w t w t ^ t t f c ? ? ^ t t ? f
wsftif fIctt I w r o t t i w i i t w t r o t t iltl t f w t t t w w t w f l e t t I f f ? f l e t t i i f Wwt? M ? j ? w t f ? 's i^ftt wet?
f w t w t t t t f r c f c t t w i c w f c w t f t t tscat I ww*ft i t c s f t t ^ f t w ? I f?w? w t f ? f r o w f e ? ftfro? i t t f t f ?
(Circasslon) WttCt f t t t W l f ? t c t ? tCW f f ?
t f ? f t f s fftc t t c r o iltl t f w ? t w t f t f t f ftcwct's
f t W f t f t f ^stc? 1 f . A.N. Poliak, Feudalism in
w w t fftc ttcro'i w t t t t f f t c f t w w t t f t f wtw?
Egypt, Syria etc., London, 1919 f , t . oo; D .
tit?ict ftwt ? # ?ftw f r o i 'w?^tfct? t l t t fftc ftro
Ayalon, Studies on the Structure of the Mamluk
w c r o iltl 1?|Cff? f f c f ? 'J??Tf?it t f w ? ftfS ^5tc 'WT' Army, BSOAS, ife(?8, ife'bo, ife-bb- i
w fftc WW ^ c ? I etc?? t w t i t w t f t t fttCWCttCf
D. Ayalon (E.I.2) ctt?l^t t f t f ?
w t f ? ? i c t t ftfr fftc W c r o I wst? 'wwf?-?lTrt?
wtt-Wftt? ftcwcf t f w ?ftw c r o t t f c ? t I f w e t ? 's t t f t f ^srr^ 'WTT^, wtfm ^ 1 ) sfro'w?!
t W ^ C W C f wife?? t f t ? C ' S t t f ?W I
iV8fe ttet? b i l f f t tftTt? f t f t r ? I f r o f f t i r o c i ? wtft
w t f i t tttc? I w t f ? "wtf? f f f f t wt?"ro w r w T t t . r o t r o
W t t - W W ? f ( f . 8 ? V i o v 3 i ) c t t t t i t w ? w t f ? tt1?
^ e w f t ? ttc?? tesf ct?t?i?f?ict iiofe ^f. t?c wtet? i
stffR? ftw# ft??t ftwcw I ft?iff wfv^ wftwf
wft? tt?tro jtf f f t w 'sftw ctet w t f T T t ft? f t t f t t t c ? ?
w t f ? t e t ? tesf f f t i f f c f ? w f t w f w t f f c t ? W f w t ^
w f e ? 'Mff t t t t w?ct ttfrot ro i w?c? f T f t f c t t ^
f f t r o t ? f f ? fttw f f e t w a t f f f e w t f ? c t ? ( t w ? r g t -
wt^T'sW f ? t e f wtfS f t t t t t i t I
tt1W) t W c f w t c w ^ f f t t i e ? ? I ? ^ f?et's ftcst?
w t f W t ttc?? fat Wwtw "wtf ro t ? t f c ? ? ( t w f c t t )
i i f t r o WW ftft i t c a f ? w t f ? e t ? i t te ?? tfttw f f f t
t@tw w f t r o t t t f f e ? ? w m c f fttt? w w ? i Wwrw "wtf
ct? ct, t f w ? sm WtTf f r e t ? w f "wr w f t ? t fftc w t t
f t c f t t t t f tc fsff I W ft?e?. I "wtaf's w f w r o f i t
fftc? ( f . Gibb. in Isl, Cult, ife^s1 '^.) I
f r o t f ? wr? I w r r o f i t ? w?T?ffe ^ ^ t f t t ? t f w t f ?
Wt?ftCf ft. 8sf/(?t W s t f c (iot/iit %) Sftft
?t? f ? i w t ( t ) - i i ? # ? f f t?c? ?iw flet? I t ^ ? f r e t f r o
w i t w w f t f Wte?? t f ? t w f ^ tc5 mx t f c t w t f t f W t ?
f c t r t r t w r ? w r f ? w r f WTW f f f f ? tesf i i t w w t w ^
afiffe TT Ii t t f t ? f t wif?et? w r t t t r o ctro-e tt? c f c t I
ro?? I
wtwf wtftf 's t t t f rot? W t t t t c t ttwct wtf?f
w8t? w'wtw "wrf ^ t f c s f t w wtet? I "wtf? w t f ?
f f f f t t c f (tw WW W t ^ ? i f ? Wtw ^tffcfs)
? ? t ? t ? w t i t ? t? f r o f f w WW ro i f ? i c t ? w ? f t
w t f ? t t t f t ct'sw I t?t WrtfWt C^. 1^S^S/i^S^S^S)-il?
w s t f i t I w r f ? "wtf ^ f f f c t w ^5tc iv!ii'f. ft.il. t r t
?f?t? ilt t f t f o ? t w f t ^ wtcwbw tftttc? I f f ? ? ^ ro??,
f C ? t I ibnblr [. f f ? tf?tet ift. il. ff w f C ? t I ?3lt?tW
f r o t t ? c t t rost W t f f f f t f f c f wrf? t w tt
fffffwrte?? f f t t flet? f t t f t t t t iit. i i . i iirbc*[. ft. iit..
w w e t ? e f ?t?Ttt ti?wet? w w w r ? f ? stw? f W t t i r t i t r t f f f t r w r f ? "wrf w r t ? w t r o ' f ro?? i t ? f t f ff% w
wwet? f r o wf?f f i t t t t f t f ?Titic? t r o ! rot (Isl.. f t f w w r f ? "wrf ib-lo ^. ffw ro l i\rHb f . inner
ill. 367) I Temple '^te f t r f f f f f t t f f f W f f f ff^W^t WtcttC^ CtTf
f f t f f 8 f t f t ?tet? f r o w f t f f f . f g '^tt i w f t f f e Ct? I f r o f c f f t t w w w t e w c f w s f ? w ? i t c t f ? c W f
tfWt I W t J t W ifWftf, ?W W t t - W W f f , t w f 'wttftt- ?rtftf??ief cttfw? fc?? I f f f f i c t t . f f f w w wtcttcS? f t t
Tlftt, wtt-fff, wtt-ttf-ff wtt-f I f f T W f ?ffe f t f t t wttff? I f t t t t w t ? t ^ t f ? wt? f w c f wt?
f f t ? f e ' Q f t f ? ?tet? w e t f t f t r o ?tt?tc? i f t f t fwf*fti?f? tj?W cweai f f f f f e ro? I .
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i t f m ^tc t f f t w f t f ? f # R >\v\(.m crotwct wtft tfFt?f% t ? t f ? t?CtlffT? f f f Cttw The Law of

w r w I i V I l '(. t f f t ' C T ^ wf*Rlt cwwwwt Evidence Applicable to British India, Civil
iiwrtfttraW f f W f t M f f t f t i t ttttsi? TO^tftf C 5 W t ? Procedure Code A commentary on the Bengal
tT*H w t I i t tftltf t i t W t f t n f t t t t t w s i f t WSfSti%"<5 tenancy Act.
s t t f t o I tl?t wtt i t t t t t f t WW f i t f e ^ t t t l t I w % iVV8 f W t f ? 'Wtf i i f twtw tlWW t t t W C f ff?t?fC?? I
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f f f ^1? w f t t ? t t ? t f t t i ? W i W I t f?55}t fitf WI I ?lft?'Wf C L E . (wtl i b - V b ife^S. % Indian Civil
i v i l w f t ? "wf c??ft cttwttttt. w t t t t t ? t w Service ^tc W?t? f ? t fC?? i f f f ? f3t Wt? W f f f W f ?

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tfft t s f f W W t f f t f w i t t ? ? Tagore Law Professor t f f ^ ' w f w t f f ' w f tfwc f t t t t W f t I
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tfwc? f t f t t t f f w ^tw w f t ? "wft W t S t t f W f f t ? f c f i I f w ? wt?t?r? t f f w ' ( f f f ? fff^ f t t t t c t t t ?
f t t t t f t C f f t t c t ? W I ifeoV t f f t ' f t t t t #f'-il? t w ? f f f f t f t t 1 1 t r t t ? t t t r t l c t ? tww f T t w t w t f , wt? wi??rt
W W f t w f C ? ? I f t t 5tct t f f t i t wtt? twtt f i c t ? I ' w f c?f, trt? f f w t f t wt?'wt f f t I 3 f t t ? f??wtt?
t f - f f C ^ ttt? tlW? ftfC-IO t t ? i t tffff f f f f fffw f w t f W f ? f t t T? I
f ? t f c ? 1 1 ^ t t w t i w ? t j t f i ? f t t w t c w WW ?a w t t f f f ft i (>) Autobiography (Islamic Culture
t?.?w:t? cwia w % *w% f t f w t c a f c t t t i i 1934-35), Eminent Mussulmans GA Water &
wft? "wf? # ? c t ? tfiztt f f f tm! wtt? f t t ? Co., Madras 1926; (?) Calcutta Weekly Notes
t t t i c t ^ y i f tf fm? 's fftf ttilc>t5i t f t t l ? t ^ I i t cwai 1928; ( o ) W.C. Smith, Modem Islam in India,
f w ? tfcsf^ W f W The Spirit of Islam ( i V f e i ) W t f London 1947, Index; (8) H. A. R. Gibb, Modem
Trends in Islam, Chicago1947, Index.
t l t f f f f I t f s t f t t t t Wtt, ftR?W f f t ? f?C?f i t f f
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t c g t t t l t J f f "A Short History of the Saracens" i^^^-'jsv/ivoi-ff?) t t f t i t t t f ? tftt?? fttn t?w??tf
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f f t t t t t f r ? t f c g t f f " The IVIohamedan Law" t f f t f r w ? ?rsftw? ait?tt? f W f w f t ? ? I sttttwf? w t f ^s
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w ? T l W f f ? t t A. Critical Examination of the Life f f t t t i i t i w f t g5t? ttt i i t f ? t ? i t f f f f f c t w ?
and Teachings of Muhammed ( i V l o The W W f t I 3Ftt?t? f f f t 'f?W', 'ttt' 'vS?tf?-t ffWlt', W t f ? - t
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t t w f ffftftt
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ifeoi f I WW ro I cf? ? e R ? W f t t f f f i f t c t f r o t ? R ?ttif?'=i
'Wf^-?'it?j w r f f W f f l f (W.W.t.)/ f . w ? ^ w^R t?RS??R? I
fff ft S (i) ?1Wro w t , WWff?' W t f ? W - W W f?TWT
j-H- '0 w f ? fH, t t ? f (tlCff W f . Henry Thoby Prinsep,
(iib-i/i1>bb- ^ t C ?ff f r o i t - t f ? I , i?ffo/;^fe W ^ t ^ , ilr08),
The Memoirs of a Pathan Soldier of Fortune,
wf?5f-w<3W, w f ? ^ - f t f , f i t f ? w m , t t ? ?"tw f R tt?.
ilro?); (?) John Malcolm, A Memoire of Central
Tft? f R (tfft ttt ro WCt.ffftf), t f ? WCt f R , cfia India, tw?; (o) Prinsep, A History of the
ww?WR, cft^ ftcwj? f f f w (?twftw, r?), w f i f R Political and Military Transactions during the
v5^s^swf (ff?, f'sw, f i f f W ? ) I wft ro t l c t ? "wf f ? T r o Administration of the Marquess of Hastings,
tr? c f r f w ' s cfftc^f ttc?? i i f w ? ?f, f r o f ? ; W?T tt? i b r ? o '^.; ( 8 ) Aitchison, Treaties, Engagments and
W t w c t (f?Rr?ft csfw) t t t t t f fc?? I f f f ttft? w f t r o Sanads, ^f., ifeofe ^z, (ff) W W f f f?Tro WTO; (b)
fict? I f t t ?tct w f ? ttc?? iwic? t w w ^ twtwt w w f wftrt f?Tro W R t i ? " w f Wf?;, w f w t - w t w w t - t
f f t f w ^t?it?=i I w t f t i f ? f i t % f f # ? ? f r o w t wff w 1 c f I f . f f T f W ffww-t t t f t , WtW; ( 1 ) . W f r o f r ? t n w # ?
f f f f f w ? f f f i i t trftc? w ^ r o wftt w f t r f c ? ? i ftf f f w Wtlf, trs^ro f ? i w t wtf? tH I
f w c f trftc? w r o wsff. w ctw? f c t f w ? ?^-?tw?t^ R t t ? t f T (W.W.t.) il.iH.ilt. Wnf? ?nH f iBt
t t w f fttCftt
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(iffsT*) Rîtft 8toi w r f s f f s t (fnnr-s) f n s m f
"STT^ (fl^^) iwnft ( j ^ ^ ^ 1 (i) ar^nrm f mn s nm (^) ^."fptwn-Rntn, ffetm

(_5_JUJ) 2 StuAidC'm Rfftt toft i/i A f f o menrniewnS-gs ^fnwr ns.wn, wtfntfnss toii/iAHA; (n) 'onmtw^n-A'Tntw,
greneti w f w tm^ cwntn mfwm# ( f f s R mmtn)-(:w wmsfAt nsjs?jens ^fnm mm anen wtfntfnsstob-o/iAirsnen nsssfnw
w n 1 wrms fnm mnf#n nt^'^n flenn ^#f, fnfn fnwtn AS; (n) "nnt^-nnmn, e#5 siiens nsfnm mm anen wtfntfn^
mnf#n tn^tfnt-iira nnn wmew wtnnn nnmn -ant fnwtens toSio/iASio men ntfnw AS; (n) ntR'mt mR'mt ns^fnw
cnmntft%w wfnmtenn m^ft af^n nnmn; wtmn mm ntgrewtn wrfntfn^ tito/i-sito men; () fnAimwn-nnmn, wtfntfnns
wmwn 2iwtnm# mf^ tm^-^n^--im nmir i wrfn fnsin ffn HAft/ioAft nten nsnsfnw i
n'Intfnten ^ntnwr stew^ -aR arfwjpRfn n^fn flenn i wt& (A) wm-mnm (a^ atX) s nm ntwmt'Sn-wm^-sntn,
ntnn nnen wtmn fmmn tf^nnenn an wtfn fnni mwrness tos.v/iAs>v; (a) ' f f n 'em fns^, tow/iA^b-; (n) wtfm-t
ine^ ntfnw-mfnw ^n i mwrmiAS f ^ an fnwm nnnenn fnmnmf,tos>s>/iAs>s>;(n) mtw fsftt, Hoi/iooi; () mwfn
"wtmS^ f%rf menn wfen mfft mt w m i nen ^m nmm,tos>b-/iAs>iri
fnwm nnn wftn aa nrfn'n S^fm fn^m mne^ ntntntn nwnn (-3) ntntfnmtw m f R ^fnm i
fnemn w n wnn wrfn tnn; wtmn w f n nnw nênn i tmn ( 8 ) nm sMtsf g nm (^) mmtfn-f'jA'; fnwm 'wtmS^
fs>%4M aen Rfn fnm menn ncsr msmn wtenn, wwsan fnlf ntn#s fnwn <Mftf i (a) wtwtfn-nn*nitn, fnwtf^r wt^fnms
armrnwn w n -ans fnwtenn cwr^ aa fAtmn wrtn ntfmw mnmnw m f w^^m mm wtfn fnn; wrmess 'liSi/i-sis, nten
fkamnsm mw nsfnm wtmn nw fnmn nmn w n i Sams cnn; (n) fwm-t fsntf, wnsnnsns nm ni>mn nfmnfA
tob-o/iAb-8 men cmw<in nftw few fAtmn fnAw An * mm iij!i/iis> men nm A S I
wrfn fnni n# A^r -ans,%t ff^* nt w n i wwgan fwfn fnft (ft) v^fwAtfnss nnnr s nm (ns) fwtfn-ntmnn, n^^f AS
fffnm wtenn mi ntfn^ "wi^ mnwmmn Atwm mens wfen tobb-/iAb-s> men; fnwm f t f ^ j f n wtf'rnn -s wtms ftm
m f f afsn ^mnm wemsir nnn nsenn i fnwm f t f i f f n nnnf ntn mR's^^ fnm am wemnrm ms^ n f n ftes nt^tsnn ntes?
tovto/iAVH nten wtmn fn'm ntenn nft ntnnt nsfnew nr^mf; (a) fnwt^m-ffA", fnmn wtnffftn ftsin atn#s
nwie*r nnn ^^fnen wrfn fnn; wrmn nft An i Atwm mn mnft fswesn San -iift mAntf snm, mmtoSso/iASiimen m=a^
wemmin nfnn fnfss ^jên wtfn fnn; f t ntnn w r wtmn nft AS mi 'sfnt^-wrm--an W6,tfnetn; (n) f*nm m f ftfn am
wfwntft nsenn i fnft arwrmfenn wfnfw m nsfnm fwfn fnife wnm wtfnn, - a ^ nt^nf ntm sift/ioito nten ma^ AS; tm
titnwn nsenn mi fnwm nnnfmenn fkatnwt mw nsesn i ^yrwm "wtmSftn atn#n f a f^tms am ntAs^ntmn ntwr n5e<=fn
fnwm wmtf'ftn ntn#a mnn wmen (toirWi>Aco- nsmt cnntnfn ean nnftffnss ^m i tmew ttAstntAfffs am
tociift/iA<!>ft) wtfnfnsiess nm tw trm mtnfnss stwfts wtmsieawtms fnwm nftw rnafWr, cnmtRsn fe'f wtms nftnm mi
tnm w t Atsifin mi i^fwmfnns ntntfn n'=fnine ffn fnwte^ rnfrn^ nnfenn aent^m wtme^ w% nsfnm ATt w m snftf
fnetn firaata flenn i ff? wtntfn-fn fnA sten wtmn Amtnnf annff nnen nsenrfww AS; (n) fA fntaAs-tmew fnwm
wtmSifn ntniln wtfnwr Rfn ffmn nsenn -ans. "wmtS^ -s f w f f m fstst^ trA ain#n e^Ttnent^ ttnnsnens stamn w t
wtms ffe nmn ntenn; wen fR mm wmm mfss>if fkmnns AtsieA, sib/iAib men nm AS; () ânss"rnntA-fnsimenn
nfnm antf^r An i fnw 'wtntS^ mn#s ntw^wtt San f^tntfftn ^nnew fnwenn <j>iftf i sAo/i-scio nten ma^
(toS>ft/iAS>ft-Hift/i-sift) wtfn fnsin f w n f n mftJ msmn -aftm^ntf I
Ssssnn I w r f n f n n ; * wtn>i^H ttwAtn g wtfn fnstn nsnm
wtfn fns^ fnwm f'wf^fn fsisin/iftt twtffn wm#s fnfnn
wtffm ntw nsesn I nwjwt, sn, ffwttw, nsntttean ntm, ftfw * nffwtrf
wrfn fnsi #mnn etn wten fStffm wtfnnn fntitw ms^ fnnmens nsntf m'fn -ann msfwten n'fm nsfnnteAn mm
fnw tffm wtmfnnm f^^tni^ atAt w n I fnmn fAtmn ^nmtessm wtnn%T wtnw-atsm ntftem wm w^n-s wm nsn AS ntt i
RsAtnn wtestAenn w r ^ mn an H A f t / i o A f t nten wtfn fns; wtfn Knsi afwae^ -^fwAtfnns flenn m i wtms s M i s f e
tfesnn <pR?r wrmess fnwtffn wr^fnmn ntmess amenet m w nnnmfn^ ni. ntmn nf^ -s atwrîrfn nfm mfssen^
w t AS I wtfn tfsin fn^R^ n^mn# wmtR nwmn g -^fwAtRss nsfnm m f-snm -s nmtnnfeA w f R mnn tfAtens
tnntf Rêsnn
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W 1 % TO 8<b\r tlft?ffstTt
tttf?^f? ff^-il? ffff 5tcw 5ft TI) ttf CfR S f t t ? ff?fw

t^ra f r o ^ T O f t w ? WlWt-Wf|f% SR-TOtfffsTCf ?iwt f ? t f wtftttff "is? ?eR? ftt f r o apfiffff, ?1wS?tff,
?iWft? ffit frw? wTfftT t i ?#?!(::?? I I f ? f r ? tfttff fftttWf tttff Rf? ftt? fCt? I f r ? RIttff
?b?1?% vottfs? ffttTORW^ ffww i(>iRfi| t T O S f ? WTO TT t f f r t wfettW
RttfftfC?3 tCtJ fTO fit i W / i b - 8 b - RtCt?
wf%f *ifwn:?? I wtf? f??f3 tcw tffrrt TOR f??-?nftf f r o ffwtfbf w?,ff?t ii?i i?so/ib-ffvb tfct titifw r?i
ffR? WITO-Wfiicf? fitff StTORtf ftWR -S Wlf?-tRtTO wtwro I t r f5 i^^-bVib-ffo R^ tf?wH-ii? w f wtewtt
f f W W f f ?t*It??1 Wlf^nftf fSRTttW f t f f I ?Rrffff ilts, i^Hfe WCt f t f w w fttt t?T?8fW?? C?WCf
f f f if S (i) W1?TO f ^ , ?1?tW-f f^; (^) f f ^ f t t f , titftw W f "ftrtf f f f c t ? wTcwR? t f t t f f Wtfff
RITO-t !{t?i ( f f ft-'WTSflt i^po 'Jfw); ( o ) f ? T 5 I t t ? l t ^ wft?t?f tet? f f f wtjwt flet? 1 f tcttw wfwttw.Wftr we?
f ? f t , Wtf? f r s f i f iiftcvsf, tttr?if ifes^ '<[.; ( 8 ) f?W???if f f f w f f f f ? - i l ? ?Tf%;tW CH?<t'^ WtfTO
f?T5l1t r t f ? , Hazrat Amir Khusrau of Delhi, (aide-de-camp) tffff Ww fc?? il?? cfett^#? WW t f f
Cttw ifei^H '[.; (e) f r W f ' S f t f ^ f f i , The Life and ffft t?fC?? wrff Wt3Ct? twf? f f f s s TT I
Times of Amir Khusrau, tftftwl bfeoe f ; (^b) cftittff tfww wrf? tfwit WfWf? t^ f t ww ffwt^
Storey, Section 11 Fasciculus 3., M. History of ftftc wtff& flet? s w w f ? twf% cwwtt? tfc??
India. London 1939; ( 1 ) wt#t f r i T OTO,?T?tw-t wtf? f f f W t f (i^HO/iVff^b-b-), RCtf^b t f C t f ffftCt? t t w
tt?i ff?Rtf, t w f bJiXf'b % ; ( V ) tt.tl. t., b-t.,feOi-i\S8I ( i ^ v o - v ivff^-si), ttf "Sift (i^b-fe-fe>i>/ivi?-vi) -a fffwg
p. Hardy (E.I.2)/witft -jjî^ t t w ftfw?, ffs?TO, CtffbW? WW fCtftfW? twf? I
wff?^f? ft?-ii? ffcft ft^tttwf fww:t wtf? tfwit
^ s r t ^ ftfRRTt is. f ? tifttn)
i:5,Hff/ib-ffb- wet ttC?ff ft? fC?? il?l tw?, fnfft, ftftf,
T f f ^ (jlj I) 8 ?jllRb|<) f f ^ f wtf?, R f t ^ arcttt 'Q Wf? fctfft t f w f ? ?fwttfew t ^ ctrftfc^
xsntct wif?TOffit fro? ffwtf? t f ? tflff, ffcftw iiffw ?ttt?et? tft RTW fC?? I ilt Rf?ffCtt w r o tf? 8^5,
tfttw I W?J Wlf?tt ? W 3 tflff?fCf ifltTO"TOtfffcw? (f. w? wea? ilfft t t t w ? ffwt we? tewef ttcttcf ^rt?
t?ft-Wlf?, fffS, wtf?TOf f f fftw) I fc? I f ? t f ftct iîi3/ib-fffe w t "stcw i^vo/ib-b-b w t ffw
wtff? ftwi?^=t? wlfftct? wiftjfl? ?ir ilt f t f ?lf fff frrffet Minister Plenipotentiary ( wtwtft'S
Rttctf' witjl? W f w ^tttcw (f. ttff, wtf t - t #t?itflf) I ?f)-?ief fffe; T t I
WtfttC?? ftttttet? 'wtf? TO' 'f? 'Wfft'-iil? WtT S. ib-feo 'fStCR? Tobacco Regie Concession ?lw?tte??
W l ^ - t wrrotf, twt. Blockmann ^.<?. bo, 1. ifeb- trtftw wtf? ffwTt, fi?-ii? tft trwffw ffc wfftt
?3i-io; Blockmann-il? Wf. "VIIF, .^^bb-; wtf? ttt-il? fCsl? I ftf WtC5, i t cttt WTTO?t?Wt?-il fffWfW ff*|stW
ffff RWCf g. t*ttf^^ ?"RT?? f ? T ? f , The ffi f W I i t W f t fwft t ^fitCTCfft^-il? w w w t^?ttfftf?
Administration of the Sultanate of Delhi, Rtcr? fffcs (f?iTO r r r oTO,t l f w f t - w w r o i ?TOrtt-t trf?!,
i f e 8 ^ t . , f i f f o ^S ft., fft) I c?ro i f e H i f , Hvbff-Ho ft.) f r o fftff ttc ftwnt
(tt.tl.t.) / il. il?. ilt. t1?ff? ?TIR f it3T fC?? I Curzon-il? te 'Wtf? ffWTt ilfW? ff%RT?
WTfl"?t fRWIt i^L^ j_^l) g "TRT? "Wtf TO t1??if ?rff$?[ef trr flet? (Persia and the Persian
(icô^b-ioiH-iVô-fefe) ft%st tftc?? ft??vt ilTOt? iff f f question, it., f?fgt, tw? ife-b^b %, 'J. 8 i f f , 8 o i ) itT
ttf?lc? Wftfct fC?? I f r ? f t f ? ^ t t Wt#?-?W? fff, ?iwt tlfWft-WtwlW ilt tcf t l T O Cf?t ?5C?? W, ?fftt
tTflf, Wtfftf, ftff il?l WtCfW flwt? tif? fttftcft Wtf? tfwrtcf wi?raw?wtw f r o f t f w t r t ftfro WW ^ f
?tWt?tlW 'Q?^^f f w wtffcw tlct? I ft?f, Wt?f, t f e r t fe?tt?#ee? (?i??tw, H H o ) i wtf? ffwit ?;feff? ii wtff
TSftfffftTt Wt]?? fTO f ? fwtf tcw? ?eR? ??Ct t t f t f fffftai flet? w, t f f tattt? tfft ttc w f ? w? ft crwtt
15TffcW SfCtf fCt? iltl ft??iR C?tWCtC^ ilfW? CtRtffw tw WW fc?? (wrf? tfwit, ftwwt, c?ro ifeov ^. 'j.
ftttw f f f i^^ffo/ib-oH tict f?TTO ft? ttWT3-m Ct?T?tftf i 8 ) I t T tte Wfffw ??, wtf? ffW"T5t Tobacco
WfiTo ?tfg w?cmf fTcf w r w ? e f t t r t r f r o fc?? i Concession-il? tfctttfW fftwtlct? Wtf? Wf ?wt? fttf:?
t r ? f t ^5tcw wrf? ffwtt (ilt tftffit f f f iOoVib-V8 tict ?e^, ??i f f f ttfw ?^ w f ti?wt ftfcwflct? 1 tt?t ? ^
ttwf fffcftt
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n w r a lilt csrnw spinTra fssTO w r i t f ? - s w n s j f s n w m t n liinswn fnn^ nrf^, m S M t e t ^ w f n m f t , afs^ n^fnwt,

- a w t n 'sntsnn A ^ t t i t m s -s -answn <t>ciis w m n r s i e t w t f t n
Witts fnwtsf f s i m t WiAts fStntwss n w n f w msrm f n w t e n n f n t n stwnnmcs wtmess S ^ n m e n wfsfisw nsfnntfin,
ar-bic^sis nfsw WtAts f s (mtttcstf w ^ ^ stetn I nt1%'S5iftn ntmn men ioiVii'-^b- m e n n t w f t n S^sntffsnlt f A t m n ' w t #
t l A - - ^ t s f ^ >IA^lSliKS W m w s i tAnteS wtfts tnwm i:^S.o/ib-10 f t n n r s n f t w w t f t s fnwtn-<as f f m s cntt fnen f s t t w r s ^ ^
men WtAts nfAw t S e s t t ^ t sêsn (nttn's^^ ttA, nrsnsntm, tiA-ian mm nrf%s w t f t s tnwin--as t ^ atAt cgs ncn ssesn ( n t A f
cwASR is.to8 f., f . i A ) I - i t t n w t t e f t t A s i m n , n w <p# t t m m w , tifwmw -sm tiwtsr, cwAsm i^â f . , f . s>b--^) i
wtmens stmn n ^ fsn ntms * S ^ e n s Ri% <ast wstnfw -a wts f n e n f t n e n w s t e t n ncsr Curzon wrmess "-awR n s c ^
f t w w e t s S m n n t e f w i n ntw w t mm wmtnT cnet w n t e t s w t ^ s i i f ^ -s n t n s c ^ n r R " n f n m w f w f t w s^fssicA-t (Persia.
S ^ * ssmiets w m wwjtstiftnwtes S T S A ststeA, mm wtsrst i t . , 8-5i) I
srf^twwtes c n f ^ mfA mi Sm Atew wtmens w n t e t s w m wtfts f n w t n timt-mmfs ntAnttn'mt men tinfSw m^

mm S t s n f t wtm f n % n ssfsew t^m stf^t" (Abdul Hadi n ^ nsfsmflenn i w r s m wtnns n-aiHess aims wtAm tnfns
Hairi, Shiism and constitutionalsim in Iran : a S t c t T t n f C A s n n n e n nf^w -at i - s i e / i b - ^ i m n ^êw
study of the role played by the Persian residents nsesnsnm ewsnm * wtnftcn armf% t t s t c A i -at n?f%'a ^^nsft
of Iraq in Iranian politics, n t t e s n i S > l 1 %, ^. ift) i f n t r m w ( S t c n Sflf^r) rnn^ w r s m t a t f n s ntssnen-s w s w
tAt s j f t w wtfts f n w t n , mnsnn mn * f f s ^ mn f n w t m s R - A t s i c A i t m e w w ^ ^ n ^ nttrns t n t f ntwSnfwss -s n f f n
m*m-msftft-tgs t f w # % silê-^s ntsw mntmes tsfSw flenn i n r f ^ c ^ fnf f n f ^ w t f n fnwtn--an t a n f A tte itst
-fit ^ STi% wtgfnnwtmf msststs atbissisiet f t i s f s w flenn (<^ t w c s m t s m n t c f n ^ f < * w t s s n f n w t i t t n n n m n m-sm
ent^, The idea of constitutionalism in Persian m n I w t s m w t n <pfwtn t a " w r ^ t<fsin--an w r f n f n w t n
Literature prior to the 1906 revolution, in t r s s i f m n ^ atnew ( n t n t m , -st./to-H ( i S i 8 i f., v-oo) -s fne^
Akten des vii, Kongresses fur Arabistik un an^tftew S f l f t t w a n n f e s n e^m csnnftcw m-sm m s i
Islam wissenschaft, Gottlngen, 15 bis 22, August . s f ^ t f t s ( i ) w t f n f n w t n t r s n r f , m w n - t tnrss n r ^ ^
1974, Gottingen iS><Hto %, f . ib-s.-Ao'^) i -annff -atsit f - s n r s m t - t i o i i , ? m n * m m n f n N . S . 8 i - A ( iSiOH f . ) ; ( A )
m^ s'fm m*m ms cs, f w f n w t m t s <pfwts t t s m cn%i cntss, tstss mm, mttsnitfn w t m n t - t prnn, 8t./8 ( i ^ - i o
wtffnsswtstft fwttsens nAcsict -at nen m^ 'snwm m w f . ) , - s o - i ; (-5) c j p f f f wtmfnm, w t f n n n f n *m f s m , cAsm
sscsn cn, wtAtnt "wtmenn fsfn cnt w n t e t n % f w n wm' sstw iSitoSi (8) n n f n fftt-snrsn, mmn m n m ^ - t - t t s f , e t .
nsfnm m t e s n ( c s s % n wtmtnsitw, w t n f t t f n wmtssft -sm cAsm isi-bi f . ; (ft) n t f n m m n - ^ ^ m A w m n f , wtnmnn-mntfn
^ f n t w - t nstfn wtnn-t fntlAntnm, cwAStn i ^ H A %, ASts t . ) i w r f n f f r n n t r s n r f , cAsm is-sft f . ; (-b) f A t m n m m n t m
-at n w n m w t j nc^-s f f g wtftn fnwTn ntn cwus t f w m f n - n m w t m , w t n - m w t f i s -smn-wtms, CASR ivb-b-
^^nwtflns t t n n m n ^ mfnfSw M ^ f f -^fwAmt^ t e n t (H) c n t ^ , f n s w r g n - f n m n - t m f n ' f , c^t., cAsm i b - i i f . ;
w f s w n tn^nt nsinntflcnn ntnm ncn AS i SntAst^stt Seatj ( V ) f n w "wtf, fwtfsm^-mnttnss, R m n - t w m n - t m t m f ,
cs, cn n w a t ^ w ^ \S|A!CWS csFwtcnn inf5 Atew wfsns ntf'm, b-t. (isiftft f . ) , ' j . o-bs.-'^-s; (s>) t m n t m f t m ,
f n r wtmn ssissicA ntnm stmt m*m nftw 'fwfn wimcnness f m f l f m - t f ^ - t m f f n n n s f -sm w r s t f , A t . , eAsm is.-bi
ffliew wfrtn^ nsfnewn ntnm mfn w t s t m tte<p mi ffntetn f., nt -bH^-bi; ( i o ) n m ^'mnn f n t t t s , ntt.
fnegtA nncn wtîc^ cant nsm s t e n f w f n wtmcnn w^fAtfn nsenn i m t n t ^ - m ' w t l n ^ - t n n s ^ , i t . , cwsmn iSi-i-i ^. Afto,
-ans ^JTsies wtffnmnn stntts SJW wtmn t a r n f l ^ t i n i ^^ftw w t f n f n w t n ats^; ( i i ) ^ ' n r s n m s f f w m m n n f , w t f t - t
wtcA, f w f n "wt^ f # ntrntcntwess csmmw n'S atmn nsesn mi ^rannmmew-t w m i ^ - t n w t f n m n f n m , cwAnm itsHft f . ;
wtnftn Atew a t n s t t ^ wtms n t n t n t a tstwmw--an atnsttm ( i A ) wiA"mn w m t f , w i f t - t m t n i w t - f n f n r n , cwsnrn i^'^ft
tnfnw cnrntt- w n (i-5Wib-s>v); nnnt m w n t w tmenn [.; ( i - s ) f A t m n f f n , n n s A m - t n n n f , <bt., cwsmn i^n-s f . ,
ftmsens ntnttftn atR nnsfn wimtntflenn (ntAf mnmn, tinA'-t n r s n r f ars^; ( i 8 ) w t f t w t f t f n - m * m , m n w t r i t w m w t f t n
A l n - t fnwtn-t f s t n , i t . , cwAStn is.'ib- {., -S-IJH, 'Atmn f n w t n , -sntftn A t . , ii(is.-bft f . ) , f . H o - i ; ( i f t ) cnt^,
'wtf'atn^ginT) I tifwnr-t t n n r f , cwsnm its-ti;?, t - ; (i'^) i n m f t t f t f , w m t t - t
t n n t f ffscsnn
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S<\o
w w f , cs^m ihbb- ( i l ) E.g. Browne, The Persian c f f ? i f , ib-?b- RC? w?ist?t f c t ? I W t f t w ? f w , f t r o w r o

revolution of 1905-1909, Cfftw ifeio 'sj.; (ib-) ttcRfcw t f t c g f ? f f t t f t w f t , f w ? f f f w t c w Rcwt?
W f f , W f t H "Wif TO W t f ? ffstTt, ? T f k , -at., ? l ? (ife>bff f i c t ? I i l t t W C r o R ^ . f W C f f W ^ ?W ?? (WtfWt? Wt?'TO
'^.) f i o i - i ? ; (is>) wt?"TO f T O f W'swlfttf, I f W I ^ - t W t f ? f f f f f , W?W-t f w t , <bo) I ?tWf1t ^tc Wt^tl f # f f f
1?>sf I t 'QW t T O - t 'Ttlff^TO-t ^ ? t f t? t?;ft ?tTO-t Wt^3?lf? f r o CW^ W W WffW t t t t t ^ w ? ? f f w ? ftff -jtc f f w
TO, 'Stlft, i t . , ? l 8 (iS.>b8 (.), ib--?o; (?o) TOtf? , Ww f C t ? I f f f W'fW? f f l T O t f ?tc w t f f f ' S f t f W W m i
w ? f ? i w W t f f , i5?tT?-t w - t WS 'sw t f t f r o W t f ? f ? f T O "wtf ^tC W ? f <3 w t f f RtftcT? W R WW fC?? i
f t W l t , W f t , t l ifei (ifelff), ffii-o, ffiff; (?i) f f f i f t w r o "wtftttct? f f f f ^5tc f f f ^ t f t - m wt?
cwtw:^ m . =j?it, w ? t f f TO wtf"Wt-t f ? w W t t t t t t ? w w f fC?? I wc? f w ? ttff tea! w t w TO, f f f arsftfW
W % " f t - W'SW c?ro ifeio f ; (??) 'wttTOt f ? W ftttw, WH-ffWC? C?f? w t t f w SICBf? fj,tf% WW f f f W f l c t ?
W??-t W t , C W R ifeS'b f ; (?o) w f t t f R - t t W t frowf, (t?twTO-t w t r o , 00; t ? i ? T f 'wtftt f f w f , w r f ?
w f t - t f t w f f ? C t f t r o , f f l f f w , C?TO ife>l>1 % ; (?8) f w t f?w, % ?) i f i ? j ^ f f f r o R?wtw R W f f i t 11??
"wtf W t f T O , f ? t - t TOt t?t?fW?-il? tctt W W ^ , Oo?TO ?R? ??Ct f f f f W T f f I ? ' w t f w t f ? - m f f t l f 5t?t fC??,
ife-ui '[.; (?ff) W ? f t t t , t W f t f t - W W W f t f Wffww, tfft c t f t c t ? sitjtw w # ' s t f w ?=iT-tf?tfft f l e t ? I w i w e t
c?ro ifeis f I ttcfte f t w bft? t W f t ? ? J f w 1 WttfR ^3 t t f f t m i
Abdul -Hadi Hairi (E.I.2 Suppl.) f T W t t t t f f ? w t f t w f ? - m ?tw f w Wfct? tc? tc5iTO f f t f t f e w t i t \
ftft, t ! f t , w t t , t t f t , tt?"?, w t f >s >a?tf?-m W t - t # 3?t
wiTft?! -snwfsTf (^..1; - ^ ^ 1 ) g w t w W f t,t?
f t f w wife?? t t f w i t ? i f T I I w t f c t ? f t f w CtttTW?
Wf^tttft? t f t l f c t ? WftCf f?f^ RCtfe f t w f W t W R , ijffW
t n f f a?t f f f w i?'j3fe/itrff? t e ? w>aro >swfwt ' w t f w ?
Wttc?? R t t f f WRfC?? ^ W r f <jf^<icf? itfW? (g.
wt?tef W f f W w t t t c t ? I attct w?ttiTtet?ef t f w wet? w w
tl=1>^f) I W t f f W t t t t c t W t f ? w w f t t f f f f I t f 'S C?3IC?tt
t ? ? f w e t f t t w f w w f f f W W ? f w c f c t o t t f wttitew
f t c t t w c t ? w ^ r o fftc? I tifit ??tc w r f ? w f t c t ? t t
t f f % f T O f ? t ?? I ib-ff>b '^fCR WetltTI? t l f f % R t f r o i l t
m i t w f t t c t ? t c t t t W f f f ? ; t , t r o cft??;t frttrt w t i
fjg t f f ^ ^ e t wtf?'{?ttR w t t ^ fc?? I f ? ? f ? i t ? ffcgt?
w t f f w t w t c t w t f ? w f t t c f w t f ? f t w ? - m t t ? ?5f
t i t t f w ?? ?t?tew t t f t t ? WIR ? ' S T O t e ^ tc5f f ? t ? f T O
ctW ^^tct's c t t t t c ? ^ I t ? Cft?1t?t c ? f f f f i t W I
CWf w<3 ?? I f f f t ft<FC? 5ttw TO m i ?t?fit'cttte? w t f t ?
f t ? f t f w t t t t c t w t f ? wwftct? w t f ? f t w ? wctwr f t
f t f r o f? f R f ? ^ t f ? ^ c f t r o I cttftc? f r o f ? TOt
? t c t ' s ? ^ f t f f t w wcw? tctf^ wrf?ct? tctt f r o f R
' a ? T ? f f f ? f t ? cftf f t e t f f ? t l c t ? I f r o f f i f f t * e t
f%Tf? 1
TOfctt '3?tf w s T O f f f ' w i f TO tttwt wt?tef wi?TO fc??
fftit s ( i ) w t t - t t f - f f , Histoire des Sultans
(i?Hff/ib-fffe; 5. "Wttfw t f W f , W t f ? f w t f?W, H) I
mamloks ( W f . Quatremere), V i t.,fe'^;(?) M.van
c^T^tif wtTOtc? t t w ttf'Wte? f f f ttwet f f f ffettf
Berchem, CIA, L Egypte, % ?18, ffb-ff; (vs) M.
ft<5S ?? 1 wtw? f? i^b-i/ib-bff RC? W ^ 'Wtf t t ? t R t e t
Gauderfro Diemomb3mes, La sjrrie etc, 'J. (tH; (8)
L.A. Mayer, Saracenic Heraldry, 'J. >bfe, i o i ; (ff) D. wftti i t c t wfiftTO T O f R i f i w wfff 'Q fttf?? f t f r o
Ayalon, BSOAS ifeff8 fffe,>ljfe 1 t t t w R i f ^ ? ? I fRctbf w r o c?? (Wfttf ^ t w ctiR f w )

?Tf f f t ? S R ? WWTW ctt?wtc? f w c f ro-ft^ wwt? f t w
D. Ayalon (E.I.2)/ ii. m . m . W?3ft ??TO f îst
f?w???\f f T O fffe? ( w w t f ? - t w t f ? f w t , 008, g.
W l ^ f N l ^ ( U H L ^ >T^-0 wf??n-'wtrf ( f f ? w ? f ? T T O W? t i T O - m Rtet f f f f3j) I c f t t t f , f t t f t
RHit) f f f W t f ? Wt?"TO t i f f ( f 5 ) - t W'sWf W T O f ? T T O fff^ ? f e t ? f c t t t - f f t t i t ^ t r o w f t f t f I
(st-t W W , % 8o?-il f f f w ' f t f t W1?'TO' t f t f tc?), f t t t ' w t f tie?? f t f t f f f w , "stfiftw f f f w ? f t e ? ?
W t t t f fict? t t f f i R t w t f ? ffwttcf f { w r o t f w t f f f w t ? ^ tffw^ fttct? w f f w i t f f t ^ w ? f r o t?tTe? iitng
t f W t 'S f f c t f s I f f f f t f J W t t t f w wlWwg, ffff,W j A a . ?tiilftc=i? i f f f e t t f t ? t c t t W f , w t f ? , w t w t , w?'?, f t W f ,

(ww;?? w?tcw t r o t f s t t t f ? w f f r o t f ) cwtfffwt? w t t f w t f ? , f f ? , w t f t , t w , t?iw, wwww f f t f f t f t t f t w w ^
f f e t ? I t t f f ^ ^ ^ ^ T n T O - i l ^ WTtCt i'b f t w ? , i'*.88Ai f i c t ? I i l t f f t fwe?? tetT w T f ? - m W f t ^ f f ? t ^ f f t c ?
ttwf f f f C f l t
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81i
mcmfl <i'raiii(|=i I w n "wif mm 1? f i w "wif nm, wtt? osb- " { i t R ^ * -m^ft, ntnm, f n t ^ ( w t t f ) , smtf
A ' T % f ' w i ^ ttn wtms nmn ntetn, 1%? imsn * wmtm (b'fmf), -îwrm-t wtRt (wnt-f^ twtfn Seatemtt ntmn
fcntt-ffnnt >5tn w A ? I ntn ntn ntnfn stew ntf^ttew nn-wtfnt, ssfnw wtnnen arsnftw) ntan nsffrnn nsatA;
mnnntntn f?fnt trttw ntw nsenn w t n wtmn carsttn mtftn* wttn *nmart<3 f *menn ff^ ^mfm tme m*m mn; ( o ) m*Ais-t
nttew wfatft An i ib->>>> % mnnmmenn fnsftn ntn nsRtwt tnRttn, tm mmatt f-sntenn ent nnsn ntnm * ssfnw n n f t
Atew Atanmntn atwitnwn miewflenn w t n mn-<an St^nmn ntm 'ffwn mmem ms w t A S ; ( 8 ) nnrnn ttm-t "ttss" g wStn
wiftn->an rnns nus iîn?, siHlsen S t f w ttm wtmn nt^tni f *ntn, ffmn i o o t o / i v v v - i a , f i t nttrt A J > V , mnft i&fwstfnss
n e 5 1 îfwfnns nfnm 'stnm inwnn wtstA armn w n , %R tnnff ntsre m t f s - i a s ntnm wt Sgfwn w n % n Sft cne't^, i ^ o o f., mnnmmn StRw An i m%i w m n ttness (cwm mfAistfn ftm) -ass fifk fnetn,
wttnenn tntn R f n -ann emet WFt An ntm wtmn f ^ w t -at f*ntn f n n^tAnfA ste (ntsnfts-t wtfn f m f , f.
s t m m w I mt,rnnmn,awR nsntw ( ^ 1 . ^ 1 jij-o)nAtntw 0 8 H ) ; ((t) wt*Ars-t tnRtm, wrfcsn tnw? f^nrnnfcsn
R n t tnmn atft mf^s wtmess cnftew wtfnewn i wwgtn ntnsnn; (to) mnifn-t wtfng -iimt nffm ntAts at^R wtm ntt;
-siijiHin-Stm, i o i v / i o wettnn, iôo nen fwfn t n f w w r w n (t) mwf'wt-t *nrftw ( n i t f ^mfm ntstew catfnew wnnn
( t n t t m - t wtftn, i t . , S A ^ ; > s n - t mmt, f. g o ^ ) [ois> ^tmn WtMCtn Scat ttess (impassioned style), ^ n f t -snTftw
Sm * m^nmn-'wtnn, f. i)ate^ i t <fmnrt-Stm Seat nftmeA w f t w f ^ s w ! ^ (oAft f t nns); *ntft-t S f (b-s.ft nns);
ntm n f ^ neA) i wtmn wnttj f^'temn nem w t % i , Rmn, Atftw, ftwr-t mffwt (iAs> t t n^); mfts-t mrmtntn (itooft
f n w , nt^mn * mnmn atfnw i t a nmenn nem fA^ntn wtAntn n^); Atmn-t wttsrs ((2-<t1t n^) * >snrs-t wm' (otoft
(^^fnntn ntAf * w t s ) , f n w t w m n wtnf, mn%iT wtA'ntn nns)--as n n f t ntm mtm-t wtfnsrt, nc#t, f m - t fttn men
n l f n * mw'V w t t w flenn ( f A t w ctens fne^ ntftn ^ ntn fw nsfsntcA I mm fef^ m*nffcttn-ias mwf'wt-t *nrftw
w f t m-t wt**ntmew* <it *nrftw atnnf^'"ststf|n (ntAm-t
wtfn ?wtwmen fnt W, wtjn nsmttmft, tstmwsntn fntf, f. Aftt) I ctn f*stn ntmc nnfmnfAtn3tn,'5^mn*
fmf^ flenn i ntfnfnnTt nnttA-'^n t f t n f n mtfn mA ntftn fnf^ nsm wtcA fRs AS mt I
ttew mnwtw * tvtmvt^ me *tm "stmflcnn i w f f ( t t f ^ ( t ) jjis Ais w t t n t s s g ( i ) mAitnn-t ttwtfn-ntfnrfn,
mmen Rnsst)-ian atntw nnm wtsts 'sRa m^ntffn (wtmA? m'wfm^ f *mn; ( A ) fn'sss-t ttA-t wtf?st, f'fA-t w m ,
Stn fnfnfnwt) w * bnnsam A t s i f i t i tRt^m (wmnR), tm-t w m * msm-n-îfn men mfnft fntmn ntstew a^
m*ntf" (wgm) * tnfssnts ( t w ) , ne^* ntAfnnswt * w t w t m Wfntes nmnf (n)-iiin # s n 5 f f s , w^, f ^ * fn'stewn Scat
wtmn afffwn nem fcwten cttftw f | n i nf-mtnrn, n^nswt, w nftstcA; (o) fs-t wtwtft * ( 8 ) wtss-t w m , ^ ntAmf m m
* wtenn emn cmtens ensea twfn w f f f n flenn i nitmîf^s^ wttntf * m'Rsnw mm f t w ; (a) mmn-ess wmmn, (to)
^mntetn nem m f - i i i s nft s ^ e ^ nm f l n (ntwitn-t ntfn-wrfn ( f ' w nnft) * ( i ) ttstmn-t wrspfmt (m*fn
wtfn, Aift; tmnjftwffft, mtRnitwnt, At., f. ios.b-) i ttfns) tern I
liiwnne^* stfwnf^wt * attwentf^tw twfn flenn w n m i fwfn ( t ) wtm fnejjnt g ( i ) fsm-t npftntw, wrsf * nnsf
Aimft ' w t f ^ f f s r f tl?in i t w f , ntm S i ^ ^ msAtes atmnw wtcA (ann fwn tw f ^ ) ;
tnmtf ^tenn nsfmnn nem mtfn m fnetn nntms wfssRf ( A ) mms-t fAfn, Si^ mtmm * tffmm ntAts atmt^Sit ^^fnms
flenn I ^mfmn e ^ wtstn t R nnwnftfw i ttntenn e^s^g Seat* w t itmeA i -at 4 ^ w t f s ^ n - f t i w - i a s fR wtm
WtAtn mntn nis-ftm, f n n s n ^ t f f s ^ * ttmtfm njttnsmen attn nfm ncn w t A S i () wtfn^-ftiw S f mntn lat wn^j^f
nnifw mmew n e ^ t - i a n ntt nmefn w t ent-vtes's mt * wRmn, c w T wtfn^ rnnfft ( i n t a , o i i ^ ) * wHiw mssfst
ntffnw"sf^ffTmtn... I (AS m, OA<t ^ ) n?fm5, s i r Alfred Lyall (fâtencts
sbHlsif g wtstw^ fnegnt, s>isjbbi * wmt'sS'SF wtfenn twjfn) ib-ir8 f. m*ms W R 'wt# ttnc^ S f mmn >a^ttR
t m f t f n Rsnn? i -at ffmemn wtmn n^m * n s w n n f e A t n f ^ ^ nrtf^ wRrnn ntwcns fnent fnnttlenn i wtmn t t f f e wtfn
t f n n f f w AS I Smn f t ^ f t ^ nînt f n ^ t g tsfn nttr^ ntsfA -at snw wrss w n i ib-vto f.
^ ^ f s m
(ns) nsfnwt g ( i ) t m n t w - t n t A t f s w attn f *mn mm tt#iftn w ^ . ' f M ngnmnit cnetn ntfswinm niRnc'fn tnsst
Rttf-fnem^-ia i?nsftt -sn; (*.) f n m w t ^ - t i n n f mn, mm ctnt nsnt "^n (wlfn=n-^tTs, i n tcn f f n n n , f. 8 ) i nncn
tnntf ffsemn
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Contents
8H?
Alfred Lyall t l t m ^ f W T t ' m f W ? m i f m "Wft TO 'Wff f t ? , f W W - t w f ? W T T O , w t w f C f t , W t c f t ife8i 'sj.;

t f f t f t t f r a t , W W CSfTOff " W l t f f ? Rf\sTO f f w t f "wf ( i 1) w t f ? W?"TO ''wrof, f ? W - t - W f ? , W?\s?tft-WWTft',
TO W t f w ? WWC?? W f t f ?sw? I ?Tfttf "wf 'ttw? f C t t t c f t ife?b- I
ft WW? f # f - t W t csfWf WW T t I W o s t ? NStWftW? ttftt"? ?"rTO w t f (w.w.t.)/5?t^ t t w f t f
wwfw WWi? i l t TOI? t W f ?C5 I WWW-t f W t - m ?bftfW
nft^fRwt^- ( j . I) 8 wwfca? fTO w f f t t t f
w f ? im<i fW'S t c g t <K??; wc? ftwfftw ?f?T ftew Wc??
w t f f ?tCWJ f f f tf-W?ffCt? (5_._,rj j - i U ^ ) f f f W t f
w t C^. ^ b ^ ) I i l t f t . t i ? 5 t ? ? n f ? w w ? T O , w f f % i w
wwttc?? {<:.LL j ; ; i U u ) w f r ^ t t ? f f?ct? i a r w w w f f t t t f c w
ftw?cwwwt? WWT ?WT ? 5 w I wr? wftrt w ? ' T O w?
tftffic?? W3fw ?TT f ? f ii?i few w w t w t f t e w f w ? f f f t
W f T O t W T O l f f f i W f ^ f t ? w ftfffw t T W 5 1 ^ wc?? ^
w f f f ? ?ft?t f w ?ri5 ?>c?? ( W f f f t - f t T w , fffw, ? f . , sj. b-), i ^ f t cft?it?t CT'SW f?t f r o f?T I W t f f witet? f f t f f c f
f f f f I f t f WC?f CW3 f f ? < ^ WWW! i i f ? f w f w w f f ? - t f f W T - i i ? f t t t f ? t ^ f ? t w (f. w r f ? w w i t t ) !
wfC5?iT ftcfr? w?wt?ft tsflTO?? WWCf f W ' s wtw f t f t w w ? f r f w t f W w ? W t e t wcstt? t e f t ^ w f ? e ^ tc^tr t r f i t
?WTOWl f f f ? t f t r o f t I ftwrct? tfffffr w f ? ffwe?-?
( f ) fffw^ ? ^ 8 ( i ) t ? f f f t - f t w ! ? (?) f t W W f t - ?tft-ti?tt?i?icf w t ? 4 ? c t ? w f f r o f i t I
f t W f ? , w r f ? i l t f t f t ^ ^?lfWt ' w f f f ? - i l ? t i f f c w f f f i t 8 ( i ) L. A. Mayer, Saracenic Heraldry,
f f f w c ? ? I i l t ? t ? t f t f ^ f t t t t f WWT I W ^ W f " W t f t - ftf&; (^) D. Ayalon, BSOAS, ifeff8 % b o , bh-, b>> i
? T f w - i i ? TOtT w , t r ^ttfwt w t f fr?-ii? Cff? cw? f C f ? D. Ayalon (E.I.2)/tfTO ttsf?
WTtlf-ffcttt, ( W f t W t ' W f ? , o ) ilCf?fC?t W f T O w l ^ r f w ^ f f ( j u i . , , _î) 8 w f t t t f r t f f f f ? i T O
ftw? I ( o ) t f f T O - t W f T O ^ m wwcw TOfC?? f f t f f f t , t?? 'wff W t t - ^ W t f W l t - f t # ( f iO>!3b--i8ife), i l f W ? f f
W ' S T O t t c t t t f t ft?? t c t WfC? ffW?f TO'f? t ? t t T r o 'sttf I f T W ? f t t ?r?fft-if? f t t t t t e t fwft ftt?t "^c ftw?
tft tiftg w t w wfTff? w f t t r f f?ct? I i l t f t '^tt? ' W f f f f f w f T O w c t ? I wtt?ct w t f ? w t f r t W W ffffbw, w t f ?
wc?? fttcfWiFCt f t f f w T t , i l t ?t?Ct t r ? w t t t w ffatt, f f W ? ttet w f f f w ? ftfffe I f r o ti'ifw w t r r ? f ? tf%c
w f f 3 ? f f , ?cw?w t w c W M f w fftcW5W w f f i w w t w s t f w # ? f f f W f t f w f f f c t w f t f ? cWfet?tctT t t t flet? i
ftrtf? ?c^ ?fg? I f r o t f w t i t f r t 'wff f t t r o i i f w ? f f tlct? i l t l w t f ? f W t
f f f i t 8 ( i ) W f W ? W ? ' T O , W??t-t f w t , w f f f ? WW fftffe flet? 1 w f ? f t w ? f f t r o w ? i 2 j ? t w t ? i # t c ? ?
f t t f f , WW, w.ft.; (?) W^sWf ' W ? f t - ? 1 f f , TOiTt W t t ? f t t f f c f t t f f t g ; wtset? ? f ? f f f wtewt? rot atwtitfe
wr^TfTO-t w ? t f f - t 1tt, is>8? ( o ) W W ;^ TO, f t t t w - t T T I t r o f c t f T C f f w f f e ? ? 'G f ? W ' f f Wffw? tffe
w t f t , it., t l , W'StffCW?, tCWt ifeob- 'sj.; ( 8 ) ?'T#tt W f f f ?ftW ?f?f f W "5tW t t C f I -ff t t w i l t w , W f f ?
W?^-?nffT, "St-t W W , W w t t f f C f t , w f t f i o t o ft.; ( f f ) f t t c ? ? f W ttc?? t ^ f w tiftjH f?"fwt f ? w t c f ? w t t f f ?
^5n?ft-wwt w w f , ff'?^-f?iw, i t t l , w w t t f f cart, w t f t f , ^f I wii? f T C f 'f f?e?tfc?? t t f f r o t t f e twff "siw t w
w . ft:; c-b) ?rt W f W f w t w , w f t - t ww?-t t f , w f . , ff?w wfff? t t t f "^tw I
f?1Wt ' W t f t f , t ^ t f f s c T O CfiPT, t f c f t iSi?Si t . ; (H) W t f W W f f ? f t w ? t w ? T ^ t W f c t f t ? f f f f f t t f r o t?r^
f f t t f , w t f ? f t f t f f f f?w, wt., w ^ f f S t f w t t t w t w f ; ^tw w t t e w t f t r o cftc?? I f f f wtf?-viR ?"ttft t f f w t f ? ? t
(br) WfB? W t ^ W t ? f f f f , t t c f t W WffW?-t f f t f w f t f t?f?cttctt ?iw ? t f W f T O wtet? I wft?t? i l f l t fi?ff?w ^ r o
ife88 (SI) f ? 1 W t ?f?W W f f T f f ? W f f f - f f ' ? , f g c t f t t t f f fwft W f f "âTO # ? ? W f ? f fc?? I f f f f f e t ? t C 5 f
w f , WCT?, W . ft.; ( i o ) ffww ftTO W i f - C f ? . , W t c f ifeffi t f c f t w t w t w f f w f l e t ? i l t l W 5 i w c t ? t c t i t t f f f W ?
( i i ) ffww f f ' f Wttf'tir, t l t l t ?t., WCT?; (i?) . wtcf f t c f f f c f t trtfw WW? fc?? I wtcf ftct? w t w ^ e w ?^
TOtft-t w f ? f t t t , WfTTffW? ?ttf't t l t r t f f e t ? t l , w t c f t WW f r o f f f t wttetw T l 1 f W ? 'wtftt f t t t e t ? tc5f t f f
ttttwT t i f f , W . ft.; ( i o ) w f ? f t f t , W f f t - f f t w , f f t Wft t f ? t W f f t f ? f c ? ? I t T ' s t w ^ t W f f c f , i l t t t ? fwft
c2tt, W f t ib-fei t . ; ( i 8 ) w r f ? f w t , t f ? w t f t tr??, ^ - s t H f f T s r f f ? Wtt-"WWft? f f f t ^TiT?^f? f f f f f w
W ' S t f f C T O C f t , t w f ib-b-o ^r, ( i f f ) w t f ? f t t t , W T O[Sitfvsi^-t-frg? f f i t w t t t ? f f t w f l c t ? I f f W ? f t t t r ? i f e ^
t f w - t t f f , w r f ? ^ ttwTff, T ? f m T O i o o 8 f t . ; (i5) -^t^m f*TFf f f f ftpra f f ^ f r o ffro. ^ I '^t f a t r o f2i
t t w f fffcfit
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8 HO w#gf=Tn
( w T % "wif ( K n f t ) * f i wnisJAt w I tm* w i m nra, t A c n n fsfw^ w ^ e n w r s m ^Rfb^ cnfmw t [ * m nm i nnscnt

w t W H fcwn t s f m w r f s wTsfs w ^ w f t w s t w wrfs WtAm m n m * n n l w n Rnmtw ^^fnm t R w mi c n t w c s s w'xsn
f n m n s # A n I wTAicsi wTTifcss m m n m f s s w t a s i m s f s ssfcnn nRrsf ncn nsnt AS I
wiAtesi m f w t m n liiss fffn f m s fffsst m n i n n m n f s ^ ^ a t ^ t i f s w r f n f n w t e n n # n f * nsrsmfw n m f f n sr^tnntn
fnwRtt mAR:^ f s t n w ssffwn i wtmrns w s t f s w=ft S n s n e m f n s f n f ^ ' s R S c a t e m t r s ( i ) n t A m , m^[R"in-wi*nifts
fwfnt n f s m m s # c w n mi w t a i w w m f ' w S5%n i f n w R ( n r s r f n t n f f m n f f n t m r s , , t t f . f A r m n w t * m w cn. ns'trr
f f i f n fstOTs n w m m s f n w m fn'wrm c^cnfs f w "ss^ t t e n Aobr); ( A ) m * f ^ , m m R n - t - a f n fnwi^j (fmfnmmn a r ^ t m .
w r f s f f w R n n m f n w m fstmns caram fne m t w i iSAA % n s t i t - t o S i ^ ) ; ( o ) f n t f , f s m ^ - m m R n (R'Sfnmtnn a i ^ t r a ,
f n w m fntn t^t^n wnrnts nsfkn w r f n f n w m t w t w f#mA n t t r t ô'ô; ( 8 ) R ' m w m ^ , m m R n - t - ' a f n f n w t n ( n r s r f n
w r m n mm cmnmn w s n (-at m s m t e n n t f w A m actwr S f f f s ^ t m r s , nttrt ob-oA); (?) cnmf, n t m R m - t -afs
Joannis Cananos W f n f n w m n m w wmns f n n n t f n w t n ( W f n s m m A ) , tt|n i^bs. f t . i t f w s m * a n t - f * r
fnnrc^n) i wtsm f w m wtfnt n m r f (n fsf%f n4m m*m nra, fnnnss s f ^ m f n nem fnsfnftw a r ^ f n fnetnwten Seatemtr % (to)
S s t m n n c m b-oo/is c^s> m c n n w r f s t f t wf<n>wn a r s t c m t i nfnm c n c A t f r , w t f t w t n - ' S w R . fftt f n S f w s m , n t t n qbtos.,
ncn AS I c w m tl%s5m wifn'-ân t ^ w t * t m s t m ^ m*m f n w f l i t s fntenn t i n n n ^ m ; c^) tT*mwT' m ' f f t ^ wtensft.
rnn I s"Rtftcs5 nfSns nf%t s R c n f i g r m c n wtms nnn s t m f i n w r ^ - wt-antf t ( t t i n >5.is> R ) , > t . , isa, i b b t . . is>c-t.;
too n t n n i wrm s t c n m s m w m n m 'iio/iotob--tos> ninm mfnm ( b ) w t # , f f ^ - w t n m (tr|n),.<ft., b o , isx? t . ; (s>)
ntcw stcn I Beau, Histoire du Bas-Empire ( t l f f s n i b o t o ^ . ) ,
' w r f n f n w t e n n w f n t f c n n m:m m m n trwT (ffft-'sf^ ^ i t . , i o 8 , t . ; ( i o ) J. V. Hammer, Histoire de
i t e m atctm, -at 4c^ w r f n f n w m n m c f n 4 m sftstcA) w r s m I'Empire Ottoman ( t r t f n n - i b o f t f . ) . i t . , ocî t . , ît..
tfnt A n mi w t m t t w r f s c t n t n -at fnnfnnis w t t n i o t o ; 'ôb t . , 8 b 8 (wTsienn S w e n t tT|n wnesrcs w r f n
S f n - w T f n - - a n S t n f % f ^ f n t r c ^ i f f g n m r f wtcs^ff t m t ^jnmenn w t t afActn f n s n t f t n r s m n f r a t&fwArfnss j o a n n i s
w t f m w A*mn t n w m - s n r f S f n * ^ n f n s t t m % 7 n t f t n t f t Conanos--an f n n s t s t e w ajAt ssfnme^n); ( i i ) f f f ^ x S t f
Sfn^stAtnmr AS I i o o A ' i s > i 8 m n t s t f & t m f ^ -at f n t f n m n m n f A ^ f n , tnfns * m f m w t f f ; (ic^)ninfnnTms c n R f f
tfmtnmifwsn i f A t m n w e s s f t ; m * m w n - w * f n m (ffsffsnrmn ^sr^tttn. nt,Ti
w r f n f n w m ntsm m t c w m m wtfn, f t t m s t e w nm f f n Aftftto); ( i o ) wmessftni ntntA, t r ^ i t f n - f ' m R n n ( w f f w f . ,
fne^ftstnew^ t n t t c w f w f n w f f w f w n m n f C A s s m n w i t s r s t tt|n i^tos. R ) , f . '^to t . , i o A ; ( i . 8 ) f f nrm^ wiwt, m n f i -
nsfnew ttesR i Rfn f m w f n t f n t t c ^ fwsten Sp; nsfnewn i R g t r s s i t s s " (tliin i^tos. R ) , f. toit.; (i(?) f s n t A f e n f t,
w n m m n c t n rnnrn fln, f^m ten* f m -anrmn f w s w n m n w r - t R n t f n t s w ( t m * n t n n t m , i o ^ o R ) , f . tos> t . ;
mfttpp fwfn S t m f t w <t'f3c-oH -antntfss * n s f S n s ^ren wtms ( i t o ) t r s f rnntA ' w r s f n - m w ' V , f m m w n - * n T m n [ R ntm*nrs
m m m wtwtft c t t f l m n t t w i wtAm w m w n f c s s n - ^ mm ntm (fntfnmtnnarfttm, nttrt aas); ( i s ) f s i m n t t n f f m ntntm
# n f ar^nfCA sRrtcA, -at RssftJ fnctnmen antf^tw a s cn, fwfn c t f f ( 3 ^ i o o A R ) , f . o t . ; ( i b ) w * 1 n m cuenf, t n n r s t w
wnmnrsctn ncm nsw tm atmn Ris nsfnntflenn i mntA ( t r i n i S o i b %), A t , ito t . ; ( i ^ ) B . Poujaulat,
w r f n f n w m nsfmm n^m nsfnenn nfnm* nnt t t m ttess i Voyages dans I'Asie Mineure ( t i t f n n i b S o ^ . ) , i t . ,
WtAm nnttcA -ansjt sstm n t s f f w wtcA ntm m m s nfSw nfnm ncn itoft t . ; ( ^ o ) m f n f , t t s n w e s m f f t ( t m * n R t m ic^bb R ) ;
AS I f f g nsTsrft w n t r t wtmn t n n t f nsten f n f t w t t m ttfssen i ( A i ) cssftntcm m m A f A t w f w m , w n ^ wimfsstttîiirs f n n ^
f n m S<5nt?.etn -ansft f n f t < n A m w f n f n m e n n men t i t w i f w T m * * n m p r m ( t m i p i S i i b '^.), f . -^^sto; ( a ^ ) cntss,
-atwm cntien ^tms f A t nnRn. sssn * wtms mens nft n?J?lt w t m m S f m A tnrnfnnrw (wimfnsrrw nstfnwtA f m w f " w , ^n n n ,
n A t n r s w s R r r c A 1 w t m r n n , ' w t f s f n w m mnss n s r n n i f i ^ s i w n t t r t 8-to, fnetnw f . 8 i H t . ; (;ô) m ' f ^ , f s m -ann wnn-
tmsw ^ * t t f n tttr w t m - a ^ fmRstrm. ^mfnn t t t r -assft t t f n e n f , o t . , i ^ 8 J t . ; (^s) f s t m n n s t t w , -^fn f n w m
mnsmr * Amrsittm Rnft nsfsmflenn i w t m -assft n s t t A fnmnm (wtmRmw nn f s n w t A f , sm, is>ob-is>osi t . ) i
fln I t A m nf^nsjtn nsnnmen wcnss S c i t c m t i nrfêss rnn^n nsnt f s n m n w t f n s r s f n ( m . m . t . ) -a.-an.-an. m ^ f p n s n m f asi
^ t m e ^ I f n m t f w m e n w r f n f n w m f n e t n - s n ^ m w nsenn i ^5rtft?f "Afsmt (5. Atnm t n n wtnfnn-f-sifnn)
tnntf ffsew
t.RVtoo
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8H8
Rfsifff t?TO-ii? WW i l f f t w ? f caîfta twttro t i f f f t t t ?

(R)-m fww Twra f w - f f f T f R f w i f f f tro fc?? I ifeo>b WRtwtfaf ft?f? t s t f t w "^tro t ? fwft w t f ?
f f f R f I wff? w t r o wftft WfTO fftw W W f t W W t f f t c t ? f f w f t f c ? ? f t f f t t ? f wwftt-ii? t W R c r o wfffw-s
f t f f w f W T ? I www? tlt i l t f t w ftff?TftWI? " W t f ? - ^ T I ii?i t r o te? t ? w f w t f f f ctwtiw-t w t t w - t t r o ^
(iv!3tr8'^.) I fjff tttgw^ (Wf. iHbb ^.) wtl?w?w ( i ? ts) wifWt-ii? twttw fc?? 1 t r o t t r t f t t e ? f f f f r o f f w ?
? 5 W ? ^ il?l I W I t wtw t r o ( i H f e v S - i H f e C f f )??! t f a w t?r^-t 'wrwt-ii? rottw f ?5e?? i i f e i i t t e t f f f
fc?? I ro? t f f W ? ? ?nwt www? C f f f^ftr I w r o i t t s wt? ffwfct W f f -sf^t f c t ? ilts, f f t r o , R i t w f W t , f t w t ? i t t t
f i t r f t Htr w?Ttc? t w ms. f f t ' W t t ' s WW' ffw f l W f 's titt-ii fffw^ tet? wfff t t t ? fc?? I i f e i H t . cnc? f r ?
?5ff?Tc?? I iiwc? w f ? wtro IS??;5j?f t t c w w?s fifw 'croiw ^ T l l
ctcwc?? c??Tc^ ct's'-cf f w j c f t w f r o i t - ? ? ? W R W I ? W ? w f f ? f f c t t tettctiet? trrf^ f i t w w w ffw i f c t i t f f w t ,
tcw w t r o tc5f ct??-c?ttc?? W W I t f w ftff?w wc? 1 t f f * , w f f t R w g "^tew ?5ffw tftw?, wft*t cwrtfwtRiw
W s f f ? r o , f^?C5 CtC5?, f C W f t f w ? , t f f t Tiff?, tt? f f w W T fttffw f i t I W f f 'Wl?f WTTO f f f f t f Q W f i c t ?
tfni?i, tt?iff? 's ct?? c?w? i l t row? w w w 2tro ^ftn i ifits. i l t f t wwet fft f I W ? w i ?5ffwflct? I W f t f t f f f
t f f W ? ? f t e w ' w ? f G W f f w ; ^ ? ^ fitc?Tt w c ? I 't?t W f s f c t f l f w i T O tft^ ffff&w f l e t ? I W T fef, f f f cw?
W t w t bd W f t c ? ?? t s t w ro?? I w t f w t ? t w 5tcw t w w fcf? f f t flet? w I f r o W f t w w w t f t f f t t t i w ?
wsff?<3?H's o w f f c r o twt?t W'sw ^^c f fffw wtfc?? t f f e t t f t w c f f t r o tsfffJtw fffw f w ? f c t ? w f f ?
wftw:f w s f , frro T W wife?? t f t t ^^sw i i t t w f c ? ? f?n f f ? ? f T f t ?l^ft?fwf f f f f f t ? aifwft? f&ittte? 1 i i t w f ^ W ?
f ? f t - f f ? ?twt 5tcw ?^ t f r o f f w w n ? cw? t t r o w t j flw? tetr Rtfffwte? fwft f?ct? t l t w r f t f w t f c t ? f e w i f T ?
t f t w f w t f w ?ff wtc? 1 ?nc?j? ?T?cro f ? ttra m, f ? f , t t t f # ? ? f t C t ? ?5?t?f t w w Rf^ 'S fttjf t f f T O WT?tr?I
t t r i , C t t f f f - w e f f f f ^ WW f 5 W , f W - f t f ? tWTtff? ?f?t ftcttwtct fffr I
f f t tiffcf t r o t c ? i i f w t f w ff?ic? I f f f i t S ( i ) w r f f ? f TO-t W t t R . "SWftR W R f f ? f ?
fswfffcfi? twttro f f i t f w '5t?ie?, cTro i f e o o i f ? f f R f ww
W R T T F T ( ( ^ ^ I) f ? w f^twt t i f f f w f f t - w t t f t f , Riste?? WW s t t r 8 (?) E. G. Browne, Literary History
W t t T t t f fft 'S WS,?Tfff; ih-bo 'j. f t w t t l t t t (Wffff of Persia, 1530-1924, C f f w ife?8 f , f?8f5t i f e o o f ,
w?tf )-ii? ftfct f i t i r o w t f fic? w?i2}?t f f f w f l c t ? r f f w ? o8>b-fe; ( o ) f ? ' m t t t T T f , f T O 'SWro-t tTOTO" W f ?-t
ff^ "5tc fwft t?itftwtc? t t f t i f f w c r o f t t w c t ? c t t f ?'lff?, ?t., f f t r W W i f e O I *[., 8)r-bO; ( 8 ) ? t f t t t t f R f ,

?twffww f ? W w t f t - f T f f t f T t f - W f T t W ? t T f ? ?scWv| wiwfftrrs-t f ' w t f f c w ^ r o i f e o i {ay f T w t
?o-?;
ficwr I w t ? ffCf v s t r o WW^ i l t i i f t tft?TC<l? f f W l f?Ct? I t t T f , Modem Persian Poetiy, f t t f l W i f e S o >{., ft,;
i b - H 8 % WtT? ffw? f f t ^ C t WtT? t f f r o w w w CWbf? (b) f ? T r o R i t ? - ? t t f f , w t f t f - t w r ^ m ttwtw-t tro,
w t f f f f ? ? f i ? ft-nfww T I ii?s. ilt w t f i ib-feo If. 5ct 1 it., C^ro ifeStr tro-feb-; ( 1 ) J. Rypka, Iranische
wwgf? f ? w t t f f f w f ? - t ffwtt ti??if? w f e ? W f f f ? t Literatur geschichte, w t t f t t ifefffe % , % o o v b - l ; (b-)

rot? ii?s. w r o t f t w W R f t , ff5?ro TO's c?ro t t ? fc?? I c t t f . History of Iranian Literature, w ? ^ f S ife-bb-
ilt Rte? ftft t t e t wTf?^-'wi?t (tT ?te, w r o f f t T O T I oHff->b; (fe) CttCttf WTRtf, Geschichte und
w f f ) il?S, te? W t f f t - t t W f t f twft WW? f C t ? I i t r f e S Entwicklung der modernen persischen

Literatur, t t f t ? ife>i38 % ^. off-vb i
fwft cwTrtc? t t t t f W f T O t f w e t ? w?w^ w f f T O f?ct?. I t r o
L. P. Elwell-Sutton ( E . I . 2 ) / f T W t t t f f ?
^ fSt? t ? fwft W I t f t - i l 2fWn?Wt ro?? il?S, ijfWCf f C t t S t f ?
cttttw WW? f r o t ? f f w f f t i t ffw? ffff I W twtfwttc?? n % P n t R ( ^ a J I ^ ^ 1 ) 8 Cmwtf f f f f i ? I t t f t s t
t w t r c r o t e t c t i t r o ro?? i f f f f t c t ? w w fwft w r o w t f t w t f ? t t t w t c t f f f tlct? 1 fft5 ?f ( W ) , ?lff?ll? (R), "bift
i l f t f Wftst <3 f f w R f f t t f t f s W ( f t f fC?? I i f e o o fwft t f w (?!) 'S t w t e t ? (?) tft?t t t w ? f f e fff <M?1C?tt-
f C f W t G f e w ^ t W W R T R t t ? fC?? il?5. i f e o o 'sj. fwft witwn-? t t r f t t s w fc?? i i v ^ o % tw-s iit ftf? f t t
C^^^H ?êa? 1 i l t f t -siiwt fwft W t r o t f i l f H S T f t t t t ft? wef wtj ? ^ ?iwf f f f w T I 1
f w ? ^ fc?? I ifeo8 t . wt?m f # 3 t f?t W f , iittie? fwft f f fSWfffCftt
t t w f ft^JlCff?
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wi%55T-Snm 8i(t
Poliak * Ayalon, cnnn Amir Akhur simm nniw

tntfrnrmss i t n f t . ' ^ e w t f s n nra, >at awwifim fw mm cn-sm Atsie^ I
nrsrfn^ w w t w n nenit ftntnw f l n i f f f s f w -at D. Ayalon (E.I.2)/fSimn S ^
^ n n ^ ntwnmmfnnn wfnsswn ^^nwKR ste n t w n i -at
Wtftg^-"5'f5l^ (oi-i^>--Ji J-:^^0 s f'fnatetn
nnfra nrans cntwr "ffnn' w f f e i t cnenn zpf t w s t n t
cnm 1 cmn c w t f m w j cnt^ t m s wfnfii nsfsmc^ Prince
% 5 R I w n :^s>toAob- nnm ' W f p t A t f ^ n - f W u - t a n nw -a^
of the Believers; f f ? -at Wfstn wmrwtf^ m -afwstfnns
n-snwa nnn f n n * w n m f t m w n - f w r f n ? w r g n Swnnn
c w fnss fhsit n f ^ nes i "Smn t f f n - t i m s (m) t % m f^--iil&
wnj ffnenn fnnf& t f f flenn i o ^ s ft. (nc^^n, ^ o t o ) n i % F f
A*nm t s nsattn -at S t i f s mst nsfnntflenn ( t n n tmf-:.
w-ntn"^ -smfnw-ian t i n ' t W i f ^ ' m m t n n nftns-e^
f s s n f ^ , m t t . -sntft. At., a^b-1.; f*tsff f n r f , wtn-(wrss,
'wftnM-Sntnt ftnnm fnff%: atntenn t n -at A W t ttftnn
mn, w t f f n - s m fnmmw) i w f m ( 5 . ) mft mm ent m f ^
ttnnnsff wm c<m\^<s> w i n Ae w ^ t nsfnr mm "sn,
fsira stms S t s wns.wfi, m enw^ aimens "^mot w^ft nsm
-ann f% t # w m m n ntt wffs^n-Smm-n m n * w f W
stmcA I nmfsss cnw^* t A m w3#5s 1 >5fc<fs tfnestf^c
ntmc \\<s Seat w st i w t w f f s t n t cnctn tm^
w f m tnftcss w n - f ' f n % T t c m nftw ^mnm tAt mm
t t m t e ^ I t ^ m n t f t n n n t S-awi-ss w i w r a f n ^ ^ n w c n t w f m c ^ f W ^ . . n t s m S t n m f f a t A (n)-'an nnnnncn
mmcstfntwsni w t m wtsm t n n # m e n fnfw^ mnfnss wfwntenn cmsx^ w=ft nsm
m n f ^ f n r n n m n n?im nnt af^nfts -at t n f f n cnn c w A t m f i n ; ennn m f t s n wtft * s t ^ ' ^ ^ (m., s.)-c^ w f m nm
Scat cntt nra m I -a^ func -at t n f t 'wwrmfn-'wrnffncss ttstCA I fwfn nnfnfnmm few ttnemn fsnfnmn f n f n n n i f t %
cnm W s m n m f t ' m w i m n w f n i t i w w f f n t t * wfnit t n f cnm flenn 1 f f ? 'Smn (m)-'an w f t n ^ - f ' f n f n Sttfs mnt f n
mnt nsfnewn nfnm ncn AS i D. Ayalon, BSOAS, nsn ^'nwtenn wmcws nfsw n m f f w
1-, 1- <?^) I
^jn^ ntgtesfin ttf wfntcn wftn^n-Smm m ^mn ^^vi ^ j i j 'SJL:J\ J 'î
nvj-Ati f f n - t ffntn Beylerbeyi { 5.)-m w f m t mmnt. "cmnm wtftr sm wtatsn, w t f t w j nsn stfcnn -ant
tnftRctnf^ I wiAtcnn, mmm ewtmenn nem ^ ^ n w w f n m f " ( 8 g (?s>) I
a t ^ t # S ( i ) t n f n - W f n (mtt. Tomb.), b-t., i o o ; (A) 'Smn (m)--an n n n w i ttc nwfnn t s % f^tmwwn mm
Weil, Gesch. d. Chalifen, At., ftSo t . ; ( o ) Muller, wnrtA f l n , wwfnn tn w f t s ^ n - f f n f n Sttfsft cssnn t f w
Der Islam im Morgen und Abendland, i t . , ft-sc^ t . ; w m t fnfnt.fin 1 cmn m n ^ -at Sttfn mnt ^fnen mstt
( 8 ) JVIuir, The Caliphate, its rise, decline and fall nsm "stw, fwfn t f n n nenn* mfnmn (f^mrsnw * t % j n f n f
(on n t . ) , % fttob; (a) Defremery, IMemoire relatif
f n n ^ f . ) i t m mmnt wefsf5mtmwsSss (CSSR t i n ntf Srnnii,
aux Emirs al Omera.
ntf "wmsm * ^ptfwf 'i%mtt) w t m m f n t n n t f nngn n ^ m n
K.V. Zettersteen (E.I.2)/n^fn w n n
wcjf f ^ i m w sSss (csnn oi>!j/s>:^b m n iê c t c n Smsrt
wrH-r[ft^-nn%r ( j / . < i i _ ^ v i ) s-nmn w f f n , f^mtmw atfwflw f l n ; 5 . 'wtsfs-ntsnm on) w t m mtRn--a n t f
m n f ^ ntcwj mssfn * nnen c s t i t c ^ wfsnnft ffncns (B. E. Levi-Provencal, Trente-sept lettres
wfne -at c t w cn-sm st i w t w t r a - a ^ f A t w f f n e a f offclelles al-mohades, Hesp. i s . 8 i ^. i t . ) -ant
nfl Atsifin mmenn w n - w f f ^ - ^ t f t n nm ^ i f*ntAfAncnn fnwenn fsftf * tnnf snen cmens w c t ^ t f
rnnfn wn-Smffs wnen C^cVi^ftA) c t w f t ntewm w a m n nsfw^nn ntwntt nsw"^ msAW S t t f n ftnten AS^ i
cnrnmftf amn (wtnffn-^wnfnsn)--an wm ntsfn^ s t m nra i -bfto/iAfto nten t n s f f f n i m n t f A i w r n w t f n t t w s s n t f
^ nns ste cnmmfsf antenn fm tetm c g ft Stifnn t t t i t t f t f'fnenn ftmnnews mfn Ssitttn nsm AS i â^/iâb- men
t m wtms n ^ afbfnw ctwicn tfntw a s i wmstf f^mrmcwn R f f ^ t n fnnesn m n f ^ f m m n t t f f f
art;t#f g ( i ) M . van Berchem, CIA, L'Egypte, nncns wm S ^ mfnn f f f f w mn nsenn I w w g t n WtAtm fncwmt
276. 290, 452, 593; (A) nt^ftft, Histoire des fnncn 'wnstft f^mmnews -anstt f w n msm atfwin nsesn ( 5 . ntn
Sultans Mamlouks, W f . Quatremere, i t . , o ; ( o ) 'wtnsm) I mtfncn nscw n t f m f f t t n t f A t w i n f^tnrmewn
t n n t f ffsesnn
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Contents
m f e ffwrffei f w mi b-t/fe-sr rT%w f r w r n ftcsraf? Droit Oriental, iii. Wetteren 1948. 401-10; W W
WSf t f w f f w f f w fftcw?-2r?tifBtj I
f s i t i f i t t i r o w f r a t roft I H. A. R. Gibb (E.I.2 W.Wt.)/
i l . i l t . i l t . ttT3f? ??tt? f iBt

f%tt Wf W f t t t r o t WCf tJtWI t#?tTC?t I wc? fsfWi? C t l t f
Wf#Sl^-f3#fftR (CruJ-J.1 j ^ l ) g wffi f t f t t t C t ?
ffwrocw? i i W t ftcf? wf?tt??ict tcgt t#?nc?? i wtrttj
Ctw I wrft^-f'fff? (5.) t w f f ? tft wfw ffefefs ww
f t f t t ttfcst, ftcfro t r t f c ^ tc?i t f i ^ f i w t tfwttti wc< f?tff W t t f f t t w f f t ^ - f t f t f ? wft, ftftrtct? c?w
i i t t f t f t f t iitt^s ai^ftw I i l t t wcf w t f t f ' S ^ t l f f t w t t t tttffft sttct tf?t rot? I titft?-ii? w f ^ ?ttft?tt wtf?^-
f t t - a f t t - s w f f t - f I t f ? t w f t t t ? t fftc? (5. H. A. R. f " f t f ? t w f t tt?t fftc? I t t r ftfff w ^ ^ t t ' W f ? ^
Gibb, in Bibl.) i f f f W W W ? t ? f i f t^?ffWftW ft?<3 tfftct? wtitt f f t t . f f f w ttttflet? iltl t w twffit
t r c f ffwftWWC?-stTt ro? ? t , iittfffe^Vi<5-i'>WCt 2 f t t (wffroi-f'fff?) f ? t f f t w ? ^&ww 2 f t f f fc?? ? t I f?ti
w f t f f f f t t ? t t e t ? t ? ilt t w f t t t t t t w WI ? t I t f ^ f r o t i i f ftt? tf-ffwww ftt? ftftt ilflt tfw? t w f t tf?t
f t f t t f t f t % Iffwa ctw i i f t wcf wrfroi-f'fff? ?#e? I f ? ? f ftet wt&w? cwet? ?tw?jtcf? tctt fTW?f
t w f t t w t f f t t r e w (5. WT?'Wt w t f - w ? t -a w t r t w CWet?t); 'Wtff tfwtct? WTOj ftw? ftfc? W W wrfa^-ftftrf?
t ^ tttfwff?!? w w e ^ tg?tftftfcf7? tetj i i t t w f f f t i i t t N S iltl w w m w f ? ffwffw f w f ? t^^t cwtt fffc? f w ? f
fpftw I f ' w i e t ? ilfft iTt twfftiT w T f ? ^ - f ' f t f ? t w f f f t ^ S f l f f t - f I f f ? t w f t -st^t fffc? I
Cftt "wtf t t ? W f f wTftrt (?T)-ii? WW f t f f ? tftiw te? f c ? i f f t f 2 (i) IVI. van Berchem, Titres Califiens
t t t i ' t f c T ? f f f t t f t t ffw ffw ftfw t f f t e t t WW d'Occident (Joum. As. iot tfffw, fet., ^8(t-oo(t) i
A. J. Wensinck (E.I.2) ^
v s r t f ^ - f ' f s t f t t w f t tI?W3 f C S I f "WTCt? t c t j f f f t f f w t c t
fhi wrff 2fff%w fffcw 5TCTJ, w t f c t ? te f f f w t f ? ^ - W T t ^ - " ^ t ^ (j^LJi j^^) s w : ^ tcRfcf twftf
f f s r f t -^Nsti? tiffti? tte wc?? (ctt? tWtie?? t t t f t w t ) i tet? ctw I ? f f f w ? ( t ) Wf Wf? (W)-cffe/^boottet
ttffwtct? t e t j w w r o - i i ? ? w f t t w w w t f f ^ - f I f f ? t w f f ? wrfg^-^'TSf tc?Tf fffwtlct? I tciffj fit, f f f T ^ t t c f
t t t r ? pt 1f?t I ffttttf fiRc? w w t J ftfct? iltl ctttft tfct? ct,
CfR CfR t t t i l t twffit tTfWW 'wrfttet? tt?N3 tfwe wt? CfR f f f t f WW ftfcf sictf ?fffc wtfct ?i i
wc?tffw t t t l ticf I c?t^ f t n f?Tf^ w t t f t - w r s f t w c f io/^boi wet WffW? ( t ) tfcw w f ? ^ - ^ : ^ trfff wt?
W t f f t - f ' f f f ? ff?-ft^WW t w ^WC? ( W f f f ' W I t t , t^c?? I t r ? t? ttc ilt wttftt R?if? t f w ? w f f f t f ^ tttt
^t?ift-wtfft, It., iSff) I w f f f w c t attrt tjtrotfft wff tcf i TI f f f ftew ilt wtff t i t ? ftfc?? wtw tfew? fct
^TtTR fTSRffcf " w r f g ^ - f ' f f f ? ff?-?r?'ft t w t t w w c f WW CfR W t f f f t WfeR5 >at xffcf? WW t C t l f w fffc??
(Wlt-Wfflf, WSi^"W-W^, b-^-b) I (tW??f9?it t w W t f w ? twf? w t f WW CfR t ^ f t f
a f f t i t s ( i ) w t t - f t t f , ftswTft-wtWt; (^) Wtt-W-aWff, f f f f ) I tfwftcw? wtwc? tfe?tct? fftfffwe f t f t ffettf
^-W^flft-ftWTffw, W f f t ' t t - ^ t i w l ? , i^feb- ft.; (o) t t tfw tfw r^ftifet? w?j -^tf -^tf wfroi-?T^ t w ? cf?t
Wlt-W?5ftf, Analectes ( t l f ^ ' f - w ^ ) f W f ib-ffft-ib-bi f ; fffe? ( t t t ^ f f ^ f 'bb-Z-bb-b- wet ffw? wtfrot--^t^ flet?,
(8) W t t - t n t f f f t f , WWf?I?^-WtWW, fC?W iis-bS f , i t . , .^-b f r e t ? iifw? flet? 'wT?fW? tfft-fti??) i r ^ wffet?
f.; (<f) t t ? tttff. f f l V t l , t w t . W i f 'WI?iciR->8WftR >a?tf, tjtwe? wrfft-ri^fcf f t t t w vifiti? tc?? ctti t t i
ioib-/ife(3-b-; (-b) fr?f f ' W f W1t-ft?ff; ( 1 ) Goldziher, cww f f f T#ct? t r t c w t ? ( ^ L J i _ , ^ ) ctff ffc? I
Muhammednische studien, ^ t . , ^bi; ( V ) IVt. Van wtft t f t t ? fw tte tettf t t e t f r c f cft? ffcft tet?
Berchem, Titres califiennes d' Occident, in JA, C?Wt?^f WW t t I t w WTffR--^T^ Wt-'tWf (t?Tf
ifeoi ^8(2--ovsff; (fe) E. Tyan, Institutions de r ^ R t f t e t ? ctw) I -b-bo/ic^-b^ tret? t? tftc?? ttcttta
Droit public IVIusulman, it., Le caliphat, t l f f t t 'wt??rf tfttet? wtet i i t ttft t f ? tftw r t t w cfct ir?i
ifees ffcft % ifeirf.; ( i o ) H. A. R. Gibb, Some w t f f ftwRtct? tw ttc t r tettf tte WCf i fftc?
Considerations Etc., Archives d'Histoire et de wtff^-?"tsr flet? wtt?foie? iif rwt? ff^tf? c?w, ffft stff
t t w f tffCftt
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Contents
811
wcsi? f 5 W ?tiiic? W f f t (s.) t t t t ? TO ^tc W T fe? w i f WW

?%rt 5 I W roi ^ f e I w i % ^ - ? T ^ twftlt croi croi t t s w w f f f f f f WW f w I t t w e t ? f t t f f w f c t t'^tw? ^ e w
T^wlte? w ^ i Mwws w w o ^?rn:? (tws wfttf w t f r o S r t w w f f w t T f ?Twf t i l t W f f t t t f f t w t w t f t f w f f l F t
wfftt) ftw ftw T s w # t w r a f < f o f w w i R ? ftt (WTO f f ? I W. Geiger J. Markwart (Wehrot, o t . ,
^lai ti5j^, t r o ? ? ? i ? f i f w , ?j?wff, tfftjtw <3 ftt^^w b-S>)-iI? tc W f f t f ? f f ?Tt f f t w W T O f t f ^ ' W f f '
t i ? w t , f f t f w f t f f i t ? , f ?wtf t e a ? f w t t stfft ft?? W T O ^te f | w t t w c ? W T ? w f f f ^ f W I t r ? t f ^ f f t w W f ?
ttfttf? W W ^ ftt) I w f t f f f t f t t W W T C f www fTO WW ilfft f^ ?te<3 t l t l t ? t's,ff% tte f t w , w t f t ? w f
m^ ftrt? f t f t t f r f f o www c t f t t w ? w t a ^ t i i f f t ? i
I f f t c t t ' (. w t f t f ? i l f f t t f t f Wft1?-il? TO) I w t t f f C t
W T O t f t f W ? f W t w f ? tTO W ? t ^ f f t w I f;?tWt? W t f f t f i t ? T O ft?:?it w t w f??-?it f i t (Markwart, Wehrot,
f t W t t t f t ? Wtttft-T"TîCf ftwtW 3!RIWR Wtww? ft?3|t i-b. O f f ) 1 'Wt?? t t w t TOt fitwtft ft?w?tftf t f f ff?
f i w f ? ?nwi<3 f j t w ? f f t c w ? I w?wt (g.) ît w? ffw? f f S tw? TO wfTCt? wt? f???f ?5W?fc wr??"? f f f c w ?
i l f f t ?f?t I ft<3 TO <3 t t t wf (f??t) ? ^ f?t>a w t r w ? w f t f (iifftft t c f f f ? f f Wt??'? f f t c f t f ? W T O t w c f ? r ^
ftt I fe?o/iffi1 WCt? f ? t ^ t t f f t W t ? f t i l t t t f t W f t ? t ffttte??) I ?fte?t f c f t f f f -wk i l f l t t f fwcT? ( w t f t
fft?Tftct? I f f g f w e t ? w i f r o r - ? T S j (ft?c?T, w f t i f f ftsf f f f , ? S i o ) - i l ? TO "^te i l t t t t l t ? t l f f % f t w W T O i l t
I
fte?? WW f t r o ) fe?f ?,te?? w?j fte?tftfw -^c? ii??. f ? T O ^rftt f t - f t (Kui-shui), t - ? (Wu-hu) W t W CW-f
W i f W C?W? f ? f f 3 i l t w f t f f i t ? ?5ftcw? I tiwf (Pot-su) W W f f f ^ I w t f W f T O t v a f t t a t C f f t t T O t t U
W t w f w fttw w f t f f wf? ct? f t w i l t f t f t ilfW? StTO _ H ^ I p l j j (g. " t f ? W f ? f t c f ? W t 3 t " Transoxania)
w - i l t t f ? wffw ftt I w T f f t - ? " t c ^ w f t f f t t w w w e t ? ttttf ftcro I
w f ?JC?? fCttW? tlTO ctf? wt w i t f t W R t t ??? t f f f e w t w f t w wtsf g w t f w t f t?tws[t?ewe?t's,t
fftew? ftsf C?CT$ WTOt f ^ TO WW f f t c w t i l t l f l f t c t j
I (Head Waters) tte t i f g ^ttlc? i wtictr t t t f r o f s Wg?
^ f t f t f t f ? WCt? f f t w j w t w t ftrfftfa w t t f o wr?t<it (W W t T O - t t T f e t Wf?TO, f . Markwart, Wehrot, %
f i f i t i e f tw t t w wwii? ftft ftcsf ftew f f ^ t r t w ^ f f t e w ff?; Barthoald, Turkestan, % bi <3 fttt? W?W ^tc
ffftcw? I i i t w w i l t f w f t f t f c t i f wicro. w f w w f f f t c w t l f ^ tt?TC?)-il? t i t f t f f f ? - i l W ? f f W I f t t ffCf t f t t
ffftew? I i l t f t WWCf f t t t w t w t f tfttw tw ?w t t w I f?-f1%et ffft? ^ t w t t f f f t t t - i i ? t f f c t t ^ f f c f tf
'-oiMii=i-'wif? t ? ? w t i T i S i ^ 8 - ? f f t . t t e w ftwtet? f t t t w ? f f t f o ? ro? ii?i w t ( f f ) f f c f ^te ' S f f W f f ( f . ) t T ?
f r t ?#Ct ilt f f w WtllTo tlCf I WWilt i S i ? 1 ffttt? tft fttt ??; i i t f f w "^tew t r . w r r o f f ^ f f c f f w f t w
WTitet? f t f t f t f f t w i l f f t w f f w r o t t w tc5 i ^tew-ttwis I t r ? w ? f f c r o f w t t e w t T ? t i t ^ TOwt,
t r c f t ? ? w t t c f t e t t t ? ff?ct<3 t r ? f ? ^tc fftc?? f w >s?T?TO <3 t f e t w f T O t f t?i? ttt tfft ?? I i l t t f s f t <3
tte w m t C f f t ? f f w f f t t w TO I WTttet? tesf w W w t f t t f ? w t f w t c f t ror t t w i i t f t tft? t i t t f t f
t t f c f ? f f "Wf <3 t w f t f c t ? w wtw w>sw tw? wf?f ^tc ftft w w r o ? I
f f t ? ttc tw? t f 3 wtet I t t ? w t t ffew tw? f f W f W8?-ii? W f t f f c f tte w t f t t f f f f t w t t t t e ? ?ietT
M ? ? w t f t fc?? I f e t w t f ? ^ - ? T e ^ f c f w ? t f t w wt? tftcfw ffff t f t f ^ '<3WfWt' (WW f f t f w t w
wf wt 1 iS>5-8 v j . firo wrft^t-Tttsf? twfftt? fff?ef f ? T O w e t ftftf) t t T T f ' w t f ?ttf ?ff w f t t ? W T O f e f
' W t f f ' ? t f t t - w t ^ " ( ? T ^ c f f c t t e t ? c?w)-ii? f w ? t f f f t ? ( i 8 ? 8 - i 8 ? f f ''f., f J t - f T ^ t W ? W f , f t t W W ib-b-1, ib-b-b-
ifbt? ro? I % i t . , ilfe f . ) W f W f T O t ^ WtttftW ?W ^ ? T t ? , W t ? t f C f
f f f t f s ( i ) J. Jomier, Le Mahmal et la i& wtaet? ?ft? t f f f w t t t t j f c t t f c t f t f t t t t f t t w c f t f t
caravane egyptienne des pelerins de La Mecque, t 5 w t w f t w t w ro?? I W f f f f f c f ? f c f f f f f t t w t f f C f
fttct! iS>(?0 % < 3 1 ^ t f W t f ? I W f f TOtt w t r f C^f^TO f w w f I
J. Jomier (E.1.2)/ii, ii?. i l t . W?f5? ??TO f iBi W f W f T O t i t wt3t w f c f W t f t i f t w t f tte frtft
^srr^ftWflt j_.l) s W I ? ? ? ^ ( O x u s ) , t T O T O ;
( L J J t i ^ t t w ^tc f l C f ( f . A. Schultz, Landeskundliche
f t f ? f t e t i l t t f w t t t ? WtTO Oxus W W ff?f5W f i t I tw? Forschungen im Pamir, W t f t t ifei-b '^., % ? 8 - ? f f ;
Jtf c^8s>8 tte ^dso f f c t i l f f a I w ? t T w r r o t r o w t - f t f ftt5?tt^ -iSitT t l t f ? g.) 1 ' W ^ f C t M f t W t f ? ? f t t W&^PvSTC?
ttwf tffCftt
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Contents
Wtf m p t
WfsfTsn n#ca aienn frft I S-nng WtAtnt n f fDs StnnfCAS ntn ( n i s f f , n t t . ntfwn. oa- f t e -aAî-i inftw wtei.-ant t A t t
est n n nnnrt fene^n wtAi* tnwffo fnnn i w t n - t n w f # nfSns) * ^ f f m (nt'^'f, w t n ) - c s 5 1 4 nsffmcA i *ntat *
(% AS.to) [tsn Al^sstn ([Kramers), 8Id-] -ann nfn ntn snffnfnAH n f ^ e n n ntaaten n s i f c a *ntafwnn (n^nten
Sean ^fnnteAn cstfnn cwsnrs n f n nft fnfn A*ntn n w n^ranrntn) * ^*ntfnnm (nwsrten nnntfnnm) wnf|w f|n i f s a m
wtsfn n f n f H A S I W . Barthold -at ntn'sfnn nft wtffn^ SaTm mntfnnm C w t n f ntftfnnm) aencan fln i
ntenn est nnnn ntsn ^fsnte^ -ant V . Minorsky-* nfsmtw ntn fnc^ ntntaam--an af%en watfnn w aena w n f ^ f l n
ntAts nft -^ssnwj enmt^^lsnte^ wtAt atAtentmnRmt nen A S (am ntna a w ) i -at ^ wtfnnt w t f ntnnt m ntfnn
(g. Barthold, Turkestan, f.toVf.; Minorsky, f f n , wnsen aena ms ntAt n w n m f c n n (nmfness) nnntfn *
f . A o b , -s-bo; Marquart Eransohr, 'f. A-so Wehort f. (Wfnes5) f t f n ^--an n s j n f f ^ w n f ^ i -ataten wtfnnt
fto * Lestrange, f . 8-s<j fnfwfwfen nnns ntnens cbSt n f n atRn fnsfB w t a n t t stnt S f ^ nm i wwsan tAt fnfnst
Înste^) I aenint t w e ^ -at nf-sentn n s R inntsn wtnAR (tsn (Sogdia)-s f n f s fnni antft stnt wneaes at*ntfnnn--a fnnt
Al*s>in wtsAtn wfnnn ntntA-cw wtnAttt) nten sffnw f l n i ealflsicA I
w t n - f n i f SAtess ^ (n) ntnt infînteAn i wm-ntns-fnf, f . A A - e w ^nfnta * fnta awtfe -ataten fatnt * f*nt--an ntw^
win-n5t*siissiH nfes* w t s f n n f s S t n f n n t fti nêsn i fm * f l n I nf%n fness i v v - b - i b ^ o , f . f m fbf^wnssens an tte
^ f f f s n f n s s t n ntn fnesm w n n S n n f ntAts Sean 'wrsnnt w t f n f a t f s . n f "stcw m?? f f a m fnssB fnm <Mlnv'--as nf^cn
ssfsmeAn (wT-wintf, An., i(?jo; tnn fnntnrsRA, f . -so; Bosaga an% wtnâifwicns i , i o o ffentfntra f f f m
tsfn-nns5fA, f . O A S ; tsn^^nwt, f. js-s; Minorsky, ^p^, csam W f sscs i iiA8 f . w t f n f mm wtRffm--an
f. -s(i--s n.), wtn fnes3 tAtew nnffnfnAtn (A-IJO ffi^rifn&tn, nf%n fnten niacsm a f w A S -ast cntfwesw tSfnnen aiettfans
nnjfen ntfnn, t s n n ^ , ; ô-cw ntfnn, ntAt nwnten S ^ f m r n n n f ? ^ nteamenn ( i ^ o - b f . ) -nn t t e w n f i t fns
(wtsfn) n f n wnrn Sanf"-' ntn -ant fnntn ( A O O ffentfn&tn, wnrnft^m wspcn wfcnfntn Atew Snenffnwtne^
nstfet * ^ ^ n t *twt%: mntn ntn nten nRfs) wtfnnt fnRw (nnm-nnnatffntnA ntst n ^ 4 nftnftc^ fnRm wtcA) a m f n f ^
AS 1 csnn csnn wentnfnn nen nnrnn, f n wtnf'n n f atw ^fsm cipPisicA I
(wtfRns wt-sntw, Barthold, Turkestan, % ntnns n S T f f n -^Rmfnss vonftcas w m 5. Minorsky, A'fn, f i ^ .
snffntnAtnnfn cnfAnfstet S t n f stnicA I c n t A ^ wten ( f s ^ ooSs; L e Strange, ntnffet s. * i o ; Atlas Istorii SSSR
ii-Hd- ffentfnStn) SAtn nsean (wtnlne^) "atnt -stn fnntn n f i i n a, nem iSi>8i, -b, i A , A-b; A Herrmann, Atlas of
nnnn mwtfn^ w n ^ 'fstntn. * s=iPiip n f n n w t f ntnnt an China, Cambridge (Mass.) iis'ixl- f . A8, o A , Sis, too;
c^ftflew aten nt -antntnt^^ (g.) n f n atfn* snntst ntn i SAf*
a s n t f fcns w m 'f. Atlas istorii s s s r , ii. nem ii8s.
w t f n f n nft fnfnw A S nt i -tten ntn fncs^s wntaj n f * w t f
i f t , i ' l , nf^n Rmta i v ; f S A t f ^ am ^ a e ^ , w m a m - t
n f a # cafflcw cafflcw ntfnn nesr sntnt ntn i f s n t s (fn^
ntmaam, w f ?tcw ^ mnm w f s m by A. A. Semenov,
fncs^s) n f * t n n t f fcn w t s f n n f a w catfl nt i f f ^ af^tfw
w t a c w iSsAto; A. Herrmann. Atlas of China, f . 66
stew at^ -at war wtw* ne=tiAtffwtcs a n t f ^ A S ntt cs,
(wfffnwtn fnwf#), Westermanns Atlas zur
wtAteiis f c n -4t n f w t f n f e w wtfnnt fnRtw s t ^ (Ptlemy,
Weltgeschichte, iii, Brunswick 1953 % io8, i o f t i
vi, 10. ^. Murghab); A t f S R (5.), Arius, W f ^
nsjfea w t f mnmn -SlssfT fn^fnfaw ^ - s f n fnean -snn:^
nn^ffnew ^^rntnt ntt (Slrabo, Xi, 58; Potelmy, vi,
w f s n # f l n I fwnfnn, nnfn^, ntnn ( w f , ntn fne^) ntsis
17, ^. Pauly-Wissowa, ii, 623 f.) i
f n a f w fness w t a f w w n f ^ , w t f n (mn mn fness) ntsm
w t f ntsntn Safnwtn wnaen fnc^ Sfaf%w cwnt-sfn w n f ^ s R a f w fness tfnrsn w n f ^ -ant n f ? ^ m*ntfnnn--an fsfw^
*niatn (at n f n ffcn) wwsan ntntaatn ( n f n Swn "fen) * n n f w n f ^ C^. the articles) i
nnin ntAte at * fnnm n f s Saffstn fnfnw AtsieA--at fnnn WTf ntsms atfn nsrwsstftsn wt3cn wtfnm ntfwm mn; -afan
^^tenn nf^n * n f f nfnfnc^ nmm (ntsm) w n f ^ -ant w * S ^ * cn nten t s m f n ^ o,ft<io stew ft,<ioo fnSm an -ant
nm*nm i w t f ntnnt * *ntaa--an nsiatcn ewwtw w n f ^ i nitnm i - ^ stew v fn&m asff% am i 'fnit men ^ mfn
*ntaa atfnn wnsens ( n f ^ f , w t n - f n n m , f , AÔ-CW * wtmn mfnm nm i t m s - f n n f f wnsnnfcss mn f m w wânnfCA
w-fnnt!#f tmep ttlnn nfnntc^) nsr fnnt -ztntfts -^nt nrns W nmm w a n n nc5 i n ^ -atmen w t n^ nnmfif -s cm'tmrs
tnntf ffsew
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8 Ife
t,W T I I i t wsi35PTfr? cHm WW t^mQ ? f -Jtc tift R?2t? w?ff ( t f f t t ? t ^ ) tt?tt?-cf t r ? Cft f w tftt?
f w T I w , nftf tsfffct t r ? w t f t e t w w w f t wt3t ftw (tltr<tf, t w t . Morley. 1. Vfffe) i t f ? t f âW-? WattW?
i l f f t ttp t f f t i f t w ^ w WW? w f t f f t w w w t r ? twi ^ W I f w w S t t t ??f. tfwc?? t ? ( i V I O t . ) WT?<3 f w t t
t w T I ^ f t t w r f Jtc ilt wt3t f w t t ? w w w t f t t w ^tcw (tfefffttf-il? t t w t t ) ftttt f t f t f CffSW ?ttic? i
wws (Bartold, Turkestan, !. t.) i ? f W ? t t t t ? Wf'S?f?-i|? fttfw f f t f ( t f f C t ? w t ? f f t f
ftra w t t T f t t t t w ? tlw-stffw g fij? w f w w t itP* <3 f f ? t t ? W t f f t f ) t f ? t t w t t f ^ ttc Wtt?f t,t? T f il?l
t ? ? f ?tWI WTf W?W WIT? ttTW??lftW Wt3Wf? Witt c t t w ? ttc wt?-a tt^ t t t t t t t ^ c t f f t w wtff I i l t t f t
t t f t f - i i ? 1 f i t w ?ft?t ftfft? fttf t f t t f t f f r ?5fttw t l t f I ? f tr?T?rftfiw t w f t w R t<3?i?t Pttf-? f w <3 t r ?
Ptolemy-ii? f W W f W W f r i t f .^s W t t ( f i f f )-.i? t t l f f t w t f w f f t t f w ^ftW t f t f f t t il?l t f t t ? t t t t ? f f W f t
^^m Wff w ? w w ? t f t t fttf f f t w ( t w t r ? f t t ? fttfw, (Turtkul)-il? t ^ w r f t a T W t t f t f W t t t t t ? f t W t f f . Wff
cf?W t w W w t r ? t i w t ^ - t f % t t ) W ? T f t t?5ffttw sfttt Wftt? ff^ t1Wttt3Ct t t w f <3 W l ' J t f f f t t i i f t g W tWIWf?
f f t w I W f t - f ? i f w t ? i i f w f w W e t t f f t ? i l t tfw? f W twf% ?5W f t f w f i t ( f . Tolstov. in Bibl.. and
WfW? f f t w t w (f. A.Z.V. Togan, Biruni's Picture) i Khawrizm) I
sffWfWW i l t # w f t t f w t t t ? tw? t w t s t I t f f t f t ? f i l t t W - J t t wt?-a t ^ - t t % W < 3 1 ^ tfWP Wtf WfW? f t
W t f f f ? "^tt WW?itt wft? "^tW Repetek f s W # - i l ? t f f t t f c t f c t tl? tt? ' t t f t t f e ^tcw t t c f i l t l i l t ? tf3 t r
t t f ftw t t ? f f t w ( f t f f ):t?,<st t f ? t t ? t t t f t w CWW t f t t f f f ^^W wttfcc? I f f f w f f t w w t f Wftt? tfa w t w f t w
twit "St I Ctt? ife?V <3 ifeSo ^^fCR? t t T ? f t t w i l t wt3tt WW f f i f i t f f t t ct twtt5 t e t t wtcwbtt vs t t t e w ^
v5t^3Ct WTf W??T? tl t l w t f f ^tc t f t f I f W W l ft1%f 4,t?lC? I De Goeje t r - t f t f f t w ? W W ' S f w r f f f t W t f f t c t t
f i t c f f t t t r ? t1ttt? i t tft??tf Wt@? ?W ?T? W i W f ? f f t t t c w , w t f Wftt f c t f e t t f f t ffft? w t f ? ffww ^ ? t wi?tt
f c t f f w f f t t c t ? mff wftft ?fw traT cw? ftrwcw t.tf Wte?t t f f w t t w I W. Barthold i l t tew? f f e t r f f w
?w? ^jct ( w i t - f ? i f ? ?f?itt ti? w fttfcf? tfW tt^<3) f f f t t e w I t f f t t W f C ? ? , ctttft Wftf i ^ ? i wf?t?w?w
tl<St t f ? t f f t t w t t f f W f ^ f t t t t w f W s)t?TW? I (f.) t ? ? w? f t f t i ? Sctct t f t t ? ttr? ftct f l f f t f t t t r ? t f f
W f t - f ? i f ? t t w WTf W f W f i i f f?W? t f - f f t t ffw t t % t f f e f stttffe f t f w f f t t f i t I f w w i t f f t ffwttset wttfw
tffw.istw il??, f f f t t w ? w t ? t f s cttftc tftfw W 1 w w t f c f Tftf frft-il? t f f f t t t W vS w w t ? i i w w WffiJJSI fffw f f f f
strabo (xi, 50) t r ? f f t i t t t ? W t W t f f ?>QW? f W {Cink)-il? t r r f t fit?? 'jf fftf WT? t ^ t t t ^ (iM
t t ^ t f t ? ? I WW fef, W<3?Tffft-il? tWTW WW? t w t w wtw? Uzboy)-il? t t t ffw t t T l f e ^ Cttff t w f ? Ctt t f s
?ft?it? T=ft *iwtf? t l f r t ii?i?Tr?tftt?'5t W t f t w f f t t f t t t t t W t W : t t f w tt I i l t w f ? t t f w Barthold
W p i ? t f f t W m CtSfT? W ^ I t r t i l t f t f ? t t W W ?TT ? 1 t f W ? f t W f ( ? i o , Wf. ?o>i}, i i i , Wf. i i o ) , ? T f f W - t
?>W, c t t f C t Ctstt t l ^ t t WTf W f t f ? ilfW3I ff^ t t ? t t Wt??i (g. W. Barthold. Aral, 8V t . ) <3 w t t t ? ^ - f ?
?tCtfWWl W f w t f ? t f t t C t f f t w I W t ' W t f (WW. B. Dorn.
w f t - f ? i f t w fc??, WTf Wftf? t ^ t c t f f f W t f f i t tttw Mohammed. Sources etc., St. Petersburg 1850,
t ? t f WCt t r t l t t f t ttw W "^W f t f t WfWWtft <3 f t i t . , 80>lj, Wf. 80<b) i l f l t wrrtW? t t ^ t f f f w t w WW
f f ? ( f f t f W Pitnyak t f ? CWTTf t t t o V 8 f f t W f t f ? w t t t t ? w t w t t f t - i i ? ctiTTt t t c w ?p f f f w -wniw t f w
ft?)-il? t t T ? f i i f t i f f t f f C t i^bo tttf?) t f f "^tW "^tt g t t ' f f f w f i t I t ^ t l f W f ? ( o t . , ?88-?8>!s, CtWt-il? f f C t
tftf? f?Tffe ^t, WW w r t - t f ? ( t t f t - w t t t f w i t i ^ f t ' ) i l t tT w<3W w? W t ) ftiffwew, f t w t ? ^-w?? t r t f w ,
WW fifft^ I f f f i t t f w ^ f w f ^ ttttw r w fiftfffe T l , t t t ? w t t f r ? (trttti? t f e ) ttc w i w f ( t f t t w w i f f i t w ) t t w
w t t w f f i i R ftfw t f f t ? W2ft? ?vsw? t t w C f t t w t t f w r t t f g t t fC?? il?l ' t i w f f ? t ? ' w t f wttt wtfSFt fC?? 1 f f f i l t
f t t f t w t f f f W I i l t ?f? t t w t t f t t t f f S wtt t f t ftww wctt? c?f? w t t : t t R ? w ? f 1 cf??t w ^ W f W f ? ffewt f r ?
^ ? f ?1? I tt?f1??t-il? t?itTR tJW? t f f f f i t t f t WtT?f? c f c t r f f f ?f?t? t f f f f c t f t t w t e ? t wtf wpt? w w t w t w
f w t t t t tig? ?t?tfl=i I f f ? w t t f w r f ? 'wt?? f t t r t f f f t t t f f w ^vsw? f w ?4w f t f w e w I i t t f t W W t f w t w t t t f w
wt1tft?Tt-cf w r t f f t t ? t ^ w?ffw, c t b t f w wt3ct? t f w t De Goeje W f f w t s c f t f l t l t w WW Barthold-il? f5Wttt?t
f ti?ict ftttf f t ? ? 1 wrw? i i f W f f w r f t wt?<3 t ^ - t f % t t T^jNs w t f f f t w t i f t t t w t w T I I
t t w f tfft?tt
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8tro
W T f mmn
R f -iiwppfcq-a sfin wm t l ^ A l n R w Barthold-<ira wm^ Turkestan, }. i f t A ; -5 c n t ^ , Oroshenie, "^J. b-8; -3

m^sR "^Rsicw I fmv Le strange, A. Herrmann mi c n t ^ , Aral, f . Â) i Snm n t n (mfm) cmwcM fnwens t n
mf% *mR[f 'fmn (eiruni's picture m m ? f n m f f % nswn m f n n f % t ffes* (mnmRr^) w n f ^ fln i cntwt t w r f c w n t f
IA, i t . , B A o - A t o - ^ n m stmeA)--as m s t A i t cn, f ^ n w f t c w n n f t Ate S m n f n f ^ A*mcss n t ^ n n f n m arst ssm mte
WTf mnm nnRnmn m n m t t R s s t i tten I n w f n s m cn^snn f < Snren ^ A-snrn S m s t t f n
Barthold ( m m s m s nnm wnm)--^? rnnrn -at cn, afcmwn W f n t e s c n m A t w i ntm ASns, ( s t r f n ) Snm t t f n
cnB&t " a m f R s orif mnnra cmsm -awm w i m n m n c n n 9m nsssiA^ê n f ^ ttm tc^s -ans S m n -snifn--an ts.finf^
ntnnRs s t m m n i -at nrimcn wrsm/Swcn iftfttr -amen (i8<j-o t - s t e w n n t t w t f f s n e m ^nsn s t m f t m t l n i S s m
w i n n n m f t Anthony Jenkinson ntcn wSnns t t c n w t n t n s ^ s m n c t n n w m n f - s nsm'wt f c f n n^<t>ct w n f ^ ) -s f n S n m
(in R. Hakluyt, The Principal Navigtions etc., ntn w I wneten f - s n m -at atcnctn m w m f A-sntn ctfns nt
London 1927, i t . , 885*) * ^so/i5txA n c n -attcn w i n w -s n f n t f w n S ^ tfnn^snnfcsn ^^nrfctt mfn s t m f i n i t s m
n i n f l men 'Smrf n?,%i w m -ans ^>^^ (Barthold, Aral. nsen m f f (wtmn) s ^ nt w i - a t t m s t w -a^ fw^r
71; -5 cntns, Oroshenie, 93)--an n4mn S ^ fwnic^H I nmfncss amtft t t n n f A ^nfn?t t w r f c fnfnw AS -ans ( m f f n )
wftR wTsrm w t f n - n n f ( w . i-bo-o f .)--an S ^ - a fnntcA^ i Snm t s n f n s n i wtAtn w%5 fssf&i f f f s m t m i
wTsm n'lm w f n i f l WTf ninnm nfw w t f n - n n f m -sfcnm oo n t n n W T f m s n r n cntAm wnscnn c m w n f w n m e f a . tt-sntfsnn,
f c n (ift'io nnmrnfl) t R n f w w stmRn i tr-smtnnf c n t ^ f - s m , w m m , ctc^st, -s-an, ^ f m n , Sscs<i, w T s n n t r s s , m n w i
w t R f f * f f n ( ^ n f n t t t w t f f ) - - a n f - s m n?an n t m t f f w f m f f WTf mm n f t -s S s m fnmnsn nnen? w r f t r c ^ -ans Sî
-at n t m ift'ib- t - n s n l t w s t m f t n (Barthold, Aral, f . m m s t w fSenêns cmmt ^ t e w m^-.iin cmmt t w fnnrmn
bh-<\8) I -atmen c m w t fwrftn t n n i f nncn w t f m n m n w m t n ttess I -at R n n f t w t s n ^ ^ t m f n n -s t n t n s t c t s w m fmsicnn w t
mncn t f w w A-sm ncîiAiffwwicn ajmftw A n i t t n f f i n ( t n n n r ^ m . A t . , 8<?o t . , o t . , i t . ) i i^<t> t -
cmwttwTff t w S n ^ w t f rnnrnnfnswnrnftmww, cm^ncnn fnsst ste t n r s n t n w n s m -at mxm f t w "stm
s r f w t i m f t nfn-s -^fwmfnns f f l c m t ^tc S m n f n s w n m f t m m'f ( f n m n , i t . , iSiA, fwen^n i A i s ) w t m s a n t m m t c
n?,3Fi fnnnft f n g m m r s simftw nsen (^. A . Herrmann, nfirsTflcnn i f f g %n c n l f c n sncsm n nra t f % t n fs^
Gitt noch ein Oxus-Problem? Petermans s t m t i c ^ I t i A t ? - a n r w n f n S t R w t t w f n s n s t m m nncss
Mitteilungen, 1930, f . ^b-to t . ) , w m f n f c t i n f n n -s wfnm ttess i
f w t f ^ f n c t n ^ n t n n m t -at mnm afntTm ^^fnm wtfncwcAn wtffnss nnen w t f mm nfw t f n f n s m w Smess s n f w m
(5. A. S. Kes. 1. P. Gerasimov and K. K. Markov, m t e n t f w w w t s m s s c n f t t f n s s ^ wtcw i i-î-b f . f t t m fn
and S. P, Tolstov, in Bibliogr.) i WTffnns ^|WTf^ cnt f s s t w w t e n w n w c n f f f b - c b - w r f t e ^ ( a t ^ t e ^ m-sm
t c n n t m afwtnnm AS, w t f mnmn m n f n w T c n t f w t f n n w n ^^fnrn f w e m n f n m e s s , w . Brockhaus-efron, Entiskl,
m f f nnfft--a t f w w A * m a i m f ^ sten-s f f s w f f e w n n f t n m Slovar, iii, 356 f.; BoI' shaya Sovetskaya
mncsn fnc^ stmfsw A*mn nnen S n < ^ cn w i f mnnrn n f w t c t f ^ Entsikl.-^, vi, 406, with references) atm wtnews f m
wtm ^ t n - s RTfiw A n m I tn wiAtw w i b c t s Stf3s n f t t f f i n n m s i m t s e n ^ t s m f f
n f f t w ^ WTf mnmn fnfw^ m t m t f w t f s n w n -ann c m n w f t ssfnmflenn i ib<ô t . S ^ t f n s s ^ f n n m tntenrnm ssm AS
fnnn n n ntAtn a f w f f n w # c w m nwntcn mTfiA c t m t nsm mte -ans, f f w t w w t e n ^ i n w nsfnnm w m w f c m n n nsm AS I m n w t
tten I tt-smfnnn--an m f m tnnrf mwmf n m w r f m n m n nfw S n f n - - a n n m fnst atntft t f w t t n n r c t ^ S t f ^ n f n m
tfnnwcna n n ^ ssenm^ A t s i f i n i m m s S ^ , -at fsncn at-slsî'i s n I cssmn tAtew n t f ^ m f t - - a n f^wmt w s t s nsfnrnn
ntn twtfn fctinfnmTin n^fnt'sftn w f s m nc^^tAsmns nfnm n w m m f s m m w w n ^ f f atActn atcnrwn "stes m (^. A. i.
AS I wTAim.5nc*ffn ( t i # w m ) S c a t nsRnrcAn i t s n n m w m Glucovskiy, Propusk vod r. Amu-Dar'i
wtnm (f. SiA) nnsn^ ^ tTAt? (fnss)--an ttrnTTCt w n f ^ postaromuyeya ruslu v Kaspiyskoe More, St.
f l n , fssf w i n - t n m t f f ( f . ooo) -s t s n A l - s s s m (Kramers, Petersburg 1893) i s m A t m t t c ^ , iSiftA f % t e ^ s n t ^
f. 8bro)--as wrm w f m f f w t s m mnes w n f | w f|n i w t n - n r ^ l ^ nnrm t n cntfwesw n n w i s a o -at WSTSA w m n f n nfw
( f . *,b-b-, 0 8 0 t . ) c w i f t m f t f n n n t cnn m t (^. Barthold, t f n n f n nsnw Smess S n f f - - a n -annst f n m atntft nsnitsm
tnntf fmscsnn
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Contents
8Vi
< # f w i W i r o rt cw I t f f t ? f i f f t i f f f c f w t f f wtfm P. Gerasimov and K. K. Marcov, Cetvertlcnava

(Tashiz) H (Tash) t i f f fPract f t f f i Ctsg ffftCW 2R?R geologiya, Moscow 1939; (iff) cttf,
f i t I fift ffTc^f f r o wsfcf iioo Ifwiftfi? f f tictt Lednikovyy period na territorii, SSSR, Moscow
tirotj ftis ttftc ff f f t t "i^ct mt, t r f f t f Leningrad, 1939, General historical geography;
(Krasnovodsk) t l t f f i c t ffft flftwit tlfC? ff "^Ct i (i^) W. Geiger, Ostiransiche kultur im Altertum,
f t i f ttt f t f t f t i "^Ct m i t r o t l t ^ t f t f ^ ftffCt Ctt Erlangen 1882 (ftCft1Ct J. i o - o o ) ; ( i i ) W .
wfftw ftfti t i f t t t f t t ro.i t f t f i.o ftftttt (ivs t w ) Barthold, Turkestan (ftCft f f t t l % bS-bi., i 8 ? - f f f f ) ;
c?ff? (i c?ff? ? . 8 i i m?) f t t tiftttctttr fte ftft ( i b - ) i5 c t f f , Istoriya Orosheniya Turkestana, St.
CtC5f t t t f t ftff fftc ^ C t I ilttCt f t w t f f t f f f t Petersburg 1914; (ii) J. Marquart, Eransahr,
t f k t 1 t r o f T T O R f t f t r o wtt wtt ^ i f f i t 'Jf f t t Berlin 1901; ( ? o ) ^ - f f t - w l t t t , f t t ^ ( t t t f f s t T ) ; (?i)
^ct I itt tfffwTt f t f ftwttft ^tttc? tt f ftct t r o WtT'ttt t t f C f t f t f f t t t , Birunis Picture of the
tiwtttctt wtft ftf ttt trftiffetctttt f f f t t I World, N e w Delhi 1940; (??) S. P. Tolstov
f f f if g t i r o t t t t 1 t - f f f C f t wtl 5. ( i ) A . Drevniy Khoresm, Moscow 1948; ( ? ) C t t f , Po
Herrmann, in Pauly-Wissowa, xviii/2 (1942), sledam drevnekhorezmiyskoy tsivilizatsii,
2006-7; (^) W . Barthold, in, El^, s. v.; (o) wt?-ttt Moscow-Leningrad 1948 ( w t f t W f . O. Mehlitz,
f t f tlftlf fttf, (ilt t f f W f f f f f t ^ tTttf f t f C f Auf den Spuren der altchorezmiischen Kultur,
trtr ^tticst) wt?-ro t t f f ftt-iif t r g f f f f t c t t f t ^ w i f Berlin 1953); CfCttw f t f t f C f ? WtT f . ( ? 8 ) S. P.
ttttt; (8) Entsiklop. Slovar of Brockhaus-Efron, 1 Tolstow. Die Arbeitsergebnisse der
(1890), 676 f., xxxiv (1902), 610, 742 (Uzboy, sowjetischen Expedition zur Enforschung des
Unguz); ((?) Bol'shaya Sovetskaya alten Choresm. Sowjetwissenschaft,
Entsiklopediya^, ii (1950), 304-6 (with a map of Geisteswiss, Abt., 1950. 105-30 o (?ff) B. Spuler,
river area) i c f c f l f t f s (b) F.Machatschek, Chwarizms (Chorasmiens) Kultur nach S. P.
Landeskunde von Russisch-Turkestan Stuttgart Tolstovs Forschungen, Historia, 1950, 601-15;
1922; (1) Trudy Karakumskoy ekspeditsii, (?'i)) S. P. Tolsow, Die archaol. Forschungen der
Leningrad 1934, iv; ( I r ) W . Leimbach, Die Choresm- Expedition vom Jahre 1952,
Sowjunion, Stuttgart 1950, % i i o f.; (s.) Th. Sowjetwissenschaft, Geisteswiss. Abt. 1954,
Shabad, Geography of the USSR, New York 267-80. W t f f f f T O tte w t t f f t f t s (^1) J. Wood, A
1951, % o^8-8ob- (f. ftf^). Geographical Joumet to the Source of the River Oxus, f f f t "^t,
geological examination of the river bed, etc, Zap t ^ ib-i? ( W i t h historical geographical
Imp, Russk. Geogr. Ob-va po obshcey geogr., iv introduction by H. Yule); (?V) J. Markwart,
(R. E. Lenz). ix, xvii (A. V. von Kaulbaras), xiv Wehrot und Arang, Lieden 1938 (ftCft % ff? f., f .
(Zubov), xx (V. A. Obruchev, Zakaspiyskaya f t f ^ ) I Wtf t 1 f t t - t f ^ 'WW 8 (?J) M. J. de Goeje, Das
nizmennost), xxxiii (A. Konshin, Raz' yasnenie alte Bett des Oxus, Lieden 1875; ( o ) Barthold.
voprosa o drevnem tecenii Amu-Dar'i); ( i o ) Svedeniya ob aral'skom more 1 nizovyakh
Trudy Amu-Darinskoy ekspeditsii, li-iv, St. Amudar'i, Tashkent 1902 (in German;
Petersburg 1877-1881; ( i i ) A. L Tkhorzvskiy, Nachrichten uber den Aralsee und den unteren
Amu-Darya mezdu g. Kerki i Aral'skim Morem, Lauf des Amudarja. Leipzig (1910); ( o i ) V.
St. Petersburg 1916; (i?) L. A. Molcanov, Lokhtin, Reka Amu-Dar'ya i eya drevehee
Proiskhozdenie presnovodnykh ozer Uzboya. soyedinenle s Kaspiyskim Morem, St.
Izv. Gos. Gidrolog. Instituta, 1929, 43-57; ( i o ) Petersburg 1879; (o?) Le Strange, 433-45, 455-58
A.S. Kes, Ruslo Uzboy 1 ego genezls, Trudy ^3 f f f S ; (oo) D. D. Bukinic. Starye rusla Oksa i
instituta geografii Ak. nauk SSSR, 1939; ( i 8 ) I. imu-dar'insksya problema, Moscow 1906; ( o 8 )
t t t f f ffJiCfft
t.ft.^>bi
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8VA
A. Herrmann, Alte Geographie des unteren m t t r m c w H t n n t f w ^ t f n w i f C A ' t f n n f ^ A S I on M

Oxus-gebietes (Abh. G. W , Gott., N. F, xv/4), t w i % w wm-wnt*nien 03n -atsm 'fn nwmn fln mm f f n i t
Berlin 1914; ( o f t ) F. Kolacek, Etait TOuzboi RHenn nft n t f t j f < fln i Smew mfnit w t t ttwt -ass fns
Pendant les temps historiques un ancien lit de "^ten fnRw ^m wti^tm mm fwwn fnc<p. cm^s fnntcA i Sm ^ê
I'Amou-Daria?, Spisy vydavane w^sent 8f/ion t w r f * ftn / i i t t w i f t n -miwf fcnn
Prirodovedeskon fakultetou Masarykovy S ^ AS, ntmew'spt * t t w nem nnsmnntfbw fln -ant cn css
University. 1927 (viHfbâiA); (oto) W. W. Tarn. The Stn Sm f n f ^ ^ wrm* ^ ntm snn^nnnnn i i n / i o t
Greeks in Bactria and India, 1938, % 8hi-8>>t> i t w r f e w * ws.tnntfsnen R S f n f n fn* -asst nst fln i W
B. Spvder, m W ^ n ' s f W t n t r ^ P t w (E.I.^)/ -at nncn cmenn Sntnn ntfsenn =fR wttinwrfAcss -atsit
^ f f s s mm fcttRw nsm "^w ntmc m f n wtnenn Sn fiiwss
( j ^ j ^ ) % (wt) Wf S wtf? t i t , f s s t t ei? t9
wsftt ssfsnfn * fna fmHn Rrnmn ttff i - ^ f n Stesn fness
'jwD 8 9m cms mc^^ f W i f#rsi ^miwi,
ctm ^ m nttw; nm w s t w wten' nfiwcn wtm Smew t f t n
mt cttmt m\ ^ ; n t t mfm^-ntASte ( 8 ifCA m>#Ff * Sttnnt'iAc^ Ri%^
etms) 1 tm cnt n w nemsn * fniw^ stsncsn w f e n n sTfw
mw * iiniwcws w t i ^ i l s w l t v o mnRflt im Rsftttn
R n ^ T ntm msi'$n-ol (Saragossa)-s ssTf^pn-wtsninnit (ftn
"SRI 'sess nrssis smt AS I snrnn Sahii<p*p * îil^f*it ^tein
/ i i t t w r f f ) , -si fit I t * n n e w wtf-f*nrA"fAfn--an
mtn ^ "^ti:!? S-afiiRw ninnt c w c w W f n R w n ,
nnfensfnew f n f ^ Atsti|'=i (tot twtff/iAt twtff) i i n / i o t
fnetnw W e n cn, fnfnnt, fnnn, wiiS>4i c t c n n sftnfn^
tm%w c t f n nnew w f n fnf^ ttess mms f e e n
fcnn n n f w n n f c ^ 'ssQfn ntn^ SntnR mnt w t stsliln i
w t t fln enfn n f t -imt Stesn w t t nnrsnm nt^nfA n # i w
w f s sitnfn^ w n ^ wcnf*t mftn n^mnfcsn w f w : n n f n ctn
fln I Smess 'înffn corbeI--an m S ^ ntt n m mtcw ttes
stntn n n -ann fcnn fpnt An nnn t n n r f ? n f ^ f <
ntm tnntenn tttR^ (plastic) m^?enn smtm nftw n?fiwf<
z^ftn nnw ^sn^ An wtm '^nnt^nnswtcn mmfnm nncnn fln i
-ant ^ms f(*nt-o n^n* m t i S ^ w t % W nnfwn *
lat n w f n c n t -s % n n n m n f f w t t aftnfn^ fcnn ^z^n
mfmrnnfCA * attntw wtn-Ainm strmen cjgfn w f n
nrtn crnnnst w^fmnnn S ^ Snfnwtnfnftt (convex) fln m
tisnf^wAS I wm-AHnmsiff ff^ w f n ^ wtm nnctn ftn
-imt Smcnn m m f < 'SncnT - a ^ n w i n fln i Smenn-wtffw
nanfess t t t m (istalactites) m m * nftmcA ntm nsnw t m f
mntnnw cntmmn wnm n^ cmninf*ft ^^w i csn ' f n m t Rfw^
wfcnsnwnst i
wrmcsn ^w niAic4 amnw f t i t csffcw fnw^ nsm mte men i
G. IVIarcais (E. 1.2 m.m.t.)/f. WtSfn n t f R
-at Swn C23ft nsnw ^ f n n f n s 'fn f f w AtsicA i f f ?
stiwit c 2 t f e w t ' s i f n t n f ^ * - ^ i w c s j n m ' i t t n n : n R n m R t '^srr^ ( j j - ^ ) s (wtmn), n f ^ t wtnfwfnnm -anslt ^ t
smn cjfffcw cnt .nsFt w f n nftntcA ntmn n ^ nrtn ^ tn I -at wtsen nmstnnnf - a w n cntew mnifften 'wtfs ^
(Herzfeid) n w snftn i w n n en n i f e n n nfnn n^ tfsnfCAS n t n ^ t nsm A S i tm wtnfwfnnm mmfn w t t n m f ^
^stew f f w AtsiCA I -at s t w n s s f n o n /s.n t w t f t n ni>ilsnt t n w c f t f * wt*mn m n n (Ouled Nail)--^ w t t f n c t n -ant
-s n t w T s wnf^w '-iiisof wttRrmnfCA e n f ^ m-am ntn i ni%t-ti%n * S ^ - f s fness Tpwjmif ^m f^tntcA i m n o,<oo
w w s t n -at s f n wen^ttfn f w n wiite <>m<H 'f f f ntetn S^ -fit t n w f s m f A * n R t f c w n ^^jmnfA (o,Aift-o,iiioo
wttinnnnfCA (on M t w i # s ctnwtt) fitetrsn AS I t m n sfsnn ^t) ttew f f f ^ S t c n S f ^ nnmfn ntAtm trfsittsenn
fnncn f n # -a i>isMf n t f f ^ wtncn* wnftA ttc^ i Smcnn (A,s.ift-o,Aift f t ) ttnenet ntinm f^tntcA i n f ^ t - t f % n stew
iwf%fn - a f t snenn, wen f n t f w f f i n ^ wtffwn nrtn -at S ^ - f c ^ f n ^ -at t f o n t f w n ntsttten n n w n f f n n Stn fnm
5fn tnten* enf^tew m*m ntn, cnttcn t t * ttfnn w t t i n w wnmm smtit^ f^tmcA -ant fisntftrsict mcst mcst tftn
sTfw ^cinn f n w t 'sinmt wtc^ i -at ff f t m w t m f m S t w j w tfntw AtiticA ntm wm-wfm t t ^ m f mmffn fit
ntitn cnsmesn CAf5 CAf& nnsn êsn S t n s t R R o oitt ntn I ^înntcA I t t m S w m n ^ wtsnik f t 3 ' f w w , mfwfcwtns
f f f n c a f s w f e f s w t f f w wen^ttfn " ^ R f f n w e n n #stsnn * ^gnntfnnswtcn f i t t r c w n ms* wfnss i w r w t f n
(corbel)--an mm i tm cteni-*its -ass nnn ^ ^ o ^ e t ntmc fniwf t n w c j j f , fnetn n m S ^ - t i ^ -amsn (8iiiAo-ftftift f t ) *
j w w s n s * SAtn ntmfnn wtfiw tinwrs;-^nteA I tm c n f n wm-wfm (osoft-8ftio ^) -atn* nen wtf i -at nnntlw
tnntf Rjtemn
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SIRS
sfsfffo fb<l?ft, f l WT#ff I fttpnfffn tf%Prft ilt tfcs? T? iltl W W f T ? f IR W ? t fftw 'W??et? Rftf f t %
tfwtft3i3? T f f ilRtfT? Wtw? wf? w t wffe W??J WfT? Ct?t? R l f ? ! f C ? I iff ff?f5 tittf t t t t W??ir ( f f i o isj.) t w
t i t t t i t '^ttiC? I C t f f f ?tct ttff'jf, ftttf5l% wtwfct WW fc? I t w wflfe ioft r f ( W ^ ^tc wf)
g f w t t t Wf f t ^ i l t Witft ' W f t % # t t i&i?l1tfft f i t I w t t f t r c t i t w f t f T f - w f t f ( W R T T f t - # t t , f?W?
T 5 ^ w t c ? i f e t1t?1 f f t l f l t I ?f%t t T f T O t t t t f s j f f l t w f t f ^ i o f f s i ) w e t f t f f f w I 'w??etef r f ww Wt w, f t c t t
ftttet t l l f f e ^ t f r ^ I WfTW W T C f ? ttcwctt cffcaj? WWfttc? ttttfe T f f ? t f f f f w 'w?? w t t e ? c f f T T f t ? ttsf?'
ft^^J?ftlW? W t t s t t W ? I V t / i 8 f f1% W T W ? W ? % fC? 1 it ^ f ? ttw? ftw R W f f t w t W ? ? t t i t
tiWV^
W W ? ? t t i l t wft?1%R? f f t f t t . W ? I W f f W f W t ^ ?,R?ef T f f ? ?.R? ( ' W f ^ - - f t ) f f w w f f t f e ? I
W?}f?5wtc? i t f t iJWtslt t t t t t f t f t W f t ttwf? tICftvl W t - f RWCt? f ? 1 f t - f t - i l i t f R ^ t t f e ?t?IC?, ' f f t f f c t t
Wf?ft ? t f t tfttt? f C t Wf?ft'Wf? W t i t fsfti T f I Rt'Cftf?ftfftf ^ W f t f ? f f f f ffttttlCt?? . . . . W o g f ?
"WfC?? fttffw: ( f f ? ) f1tftff%f # ? ? Wfc???jift5WT ct t f f t r f t t e f wfww W f t f f fe?? i' i t f t w f T W f f t r t
w o W t t t ? "^tc w t f c t f f i t , ,iit?if w f i t j F F R w w RSflfe ?ttlt|1 (tf? ttwt, i / i t . , i f f V , f w 8 ) I i t ttw?
ctftct f t w w ? I wfttt 'Wf? ft i f f f t f f f t f t f W W P T I c t t ffo'tft f ? ?tf' t t - W ^ ' Q W t WCt t w ? T?? f ? T W t (t)-i!?
wtet? f i t wtset? t ^ ^te f w e t et?w c?ft? ii?i W?ITl I
f t t f f w ffc ?t?rt fc? I f f s f t w t f t t t t f f j e t t t t r o f f f # t S ( i ) t f ? ftwt, f w , t f t ? W . ft. i / i f., 80->59i,
T f I " W f f t f f W e t l f f ? f f c f t '2t? ?se? I f f t t f f f Wilt?tf i f f V ; (?) t f ? t t f t ? , W t - f f W W , f f t ? W . f t . , ? f . , i l o - l - b ;
c f g W f f (Aflou) wffff ftwtf? f t t e f t e f w r fffw t ? w (o) 1^ C f t f , W f f ? , f W f ' t - f t ; ( 8 ) P. K. Hitti,
?ttic? I History of the Arabs. London 1949, p. 6 2 , 6 4 . ;
f f f # t 8 ( i ) Derrien, Le Djebel Amour (BuU. de (ff) t f t W R , W-t?tf fw, tt?iW W . ft., i f . ,feo-fe?,i o o ;
la Soc, de geog. d'Oran, i v f e f f ''j.); (?) Cauvet, Le (b) t l t t t f f f , W f W f , 'Zfsli, W . ft., 8 t . , ?b-ff I
il. ft. i l t . f ? C t ? t f ?
Djebel Amour (Bull, de la Soc. de geog. d'Alger,
ifeoff ' ^ . ) ; ( o ) L. Golvin, Les Tapis algeriens, ^srr^ ( J j - . i ) 8 f t l ^ f?C?? w t ; ( i ) f ? wwitwwt
Algiers i f e f f o % ; ( 8 ) J. Despois, Pasteurs et R t f f f ? f w t - f f % t Cffet ? f ? T t t f ? f f ^ f c ? W f t t t H
villageois du Djebel Amour. wte?? i ? w t t ttwet t?i?'*i?tH I fftft f t f t ? ct'twR? te
G. Yver [J. Despois] (E.1.2)/ftTf?f? f R i l t CWRt? t t f t t ('WW?R t ) - i l ? WRft? f i t I ( W f t T I
^N^FT^ S (s. wtftftTt) fff|[W= Hypothetical) ffftt t t f f Amardha-il?

Wfftf W t I t f ? f j W t f f t f ? ( w t f f - t wl?tftW?, C??H i f e 8 i
^sfT^w-^H ( j ^ I û) s wffi r f ? tit? cwt-fSR?, '^., "b? f .)-ii? te W f R ? ftfet tlct? w t w f t?tfe?? ftjt
f t - T f f ) 1 twwet? t t f t i f f f f f - f ? t R WftfRffW? WfCt? Wtff? f ? R - i t ? f t W f W 1 f f f ? T t f W ? f f t ^
t t W t t t ^ ftf5 f ? t % w ^ C t (ff?o-ff ?ff f ) twtt? Wtftftf?!? ( f t T f M - f f ? , ifffe) tc i t f?C?? f f w f w Wfft? wi?fW?;
i i f f S t f f f e t e f f t f t T f I tf^we?? 'fsttet? f f w wtft? f f s f i t s f f f t t t f W a i I w w f W t e t f w t ' t f s f R t f W ? ) - R ?
f'-f>3Wt (ffft t l c t ? W f f , ^ t e f t t f f ) w s T t m f f t f t f l c t t W f t CSfW f f Nestorian f f f C f ? f f f t ? f W ilWW? f f t t w
tffw w t f f f t f t t ? wwt wwrf ( W t f t e t ? iiw W f c t r , T? (ZDMG, xliii, 4 0 7 ) l f ? ? t t ft??TW f e f f C t f W ?
t f f f t WWff, f f . Cf. f t i l , -b?) ttfttctwtwtf? cf?tfft?ft|ct? I tftrffe ^^tfe? I f t t f t W t e t W f t fffrt ftrg >s ?T?w? cfcg
ttttle?? T f f w t t f f w??tT (5.) t t w t t f t t f w ? ( f t f t f f t t T? I ffir i ^ ^ r f f f ww-wr?tf ft'trt w t t t f t
f W t R W e t ) i l f t t f T , tfwf f f f t fc? I 'fs tefa ft 'w??et? Wf-Ttf]?Ww-wi?tf i t f?c? w?]f?tfe?? I i i f w ? c?ttf
tetfcttf W f S fftw? ii?i tw? fftst W'W? (ctt'ttet wtet? f f f f ? f r ? ^f^-'WWt (io8,ioff) f e f W f t c f ilftt ? f
R f R iiww? cWfw? f f f t W R ^tc T ^ fiWR? tew?^?Re?? f ? ? wttttfwTct? t r s t t t f ?tRW t e g t f e ? t i t T ^'tt f i t 'l?
f f t t t Rte? Rte? ^ ) t f i w f t fftw? f?sfef c t ' w ? t Rf^ iJtl w t w f "Sâtfet? WRft? I w t t i t f?C? C?f ^
cftwR?ef i l t ffwi? wftiw t f t t w ffte fteff ct? i i i t tf?t f f t t e f i t i l t l W c f ffef? iiwwsffe fft? siwe?? f p
f f e f e f trct? W R C f f f e f ? f ^ T? i W R fftiw cfteai? m ftft tif? ^ I t f ? ? 1 f I t RSW f C ? t C?, W f R W f f t
?jfw tfwi? tRnf f f t w f w ? ? f e ? 1 wtttw i l t Riwet f t t W f W fT5? I
t t w f tfScftt
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8b-8
8^<b/io^d-^b men mm f n w T n m f i p T n fat n p r ' ^ * wtsFnn * -Slfcss w R m n ntan n^ntn fnfwg f e a ntntntn -at
-sfto n w f n w i n #3n ^^wf wrign t s n f f f ^ w . ^ n % tAenn Sean ennt ntn i w t f n mnft (i nt--a w t f n menn nw)
Thomas Herbert -at t A ? w n ^fnnt tflW ' ^ f < nsnw 'ntnn-t'n nft ntf^, f f ? W 5 Sstn f ^ mmn nft
wfntnart^' nfnnt S e a t w n m% nnj nênn, "tste t n Pliny vi, 47) i m'fs nenn, i nt wifn tAcnn mn Ate
f n f t n t e f fnf^w n e s - -atstn R n n s s f A " sftsie^ (A tmess j5t^ n w , w m e w c w nnn mcnn nft 'i^sm^ t ^
Relation of a Journey begun in 16 lO; London f ^ w t A f i cnnn n"ni cnnn m n t f ' f , mmt. de Goeje,
1632 t-, 106-7) Wtfn w i w n ffnnsem * nniin "ssnatt^ 410 ind 420) w?ft,nt5i--an fnfBn^fwtfn (wtffnss Kerki,)
s n I -at n w *?.nffnt ncg-a t m -ann-a Seanemnr t A S i ntm wtfenn iAft m t n n1%n-fcn wnf^ wnm w t f n w r | m
wtffnns w t f n m f f n 'tAenn mm fnfne^ w n f ^ ntmew fnn w f t t W f e n n (Oxus) -Stns-ST w t f n wnm nnt A S w t f n
*?ntnein ffsnfn^w A S I w t t - t t w w w<tt n f i t n s ^ w t f n i t f f f e n n s j f n Atew -at
eftm t e ^ nn -a Smenn ntn ttfnn mnnA w t f n tAsess tAesn w - a - a ^ ntn w t t t wtfnt (Amuya) [% fsetnw
unew ^ nw cnntn i t A s f t AtsAin n f n f m i f n ^ t m n w i n - n i n t ^ , 8 i o ; m * ^ , i t . , -s-bft] wnm w t f ( m * ^ , i t . ,
t A S w # n n R w iA ffnRfnf*ft f=iin cmjn mstem n t f ^ i Ho), ctent^ mnft nsnw wtfenn - a ^ ^m ntfnta i t m t t e w
n # a m n mnenn i t n n t f ^ wm niAfmmenn nft w ^ (Oxus)--an n s T f f n mn w t f ntsm (wtfn n f ) AtsicA i w - a
m s e ^ niAiem t m f ^ i fen ntnin ( s i s ^ s t ) -a ff%en Calus sfffnntn s n cn, nsnw wtfnt w t f ste S\|w, t m Oxus--as
* Rasht--an nftw t m n msns emnemt nftmeA i is8i f . wtfn ntn, wtgfn^ mn mns^ (Cardjuy) wftt mfn cgi^mm mm
wtfenn eniss ntmt f l n is.i-b-b ( f f f ntnenn fsfwf cnffcn entn^ Oxiis n f mmmcsn R s s t s i f n ^ f < men sm nenn (ford)
nttjtn wtnwnr m t , .fnnm?i n^ ems^ nnn -a n w Stgen t A n stfw t f f w I nw'men nf%n fness ntn (Marw) -a
wjtn^mnm mAte?'#immn) i Krarsnovodsk'-as nft S ^ - f n fness ^m\, ntntnWf -a
ar^fff s ( i ) m * ^ , it., '5JV;.(A) Le Strange; 370; ( o ) w?nnc=fin nft 5in^--an csn cmmemn sftmcA i csn'tcts w m
Sir W. Ouseley, Travels in various countries of tsesn S ^ - * ^ fne^ Oxus n f n Sfs-ansft-fn c n j wtcA 1
the East, London 1819, 296-316; ( 8 ) B. D o m , a r 5 f # 8 (i) m*^, i t . ,toS,Ho, -a-bft; (A) Le Strange,
Auszuge aus muhammed. Schriftstellern 403 f, 434; (-s) tVIarquart, Eransahr n, d, Geogr, d.
betreffend die Gesch und Geogr. der sudl. Pseudu IVIoses-Xorenao'i. Berlin 1901, 136, 311;
Kustenlander des kaspischen Meeres, St. (8) cnn^, Untersuchungen zur Gesch, von
Petersburg 1958, 382; (ft) F. Spiegel, Eranische Eran, Leipzig 1895, ii, 57 i
Altertumskunde, Leipzig 1871, i, 70; (-b) E. IVI. Strec (E. l.2)/-a. -atb. -ara. s f f ^
Reclus, Nouv. geogr. univ., ix, 235,237; (H) -oiff CHS nnn t t e t m s ^ t A s nwmn mn ntnn nsRntcA
Pauly-Wissowa, s.w. Amardoi and Amarusa; ( b r ) nRst Wffnw A S I S)o-a/i8 HH-\r ntenn n t m n f nnm smcsf ntfs
H. L. Rabino, Mazandaran and Astarabad, (ntfnmm, ed. Beveridge, f. 58) ms^^cw (gardju
London 1928, 33-40, guzari) -at n f wfwspcns nsm Scan sscsn i sio/ifto8 men
L. Lockhart (E.1.2)/ia.-at5.-annfw fwfn msif f < Snenssenn fnnst nn<n nsfnew mm An (in fATJiin
(^) -ss.ft S ^ w n n t t * to-s8i fen w n f ^ t s n , Qxus niRA" t t n m f mntAdvieiioranski), 197; m s ^ n n n w i f
(wtfmnm)-n ntn ffen .^ffnesnfwn m t n fen tAtn wn^tn i in Bana'i's Persian Shaybani-nama, quoted by
( w t n f ) nmfen w t f n f A t stent t f i f i e n n w^'f t i n i nwmen Samoilovic, Zap. Vost. Otd, Arkh. Obshc. xix.
t m m n ^ (Cardju) m (Cardjuy) nten cntfwent 1732 nnnwtfn m n w t ) i n s i f c n cnnn f l n , S n e n w f n
tSfnnenn ^ f e m w f e n n ws'fio i nfn-a t W b f f n f n n ^ m m wtfnfwTWn-a w t f msntn W W M 's^'^f f < mmftesn fn f l n
enftw, f f ? -awten t m nn^ffnn <Mepni (Caravan) ntf^tew bis-stte-o I -at ScBFct n f n -atnten cnfnn sff mm s t ^ i cmn
w m ^ f < t A S f l n r w n tAtn w n ^ t''l*ilC'^< nft c w nnn nw cnntntfAfs mmmenn wm cnf-cmg fmfin nsm
Transoxiana -a f - a m (Khiwa)--an ntemn m s e w n t f n stw 1 SntAsn^sif, -awtn iift-s/i'iso men mfnn ttcAs
"ên I n t m f t n m f n A V V<>oo men wtfenn fnnnt 'wt^ n n < f cnmntfsfs wm ssm s t s t f i n i ntm nwfs wtm 'stn, -at
f A t m n t n n n t f n -a wtmn cnrnnlfsfcss -m^xt ^^cnn i cmîfnenn wtnen bi<)-%t cn m^ ws t ^ t i n , -fJ'nnR ntwf^sn m
t n m f ffêsnn
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8hrff
ttf'itwttj i f < i i t ' t t w TOT fftm?? ?i%?n cror^ f t a t r i g f ^nw^ît ( ^ _ ^ j - o i ) 8 t?5ftft wattwj? C f f t ? ffttt??
w t (f. Bumes, Travels, 111, 7ff. [itxvs? ^Î. RT?T "*tTl1t f f f e t 1 i?#w-ir? f t f ftift fTwwt? w t f t - f W ? - i i ?
tffHt W T ] ; J. Wolff, Narrative of a Mission to t f t f e ftwtttt?? Wffttf'ft fftt? il?l C?t5ftt f f t t t ? t f ?
Bukhara, 1844, 162ff. W W wftfWs? IfekTOtJ f t t t f t t ? t t f t ?bW ffft? I t l t w t f ?ftt Cttt, fft
[Mushketow, Turkestan, St. Petersburg 1886, W t f t - f W t t ? tft?? ttfe t W f ^ ?s?tftf? t ? wffft f i t ?
606ff. {visit of 1878)] i ib-b-S % W f t - m f r o W T f t fftt? I w f f f f fwft ?ltft? <s t t t t i l t f f f ? t t t j W f f f e
f W R ? ftf5 W5ifsi4r ftk Wtr WI IfW5? w t w?cro fcn t w t f t ? t f t f ttfft? ii?i tw? fifft??f f f f f ? ^ ftfc? I
C f T f s t ftfw WI, W W ib-b->b f W f W?W t w ftf T I I - f C t c t t t f f w (Beylikdji)-? t tft ft>aWwlftfttf t f t f t TOt
TO^-m Wf ff% TO I i l t f T ? f T O I ? i J f S R c t t trt fftwflctt I i l t f t t t ? TO t i t t f f f R 'WTO' ( j j I) ^tc
ffw? m i f t u t t ? f:? ttr? cw?w?,tjT % t ? i(t,ooo i tlttffe; 'WWt' w f 'Wt', 'tfi' I t t f f f W Wtftif
fm? w ? ^ ttc^ io wt^ f;? W f w?w <:?R C % W ? T ? f f e t f f C R ? f t r o â ffWCtC? WW ? l t f T - f W ? C f ct? w f ?
ttr:?, f t T T O w f f t w wttrft ? ^ T ? W T : ? ? ftft wffW C W T flt^ fwt?? t f t fWtt WTWt f W t ? j t T s t f e I C t w t w
c f t w t ? i l f f t f? "t?? t f t w tft?rt? trwt iitsw? f t ilt t f t tft fftt? f w t f ' w i t t t f ' t w t t i l t l i l t
CTWtitw? t f ? ftf I ifeis f . t r o c w f t i t j T ftt 8 istc ff t f w f t 'Jft? tjiftt? tiftt tf?w?f c? f f t f t t wtt ^
TW? I bi<(<s^t ^5tc ftr?r wttt=i? t t t j c?t c?itTt?Tt ftftw TTtf 'Wtttf' t w ^ I W t t t f flffft ( W t t f ? tfb?) ^
f t t r o W W ifeoi ^. W f W f T O t-t? i l f t t c t f t f f r t t w T I I WTttf W t t f ( W t t f ffwt), i l t fR'sft^ fbtf f i t 1 i l t
f t ro^ i l f f t s?5ff f ifrtt?f c f 5 ii?i ife?8 % -^t f t t t t s t f f ? t<3tf fTf? f ? f i t T I I 1?#Wt? f ?
i l f f t t f ? r t f 3 ?tW ftfltWC? I ife^-b % t r o CWf tltJT ft% W t t f f f t t ? 5 f f f f f ; TO il?l WTttf-t f T O - t ^tlft
f i t t t io,fefffe T I I tTt?? tttr W\ b-o-bfe w t bSb w ? wtt-s f f t f w T I I t r o WW f i t ttrott? f f f S w w i t j t l f t t ?
wttftro, ffîff w ? t t t t f W3r 8b-ff w t f f c t ? i ifeoo f f t t f f f ftwt f f f C f f f e tfWff? Wftfff ?ft f W I
CWf tltJT T I ff8,ffoo, t f f f f t t t t t t f f r t tit f f t i t n t f w r o - t WtWtt w t i t f f f t t t ? fwttro f ? t r t f wtftt??
t t I ifeffff f t r t i t f f c t f t w ? ctttwtt fwtta? tfett W f R t t ? w fftt I c t t t f t tftt? c t r o iit ft?w?f
i l t l ftsffit roi (ifeoo fstro f c f ) t t i t f t f t s t t f t w r t t ? f i t ? fffc ^ W, c t t CW3t f r o w f t f f i t ilt'Sft?
? t w t r % ' i f t t f r o f w ? t l t I ifeofe w t t ? ?i t t ^ ^tc t l t W t t t w , W t t f i f W f t t f T O ^ t?ftt?? tf?J5 Gf?t tW
f s ? w a i t 't??tt i i f t w t t fftffe oblast c w r o f T O fT3 i l t l W f ? f f t f RtWftt? Cftbt? w t f w w f ? W t R f ?
ftttt? f t r I tw ilfft Wffff fTt; t t t WttWf^ f W I W t t f f t f b f t t t ? W?f ftfc? I t t f e c t ?
c?fm
(rectilinear) t f T O tf%t tfffe il??, wfftTC C W f t l t T I w f f f f i t t f f t f t c t ? fiff???f ti?wt f w I w t t t f
^,00,000-^^ f l f t t c t , c t t W c t f5?1t fftftit I iltttC?t^1f?l t t f t t ? ? t t f t ^ f W f f f t f f i b ?jfw? w w w t t l c t ? ; WWsItt?
t f f W t f l w t ? 1 tw i l f t t f f f f c W f l t W f C f g I c t t w w w ffwtf? f t r o i l t ffwtft w t t f C f f s f f f=f f i t I
(Krasnovodsk-Tashkent Cardjuy-Kungrat c t t ffet? Rlftttt?? CTOTO f ? 'WtCtf-t f T O - t ?Wf?'

W t ? ) t f f (the Cardjuy-Khiwa Cttt? t f f ) t f , W T wtft? fft?tf f b t t t ? ftftt' ^ 'cttwrf f f w f s f t t f e ?? 1 t T
W f t I ? ? T Termez (Tirmidh) ^tt W?tt W t ? f f w W W l i i f t f f f f ? wft? f i t , ftf f ? ? f t t t t (ifei? f ) ft??
f? w ? ^ f T a f w ? ff w t t f t ? TOtf far? W t f t t f??T? e l f ?? (a. 1. A.-t, M. Tayyib
(?wfr? w t Kaganovlcesk) i l f f t ^ J i t f f f ? ? f t W t t Gokbilgin-il? f t ^ ) i
i l t t v a wfft (&tT rot fftw W t ? I ifeoi f t r o W t t l t J t fit
M. Tayyib Gokbilgin (E.1.2)/f1?W CttR
wa ? o 8 ? I tror s t t t t Salor t f w r t w f W f f t t ? t t c ? f I ÎtWT?^!^^ ( ^ , ^ ^ 1 ) 8 W W t t t t T c S f (Ameno-

ifeofe W C t ? ?i ? C ^ f t f f t t f t W t t ? ? f t t t s t t TOff phis or Amenhotep) f l f ? fftc?? ib-f ?1w?ltf? f f f n
fttw (oblast>? Ctf5 W W ? o>booo t f t i t t I W ? l t wwt? TO I t r t t ? t f t f t f f ? ' W ? I i t W t t t t l t f t wtf. iffff 1
tttwt? ?TT W f W ? W ^tc f t t t f t t?5fft f f S . f t f , i l t f f . , f ? f f w itwitsiffR-if?t^?rffftf i f f f f t t t t t t f e t ?
csfTO c f g I t T i l f t t t f ^ f f t ijww (c?ft TO, t t r t ? fit?, w t f f i w f f w fttwr? t. f w ffrotfftfw wt3Ftt ft?? I
f W TO, w?? ro, f i ? t f t c t t f w t ? ) I ?? W C t t t l f f t tfw O ? fftttit?? f? ftlTt? WW (i88b- f f )

A Bennigsen (E. I.^)/ i|. i ^ . iit. ?tff . ft?? il?l ii-b ?1tt ? t W ^ fftw ?lWt W ^ WtfTH W t t ? I O ?
t t w f ffscfit
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Contents
Sbrto
wnviHtAictf 9m 8< stitCTtwn (Wf. isii f. %) m^nw I S'lsc^'t I WtAtm WtAts fn**infA '4|fCill^lT <t>tse-a't lirst îAtes>
wiAin nrsr^Wi n f f e c'tlnnnn f f
* a)w<p|?jt tT%n Rsn InsT ssfsew mfscn i
wRsiRvs An I "itm fai t ^ n t w n Swtfnnnft ftntm Pfwm st^f ^ 8 ( i ) DuvejTler, Les Touareg du Nord.
Paris ibrtoS, f., o5l; (A) Benhazera. Six mois
sf^f^ 8 ( i ) w H - f f f e , l<m wt.fn, (ffn-wmtn chezles Touareg du Ahaggar, Algiers i5obr f., }.
-snm-'Sfn, f. ^H); ( A ) nttnt ff^trnn, it., iJb-1 ioH; ( o ) E. F. Gautier. La conquete d u Sahara,
ÎC>(HIC<,l5 (ci^lj n - , j J ) 8 Amenemhet) srtffn Paris iSs-io f., f. i ! i ; ( 8 ) Sellgman, Les races de 1'
fnnffn iAt ntwnttnfs ntwtnn i wtAint tfÂicn wtAtmn Sntfn- Afrique, Paris i&oft f., % iAb-; (ft) F. Nicolas.
ffnw^nmnT ntntnt ffnfSw i i^ wicuwncAiJ, f. is>io f. %, - Notes sur la societe et I'etat. des Touareg du
fnsAtnn nnn ^^fnnr ttnn-n]n?t c<îi\v^ -sflweti^cî^ wfnmn nn Dinnik, IFAN, i t . ,ftbto;(to) H. Lhote, Les
w n I on wiawncAS, f. iboi f. f., on fvinnllacns fat * Touaregs du hoggar, Paris iS>88 % f . ift8-to; ( l ) G.
S-gmfn^ I fwfn mfn cms rnrn^ mamnn w n i wtmn nncn Surdon, Institutions et coutumes berbers du
Maghreb-^, Tangier-Fez i&ob f., ">[. 8b5-JA; (b) Ch.
% T ncin mfnn S w t nfnmfss m (Niiometer) ^^tf^ An "ant
ifitSn mtscnn n^ nAa flww wfn Snrtn w r An i 8 < de Foucauld, Dlctionnaire touareg-francais,
wcncnncAS, f. i s & A f. f.; tAtn winin -at ntwntrtn t f ^ ^ Paris i5ftA f., 'J. iAio-8 i
Ch. Pellat (E.L^j/mnm cnnn
mn I WTAtn ncn cncntmnsjgn ntf nflm fntAtnm Sfcntn nsenn
*4||Clf*i>i i'sf (Amasis) % f. w t f . iftfti f. f., fnnesn
liint WTAtn ncsft ntetn ntwcp wnnrn An i mtcmsmcAS m
ntwt I fmnen i b t ntwntetn sffwirwt i fwfn f t w n f ntnns
fmn#n ntnns ffnwn (Pharaoh) ntetn mmen mcsij tt%
wtat^jefîfciine^ fnmfw ^ w n i
nwtn mess -fint w^m f^-mfAsj, ^-ffsatenn (?m smtn mw
mtmfmsemn, in., A O O
net CWSR wn nsnn* A S mt i
^|iHH ( o L ^ ) sAtf^stwiw^(jjjjVi)->anniwmf I
sf^f^f 8 ( i ) wn-fffwn, tnniw wt.fn., (ffn-wmn cntnmttit (i!ft) wffntR^ i,ov,oo8 w n -ant f f ? wmnin
mn-'Sfn, j. o^); (A) mtmfn^nstn, in., iJsib-1 wnntnit, stmnw oo,ooo-iits nw iffntf Sm^ i
ÎWH<4'I*1 (AMenokal) 8 n t ^ t^ wenfmn-'an sfftnfwAtfn^ f c f s f^m Atc^t xtnft w f n ^ fln i fe'R
nwmn ntmn; tms wf 'wn nstms* wfcn ncA -ann mwSnfw^ mAl^ (5.15 11 j ^ ) fngmTiteA -assft sftfm nnfn m mm
cnwt r tm fsenf tmss, S^fn^ tSem-fn cmm mt. nsennsfS wt-anTCW Rabbath Ammon R a b b a of Ammon'
mt ffnmens f ^ nnnjcnn csmn stentwj i ntAtstn wmsft >minn-cnenn mnm men S A S T SSfffStw ^ s t c A 1 ftAtevsnftnenct
w ^ 'Wenentssm' Smfsft C5)t cît Sfwtfwn stntnenness cymn wnf|w nscn^ w n m\ nsnw f % f n bn m s>n t w r f s cntA
An, Rs? wmnmcs (s. wmtmn) tm ntnn^ mt C2tf m mfn f c f n n f n softenn nmtm tRtntsetn n r i f w nwmen -ii^ ertfn
cftarofnn wfsrtfess enem An i wenfsnn tmfninm nst nnfn wtn Rs^ w n f ^ n f t i f%fn i i t t w t ^ Answ
(mtwn nm '3^c fmstfew ^w * wtms iwh<ii wfcmncns wm (W)->fin f w m n f t w wtaFnenn f n nn%'>.srmfnns f c f n
mfwtwnc!ln mfn ematnfc^ stmm?fn fnss5 mf^ nsm I tnsirf nn (wtf. iooof. f.) nnf ff tm w t m f t n Stn fnn^n
ntwwtfs^ ttnn nm^ Atew S^gw Rmntfnten ffwfwwten stfw^ nsfnew n j < An i wt^Fnenn n n n ftfS w t ^ Sfsm
siwt'tf^ S^sntfsnstn ffmif wle>lc^^lslcns cwjt mwt, wtAtn (Uriah the Hittite)- m n t m ntnftw An "flSt ^t'tfi5s nftw
fgwtw cwjt stwt wnm WtAtn cwi^ w f n cwit fcam Sfn wfAtn nm f ^ i o n t w r f t ff i^fwAjfwwten f^ f l n
w f ^ ^ ; fss? -i]^ fnsn nnnt ssc^tnmen ftnn nsm mi (wn-mss-fn^, f. i i f t ) i'fiisnrn (W) -m wmen 'wtmn Smn
mmmmn f ^ ^ ^ f wtcnemsstcnn 5S5ft ann ntfssw (g. c h . de '^fnwt ffRnt fin i ^^f^ i n * v n t w T % w tAt cffetn wmtm
Foucauld, Diet, iv, 192i2-5 f.) >tnt fwfn w f n StWtfw wtetn mtn witfnRntn mn ntcwj fRtw A S , ff^nitRnfn f c f
cmaisfn ^cw ntwf m nsfnewn I WtAtn stmn ^fnnn f^ f^n?im '#tn -mfnwt nwtn ntftew n ^ A S I tenft ffme-snnsm
ftnten; ff? ttf^^ nncs fwfn wnmn wttn stenm nsfnewn, f ^ (AVft-AA'^f. f .) nnn t ^ wn nsesn wtn fwfn tAts ntn ntenn
nsRewn -ant stiwemf eftawfnn nfA nmefs nrtftes ffmesnffm -fint <at ment tm enmm * ntnmîtn wtnen
ntfrn^ Rewn i fwfn nnnt Seanemnj njfwcfn ntAtm mw tfnfSw fln 1 attn ^ f p f îv mi?i cnlnSfn nrm wtn ^Hft'omn
tnmf ffflcsstn
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Contents
8b-H
(Antiochus III) tft ntn w n I f S f n sttn twt%w t^îtn wretj sMt wnstwcnn w t fn-^ w r ssf^; w t
w m n R w n f n n ^ n (League of the Decapolis) cntt nnn ^tcw c w ^fwmfn^ m gtffwss Rtnenn nsm cmm*
of5i mt HKi-olstt nnftft ff? w n n wnr ntn nn, ff^ Seat w t AS mt I tsm tn ^tew cntstt 'wtmenn nrtttcs
Wntfn^ f S f n oo nrcn n^fs ftcntn (Herod) wtwncss fnmm tmn ^Rm wtfnnte^ mx i&t t w t f n sttnwtet ntn
RrwtRw w n I wiAtn fnfs ^tc cnrnmnt tm w f n w n^cn i , sttn tt^mwj t n t ^ t t wifm n f n fsfness stent ^fsew wtss
cnrnm aficnf%^ tfn^?mtn nm w^men wtm nfeprmr, nf%, w n , wtn tm wfw ^ atm m # 5 w f f i t tin m i
nt-fnnmnwn (Forum), tff-nf%n (Nymphaeum) * iAs>ft/ibib men '^ft ^ t ^ cntttcn ntfrfens m^ nens
wcmfww stnm msss fnntt w r i n w f f f w ff? nnfw t f ^ cmen, ff^Sm tsn# w * wen^ n w nm, cssnn
ff^ -atn* nfnm wrcAi nmnr^tn wmen 'wmtm fnnr wnsit ntft-nest %tts^ tte^ i
(Busra)-n w f n tltcnRnt tmftnf (Palestlna Tertia)-n ibbi men cnws w m (IVIajor Conder) * WtAtn nn tAS
wnrwn ffnt -anmn ffntcsnffnt * cm5m fntctn nnn n'Fsn * Ssm m^mt^ lantw nnsttn fnnntft w f n w m n btw i
fln I -at Sttfn >atn* fr^ ^tfnns ffnt nmt nsfnm ttcw w t n n ' f t s p f w s fnntsnA m^ nnfwcns s^mtsetn, nsnw
(sftttn tffmenn ffnn fnnnctn wm g. Pauly-wissowa, wm- mînf ntsm ^m Seat nsRntflcnn, fnnmm fln i iS)o<i
Philadelphia fnn^ i f. mtmn (Butler) ntn w * f'f mmn w f t w r mmn wtn*
nfnrn ntfncnn w n f ^ fcfn tnn ^tcw srimmn AS, Sm fnnmm fln, ff? stsm srtfnfte^ entrnn ff ?m nmnt^ttn
i8/too(j- men mfntew twenn stm wnmftw test "wtnn wtnenn nfnm nen w n i ^ ^tn Sm =m ststcA wtm
cnmtfw mfn tsn wtf fssnm (m) ntn Sm w f t w nsinntflcnn nf^sswtes fnsittwt-nmm, wes nsnw sttn R S f c ^ t s t s t i
wtn* Sm nff%m^ fln i .tnnnsten ntn fc'f Smmt fctn io8o/iS)Ai men 'wrmjarA tsfn-A'ntsn (g.) tme^
cnnnmf w ^ f n ntftn cfe* m*m nm i - f i t s f n n ff? vjmwwtcm mwntf wn iis wtn^^cw tmstiwfnswSffwm
sij?wt^ ensv^ nftstcA; W t -atn t f s c^nn Smmt t f iMc^ts ^pfnew tte^ i flffn fff^ bnrmen * Sms wnmRw ten tms
mmnnf^ tnn w t AtstcA mi wtmcn mmnt cnt^ ffwten nff% ^nen efteA mt ^ f c ^ wnnm tte n t f s wtnwn
nnnm nsfnw Smn sfttfnns stmt -atsfnt wmtenn fnfs ^fnm w t e ^ fto% ff% titsicA 1 tm nw'men ntewm ntwmf,
sen I ntn fc'f ttmntf ff ?m Sntnrt wmenn -iinsft n'ftffwn stttnfnss cssg wnin n f n Swn % n wnfiw; ntwsfmm, ttnfen^
wttinssrsnttstcAi wnn * n w nattncnn nns ns^wnrnjA -atten wnf^ i Rtw
mfnt^ stew "^mm m^-f^mtw AHI^CSS ssen wntens wrA/s>o nten fnf^tew f?tm 'wtmne^ mfntew w#en wc^ fnm^ f n # n i ^ f^tntcA I
mnmfn tAS ninm Seat w n i wm-nt^^lnf tAts w b-o sf^tift 8 (i) ntmf-f, f. iAto (A) Brunow *
n w ten (oift/s>bft) wtAm atc^ wtmfn ntfn f f ^ fnnnt Domaszewski, Provlncia Arabia, At., Aito; ( o ) J.
smm w n (f. iift; m'nsw s ^ , ot., HÔ) I S. Buckingham, Travels among Arab Tribes, f.
mm-mns'fnf tAsitess fffn#n wtsenn w ^ w n -ans.. tob-s.; (8) H. C. Butler, Pubhcations of the
ntnnstcwnmrnmn w n nRtm Seat nsenn (f. ift*; w*"^. f. P r i n c e t o w n U n i v e r s i t y Archaecologtcal
ibo, ib8) I Expedition to Syria, Div. II, Sec. A, Pt. I, % 8 t.;
m ' ^ (ot., <iio)toAA/iAAftmen tmcss mffm^n m ngfe (ft) IVIajor Conder, Survey of Eastern Palestine,
ctoPtsin (Decius)-'fin n t f ninm Seat nsenn -anifw (wt) * f. iS) t.; (to) <^ cnt^, Heth and IVIob, f. iftA; .("H)
wtsm ssmtens ^mftf 'wrmens nftw w n i fwfn wtn* Laborde, Voyage de le Syrie, i b O H f., % isis t., nsmss
tme^ fffnitens wmwn mj^ tAS * n m w nnn nwsntet bA; (b) G. Le Strange, Palestine under the
wfwftw ssenn i ff^fnnttft (f. Aio) wtfntinns ^sViôo men' tVIoslems; (s>) Letters of Lord Lindsay, At., i b o s f.,
wrsm ate^ tme^ sstsr^ stew w ^ w n mt tmn c^nn {. iob t.; (io) A. S. tVIarmardji, fnntfnntw
!?mnetn fnnmm nftntcA ninm Seat nsenn i wtfn-ffm' (f. ffmmitfnn-'wrstRm, iS.8b %; ( i i ) S. tVIerrlll, East of
A8i) tAm mat A o n w tenwtAmate^ nenn, "tmwwj snfn Jordan, ibbi %, f. OS.S. t.; (iA) Puchstein, in
tsn ifm?. tnnm wrtnemt fest tm =n^t tfntw A S I " Jahrbuch des Kaiserlich Deutschen
t n m f ffêmn
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Contents
8Vb- WW?,
Archaologischem, Instltuts, 1902 % % iob-; (io) w f f f , iff W f e t i t ? , ifefffe; iiw^rfw f5;1Wt. ' w f f
Sailer Bagatti, Town of Nebo, f. ??(?; ( i 8 ) J. f f t a f t t w<3? t t w 'WTT') I . f f t r i F l t S - m ftetef f ?
Strzygowskl, In J a h r b u c h der Koniglich w w t rotew? WW f f ?Mf fe?? ( i ) W f t t r ? (?)
Preuszischen Kunstsammluhgen, 1904f.; (iff) tf?w-t '2^ I
W. M. Thomson, The Land and the Book, of.; (ib) 'Wf 'WT?' W f e f ' c t t f f t e w t ftfftie??, f f ?
H.B. Tristram, Land of Israel, f . ffoff; ( i l ) M. van i?iff/ibroo w t t w f rot? m i i ? i i / i v o ? w c t c f t
Berchem, Journal des Savants, 1903 %, % SHb; WfT I W f oWT? Wfff t i t WTTOft r ? t w f ^ t t ttw f?t
(iV) Annals of the Department of Antiquities of w? I W f <3 WW? ft8teRe? t f wftcw]? i i f f t f w w t f f ?
Jordan, if., ^. i f . ; (ife) Bolletina de Arte, f w m w f t f I t r ? t i t t W C f ftfw? f f w ?ft?TC? I fIT? tcw f ?
ifeo8; ( ? o ) Quarterly of the Department of wwet? t w f f w ? f WT? W ? f f - m W5?ft m i t r ? f t
Antiquities of Palestina, if., i i , i ? , i8f.; ( ? i ) ?effef w f ? t t ? i , ftft f ? f?fft ftwift-f? f t W l f t - W o f t t t ?
f m w f ? wt?-I?Ri4f, 'wM? ^ 'wiTiH, frac?! ife?ff % i (?) f t t w t f t ? w t f t f f f T % ? WW f w e f ilt f t f t f
G. Lankester Harding (E.l.^)/f. WRifl f1?R wt?TftwR I w t T T f f w ? f t f f t f i t ?'=ftifte^ f t t e t ? fff%e
>l) 8 f ? W M ? W W f f t f f e , tsfttlf fwjttjTt fftwe?? m i i l t ftwew t f f w ?ttlc?H, w f t f l t
f o - f , W = f ^ f f # I f w ? f?f?^f=f R3f5 W f W W f 'Wf? tt?[? ?ffe te? I t r ? f t fbffer Cf i i t ? f r o t T ?
W?w?tf W t f ? ro?? m i f f t r j S K ? WWCfW? ftwlftt Cftt t l t f t w ? W S f w? t t r
fftro 1 i t c?w?f?f?fwf?twwraf?W5ro??, w?w?-m Wf? fftt? f ? f?'Tftt 'WTt ^ w t t t i ? wt?"f? w f ^tc
TTOI? WT m i f f l f ? wf%WW <3 tglW ?jfww? te?! f f t l f f e WT I w t <3 WT? t ^ w f ? i t fc?? (f. f?'Tftt ' w f f rtt)
f a W W ? ffffc 'St?if?'i ro?? m i wft? f f w f t f t w wr i ctt? m i Wf w e t ? w<3 wt??-tfwtw i iit ?f?i? t t f e t w o w f
f s t fti? wf?rt? f W ? W?T ?T? W I l3|f-efgf f # wtt^t-Tir ' w t ' <3 ftwe?'? t i f f t w t i ^ t ? f f t f T ?
f f ? ftSlc^ w ? f R ?5W? I f f ? W W f i t fgfSTR? f w ? tfftritt? t t ? f f ftttc?*!, t r ? f t t i t w<3 wt??-t f ^ i t t i I
w?8fw? wwwro W f w f w t I ift wq? ?f5W3R=f ?= T I m i f t t i t f ? t ? fc?? w t ?1tw f f t f ? wtwct? f f w ctiwc?if
fCW f l T f I ilff^ls wet W?"Wf WT ro?? I w f b '?if <3 tiwe?? c t t t i f t ? f t t f t c f f f t w w ^tew

WoTWf=f f?{tW f??TiSf ?5?
f f i f f e ?ttift'=i, t T ? f i t f t f it?if i l f l t froaet? t e g t
f ? w f f ? f f t ? ?ie?? I ilt f f ? f w i t (rofff) ?^
wfe?? f W f w fteww^ ro? i f ? wwe?? ftffwffe twfeo f^ I f f ?t?t?-m t i f t f f t f ? i f f ? WTWC?? f t t i t w
wT??-t piW WT w ? f f f t w t etT? w ? f f ê w t w ^ti??
WesiW T I I i l t f W e t ? t f ? wfwsftw ?jfwf t f t f ê fW??
f t t W f t t t f f t w e w " (Duncan Forbes f W f tlTie??
?5E??' If? WW? t f ? w ? ctf wTTf ? 5 E ? ? m i ffsitcti w t f
f 8 f - f t c w t fftw 'wfWftt (fftw) t f f w ?? I ft? ?&f t i f t c t ? sti?ftf 'jteo i t f???tft ?ft?te? ( t w ? ib-ô) I t T ?
?t? WW? w?ft? ro??, f f f f r a wew w ^ i f t t w i rot
cfet ftffe we?, 'bff t i ? f@w ^ r
t f w f t c w ? t f f C f W w t f f ? W f l f i t W f <3 ttT? ib-oo
fwft f - f g - f w t Wlf?t f f f f t ? twe? fftfiwt? t f f w T T I
w<3'6?T? ftw<3?t? f r e f f ? W W f ? f^TWt ttfwt ftct? t i t "êw W W f f w ?^ ti??et f f i f f e ?t?iic? i wftcti wgiw
(iv??), t t t t ^ (ibf8), ffif ( w w f w t ? ^ w f t c t ? ' ^ t i t ? ,
'j^Plwf ftf^ fc?? I fwft 1 ^ ?t? i t wf?f w t t ?se?t, f f f
ib-gS), tC#t (iV88) <3 f t f W t t t w ^tCW f@W (ibrS l ) -ffsft
w?efc?t?ftt ctw f t t I ilt t t ? ffttfiwt? cff^ t t f t i w t
rotw f f f f e T I m i rotew? WW w t ctffct? t w t f T I I ftct? fftl^ I W f WTC?? Cfit C f H f f f t t c t i C f ? f t b j f f f t t
f ? WWf? ' W f ^-Wff fIctt ftftt c t f f ( f ? f t f ) f r ? t l f t t f f t w c ? ? , Wftctl W l ^ (Hallings de Rozario
( f f t W W iVO'b), E.B. Eastwick ( t ^ i V f f i ) Duncan
t W f W t f ? w w t C f T t t t f t i W t fCtew? f f t e t t f Dr. J.B.
Forbes ( t w ? i V 8 V ) - m t i f t t f t w f f w ? R t c t l f j i
Gilchrist (f .ib-8i)-m ft?^ t t ? ro?t m i rotesi? W f f
ff^TTl tret? tetl'G F o r b e s - m 1846 WCt? t i W t W f f f ffetc?
i l f f t ? ^ (Wf <3 ?tw?, t i { t w f , t e ^ ifeffv) f ? t ^ I
wwet? f f f w t i ? i i / i v o ? tftw t e f t f W tt?it? i f f f fftf? wttt? W t ' <3 f t T t ' - m wf?tt f f t f f e ?t?itc?, wtietj
ilt? t f f e WW W?, f f t 8 W?r, iVo'lj w t f w # f f e fIctt Garcin de Tassy-m t W f Wf?tt f f c f t t c f t c t l t t i t T
( f T T W t ' W f f f t ' f f f f f f wwft ?TtT?-il ftffe f t ^ . i v v 8 w e t f j i l f t ?tew f w f f w ^ w f ? t i w t wwe??
t t w f fffcfit
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Contents
8VJS. (?if) 'mm
îRfeR i w j * sifi^ffs AtsiCA (Rira^s Rnnem wn 5. Hindoustanie, An n t ^ n , tJtfnn, ii^Ho; (to) t^'^ntw-t
SsHbH, ftm^ R m ft ^ n t # nrnstm, ftV8-lrto) I ntsmtn m-wtf, win^pnn-t-wt#t-t ^ wt*nm ntn, mf^ntwj
fn wnn st^ 'ntnw-t t f ' fat ^mtnn -anttw is>o, 'J. 8A-88, 8v-vsi; (H) ntfsm WtAnm tm,
<>\9\^< nRs ' w t n w - t fA'Rf"n wmtfntn i Garcin de wrm^-mmfn, attn n t ^ n , ntwm'-t m f m f n - wtnms, fnft
Tassy wtfin nntcw Fallon ^îftfn-fn ntn RRntcsn, f n ib-8% wmtn 8, ivs; (V) n n f f n - f n * Fallon, wm"ffm-t
stein vst^n-tra Wfsmfij wfnnswn n t ^ , Ran-î* * ts'Sira-* i 'ntt 'wim-tSt ^ ^^sbr, f . Ato; (s.) mfnm fs.imn, wtnntn-t
ntmn'nMf nm iAi'i R f n wtmn ftnw-t t^-n nsnt n t ^ - t Si(, Ainnsfmn, mf^ntwj, iS)v5<l; (io) Gilchrist,
^ nscsn I -at a t # n t c f mmntmcnnm^ mess, tScnta* Hindi Manual, nsfmmm ib-oA; ( i i ) mm=^, f%m^ ftnn
mnwncns cmn st^tm^ tAi ntn m I f t S f n t i f ntnwtcn,. wtn^mn-t w m t ^ - t S f cam, w t f
wtsntn-t ntAs-t ^ s^Rm nttnm fAtmn wtntlfnTt is>*8, f. i8<i-i<?S); (iA) f s f A t m n "wtwt ?ntnn nm w i A f ,
sr^tmesn liissft #ef m#iRs Scan 1SSICAH ntm iAs>A R nten m* wtnn-t fnmm, m f n m fmn-A'tmn Atfif ni^tnw,
enters ntAfn stnsttntnn êw f R s Atsifla i winras nss^n ntwf*wt-t f t f ^ r f 'fJWBf, limiAtmn iMb-; (io) f A t ^
msmcnlnR^'^mRfsaf^mes ntnmntn i Rn^t^tess tnw^ w n f ^ fmftft, frmant% wt*n Snnn wiAn, m w f ' w t - t
5t^mes>s m^ m'^RR nssR wtcA mm iitoV^vsb- men wtn^prtn-t w t n r ^ - t S^^ (fA=t), ' w t ^ f s istoo'; (is) mfnm
tPw-iîs mwm-t wiAmfc fRo AtsiHn i f s wtmcnn tuffs n t A f n ntnstf, Sj^ft nisjf nitmt nn w n s f f fstm'wt (f*tifit5.
f n 1%f% *at "jtlts nesj m f * ntmess S^n wfnwn R # f n R.-n wem R f ^ ainsii ttwt R^Rmtnn); (i<?) f n wtmn, mn *
ntm fnftn n w n^sf * S^stfnnenn mntn nfSw limt nsntn ntmn, -ntt. ntnwtn ^mtnn, S f ^ , nsntf is><?b, f. A'l-Ab;
cn^ tw ntnn nen* mms mnts sftTs^m * R s t ^ t n csstn (ito) fAtmn w t f t ^ fn'^tft, f n wtmn f t w t f n - t ' s n t ^ ^
wtnwnj ne5 ntt i mnts cnt^ * msf nôi nriR ^mflfs fnsics* wfwtfm, A i m f ntntn, "wt^nw, ie wsscStsn, is><?s. i
nfnew A S , Si{mfAejn csnn wnfan, ar^ 'mn ntmn-^ ntinm * n r w 'wtsfn (m.m.t.)/'^!-. m. m. n i A f p sAmn ^>S3t
n n w ^ c men ntt i ( n f t ^ *^rrTO ( _ , L ^ J J ^ ) w n m n t f mff5,faiem%w
f n wtmn n t e f csnn csnn "^tcn litsin t f f m*m ntn, fwfn (nf%enn) 'ÂV^Â'I m n ^ c w b-oo/isoo m n n w niw^^s'if
mw nsR* flenn i f f ? wfn^st wtentm -fit n t c f ni< ntwntf I vst ntetn stfw#5t m f f o t f n 'wtms wttfcw mwt
fnn, "itnnR ''snmn-t f t f s n^ffm fnnt 'wtf fwn^* (fnfn f n ^*nim ntnntw flenn 1 fwR-WISS m n ntw^ ssfsm tf%w^1sen
wtmenn nnmnfs^ liintcmtStRntnnscnewn e n t w f s w ^ f t n fai f A t m n wtms imRfn^ sn i fAtmens f a mfncwn
flenn) ftn wtentsmn tms csnn Scan w n ntt i Garcin de ntw^snen cwcntntstRnn wwRew Rcmf wtamn ^msm Sm f ^
Tassy *mft - t wtmtnmtw-t ft^' atei fnf^mtc^, ftn wtmn
w (<ieto/ioffd) 1 mfnw atfwes^ "wtsn astnens t n f t wtan
'fWTp' nsffttn mnn <pfnewn i de Tassy-ias mnm, f n wtmn
tt<m ssesn, t f ? wtstcns stew fwR fnAw sn i 'îi/ioio wnm
^fnnmm wtnnenn fcs ' f >sntn' ntnsnn s^fsniflW't i f f ? i<iVv^'î nten w t f ntnsn t f n f A t m n f a c f t f ^ e w nstffn
ntwntt csnnt* m*m ntn m mi ntsm nsm A S , f n wtmn mfm (Gabes)-'as Sin ntftn fnsrp ffmtww sscsn i w t f n t w
w t n fR ^ n n * >ann w f n ^ flenn m ntmew R R 'mftn-t
IS)Vis>A nten ti%wt nsenn mi w f n m w t a ' w t f t n n
f *ntn' -^nts nw cmm -pfsnien nRnftw Atesn i wtm stem 'wtmn WtAts '^Ttf^R^ An i boo/ioi%'i-b men Atssf ^
nnntnfn^ wtent^nn wnmt tAts Sean w c w n i wfnR f n ^Flfsn wt%^fisfnswts'însi s t e t s t ^ w n m m i ntA'm t n n
wtmn fnesf wtmn ^ f f m n t e f cn ntm fnntcAn, wtmew w t f sT^ * WtAts mwt 'wrsfn-*mRm-ess wtms AnifR*
wfRo AS, twR st^ne^ mwt fwjtfntf nsR flenn m i w n Itostwfs, boo/oi cn, i 8 o i men w t f snffn Rcmf n t n
st^nit s (i) f n wtmn, mn- * mms, -ntt. Duncan ??fsm m w m ^ snstsîi w n mi 'wtms ntetn wtRtewm
Forbes, msn ib-sb-, ibô; ( A ) enn^, m f * mms, n t t . fRmt^ntHi
entnf 'wtsfn-m^, wtntmn wint#t-t S f (ft't); (o) i^'cnn^, at^f#t S (i) t f n ttmjn, Hist, des Berb, it., iiito t.
ntmsf-t 1^, ntwm'-t-wtA"ntf, 4fn<Mi i A ^ A R. ( f ^ m -sMt (A) fntf^mnpf, A t . , (o) R. Brunschvig, La
ssft fnswmess niRnw mantes n f ^ wtcA); ( 8 ) ntnsimw-t Berberie Orientale sous les Hifsides, it., ido, i'lo,
% t f (ntssnm-t mms mnft), memn is>8b-; (e) M . Garcin is.i, AiA-o, At., ioto (WTS* nntwnA)
de Tassy: Histoire de la Litterature Hindouie et G. Wiet (E.1.2)/f. w t n ^ ntmn
t n n t f ffjiesnn
t.R.---V'JÂ
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Contents
8feo
R. Grousset, Histoire des croisades, 111. 7 8 5 ; [Q]

(?o;!yiiofe t i r t i^c>ibHWt) TOT ttwra ^ i f w e f l t A. History of the cmsades. iii, 785; [h] A. History
t i t ? t n w farcfif (ftfiw) *tpH fRîillwH I ortal Cmsades, Univ. of Pennsylvania, i, 660.
i l t t?J*t? f t t t i t H W i w r f f t - t i o t t w t f wTfttf w t t - G. Wiet (E.l.^)/f. Wft^ W?t?
T l t R t f t 'Wtflt-fT?? t n f t w f t f W fli?R I S'Jj^/iolo t t e t w r t ^ wrtW-^Ô^T-^ (^_^^l jL^) swtft-
Wf%f f s f t ftwift-tt-att ttt t i t f t r a t ^ f j t f t fwft ffft ' W t w ? tf? " w t f w t t t t ? i i f w t f f t t j t w <a t f l f f f
ftWtts l y t f t t r t f T O f CtTtfT f C ? t I fwft f?<lfDc}> iltsft cflfttf w t t t w ? e f fgftsitf I f f f t 2 f t w t?tf m i t w tftw
f ^ f f f f f r f f o<K5 t f t t w <Ktt m i msft t T j ^ ffttit ? t w t f t ? ? I w t r ? f f ^tt w t r ? a t t t w t f ?^ WW wttt
ffwf&wrott I W? I fwft i i f f f t f f f t w t -a w t i f f t f f f f t f t ? t f t ? f f f a t t
sbs/ioH^ t r c t w t r t f f f t t t WTTt f t wt^w f t t t I w i t w t t f f f t tfat f e f t i w e t w t w ?I? m i w t t f
W5 w t f t f r ? I w t t t f t - f t f t t t f?tRtt w t r t wwtt WT^ttet? t t t f ? f t ? ? I WTt-?ttftt? W W f W t t (S>S>'ij-io?o)
w t t t f t t f t wt I t f t t w f t W t W t t w t t t t t t t I c t t t t t w f C t tftw wtr? ^ fSffsiW f f i t tfew T I I t r t t w T l f f f t
r t I w t tSif t l t t . w t w t f t f f t ? w t t w t w t w t tifftttlcwt I w f f f w ? t r t f f w ? f f f f t c f t f t f w t t t w ? e f tetf i t f ' w t f
8io/iob-i w r t f f f f wwtfttt:??? f f f S T t c w wtttw w t f w t t f t t w (5.)-? t t w t f f f tlct? [ 'wrf? w t f f f w w t f fiffftw
f C t t ) f f f f w f f f t -a W W f T O f ? t w t t w t t t t s t f t t < f l f t 'wtt? c t t f ? e f feffsiw f f t t f f t f ? wiw*f ?ftiW f t i T I m i
W t t ^ f W t I t t f t - W W t f f t t w w t>tftH?,H, w t ? f t t t f t f ^ t r t w 'wiWt?? f f fti3 "^tti t t f I t r ? f i ? f ? ? i f w t f f f w ?
tttt? f S j c t t f . c t t f t t w ? w f ? w t t f f t w f t t t ? w f w f ^ wftf? f f t f f f t f t t t f f ftfc T l I 'wtwt?? ffftw w w w
f i t I 'JttTttftftfc^ wrf? Wf? w t t - w w f ? f f f w f w ? t i t w wtwc?? m i t r ? t f w i t -^tt f f w t f t ^ f . f i t t ? f f t t t t i t
f t f w w t r w t f t fttw t t w ? w t , t ? i f t f t f -8 t t w t f t '^5^t-f?tfTt "f tWfe't-Wtt?" t t c t w t r f f t w ? T I 1
r t t f f w ? f ? w ? wt?^ cBtt f w ? I. fftw? tlfftt tifWR? tf?ft? f? 2 f t w ef? t ^ ^ f w ef?
t w f ? f t t t f W t W t t W - f t f 'WTW? 8feV icfeS. ttwt "ft? tffw? w i t f ? C W f - C f t t cettt?. ftwt, wfw t i t w f ft
W W W t W f t - f t t f ? f W t w f f w T T i l t l f W f t i t w ? WW (Conjunctiva), w f e f t t t f ? wr??t, e f ? wrm, c w i f a
J f t t w t ' Raymund of st. gilles W W ? t ^ ? l f f w f ? f i t W f t f W W f t i i t f ? cttf W f t f wTcwew f t ? t i t t t t ? i i i t
w i ^ t f f f r s f t ? t I (toi WWI f f f f IFtifTR? (Franks) f w t ^ c t i f t f ? m i cttfti? feffsiw? ?f?i f t t w t f t , tfcf^
f f f i : ^ w r w Wtw? fTSftf f T i f f f w t f f f t t w t t f f t ? ? I f f f w ftft tfcw c t t t f t wiaifet? f t f w t l c t ? , cft'sfti? t f ? f t
f t f f f ?rw?iti? W f t w f ? ? ? i t f f t t f t f ? t t ? t f w i i ^ wtw?, w t f ? t t w t w j f f w ? I e f ? w f t f f t t f 'WtWtt? ??ft
t f s f f t f f f t t ? ffw? f t e t t t t f o ^ f i r t t ? wt??? taitftf? twt?? w t f t e t t ? ? ?f?t? i l t t t w wt?^s w f f f f t f f w T I I f t t
Wit f f ? t ? Tyre-il f t f w ?? i W t ? W - f t f t t W W W ^ f t t ? , f r ? wi?'a w f f f f f t f f f W f W "^tt f r ? w t f t w ttw? W W
t w f f f t t ? wwttwf?, tfcft.'witrf t f t t ? Wfft fffw t t t ? w w t w cfTtct? W ? K t e f ? ( W t t w f f ? cftftf
f i t t t m i ffiViiiv-fe w t t t f w w t f t ? ? I wi!3ffet? 1 rww?if ttw^R-fV ( f ^ / ;5c?rtt>'i f w t f ? cftt?
w t w f t - f t t f ? i l f f t ttw tfwftiff t f w w t , w r t i i f W 3 t f f t f ) f t f f ' f f t - ' t f ? ' - i i wtwc?? f t f ? i& wif5,f f t ?
, w t r ? t W5I ?ft?it? m i t w w i l t lw%rcw t t f w ?>aw ?i?, W f w w w w w w W W ^ fffWtS? I t r ? f t f (?^/TOf ^ i w t f c w )
'wt^nt w t f f t t ? w i f t w t tti: f f t ^ t t w f t f t t t t I i l t f f w t - f T f f f " ^ f ? f e f f I W t ? t ? f f f 'Wtt-f?ftt' f f t t f T C t
W T t t ? w t t t w ? ffWftt? t f f tttfw f w I ttr '5tf, w r w ' w w c ? ? 5 f f t t f t t ^ f t f t i c t w t r ? ff?wc??f I
W?ttW W2tt? T I , t t t t Wtrtt? f W t f t f i t ' w t f ? t i f t t t t t ? 'WWC?? f t ' w t f f f f t w i i t t f t f t f t (Escurial)-
ftf t r f f f t f t I w^ttft'sftc t i t t w ?ftwc? I f f f W t t w ffttfftr
f f f # s ( i ) M. Sobemheim. Materiaux pourun Nathanha-Meathi (^fCWW^t f W f ) - f t r ? m t t w f l f
Corpus inseriptionum Arabicarum, Syrie du W f t i f Wtc? I w f t ? WW? t f f tractatus de oculis
nord, 39 t . ; (;>) t t f t - f t w t f f , Wtft f f W f f , Arabic canAm&jMusali t r ? i i f t t w i t ff i J . Hirschberg,
text and translation of gibb and Le Toumeau, J. Lippert E. Mittwoch-f W W R W f t i t ? t t Die
index; (o) Wiet, Indcription d u n Prince de arabisschen Augennarzte nach den QueUen
Tripoli, Memorial Henri Basset, ii, 2 7 9 , 8 4 ; ( 8 ) bearbeitet, Leipzig 1905. ii.
t t w f fffcwt
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Contents
8hi 'wrra tsn nifnn (nt)
ar?t#) 8 ( i ) tsn w t f Sn'infn'wi, ^n., b-h; ( A ) j . ntentwn

Hirschberg, etc., % f>i<p|; (<o) Stein S c h n e i d e r , '^srhit? TTtlm? ( ^ ) 8 ifinsiSR fAtfwn * fnntfww
Die hebr. Ubersetzungen d. Mittelalters, 667; ( 8 )
ntmf I mn 'wtmn, Samn wtfn-ntsswm, fnwm mn ntfnn mi
G. Sarton, Introduction to the Hist, of Science, I,
mwm mn fntnjt fnnw amnw i fwfn flenn m a f n entcan fna i
729; [(t) Brockel Mann, S. I., 4251.
wm wtmn mm flenn wtmens w t n t n w m f i wtms n t a n f w t
E. Mittwoch, {E.I. '^)/'^. m. >an. ntsfis nsntn'ffOi
^ 'wrmn tnn ntfnn t f n 'wtfnn tsn mRss ^ f w i m tsn.
"^m^ ^ TlTf%?l ( ^ i ^ ^ jL^) s m tnn 'wtfnn snnn tsfn-^'nran t s f n - * m f n tsn m'ntm t f n 'wt*^ tsn
tsn ntfn^, wifn-ntss"vsrtn stffstA (n)-ixis mm ntstff mi mRm tsn "wifnn tsn mn tsn wtnn tsn nmn tsn ntfn^ tsn
isnifsstcn 'wt^ (nt)-n ns<Ptff flenn i wtsjn fnwt ntn^n cntcgn Smn t f n n m n t f n n t a ^ tsn 'wtfn t f n mnn t f n w m n tsn
wtf^ntn^ (nt)-n mm nt*nt' (cntisj ntf^) flenn *iist wistn mm t f n m a ^ t f n m'w tsn ^^lAmn wm-'wtnf wtn-nnswif
ntf fntnne^ fsnts w n ifntnitess wtntn'^^Rnicn^nfstsifln, (tfn mm, wmtnnw, oa, A8to) i
f % ? ntfnn * wtms nRntn wif ^'n'tsnnn mmt ntffm nin i 'wtms (n)->fin fam mfnn (m)-'an wtfn fnnm f l n tninm-^ i
ntfffftA Q^)-m srmrsn ann fncsst wtmm tnntn at^n m%. ifiss wtt ftc^tiw A*nm wm ^ mwt mfsA * mfn^-'Xis nft
w ^ bsn fnntwn cmn w n i 'wimn (m) wiRfnfnntn ftstnw fwfn-nw wtnnn w n i wwsas w a n ^ wtt namnes ?enca
nscsn mi sifâis (n)->in nfntn %fscs as 'wims (m) wmn awitnwn nsfnen* mfnn (m) n m n a t f w i mn ântmafn entcan
ftwnw w n I tnn I ens atafnns wtwrnnufncw f w f n w?aasn nfsw (nam ^ân nsesn i wwsas Rfn m a f n entcan. w t f ^smnn
w n mi nnn, S ^ * wmtm am n w fwmen f w f n siffsils. t s f n f f s m f m s n n t f âns mfc^ fnniA w n i wtmst ac
(n)-'Xin nc5f flenn i fmfws * wmmnnens nem mw-^ n ^ 'wtmn (m) wmsfAa w n i w t f ^'nmnn t s f n - f f m 'wtmness
( 5 L L i j _ ) Sane^ Rfn ^nnnsn tsn mrnn-ian nftw mw^ f^ nsfnm o m ( t s f n - w t f n , Snfn-anm, s a , 80-88) 1 ff?
maess wm^ sn i wtf ntssn (m)-'iin f^tnmnwnncn tsimni-nfc^ mfnn * wtsm nfnrnn w t f Asmsnn nmmes f^ s t m wtms n c f t
f w f n m^ w t mmn i Ai/to8i men 'Smn (m) wtme^ ^m a t f w i rnn 1 wm w t f ^nt?rm* wtminne^ f s t e^-nsnsw nsRn
nwns fnf^ w n i ât nns fwfn tfsnwm fnstcn wt'tstAn w n i fnews mj? ntf^ cnn 1
o(f/tooto ntn ttew f w f n 'wtf (m)-n fnean wrîmwn stm 'wtmn (m) ann tnnm aAn^tfcns wmwn i Rfn o i nt 00
Se^ I f c ^ aen ffn fwtfnaness 'wtf (m)-n nft wcsm an tnnrn atAa nscsn i w t s w j c A f ^ ^ f s m n n f (s.)
ansnntenca ntmm w n i o nten wwi afnnw nnen fwR lit^tnesf tnmn aâ w n 1 wtms tnnm aâ n t e f fwfn
fn^pfm-^n few a f n sn i nnnenn an* fn?Fftc=m fnns5 wtsm nenn, wmsnn fesn nnwra wtfn fmnn-ân n t ^ a t t n m 1
nmfnn a f n M fnen i siffsiiA (n) wan fwwcn flenn 1 wtfn fstnne^ fw^tm nfnrnn,
mfcAfwfn warn >stenn wfnmf flenn i (fiw^rifw tnntenn 'ffn R m*? en wtmcss nfnn, ^ R m*? wtfn sfnti*!, fwwcn
mj wmsmn wnn * wimAs afw nftn can wtmc^ a p anfws aena s m fmrnn-ias ^m fnew mt 1 en nfnn, wtfn* wtmt
wfnmf ssfsntfln i m$m fnnfenn mew fnffww -stcn siffnis. mt 1 wwsas wmm fwcs n t f f p i A (n)-^n Rnss canrn 1 fwfn
(n) wtmc^ 'Ssn msens Saena cnn mi wtftewn fnintn amn wmtenne^ tnntenn m*ntw fnenn 1 wan wmm tnnm aâ
w n I fwfn wtmess 'wtw-wnfnm *ntn-fwTfnm, Saifs* mn s^fsmv mi nwn a n s ent wm?m ^mtttntn 1 wwsan wmm
nsesn i mfe? Inegtf nens' (i^Li Us) me wtsm a f n A*mn ntftn ^ m n ; ff wmtenn tnnm aênn ^m catan ntfStmn
tfm m*m rnn i fsnmn men 'wtmn (m)-n .xr^ f a flenn, (wm-ntmf, fnnt^ wfmfnn-fmm, ia., % 8; w m m w , oa.,
mf^fsnaea wi^m ifit fa* afnf% ntw ^^Rniflcnn i
A8<i-8v) I 'wrmn (m) nenn, wifn nan s i f f a i A (^)-m f f ^
st^tit 8 (i) tnn m'n, o/i, a.; (A) t f n fj"winm,
ann nsfn wan wtmn nf^ w t f n t f (m), % w n cmmn .*f^R
m'wiinns, 8v, iii-A, AO5>, A ^ A ; ( O ) m*nm^, wt^ffn, sb-<t-x
n f t m fln ( f a t f , ffwtfn-mmffn, mn w f n n - f m f ^ , â., f.
(8)tfnAtwm,tmm,nvd'lo8; ((J)WlftW,Sfnif%t(ed. by
pellat); (to) wtn-ntntff, wmmfn-wiant^, ia.,.Rn^; (H) <fito) I tmm fnewenn t n m n aênn ^m asna ^^Rit fnntflcnn 1
tffn-wtfn, Sngn-nnm, 8 i . , os; (v) tffn-wt*f, fn-nn^- wtmn (m) * wtsm t n n m atsjnn^m catan ntftc atenn m t ,
ninn*niw; (s.)wm-mmf, fnrnn^ wfnifnn-fSHi'; (io) m.nr.t, n ^ wtm anna nsfnm fnniwcns f t w An 1 aan cs mw m R
i8/Aa., C5.1rS.-C!.5>o I fnwenn t n n m asna ssfsntflenn ^wtms (m) flenn wtmens
H. Reckendorf (E.I.^ m. n t . t . ) ? n n n n i ^ ^ n s m n w m w n I f w f f t n (n) tAcw n f ^ wrc^ cn, mw n i R stan
t n m f ffscsnn
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8fe?
t t t t t - m ?5FT i?5T*f ?sc??, diff?iK ( R ) wif;?t?5?'(?T), 1?5RTR < ^ f f W W W f f t WTTO'S >5?if ?t5I>8 1 w t t 'wtw? ( W )
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(t5igt-W?t, S t . , f 8 8 ) I ' .: ' " 8 f . , f 8 8 ) S
'wro (w)-m f f w t i w w t ' w i ? f ^ W W i1??ic3? R?!CR
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t l ? w t r w ? WStWftW W f ftttft t t f t - f ^ t fctt tfffftR
*lttif|wt. Wit f*t?5W ilt fl??l?1t? t f ? ttsftwr? 1t#f . . . .
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f c t t w t I W f f f t ? ( t ) iit f i ^ W W w t t r t t c f wtsdcw? f t t iltl w i r o WW wte? fWWlw; W w t r o W W W : ? W?tef
f t W f CfR r w t t ? f t f W ? t f f f t f ^BPfff W f W ? W f f f f w fffft? WW W T L f?f Tt ftsf W R O F S ^ . T W W W f f f u f t w "
W f f t f i c f ? f f f % f t ftft? t*ii4st*i t f W f f?e=i<i ft?ic*r f #
1tcf|5| 1 W f t t f t t ( f ) w t t ' c t t f t t f f w w t w i a w f T O t t ^ fttw? ^ftfW? I f f f tftiest W T W ftiew wtftcwt W i
WiWCÎtCP W f t t f t t t t f t c t t , 3 '-^ll j x i j i J ' 'J ; - iltt wtff t ^ , f?l?lt (W), W f fft?lW (W),ftWR(W), "wft?
"C? w f t ? f f t T O ! c w t w M t t t f f ? I CWWCt? WW W1?tC? t f t f ? i ? W (W)-iRf I wi?tet? RWe# WftR Tf (wttttw, of.,
w f t f t ? f W ^ t t c ? " ( W f - t r o t , ? F . , f (???) I f ?8V) 8
Î?IC^T^ i l t ^ f f ^ <lfl,f I? ( t ) ^ I R W T L C F ftf^valCt
W f W f c t t t cTt I wf?tc'??cf WW f f t w c t r o WW ww?? ^ .... ^ '
f t f t f w f C t t 1 t ? T O t f ? 'wtffIH (W) tCRt, i l f W w f t
f~^J J > 4 I J L_4JJ_i j>o l i L i j J J L L J J _ U - A J
t f t ffw w t t t f f f c t f t f f W ? ( t ) w r o w t t f w ww?tf
t t t t c w f l c t ? I W t w ?tltc ttttc *wwc?? f f w i w w t >S "tl?l<il fffttww ^ T O f ?ftw?f W , f w fw?tf f W il?l
*Wft?-ii? ftfS w f t w t T wi?ict?cf wtt f i % Pfs?n ?tctlf i ' J t f r o t f w , CWTO f t f i t f i f t RC?? f ? wt?tct? f t w w t f r t
wfti? ( w ) t f t r c t t , f f - w w w f f t t i i t ? f t ! W f t t f ftftt (t) w w f t , f t t t W f " (ib 8 iio) 1
wt?tcf fftfcwt, t?? F ? I c?ww?! wtfc?? f f t t l t C f f f t WW 'wtro (W)-ii? ffi!i_wwe?? Cftft wt, W'S t?5fff? cftft
f ? I W ? f f t w t r fftw? (Wt?1ftW, I S F . , ?8<) I W f f ? ? f fiwt'8 t w r o f ^ I f ? t f t t f ? w ? w t - f w f (?)
i i f w f i t f t w ' W T O (w)-cf wct? rot ftf% ffct?t I ?ctt, ffft 'wtro (w)-cf i l f f t fiwiw ftftt w?fi? fttt t i w
tiffW^ (t) C t T O ffw w s r o t t ? f t ? ?w w t r o fftet fttfw ctffwt?? ftft W W C f ?ctR, w f t f r o t f e i ?^ t t e t ? f&r
tftctt, C? WtSt! 'WWC?? W W f w t f t t % W ? f ^ w w, cRffw tftfWt, t w 1f? I f f ffttett, t w w r o t f f t f e
cttt f i t t ? ? l t l t (W)-il? W W "Wttftet I (W? C? ' W W ? ! ) f W t f e t ? <?m\ f i ^ fBw (wtWftw, o f . , % ? 8 v ) i 'wtw?
c w w c f cw t f c j t f w ? w i f t f w (ffro w w f f t f?tw, i t . , f (w)-ii? W W f f t t r t (w)-ii? stc!f W f wtT^ ? f rot w w w
8io-bb; Wttftw, of., ?8V) I f f f e t t f f f f t ^t?t TO I t ? l t f i t t t w c t ? f t t ftwwe?
W ? i l f T O f t f f ? W ' W W ? ( W ) - C f tftw t t t t fiftc 5?itcw. t t w I t f f t f t t f f t ( t t f t ttw, 8f., 80) I f r o f f w
f i t I c f t H v i c ^ t w w t t i?tcf ?ilfcf|i w twwt w ct <iif<fsii? wtf? ( w ) W W 'wKusii? ( w ) - f i f f s t e ^ e?t ffftwct?
( t ) - C f fifti ct? il??.Wt?tCfi? CtitWtCf W i t tet 1 W s s f ? W W ffff???l
^tw ' W T O ( W ) wt?tt f f f c t ? I W f f f i t w f w f t f t f w w fitfc 'WW? (W)-ii? wtft? ftst?e? f f f f t w fct tftttc? I
< l f f ? i l ? ( t ) - i l ? f f f t W f t t f t f c t ? I f t f ^ W ? ( t ) tftctt, Cftt Cfft f t l w f t c t ? tew f f f f g f ? t f t ? tft ?t?ft? ttw?
C W T O fts tt?f ' W W ? ( W ) t ^ t f c t t , f t t f t W f I w f t fc?? (wf?fftw, o f , <j. ?(?o) I t f r o ftw?e? ^ f t "stct f f f
W f t t c f f i t t R w f ? i iltl wtwcff? ct?-ctftcf W i t w ?w c t t i w ftsttw f e ? t it??, f t f f t f ? t f ? 'wt?fft-ftft?.(w)-ii?
ff3 w t t w W W C f WCf w t I ?lffsll? ( t ) ? t f c t t , C W i T O witf Cttvsl f ? t f e ? ? I ?tffsll? (R) f l?lCf <^tl?lf I t f f t - W T O
WWCt? W f f t wtt Cft? fit? 'WW? (w) tftctt, w t r o W W ? (W)-i|? Rtt W f C f ? ?WR W ? ^ fC?? i|?l <JfffW t R W t
^ttc? wffeffw f ^ I Wf^[W^ ( t ) t f t r c t t , wtww ttf w r o FTFTRG w t l f W C f ILF F Q w f t W ? f C ? ? ( W T T O t W , ot.,
t t w f fffcwt
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Contents
'wMiii t s n Tnfns (ST)
Afto) I s i f 3 ^ ( n ) t ^ s w ?pRiiT n f n t n c l ! ^ *in nnfsrcw nnf) ' S A W H (m) Awim nnnt stActn ntfn cwnmn mx n t n R p a t ? R
f n # t nsnt AS t -iit nnn ntmffeisi;^ St?nA sinter w m n t f ^ p ? sfActn w n j wfAim nnm n m m An i -flt w ' w t f (m)-im
( n ) fncwa Alcwo n f t ^ t t n^n w n i.wtf: n t f n t n f t (nt). fnei!^ AtnR (m)-iain nftw "wtmn (m)- wnnw n t t k n n w m
m ? R , wtnnt ns>Mt >assft nsfnnt t t n ^ n>(5c^fln|ii w m * w i ^ ^TOnôntnt A f I
(nt) ^ nsfnsT t t n^n ^ R i w f l c n n i ônsnm fwin ni>asiiA cntien c^lftm tmm (nT)-'an ncsf 'wimn (m)-<3 fnmen
(n)-.t4js n ^ nf^nt m n i w n n m ^ ^ ^ ( n ) ey^scn wtms m m WtentAt nsRm lass on^^f^ n ^ cnn, ntmn n^cn ntcv? nn mwm
f R nrtflm fnm nfncnn, m n 'wtmn! f n c g # cmSt cmmcss cm^ " w t f (nT)-4n t c ^ f A ; ssf^sw w m af?w A t m m n
tm nsfncn (wmin>iw, van.. ' J . AA) I t t n ^ n s n m T s m "wimn (fnnmm-mtmi, At., ^^(K^) i w w ? t n ^ R . ^pimm w t f ^
(nt) nsRsm >sit M n wtff% < ntnftw wtnm f c ^ fwfn 'wt^ (m)-'as t ^ f w w n i fwfn
cntKiftf nrnniAW cmwienn f l ^ i fnmn (m) wtAtess "wtf
(m)-'ira t w m$it ^pfse w f ^ n i f f ^ , ^ ) - anA <i)t f ^ Atew fnnw m e w i fn^fftenn f c ^ * fwfn
mfs, S ^ , n n n ^ , rnn'wi^ fnn*RnA n w t f w i t ffn "wt^ (nf)-*sBf t c ^ w?f aJAt sscsn I
s T f ^ l ^ (n)-(as ntt^'witst^n ns?^ ffnc^n nftw f>i[ nscsn" i
w i f 'Wnfnn niAmn w m - f m f t nenn, f n v f l n f c ^ wtnm
(m)-ifis m s r a f p w i m m s R I R i l n m f n w f ^ m f c ^ s
*wif (m)-ian t c ^ f l n m i w t n wtfn cnf^tewflnm, 'wmm (m)
fwfn wttstAf ssRnt f t n c ^ ^^yt^ ntetn 1 1 ^ "Snm (nt) nc?m,
cnfnesst tilte^fAW'i n f n t f m (n)-<in ntAiftta* wtme^
ntntnm f ^ c^cai n t n sm f w m n c w f l n ^ n n "wtmn (m)->iin
t w t w m m W f n n t ^^pRnt cnt fncsst nttewflcnn i cnt fnn wtfn
iSRsft nsm n s f ^ ^ n t wtmn nivc'<t n t l t w i f ^ n>tli>*^t ^pfncw
*wtmn (nt)-c^ nfnew ^ R m n , wtfn wtw wtnm ntAfn fAimn ( n )
ntcss I Rf^ c n t fness g C T f m nsfnm wtajacetn *in w i 3 R t ^j^sit
WtAm nnnenn n R s n l w nsfsn i wiaiAs ssnni wiAim
nsRjit mcsm >ant ffn c?ifnc^ ft#:wf|jmnstwicnn t n nstwm
( i R t ^ ) nfn wtmcmcss tmfifw nsRm 'AIWIS' ntft t f s * n t m
n'SQ nsRfif fncsRtmn i mm f n n m n t t ffgBt'f^tmtnt t f ^
nm w f s wifn nen nsRn, wmm Acnm S t n <aint wtAim ntfwenn
fwfn l i j ^ S ^ f t m n S t n n i i ^ i t m f ^ W ' ^ l n n t n l n w n , CA f n f n n
S t n n^meA ( S n f n mm, St., ^. s^; wmtsstw, o t . , <j. Aa"i) i
ntftft! cmnm R wi^ftw iêw t m n n nsfncw^r wtfn "wimn t f n
w t f n n t t w t f (m) nenn, fn^pftn f c ^ nnn 'wtmn t f n ntfnn
ntfnn i wtmn Rss& w i t n (Snfn-tmt, sn., <j. s*; wtsmsfw, t . ,
(m) nRenn, wtmn w m f f ? t t f n w m I w t n f t wmt ^ e n wrm
f . A * s ) I wtms f w t ^ t c n f n n m n t t n f l w fffsnt t i n mi
c n f ^ R f n nfmym, sifi?fiA ( n ) wiiiico nfnntc^, f R m e w
n m t tpmn i ^ w w ^ mapn S t n ntttttm tD?n I
n f r n n cn t t f n ^ t m ^ R m wtm s t n f n i tm nfnm fwfn
*Smn (m)-(iin f5initM*Mct fwfn.'wtmn (m)-cs5 ^^^pm twsfs mm cut^ f n t m w w few f t t i t n t tf|enn mx fnt nsfnew
fnemt '^Rrt t t ^ i fictnlf n men fwfn m t R F ^ f f f tai fnetn, ^pfnew ttm AtetH i ntf'Sn-wt*nm m w t f ^ o'l R . fwfn
ntmc "wtmn (m)-^3n' n m n * n<tm ^?fnm n^ A ? I i fwfn wtmess ttAtnlw mw nscsn i >st nnn wtmn nnn A t s i f l t JS n m n i j m
fAimn (n)-'an ngt ntmff, nnn f t s ; wttstAtnstff a i f R R?met <>i ntncan nwtnw* tt*m nm I
f f n w w n mx. wtmn w t f t w j nsnm fm?ft cnn (team wtm g .
wtfn-ttfnm w m - f m f m w m - ^ i f n m'fintc fwfn wtms"
w m t ^ , v s t . , <j. A * * ) I liiss n t n s n n n m t t f s fwfn f s t
mltcw f t i t m t e s n i w w g t n îss t t f t n m wsmn ^
n w r n n w f w m nft^s f t n mfn^ t m n nsenn i t A m t n
WtAm c ^ ^ê nss f n f ^ nsfnm cssen i w w g t n wtAtm Swes
w s j w f t t R ? ctmcmt cntt cnnm 'Smn (m) wtmess stwrtAm
'wtmn (m)-css Awjt nsrnn mfn n t m f'wtfnm (m)-iiin fnsst
nsRm n n (mA f f f f l n ntmff, fnnmm ntAtm, At., j. (Â-(ô
c^^ffln I cnttcn 'wmn t s f n - ' w m (m) S t f ^ flenn i fwfn
wiw-wTniftn nntew) i tnfnn Snm ( m ) wtmess stwjtAm nsnm
nfncnn, wtaiAn "^nni tAtm f t w H w i m ^ n t m mtwt nsfnewcA \
nsrset wnt s t n t e ^ f f m f w ^ nsfncn R f n nfmmn, n w j
wtitAS w n ! wtfn nsfnm sfsefl cn, wtfn nfn wtw ^tew f f i
nfnew R , atten wttrnn fnentet>8 wmm t m t t mf^tntcA mx
ntns f e ^ f f m s t ^ f n w m ! liit n n s f'wtfnm (m)wtAtc^ni?m
nnttesn nnns t i m t mf^tnte^ (wtmnsiw, vot., <j. A < N > ) I
fnm m ? R , ntAtm WtAtem few ntnttstcA wtAtmt wtmn ^s^mrmf,
"wtf (m)-'as n R s wtms f s t n t n t m t f f l n i ^ "Simn wtnm nft ( w t n t w , o t . , <j. A S I ; S n f n ttm, s t . , <j. s H) I
(m)->an t f n A'snrn t n ' ' w t f (m) n t n f^tmntews mfm? aJAt wtmn (m) tnfw^tens fcn'sfnntw nsfnm mn, wtmn t R t w
s'fsct'f w t n S f n - f f n f n w t t t t (m), wi^tm fsrsn (m) a f f t n t t e s t wtntew m w 'pfnen i ^ m t (ffntne^n >îii(.i) wifn m f
t n m f R^crnn
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'wpsrra t f ? ?rt%? (?i) 8fe8
^ ( t t f t t i t i , S t . , f 8 1 ) I ' W t f ( w ) fr? W t t t t t t t t i t i w f t W , TO W f f t , ???i W.ft., o t . , 'J. ?8vb->!s8; (ff) t t f t -

ro?? 4 ? i f r ? ftt?Tt ? w i w w t t m t f f f r s w t f t ? W l f ? , t t ^ WW, C?ro i O I I ft., S t . , % 8 0 - 8 1 ; {b) Wtt-
frtf t t f t f t t rsi (sn>8w) i i f ? f i t t t f # i ? , ? i cft? ?cf?, W r f , ftltlf W f W t f t - f t l W , f ' W t f W t t f t - f t W W , '2??i i S i o
f ? e^sfT f f tft?f?f*f I w t r ? r f e j c f ? ms\ cttttt t i t f?./fej!)o f , I t t l , i t . , <J. So'ts-S?!?-, t l W l b-8; ( 1 ) ^ C t t f ,
tt Ifttt^-tt^c c t t i t tjtr? t5t?ct tt ( t t ^ f i t i , S t . , <j. w w f t W l t W t t - W r W , TO t??lt-f?t? Wlt-'WlWf, t??i
si; ttm, o t . , J. ?'ti8) I
w . f t . ; (b-) r f t s w w t w f f t WTft \"mm f f f w i t - f t i ? f ,
'wtw? (?i) f i c t ? tftw?!? w t r i ^ p i ? w f ? w I
l??)f=1 ftwt # WltWtt-ffWlt, W?Ftfff?,???i i S i S
fr? t w c f t l f t t r s (i?ift, o t . , <j. ?ffo) I
ft. /ifefeff f , iot., f 880-ffo, t l W l Siffb-; (S>) t f ?
?Twi? ' w r t f t w f , w t t - t w w , f f t ? w . f t . , ? t . , 'J. ffi?-io,
t l t r t ff 1o8; ( i o ) >^ c t t f , W^5ff-1^, ? t . , >[. iS>, ?t?i
i S b S f?./ifeb-S ( i i ) t f ? w t t f t t W??, w i t - ttf'Wl?,
"Ct w f w ?tcai? Rl?tcf ftiwm?t ? t ? f fifit?n w i f f w t f t ? W . ft. I
ttt*t f C t , Wltf?Ttf ? ft? m\ wr? t f W W f ? Wfsf? gwt?^wft
<2titw ft? ct t f wr? t w t , ct wr f c ? w (ojs % >>) i
(<.jjU.c) 8 W i f w f f t f ? f S W ? 'WIW?
iitsfw wt?t wr? f w t s t f ?ftiw w f f w r ( t ) c t i t w
f - C t t W - m ^ W t ^tc i l t f e t W f t ? w t t ? t l f % I 'WTW?
ft?Wt?? I w t w t (W) t c t t , W f f W ? ( t ) tftiwt??, f? ?jfw?
f-Ct?W i i i ? % Wtjsj^t f C ? t I f t t t t ^ attttt? f ? T r t
ft Wl?t WlSjf g ' w i f , W t w ? 'WIW? (t?ftf, f f W f f
W t f f t t ? f r o W'TO t f t w t ? I 'wtwfttri wertttt? wift
wtlff?, r f t ? t i o i j i i ) I w t W f f W ? (t) frtf 'Sff
t t t f i ? [ t (wftw)-^ i l t f i t ? f i t I t w t i ? ^ ifttw t r a ib'??
fft? m i f r t f tf?3t ?ttw w f f t ft?? 1 m t t ff? W f t f
<f, w i t ? i ^ f t i w f w t t - w t t f f w t t - f t t f f ^ f f f f f e
w f t t f t f t t ir? f f e t f t w t f w ttttt? .. . . u I I . j_
?tillt|=1 I f t t w CWCflWft (Depont and Coppolani)-
! u 11 " w t t c? f f s j ?jft5 f f a i f l f t " (f?ftif,
ii? ? f w W f W t ? (Les Confreries Religienses
ffWf*^ -Wttftt, r f t ? t l o i f e I y ) I
musulmanes, W t t f w W f ib-fei <{. <J. offvb-i) t f f i t
'wtw? (W) ? I f f W ? ( t ) "^C c t t ft!f r f ? t=ftl fftwtC?? I
t w f ? Cttt? t f t f i l t f f W t ? ? ?itf?fit f t t w ? vbsoff w ?
m t f t r t t fr? tff rft?? t i t n o?tt rwtictj f t t f t
Wfttftt I
f t f f t t f e l t rf? f t ? w t w c ? (ffw? w f w t f t - f t t w , i t . , %
( E . l . ^)/il. il?. i l t . W T [ f ? ? ? r o f i B l
8oi) I wwftt? t t w t?t? ftft ?tt wf? t f w
?5tf?TC??'wtf t ? ? w t f w t t ? , 'Wt?^p?tt? ' W t ? ^ , w i f f t t "^trîwr (<_.j^) 8 & # T O , (Phrygla) W?ff
vsiit- wit'wtf, w i ? f w ? t ? ? w t f t ? , wtft? t f ? ' w t t t t w ? , w t f tfftt f f i l t w t f t t (Amoiium, f ? w f i l t w f t , A m o r l n
t w w w t t - ? i f t f , Wff f f t t t w i f w t Wlt-<{?I^ 2 f f t I wt? j j - a - i i ? WCt? W t t f ttftw? I i t ftwr f f Ctt W t W f t ?
w f t t c t ? t c t j f r ? f 3 f r w ? t f ? 'wtw?, w'^ t ? f t t t t f t f t f C f ? t f ? w ? f f 5 ?ir f t f l ^ c t t f t ttc Cilcia-il?
fW?Tt?, WTf W f ? t f ? wtttf? .w?ti?, f T w t t t f t r t i f f t n , t f t f tfwc? i l ? l w r W?itftiW (Dorylaeum)-? t f w t - f l f
wtf ?ttt, w t t w w , f f f ? t f ? ^ i t , r w t ttft-rff?, f ' w t t t Wttww? tfwt-flfttt u p p e r W f t t f W W f W W f f
t ? f t r t w i w , 'wt?f? ?t?ti? t f ? wtttt, w f w w t f ? w't, (Sangarlos)-il? f w t Wtff i f f f f ? t W t T O W ? f R
'Wtfl?!!?tt? www W t t - f W f , t t f t rltf?Tt, ?t?>Q?1? t t ? f ^ wwiw I f f t f Hamilton t T O *)?ltlttt? W f t W ? ft?? i
tttr?, ?t??i t f ? w t w , 'wtw ( w ) - ^ t f w w t t - w t ? , W t t t f ? Wtf? W f ( t t t t f wtftftrt) ^ttw w ? i.i/? W t t f w r t w
WttTO, fttro t f ? f f t ? , f t t t f f t t ? f w ? t , 'wiftt? t f ? f t r w ^ ftro-ii? t f f t f f i l f l t f t t ? t r o *siw?tft w w
t f ? w t f ? T W t f f t ( t t f t WW, S t . , % 8 1 ; ftr?T^ tfwt?; t w f f t t f ? t t w f t f ? CWfW? t r c f Hergan Kala
WWtft-ftlW, i t . , f S o l ) I W t t w t f f e f t f e I ?wfic? roro W t t t c f ^ wtc? w ii?i t w
s t f f # t g W t t - f ? W t f t w f t , ? . f t . ; ( ? ) W i t - f t t f , *RlW?Ctttf Asar WtW W??l-il? ftc? t f T O Asar Kale
W t t - t t f ? , f f t t t w w f f f g n , ct?t?t (tt.R), w.ft., ? t . , % t t t t w t f f e ^ t W f i t f I Ramsay-il? ?'=ftr5I Amorium
(ti<b\ ( o ) wt-f?tff, Wtt-Wlft', f f t t t w WttfftTt, c t ^ w t t r f t w t ? ? wtifwt? c t t ftsc?? w t t ? t t t r r f t w w f
( t t . t f ) , w . f t . f f W f t W t l t f t ; ( 8 ) t f ? W t , Wt-ttIWft- f f t w W W f t f t i t ? I 818 ttc S S i f n f s t t ? f t m tt*iT
t t w f ffticwt
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Contents
wm
Zanon "WTlfem fC'fn stfw^ f i j 7 <1R?llf|M-l; wen ib-Sslr f., }. ib-A-Aob-; ( b ) cntSs, The Campaign of
WPi-viin'^f s ( f a w , At., ne isit cssft Rntt n#?it%nn 716-18 from Arabic Sources, ibS.^., J. ih-wi; (s.)
Anastasium {8S.i f . - ( ^ i b r f . ) ifint SAT 'Wtnnenn w t u R t (^'^, Byzantines and Arabs in the time of the
w t t w f l n I WtAtnt S A I w n * Rnil|n i Aft/^sto nten w r f n Early Abbasids, in English Historical Review,
f'wtfn'nt (nt) wtffnmt T # 0 % ; ^ m\ 'wtn^n-niAntn tnn i S s o o f . , f . HAb'-S'l; i S s o i f . , {. b8-S.A; ( i o ) J .
mfnn (m) t n n *nt%i 8^/^^^ men f ttfntfwess wimn n a m Wellhausen. Die Kampfe der Araber mit den
ffssten mm nsesn i 8V^5 men w % t f ^ n n wfwntnmen m f n Romaem in der Zeit der Umaididen, in NGW,
ât f e ^ wfsmn ênn, f f ? Constans-'an cnmnfw Gottingen, Phil. Hist., Klasse i5oi f . , J. 8i8 t . ;
Andreas Sm fmftn nsenn i ^r^/Hoyr nen mnntm t f n ( i i ) A. Vasiliev, Byzance et les Arabes. mm. La
'wtnfnn-mfn^ msnr-sttn cnmmftfe^ wiffsmtn mjen tntiww Dynastie d. Amorium, m^, iSsoft f . , i t . , i S S - ' l S *
nsenn i i>v/Hi<h wmm ^^wss w % t f ^ n n wfwmnnsien wtAtn ' W t n f w f s m s wm-'wtsmf *m's-sit, nsrsest, j. iôo-aH *
cnmmn^ 'wtfRmt cmn wnemn mm i R^ Leo the 3ptn n t ^ t . At., La dynastie macedonienne, ^ t . ,
Isaurian (fnfn ten nafe stmflenn) ât wnems ni< ssfnm Extraits des sources arabes : i5fto f . , J. i < ? A - A o b ,
cnn I nen Leo tmess wwr tf^mf m câtn sint^Rw <Ft n s ^ t , J. o A - o o I
ofssiilcn-i 1 itoV'^'tJ* men t f m wtn-ntAfs wtncn wtn-Atntn M. Canard (m. m.t.)/4. c^. m. ^Pn W t n n
t s n ^TAwtm-s m\ mst ib-i-'is.'i nen msifs-stfn-ias wtnen
^srrq^ ( g . w t n t i n )
tm ntnscnjs nftw wtamn sffwemn sifssiiln i wnenen
wtn-f'wtfnn-ian fnmn mfsfn A J ^ tAtn nwn ne i fwfn mn f^ WTH-wrtT^HT ( . i j j v i ) g f t c T S wfsfw (^.<:.) s^nsn i
nn 'iit c ^ wnemn nfnm ntenn m\ wncien wJn^ 'îfn f *m mm t f ^ tmnm->iin ntwt * m n w c f n tfnmsns mn i
wfsstfs ntAtem AAo/Vov nen tm snw sscsn I n n t e t ^ ffmtw flenn mmfnm ftnntn (5.)-'an w s fnntw [mm
wiffnmt fnwn Snnens wtf wimn wtmn fnnnw ^tfm fnenn is.)] ntAtm ntnttA fnntben s n f Rmen wststAt <-(ssts
(ntAis atnn ^netn wtfntn Rsntts (fnwn) nsnm nAcn wnmfn w f n m n n t ^ flenn i wtmmn menn wtfnnst s f wtmn, f A t n w ,
w e w wfn^wn nwj, wnntfsn # ^ mes nftnieA s ^ f f f t t f n , f f W (ntnstn), f mms, f fns*ntA, f ^ p m
( j ^ i ) * c#iessn ( _ ^ i ) njtmn (^nt n m e f wtn* g. (AininR), f S A f n m i w m - A t n m f [ t ^ f n , ( n t t . N. A.
FARIS), b t . , i d s . ] f f n t f l m f w ^ ^^fnsteAn i t A t s mn
wm-f'f, wttms^ wtff w r ^ , wtcm i o a ^ ft., % ios. n., f.
A< n.) I wm-f'wtfn'n tAsItc* ^Hsn ssfnm fnmflenn, ff? -nes m t * n m , i t . , Atoo-ân S ^ cstess sftsicA, wes ent f
tm tsfnfn At?iifln i f f ? o i W ^ o i men wtsfn->iin wtfn ntAis-ias mn n # t m\ ^ntcA i
rnnrn tme^ w # ^ w nsenn i wwsts tfwAten tms cm^ r^t(tt 8 ( i ) Lane. % ^b(^ a; (^) wm-mnmf, Sud-
Scancmtj wfnm ntAr tfnnt A S m i f f ? lawnneg* ^nmfsn arab Mustabih, n t t . Lofgren, f . 8b-d-8 (ât nesf a t m
w m - t n f f * ATsifaiA wTn-fnwt*ftn n<Rt fwtfn^ fits mnn 'wtn*m-tfnjm 'wm-wtn*m'-iiin Sttfs m t n f n Sttf%, w . o.
tw^, litsp fss awns, tff Âfs npx5 wsRft fln i Lofgren, Elm hamdani Fund, Uppsala, iS>od t . , f .
Oi); ( o ) nTt*ntn, mmfn-'S^n, n t t . Zettersteen, i t . ,
^ r ^ t i t s ( i ) W. Hamilton. Researches in Asia
Atoo, n t t . , 'wt#1fffn WtA'ntn, GMS, A S S ito, o i , 8b; (8)
IVIinor, Pontus and Arrnc-nia. i t . , ibrS^ ^. Sb-8 t . ;
M. Hartmann, Die Arabische Frage, % o i s . t . i
(A) Ch. Texier, Descripton de V Asie Mineure,
O. Lofgren (E.I. i)/wtnfn men
ib-8J5 f., f . 8 H i ; (o) W. liarnsay, The Historical
Geography of Asia Minor, Vo-ho -sj.. t . :f.co-oi; (8) ^51T^ ( j j i ) s [(wtnn A ^ i ) * t ^ A t c 2tnfw,ftftntmnt
Pauly-Wissowa, 'n-t^S t.. t . ib-Hi; (d) Murray, stbRr], sttfn wrsnens etrSfs nens mn, ntAtm w t f n
Hand-book for travellers in Asia Minor, ib-te t^, ^ t r f s j t w ii\j^ ^j\) * Sm^-iiis w f n m f icji^ j j , i ) f l n i
f . ito; (to) m'f. (^-SrTi'^'-Ft'if*f, i t . , o S i , dtoV, S.^V; ^t., Swn nnt t s n t f nsten t n n r f f c t nnnt * trnnR-'a fnfnwtcn
Vod, b-to8; Ot., Ato8.to55.:>:H'So;8t., S.4; <?t., ^(J-'Wlsnenn m n '^w nscs i cntwmt tsmR-âs m^ ctia w t f n wtAtcns m
w r a ^ t s n m e f i g. ( H ) E.Brooks, The Arabs in Asia w s t ntfsn ms s^sens t n Siss fne^ * wm w s t fsfness t n n
Minor, f . toSi-seo G Journal of Hellenic studies. * R y i f l n ninm n s s f f îcn nf^f^s t t m c ^ i nr^t >i(A
t n n t f ffac^rs
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Contents
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wttttt f^f^ cmspn ^fs fm ftfttt t^n tsf^ i cffT f R W f R f W w wafft^ftcR wwet? f ? ? f f f T e t iit
t<*t-fip| ( W t t - W t f t ^ j p f - f t o ? t f t ttf t t t ttttts t f t w ^ w t t f w cff title? I ttwf f c f w t r c t ? wtftfg fff
tltt t f t t s t ^ t t t t f t t t t t ^^C W t t - W f W (Wftt f^'^pPt t t t t t t i t j f C W f wtf-ii? t f w t f e f W f W w i f f ?
wfw? W f
W f W tfft-ft?-<jqt t w f t ) CtstR W t f t W ? t W W t f t w<3Wf-it? w f e ? # ? ? W f t fff I ? ^ W f f f t f w
t t t t - m t t?ft3t T I t i t , t t l twc l l t t H , ''{'Ifw, Wt-WQt ( i l J -. *
.) f f t ? wiff w t t ?ftw tf?te?, c?e?f iit wttt fft
tl*jslH'q Wff-tflt W?f fttw tet T I I WW , W f f Wttt T i f w ? t f t "Wvaf-il? i l f t t fffw? ?tft f t t t w W t T
ft#ift cftarsftt ft% f e t t w j 8 Wtt t f f t - W t t - m t i f t t t t t t e ? I t r e Cf? Cf? t w fffe f t e t t , t r i l f t t cftettfttf
Cflsscft (WW tWt-tfl), w f t f t Ttttw t f t "Wft W t ??, ??i i i f t t tif? W t ?e51 f f t ? felt tjitji ( f t f
f?rRltt5'Wt t l f t t Wftts f t f t (WW-il), t t t t t t f t Wf?"' W=wrf-tttf? t f t ft*? t f t 'WtffwiT t f t w t f f t f t W t ?
f j i n i f f w t f I f t?t w - w f f <3 w R - w ^ (twt-ii), w t - f t f t t f f f R - W W T ) ftsw?^ W f t t f f f I Cftt Cftt cftaj ftf'Wt?
t f f t - W f w , f i ? t t f t 'witffgt? t f f t t - W f t , W t w t , ww^ ww^ ftR w r fftift f?t i l t ? wt? t s t f ? te? I
ftftttt t f t ' W t t t f t t t - W t f (Wtl->i)) I W f f tttc?? tif-wfttfi? c t t t f t cfi3t w w f w l i t wrw
W f t Wftt;, wwwt t t t 9m fteft tut f i t , wwwt wftif t f t f i T t - i i ? (^ttw, f t w f f , wtrfft, ww f t ? t f t ,
wftwift ftttww ttwtwtt f i t Iwsm wwe^ ftfitft w t t t f f , tftw, f i w t f t , f W t f , W f t t f ? ) t i e f i f s fft f|5i
f t e f t Cfit f f t t f t ^ w I W'at-cfiarstt (^^ptttt t f t f i r i , W f ? t f t w??r?-ii? ?ift? (w?'Wf, ^ f R W w t f f t ) w ? < 3
w f f t f t f i T i , . f f f t t t f t W t W f Wftrtt f t f t cftarstt' ?sftr tit t t ? i ? tf? "Wf? f W t f f W - f t i f t ? w f t i wtR-
t t t c f w i f f t f f t ^ t s c t , i j t t f f W W e t t Cftt c f i t t t i t c f t 'Wlf f WR-TtW? t f t t t f R ( t s t tt?R-il? tft i t
tg?-fw wt fft I t f f W T C T t w f t f i i c f ? w t f i t f i t <3Wf R W f t wttRi?-ii? Rft W T C f ? wwefieai? t f t t i we? f ? ^
w^sft? t ^ f l w I w r e t t fef <3 t t w t - f c f f i t w ^ ctt3itf? fW^tfef? twtf f ? i ? t c R c f ti?t f?t ?t?tflt (ff Rw
(ttWttt, ftww, t t l W i t f t tftt); W ? < 3 fW WW f Tftt-il wiR-wtff t?f[t-Wff tft t t w t f l f f f f f t ? Ri?fw
f i t wttt t f t f ^ t t t Ws'-flWftf, WW, W ? f H , ftl?t, ^ttW, ?f?tlt?) I ffef? ffef? Cfteat? w t f t t f t R T O S wtwet? w t ?
f t f t t ; f t f t t f t W T W t W U W I W T t e t t i l W f f 'aWf w t f s f " ^ I trwifft-ii? W t f R f i t fT? t r ? ff^ff-iiwfm,
ftti'GW-t t f f f w f ^te f t t t e f ftf t i t I ilt cftarett t?t?Rif ^ f t w ? ftfStf t f f t wt3tffe I ^ t i t t (w? tf?
w f t f ? f f l t s e t t t W t f t f w w e t ? w t f f cftarsftt i?tc wtff tf? f t ? t - i i ? t i f t ? ) f i t W f?i? w t t w r f f Rr?t?
f f ? * w t e t ? r w f ? f ^ f i t I ft?'wt-ii? f w f w w - f f i t wiR-TTsi? W T C f ? f f f t t f f t w ^Rtetw W t f f f fite?t
w t - f f t CfI3I (Tt^WW tf^-ttf?-il? t i f t ? ) , t i f f l f ? ( t i f cfi% (pirate coasts)-il? f W f f f t e i t t j ? f iiWfte t i t
^stlW?) f i t WtlW-? f ^ - f f % W W ? f T?? t f ? "Wtftw? Ctiajft fft W t f W f t w t r i w cfiat, ffcft W W t f t f W t j , wrw
f i t WtlW? tfwet I w?tft-Ttw?-ii?t wwf wi?<3 ttwtttsct f f t f f t c t Rtt%ttw t f w ? w e t wtftt ^ I ?tf^[ft?f
f t ft? Wt-TTW? tfft-ftf?-i!? f?f? W W Cfl3t (WTet? (wtftff? cfiai ^te t t w f .fcf f f % t f f C f ^ ^ t t ? T t f t w w o
t e w t f t e f W t s f f f f f i t Wf ft?? W t - w t W ? cftaj) i f f w W f t ? ?ttlt|'=i ii?i tt??tef? tft f c t f t t f a Rltlt
t?tet? ftftt f i t T W f t ? efwief t ^ f f e f W T w f WfW, ??t? f ? ?1?f W f ^ ? R ? f t t ? # ? i f l t I t t W t - f f fCt<3
w f Wt-Wlttt?-il? t f w w t s t f f s f t f f f w f f t w t t I W f f t t 1 t - i ! ? ^ fff w i f , C?t?RlttW t f t wftf t f ? f t ? t ,
WTCPf? f t i ? C f S f I t T W t l , Wlt-ftt?l, f t t I t <3 W f t t I W T e t ? fi?w t f w t f ? f f R f c ? fti?wt-ii wtw ? R f f f t f t
t e t j f f t t i t j f CWf wt?<3 t f w e t w f t f ? t - i i ? f f c f Wf? f t f w t i R I ii'tiw W T W t i w f f f i ? , cft-eitw <3 ?r?w-wffwj
cttcin? f f f c t f ? i e f f t t # I wfff cftcai? cwetwt f f % t t f c f f l f , f f s f w t n w w?c^ t e w W T C f ? ilftt f t t t f i t w I
o f f t l f f f i i W f t ? tt^'Wt f|'Gii?=icf t f w t f f f ^te c?s? W T C f ? fff R t w R t w f f t ' f f t ? fCttCt t w T ? t r
f f t w t t t t t fft I ctftjfw, www t f w f t t f e ? Wt fft, wrw? t f t i t fit It w fw ??, wrw t^tat ?te i i t t w
W f ? f f c f ' t t f W t w f i t f f f ftffjtt^t'stw: I W f t - i i ? W t R ? f t f W f i R il?l f f f f t t f t f t t t f l f WW??Cf? t f ?
fetfft ft (wifW tittft tfft-ftf? wtTtp w i f f W f f w f i t I c?t f W f t e w w c f t c f ffwffffRfc?
t f f t - f ^ - i i ? f W i f ) t f g t f f c t w f ? Fjwtcf t f t t w t f t f f w r t i f (?) [g.l cftcai? tft i i f f f t t f w t w f W ??
ctii3i? f f f c t f t i e f t t f t t fft I f t w t f f ti?i wi? w e t f i l ? l ? R f ? W?iW?Cf tft-il? tfat f f w RTtJW f f i ??, W W
t t w e t ' t t ^ ' w t e t ? w t f f f i t t t f w aiîtf f^-tfstera f ? wwtt?ti I
t t w f ft^cftt
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aft^-tnntft fctn wtnw "Ttntw mm fn ns^ wtnt nt?t i csmnt nnen ntm ntnns ?ten o n M awi%w wtnf wtfnt ^tfaw
wiAtmn csm cm nsfnwt nt*nt ntn nt i wtmwn nwj mm Atmfin I w m t wtnn mrnw-ân ntt stcn ntmm f n
fntitw nsfn fln mlwn tnn 'wt^n: (ntf ntntmn cmeain) i wtmn Atet nnsm nnrnn s>fscvsf|n mi mfwt catcsn nft^
^mnwtn m^'wtsi * Rntntn nftw wtmwn fistn mi cm csstn igRew wtnw ^ I TFcn wtmm ntf wrfn-ân fnemf nmf^
cmc3jn wtmcnn tf^mft cmft wtnftwffTF-<iin fnnnsi (ntf Atnt can i wcnss w t wtea ^b-fhab- nten nnrnn wtnn
wt*ntn) fftn <in twtffn c m ^ fness ci^^ttcnn Scan mm ntntwaa cntatnms awjfn fnnm tsn wtfA-c^ ntf wtfn-ifin
ntn I ^ftw wtcA, cnt cmStn cntc<(>st ^'mnn-â wnf|w mntw fnmew fnmam mn ^rinntfln i wfssawtes 'SntnfmA tsn fnsm
cn% f < n f w n sws fln i nfms n t t w i R w ftwftTF-<fts cnwtnn-<i)n mmm ms nsRntfIn i in ?rtfn-ian f ^ (tos/toiro) as
mn ntn nsnw wtm c^ntn " J ^ C ^ wtfnmcA i mtnn niniw-<iis
ntf wtfn wtms Rpcw RestA ssffsttin i asmff nnenn catfm
cnswtciin ntn fnsntci Scan w t A S ' f f - m m , f n - ntmm fW-fnsjA, nfafnw wtnn ntf'wm cnwt m n ' ^ t f n wmn
nf% wtmntn), f-n-^twtsn * wttn i wtnn Smn-ias artntn wm-'wifwft fnA Atsis an ntf wtfn-iits cnm wm-wtAmt^rân
fcfn tR>Ain tm ^tcw wfswn m wtm mn i mnfnns * mmen fn*af% mw nsen i ff? aapwt atffmrnnmt. wtm fstnm
m^stcns nftw wtmcnn wftw nncnn msfttnfA W a ^ Aîtsi ac?, ff?inw nan wtnn o^mm (wmm ntf "wi-n
'wtnfn-nstnn cmcam nRw wtmenn m^ mittens Scan nt'sm nftw f^ ^ ^ ) fAtitfenn wfen Hb/'b%<\ mm an mfts cateat
ntn I wimcwn oinwin ntn ntwtn/ni%n f ^ nRnt S ^ w t An i afnaw ^ i wtmm fAtatfenn wamsen f s t wn?t Atsifin
wtfn ntntw io/ôi men tnnm mt ^Rntfln i vast wtmrn W i i s men fsmt t f n fnftn-vas amwn * f'gm
{i^j)-m w ? i wTAtcnn cmtntt fnestAsfn witns-^ nwfa nfsw nsf?^ nBntnfn wm nîea m f tin i A S mfn-ân
' S ^ t f ^ - ' w n - ii/tooA nten wfnms nnn ^fenflcnn i amcns atafnns ^n i o i / i A o afs wtmt (fntrnn-ân) cwstm
io/to8 men n%in 'Snm (m) ^ntw wfwfcn catfnw ftnten afwfet mw nsfnntfin i tf? asnff w n fAtatfens
Cnmnen* wtnn-îm-ff? cmss f ^ i wtnn ntsiw-.an ff? ntnms Statewn cn faffssf^ atamt wnn^ nsm Atsifia, wtstew
cm^ nnm ^ w ann nnfw âmmftenn nem fln wm ff? wfAtennes? ff? fnens wm W r f aw^cnn najwt ffmn ^mncw
ntams cm^ fnnn nnn nscs i mm cnteSn San wtmcnn f n ^mfln I nnnfenn afw wtsn-ian aapwt Smst tens awens m^
w ntams cmnst w r a wjta n>(smf|a i nsens? ntnn f c ^ asm w n Atm ntwttn i Sntmt amenn cammca camemaf 4
tnmn 'Snrn-â c'ltflmfîmfln i tAmnnsaf^, 'Smn-ian amns ^tpfwissft wmn'^'Cnftm'st wtmt (fntntens Smmt) nwns
nn ntf i^Tinmn (fAm->an wfsntf ntf m'wtfsn) cntataiw wit ,ntnn tnn nisjis-van tnentfnwt nsfnntfin, ntmn men wtf
wmnnn 'wmn-^gn n t f wm-'wtftns caicara mftw t f n fnla*i-van waaR wemâttn fan ? t m tin i ntf wtfn * tnfn
mfnns wm- 'wtiwffn cnw^fn cntw<j3cnnw5Jcsnnnmsnft ^ astfw wtnn nnrnn * Smnrt atnenn fecw
wmtm cateam nft f s t aifn fln i n f m stew b-Ms* men fnegtA ssfnm wtnsi%ns W fatf ^ I am vat nnen nnm ste
'wtnn tsfn-'wm (m) fAm cafnw s t e ^ ânt wiAm ntAtenj wtfw tsfft nsfff^ 'Smn-van wnan mo^ fft ste mf^ i
mww wtmens ^nwt f<feten atiw^ ^Rcw n ^ An i mff-w i^nj<\8i> men fstwn amns aRmn ntf-^s[mnmn -answn nnm
ffmn as f r o fnnm W I A I C W wtai a l H t nsRn m% wmn wm-întmn t f n mn'^nens (tntfnmitenn) ann tnm fnntfgw
a ^ a n s a nsfnew mm ^ I ? R I ffg iiZ-MA mtm t^Rnt t f n w t ^ n I fwfn i8/i(j-i men wtfn 'wrssm-van cnmaR atfnn
wtf wtAn ffgiA canntenn nw nnn nsRenn I ntf i f m f m wcnss t f n fnmnm nR fcw fnA An i annff ntnnfn cm?nn wm
ntnn "mn ^nrn-ian <as5s^ wfnaR nftn i n f n n "Ssnm (m)-tgn f s t fcniaff fln irnnmatt m 'wtnsrf nwns-ian wfen fln ff?
ammm^'wtsstn t f n "wtsn tf*pi-^flfmatnnsn^Rwm:s4}Aa msntM fnwit entaten nr^-^prtfm tntfnmjm ncm fw-fnaA
nscsn I fwRtoV^btonten tntnmm aifnfteiin nft fe^ ntm m f ^ atffw I cssnrn ntf ^pTtnm wtAiens fens amn ^mm
mn I wtms faiw m f n fnumtn wtAm'^ntRfn^ ^ e n n i fnsafw^ ssfncw nest tin i wncacn iii/'is> men tmtn'mt
wncacn wm A W s - i a n nnen 5tfâe^ ^^î^wten *Smn ^ e w w f vinswn fwn misnsf* tmn fnsmn ^^fnn i wwgan
sfA*is nsm nsn A S lant m\M^ ' j n ^ a^mn wfen wtm A S I mn'smtsTft tnmenn nnn câen afnnw ^ i wtAtenn am
wmn 'Snm-ian n^ ntaj^ CBJISS ^rena afswrta nsfnnt. nnscnt tntAmm cateam flenn i Aoo/b-88 nenn an wrsm
too-toi/toife-vo mtm nnnrn nnfw ân nscs i watR fffm fnn I ntf ^^prmms faimtwta
waann nnen wrsn * tnms-van
wtmens 1f^n?aiss<?itnsfi^*wtntn?lfAmf*intf^, cnatenass^f nem cmSln f w ? m t m af%n i Aii/bs>o nen ntf ntm tsn
tnmf ffscw
t . f S .
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Sfelr
fwrar t r o f k f ? f ? f w W T W f ? ttromf t f q n w r t - ioVHife-?o??8/VOb--fe WCt? t t t t t f tl?fww wc? I t r e

f'WtffTT-m ffet oTTWTT? WCTtt I t ? T f f "WT? ct? W f ? Wafft-il? t t f w t t t w t f f f WTOt ttwWCt? ftfcwc
W??T? t?? wtff? ? b - o / l r f e O t c ? ?T??t??-il? " W ? ^ t w f ? , WCWtfe ?t?llC? iltl t?t w t t f f f C t ? f t t t t ttw?lt ?e?l? i i f
fJTTWt t?? f?-il? t f f e f W i ft? ?? 1 ? b - ? / b - H ( J - tc?? t ? wfe f f t f f f W f f ? I
?t?>8?T?I f??t? t ? i f ^ t t l t C t ? wtfwt? ?tt, f f 5 f Wiwct? W t w f f f i t 8 ( i ) t i r f , wtttf Tft-?:fftW, i ? f t l , tltlt i 8 ;
fit ftfe 1 (?) Brockelmann, S 1. 210; (o) F. Rosenthal, A
f f f # t 8 ( i ) w-fTO w ? t t w ? f f ? w w t t t w f f f i t History of Muslim Historiography, i o i , io.^-8,
t w ' f e w f ?nttwtwf?t, m wwTwttw f f w c ? ? 'w?c?? 8off, f t f f w i , 8>bff; ( 8 ) M. Canard, Histoire de la
ttfwt, Wtft->8-W?? o o t W?Tr?T, t W T . H. Klein, Dynastiedes H'amdani des, WttfstWf ifeffi it.,
Hamburg ifeov (?) t ? f t - W t f t , W t - W t t ? t W ff?-WW?, il I
W>|tttf Escorlal 1698, ?oH, o i 8 , t . , o?fft.; (vs) t??
F. Rosenthal (E-L^t/vs. ???M f i f t ^
f?r?t, t t l w i f (Wustenfeld), ?b-H f.; (8) Wt-?ItWft,
1. ffi-(2-?, ? i i ; (a) Wfw, i t . , 8<J50-<J58, ? t . , i S b - , i b - H , ^ s r t W - ^ K ^ ( c 5 J j V I 8 WfT-rn Cftf? Wt itcw W T
OHH-lbr, ObrH, (J-80, brSO, brV<i), O t . , >53l, O O o , 8 t , Obnla, t f t w , w t w c f ? w f t t f w t r t f w i l f t t f t f f t f r o i i t ?tct
a-c^?, bff8; (^b) t ? f t - ? ? t t t , W t - W t ' t t t . (Klinke- fffffe t i t I fft?T?tt fftc? f r r ? ! ? f f f a ^ t ? ? t f ? r t w f ?
Rosenberger), % ? ? , ? 8 , ? f f ; ( H ) W w - w i w f t , i t . , H8b, sf?c^ wiwibHi t w ?ttic? I
Hffo, iHC^fe, i f e H I , ifeb-o, ? i V H , ?vSHtr, ^^8^0; ( V ) W f t f t \ Wfttft'sf (E.1.2, Suppl.)/^tTa?tt?
i ? t . , 81-ff8; (fe) t t ? Wf, i / ? t . , i i , l^b, V o t . ; ( i o ) L. wrtw-^srtf^ (^J3v I) t t w ^ t t ? t t ^ t f t t ? ttw't^
Forrer, Sudarabien nach al-Hamdani' t f ? WTWt t f ? w t t WTf t t ? - 1 f w t - f t f (ifefe-^lrV
"Bescheibung, der arabischen Halbinsel", Vi8-feff), w f t f f t f ^ ; Wtffc f t r o w f t t t f I feft ?8>b/b-'bo
Leipzig 1942; ( i i ) J . Wellhausen, Reste Wct f ^ w t w c t ? ftf?iCf W<3TO t f ? 'wttftw?? fWfttfw
altarabischen Heidentums, Berlin 1897, ^. ?>!5, r r I ?ffff->b/br>!5fe-io WCt ilfTO feft W f f ^ r r , fc? f r f r t
hS; ( i ? ) C t t f , Skizzen und Vorarbeiten, Wft? WT I ^ffb-/b-1i-i5. WCt'ft%t w t w c t ? f t f f C t ? i # I ? ? iltl
. itrVfe 8 t . , i o ? , W f t f i V f e f e , >bt., ? 8 t . ; ( i o ) Cttf, WWSf? WtTO f?C?? twwcf?t f t f fCt f f f W ??; f f i ? f t
Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz, t t t t f i f e o ? f f 3 ffft ctt fct f W f i c t ? I Cft? t ? f t f f t f W ttffCt ct
'^.,'J. >bo, i o o t., i 8 o t . , i L 8 b - 1 . ; ( i 8 ) IVIax Freiherr ttc? ffft tcft^ f t f ? fWffftf tlct? iltl twttc? f r c f
V . Oppenheim, Die Beduinen, ii, Leipzig 1943, f t f f t - f "tTS t t f w WtJiffe ? W ?tcwc? i fwft Wfftftct?
8 8 i , 8 8 ? , o t . , t W I . W. Caskel, Wiesbaden 1952, t?ttc? ?f:w?fcf>s Cfffe ?t?itlct?, w r w ^b^vna-b wct
f i f f , feb- I wl?TO sictf wtaptt W f t t f i t I
G. Strenziok (E.1.2)/v5. ^ i i t w f f *?wR, Ttf?, f f f ? ftWtwraNS fff^w fict? I
w t r Wft ?TTf?tttftw tftct-s f r ? tww fit I ftft Cfi cw?
WftW-'^lH^ ((^jjVI) 8 W f Wftffwt W f t t t f T f T W r
f W ? f t f - f f w f t f c ? ? CTO ffc?tf t l c t ? I t r o W T f - w f f
t f T t f t t t ? t f t - f " i f f t , w^fft-ii? mm >^tw?ttff, f . t r o Wif T i f f t ? twTO f f f t ? fc?? I t t f t ? i f
oo8/fe8ff->!i WCt I W t - W t f ? m f ? ^ fcf w t f t t ^
?IttfW ffft w f f f t W t T ? fbtC? ffcft tcWTt f ? t fC?? I
ttwftt t?? f ^ T w t t?? w f t w t - w t f ' f m w w f f ?Mt fwft WC?f fCf? fbffW I ctt?(i) tfWT? WT?"ftfft-
f f f w t l c t ? i l t l ft?!? ilt f f t t w tc? ?? C f t t f f 'Wtttct?
f ?Wt?; ( ? ) ffWft-ff ?iW1; (o) tfT? WWfft-f ?WT?;
# ? f mm f t f f e ?ttifl=i w-offt-ii? f ? i t f ? t c f a c g f f f w t ^3
( 8 ) tf1ft-t?'ftWW f f t - f ?W?; (ff) Wtt-W?f" f f t - f f f ?;
wftfct? ftwStfff tffWt-ilft f t f ftiw ^ t t w ^ t f - ^ t f
(h) tfWft-Wtt>a?1t ?Tt-Wtlf; (1) ff5W|ff-frf'W; (b-)
f C ^ I C f t t fftw? f c t t?t? f f f t t f ? ^5tcwf?Tff?PT?tWCf ffWtft-tlW 'WtTO-tifftfj ( t ) (Wwttff, C W f ^ , 8?b-);
W T O WCWbW t W C f W W TO I tc? ?? t w t f l t l f l f WCtJ?
(fe) w i t - t t ? i t f ; ( i o ) ffswft-fft; ( i i ) W'Gtiftft-f^trai;
t c t i t f w ? ^ f i t , w t t t t tbftb? t f w t f f r a ? f f t f c ? w w ( i ^ ) f f s w t f t - f T O ; (io) fietift ftTO; ( i 8 ) t f W f f - O f ' W
TO I w^sfft f?c?? t f i f ^ l f f c f t ?mS?tff t f f ? i t t i w f f f t ( i f f ) fCtf t i t f f w t Q t f t f f f i
W T W f i t i l t fftc? f f w t f f t t f f I t w c w
t t w f tffCfIt
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WW
W R H a ^ R f C t 7 R ft%Ro % f I Wtms m^g^fa fwfn mfntesm fsmsss ftmes tnentfww A n 1 f t ntnn an cnt
w!A"5rm wR-fARm t s n m f n (A'tv-oov/b-t!.i-t!.8t!.)-vas mt a m m f m n fwfn nnscm ann s^csn fitness awns mmn
1
ara^tew m m s t m m m s i n s s f tsfw^ c n n r w cnmew wtms tsstttn atm (^. Hammer Purgstall, 8a., ioto a.)
a ^ s t e w m s t S ^ cn-sm s s (5. t s f n - w t f . b a h , nt., n t nnnentcw ntnf&w m ntnfnss w^îtcn fnsw sten ' w t n f mntA
i i o ; t s n m s s , s n s s i m , b a h , S.^., a i - A , i 8 b - , ^SH-S, (fnfn mcst mcst wtms afwfnffsiea sstw nsRntflcnn) wtstn
000-8), f s e t n n # m wtsis f f m n w s s t t n n - ^ n w t n (wnjai 'Sf fsnf^^ts wwtenn wm a n f j w A ^ ânt tsm w ^ w t nest
ffsfs 5 f c ^ nnnem n t , f . a ' l ) s s i i n ^ t s n w t n ' m n (5.) ( i o i f f / i t o o t o - t ) WtAtess
lanswn fmstca gmte nntn w sn 1
^ f s 3 n s f t ^ AS, 5. Ch. Pellat, al-And.-'^ 2f^tf*tw, is>/i ' w t f a f t ff^tlt wnnmn 'aaf-'an fnêw nfsmfnw wfwnren
wtsm a t t n f n nstsfntean fnrnnâ i o A o / i t o i i - A m e n
5r^n# s ( i ) w i m f t , . f n n ' ^ ; ( A ) m n ' ^ , -spiw, f n n ^ ; ( o ) WtAtem wtRntemacnn fm an amn mn A S mm. fsstsns wtAtn i
' i T w ^ m f m f , w t f t n , ^ n . , ^j. Ab-8-s.o; ( 8 ) ntAtft, - ^ - w t w , fswsscnn wm ttf%at<a sten f w f n est wt^na nsesn, w t s m n^cn
^ n . , i v o ; (ff) t n g n - ' t m n , t t n i m w . A t . , i i v ; (to) t m n , . ôTAtess mfntess n n f n n s m sn 1 wnti entaten fwfn ma
m m t n ^ , m m . n t f t n , o n . , i t o v - b - i ; (<^) t n n mnfn, f m w , f . ioAo/itoiS a # wn?tn ssesn ânt wat "stew mm Rmnssnea
S.A-0; ( V ) m ' f w , S m m , ton., i A s . - 8 o ; (s.) f f , mtnntnm-mnf tmfn nnn nscsn 1 ât ^m^%^ aen fwfn 8 ntns mnw wfsflw
^ m n - f S l f t , W f . M. Canard, % ioH-h-; ( i o ) f f w f , f f n t , flenn 1 tsts an wrmess fnnm acnt'sfne easn n s m AS i latsm
i S . 0 ; ( i i ) Brockelmann, 1 # f ^ i , A'to 1 wtsm ^ ^ n ^ AS nnsem 1 w w g t n ntf'S^-mf iooo/csg^-mf
Ch. PeUat (E.I.2 SuppD/Ant^n m n i t o A i nten fwfn wtntewtfnsm n m f n ^ fnrnnss an ms w n lant
ntf'Sn-wt'G'snm ioo'i/ncwgn itoA't-^ n^cmnmew ât ten
WT^TS (Azov) t t S w f -anw, viniF, wjtnw t w n t n , n m
fnestfew A n 1 tfwnesj f m-nsn'm iooVen't. itoAo ste fwfn
wrnsp, m^ n i n (wnntmt w t f . ot!.,b-oo), n . n . t S e m f t s
fnsm csnn annn nssnf aen ( n t ^ ) wfnfiiw flenn m 1 ctem^
wtn. m. m. m. w t n . (cmlwcnw n i f t m ) - n w f ^ , w n n f n
tnftew fwfn ma wsncns wm tnentfww flenn 1 nrnmrn
f l n n f f , n f n cniAm * w m w m n e s s f n f 5 ^ n t n m w , w r s f n t
ioov/>afan-cn itoAJs-â wtmc^ fnsm a n ^ w t A S ânt
nsfss iot!.<? n. g R o ; ntf%t * ^fs^ nntnaOT w f n m n nên; i'tos.
t^tfcnn ^Frmmfnnn nnfSm ntnjt tfmnn (mn^-'snfA)-'^ casa
* i'1'18 f . n r f s wfnssts sifwfilw A S \
n s m AS tsm y w n nest w t A m f'jT ne5 (Ato tmm,
I 1
m t m ffêsnn i n . , A O O
io8o/oo mf, i t o o i ) cntfnm mnsfcw wtsm f A ttew wfcs
I
'srtni^ mtt?I (Sea of Azov) s WTf. i 8 o o o S'f n t t n , wtsm cnt tfttmcss wtffms wtmess AS 1
m s R n s m
^mness STA ^ a m f mnt 1 cst^n-wn-^, wtmnsn, nsfn menf 'wtnf ntntA wtsm f snm ( ^ R w t nt^nn),
nmtnw, n n f * ntnfnmn^ a s m n m s 1 wnm-v5n am f n f f s A'ontn rnnsf-nrntA * "s^mf ( s ^ f ) ^^ffms wm anR wwn nsesn 1
w t n maenn -^w^ nff s t m e A 1 mfn^ (Manych) a m mm wtms S^snffncnn Rf5 fwfn ^ff 'Smn atsimnica afnff 1 wtsm
wtnw m a n * nnnfamn m a n ntf-s; - ^ n t n nât t i n 1 ^ n * -fnim n s n t s f am nfg a f ^ st 1 f^grmen fwfn 8000 ntams
n f mm i f n - ^ I ' s n ^ a ^ n t m ftmn 1 m'gfnfn n^fnw m ffnm nrfâw a?fam ntfîmrnn1 ât nssn
mtmRtems ia., A o i mRf^tew f w R 'SAC ftm* ntemn ^^fnnte^ ât a?tntnf5 ffrs 1
' r t n ^ "fW^ ( j i j j_j-j-c) g f f w r m , ' S ^ m f "stmrnn wtms n ^ m n f s csnnf^ wmmfn f w AS ntt w | s i n

I I
fnf*tt n s n t S t f n m g (?ta^ 1 ^ t t m e n m e n f men afnfSw 1 i a W T Sms fnw M^'t^ afsf< nrncntbnifnns wrnnens cmarwt
m'nm, JS'IVAO w t f n t f , iano men t^tfenn warssf^tw men 1 'wtnf ntntA a f w f n r n m n mntA a?ff afwtc^ n A m
n t s n r g n - n t n t w w ^ w f A t w n 1 wtmn f a m n n m ' w t n f f n w fninnm (i<fAo-toto %) nrnffw c w ff^s nftw ntRs
. l i K w f I fwfn f % 3 n 8 < fsm->i3n f a f n t ^ w * n m t n w f ^ t ^ i^nt ncA tms wstw f s n s T n f tnfnseas aentwn (wm'w ^ a c w f
I
- a f t nesf mm e n a ^ * wfstnns ( f . t!.t!.o/i<tvA) 1 ' w t n f aâm, t^tfcn tms m^ m^tnfa n t ^ WTCA, nt A A V S , ^

ntmAanfwnrnsv&fwAtfnnsm'ffn t5.1->i3n m a f l e n n 1 twfn w t t n Gow^to) am ntftem wtms n w s cgt R H n WtAts fntiwtw
w s m n . w n -ant >&fwAtfn^ aennrnn a t w wtstn f f t n wtatiAs a? I tms >ass1t m>fnfa tT|cns m f f w t ntteafe ntfftw
wnr fwfn WtAtn m ' f f e n n f n f e nrf 1 t^tfens A t ^ wtcA (nt *;;) 1 nwens fftt fnSfwntcn w a s m^ m^fnta
a t ^ - ^ a s m f n t m n fwfn f m n f n n f l e n n , f f ? i o i i / i t o o v o nten ( O r . i i t o S i , f . Rieu, c^to a . ) n f ^ wtCA i SAtCW cnnstw WTCf
tnmf Racsnn
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ffoo wlt?1#t
wrr m, wra m f t tr^ftifti I f c i i H I C o ( N a t i o n a l tftw flistCt?, t f f tft iltt tffew t ^ W Tt, WR f f f ilftt
WHt
bibllothek) T^FS wTC? tT?fDo cfwr i^sft taj <ft?ilc? (f. G. fcf? ffe^ Tt wffi fte?? I f t f t t ? twft c w t fw?
Flugel, Wftm i, ^'Jsff), f. Hammer Purgstall. 8f. we? WWf ftfe? wwftr ? i t ? f r ? ?ffw wifwt?icf ttt
(ibr^br), br 1 1 ^ I i t w f c f t w f t t (wt) fwwtw ftfewt, "wi?R??"
4ff1#t 8 (i)CT^-TOt?WlWt^,TTlttfR-Tlfltf, IWIF t ^ tw "wt?f ^ 1" wwgt? f t t ( w ) f5i??t fife
i^'bV ft., ^. 1^Sfe t.; (?) ftlftif-t 'S?V||f, ? f . , io>S t . ; (vS) ittf ?tc*w I
n%Ft, CroWIW, ? f . , tWtlpr i?vVH ft., iOff; ( 8 ) J . V . rff#t 8 ( i ) f'^Wlt Wfet? 4i 8 o ? ; i i Ife I i
Hammer, GOD, o f , ( i b r o i ^ . ) , ? i 8 f . ; (ff) Gibb. Wt!ntt??IttJt5.; (?) M.Wolfl, Muhammedanische
Ottoman Poetiy, ot., ? ? i f . ; (b) Brusall Mehmed Escatologie, i i f., ifeffi, ibd; ( o ) wW-tT?lf,
Tahir, Othmanli Muellifleri. ? f . ( i o o o ft.), oii f . ; W l f - f ? ? I f t - f t t f ? l , W W . L. Gautier, H f.; ( 8 ) WW-
( 1 ) Hammer Purgstall, 8 t . (ib-?s> <f.),fe?fe-i)spfS ftsfl^, *WtWtfR-ttWf, Leiden MS. 538 warn., f 26
fs}w(3 ftft5P5? wfwt^-m t f tftil%tsfttr ftftw I f.; (ff) Wtf-WTWft, i f . , b-i; (b) W W - t l f ^ , i f . , ffi; ( i )
F. Babinger {E.I.2)/fTfmtsn^tf tf?pt-Wttt?, i f . , ? o ; (b-) Wlt-tfW? Wfft, W i f f t - t l f t
(mm i ? b ^ ft.), i t . , O'b; (fe) WI?-W'Wf, tf tTTt-Wt?ft?l
*^5ft^ 8 (g. f?tftlt)
(ft?ie?T i?feo ft.), ^. ? o , ?i'Js; ( i o ) Wit-fftf, Wlt-Wl?tt,
'^HlfllSfi ( j . ^ j j > ) 8ffj?(?R:tfwmtm,etftwtftm W f "bfe; ( i i ) fW*1^1? t t t wtft? W t - W f f f f , ffWt^-Wftw-
ftftfwtt (ftttîri, f<M9f<=i, t f f r f t '>4)it5)i4f*i) wnwf I wtff, W W . Huart, i t . , i i f f , ^f., ^ i 8 ; ( i ^ ) wlt-tlwft
^ ^ w i w (o? 8 i i ) TOTtft-ft^w w f i f$Bi cfctfwTt tcgf WtW-Wl?ftf, t f f f t f f - W t t f ? , f f f W . ft., i 0 8 f.; ( i o )
ctf? OTft tm, C S f t # t t Tttftf) C f C t f W T f t t ^ t^tK? Bodenschatz, Kirehliche V e r f a s s u n g der
'MI1lt*r (8 8 J1) ' f f t ' ('Js 8 'bi) i t fi?<RT t l f T O ' S heutlngen Juden (Erlangen 1748), iii 93, ( i 8 )
1 ifewt fait i f ftft wmc f f f f w tftapCT Eisenmenger, Entckles Judenthum (Konigsberg
'Wt-ftff "wiw' ' W t t - f f f w T W ' t m f t t f t c f t tT?R, trtt 1711), L, Chap, XIX, ii, 333.
# t t f t t f l f f t f ^ Crottwr I f t f f T R t C f C t f W t t t t?fw^ f t w f f f t C f t ?
C t t t t f ^ t f W C t ftftelflw? t t f t ? t s c t t ; f f f t tft 155 wtffet
((_yij j l ) 8 t t t f f ? Wtf ttf? t ^ t t W ^
wrr ts^gt I tre f f t t t t T I , "wtftif mtiaj f f j t cfBifsr
wtt-'aW??lf, f l ? f f f t I Ethe-ii? tew f f f ff?i/iio?-oo
tcTT, t? cfctfwT i t ftew tfetiftfw i tffft t t n wtlttt? W i i w ff?8/iioo w e t t t f f f i t f e ? t I f f f f w w f ? ' t w t
f w *wtt?1^>s wtett t t f t t ftr? ffJ? ^ I f t f f f f W t fj??ie?f (eiT? W f t w , i i f f f.), f f f fff%wwte?
cfpfwi?t wfftft cstitfwf? # ? I fret? f w t , ei? If?ft 8'!jff/io1?-oo w e t ? f c t t t ? t W f t t fC?? 1 f f f ilflt f ^8?t?
wetf^wtt(ftwH Off 8 i) wtc? twtt wtft?? wiefcf f r f
f e w f t f w e w WTC w w t w ftett? tf? ww (ft?f ttftf
w f w %f tfwew tfisj f?b?t fc?? I f s t t i 'wtftt^^s twjtfRt
f W f ? tC?)-iI? t w f ? f f t t ft? f t ? w i t f W l f t W t >Q
iifWR cfetfW I t t f f fcat ft'8 tfttrtttfc? fgj? f s
tfs?wt-ira f t t W f f ? fpjwt? f i t t f [g.]-ii? f a w t f w ? ft?
'wi^ptîa? w t f t w , W f f t ? <3 #t??gt fttf t m t ^ e t f f f
t???<( ft>s?t tt? I ttt e f f ?t f t 3 t wtftef f r ? ilftt w t t t wfc^ftwft?pif?ww^^?ie? I f T ? ? t f wwti?t f t f w
wtess WM fw? i t f ttft w ftffw, fw? W f ? w ?f?we? Ifw'wltfCTa t w ? f f t ; f r ? ^tftt ?f'iifif f l e w ,
c?e?i^ cfitet? t t j ? f ctf? t f ? I ?<1wwe? f r ? ww W f t f f t f ? f t ? f f ?w WCfi? ?Ttfte? w w f ? f t f t ^ w 'Q
wwra we?? t c f f cttt t i t ; f r ? ' B i f t TWI? WW wte? it??, ttw flaw f t w t J t T e t ? sJW? ^tcw f f f f w t c T t I t T w t m w
fft? ftiTt? w t f f I #?? ??t ftfew ffw Cftt Cfit tftw tc? T l , T t ^ f t f f t w t n w f ?f lc?t ? w f W f t i f f f f
cweai f w f t wttflf T? ii??,wif[i?f ftefef ftft? t f i e t c t t fttfttt-WW? Wf? ilftt wftt f f W1fff?If <3W-flff?It
W t t wtfa^ fct? I Tife? f t i ( W l ) t m i l t ? ilftt ff??t ft?t ftWlttlpTt I
f t f f t f wte? I f t ! (wt) eeftiwew 'wif?i^ct? iiftt cetf a t f f i t g ( i ) 'Wl'Sf, fW?, ? t . , br^f.; (?) W>8Ww ft?, i ?
ctwwtw ffet 'ît?if*i wift?? f f f t wftif f c t t I w t ^ f ; ( o ) f f w l f Wl?if, W T ? WfTW ( t W I . f T t f f ) , 88, i i o
f r ? ceiet? wwttff wtfl t f ? t ? 1 ffet? i i t i f t i (wi)-ii? fic? f . (Wf. Browne, i ; i o - i ? f f ^Q tff^); ( 8 ) wtf, W T t f W t ,
t t w f IfSeftf
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Contents
wmra ' I , ( W f . Massej iSA); (a) Houtsma, Recueil, wtn-fntf (f. oeo/s.toi)-c^ stmn w n (fnfn tAtew fwnft nta
it., i 8 t; (to) Ethe, Gr, I. Phil.,At., Attb-; (l)Browne, fwn w t i ntentwn nsenn) 1 wftnrs nr^-n >at trMtt
At., O A I Wustenfeld nswf f^ Atstfit, Die Chroniken der
H. Masse (E.1.2)/fAW tvtgfn Stadt Mekka, it., Leipzig 1858 1
( ^ j jVI) s WP|n-*t%f f A T W tnn

wtnnrf% tat a? fAtmn tfnt f A t n s " win-nnff% W T f .
A'lA/b-b-* nten fnewn n^mntet stwf nsfnntflcnn (g.
NsnsfetA ^ wifnm, nfna -m nnt * Ainm ttftwn tRAtn
n t n ^ I wit^ R m f wnnr wsfft wm-Atts^ tsn snmnH sift
Wustenfeld, op. cit., i, xxiv-xxix and ii, i) 1 ntfftn
(wfr, mnntnSIn) wJn^ ^fRmn ât ntetn fnfnnn i wiAin ^
ntfaiA tfn'Smn t n w i t f t wtf. n^bî^î men wtms
n<%r % ntnm Rfn "wH-wlnntns'" ( j ^ j V i ) men mt^fA
fsnlfn-Wimn (f. Relu, Supplement, nr. 575) sttncn
Atc^-t I tnn 'wtffnn-mnn->an n-^rnne (trnffwin, fmmf s.)
vat sfi nrnmn nsRntflenn 1b - A i / i S i b - men wtn-tfsntft
ftmts wiftft m^ nem ^^fsntcsn (ntfmt, nbfnw '^^s^twfss
fwfn fnmn t f n wtfftn nrm fmsiiwfnmAwn i v/^ô men
wft^ wnemenn nnn wif-mtnmns- nmnft (n)-'iin f^^tfnen
nsfa, Ahlwardt No. 9752) 1
nsfnm mrnffss sn ^ t n^ nnftew îftmcs nnntn ^^fncw wins
axtit 8 wtn-wtfntft stncsf W * s. s ( i ) tsn ^'wtnm,
Handbuch, i o i ; ( A ) wtntft, o t . , A o i f f , A * ( o ) tntm,
w n I WTAtn nttnnnn fnenn twTn-3twnf% wwn * wRwtw
wrem f. wtn-wtnntss' * fmnrt Sfn 'wtw wtfn-^ntfn
Smnri ntetn nft RntA ntf'ttnn nênn i fns ntet we^ ^ti wtn-wtfstft sim:^; ( 8 ) f. ffAR?, i i A ; (<J) ntf'wtft, Ab ns;
cmn n#mn Setet win-wisî4% nttnnnn ntf mf9i< (to) Brockelmann. S. 1, AoS.; (to) J . W. Fuck. Der
ntetiv|w tmn cmatvi^ nfnm fnewcffn t f n M fncw wins Ahn des Azraqi (Studi Orientgdistici in onore di
w n I tnmif w n nsinn tmntenn nmsnn 'JnRm aifs ^ m G. Levi Delia Vida, i, 336-40) 1
Sfkn ntf fnfwm wfcmnaên wtn-wmntc^'n nttnntt tntntff J . W. Fuck (E.l.2)/cms w ^ wttntn:
fatnen mmm w ât mfn fea cn, win-wtfnf^' "wifn
wr|Trf%'^5r^5 ( O L c j j i ) s sitescn nf^ Edrei ntm
tn^-mtfsA tsn wtff ttfnn->an f3j I fwmt ttfniff ntwtfnntcnn
iflss^wn mtm flenn i nfnten ms'wt (Der'a) nten tfsfsw 1 tm ntfntn stew i o t o
wtn-wtnnTc^'n mm sfc%3!n f a wtA'ntn tnn fAtmn
ffentfntts nf^ct m^stc^tn stmn t ^ 1 nfwr f^ si<ivis wtsn
* nnffns nmnff %rt cntm tms w n ^ nfnm fcf tAsft nn
tnfnn-ni#n t f n 'S^m (f. AAA't-o'i) [5. t f n m'n, e t . ,
vstoi; wtn-fnff, wnnis5Tt-tiff tsn, it., aaa; tsn Atwts,
* cenn wm Rmtw fln I tm nfftt ttmtemn vansft fA, m w
* ntf^t%ns ntWifcsn âssft t s ^ f < essg t i n I vftitfnfts fswens
wt^fts, it., tis.] I fwfn n^ Atstn tfte?Fn tffs wfnmen
1
wiatt flenn f^Rttn tfn'Ssinm, f S F s t m'fn t f n ntfnn, nnftA
fcf (f. f. I O A ) mfnfss * tnsttenn nem vat tssftn wffmn
ntm fnmn "^w 1 c w c w tfsw njR tAte^ wtmsm '^fwwess
wtn-mf# mi m ^ t f n 'wtnfns-ntA'mn wtn-'wtms * wmtm
Sf%f5tw *wtftt nfnnt nnt^ ^^fnnte^.i f ^ f n A i b men
nmsrft ste sip stinR^ wtjifn nsstA'^fsntflcnn 1 wtsjn cfta
wt^-*m%! v& wtnfnn fwRw mi fwn wtntn ntentwnfnf
Batanea-ian mwntft Adraa wSts Antiochus-'an ^ t w
fntrtw wrtmnsnt^ ( < ^ ji_î)axsttnn w n i wtmn ât A S I wwstn tmnrmDenn mm wfsfw sn 1 tAm ts tm esrmn
1
^^c^ nfê#tw AtftAsftew stmnw t f n 'wtnstn (m)-ii]n nmnw s>vîften wten i o t o f . ?te tAtcss wtns ifim^r^ w A S i
* WtAts afns wrsp%ss stfwn^nn nftntcA I f f n ttnntnen Adraa wrsenn <iinswn fntctn wtmnstet
n w tnntnfn fctn Smtitnfnss tfAm stne^ fwR t f n ttntf=tw sn I toio wtm tois f . tmfnnstt nmnîtnenn f s s ^
tfA'iS'', win-<Mffl * *niAn t f n fntntnA-'^n S^fw fnme^ 1
tfsm wRntn^ten tAsft wnemn w lantSîP wtsenn wntitcsn
1
wtfn-'am%nn ifita^ttln stmnw ctetifn^ Rnnt n # i w t fwfn mttnsfn i^tn^^fsm cnn (wtntft, i t . , i o o < j , i o o ^ i ) ftwsen
aitiR 'tt^' wtf fAtmn tnst^ t f n wtAnm wtn-fmf [%mn fcs wtsln'wt iiig,f Stfncnetn ânsft c ^ tin 1 ntf mfm ctta
(st) ^^wss fncmfw n w tw=% mff' t f n 'wtnttn-Atts^-'an ASSW fAtmn (n) n s ^ nftm ?te ffmftow sten ^ wtsens
sttns] (f. v5ob-/s.Ai)-c^ sjrnn nsfnm ntn 1 wtf fAtmn fif^ttfnn ^snmnftcnn fnnst wtJin f A t nsfnntfin 1 wrf ntnm (m)-'iin
s t ^ tffsnn msn, fnetnw Ab-i-8/b-i>8-<i men nttfnw nn'm tîmmwnnen tAm wfsnrfm fnnntnenn wtfnwj f t w nsfnmfin
ttftew nnrnn nsefs Rnnt cmt w n 1 fwfn a i t t R wtms mi 'Smn (m) vat wtsenn Stn f ^ ntmn-nt^fnn tnntet
stmftenn (Grandnephew) wt^-Atntn f A t W t f n ntff' w t t w wnmmnt wtmess wfwm^ wtmtmtln 1 ssfstw wtcA,
tnmft ffsesnn
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Contents
wm
?ii%?tg f a flftrit Rctiic?<

ftf?! f'wtffTtT w f t i w^}2t?t W f t i f f f f t r t ? f C M f ? ' "wtf (W) f'wtft'W ( W ) - m t c t t
ttl (?feNS/feo>js) t?m wffetftff'TCf c w r a w s t w W f rot f?r?tt f w i t t ? WW wtf?i?"-c c t t t r w i w f f f e t t f i f i t
^?rt%i I w r ? WW i l t f t t t t t t W c t ? t t r c t 2ttft% w f t f t t c ? (g.
i^c>ic^ti<i tUni-^f t t t f f f ^tbtf^tw ttfm, ftrt? f f e r t 'wtf f'WtffW) I '
i i i f e i i 8 l fSlT^t? City of Bernard d'Etampes f f f i ts ( i ) t R 1 t f , ^. ffb-; (?) t t f f f f , ^. ff8, iffff;
WW f??i1tg t r f t ft^w W f I W f f f 't?wf WtWR ( o ) W f f , f t f H , f o?>Js; ( 8 ) r t f t f , fe?fe; (ff) W f f (tWt.
wtîf'wt ft^tftwt cww? ?tw*ttf (cf5) wffff f c f c t ? m i t W u s t e n f e l d ) , % b-o; (-b) W ' f , i t . , ib-8 f . ; ( 1 )
w i f g t r f ffftff ? t w f | t m i w n f r t ? f t w ? îfft t f f f e Brunnow Domaszewski, Die Provincia
f i t I w f t f f w t w t t f w ? t i r t t t f i f c ? t w t ? ftffe ^ t c t Arabia, i t . , 88o, f . ; (br) Le Strange, Palestine
t?t msft 's?5f f f c%f? m i f t w <3 w t f t ? msft wife? f f t f under the Moslems, '^j. o f f , o j s , o b - 8 - ' ? " f f t - ' w t W t
WI I ?b- c t c t ^ , ifeibr f t r f i t f ?sf wft<p T I i f r f ? iffo t w f t r ? f t t f f l c f ? w t t t t f i t t f t w c t t tftt
t w t t ? W?W i l f l t ' Q ? ^ f f c?t'ar? C f g i W f f f f ^tc ?I?tlc?, tr wtf-fl?t wtf-?t ( = t t f f i t t t ) fCR? t f f t ?
w t w t f t f t f w t f f c f ? t f f f t tw? t t ? ffw ffttr? m i t r ffwlw?ft I
W f R f w c 3 ? t f ? fff??t? m i t f t w w ftt I H. Lamens-L. Veccia Vaglieri (E.1.2)/
i l . i l t . i l t . W??f? ?TII? f iBt
f f f i t g ( i ) W t t - W W f f t , f f r , f i?"!), i o f e ; (?) W f ,
i t . , i i f f f.; ( o ) Gi Le Strange, Palestine under the nf^ 8 ( ? t p t ? W W ? 'Wt?, f l f ' m i t c f t f f t ' f f e t f W )
Moslems, '^j. o v o ; ( 8 ) Baudrillart, Diet. Hist. et. f s ? W t & f t ? W C ? f f t c t ? W t , ffc? WT? W ? f t ? C ^ W
Geogr. ecclesiastiques, A d r a a ftt^; (ff) ffc? f i f c f c f f f f f e ? f t w w ffc? r t (Slope) t f i w tr?
Schumacher, Across the Jordan, '^j. i ^ i f.; (b) R f t c f wtftc?? f t f t ilt?if W t f ? t ^t?tC? 1 ilt?if il?s|t f t t
Dussaud, Topographic hist, dela Sjn-ie, 'J. o?ff f.; t?CWC w t t f f t f t f t t t t f C f C f ? W f f t C ? i , ? o o fftt?
( 1 ) H. Lammens, Le Siecle des Omeyyades, i'bJs t ^ e W ? Wtff, i f f , o o o w f t t t f ? i l f t t C?f5 f ? ? I ifeoi
f.; (b-) R. Grousset, Hist, des Croisades, i t . , ff8l, Marquis de Segonzac t W ? W t t i f r t WfW? tsffttflct?
'S.t., ? i f f ; (Js) J. Cartireau, Les Parlers due Haran. w a i , 8 o o [ f ttt ftitfw, ?ICtT ? o o f i t Wt? (Ayt) f W
t i f t f f t f f ? W W f . ( i o ) Syria, Princ. Exp. i t . , i o , VA,
W | f 1, i f e 8 o f WttltTt f i t w a 0 , f f o o
ol, vs/A, ?b-i f . 8/D, f . I
I
Wtf?i f ^ fsfiC? ftf^ f ? 1 W f f t f t f C f ? fftRfCt

N. Elisseeffand F. Buhl ( E . L 2 ) /
f f t t t t fte? w?ff, t t t ^c wpiff f f w -a c t f c t t ^c
il. m . ilt. W?f|? ? ? t H f it3t
W t f W f s f f w fff I i l t f?? i l t ? fttft f ? m '?^ff
ltH<'^ (c j J ' ) CS- Adroa), f??t ?T?? t i f t?f? i wtw cf3 1 fr:?? tfffic wt? f t f ^ ttw? w t w ? ?ftwe?
tr Wwt? cfit i ) - m t t i f t t i l f t t f t ? I i t t t c ? f?t f t t i f e i 8 f ilfte? i l f f t f ? l f W t t f f f t t t ftf? f f ??,
c?ct f t ? t t ? t t f t f f l f t i l f t t w t f w t f f f cttw? f f f t ? f i t tcHfr f i t ftf Mgild-fet? cft f f w t tlftt? cftatit
( B r u n n o w <3 Domaszewski f t c t ? ?s?tt f t t ^tc (confederation) t f f e ?t^lt?=1 W W C f ff?3t f W ( i l t
t w t f t ^ T{t?rtt t m ?f?t ffWr??) I t t w t f t f c t ^tit C t t i t t t Wttsltf Tamazight W W W f -a W t r w t ? l f t f o ) i
cttca? i i w f t ? w?tf i f t f t c t f ? l ? f f # f f t t f ? wiw-W'Qtt fct tr i l f t t f f t t t t f c f c a f f t t ?? I f f f t , i f e ? i ''j.
fffe IW f f wt?tr?? R t ? (fe/'boi) ttft? w f f e t f t f t ?t? ilfte? i l f f t WfW? W f f f f ' f c t w f t f f ?? ttw w t t i f r t ?
f ? n w f ( t ) - m wtftT f t f t ? f r ? m i f ? f W r ? tR ?? i t ? t ? i W t ? T i f e ? I tre wt?w m f f f t f m s f t w i f f f
t r r f ? w t w t t f r t ? tffifajft c f t f c a ? twc wtwcf? f??s5 c f c i ? tig? ?? I W t f f f ' ? 5 ? ^ f f fte? wtftc?? f t f t wtt?i
cftftttc? t? tr t f t f I f f f e wtc?, "wtf (w)-m *pi rttR f?c?? wt t ? c w ? tftrrt f t t t t f f f e ? ? I ffo8/ii8o te?
(w)-m rr w?'wi ft??tflrt?
(?i) i l t ftr? f"wtftw i flf? Wtt-f'S?I?ft:fR (Almohades) f f f t 'wttft-f'tft-m
'wt?? ctrftfRrts? tr wtt?^" wtR-?tR?t f r t r f ? wwfe w t c f f a ^ ( m i t f t f R i l f t t wt3Ftt ft? f f t t i ? f w c R
wtf-WW cww? f t w f ? ? f i t I i2pRW?rf? t t e t ? f ? ?tc t r r fl?-fft^ ^ t t t f a fc?) f j 5 w e ? ffwcf?cf c t t fte?
c w w t r ? t e s t w w ?i? w, wf5 c f t wt3ct? wi?trf5, wf f f t f f e ?se? I w r c f ? w t f ? f t f ? m t f r r t c f ff?t? ?seg? ftr?
. f W tTtft w r c f ? f ^ f ? tit 1 ^ B o u g i e - a ? f f t J i f f ? f l T l l W 'wt?'5W^ Ti i
t t t t f ft^SCflt
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Contents
mm Wn
toH8/i^n8 nw nif%ns w e n g n W i f f n-ii? wSnss ftwnr 8 ( i ) m s T t f , wtw-wtn^fmfn-ffnn ,
wraR4'C'^ff3TAwn*winsitm:wfn1%ftnwn?tn>JtAf extract ed. & tr. O. Houdas, Le Maroc de 1631 a
w n I tin'iWi entaten b^gfifw wnesti nfe?n cwtenn, aen 1812, ajtRn ib-b-to f., fnn^; ( A ) ntR'f, ffwmn-tnfw^mn
fawm wmna'a n#e ntm tten Rfn wt^te^ ^ nsenn i nnnem i o i ^ i b ^ s , 8sf ac^n wfstn nnten E. Fumey,
ioHs/i'bbs-8 nen nf*w Wf-aiffss n^tnnm wtw f%!nn Chronlque de la dynastie Alaouie au Maroc,
"ân nsfne w n n i wan w-ian Sntm * 'mi' wtfnm enaten A M - ' a a^mRw, ^ - i o a , fnn^; () M a r q u i s de
wte^ f n w nfnm ernnm nsenn; ff? a w m ai^siwi^ ent Segonzac, Voyages au Maroc (1899-1901), njtff^
#5tnnn wniewt wfwntft w n i ios>o/i'i>v8 nen m*W iJov5 f., fnn^; ( 8 ) E. Levi-Provencal, Documents
tnmfn 'Snnm w m anmên wfwnrn nsenn 'wiw tsftmn inedits d'histoire almohade, artffn i!^b f., f.
eat#5taness wm nsfnnm Setttea ntmm ftnwr mnw mtn i88-ff; (ff) H. Terrasse, Histoire du Maroc. nnntmm
nn^fnew mm nnsn ftwmw nsfnm cnwttewfin i wmm i s f f o f., fnn^; tm mm wtSnm, mnnmaa * nne^
wtnnenn nesf ffemft nn *ntf ffnt Sawjw Safnwtenn fne^ anwnfAa. i

antnn w i wtmenn wfaf^fwn nemea f n w wtnntew G. Deverdun (E.1.2)/^m^ ^
nnmm (wnan) 'ân nsenn mi entaten i o o o wmentf cnm (J>) (csw?tnenn fcn fass stm mm Coitus
cmwtenn mean i Sts^gfnn fness -^tcan fea wamfnw ^ fnwenn interruptus) i AffeAS n^mn msjen wtm nm, stffwtA
fffffn êw fnf^ stm wtnw t n n t w cata atR attm w {^)-m fcn 'wtnnens nesj 'wtnn amn srsnn f|n i 'wtnenn
mi W W J mks aen fnfnnen 'wtmn' (fnmam) n^n sn i ane^ ntffatA (n)-iiin n f ^ m f e ^ fnnns? ifit, "stffatA
i A A t o / i b - i i nen f n w m * w fntnmn wtsm m^tew n w (n)-c^ 'wtnen wwjenn maef ntntn cn*m sn mi fwfn f n s
aenean cnrnmfsf * wwffnen cnt n w ntnmn tnm R^W atew I 'wtnenn t n n w wfntRaa ât mf^ftess wtAtcns mêsm
ne^ wtmn nft fln, wtstenncss ntm tam^mn wtnw f f ama ftnten caa ^Rrt atew i" wasfncs? 'wtsn anesf m^ ff?
cat#n cnrwn f n n ^ wfwmn nsenn i wrsm ent ntftf A t f ^ * sftstcA, n w t fsn nm, 'wtsn laft wamîfn snw, ân*
fafnmRw m Amn w m w nfea wwj n ^ ^ few ân* tm fnfnw nfnm wffnw A S I ntmm 'wrsn fnfnw nfnm ncn
m^twnwten amwn nnn w mi î wtsw twsinn cnrfnnean mm, WtAtm >at Alf AnfAe<t> fwf% nfnm nfnm atew mi aan
nnsfn mm wtstenn fnmam^ nff ^n; ât cnt#?rant m, Atf Af5e<(> ntffa (nft) sRm nen nscsn i ff^'Aatisn tmnaa
n n n w (io<o/i>i)br8) a^F fln i 'wrnsn nSm'n nrta^ aRfarat at nrtaten mwo cn, nfns wtsm mfn ncf c w aw njfwcscsst
nna nnewjtf w t t m ae^s i nsen fnwtenn nesit tnnwmfn , wrnn nsfnew ates înt m f s wm ftn nes? 'wmn ssm* fnw i
AS I cnt wn^ êw Rfn w ân* aR^taammt antwifnn wen >at c w t ffn w f n R aentwn tten ffm iît nrtaten
aest t % w w n i tmnenn ncm nwfnems nftntcA i tmn nnmfn new "wrsn
m*w tnmfn->an nnntm nwmen am ^^tnats; ff? wtffnss 'mwtff^tnntfsns#se=m afna^'^cn* fnfnw ns i msew m^
asn >^ ntwm SfkcA >ans.asnft a a f mfnm tfe wm fnarr nmrnn,nnwft ff|Bt fm'#s i 'wtsn Rnw m A*mn wn
>ansft nff%atf nnrnn nfnR cnt atfnm nnn w i 'ftnttn tm* ^c aten cm amta nm mnenn nsen mf-ftn cntn
aTffw^ wT^tn W W J fms mi fnfBnff ><intnne nemnn Sacmea R f m ncs i nw mnn cntesn m^ w n "wfrn^ ntenn
cnnnr^ nn m w w t tm nfw an^n c^cg afnnw nsen wtfsR w f t n w n f f n A*mn wtatsn afe^"-nfn* fnncssn
ttmcAi njtates wtm^ San wsm w t ws# i
Saen nf=fw lat wmnt asesn nc?? mt ntfn S ^ nnew aâ#f 8 ( i ) mR^, wtn-f*nim, nrsn-nswtft Smmtwn-
ntf 'ffnenn wstsen wnR wrwfnewn 'nâ< wrsste^ wff wt*W; ( A ) WTf ff^, wtms, nnsem i A C ( f R AtfA ntart
nen nsfncn m f n sten, (jsm ffnwm * mfm-iiin cnans * n i o - i ^ , b o n ; ( o ) wta-arsntf, wtn-f*m*t, naef i A S i n R *
aeânnRnn >at amn fft nsfnntc^ i v#rtent n t f f nenn wfen i o o A R , f. Aos>; ( 8 ) <^ cnans, ffr?in-wtms, macnt i o i A
wtnm tsn tststm wtan a^n nsRnflenn mi wwsan n w se^ R., f. tob; (ff) ts^-ssifnn, wtn-fm**nim, snnem i o A o R.,
nttms wfnRaa ntw nsfnm lat m ^ t (s. wtn-nt%f, ba., A O , Ato; (to) wta-atRf, ffr5n-S^, f W i o A i - i o A t o
win-ntss-mn, w t f Wfmn G.S.Colin, vie des saints du R , na., i t o o , A i o ; ( 1 ) Wensinck, Hand Book (fnnwrA
Rif, Atvi-'a annfaw, a., is.Ato f., f. .ôs., Rm 8 ) i ffRn-nm) wtn-fwm' Rsw; (b) wtn-amtf, t f m , ffrnm i ^ .
tnntf Rêmn
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Contents
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wtjni o, Sim RltTt i o , Rffftpm t t i w o wnm* i ftti? t t f e Ii t t u s ? t t f e c f ? WWCt? fifwttft? f?wtfe ffetet?
R t r ^ wttWf&w f f m i ? B a u e r f f f W t f R Wttt a t l WW g. WtRt? f t ? f t ? t ? t f , w ? f t - t w t t , WCT? ifefffe f I
Bercher Bousquet f f f f t T f W t T t W f f f e i ^ t l C ? i i t f f f l t e w w. ttfft ' W t f R - T l f t wfwt WIRt? f t ?
w f t f f 5. (s>) G. H. Bousquet, La Morale de I'lslam f R W ? l f ? f<l*tf? W f t W t - t t f Wt-ft'af ttttt f?TiI1t
et son Ethique sexueUe, 'J. i o i - i S o i ttftet? 'wi?f f?w^rfe?a t f wf?tt w w ^ ?ft?ie? i
G. H. Bousquet (E.I.^j/a. m. f t . t t ^ f l f t ? t t t f>*T f t f 'Wl?f?-tlf W f t ? (W.W.t.)/
il. ilt. ilt. W?ff? ??tR f i>3t
RITRTSW S wfft f f t f f 'WtlRWRt tT:tI *WTft s^
WSftTWt <tRtli? I W t W f t t f t f f ? Ctcf iSfilPjiialctt CW? Wtewtt
f t t w c ? 1 f t f t t c t f t f w w t i f t t a t t t t w t ffec *wttt-iit
^ r t ^ T - w f f ^ ( j ^ j v i ) s ( w t - w t f t t t - W f T f ? ) I ilt
tw C f f f W T t I WWat, f t t ? ftf-W?CW^ 'Wtftttt
f f t t t t t f w t f t t 5 ^ ' [twew t t t f w wt?-w??i' (W)-ii? fff
(wtffttsct? f c w t ^ t f w f t f c w ) 'wttt ft^ f t e f t
t i f f e ?ttwc?, tft's C f R ftftt t f c t t r ? t t f ? f f e t wl I
WTWf-WteW5W ff?WC?? I f f W t t w ilt ct, *WTtt fC!g
t f f t ? 'ftct f1?e?t? f t R tRfwt^ftl? WRIWt I t T t t t f ' f
R t T % R ? f C t ^^tit W s t f w ? f??I I T t f f W tt? f Tfwct? ?"^
W t e t t t w ^ f f w t c f g ftttc? f t w fffffe (8f/fet
wf?tc? "wifct? f e w f?wt W T f e t ? tetT fIctt w t % ( W ) W R f w f ) I ^ W f t f fct? wfe? tT? fttet f t f f
t f t w t f t ? t f f l R ( W ) , w t f W t f T ? W t t W l f t ( W ) t ? ? 'Wtt?tR
f t e t f t w i R t t t W f c t ? w t t t ^tew ixFtf t T ? f t cft??
( W ) I f t W f f e f t t ? e t ? W W S. t t ? f Tfwt, W f R - W w t t , ?t.,
w i f a w f??'We? R W t T ? I Wfft t w t ? -^tew f f t
? ? i , f t t e ? t i O ? 8 t . I W f ? f C W C? R f t W T f t " W t f t C f W f f f
f f w t c f c g ? t i f WW f c ? I t T ? f W t f f t w f t f t t wtew
?#cw? iltl t r '^tcw f f e s ?iff?i? cBtt f i t e w t , ftwct? tetr
Wtett? ?t^^?twf c f e f t f t t f wtftc?? w w ( f f c f t w f t w c t ?
ftct? t w ? ( W ) , t ? 5 i t ? ( W ) , "wtf (W), *W1?fft?tf? t w ?
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f t f t f f f t tcftcww, ftf^ w f ^ wtft? (W) f f f t f f e I
WftffCf i t f T T l f l ? tttWtft? W?fR i l t ? ilfft fte? W T i f e f
w?]etj f t t w f ? f t f t t f f t f t i t tw? f c f t ^ f f e ^?rc? 1 ( i )
f w t f f f w w?e?t tte?? c f s ? i e f ftettfe f ? t i w t f f f c f t T
wif?? (w) t c t t , "witw ? t f ^ ^ ( t ) - i i ? ' i t t B f f t ? "wift f f t w t
t?t t ^ t i t j f f f w attwfe?? tetr i i f f t w a i f f f t ? t t f tet?
i l t l t T c t t tte?? t t w ? f ? f R W R ttftt T ^ W?JlT f ^ l"
w f e ? f t f W ? f f w f f f f t t f c ? ? f t ? R ^ f 1fft% f t t f c t
( ? ) W t f ? ? ( f ) ?et?, "Wtw ?Tf3f1T (R)-il? # ? R f T ? "Wtt
^ - W f T ? w?i? T i i i t i f t w t i f ? i i f t t a f t w f i f f f w i c f c g
f f f e r s i , W f f W ? (R)-il? f f e t t T ? R l W f c f f f l c t ffft
wTttcf?ef ftett fc?? w t i" f f t t w T I I ctttic? 'wttf w t f t t f ? fftwft f f w c t ^ I.
Ttfe?? ct R f t t f w m\ "wttt >R# f f e 'S-ftffe f t w i t r f f W f ^CW t r ? f f w t j t f t ? ffftt w t t f f t1tct t T ?
t t t w f W t n i , wtietj w f ? f f t e t ? fte^ ?tf?ft fteft Rlt^tW W?fR f f e T I , i f t Riet i l f t t ftttff f f w t w ?

f e s t c t t f j I f f f CWf f i f f a t ? (R)-cf 'wifR w*ic f^ f c ? i t ^ ffwt? f ^ f f t ? ? i e f t w i l f t t f f c f t t f t w WW? f c ? I Wf?
(w?te?) ftft ?ct?, "fcatwWct t T #ffe ?s?? Ofeti? f t t t t i" ? t c v s t t W C f t t s j f t f t r t wtew? t f t t t ? t f ? t f f f f f r t t ? ? i e f
W W W f t "WtfR ftettftftfet? f w ^cw f t f f ? T f ? ffetett f f T I 1 ? o f fwtfew w t f - w t f T ? t T ? t i c t f tttwet?

W T f e t ? f?tf? f W t ftttc? c f f f?t T9 I i t R f R f f t t ? f t f e w '5tew f ? w ? tfeew w t ^ f f t f f c ? ii?i t t w f
^WfRc? i l f t t ttfe f t w t r WIW w? I.'Wff ftctttftet? t e t j f f w f t w f t t f c ? ? ii?5ft fftff fftjiR t t f W CWCt I wtettew
t f w ? f t e t ? W R f 'wttttc ftwe??, f t l w w f i f t t a e t ? W?ff5 f f f f f f J t t ? fftet? t r ? ffft? Wftf t t f ftRC? ftfW
fet?-CWf1f1Wef W f R R f ? t t t f t r a f f C s H (fritf? f i f e l f t r ? f f e R?rtffwte? t i f w ftft? fttffe w t r f f e ffff?
t f f t f f e fwttft? f f s t t f e ftttet? WW 5. ( i ) wtft-Ww RTRtet ifeffo % f w tw? t f e W t WaiRltTt f?5l Oo,ooo I
W f f , t t w t W ? t t f o ' t ftWTtW, (^) f ? 1 f f T W ^ t ? w f , t T ? w:?3 f f c f f wea? Ritrt % 8 , f f o o i t f ? f fftc?? wftc?
i i f l f W t ttWWW "wtf "f w o ? W t t T t f l W P S ct, f t t f ife>bi w?f^ ffff? f f t f ? t r ? W ' s w f e ? WW fife I ?ftte? t T ?
f.) l?ftT?ftetf?t?t'Wl?Ct?'2?tW?Rftef Rt'^fC??, f i f i t f Rtffe T I t r ? f f w f t ^ f ? w t r c t ; twef? ftff?
t1T?t ftWwj a i W t l f t ? afWe? W?|ft?get? W t C R t t W ? W T t J f t f ' S R s W f C f ftf^? f t t f t ctcf ofat f ? t T l I w f f f ff3iW? W ? T C t
t t w f ffsiewt
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aims b ^ f w w wf5 A S , fsc*i*iiM fs1%^ cnt ste fnm^ fnfnmtn) * wn-'wfnn (nwmen nnnem ntfncn ntnffw,
mem SwctT mm fscmfws mmen lat arms wrs* nn^fnfnw fnAsm)-'as mm ntentfir nnnfnf Seatemtj i ât
atrnln A S 1 tmenn nnm ntmns wesrrs mffm nrs, f f ? fcnten wtn-wfnms tms^ fmm mmen nnff atronrn -ass
wfnsnttt mmcnn fnw cnen arjrs^ w âst atmen mmcss n ^ f 4 f f f m mnn sscs i >atwmt W f j f nenn wfen tm ^
wrnmesn Rmn * msnmnfA atsmmn wnmn met I atfwfajw n f f n AS (fftoVii'ii-A^cwfsmessmnnsswtnn) i
i I n n n f A ûnsisma s wtn-wtnmesn nnfwnft nnm^f-fn tms nsffnn w n t w n f l ^ nsfnc wtent mn nscsn
annfnwrcn iR^flw ttntfln m w m f wtn-^nftsm tmnmm (fnAsm-van cnfm n ^ ) lant "smt f'm atmens mff^ stAt
ftmcn I wtn-îftm mms m^nntn nr ms fnwft ^mff nscsn I wtf-nsnftnm ^ ' w n ntntw cssnn w n - A i f f f nnfwen
cnmnff wt^ms^'n-^mfwn wm-fn'ffs Ae i ffn mms cnm wffi^ ste me^ i sptt^nn mm tm m^ ff^tnten nmAw
spffwf n%m wtf wrfn mm^ wtn-ftsiR-ff%TA wtms nff A t s m t s m m ^ f - f n f m n n tme^ nnfwnntct atlwfliw nsenn i
* wtmn cnmntfA% sm^msict Âm fnntn n t f nsesn I attntenn wtf-Wtssm a^nttw w ttte ttffen* wtAm wf%^ nwm met i
nflsnt * nf^n mc^ wnf^ >at nnfirnftn fmftn nnw s^ A S A S ' w n f n - m w ' ^ wn-mnmf cntttcn ^t/iA t m f n ctnwtet
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men Sentsn m A S ; ^. nwmen mm nm m, ^cwn (cupola) n^jfsten tRnffw s t m ntn i w t f n t ^ - f n wnfnfs w n - f t f
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S t . , SS. t.) i tme^ 'snsesm nnfwnstcn' (wtfn'Sn-îftm) f n w m wt^-wiftn mnmnn-van ntAiem t A m f f i ntmn w n wif
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tm fnnn fnwtcw wnf^ 'wtnn->an nnfwn m wtn-snwit-âs fnnm -attcn f w m tknn wfnR atmn sscsn (Corp' Inscr.
t f n w'tjcns nnfeens mm ffwt mnn nscs i ât fwnftn atfwftt Arab. Egypy. it., iAV) i f|f f t w n s f s s m ffstCSS w m
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^ ; <a^ wnnfts mttrnf^, wn^ fm ^m tAS i iit nnfwn t R n'^^tff ^ .ast wrm wmtsR atsAnm sftntcA i 'loViooA-o
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amen fm tknn wfsif armn ^fsen i ovo/hho ntenn m w r f n mw-'an n m m W fntR A S I W W wtfset ntfn
ste mtfwf nsTsesm S ^ mc^ nsfnfnw wm-wrfn'S'n-wmonm fnA'stess fnfnnit * cnstncws mmen ( i s t t w t f ste 'QS^)
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n^nnff t%ftwtn-wtnsiessS^fnwm nest flenn vast tsm nnfwnftn nftcnesn nft ntcmfw nsfnm f m atên fnfn fwnft
wm w f n ^ Snms atmn ^^fsen i wtnn mnft wjf^ fln ^fgwn fn wnenn fnA'ntcn tm W S T snewwicn stsA A S I
fnsm tme^ f a t S w s nsm A S I wntj ^nn ât ntmn mR wsn Rnft ten f n nnfwcnn nftw f ^ nsm An i w r f n
A S , wtm wsnw ( f ^ n w , sn., do) i wm-'wtfn fnnm nrssisn-ian ntfmm sosi/ioo^ men tf%n mens n R t ttc ânt
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mens m^ ^ntsfT? n f n 'iit atfwiten nsnsw cntwfcns tmew wtAis^-W[snmf-tas w R nemsn mnsrm fnfnw A S I ctem^
ntntw wtntenn mn^ n t e f wtentnsmw nscs i f%? ftnnsm?t sjf*es> vs8/isso-i men cntttcnt m w m A S I n^d/i'sî.d
n t c f tsjew cm wm mt ( f n m^, ftwiw, sn., si t.) i >at men f f ? fnnfn nns nmm A S nfnm wtr m*mrnnânt W f .
nnn Ate^t mnm ffwn f^tmn cttR wnfAmm cnm ffntn '^toi/iotoo men m n f f s i n f A fnfnmt w t A S I latsit w m * ff?
t<t>Sls Wfn * ffnm attfenn ntsft- n m n fse^s bay (nmnf S ^ mnn nsm A S I nfngcnn ttm atmn * f t w m ^ wm wif
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ntm n f n wnm tfsw a t ^ mm Wfw i c^#s w ^ , atrim ns^ ntfn * wmtenn f j m w ft^ menn mn?t i Rt^tn^men csfnm
fn^mnnfcss f^tmn^fn n ^ wnfCAs Stn wn ^pfnm sfsftcA tf^ntcA lann lansft fmns m t f ^ cs^ftsi wrm fnnm fnntt m\ A S
ntm fffnnm nrnsm w t stntCA i t f ^ F wtn-fnwtnfnm icnt lasst W e t wtm fwnrnn ^fnew sn (boo, v i t ,
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ttTfCt t f t # T O W W a W t WTTO ( ' f W M ) - t ? a W t w f f ? tc? fftc?? ?tw?j?f t r o " ^ t r t f w 5r?t ?5c?? i t r o w f

t ? ? w t i f i ? ( w # s f ) f f f r t ? w W I m i w r e t et?lt f w (WWII? t f t W R T O i f t w w f f t t ? f t r o t f f w TCW 5r?t fc?? a t i t r o
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t i w ? w f W f m f f e T i s t f ^ roft f f i w ? # m f f f t w r o t t f t t w f f t r t t w ? w t w fffc? I t t t f f w r ? W T r t ? a t w t w
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t r f t r t r t r w r t t f t r f f w w i i f f t f t t ?Tfwrf? w w t ? T O ftfcwc? 1 a t f f w t w??ftew w a c f ? w w w t t t f f f a w w
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nfng w n t e t n w m ânsft ' t n w n n ' ntstm -atten t A m ^ t n n n n

anftn f t n t f ' n - t i f ? n n w f n m f wtnmffne'm w n r >ansft w n f s AS ^ w t m ntnfnns wtjgn nte nnf stntCA i n ^ cntns
Cite universitire f n n M w f s t s i C A bSxfto-ffH f . i t A t n l a t t t e n ntfat m t n nsfnw i .at a n t e t w t n - n t ^ ' f f Seat
n t n j w A t a t e t n f n n w n n s n A t e n i âwnstn t n i t a n t f n nsfnntCAn, wtn-wtnAfcnn ntfwm w t f n f f s b-iir/iSiff-to m e n
n n f e c n n wtffntn w] w a i f n Wntfnns l a n t w m n nsfn wnnt n n f w n f t "^c w t r s s>isi>i<t>if nnsn njf^scss ( m a w t m w m a )
t A c s > s n t w n f e A a S i f l s c f n n t f % e wsint m f ^ n n r n ^ f k n n f t m n nsrnn ntnsw nsenî i w r s m -at s e ^ t n n^cn w n n e n
n j f ^ a tfnnrens nft m f a n t t w n n m ^ nsfn i nnfwenn wnem f f t A S -ant 2ffntenn ntw S e i i nsmenm csnn csnn
t n t n ntm * wttfrn l a t n * f n w f m a w n w m ' ^ t n f t ^ n a m w f n m f , -annfns s f n r f ^ ' f * i a - t t m f n mnes ^ t n n f w w ,
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w t t n n w ; t n m n t t n w . w n ^ w t m mfte n f n m t i m m r e n n w t n w iffng A T ^ m f t e n n ( i s e ^ t . i s o o w n ) wenesst nrmn'm
mmen wtAtm a t f t n ;jfAi n ^ nsen mi âtwien n n f w n f t n n m m n f t wtn-wisAies w n ? R nscsn .ant m s m t n fswm wffct mat
nj n i t n w m ntet i t s t f%f w t n A ^ t e t n w m -atn n n a t wi^fn^s 'sn^ w n I n ^ w t f A i f A t 3 t s i e n s 7mf^ G trfsfn ntAtm a m ^
<i<\\9r ntentfww t t m e ? i w f n i t m e n s t e n t n f e A ' ^ i f n nsen^ ( n m f c t m n f n f ^ ^ t n i f t t n t n n w'fi^-.a wtstcnn f t f n s
a f i ^ w n f A ^ntêiis ntftes fnetn <l^>^fcss wfnssift AtîiCA i ^ t n n s f n e n ( f ^ T , S t . , 8 o ) i win-wrsi^tesn nf%Tin w m
sr^tiff s nntetnt 'on^f-fa^nfA ( i ) m n s f f , ftwT, mnsnent snrnn f n f n n c3f w n t t j S t m n * n t s t m a n m
S t . , ssi-ffto, too-^, ^ô-^s; (*,) w t m n f * ( o ) ' w t f t t m nsfssic^'i i n m f c t win-wtnAm f f c a f n w m * S^p^ mft*
fmntns; w t f f n ^ nnenn w m g (s) Van Berchem * t s m n > j f l n w i t n t t a w m n n i wtmn # s e n c t m t e t f f ^
Flury-^w a"?mf, mm Cresswell-^ n n t w n A - n t f t f w 'Smn t s ^ - s n f w -atten <>\m ^fne n n f ^ nscsn ( t s ^ t n t n .
^tnteA; The Mushm Architecture of Egypt, i n . , i t . , b-^-o) I - a n # t t e i -atten w f f & w f s f f s n f C A S ssm S c a t
w ^ c m iSjffA f . , oto-sto I f p n ^ * t f n w m n A w m g t m (c) w t t t n t e ? ( f t w T , S t . , ffs) 1 nsftw WTCA. wtnsftl-n
Hautecoeur and Wiet. Les mosques du Caire, mnninte . a w n f f ^ i f w t e n s n s i n nsfnen (.5. s t . , AA<?) I
t J t f n n is>\5^ ^ t e % (to) A ' t n m 'wtnfn-*ntAAtn, win-wtnAtesn n n f w n f l n nenitfn -ansft ' f r s n n ' i t s m f t w s e
wiftn-mntfwfnn-wtmfnnTt, i t . , nnnem is>8to f . , See also E. m a f ^ t s m mwtens w m n w i a n m w ssfsntfln <ant t m n t f w s p t
1.1, article Azhar' I. fnncn t n m f f ^ ^ fntess tfwstcnn nft wfneB^mwies f s ; (g.
A1 w n t e t n t f n n n wtam^nnnit w t f - w m A t e n n tnnrlfn mntm, L'enselgnement islamique en
f f n m g w m t m nnfwenn m m win-wtnAienn ât < ^ m f n ^ f l n i Egypte, w i e m iiôs. ^ . ) i f t w ^ t t t s m d f s f s nem ttf *
R n l n w ntntw w f ^ n j # <iitten R e t n nnen f n t t n ntntewn t m wmtens n w m t t t m f l c n n i n n n msm w n t r wtmens t n
wtemwn w i A t i ât n f t e ^ t Ate -at nntwe^m t f w A t n n n ^ t f w t e n f f f l n m i f n t f w 'wrfnnnn c n t t t c n w n i i n n n c n
fsmenn t f w m e n n nft w m f f w i e n w f ^ i w n n n f n t n c n n f e t stttnsscns f n n t 'stew nAinwt m w nsfnewn^ wtms n f n * cnfte
( n r n n t f , f f w ^ w t m f e w n cms) ratten wtatAs fnnst n t m m m * m m n i nenitfn f n f ^ annn *nt^'ns f l n nrAi -sm-fn^sienn
n m 2itfm mx. fs-nwm w t m w t n - f t t f t t e w t t ^ j j n e t n w m fnfwg m t m w s i n n t f n m n m -an? ^ t n c s f n maens n A m m
wntcnw s t w 1 âsst nnen t m w n s w t a n m f ^ f t e t n w m tm f l n menn w m n r n A w ^ w i
vamt f n r n t n wtsm (s. t n n t n t n . A t . , i n n , Atos, o ^ . , ioto, -8 I nnift * w t t n n f f c t n f ^ ' ^ i s t s A i attfnns nnenn
i o ^ , ito'^) I wiflnns f e n * w i f n tnten w t , t n f < ^ t n n t m t f s f ^ f i n t c s s w n r i n f -ant n t e t w m f < * t f a w i obs/hHa
vgtien n t n f t w stnteA i t A m w n n n f e A S R t t n w f vg m a n - a f n m e n n n f w f t e t n wrsjen a t r r n n s n f a m n ^ w t n - n s i f
ntn^sfS)^ S t f ^ tsteni fmntn w n n n t e n e t n w m S t f 3 s nsfnm wm-f'mn--an f a ' w t f wtn-wtnAtcsn t n r n f f w t t n n t e f
cwten I , S n t A n t ^ n i t iîSi f^te'tn wntenw (g. f t w m ssfsewn -ant wtmn f t w m n s m f t w m m "^c maewn
m w t a T f ' n - w r n A m . ^"^n., \5^to-8oo) i .at "^ten S t f ^ w n w i f n t l t c n ( f f o T W , S t . , iffto; Brockelmann, S I, -s^ff) i
f f f n f n f e w n nnen (iSiSb-1.) fwtfsnenn * is><ji-<?A t . f e n w * n t f n n ; c t n e m f w A * m n t n m ' f m t s n f f % n wtms f n w f C A
sfti^n mtfren f1ttetin fn^^:^ c t f ^ ^ 'rfS^mmn.^nnn (^cstch') m f t f f r ^ , W , w i t n ^ w r m f n c t n s t c n n ne^mn w ^ m n
cmwtenn S t n t A m n nsen i S t n ? w t n - w t n s m t t c ^ c A c n t nnsn ^^fen I wtmenn fwfn w r m stmn ^^fnen ..ant t n n f ^men wtstm
t n m f ffsemn
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'WPT?-m t t l w w t t W t f t w t m ftWfR t # c ? I a t tft t w ^t?t W r f , wt-wtTO t? ttrtt tfrsfi tftf? ftftt

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v5[fti W R - W t r r ? f f w TOftft f f w w t r f g t f w r t t r f w ? R f ? t f f f t c f t f c ? ? I tf? 'fT-a? t t f t r r t i s f fwrf? 'Q?^
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AM^c-Hs n w StnTA * t R -at wf&n fiij n? tn^rmtn nrts -ant f fnnn cê-at fnegtcAS SniAst -at nrncf nnfn
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fln wR^fn I ffSfnf^ ntapt w w t c^sn S'sstfswfca n6n f?ssmgeAS n^ msn * nnn fnwnctn wm mfrnân^ flenn 1 ât
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w s tte tmens - a ^ wtif^ wtfnnn ajmn ^Rtte^n (b. en, 8 I wtf-wmAtn->an n t w s cmmtftn wfwnm tnnness cn
fne) 1 ' w f ttm fstnt^ wt?R^ ntmess ^ntnert ^^'â % wr^Rsp wtmw Aten -ant fA^^n 'wtf * wtms S^ntfn^tfn'f
wtn-wtnmess f n n m w -ansft fwtfnw fnnnt atmn S'fssicA-t cntess wtffnfwet cn n w tnc^t stAt w n wtms atR
(fSiwTw, S t . , A-is-oo) I -at n-Rt attftn atm * tnfsnfesn mtef wm-wifAlesn atfwRm f^ t-*isitf wtm Smfn 1 mRtwrnen
-ansft ntnnt atmn w smatf^f -a^ - a ^ ma: nnnw tin (mn^ ^ f n nn<ifn ttffen* wtmm nttnttntem wnnfn ffsnam
wt^sfsss wef '335;' fwtfsw we< l^^rai^' fnent w ) . wtAtm mtef nnf "^nwifn tin 1 wm-wtsms " ^ t n ^ c m f n mntm
ffnnw ^ftte^ mnfwens cnestew ttm fnmmn (Atfm) wmn a t w mtef nfSwtent f w fln 1 ff? w R nnnr nttrss njf^m
stAt nsfnw 1 ^ t ^ f a t m f m e s -anR w ttnenet 5-awt t c ^ tnntenn -sfm stAtemtr nm^ * tsm wm tfnwrtwj
* % Atwnf?? csnten wtnn stAt wtnewn 1 affwtt esn -ans (snsnfCAS nem fmcntt fnsfmt nss fln 1 wmenn fnnsfn
-asswn Rstffw wtnmf flenn -ant Sts? it-'iA % t w wtm atfwemn a m ^f^ ^ m ScJf 1 wttR wrnmf tctn nm Ate-t
vf)^ wttn fsnn^ Rmnenn w f t f w nmt%siet fsesffw fln 1 nm fnnesn nRm nfntfsfn S ^ net (cnt nnes wtn c w
atmf nfwmfAnntetnn 'sm^f^ RssnfCAS wm ntsf^ tin 1 f R # f ctta tin m) 1 tstens ncm fln iVAe--5i f. tnnn'wt
tmenn nem fln nttapest wt^pfn, mfA * tw'A; wmtm fnns wr-wtAwtfn cnwc^ trttsen tnnnnf fnnfn f*t^ atfwfnfs,
wtsfei^ t%nn en*m ^ 1 atfwff Rsess wrnnenn tn maim 'wmrm wtw-wm^wf-n ntf%t snn. t n n f nnen
wtAienn f^^rwsn a "^ff* ' wtnmf t t mmstw fnnfnw mm-mtfn, fA"n 'wtnf^ * wmens gnt 1 ff? -at n w
nnnstAfw ttemn Stn (wintntw) csnnatw fnntRmw ^Rs, tAls sjf*^ ns nncnt wm-wtnAtesn n ^ t f n wtetn nttw ntntewn
nttw ntf^ ^ W t s tRmn mm fss? wttnw wtm -ast f c t t f f flenn 1 w t tmm estates atfwf^ stewflenn -ant
fss^ m w Sttwn nsfsms wm wtmm amrt c w m c w w t cstmen ^ fncflenn wtm -^fwsmtfens t n f n tin m 1 'ffn-
nsfnw I wsns nncss -at snewn ncm tin f s w 's^cw tt^ atmn, iist t m f n attnes wm-wtnAfsess snfs -anR s f n ff#mtnn
m#tR n w ssm tJtfn 1 wtmm mmntw nnfwen wtnt tAcn rnn nm I cnetn fnwftnetn wm wntr afcntwfn wtffn^
nsfnw I atRff f^twt^cnn tn c w t f t ^ w f R ' ^ w m 1 matcnn RssnfAnmcf-atten cwarwftnnmn nsm ^ m twntr
wenesst nncns'1n^ ste nett atft fln 1 ntmm win-wisAis tm arfnrnn as, wm-wtnAtesn n ^ t f n wtt cnt nnen fwn
Witt nsfnw wtmrn m^ twrm m nmr nr nsfnw 1 tm tin, en fwn f ^ mtt fftn atemwfnm (wm-wtfAten wtm SAm ntften)
f^^r^c^ wfcn wtmm f*t^ atAt s^fssicA wtms atms - a ^ nmt wtm wtf-wtnAtcss nttim * s f n f ^ ^ m f a ^ n t w mnenn
-ant tme wtms w m s w , -aâjwt -a wwm mte atwrnn twtess 5 t A t w mt I tSestetn wfssnt mm fR stsis wmtm
ttfns I mai-f*tws n m f t fln cntenn Sts ffm-fcasn nmefs nn ff?e^ wnt nsfnst cmen I
t n n t f ffscmn
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wm-wt?ro ffio
wenff w T R - w m r o w R i w w g t j S K I fftc T I I t T ? ( f t f f t f ? , W W W R , f t w f twtft) f f f t t f W T I I WfJ

fit H f tfififl a t w ? w1% w r o t f5?T ^ %5m fbftitt? wi?tt^ a f w ? fbftsw f f f f t ftfw T I I t t i j w t f t w ?
a t i 1?wrt? tft W W R T f W I a t T s w t a t roî? WW a f f t ftffffe f f f wtfttw t t ? ? f w T t I at c t t t t w
f ^ i w w r t 9vm feo WTOJ f c ? I f f t w t t ? ttwisi? Itctiftw Wfttft? tlWtl?*! t e e fft?lfft? t l t f t T I a??. tro t w t WW
f t t (tw??t??it f ? i r o "wt^-a? w f e t ? , t ? t f ? ) , w t ? w t t i t f t t t a ? wtjtt I ifeoo wtR-witrt?? t r w f w i t
? w t % T f f e t f T ( W t ffwtfe W f f f f i w t t ? I f f w t ff?w wtttfwrit? tffitt?? t f f i i t t t I io?ff wtt? f T ? w t
w f t t 1 f f (T'tfift ( - t t t f f f t t t t i w f ? ) w t w t sittttt? t t t j t t t Wtt/cfgs-tt^ i f e o i - a ? afft w i t ? t t t t ^ i ? wfjtt w t t -
c f ? t 2tt?iw% t?w?tfT?iw?i?? f?T ro I t ? r o t t t t t ? t r o wtfTt?? ftw? t t t t afft w f fftrtt? ( t t ? t SttfWttft??
t r o m % ft^t S i?lylr/ilr1? tttt a f f t ( W t r o W t J t t WW) t i ? f t t T I I ? Rtw?, iO?'b/'b Wb, ifeob- w t t f f w t a R 8
fttWT3Rt? (?TO a f f t t t ttwt?? t J t f t t w T?I I t w i t W S f ? ?R? ctwf f f t f t W W - t t t f t f , W t j f f f >S t ^ Wtjfttf ffww
wa t f t t t ? a t a t t t f t fttw a f i t f t >s f t f e t f w t ? t ^ f t ?5tt ?? a??, t f f f t wt??? ifiw t t f R f t ratt? t t t t t t t t ?
^ t w I t r t w m W f W wwtt? "WftR f ttftt f f t w f f t w ?J?fI f ? t T I I iVfeiJs f ttftbffe f f t t t f ? WT?ffjf ?W T I I a t
( W T t t ? tjftstw t f t W f t t f i t , ?? w t t t o? of), wtww? W f t t f t t f W1R-Wl?rt?? Wt^rtlRt?? t f f WtW?itt ttt f ? t T I
WW WW? f w t t - f f t t t ftftw f f t w a ? i w t ^ - w t f T w ftfWfW a t l t r o f t t fftwt f f t T I I w?t?i w t t w t r ? ? ' s ? ^ ?ta
f f t r o w f t f t ? t r o f f t w I a t t j t f t i t w t ? t f w f t t w t t t t fttgt? ctw fftt w t rfft t ? f W T I ; w t w t ? f R ttw t t t f i
t t t t ftt W (IfwTW, St., ? l - b - ; t i r o t a ^ 3 W f Wt?-ft, a t w t t t f t t f a^wwR wwtmtt? ftww f r t f W T I I ifeob-
C f f .ib-b-?) I ib-1? f t T s P t - f f t - a ? w f t f ^ ftwttttftr wct? f f t t ^ Wtt w t t r o fffffwtttt? t f w f f?i T I I t r
fttwt twt?? W W fttttwftf t f t t w t 5 f T t f f t t w w f t t w ? f i t tftic?? t t w w t t r o sfttifftft^sffpfjiRc?? w i f ? i t r f i t
( f ^ T T O ' w t ? f ' t - w r o , w t f - ? ^ - W f t - f f t , t t t t t t i f e f f ? wtf-wifTt?? WW wjw ctt?tw?f a f i t siffttlffw? tt?s I i s
f , R e s u m e , i n M I D E O , i t . , i\bo-?) i ivDi?-o/ib-feff tttt ^fttw-i, io?fe/io ct, i f e i i - a ? w t t t f t ifeob- (. w i t t f t ?
ctftw ' v i i i t ^ t t a f i t f t t t t t t f t t t t ^ f t ? ? ( W w f t t t t t ? t f t t - t f t f t ?sw I trew ffww f?t f ? i T ? , f f f f w t t c ? ? C ? f t ?
wttTO) WTtW w t t r f t t ? t t t t f f f t ? w - w i f T f c f a t t w t w ' c t f f e rot f f f t f f e ?tc?t; t t t f t t t f t t t t f t t f t w f W T I i
f ? t f ? t ?? I f ? T W t 'wHf!?, (g.)-a? wf?fw a t tf?tc<T? t ^ (C?fS?, Sft ffSlfftJltttt t t f t t t , 'Gtlf^pRfp?? t r t f f b l t f t t
f i t ib-fe'jj '{. t i w t t f t ? ? f b W t t a I a t tfttCH? a f w ? tfttfftttt ffww W f t i f ffftffe W t ? f f t w ? t t w ) I Oo W?
tttT?itt f ? T W t "wtf^ f i c t ? t r o crott I i o i Vib-feff t t t t t r o tww"? a f f t ftroft'af fft t w T I I w r w ooft f f t t t
w t t w wftttw W f f - a ? t f f f t t f T w i t - w t t w t t t t f t f wttt?? w f f f t f f i c t ? a t i f r e t ? t t j stc c t f t ? f f f t f f e
t i f w f w T ? I f f w f t t t ? c?w? w t w t w f f w a f f S ftft ^ I wfw^ watt? WW t w t t f ? tttl ?ttt? f w ftf?t f W
ctt ftw T I I f f w f t t t ? w t t t f t a w f i t wwjw t t t j c t w t T ? i o - i 1 ? t ? I WtJtW t w ib-fe'b ^.-a? RJt? W W l T o t t t f I
tttc? I f ? T w t "wr^^-a? ot?ro t f w ?o f?Tt?nt, i o i s / i w t f j f f t i i t f T w w w ffft t w T t I a t w i t t f t w t ? t f w
^^Wt, ib-fe'b-a? a f f t wttc?? wfGWt? cWtW f W T ? w , sffftm ^ fftttffw? Rt??ict t f f t ? f i t I a f f t f f f f t t t i t
wtt-wt?Tt?? t f t t t t f f e ^ t w w t f - w t t T t t ? f f t w ? f w w w r s i t f t t w : ? ; w?5'R t f t f l f f f w t t t t f ? ^5tc f f t f w a f R
a t i t ? f t ? ?tt ftftffe f t w ? f w W - a ? t t ? w I t w rot w t f T f ttt? f t r o wftf? t T W tftw? t t w ffttw w t f
wff6|wact?f?^t??t iff-c fttftttw?? I lf?fe?itt a ? i w t r t t ? t f f ? i f f e T i R f f f t w t ? f t f ttw, ft? w r
ftttffe wt ftffe >s tffc ttro w t w f?wtt?? w t f f f t f f i t vsicfe f ?Wt? f t f ttw I i O f?1??tt, iOSî.b wit%,
t r o w t w t ? W f f e t f T W I Wf3FttfT f t f f t J t t f W T ? a ? i ife?0 wtt? w t t ? W f t t f R t f t ^ wtt? R l t t t f t f ? fffw
f f t w a t t ? WW W W ^ f w t ^ f f f f ^ ??WR? W W W t T fttttww ( W t t t f R ; ) f ? i T I a ? i t r o ? ^ R i t j f WW f t t f W
^*UWtftf ?5?t T ? I f t f ^ t f w ? ?J?ft f ? t T ? I b- ? t ? ? T t f T I I ? t f f f W T R t t f ^ t t r i f e o i f '^CW t f t f ? tatitt?? t t t j
WtJttt? t? t f w t ? WWRJ? WtJW Wt?ftW t t t f t t t w t t t i i f t t t f t ftwwftw ts?i T I , tr wtttw wit-witrt?? t f f e
?st? t ? 'wtiffftjt f t ? afra '^ (fwtft t w ? c g f t ? ) I w t f f t f t t t f e f W T ? I t r o "srf? w t w f fftwt fffw t r t f a f f t
ft??j>if? t ? f ? t w T I I tTtt? t t t t f i t w t w t r f ? (ttfftffe "s t f t t t w w i ? WtT? t f t t w f f T I (ife?o-ff sij.) I a t t t w
fwtfft? w t f f f t t i ) ttfteffe (tws ttwtt? t f f r t , w i t - w r ? r o ^^tw f f w t ? f f w t ^ f f f f t t t f tft?ttt w f f f w ?
?eW, w t f t i f f t W t twitft) f t t t t f T I W i t f t f l^t? t f f W t wtT?t?? w t j (mt f?t T I I twrrtfc?? t ? wtrw wit-wt?rw
t t w f ffJttftt
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fîwm mt WH I iÂff f. w m nk RaRiijHs (^"w fncnf maenn wm fsctnmcn ntsf%w f f - n f m - f ^ ' 8 ntnn
'srin-Wt'a*?nn RilRnjh<i) f^ R^lftTtnran li5lllIn"<3 AS I cnsrf f w f n f t mteenn nnnen nf^ fln; tms m^sTff* fln
A8 ^[srtm-A, io8^/ito ncwsra, iôo mm m^ witw? nswsn I wtffn^ RssnfCAs nem tAiws f m f nf=tw, tfwmn,
w i * w Rtwi^-sjAt w t An cs, 'Swtm nnra ntfe Rstswsf fcnm * wftt^ wmnn-^Rew ^ i wen tAt f f f s sten ^Rcn
cs c w "wtficns STSAts * w s n w i s mm * n n w nRffl m cn, -at n w wtffn^ fnnn fln c'ffn ^?tcnn wfnnnf <ant f%nn
AtsicA fssnt w t fsbis s#sis cstlT I tAtcw fnstn Wt-wtfsfcss atmen tAtm mntm nnn ntw nsfnw i isise f. m^'n-'Sfn -aft
Sncntt ffsnn n t w n nsnt A S (sm , m Rmtncns wfscns nntmn w e m fmafnmtnesn nft ntf^ ^ , i iJeA f.
wnncns ilnscw 1w# wfncnn w n n n tsitfn) mt tw wtcstn m?pm-'Sff cssnn wtnmfens wm n t s f ^ wn?in wnmn nc5
sscs cn, wRn nncn Atacws nnn ito ntncsn 1n^ ^stcw stcn mi nsnnf fnmmnnfA stew mafff -amen wtmww atcnt ntw
(fncnf Al<4cws wn tAt %r iv n w i wtAtcm wn f n w ^^Rew mess i ijjjs f. -anft nftnt fsrnn cmm A S I iâs f.
nsntn t ^ atcntwi fln nt) i sttnfn^ f t f e n flî s n w s n f , wm-wtfAtenn ^ t w n mmm tfnnwn msn w t A S i f m
ntnrfn^ ffb mm mt S^ ntsiln^ 8 n w i <at flJ>js>in -at *wtnffsnTt W f n c n -assf5 fnemf wrm mmwtfn^ w t sn i
wttcnn w t * w nf^ fwnft wfncnn wnr stcntwi fln (tnntf f^wstctn wnnn atActn ssnf ilto<j-cfnnmt w t A S i -at
wttn nt tiffwt, Sf-gn-fn ' w f wmt nt fnn 'wtfnmt) -ans. nsnfmatmn 'Sntm's wm* atcmwi AS I f i f fwRwtfnennwm
ncnttf^? cnsai fnctcn cwn wcntcw w n f ^ mfnnnfCA fnemfww sten i f. w f fnmn wtmnwnfA wsf-a nsm
wfnnswn fnctn^wt nt wmtnfn wwnw wfcntnn nsnt st^ i AS I nsen t t f w t wfnn stew Sff< wtfAtftetn atsm nsnessg
S^swn mens f^WFn Cwtfnfwt) csssn wtmens ncsit f msw wnf^ A S I wm-wrsAtcnn fnfe nftm fnrnt f f t n nsm wtemffw
fln mmm fnw fnw fnetn fnncn fnf^ mn êfc-ts msren ' ^c tte^ liint is.a-n f. c t n tnten m f f ^ tnten S t f w
Scfnestm nmn nrs s>fssicAH i SntAsn^n w f f m wfss fnncn AS I cssnn w<f n t ^ fnnnf^t fnntnt w t AS ntt I
Snwtens nrtn n ^ wfwssm ntw ^fnnrcA I ^^tmfnss m^sjapn isxf'fl % wfsnnfCA manttn fln fnsntt % t t f w t fnwtet
Wf mnn ^ % w wnn'jf maenn wm m^ 'mmnn fnmn' f i t nsm itooo wn, f t n 'wmfnsjtc iâa * Sff'n-fn ^ôn wn i fsfw^
AS I isffw ntncsn wm iftn nRmn fnntnn w t A S I fAifsm affwitcn Atamttn fln attnfn^ ten iAo^v- wn, msjfn^toee^*
ioee/Ato nts, ijsoto mens wtten ntm iJee f .* nnnt f^, ntf^ mrnnfCA 'ô-s wn i wtsvsf^* atfwipmfCA fln Asev-
w f ^ wm aicsiwfn nnn iA-'to f n ^ n w f AS; fnctnwfm w^^ns wn I ifeffff f^te^ ctn tnten fsfw^ nnen wm-wifAtesn nfsw
wsrsn snn f t n w fnntRw A S I cn n w fnnn ft^ mn w t n t ^ fnnfn atRtemjcsn nem fln atmfnw * msrfnns atR^R;
sten wt n m f w fnfnnfA (nnmSf w n fRwsr nt^rapcn -at nnnem, wtmm, ntnfnt, f f n wm-fn, c w fAtw, f^tt (fwswt),
Titcf wfsssws f f n n-Rt sfn^ AS) -^t mitnftc^ nwmn fnenn wmfw, fnnsrt, -mfrn, ntfF, nmtfn, sioifs>, mff, mfnen^
9m n r n ^ affw ffei m ftnten fff%w w i -^fwsjnw (fnnntw), wtemsswtfgm, mntn^; (A) cssnn afttfn^ s ntf
fsssnfCAs wRfn?? Segncmnr fsnnnfcss nem fln tses# wnm f^ntsns, ntnm, s n w ' t - w t ; (t) wm-wtnAtenn w^mnten
w t f wtm ( S f f ' f - f n wfsenn wm w t n f ^ , wnn ^^ftn wm ^sftnwR^ aftwimnfA (wt^w ttnr^F), csssn atttfn^ g wtAm,
Snsfbfnns); m^, nênn tfÂin twrffn nrnef sftnfn^ ^ ntmnfjs, ntf 'wtf, ntmf, wtf f n w r , wrf nnfn, nnwr,
(Sf-f'n-fn * fnn 'wrstfnsrt-'an wm); t t f w t wfnenn wm fnfttf, wem CSsmn mfts) I
mmnn wrswtfw^ wttn * fnntfnns wttn i wimffrn'-ian i&ffo f. nRsttw At-aens nstjt fln f n ^ t g fntn Atoos wn;
nsRtn mms wfwfnss w r s f ^ fssssicn -aft sffw wtm (-am'w mtewfnm, cnentm, ^<Stfn i 8 i wn; wffnfnfnm, tfsRm,
m tsttn-ân ttm) wnm ft? m fnRm-'an affnfn^ m^ (ntA'* cntntfnnjt^, ntnfwntn oos. wn; nsmf fnm e-^wn; Strm *
ntntm--an ttm) wnm nn ntaFT tfÂtn t^rtfl sfAn nsflew nf^t wiRm O H wn; tsw * t t f f w 8to wn; ftn v wn; wtm *
I mnrfn^ mens mmsn mfeiFcn (fnwtf) wtffnss
^
fftm tro wn; Wf^ttfnW i o wn; f *ntnw to wn; tsT^,
fsnsnfcsn nem fln wftta, nfwrti3t, f&f%tm f n w (wtffn^ ntAstnn, tsm (fn*mf m-wr^ntn) Ai wn; ^n^, wtnntfnm,
negn sjsAtsns), sntnn, mffrnrn, Sf%nfsmt, tfwmn * ^ m n fs^rtfwm (fn*ntf n wrsntss) Aoto wn; fnRm, cnstnn, wntn,
nmcf mnfn^ w raJtnfn^ mW:nn w ^ fsnnnfcsn ncm f f f n f n (fs*ntft-m**nm) nA8 wn; tntrnn AO wn; S ^
f^ tfwmn, fcnrn, mtfnf^tw, f w n f ^ (-aft w^r* mf^tnA nsn WtRm * fnfnm (fn*ntf m-mmfsm) Ato wn; ftwm in wn;
n f w n t w ) * m ^ f n w i mmfw m^jw wfnscn w ^ nncmt seoto wn i
tnmf Rsesnn
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ifeffo % w m - w i t r w ? ! t t r m fwra i i ? w? w u t f w f tt f t t a t i c f f f f ? a f t w f f f t f a w f f t - t t w t w t f t wwmw

tt trowt t t f k fftraftiffec t f t f : ? t s t t fictts t t t f ? fttte? I wfffwtiet -ffwt? fttw-tti f a t f W ?? a t i
w t , f t t t W i^b w t , f f t t ( t C f f f f t t t t t l t l t t t ) ? o w t , wit?tff t t f t H f f t e t ? w f t f f f ffte f f w ? f f e t ? w t w t
f f t t f t t f t t t t t t t j f t t ? w t , Wm\ (wtttttt t t t t t t t t c 5 ) 1 fttfc t t f t t t t e ? I wlt-wttwe?? t f w ffefffw f p t i t j f
w t , t t t t f t t ff w t , tRitn o w t , t t t t i w t , ttwtt 80 w t , c t t t t t w t ? f f t t f t e ^ t a ? f w c t ? W W i o f f 8 / i f e o f f Wet w w t t f t -
ffwt, t t t t f t t t i f f f t s CT55, t ^ i w t , t t t t f t i i f f f t s c f g , W^w w e t a f t f t f f ? t t n f t t ?? (t?t? a f w ? twtt
tttfs5t i w t , t t ? # t ? i wiQw i w t , tttfit o w t , ^ fttjttt o i i w? t t w f i t , f f t f f w t t ? ^tc f f t w ? fttte?), ffte?? w^
w t , (ifeffo f & t c ^ ttttititttfc?? t t wit-tttwf wftt f f f ? w f e ? W f t - t f W - a ? ttt t ? ( C f ffww t W 'stte? W 1
t t t t i f e f f o '^., w t e t t ifeffff %; 810-8 t t t w t t - ^ t f t , ff I c t f t i r ^ e R f w i f f w s wtt-wt?l?f? w t t f ^ e w wtwetr?
?"tPltJlf?-WTtt Wtt-'WtrfeUf. 8t., Wtett ifeffS o o i ) I W W i i o o f t w f w t ?tcw Wlt-wttwe?? w t t t e t ? ( t ^ t K ?
ife?H -ptU^ iff t l w t t t ctttt ?tttt f t tw Wtt-Wtf?tt t t w t t ) w t t ? ? f w 5 ^t?te? I ct?5t? ( W f t t ) - a ? t t t t f i t
t]wiet tttft?t w f c t t t w tit I c t t ttt t t w tit t t f t t c f wwtw t w t w t f ffttnw ffr? t t f w t t t r ? w f f f t f ê? 1
1 a t ftesf fffw? tftnte?? t c t t f f f f w t t\| ^ 1 tweF?
c t f 5 ? t i t t t ttettett tntte? i?tt '5rtt f?t tsfte 'st
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fffi tttc t t C f (ifeife f f t t f t t t t S i , OV5J,OOO; ifeff8 f t r e t ? tetr c t t ? t l c t ? f - t w f t ? w f f w f t f t w ttfw, ctft
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t t w Wtfte?? W W W W t t l ? f f t ^5t I ^ t t f f ^ w t i t f f we? ffttte?? t f t w f r e t ? # t f f i ? f e t ? Wftt ttc wtw tr? 1
ifeffS % w t t - w r t r e t ? wewct c?fte?? w t r f t ?et? t f t f ?
a t t t f w t f i t tt w e t ffo ffww? (ifeffff ^ . ) ; t W ? f t f i ?
f i t tfwttct? t ^ f i ? f >s f f t f ? c t t r ^ tttt?tf?^tc tt fits ? o o o ??ITF f i t ( g . w t t - f r f i # , wit-wrsrr? f w t t f
t t r ? 1 t f c t f waet? w t t t t f f t j t f i ? W W t f l f s f f t f ? tt ?| "wit-a ms w t f t t w f f e f f w , w t e t t i o i 8 ft., i t . , isn-fev^) 1
a ? ?T?ft f i t I w t f i t t t ? -^tafCR? W W t t w c t n w t f t f i t a t i
t t w a ^ w f ? a f t t trftjcf? f t f t w f f f ? t e W 5 W artesf
w?t? t t f w t ff f f t f ? t t t - a ? w f f f ^ c t t f t I ffltttfttt wit-wr?rff wttiet? f f f B f t f t t w t f f t f & w c?fte?? w t t e s t
w f f f ? f f t t t tt<3 ^ I www t f c t i t V fftf? ttt^ w fftwe?? s ( i ) f w r w t t f t 'wTtfffT? w t t - f f f f , f.

fff I C f t ? C f t ? c t f T?rct? w t f f f c t ? W W w f f f w w t t t f f f
iiofe/i^bfeo, (?)f?iwtwif-?mf ,f. i i ? o f ? . , ( o ) 'wi?ft-
WW t w ? ft? 1 ê t t w f f l e f t fft? t r ^ f w t f - f t f f , tr? W W ? ? ? t e ^ t l t f fft ?? a t i

ifeffo <{.
w t t w f e f W ? t w t w t fffee? ( M I D E O , o t . , s i i - i r ) 1 t t f i f c t ? wwjwe? f f s f Wat? cftWstt t f t f ? t ? ? ; ( 8 ) f ? T W t

a f t w e ? W f t - t f t t ? t 3 wact? w?iw f W ? f t f ( i f e f f o f H H , f t t ? f l e t ? W?Jt t f f t w , f . i i o o ft.; (ff) t t ? l f t
f S t e ^ t e t wit wact? w w ?tt f ? l ??) 1 t t f f ? t f ? f t t w t f - W f f , f . i i o i ft.; (b) ' W l ? f W ? W t f - f t ? ? t f ;
at t f t
f c t i t - f f t t t ? f c t wit-wt??l?t flyi w f e ?fte? a f w a f f t ? t w , f f f s i w e t ? ttt fr? t w t s f i t a t i f r e t ?
f p fttw? f t ? f t w t t f g t f f w ? t f e ? ? W W t f p ? f i t (?? t t f f ftfe?, f . i i i i ft.; ( 1 ) f t r r t t f t w t t t w i t - f r p t i f
t f f t f w i t t t f e ? t t ^ f f w w?tw w f ) I t f t t e ? w t f ? t f t e t ? wif-titwf, f f w t f w , W t r ftw t b f f w , f . i i b - i ft.
W W a?5ft fSftsw ?j?ft tftttc? I t ^ w t f ? t t rw^fft t e t i e t ff? 1 f?r5i ww? a ^ . t f f a
t t t w e t ? f t i t f i t f t t t c ? f t ? ? o t i ^ g w f t t t f ti^tt ftet? tftw WW f C ? (Brockelmann, ?t., o ? o , f f f f t ,
wte? a ? i t?tet? a f f t f f t w w t f t w t t t ? ?s?t ?ttlc? 1 cw? ?t., 8 8 f f ) ; ( V ) ' W l ? f ? - ? l t f w r t - t t f f , f . i i b - ? , ft.; (fe)

cw? ft?tf-a? f f t f t e ? w t f f f ? W f t f t f i f f e t ifeffff j. Wt?-Wt t f ? " W l t t f t - f t t t W l t 8 - W t t f # , f . i i f e ? , ft.; ( i o )
t f w w w e t ? C f H w t t t w f f w f ? t ?? w t I t f f t t f f f e 'Wl?f!t-?1?tH W t t - W l f f , r t t t f Wfre?? W f t t f ; f f f f 1 ? t
wtwftw?ief ?taet? w w a f t f f t t t e ? wte? 1 io8fe/ifeoo ttet? w t t - t t f t f f - ? tcwiet f f t t e t ? ffw ?? a ? i 5 ^ f # ' t wct?
wtt-wtt?te?? a f t t w f f f t f a w tfttie?; ftrwftet? t ? f i f f c t t t ^ T t ; ( i i ) wt?-wt w t t - w i ? i f , f f w t r w ? , f .
f t t a a t t t a w t t ? w t t ? t ? bi tete? f w t - t t w t t t c w i ? o b - / i 1 f e o - 8 ; ( i ? ) 'Wt?fW? W H - W f f t f f r ? C ? f t ?
f t f t w ? f t f t l t t w i w g t - w l t w ? W W ? ? 1 âWw w t ? f l t - a ? f t W f t e t cttwttttf w f % t H f Q b i R ^ o T I 1 tft W W I W tft^ t j f w
t t w f fffCflt
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Contents
(00) f f w t W Wtt-WWt"^, ?? ro, f . iolj8/ife8ff; (08)

% W T m i Wtrm Ctt t t t ? t ^ tffe fit, f. f f w t w " W t ^ - f l f f e ' , a?sw? WWjw tlffw?!? ?jft5f, f ? T W t
i ? ? V i V i ? ; ( i o ) f^Tsrtt W t f - f t t t ^ W f , f f f t f t r o t f f ^ ' W ? f ? - m W W , University of Lyons (France)-a?
w t t - t t ? f ? f s i t l f R w T t ; cfcttw w t t t t t t t a c f e t ? fIctt, f . "w?!) m i t t ? f t t f t ? t?f?witt? f t t t t t f ? f f w ro ft?? 1
i ? o o ft.; ( i 8 ) f?"mt wtt-W?rf, f . i?8ff ft.; (iff) wt^'ttt t r o t w r o t w t t s f ? t t w w ?w tc^-a W f f i ? f i ? i f wt?tcf
t t t "wtf W t t - t t t l f , f . i?8>!j ft.; (ib) T T t t t t t t f ^ t W t W R t f w fc?? a ? i wtt-wifTc? t f f t aw f t f f ^ w t ? t f f t t ??
wtt-'wtw1? [5.]. f t r o SFlttt t % 5 ctttttttt f i t m i f f f t c?, a f t t fttwiw F t i f t t t io>!j>!j/ife8i wtt w n a ? t a w ?^
tiW? Wtttt ttw fittt I f. i?ffo ft.; ( i l ) T t t t ttw wtro t t t I ( O f f ) f ? t w t W'f? w t f - f f f t t f t , f .
wtt-f ttttf, f. i?ff8 ft.; ( i t r ) WtTttt wtt-tttt i o > 5 5 f e / i f e f f o I t r o t??ff c?ft?Rfc?? w w t f t t t ttfftt
WTt-ttfff, f. i^-Jso ft.; (ife) t t ? ! t l t t t t f T T O w t t - t t ^ f t , fftt?? f t w f f f ? WW8tatC? R f f e Rlf*|t f t t W t 3 C t f ^ f f ^
f . i ^ i i , ft.; mswt t f e f f t t ? i t t tf?f&; (ifets) 8 tt?rtTtf ff^TO R ^ , ? ' j s wtftift, i f e f f ? - a ? f t t t r o WW, ?o wwt,
m w w w t t t t , c t t t t t t 8 t t t r f t f f i atsft tfttt ifeff?-a? Rtttff W f t f t ? I wwtfft cwta c ? f t ? f t t ?
W t - W t W t g ? W t t t # tff^ftW W R ; ( ? o ) fW^TW W f - W ? v f w t R t ? t t ? WW t ? f t ? t w ^ttw WtWtf? f t ? t f t t f t w t
(i?trl/ib-'o-i) t w f f f t t l W t ? t WW t t bsft w:?t I WR ttttf f W ??; (olj) ' w t t f f - w t t f ttft, ffwjtt ft?? 8
f t r o t f t f f ctfSttt'f? t t w t i w ? W * H RTSf T t ; ( ? i ) Ctct^, ifeffi; (01) t f ? I % t wttif, i o Cf^. ifeff? ffWJtf;
w t - ' w i t < i f w t - w ? f w t - ? T W f , f?tff t t r o fttgtt?? t t t t (ov) "wttft-witf w f t ( f f e t t r o ) , t f w j t t i l ctct^,

(i?fefe/itrV?) R t t f f e W t t f T W t W f - W t t t f f rot ^TtftftW T t , i f e f f ? ; (ofe) f ? t W f w t t - f f f ? ^-W??, ifeff8 WCt? Wifttft?
ioo8/ib-b-'j3 Rttt f f f t w r o t t t t f t w c t t ; (??) f t t * ft?t,tRWnt f t f t ; ( 8 0 ) 'wttf?-?t?"W? w t w , tJtt?t

w t - ' w t w f t , atswt ftw tjfw fIctt, wttft t f t t w t t t ffSlttfJttt?? docteur es Lettres t f t f t f t ^ , tttt??? Ww b-
ttftt? ftt?tf fict? I iOio/iVfeff Rttt w r o w t t ? s f T t ? WIfftft, ifeff8 I
ft? ftftR ftr? ffft^ wt ttwt ffttw TI I R t f f e RlW?RfC?? f t t f t s f t w w f t f t i t W t f t f t ?
(Brockelmann, S . ?t., 1 8 ? ) ; ( ? o ) T t f t t W f - W ^ f , ctntttt t t WtTCf? t t w t r o fwrsi? f w f t f ? , a t t f t
5f?airo a t tjfw^ f t t ? w f ? f t f t w w w wtfst? fict? I w i t ? wttw? I a t w w f t w w ? f f f f t t f c ? ? WwtiwR? f t t t f w
ffejiw;?? r a f ? ^ tctt f t r o t c t t t r o f i t m i w r o t f t t c t ? f f t w f f f i t WIT wtw a t i t f f f t cwca t ? l t f ? c? c? w i f
Wwfffcw f f f < f f f e t tlR? f f f e I ffft Wt-W?TC?? c a f f t w ?lw?wttt f t f e ? tttttit WW wttt I wtt? ttt t ? t t
t f w t t f W ' f ? f f t f t t w t w t f f f f t ? ? a ? i ivfe-js {%ttR? W f T O f ? i RS? c?, f fttrtlffe w . f f f f f??? wtt??
R l W ? t f ? tttCWbW f T O . W f t f W<STt; ioil/ib-fefe w t t ffft f t ? R? t f f W W f f e f i t W I T ? l ftttlttt W ? t f f t f f f e
W T w t t f t ? ? ; ( ? 8 ) 'w?f?-?t?'ro f f t Wf-W'sw?'^, f t r o wtfl?w t w t t f ? i t tJtftt? W t W f f | W f t ? I wtf-W??tt?? ?^
fwfftttt? ttWttt? wtjtt tiW? Wttt? f t t f t ffwf f r t f ? tfw tfw fgtfttf tfw f f w t t f f c ? WR?? w
fwjistW -a w f f f T O W t w t W-aW ro; (?ff) t t f t W t - f w t f f , f f f w R??tf f f f l t t f R f C ? C t ? t f t ? ? 1 R f f t ? ?tft?
tf?gw? 3 W W w f f w w t W ? a f W ? t t f ^ tjtw; t t t f ? f?TfR? ff^fffJtttRft?? f f W f Wtf-WTtTt?? f 6 5 W ? ftf?
WfwtfC?? f t t t t t f ? f f f t R?ttffeft? Wtftcw?; f ? T W t t f w f t ^ f ? t t w ffttwwtc? f t t ? f t ? W I wtftitwwtt?
"wttf? f t r o fcfltCt f t R i W t t f l S ? f l f f?t?lf f i t t t , i o ? o f w w f w t f ? ffw? f t w f t ? t f w f , W f f f t tttt t f f T O f I
ft. WTWJIt f t ? ? ; (^b) "Wtf WTt-ffeWft, i o ? o ft. f t W t f w t ? t t t f wtt-wtwt?? f f w f t s f ? #??wat? ro f f t f t w
f t ? t ; ( ? 1 ) 'Wl?f?-?RW? W t f - f f f f f , f t r o t w w ttlfeW? ?? f f f f f j t t t ? ? f f w f f t t ? f t r o t f t f f t t ? ? f i t I f t t t
WW w f f R W f f e f i c t ? , i O ? 8 ft. f t w j t f f t ? ? ; (?lr) ?1RfW ^ttfttttft?? t r a f f f wtft^ wtf?tfftt? aftt f t j tift? f S
Wt?-?t^S?tff, ffetfttt?? WW f t t t f f e ? ? io?l/ifeofe Rttt, ifeolr ftfftt? I b t^t? t f t t f ? f t t t t f w t f f t ? f wt? W t J t t
'f&ttR? Wtc?? ctfwcw ftWJtt f c ? ? ; (?fe) t t f t W t - f t f f t , a f w ? wit?tft c? t f w ?j?ft? ttw wâftt?tfe ?? f r o cfwttft
ffetfWt?? WW, f . iooff ft.; (00) f ? 1 W t Wtft-ftft wrot tffftttW f f f j t t t ? ? cgtwttw ttc w t ? c t f t
Wf-fWft, f. i08>l5/ife?lr; ( o i ) f f w t w Wtt-W?tft, f?l*ilh wtff I f ? t f # f j i t ? t f t ? Wf?tftttt? w s ftttt? t t ? f Ww
' W t ? f ? - m f f w , io81r/ife?fe Rttt t t w j t f f t ? ? ; (O?) fTWt w t s ? I tft w i f ? i t i f t wtft? fttw t a t i t t ? ? t f w ? i t f wt?tt
Wlt-Wt?Wf Wtt-Wt?tf5f, iOff8/ifeOff Rttt t t W J i f f t ? ? ; ffWf ftwt? fttf f f f c w wc? wet WTTtf? w s ^ - t f t w
ttWftfffCftt
t.ft. ^b(t
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Contents
<ti8
Institute of Education-'^? m^tai afAt ssfes s f i S t s ? wtnmft t >asstt f w w n , nAff#nitncn fnfnn fftftn ff?&t
Wtn-WtSAlS WfSS W cs, s i l S tS^fs^lJMSnfAtAts >|J||CtlHlS ftfin >ant trmewj tnntenn' wtAsm mtAw AtsicA i tms
wis* nc=fA S5CS cs, ssfwts fscsif t ^ tAts ms^ttncns sffwsnnnscw wtmm wtmens maens >at nn steijjn S?s stmen
stfw fssit w r s i t f mi tAts sntff^ * ntsrfn^ stfwtemjiiAs ntf%^ stsw ssm f^tnn fncn; wiAtm nnn mf^tewnntmc liitsfn
wsff% m , 'annff tAts Rfwg w f s c i s mtttcs* WtAtst w ^ t fwm^tR m tssffnwfnss stsw m A S I sfttfn^ * mmfnss cs m
^fscw S f [ t (g. s i l S t l t t t ^ t - ^ I S A l S A n , nt 8, sift' A, n^m (tntt) Rt^ts cjtfew tm f ^ cn*m tt i at n w
ione/iS)**) I tAicw .at sisstcss wtigmcts fss^cw atfwcsts stse^ fsnns? fln SntAst^t, mf^t m ^ fnR, ntnnw-.an
tf?st cmms fsss ffotcs wicttfb I st^fft wts* c s f wftn stst nrnms, nmttenn fssn, n^RntA twjtR i tntentbm * n f W ât
tcv5 s t n fnnffntcts ncsr f nt%^ ns, nst % f t f n f t it, lann n w ffsen îsffnw stmnfn^ m A*sm wm macnnc^ nnmt
f s s fnfnn m w c ^ nnmn'f tAtcw ftjsstntf ntmess mfn sscs i Stent cn*m tt i f f ? tmcw wctntfw wfsnwn w n f
too s w mst wtf-wtnmcss st^fft nmstPts mftcs s%icA I f m s fsssnfA Resbî w t A S ntt i isx^'i % fnfnn srwntn
AtcwcA, fntt t w t f f s c s t f ^ vassft f n f n n nntews w m wtf-wtfAtness jgenn nntm, mmfSrss st^jfmf, ffwmn, mfnnrn
tcmw% f f w * w t n c ^ fscsb-tts wtn-wtnAfcss stfw n ^ f % tilfnn mm Rnn n t c f tti stmenn wt^sm wtmn (mRm f w n ,
^ c s litnt tAts stms ffwfwf%^ *Mw^f*t^ cnt n w s t c s t w n w-fsmms tntentsm, j>v isxji) i w t mwtfntfn-wmms
fntitcw nncmmcs nn<f f% m I tfasts tms ssfwts w*mn stmn nsm A S (wmenn nem Aot.,
wtn-wtfAtcss Rtns^ * strsm matf^ fnnn * wmtm cncts j>o<\j>R., f. b-s>-s>(2-) I f f ? -at n w S*css ntnssm wwr
#snntmn cn ^ ntw nsRmfln mi wmtnfn cn ^?tcnn R n c ^ ntfns I ncn A S wt^t^' n n i f n ^ t t fffew ttesn mt en,
n ^ f fn^ f ^ I sftnw nmn fnfnn fnrcms m t c tAts maf^ stfwtnsft ttfêw -at n f n msm mm wfe wtmens fwew
cn fnmn "mn ntw f n w mm c w r f^tw mntcnt n t f f t w ^^w ff nsens wfwcmt Strtn fnsTcm i wf* wrmens stcett fnnsn
m, liit mttten wtfAfcnn mtffwss tfnent* wcnnsttet mff fln i ns, swmen wtm W f s i f f ? trmwj * wtffn^ sffst^tsft^
wtn-wtfATs >atmen t A s * attmtsen t n n t f * tAts cntn ffnfntetn f n f 5 tms fntnwm wfw tsmen stfnnrn i âtn
ntsttnfA n t s ^ t w t t s fln i wtf-wtnms >ann f f ? n f s e t s t w wm-wmmcn wtfR^ i^fwmfn^ twR wtm wtgfn^ mmmnm
StntA stmn nsfsntcA mms mmen t m s wtennn f t f n AtsicA i mm stwtfw ^ m fncwenn fwtmm Smn fnsm mmen fssn
ent^fn i^cwcA f n e n n stfw mfn^ * t f n ncntmn, wtRctmm, nten st^ wntn i >atn t w maenn wwrrstifn stentwfn
ffmntm * ftnscw sjf ^ mi nfsgess ntmm ntn i f nwtn * c^mm stewcA ssm >ant '^fwew n^ ntti^ mm nftsw
Aif^-iijs .^fwATtwwtes sn^^^^ cjs^fwn nttnÂ -at nmstfw^ten w t I c w c w Asw .at f m n w m wtntet -at wn^tess m f
sftmm ntw nsfnstfln i tAts f^^twsnfn csnn csnn n n m w t n f w n ntmew SntAst^t fnntA fne^^cnn mm fnns c w r f f ^
wtm * wttntttan fTttf% w w n nsfnm v^fwAtntft fnnsn^nfCA wtff^ nsv^m n? * tms ntnfnt stffamm tms wm c w fnr.
f n m n wsraenn mmen nAwwnwtcn f n r n ^ f n m e A n i tAtew nsn w m (B. 'JnRns wm-^tflfsnrt, ts-in wtf., isxjs) i wmtm
wtmrn cntfnwten csnn mnm m f f w n t f n r n ^ m s n nnrnn mt t ^ -at nen wtf-wtfAtsess cmf ntnr w n cn, tm nn nnest
(njfwajfwten SeatemtT t A RntA ntfnswmttjtm^) i tfÂlcns ntmess tct mm f f t fnnteA, sttfw n?n nsfnrncA, tnntenn
cwm nsfwtn wtffn^ atnw ( S n t A s t ^ t , ^ t wtn-wtfAtn stncsf) l a w t a n^s^sict Rewe^ wtfts nsfnntcA, wts tnnm ntm * mm
n s T f f n stnewn mm mt twfwcw nfsw AtstcA ( n # n - t m f n Rbicss Stn sffwfiw lant nnstw siws>is f f m f i fnfnn
ntssnn, f n f n f A twitf^) i sttfn wtntw? * mifntan n^rnnf nntew srcr^ fRmrn ffnn fnRn fnsen nwmw mcnn w f s w
n t e f ' t f n w t m n t f w t m t n f^tnmstt wfw f n r m n sftffn ntet I c w c w stfwtm, nm: ntftn ffaRiinsnfA ntmew
ttfnfm t t i Smn nsfnm cntsfn n t t n m nsfsntem ntm tens^ * wtsFfn, ffssA, wrsf tTtR Rnn f ^ ntcmr nm^'wtcA WtAtm
fnmn m R c n n f n f s f l n ' s ^ f 4 1 mnRwien -at srrnn istnwt .a^ -nnsn fnnn fnewntt fsbiss> stew wi^tf, nR* fmenn >at
cmft cmft f n R t n wntetn stcntwens nft n t n ^ f - f ntAtenn Semtt ari5f*> ns i mat * f*t^s^cnn -at smtm wtmcnn wjft
t t f % f 4 * nnnjtf^ R ^ Renf wmstm mm f R w A S mt, m^ nsntwfws w ^ ^sten* nntewn Stn Sms s t w A S W fs^n
f f 'stfiwn fnfsnf' nfnm (nwmn cssstcss n w t f n t f ) f t w wtnnn fses m (fA. wtAntn ttntâiA ntan ntm, it^s n-ai
vaii6f<ii< cnA n w w n e t r f n f n f s * ntm nrnnmcn af^fn i w i f., g. i v i i D E O , it., ofe-Hcj.) I mtfw^ w n wm-wrnmenn
t n n t n cnttcn wtms wsmtm nwm ntf^tew n ^ AtstcA i w n t j stn^ ^ fnw; fnm cn^ntf wtmne mfwn ^ rnn A't cn.
tnntf ffjiemn
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Contents
<ti<t
Copenhagen ife??'^.; ( i o ) AS. Tritton, Materials

I f e ^ W f T t t ' - m ftsstftcfg W f i ) I f TO f T T i ; TOt on Muslim Education in the Middle Ages, t ^
t r f w - m TOHt, ifeffff f (MIDEO S t . , Sb, \r) I m f e f e t i f e f f i %; ( i S ) J. Heyworth Dunne An Introduction
R t t t ^ w t f t t t t t t f wttftTOt W f f f e a f w f t m w to the History of Education in Modem Egypt,
w i t ? i M ? f f t TOttfetrt? wa tttm t t t t R t t ^ w t M b t t f c t I t ^ ifeofe If.; ( i f f ) t f W f t t WWCW, L'enseignement
^ f t 3 t t w w l t T I ct, W T O t Wa t t (>o-i'j5 C f f . , ifeffS) I islamique en Egypte, fl?C?l ifeofe 'sj.; (i^b) ' w t f
t f f wwftrf W f W f t t WTO wwctt ttfîkt? ftftit 'wt?ft-?Tfff, f f ? WW? f f w t w 'wtff-wffe', W t e t t
t W C S t t f i t C T O f t t f T l f f o ? T O W W W t f c t t t f C t I CfltWtrft ifeff I f I i f e i i f ? t c W t - W l t T ? t W t f W t ? f t f f f , w t ?
wwctt t f f t i t c f f^ t t f t wt|f t c t t T O WW a f t t t J t f t ? f ? t f W f T O , REI, i f e ? 1 %, feff-iib-, S^ff-ff?fe;
W f t c t f f t t w f T O t t c w W 5 ttet w ttw t f f t t t - a ? W t f W - t ife?b- S I - i M , ?ffff-001, S o i - 8 o ? ; ifeoi ?Si-?1'!s;
cwca f t t w t i t I w w t t c f t t t c t wTt-WfWct? t t i w t f f t t ^f ifeo^ If., i - s o ; ( i l ) A Sekaly-a? f ? ? f f c t t t i ; (ib-)
T t C t O ttCfCf W W fct? t f t W T O wc? I t ^ t l t T f ftt%Ct? ifeo-b 'fSte^ w t ? Wftte? f t f f ? t ? c f ? W W ftfttfe t?ftf
WW W H - W t t T O W < t t t t ? I Tl w t t c t f f e f t f t t c t t w f W T O t l i j w t t t w w i t - W t T c ? ? f t w ? '?ptit? ^c ^ j t f -^tf fi%w
tttfe? f f w t t t t c ? wTt-WfWe?? t f f c? t??if w? W T W f t e ? t f t f t t w ?t?te? I ( t t t t i ^ t t t f f t f f e T ? f f ?
ftwe t t f ? ^ f t k t I ifeob--Sff w e t ; www t t f e f f t ? a f f t f t f f t f f t f f e T I
f f f i t 8 JfB?T f?tftWe? t t f t f t www, Bibliographie ifeffo-l3 ^.) I wffe Wesitvs ^ f?T T I ; (ife) ffttftwtft-Wtft
analytique et Critique touchant la question de W t t - W t T ? OWt- WWlftftf-ffttTt ft t t t l " V o r - l (ifeffO-8)
Tenseignement en Egypte depuis la periode des w t - t t t t w t f s f f t ttwwe? ftftie?? r
Mameluksjasqua nos jours, fltc?l ifeob- i fte? J. Jomier (E.I.2)/W?ft Wetw
sm ??te? w f f t f e w?^ g. ( i ) W f f t f t , t f e t w , ft?e?t i o ^ - b W ( t f ^ w j ^ ^ o ^ f t 8 ifeob--ffo'j., TO Ctttt W t f , W t t l t
ft., S t . , Sfe-ff^, ( ? ) f f s f , ^ t f t - f T f t W , i?fefe ft., ? t . , ( f f f T O ) W f T O , W. W f W t ? . WlWffe t ^ W f t t f j f I f f f t
ib-O-S, ( o ) w r t t ? f t ? t f f W t ' w t f fTW f ? T ? T f , fft1fwte? C f t t tMtc? t f w i f t T T wt; ? t - f f f f t i f t f t i t
W t - f f e t f W - W l f W , S t . , ife-8S I i f e f f w f ? f f ? - ^ ^<t ICf? 'wt?f, W f f f f : tww W W f c ? f I f t t f t ? ^c tfft
WW g t t r , ( s ) f w t w t w w t , w m - T i w f t w t - w t n f t , fftw? t i s r l ' i t f f w e w t e ? w s , f f ? t fe?t.i t f f t w ? i t f f f f :
t F t f f t - W t ' S T ? f t w f f f f - W t T ? (fl?e?l, f . i o ? ? ft.) (ff) wtffTO-t tt?Tt t t t f aftt watttf tfaw t f t f fC?? (ifeos
f f w t f t W??1t, t f W W f t w t f f f t - W t T ? , f l f C t f i o ? i ft. I f ) I W S t ? 'Jtftf tlf?TO-a? t T O t w t t f t f f W T T m i f f T
W f f t f f t e t t WW (4>) W T T O W f t - f f t , W t t - W t t f f t - W t T ? t w f w t e t ? T t WCf? I t w ?bTO t w f t 'J?fttcij? w f f f t f I
f t w f t w t f t f f t , fttcst io-bb-ZifeSfe ftcttwe? w f t ? T ? ( 1 ) t w f t w e t f f t w t wwt ? ^ fC?? I t f t f W f w t ^ ^ 'slf
f T i w t 'wt?ft-f?'tt f t f t f , wtt- w t t r ? f t w t f f 'wt, w i ? f f t t t f -îff ^^1^ f r o f c f t c t t t j ? ^ I
f t t e w i o i s ft. (ifeffff If.), o t c Q , WTC wfaifwic? f t f t t WlW f f f C f t t , i t . , ? o i
t f t t a t w c f ' wtewbw t t r n e ? ; (b-) ' w r t f t - f W w t t
^ K ^ M *^5rr^ fTff^snft 8 W f t t t f ; ftif f w r f ?
W t - W t f , w t f ' s j t - t fW?' t f t - W f T ? , ft?C?t w. ft., W W
t t w e ^ W l W w f t w - w t f I WSWW t i f ? w?wf-? t w t g r o
ifeffo 'f^tcR? c t t t f c f t w ?? I cfctiw a t i^tfrfff f f t t
(^. t i t j t sfe'b) fe?t I
wtt-wtfwc?? w f f e t i w ? t f e ? ? f c t f t t ^ t i f j f f c f t
WlWftfCflt, i f . , ?o?
w t j w t I tTc i f e f f w t f ? Cft t f t ? ^ c wit-wt?Te?? t t f e
f t i f ff?stfe?? a f t t w t t t w w w ^ ?ttlc? I t e t t t t t i t i c t ? ^srm-^srtf^tft (csj-ajVi) 8 wt-wit?if a f f t f f t f t I t r
WW g t ? j (fe) Vollers EI' g. W t - W t t T ? t ? ^ ; ( i o ) E. Dor, TOt a t ? tjfwcf ftn? ffft w t c T O w t t - W f T ? (g.) ft'Stfwrtc?
Linstruction Publique en Egypte, ib-b-fe o S f., f f t c t t ffttte?? I
?off f . ; ( i i ) P. Arminjon, L'enseignement, la TO->ft(lf<lll, 'lT^'"SfTf ( _. .s n\\
doctrine et la vie dans les universites ^j_Aj,VI)g t f ? ' w t w t f w ? t f ? W T T O W t l W t f t a ftttf
musulmanes, f l l t t t i f e o i if.; ( i ? ) Jobs Pedersen, afttfc^tbfttw I i i'bi/iisb-wet ctw f f t t ? w t f t t f?t
Al-Azhar, et Muhammedansk Universitet, T I ' f t T t i f t - t ' w i t f f t - T t t ^ "flWt- w w t t ' I f f W e ? ? f g
ttwf ftfCftt
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Contents
W W
fntfs wtnpiA t m s mm mPift ste lilt ' f i t M mm n4 stew Q?F nsfnm * t j n'ffas tc^ S m n m ^ stmcA i tffn-
wtm m s mms f s s s t Ahlwardt s t w AtsiCA; g. ntn^n wtms f t n i f n - ' w n m sfe? n ^ nfnntet wtas"^ fiftn
Brockelmann, At., A v n i nmAts ssfsntc^n i
C . Brocklemann, {E.I.2)/>a. <sitjs.m. s f w s r 5 t # s ( i ) m'fw, t s m n , ^ n . , iisn-ss, w e m n t w t ,
iit., itos-n; (A) t n n t t f l w , w e m n t w t i i o R , it.,
fAimw t s n w m n t f n mtn-mtfAis w s f mf%sfn n ? w ^ ; R f n (toy, ( o ) f A ' f n n f n , w e m ii8v f , o t . , sev-Â; ( 8 )
AvVb-'*'? men mslw-ii wnptAt w n vffs?. l a f t tAcs ono/jsvo Zettersteen, MO, xlv {iiAo f . ) , i-ioto; (e) Kraemer,
men t n R m n ssesn i R f n flenn wtms ^êntmf wRntn ntssnss Oriens, vi (iS>eo f . ) , A i o ; (to) Brockelmann, it.,
fANiw t f n wfmts w n - f f f s f ( o A V ^ 8 o ) - n m a i w n - f n R ' f f A^, SLiis'l I
m'ntn ( B . ) w n - f n t f s t n 0.)-'iin m a flenn (g. m f s , t s m n , R. Blachere (E.1.2)/ii. ^fpst sffss
tot., 8to8, snsem m w n , i v n . , n.) i w t snent
^-*IKA.I?1, ^^^rfft^ {^\ ^1 ^ ^ j V I ) s tsn
w n - W f A l I t tm^ w f n m f l e n n nfnm wtm nin i m'fw-ian
f f t n n m w n - A t m f fwfn ' w - f s n i m ^ t - f t w t m f ntntftf-
n^Htfsif mnmcn fwfn fmpm^ntnA-'an f n ^ m t w n fnnen f*r^
fnntm' .ffttfn iioo/itovv nenn w i ^ t f l nnen fnetn i -at ste?
sJAt w n I fwfn wn-nf^wiw t n n fstnn mm f f ^ sjwtmflw
fwfn nenn, w n fnntntew f?mt wtm d t m , i f cn*m m t m wcss
a t n t f l e n n i m'fw nswf stms m R f m t f f A t n (ntmm
S t n cmm m f f w c s n f f m f (5. Ahlwardt, erzeichniss
w n - w n m f s * f^^tws flenn nfnnt nsf5tw weA)-ias wtfnmn S t n
Vder arab Hss. Der Kgl. Bibliothek zu Berlin, n t
n R fmsn nsm as wen tm n m ntn, fmsn m R f fn^'A mmess
AtoJ8) I f f f ' A ntan m^ ate^n* f w R n s f f m 1 f f ,
W t A t s t f l n stm? I oiV59A8 men f w R nnn A^sisiUnA n ^
W f n ^ twnfn n t c f t t f ' w e w n ^^n fnncn fnf?tw f m s -at
stew fnsm s t w j m ^ f n e m i e n n wnn wn-mfs-vg nstntfnm n n
ti?ssttRt ntn 'stA'ffn-ffnm*n f ^nsfns-f^' *ntn-m*n'
wiAienness w a m n nsfnm wtmens fss? n t t r w s awjt w mi
f f ? entssess n f w : nt^tnenn csffnenn Atew w n - W f s i f ^
st^tit s Brockelmann, At., 8 i o 1
ntnn n f f s n mnn w n i i^t csffnm w m f nwmen f f ^
C . Brockelmann (E.1.2)/.a. -sm. n f f ^
A t s i f i n I m'fw * t f n m f f W mf5 wfeesen wrms mf5
m w m S ^ fnnteAn i Sm Atew W T mn, fwfn -at mntnnenn ' < t t ^ (^1 ^ 1 ^->-c : h
nes? f s n mnn f n m wtmenn m m ^sf * wtm tstentimi f n m n _ ^ ) g t f n " w s f n ^ t f n - w f ntfn fnnfn-at
femn sjAt nsfnmflenn i f m s new tmens m m f|n wsj fmsw i n r t ^ t f n n fnnenn t t f o r lamw wmwt' ( ^ ) rnn^ ^
wtms wnfit f n n nAmtfw i smm w t as, n t f f s n fwfn f m s wnptAt w n (wtnwf-n nftw n t f f w w w f * n T t mens S ^ ) 1
wsf^tent fst^snm * w n n mten f s t t n t e ^ I iit mnft nstn* ^ t n * wrms csmn stemt nsm as mi-
ntfs^ t s n ntfamn ^ f f stts wtfnsst "êw w n - W f A t f n ho<t/)>8hh men w e n r e w tnfwsstn wnn 1 R R ' w n -
C5fitft f s e w ntn wtm nm (wn-ffw"^ wtsm f f m ste? S-i? fîf^rm^-wnAtfsnrr f tnfnn-'wntfnmt' f f ^ n n w t
w t R w W s f ^ S ^ f n m e ^ ) i wtms nfBw W f wtrnn-van r?mfnn nsfnwt (nt fntns iAÂ R , R ^ ff^c^ t f W i A ) 1
f'snm * f'watssTw-.itn wtm f ? n r f w wtfmmn mnmns fwfn w e m n s e s f t nTtssnt-f?ns n ^ nsfnmte^ 1 fwfn cnt
a t ? f w s m fsnnss i '\oiAf f n - f f t ' nten f m s m^ f % s m w w wtcnm* m m R f t n w w n 1 W n - f f f s n fsm * wtn^fnm-n*
fsmmn ( t f n mfltw-ias n n n n t n^fnf^ f l n ) i f ? n t R n fwfn mm nsm w n 1 w n - f f w * ^ f m s wnwn m a nfnm t t r
Tttnmn nstw n t ^ An m t i nwn, t ^ t i n wmew t m n nsm AS I
m^RR nfsnteA (5. Brockelmarm-ian w t R m ) i w n - W f A t f f ar^tilt g ( i ) Brockelmann, At., A'i; (A) m n f n ,
f ^ f t ^ w n - f n f n f Atew cnnn w t r ntstA w n Sms f'wr^-mwf^mfwn-'wstfnnjt, f . v i i 1
nnnen S ^ f ? m R ntnsRw; m'f^, t s m n , f . wn- C . Brockelmann, {E.1.2)/-a. ^ mf^
fnfn'ffn wsîenn m^^ fn*nmtw n t e f * tmew S c a t wca; 'srmtfs- ( j i j i ) g ^ mmn Azov, t t t f s t t sttfn ( f ^ )
f ? m f n n t n f ^ ttcwcA, n t f n wtAm ffwtfn-'wnn-'a cn ntnTanais (Jos Barbaro-ian "01d-Tana")-'an cstfnscw
v^fwcAm fism w n tme* wtm mmtAw ntm stntcA i f n s s m Tana men f w f t w w I -at '^mft iooto f . - i i f t
n^fgifn^ mwm m t i wen !fmse^ cjgf fsmin wfstff t t t f n n m f s c a c f i t t n m i ^ m n w n t ^ ' ( j i j i ) ^liVioii n n
tnntf ffsemn
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Contents
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the Great and the Ottoman Empire, Oxford ife8fe

[Genoese) (ioi'b'^. <M?l4lf? w ? W? 1? f ; (ff) W. Heyd, Hist, du Commerce du Levant,
( j 5 f ? R ? r t R t t i o ? f ? T f f s f I - f # f f R ?siSR) I t?5f W H ?ni, ?t.; (b) A. Refik, in TOEM, i'Jst., ?î-?lff; ( l ) A N.
at ft?1t s f f w i c w f R p R mflR?t R ^ fit, ITT? f t ? Kurat, Isvec KiraHXII Karl..., t w t f R i f e 8 o f ; (V) C.
Wolff f a t f t t W f f l W l>I5c\or( I t i T T T I f ? ? i 1 i 0 0 8 ^ . <Pl?l4>t(| Baysun, Azak, in L A. i
t t r a f ? T w t wstt i o 8 i i o 8 j f tmff c?t i o f f b - f H. Inalcik (E.L^, W.W.t.)/f. W t f t W ? R
f f M f I tcfw, a w w wtw? a ? # t i f w t i 8 i i % t w WttlR ( j l j i ) 8 f f f t t t , W R t f f ? T W t ^'W?? R t t ,
f t ? f ^ I ww?5 F j t f Wolfe WW wwew? a t s f t ? f W t f R - t R t w f f t t R?ft? fifirS t t t f t I W?e? afW? t f f f W ?
? # t e j c f g f ^ i t ? t ? f 5 W ? w ? t w % w t f ^ e-siwiiiHifw^ f f t , ffett t f t e w a f f ? ? b ? t s t f ? t w ? f i w t t f f f e ,
*R? f T f f t (Kaffa)-? t f t s f f ^ f f o f t f f ? ft ? t f w?i iftt ( c t t t t e ? ? w t e ? w R ? ft%e) ff ^ i v o f f ; WT?
f i f t w f f w ? t f w f t W W ? ( i o 8 v s - i o ( j - v f ) ttftw? te? w t w fca? ?'1ftfttw f t - f t - ^ i ? 8 f f / ^ ibroo (g. t?e?%tt w t w
t f ? ? s f t r ? f ^ (cte'5^, iofe'b ^.) te? I t l f f t t i t wttifwt, WCT?, c K f w f , i f e ? i , w t n ? ? i ) ; t t f f T ? w t t
*t??ft b8<iff f w? ?se?t a ? i i f f 8 f f f Rf?' W f t t f W W f w f t t C w t w i R ' t f f : ) ^ i ? - t - t f w t - i ? 8 f f ft. t e f t
W t R t ttfsftef? a t # t s t t t (L.i5)-?iet firff TI I at R ? ? f t f t f w e w I f r ? t t f w t ? w w w f ? t w t 'Qett?, t t ? 'wwet?
f? wet f f ^ f i t ( i ) f t R f f W t w f (wftw C5eff-c t i t t t t C t T t W t R ^ C wtfw ffftc ttt f t t t f C ? ? , f ? W R
f??,t f t w f ) I at f t w f f f t f t t w t ? i f e v f t f t t t t ttftte?? filwttet t t f t??ie?? tw w w?? a ? i t ? w t i ? e t ? f f f t
t t t fit; (?) cwettfw W F f W f ; t?te f f f l f t t t P I ? i o f e t t a f w ? t w f ' w t f t t ^s w f ? g i e t f f T t I f r ? t ? f r ? f a
f t t t t t t f t t ? wtfft; ( ) f t t t f W t R ' W , tre ffoo w w f f?twt w t ? t f t>^tTt tfsRit? tff w t ? fc?? I f T ? f a
w f f f , i o 8 t e t r f f t t f t t ? a ? l ffitt f f f f w ? ? R ? 1 R ? f t t w t W f ? i ? a f w ? f f w t f t t t l c t ? I t w fftw? t f f t
f i t I C t t W t e t at R T R ? w f f w f e t ? t t t t # f f w f i t ftft t t t f tttw? tlft'Sj?tft??tflct? 1
t t t w e t t W f f w ? , we?? R ? t t w tt t t a W W f ? t (caviar) WsWW f ? t w t W f t f ? t f w a t tfftte?? t t w w f f o ^ t f
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ffftr?tR I w?e*tw i ' b o t 'î., W R i f t t t T c f f f w ? ftfw w^swf f t t w t wff? ft? ffw? wttttt? fttw w fe?? a??.
t t e t i'bs? W T W t r tffjtt ftfe WtT TI I t ? ? f ffl? f w t t t t t t w Wf?fW? f f w f W f fe?? I wfttt Wwt?
?eR?'8tfe, ftett ibdb ib(fs> f f i t i f t t cte^f f ? ' W i f ffft t ? ? f f t e t ' w t ? f R f w f ? ' ( c f t f t c t ? a t f c f s t ) twft
fftw T t w f f w , a t w w t ^ t l f t t tWCf f f t e t w f ^ W f t f ? t t ? c t t , f f f a t Wf?TW?t' a f w ? f f w f f l e t ? i
f?fw5 f w (ib^ w a f f w c s e t f a t t w c? T w t ? f f f t f W - s w f f?twt t i f t R R ? w f W f f e c t i t w t f f t t i f l e t ? a ? i
t t w W R f ttw? Cfffe t t t w f l c w T ) I t w TTW ttt? wttite t f f t i R - a ? t c f t|t T T t f f t t f t M c t www f?twt
w e t t t e t w? ?w|T?tf? f w I i'bfeff % W W C f fftt? ft cfB W f w e t ? tww^f wff"? t w t t ^ c t % w ctt I w 8 t t
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fff a t W 5 ? f t t t t f f f w C?t I t w t* (Prut) ^ W f " ^ W ' s w f f ? t w t tiffs-? f t f wfw? w t f ? t e w t f f
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il-bo f ^ f t t t ? W? f W I iS)ff "f. t t w W f t t f WWCf? CWf f I c t t I www f T W f wtt5?ie?? f f i ? t ? f f f ? ?t?et W'QWf
R l t T t iS>,<lS>0 w t f^ 1 f ? IWW W t f R f t ? ? T % f , ffwtt ??.f? tfiRt? W?et RW?
a f f t i t 8 ( i ) A. S. Orlov, Skazocnia Povsti ob W ftftitlcwT; f f f f l f w f f i ? "wif ??T? T i f f t "wtf tie??
Azov, Warsaw ihob '^.; (?) WftlW csetf, t f t l T I WW?, ' j k t i t f w ? fi?et wfff? 's?5f w f f f w t l c t ? i ? t t f t ' w f
?t., I t . ; ( o ) I. Bykadorov, Donskce Voisko.... t i t a t t t w WT5? ttc?? t??iw a f w ? t w t t i f w f w flet? I
i f f S o - i ' b S ' b , R T t f f t i f e o i f . ; ( 8 ) B.H.Sumner. Peter f?3 f f f o o f r ? stw?-2tftf% f i r t 1
t t w f tfjtcfit
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fnf%^ ttfsfn vS8H-ffstn* f*t^ <wm\ st i Mr. ffsms-ttfsmess cmf f t ttîtnm mfn^ wtmess fmst fAtmn
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tsi:?t#, nffo, ^ntn fnsm frw nm^ nsfnntflcnn i ntntf îmm f s m fswjtt ssesn i ffffnn nsjwtsew fstffm ffftt
fAimn ntffm ftn f a fAtmn ^rnnnc^ stncn nffn f*mn stmn fwR ft?m tnn sscsn mt. f n n ( J i n d ) ntewm ntwm fnf5
nsenn; ff? fnnfnstcn Mr. Taylor-an StntcA wtAtms fnft "stew fnmn * nmn nte nnsf An i wtm arm m ntnwi
j>wcsr f w n I liintcn n^tft wt'w 'wt^ f ' w fffCAs R ^ mnîenn tn f smm ^Rmrnni cntttcn ms?tenn twncnn
f l ^ I m*ntff ^tmn mRm cntwm n^tcsf nsnn* nstft nicAws ftn-t f f f wntmjwtA mfnm mwtn ' w f ntwrn'Sn-ntAmmn
RnwiMt w n mt i tf? ftn macnnc^ tnntf s t ^ t f m t ^ ntnss l a ^ mttttm ^ t n nsRntflcnn I wntn cntttcn nnsnnftfn
Swj^ fnc StntA fnewn i ^m fAtmn A'mnn* ntm st?} * n t ^ 'Wfn ntnenn fnwtenn ntfne^ tnentfww An i
f n m ^tft ntAcne^ iPtcn nrfwrn nsfnc stmn mn i nstf wtm f ^ m wtnen twR tRntn? nsHC* cntfttt ^cw ffsnim
ntcAcnn wfwcnfcfn ff%cw mnr^ fA'tmn ^'ntnncss f f t w n n n w n i
fffA-isra ^tct cmnmcmi fncH cnn i w t fAt^^mmn fft * ff? oqttten R R cnf fnn wn?R nsfnc ttesn ntt i R R
f w Swn nen fffAft^ ^W ntw ^cnn i A O nnn nncn wmn ntCAm tnn nscsn mt *is>ten >assft stfft ajAt w n i ivô f.
nscnfn R ^ n m nsenn I m*ntft fAtmn mfnm ivoto'^. f n ^ f m s ncf fRntms mssmtnm ttsjtcnn ft^ Rwtets tfnmne^
S f wnnm rnr^ msim S^ mfftss ntntnta stnstt nsenn i' ni^l AS I Aecn, i i r b i wtfsct fwR S^ tfnmncsm fnss5 .assft
fAfîi ^'nmn nsmttfn sjtnfnns f^^t^ ftn f c ^ wsfn tsfl fnetn i m^wmw-t wnrn-iii -at tsflttm armf^ AtstcA i
fnntflenn i mntft fAtmn mffn ftn -saR * mim nen nstm * tAm tn fwR mfnns tcmr cnwenn mnsnesn mfSt mRst fnm
ntftc! ff?nn fjttf^n f w t f t flenn i ma f n n Ate^t mnn 9m Rmet sîm wenn i i wifstft, strbs wtfnt ste f m s
t f m f n nt*c^n net wtmn n t f fln i anm anm wtm w n * >at m^ft ^ AS I aitcn fwR mfnns cnwen nttn-t
f f n A S I tffn ftn f a m*ntft fAtmn ^*ii*(cMs> Major Fuller wtms ffmctn t^ ^tew
iflssft f ^ fnnnss ntntnta atsstctn *-assft ft^fnnnnsnfnR
WSJ c^ fnewn mt fnwm stfwft mf#ien wtAtess ne^t
(Wfmn) sffwte fjtff flenn i ws-an 'wwtf^-t m3?m' nten
nif5ten i ntmn bAib/nc^, ives men nt*ns- tRssm nsenn i
vaft ntnmta stwt nsm A S >ant 'wînm-t-mw men >assft
tAts fn'^tntn ^mran fntn A t f n wmwR wnctn wfg^
nfnR* t i n nsm AS I ni%m ftnten rnn W f s ftAntff -at
ne^ I ffn mft fsRtnns Am w ssffm * niftei R?nn
ntnmtean nttnss xg wntne^ St-nttn^ fnfs nsm A S I
fjtnt^n fsnstft flenn i ff? fAtmn ^'ntsn ma wwit ntnn
f f f j ^ wmn nsm * ntnsnens nsfcw fnf^ trssm tm stew'jtss
f m n mf|sj nte nnsf Atstflcn-i i R f t f fn?tenn fftfnn test
ttessn vontfAm tt*ntwt w n w f F ^mtnn m^ St-ntm^
Atfn w n t tnffnsH sscsn I
fng^sn i
m*nt% fAtmn mffenn ntf% fln sfntnw f^ltew I f^nmm
ivto* f. wtnw nnwnn t^ Atew mf5 stfwfnfnnn
nsmntisan f f n * mttttnt* wtm fln i wiAm tRstesn mmjm
siwti!^n> ^ aifwtm ne^ nsj'af^ cmnnfCA eamt nsm A S I
fst * n^sn f n n mtn ^(ne^fln i bvei f f e ^ fn?tenn
nnn fnftew AJt * f.*n is^ An i fnlf wiewn mm^ Mr. nt*ntftfAimn?mran wnm* >at nens flenn I -at nnn
Taylor f n n s'*levf tnmn nscsn mx cntwtfR m*niff fAmin cttesm mmcA â^ttsnsnm f m s f n n Rt^ Atm tf^sifln i
siff CSS fnssS S t f w An i mRtsm m?T wtmn ftn fnemt w m tfnctcn arm w t nm ten ( A O ^^tlt, iiê-AH nti^, itrbb)
f^ I R R Taylor-css tntn ni^tcw nsesfnn cttten wjgn stmn aiciiiwfn ntw f n m fwR wine fffnm wenn i >fltnnn
w n I R ? wmfn tnmtt .at ntmn rnnltw -sten wtmm >mn>if nAcn fwR fnetn cip^ff n j f ^ n wfnnstft istm
Taylor-css Awjt w i fnft ttesw tnmenn fnnaet wfnen SfisiflcnH I nnm ttew fffnm wtnm cmm f t ntns ntfnns
fAtmn ntRmess Tayior-âs Awjra wRcntet f^jtra smm ttm cswcn t4cii'5 cnSm fss fcm-cw wfstmw mff^
nsm^ I ttnn mm i tfneten a ^^mt, iv^^ wtfnet wtmens ntcms
oqt mm m*ntft fstmn ^'rnnn wnrn-ân nsn fln ctt nsssifl wiew nnR nsm A S -^st fwR wnft ffmet fAmft
ntnn i wtAm nc^ A A njf^ tffsm-tRwn fln i ^ tfnntenn wjjttss fnf^ An I aim nt rnn fwR wraait flenn vant tef ^
cntcssm n w nmta wtm tRwjtt ^Rm atttwen cnttm ^cw An I ws'Ctis^t nten fwR *fncn%! nsenewn nA<>tf1
tnmftffscssm
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Contents
Wtltlf f f f W ^ ^sfl^fj f C t fTOtWtJtttt t ^ t t t ft wttt? w t f t f f , i v v ? ^c i v v i fStCR? t t T ? f f R t e ? t r ?f5 a ? i

1lC?l? >t?<Mf <>WCit ttstttT Wn?1? I Rc?tH>l=1 W T C S f t t S t t t f i f r f e v t r f f t f f T f ( f f f wtro ivi^5s i{. f f w w - t w
^tc WT?t tit, Cffinlt, itrb-l Wiftct t t t H t f t t f t - T T t I t 3 t t - t fff;R-a.'wi?f?-W?"Wt f t r o ( f ? ? R ) t w e f t ? ^
t T T t t t f f t ? f f j ? t c t tf'atfft f5;Tsftt ^tttt wtttt wt?ft f f t f f f f w f l e t t wft^ ^ f c t f tR? f t ?tct wtfttet?
tfetCttatstlttt^T? 1 f c t ? tnwRtw w f ^ e f ? t m WtTt? f f f f w f l c t ? ; ( i i )
apttfo t t t f t f 2gt, f t t f ? t f ctt tuft, t t f t t w i t ftcttf f r o - t R t f , t t t R l . ib-feo If., ? ? R l . i f e ? ? '^.; ( i ? )
feltft? f C t f f f t flftwtCt C?ntSJW tttt f ^ f t f l c t t I itrtrff ffi-t witff, t r o ttc tntee?? t ? i v v i % t f f e ; f t r o
t f f t Wtttt tttt t f C t t 1 % ? t I a f f S R t f t t t t t ^ C s t f f t f l ttffftcpi? f ? ife?8 f WtfT WTtt? f ^ w e r o ^ C t f f f f ;
W t e t t a t i f f t f t t t - t w t f t t ttet a f f t f f t f t ? f t t ? f f t t t ( i o ) gtw-t W f f T O , i v f r v fSfcR? tfCf atwtt w t w w t f t ?
f r e w f t ? f t j t t ? f t f f t i f f t f ? t?sJ? fe?t I i v v i t?t?l% ?f5 T I , ifeoî ^ . t r W t T O - a t f f f f ?a, i f e ? ? tiffjf
f f f e S i f t w ? f?<f w t f t e w w i t t t c f f i t f p - f t f t t f t t f t t f f t R ? f f t ? t f ? t f t r t w fc?? a t i w e r o ê i f e ? ? %
t W t f S f f f t ' W t t t t t f t l T ? I itrtrS. f wtttct? tfe^ f ? f t f f f f f e ? tffff T I ; ( i 8 ) wff?ro-t f t ? f , t r o ^c t f t f T O
t e t I i^wfc&t??, i v i r f e t t e t f f f t W f f f t ? fi?et r f f t ^ c w f ? ib-b-i t r tffe T I ; (iff) ttffW-twfTO, t t t tl.
wtTttff t l fc?? a ? i f f j t t w t f f t wt? f ^ t l fc?? ? t I W t T O c t t , w e r o i f e o i %, t l f t f RtftTf Wfttt f f ? W f , ??
tt?efet ?? w t f t t t , ifeio wtt?et t f f t t f f t f i t fc?? i tiere?? ^t, Riewt? t i e t f w t t ? ife?o Wfft Tft? f f f f f i f f e
f t ? ? i t t - t - f t e t *ft?-c f t r e f t t f ? f ? i T ? I T I ; ti>stiwfrTTO ftwff wtfpf wftR w f t ? t f W f t r o f f f w
f f t t j t t t t c w t i t t f t f ? i f l t ?Rt?t WTttf-a? f t ? w e ^ f f c t t ; ( i ^ ) f^'a Wff? t t t f f e t l i j ' ^ wffe, f f f t f f ? f ' Q
t e ^ I f f f t a f w ? f ^ we?? wfttttf t l f t f f j f fIctt i f'^wtti? C f f f f ; f^ f t ffw?, f t f f f t f t ? f C f t f f , t t t ^ e . - 5 f f
f t r o fff fwwt f ^ a??, f t f f t wftt? t t f f t r ? t f l ? wt2te?3 f t R f 9 f ^ ; ( i l ) f f f t - t t t W R , Dr. Leltner-a? tCSf a f a
f t ^fftcf ?Tlf t ^ fte? t w t ^ f t f l c t ? I f t r o t f i ttfrsT ?tW t r ? ^ f C ? ? ; w t f t f f W?ft?>Q ftft t f s f f f f ? ^
fit f t t W f t f ? I ?5ro t t ^ f t r o tesf tesf t f f t wtetct? fc?? I t r c f ? t e t i ( i t r ) WHW?tH; ( i f e ) WWtt-t ftfftf
t t t e t f f i R wiRfcf? ffef? f f f f I fR? f t t T - f i c t w t ? trtjct -sW W W f (WiPt-tWwf, W e r o , ?? R l . , w c r o i f e ? 1 f . ) ; .
f|j ^tfttaf t i t t r o a??, f l a t W f t t r o ?w? t ^ f t r o i c r o ^ ( ? o ) WRttw-t twfrm, w c r o i f e ? ^ "^.-m TO teatcttw;
?iefi?wrotS?Pfgj I ( ? i ) f f r o - t t r o , w e r o , ^ t t t t w f i i f f e ; (??) t t f t w - t
t H i t f s wttfef? ? F W t f cttt-te?? w f t f i f t w f w c f ? w t r o , f t f w ftttet? a f t t t i f s ^ , t f f i f e o o ^f. i
t f t t cfsw ^ s ( i ) W t f r t tn f i f t f t (wftrftcf? w w ) , f f f f t 8 ( i ) Wfft f ? T W f wffrc?? ?ffe f f ? ^ , t t f t f t ,
ifrSS f ? f f e a t i f C t f ? S R ? fc? t f f f f ( ? ? t l ^ t , ifefel ^sftctft W R W Wtftftit, C f f W f ifeofe f , f . S i ; (?) W t W f
(?) f f t l R - t f t f f , ?? f a , tre C f t t f t f t l t e f ? w t f t W f f w f ? T W f ' W t t f l f , W f f - f W f T O - t f t , t f C ? t , <J.
tff ?ttic?, w e r o ifri? ( w e r o Rl. ife'bi % t i f f ? - 8 f e o - f e l ; W?1f?f-t W'GWft f?1Wf ^Rt?ft WfTO; (o) f ? T W f
?ttW? w t f - ? f t f f t t ? ) ; ( o ) ftftf?WR-t f1?R, iVbH ^ C ?i?w W f r , ftiti^-fRitftftt, f f f ? wtn?, i f f f r t . ; ( 8 ) f t t f
ifri? f f f w t r t f f ? ^ ?t?lcs!. a t i wtwef? cfta w t f l ^ 1 % ' w t t f t - f Tff?, New S c h o o l and Urdu Literature,
f f f ife?? f f t f f ?t?IIC?; (8) f t f T O - t f1?R, t t t teo? wero i f e ? i % , oi-8fe; (ff) . f ? T W f t T t f f , ( f ) f ? T W f
f ? f f f t ? f a i t r l l ^. Rlfftf ?5I a t i ifrb-1 % tW RlCWff ^Rit? W W f , f f a t s . f f .-a? f f t f t ( w f f i f f e ) , f f ? t i w - t
a t i WtfT t f W f t f ^ ifeoi % t t f f f ?t; (<t) Rf??t?f-t WtffW?, W m ; ( f ) W t T O , f'Wtftf-ft f WWR ct, (sm) w t
wt?'fe? (wtfttw?), w c r o , f ??-8i; ( f ) w r r o f ftwfw
f f t t t , i v i 8 f ?f5 a t i i v v Q ^. tfiftt (RietrwtR? ?? R I , ,
( t ? ^ ) , t T f t w ( t n f t f w t ) , w e r o , ffet?? i f e f f i , f..fo-f3r(t;
ifrb- %); w w t i v i f f Rtet ffww-t wtptt f f f - a t r o
(<b) wit ^ R t ? ? , t ? e ? f R f C t W WftfWt, w c r o , ct ife'b?, J.
a f f t t ? ^ f f t f f ? ? ; (b) w w R - t w t r o , t r o w t f f t i f f t f w
iofef., C f f t t f ife'Ss?; ( 1 ) f ? T W f f f f t ' , fftft-*fWW W>swf
ifr18 f ?fS I w t f t t f t t f t f R l f t t t t i t e i V f . f f t f f O?
f t i f f f ^ R t t t W I T O , ftc?%T f e t w wwfwt, w e r o , C^Rfttf
Rl. i f e ? ^ ( 1 ) Wt?-t rttt, ifrfri % f f t t f T I ; ( V ) i f e ^ i , f ife-?fe; (V) w t r o f t f C?tt R t f T f , f t t W R ^ R t ? ?
?ftff-t-f1?f ifrtro-b-i % ftftttftt t?te? f T I , ctttte? WITO, ? l ? J f ^ H l f (fltwttW), i f e S o '^.; (fe) ftwW-t W T ! ^ - t
f ^ T W f t r t?jWJ? fCiR I ifeoi f t r tftfttW^^T; (<) f f ? , ^^p1t-wit% ib-i'b i
w f f f f R - f i>e?ftf, ifrvff t r f f f t f ?? 1 ( i o ) f i ? r o - t ' w f t ^ R - W f f wfttf (W.W.t)/a. a?, a t . W T f P ??TO fast
t t w f fftiefit
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WMn, W p - S S M R , nt*TRT mm, wnp-WTR, sn^nRT
n w m sfttm ntw w 1 lat nm S t n e ^ f n Atfs nflw wtms

j i j i J n ->i ij^jJi) s f^fMR wWff WtAtn nsfn nm i wtAtn n t ^ t A S I A'tf Sftn fm^tnt fse ttesn ntt cn, R R
nfnntm fwnft fst<p nttnint 'sr^ AtsifAi i latnnanflnfAStm fnntfm-fnTjss-'-isin mttnss 1 m*mm Rtsfs nRs ntn estwttcn
*wxit%n wtnenn RPitPt^Sf f n n t t i wtntenn sfstn m ^ t A S , wtn f%sf -at w^tcss m*ntm
wtntmn f ^ nt-snrnt n t n n ^ wg nncnt f^tw cÂAtnt wtnmniet ftffw mn ssRc t w s ssesn 1 w t n f^^ wtms
nftsw An I fffn ntwmcAs sif ntRw ^ limt WtAtst sjfw .awt wtfif An cn, 'wtf-ntmsm' tfasw mttnnm mfs^ wtms
fnnst f ^ ntw nsrnn i iiren '^.-îin mfnwt mtrmnmn <jcnt Sts w4t sscsn I wfittsn i!oe ê nts isio^ t w fwR ât
fwfn ntntn nftw n w ftwnew Stwm man w n i cnt?itcn mR^ ttnn nsesn (Aistw-t f ^ , f . 888 >3 m^fR-1 f ^ ,
c'fffint fAtn ntnt tf%nsm w s n i nt*nint ntntfn n w snsin it., Atoo) I tmn tn fwR fss^snn wfwnesn '^mfn' tfSrw
ns%w ntfwm I fwR nfntn RntA snmn i cntmt, nsfnnsfwt * nmtn^ flenn 1 f^tw t f R w n n tn stm ^ ntnn fwR tsm *
cnfcn WtAts wntnj f f n fln i tAtwn wnjt wiAtc^ wtncw tmcss ant ssfsm f&m 1
nttntw ssfncw ^ i iA!<t/ib-nb- nten ntAS-t fsmmn n t w i ^tftt, i!iA ^. fwR ssfnwt êw mmft^ 'wm-ftmn'
w n fwfn cn wsf n ^ fnnt f^siflw-i w ^ fnetn mtfw ntw s i w t w n i vfittSinnstwnn t f s w t f ^ n t n n f m w f w n c n
w n 1 ib-!b- f. f f iic^ts nfnnw wfcstes fwR ssfmmw sfnrn wtms nen Sfn AS i tms f t ^ S e ^ fln 1 mmnt Sc^ftj fln,
wtenn ânt cnntcnt i ! o s f%te^ tRnsm nsenn i S f wtnm liinn lansttR S^ cj^fs tfat^ srsnt w t mm w n n
wtsm i o o f f fn-ft'^^/ib-b-b- cnct^ men w t A t w n i tfn nftw wm mf^rat sfncw tten .nnt fsmmm * cntm cwm
tnw^ Wfsm fnftew, mwjenn wtnm nfm fnt's^ntstn, wn n ^ cnn liissft fwn nsn * S^w mn fft w 1 fnetn Sc^ftj fln,
fwntmn w * n t A ( 4 j J J ) nsam 1 -at nASt Atsm t f c w fnRnttess -Q ntwfRcw ^?fn nw * nscsfs m f n w fnc^
ntfn-ntntenn nftw ntn?} fln (wtfRm, in nt. 'j. Abn-AbJ) 1 wtAtenne^ wiAsi-t w (wm-ftnm, A8 is.An, 'j. A ) i
nt^ mwf-wftn ncsr tfnt nn^pRt flenn 1 n t ntns nnen sffwtc^ wm-ftnm SAm ttf^f*f nsmnstes, m R f w n#c,
fnwt-ntw nft spfnnsfw wtenn 1 m ntnn nn wtms n t w fsstntnm fwne^ * ntwffwfnss nw stmet stfnfw ntw w lant
tf%sstn AS I cnt nnn fwfn mm wfsft Sfnftew mfsen I wfw -fat wmfn mncws wgnfn tfatw tRtw A S i Sms
f%^ s f e ^ WfAtn f*fWtw AS 1 f ^ aifwft fsnen cssfn vassft cntm sibtsfts> wff wfwtn csramf< * fsrnnsn^ fln 1 nemsn
ntf^^ ff?n f n ^ w t t m fnewn 1 tAtt fln ttA ^sifnfjatA ^ts SAtess wtssnfn nscs I
fAif^fnAntfnfnntesn fnwtenn fnnn I is>oo f.fwfnsfsRw ib cnctns, i S i i o f . wm-ftnm t S i W wm f t mwm trm
mtugm Wfntf ^Ftff 9m nm w n >iint i J o f. mnn nmtnw wnn w i Atntfin 1 sttn tSemfn nmfw nmef wnsft
fnwTfnm wfnten f%wrfw nm A S I wwgtn fwfn t S m f sfn^ stwtn wtntes ito ne?ra, is>i8 f . lat ntntnw ntfnffw
fsff tnttttan 'nsf^' af^ft wsmn w n 1 sftftn 9m nwfws Amn wm-ftmn n^ ^ rnn 1 io ne^, i!ie % wm-ftntenn
tfâ^ns W 3 ^ ns f ^ f n Rnn fwR fiw R^^îs ffwten mntn wm-ntmt si^mf^ (ne^ ijie-ife, iîto t w ) AS i
wts^ nsesn 1 tms t s wtntn ttn mf^tw wrnnenn mmen fnf^ tAm nft 'nts^m-tstm' mn^ >aft stftnn îtf^fw A S i
fnmm wmmnt fjttf% ntw w n I tSemfn wtnrsfnn nem fwR tnntenn cnrnn wtfnentet^ fssstte^ -fit sifwttens msren
sfsfcn w t f i^nt ten ttenftf%^ nsesn 1 fnwtenn n f f f c n ^ m ^ 1
m*ntm wtnm latm ntns nnn t t e ^ t ssfnwt nsm nsfnew fnaftf^ fnnn:w in R^fcw anmm nsfnntfin 1 w i
ttcw I wtms sftn #nens cntt tmm af? "wrsf tm-t ^Ftsmt' wmfn Wewn f f t t nnw'gne^ stfw wt?tfn fnf^ fnfnn
cst^ttes f^tnm-t ntwm' nfcnfew mtt A S 1 'ntnntt-t 'wmm' cnwtctm sffw fnntt Atm tcs 1 ib nts, ijito % fwe^ -mtfcBn
nten vswtiR W J nssfA fR fncw sfssft nscsn I vat nnn fwR tm on mm fwtR^ wmfn mtnr n n w wtent wiR nsfnenn en,
nsm sscsn 1 wtmn sfttfnsp sm^fn 'wtA'ntf"n-wttsm' * wintncss mRfnenn ncm m t w ntftes sfnrn mtcw sten 1 fwmt
'^nt-t wtAmfnsjt'-iii sslnwm * 'mtnm'->ii ntcAtes sfnitf^ 'wtn-nmtf''m^pn-tstm' n^ Atm ctn 1 tmt fln n s w s s
^ c w ttess I A o ne^, i s o f. fR nsfnnsfwt ^ c ntfnns Se^ttj I wtsm ntf ctenn 1 cnttcn enm t s wtme^nwnnf w t
'ftnifn-Rw' sfssft nsfnew <F w n 1 tAt "^ss n t n n w mm 1 A S I nwnnf t t w t c n fwR n n w cWfR'fAt
fwR nm ntnn nnen sftn mfm nsesn 1 sm ntnn tn ( i J s o g f.) nscnnmti cnt nnn gtsm ntftew-a Rnmn f n w m wtmn
wtf^mn-t ftwfw-t tnrncm (nicAis) ntf^ nwm wtAm m^m f C A wtmf sen lant nm * nmmn w ^ f n afe^
tnntf fmjtemn
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fTtffsfftt f ^ R t t t ! tra I trts w t f t-t f'wTtfTl, f f w - t ft? *wit-wtl?' ctet WW ?? I ^b c t ^ t i f , is>?M> fwft csit ^ c s
iRifjsil?, trtttt-t f n f t t , w t t W f W - f ?wtt, wtt-Wf'T- f f w w w f c ? t I c t t t t ? t t e w ftrft ?Tsit?twf w t c w t w ttant
f twt? ( f W f f T t w ) , wf%F'5t-w?n? ( f w f t w ' t w ) , a ? i w , t ? w t ? w r ? f f c ? t f w w WCf? I w?, i i ? i t . f f f ? t i ? f w f t
tt?ww-t tnwft-t w t t t w , f i J j R - t tlwwt-t w t t t t wt w i t - f 5 W t t f t f w ? ? I tw? wef^ t i t e t wef^ f t e t t w c f
wwfwnw-t t t t t t w , ftPjM) tf^'s^'i^ t w c w 5 W , w t f - t WW ? t w (at- t ^ f ? t t c w tfct??, i s > ? i t f w t t t f W W
wi?!t w t t f f f ? f^sWT?^? t w c w b w t w t f t I w f t w i f w f f t t f t f w ) I t?tew 2ttt tftc?? wtt-fTTtet? tjfwaroiet w?Tc?
a w r f w t ^ sffe W w f t f f fwfs ? t T WTttw? W t t i ? g a t fct wt?^ ctf ^ I f t e t ^ i f e ? i - a f w ? ww?twf
W # i f t t t f l f i t wtw? tfwsf 5it?i? w t t a ? i # ? w ? fflf j. we,t?W WWJW ?tttW WW? W l t - f T T l t t f t f ?^ fffw tfcw
<_,Uj^ j j j l J-^^ (WIt-ftWt, ? 8 f ? , iS>?1, ?ttltl-i I
WWW wtttt i j ^ r o t f t f t WT3W f lefet? t w i t f w T I a?i
? w ? ? f w w w w r fwf? t t f t ? f # r t w ? i : f t t w w ? w?iw i f e ? o - a ? t ? 5lff?Ta CWCt t t ? i f t f t ? ? w ? t f ?tc f ? i f e s *
ttcw WCf? I c t t i w a f t t f t ^ s stfwflw ?5c^ I a t f t t w t t w t f #?c?? t t f t ctit i o te,t? 1 w t ?? (' ?i?-t-tifw?
a f t t t^ltttffcsit fctcsf t f t w ?? I a t t w fwft f c ? f t i t ? f ^ w f ? tl., (?fe) I f f f i > 8 i f ( w f t w t ? t ? ) wt?w t?we??
t t t ? fC?t I t t t w t t l t w t>3), W t t wt?t1t t t t f t f ? # ? f , f f w t f t ?? a ? i ct? t?w t e f t ??ft "^Jlcf? I
(wtfffW 'J. ? o i ) , f?tw-t wi?'tlt t t ? ? t w t ( w t f f f W , ?^ c f f t i f , i f e f f v % www wtwt ffftcw tftwt fC??
ife^b), W??-t ^tf?-t '??1W ( w t f t t w , 'J. ? f f 8 ) I Wt?1f?1,.it a ? i f ? t e f f f f ? wtft' t t f i f c t ? t f t ? t ? w w W f ? f?t wt i

WT?t? ? 5 W 8 ( i ) t t W f " t - f f f f ( t t t f f ) . W? a f te,t?; (?)
t'atrfw t ? t ^ t w ttw w w f ? t t ? tt-^ttt f f ? ^ I
W f t i f iJiiô "if. fwt? t S f ? ? f t t c w f f w t i w ?5ftct? I w t ? w i t - t t w t ( W W f t f ) , t t t t f t w a t^, w w t i f e i ? '5tcw
i f e i 8 ( f t f t t e ? ? WW ' w i t - t t w t ' a f t t w t t t f f w t t ?
C f C f w f t w W # f f f w w w ?W? W W W t C W t ? "Qf ?tc^fli I
t?tew f t ? ? t t t f w ) ; ( o ) v s r t t - t i w f (Wwtftf w i t - f t w e t ?
C f g ^ r o t iJi>?o f ' t f ? W c f t f f f f W f w f ? f t c ? R ' - a ? t w t t w
f f f ? t f t t ) , a f t'a, w w ^ , i f e i c ^ c afsit, ifei^b t t w ; ( 8 )
ttww t f ? I f W f w t t t i t wtfff't-'wT?tt' t W c f a f t
t t t t t t ( w w f t f ) , a f t^, ctct^f? i f e ? i t t e w t f w t ^ i f e ? i ;
t f ? t t w w t t t ? f c ? t I a t f t t w WW? f3w ^wtw fw f t w w
f e f w^wwcf wftftitf wwf 'wttf?- WfWf
ffft W W f t t t t f l t 1 a t twwtcw gftct f t t t t f t t c f t t w c ? ?
ttfTt?ifef twitf?;ct fttt f f f tftiw? w t f w i f t t ^
t f t w w t w w c t ? WtTt? W l W ? ? ? I w i ? t ? f f ? t ? t ? s i w a t
w ^ w t i t f f f c w ? 1 (a) w t - w t f t ' w ( w i ? f , f c t f w t t i f w f ,
w t c w t w w i f t c w t fc?? a ? i w t i ? t w t w t m ? - t c B f wf
w,R? w t f f ) , i a f t t , i f e ? o t t e w ^ i f e ? 8 ',*fs i t?t?^g
f t f t ? f ? w c ? c t t w w w ? I w t c w t w w t r t w ? WW t f ? wtttf
w ^ w t i w f i ? t i ? f tlct? .ati W ' s w f 'wttf'?-?niWf w f ? t t i f
" t m t t t " t f M fc?? I
tWTff f l e t ? I f f f w t f w i f t t ^ W'SWWt fttfew?; (b)
a t t t c ? tf? w t w t H c t ? w f c t t c t t w w c w ? ttt'wtw
w H - t t w t (wtftf, w f ? t f ? ) a f tQ, f ? i f e ? i ttew
( w t f t w f t t ) 5j? fftcw ?5 f C ? ? 1 t?i? % f t f w f i t 8 ( i )
t, f t c t ? wtcff, wt, v T ? -Jstcw ftwt t t e t ? t t c t f , (?)
t t e t ^ i f e ^ l t t w ; ( 1 ) w t t - W?wtf"t- f t t t w , ti? WtT? c t t ,
W f W t ? ; ( t r ) ? t w w - t W?Wt, W ? t l f C t t , t f f ( t f s t t t a t
WlW?? WW o t t a t i WIW?? w w t faPW, ( o ) WIW?? wtftt f t c t
# ? f 'G ^'Wf? t t ? W f f ? ?tww-a? f t f c f a f a f t f w ttwt
t t t w ? ( R t fftwt c f w f ? t w f ^ t c w ? t e t w t f ? f f t t f
ftw? t f t t c t w t t f t , (8) wtw? fw? flf'WtWCf fftw? ?tw? f f w l f t f i f f f f w f l e t t I t f f t t f f w f c f ? t t t f ? t
W f f ? t W f t t c w c ? f f t ? w t ? ?W, ((?) te, ?5icf w t ft w j I f t f w t l c t ? , ' f i - t f i ? i w w e f cm f t w e ? ' (fe) wt?-ftw ( t t t
w w f w ? W ? c w 5 t t w t c t c t t ?l?'Wlw-t t w t w attt ctet t ) w i t - ? i w t c t t , f t t w w ifeife ( t w t?i? t i ^ t tttt?
?t?llC?); ( i o ) t l f W t W t f f w w w W1? W l f ? l f t - ' W l ? t ? ( ? f ?
^ w ffwfit If f f t f ttfittet w t f t ? tft?wc? t?t ?^
^ ? l ? l
tfWfw f ? f t e ? t , f f t f t w , c t ^ t t f ifecô wffcfte?? t w t f t ?
i o tfcty?, is>?i f w c f Gstfwi? f t t a?i fw? ffê^ w f t w t t t ) , w i t - w w t c t t , ftfftwt?' ife?o-a f @ w I f c t f w t
c W f R W WW? ? t I f c t fw? a f ?e,te?? f t w t ?? i a t t ? t?I? t w f ? t i ^ t f f f f f t t f t ? t W f f w ?tttt|i; ( i i - i o )
csrifww? f f ? w f f f t f f f w f l e t ? wtw 'f t^st-t wtttt' w e t t t e t t f f f f w w w f ? w e ? e t ( ? * w f c t t ? ? i f e ? i - a ? w t t
tjtw ?ttlt|i I t?l? ' w t t f w?ww 5 ... ( j j ^ j i ijjf:,
w f f w f w ) t w t t w ? ftiffw wtwwrtt, w r t t W f t - t w w - a ?
( f t R W W t f W ^ WWStfWf ft?R) ffcslHICt i 0 8 i ft. w?e?t? we?t? w t f e t f w ( ? C 5 ^ ifeîi) t w t t w ? ftffw w f f w t t a ? i ^
t t w f fffCftt
t.ft.k/bb
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Contents
wtntn, O,I^-ph|ii, nfninf
w R m w cntRtns n w r , tw=# f t w i t n w w fstRt ' w t n f n - n n w m , m*nm w t f n - w m wrnrn, mpnmn tmpncntn

* T N F N , Rlkw mtr A S ; ( i S ) ^-t-sn-t w m n (is.Ai-'sn lii^ m s f n w t n n , m i t m n AtSn, lammt n ^ , cm^ is>8s> f.,
cmwnm ntoninm R R w tsffw), wtn-mntn m , )>PI<MI (tAtn ( 8 ) 'wtnfmAmt, wifn-wnn wmtn, ntcms i i 8 I 5 1 . ; (a) f n f
'wtnft wnwntn ^nt Snen Sftf^tw AtstcA i); ( i e - i i s ) tnftew 'wtsfn-ntAnm ttnm, m*nim w t f n - w m wtmn, nfenn^, fnft;
^vSJfcnn tne*TN wfsentcn nwtntwn wlwwtnn ( i e cnc't^, (to) m n n f n - t f t n f t , i n * A S n ' Q , wrwnnw i s . A ' ^ f.; (H)
iSiAo), t t ' P T N tin<('ll3<i 02fn, fnit; w n t t ^ t^tntmw <H?pfe<m mfnm f n m m n m n f , mstw-t s t n f , wrwnnw is8 f.; . ( v )
(Wfn wtmmtn, îpm iiAe, niA'fft'n-mwitn' n ^ ^ n r m , 9'ftn s t f n tnAs-c^ tntf m*nim wtmenn nmnf * m*ntnm
tnit; ( i H) wffn'Sf-ftnt% (nnfwen wfnfnnenn atenetn af^ nftw wtcntsnm m'îfsjp nR^, m s i!i:-wfctmn
ntef),.lilt nsnt atnen wiwnne^sn N T ' w t f n ^ n&mn cn * i s > A , w t f n t f * cnsgmif, isxfs; (s>) m * t m fn. la.,
^ ntnrtn mtt An I w n n SAt inwten fwten w t f ' n - W r t n wtmn, wnft=n mnfnttnn, ntems; ( i o ) A . B .
AS; ( i v , i f e , A o ) w ^ n t f n - f n w , ainn ns, n= ê nni Rajput, IVIaulana Abul Kalam Azad, Lion
wtn-win'w (wtfnm ntnft csm, fnit c n e ^ i h o i ) , tAtn Press, Lahore 1946: ( i i ) H. L. Kumar, The
ntt nnt wm-nnfwAin w ^ - i a n t f ? wtt* mm A t s i d n ; Apistle of Unity, Hero Publications 1942; ( i A )
tfitn n t ^ n , (nnnn cwmft, ntcAtn i i s s n Smew S. Sataya IVIurthi, Eminent Contemporaries:
Sf'n-f n w men nms nnfwmn m f < w t ^ f f n mm An mi (IVI. A. E. Centeral) Shukla Printing Press,
win^menn w f n wtwRs^ f)nn* cmn w A S ; wtn^mfm- Lucknow; (iis) tVIehadev, Desai, tVIaulana Abul
f n w fnftn n (nm w m - w r ' N T ^ ^stew fnt w m - f I f j n n f s ) Iâlam Azad, London 1915; ( i 8 ) Aspects of
nftm mnft cam, ffstcnten, lafSm iSioto-iii mm A S ; wmsimf"n- Abul Kalam Azad, IVlaktaba-i Urdu, Lahore
f n w , w # s n * ffnnn, tmew f n w n t e f Asft cnffn^ 1942; (i(?) John Gunther, Inside Asia, London
fnnn wrenttsw A S I litt f^mfn " W n t f n fnfs ^^wf n t t f n w 1939; (ito) Louis Ficher, Imperialism
s t m isstoi f .-ifl t m n "ntn 'wtf m nn n^wf m ^ mw, Unmasked, Bombay 1944. i
msts
ntems ^ c a i ^ t f ^ AtsTCA; ( A i ) nmnfws w R w n , 1 5 mm ntfn fn% (m. m. t.)/ w t f n ^mftn f s t ^ w t n f f n
wttn ^tism ( i s > 8 o f. smnw wfnentn), tfwnm cam fns, ^srmr^ ^HtHtH-i % is.8n f . wmw ffstenn nesf
lantAtmn; ( A A ) t s w - t mfwrn (wtAnmfn cwn ^ c m*ntm nesf n n % s n cn w m t f wtcmnn w t s f t w ^ cnns* atwm f n w
ATftfs-ntAnm mn f t n * m f t e ^ fntrtw m*nimn t w # ) , atnn s#nteA, t m atfwne^ f w n wtcmnn ncA I s n ^ ' w f lantnn
mm iSiSto f. (atstn ^ n t ^ n m frnnfnfHs,mSn men, w S m f n f n nfnmcn f n f n n ntnrintn^ i i V 8 t o f . f%n-fcwn wnntcn
n t w n Sft ^new, m f w t m - t w t A W atwt w , tmew ntwt cmw tnt cmnm rnnntat n ^ t r m n lat ntewm w f s w
w * viinsft t a cmn w AtstcA); ( A ) ntsnftn ( n m n f ) i f w t f s f tteswenn w ^ e w aim f n m n n I t m s -ns^^tfn
m*ntnm w * n^wefn nat mm AtsicA i nm w * n m - t f^tsm, fnnnmenn nem nnnapcn wmsens f s m A S mi isÂe-ia
nftm cam, Rwenm is.8to f., wtwtft^-t nrs nrftf, nncnt cam nmstwt Afsfnt-ifls t t n n w n liit nnwremnn f g w n ^ m SCJJ i
fnf, m s i S i i t o , m'wtfss', wtwnnw, -wnscStnn-nes^-fwm Afsfnt ^cJnn mss wtcmnn n m t m fnnm atmn mn i is.8n f .
i s e o ; ( A 8 ) India Wins Freedom, tAt m^ntms m f wtnw f f m n nnn ajm tnf%w t t m ntwm, smffesn cmnm
wnn^ Ritfo nfnm fnnnnwwten f m s nsrnn nem nnr A S ;
t m n ^ n ^ w n n m f f w a t f w ^ fnemf ^ m f w t e f tn A S I
wmrnwwtcnncAi. ^ t % n n n t m i f n ^ nmwc^ ffwat f s m cnt ^tcw f f m s n
w H - f t n m * wm-ntntcnm wfnnntt atn^ * nsm mi f f ;m -ijcsmies fnf%^ îm fnnm w m w w s t n nmnw atestt's^
m*mnm t f w g n f w t cAfs cmt f f e w n e n mm ^ m c A i SAnTm An I f n f t ^ wnnn ncn ncn R A W ^tew me^ liint ne^ nesft
fs^tRw s ^ cn*sm atentwn mt I nns nns fAtRm m t f w lamw wtfnm atcnt w t i f%? w f i<i^
sf^nif s n*ntnm tfg ntaisn, ntntnnai, fsfSnat * 5f?nfA, c f i f s f n f n n wtmenn w m t f wtcmnn wnrtAwmcst
(y) w * n m - t ffrnn (m^tfs-t m*nim W T ^ - n n n m wtnm * binttm mtcw mesm i f n s * f n f n l a n t w w t lat w t n t f
m*nim Anftfs-nAmn mn ftn^mf, nfm cam, Rwenm, s^m wtemennn nitfssm cnm cnn i f p ^ s f S t w t f n wnsenn f ^
stent; ( A ) w t f m f n n t n f , m*nim w t f n - w n n wtnm, t f mm fliji-tst* lilt nnes fnntfww ^m'ftf mtens nte^ wtfnm n t w '^nt
lawwf, tf%mn catn, f n cntw, ntems; ( o ) ^mf fAintn liitmest wtnm n n f s wtcmnn ntn n ^ a t f w ^ wiemnen
tnntf Rsiesnn
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Contents
WWT, W'sro -nlQji fTflf ff?o
îTllw ?t?t tri I WWT Wftg ttfl? at" :wffH I W f t t W f t - f - a w t I t t r t t w f t r w f i t W f f ? r f r ? (wffww)

w T ^ t i a t w f r f t t f ? a?i f f f t t t r w w i ? f ? ff^^ -a
'wtttttrt? f t f I w t i ? t ? t ^ t ^ f f t f w wtitttt t ? ? f ? t r t
ffft f f r w t f f t W f ' t - f T i (MSS. W t t t f t l t , i t . , i'ljfe; Ethe
^srmiTT, ft^sTrm ^mfirpr ^s[<ct^ (.
?ioff, W t f f ioff i) ffcttwrt f t f r w W f t t t f r ? ? ; (?) f t H ,
jiji) s ivs'b-? rorralfe c t t f i iittnt a f ftftit tftttra t f ? trQ (?i?t?r?it ioop-i/i^rv?-^^) w r r w tw? ?ttir?? c ? f
f t r t isHi I witi wt^tit 'wtf t t f i r f ? ftf^ Sfttftf ffwt tt c?rtf WT!;?; w t t - w t f t - w t i r w w t f f r ? w w w f t f w?
f r t t I tcttttwttt w t T t t f f t t T . t i c f i t r w twwt tT f r t t a t i -^tcs- ?T?rt f w f f f w ? t l f t t t t r f t t t r w srttffw ??,
tK-MfwtSi5] -trt Wfftrw strtf fr?t i a p t t t t t r t f t ? io?v/ifeio; ( o ) w s f t - w ? t f w??tttrtTT-ftrf ffrttttrt f t t f
(Wttr?it t r t t?fw ttw f r t t I ttiwt f t t t f t i r t ^ t r o t t t l T T f f t t f t a f t w t i f WW (Wfftff, W f W f t - f w w , t t r f t
a t i wtt. a t . (ttfffttttttf^t wft?) tttft tiw f r ^ I fwft fefe) I f t f WW? 8 (8) f f t i w - t "wiffw, t f f f a # ^ w t r ? f f w w
t t r t f?fft t r t f f i f f t f a f t t sm ftrt? a t i t r ? wt?nt i^^ff w? t t f t ^ w t f t f f f l f f f t t w f w s w t f r t ? t i f w ^
Witti?, WlOtlt ttb, wtft wtttt? WtTttT tiaftt t ^ t t ^ t f t t
tffrt t^ftw f f (fttf? ivii, ifeoo ^.) \ (ff)
f r t ? I 'ti'aTTtf tittr?' w r r ? f?tirw t t t r r t i t t f t r w ftgttrsrf
w ' w t f l f t - f t s w t , ff^ftrt? t t t f f f f r ? t j t ^ t r t ? t w r t s
WW? t?T?rt? wrwjwftt c t t b f ? w?ft f t t f?Ta t t r t t r t
f t f f w f f (ttcw, WTfl i f e i o If.); (b) W f f - t w t t t , wt?rwg
(ivib- %) I WIT? T t T ? t r ^ wttr? ?fbw '?t ftrw* a f f t
i 8 0 W? w f f f f t f ? f t f ( W r r ? i f e i o %); ( 1 ) t w t - t
t r t r w ' f s f I fwft t i R 5 a t t f r ? ? I
?i?w tfjfa^fffwtc? fttrw ffo? w? f f ? # ? f , îw f f a t i w H - a
ttitt ftfrttt it., ?ovs f f r ^ w w f e ff??H-a (cttir? t f f t f I r t ? t i t ? w w t - f t t i ? )
wnrrpf ^ a t t ^ ( ^ 1 jiL, Jj]) s f f t ' s w t t ' w r f t ? ? i i 8 f f / i i o ? w r t t i f t t w , (wgftff-wTttfWt, o t . , i'l!?; Ind.
f ? w t t - ^ t t ? f wrt->Q?tltfr ?e ttfTa, iii'bAfe iios tr? off. 3966 (b); (b-) W f T f t - w l t t W , Wfwtlrw? t ? r ? f t r t ? ?
fftsftrt w?tJf?t f c t ? I fwft f ? t f - f f ? t f T i W t f f ^ t r f ? f t f t t i f w t f w (ftirw., w r w i f r t i t ioio/ib-fe?) i f r ? ? F ? T S I
(fHTft-tTfsftt, fes>-8) s n t f t f f f w r t r t fr?t a?i t r ? ft? f f w f f w w t t w ? WW g. GJASB (L), ifeO'b %, iife-oo
' w t t f t - w r f t ftRsrtft? (tr'wift^-ff?Tt, it., ? ( M - I I ) f f f t W f f f r r ? f T f f f , f t f f t - ' w t w t , i f . , o?-ff Storoey, i/?,
ffwr trw f r ? ? i iiffi/iiov t r ? f j n r t fwft t f t a t w
t f t t ? t t ? f r t ? a?i W f t f T T ^ T?Tw f f t f w t t - t i t r f f f f i t i ( i ) W T S l f f f , f ? r f t - W ? W H f C f J. i i V - ? 0 ;
'Wtf^-?t?T?WfWTft-? (tt'Wtft'f "t-ffert, it., i'b?) fffS ff?nW-t Wttfw, i?0-8ff; W ' W t f t ^ - f f s W t i'bi-'bS, O o o - i i ;
T f ? f f w r f r ? ? I iiffViTofe t r r t fwft wT?r fftfw w t r t ? (?) ff " f f ? t W ? t H , t w ? t f ? - f ? t W , ffOo; ( o ) i& C t f f ,
a t i w t ^ w w w r t ?twt f r ? ? i iôo/iivjs wrt fwft W t f W f f t - f f t , fe?o; ( 8 ) ? t t l t f t - t ?t?lff?Tt, % 8ff8; (ff)
t f e f t t f r ? ? I w t w t i r w ? f t w w r t wrwrf. W f ? t w T I w t f f f W f W W ' - t f r i , 'J. iff8; (b) ? 1 # ^ - f t W I t W f .
(T. W. Haig, Historic Landmarks of the Deccan, ?1??-t t t f t i ? (MS), fol. o i f f ; ( 1 ) Rleu. Pers. Cat., 1,
a W T W t ifeoi f , f (tTr) I i i i i / i i e v t r ? ? t t WIT? ?1 373 b. iii, 976 b; ( V ) Asiatick Miscellany,
Ttw?ititi? f"str? tittTfT-W8W w?-w?i? t H (g.)-cf T W I Calcutta ilb-ff i f . , Sfe'b-fffel; (fe) f f f f f ' W f ,
t w T I a?i WtT? ? l f f ^ f?t T I , w t t wtttt W I T ? ?15? ftffw W f t w w ( f ^ W t t n ) , fft., i i v - o f f ; ( i o ) Brockelmann, S
W'wiftî-tvitti? ftfw ^3 W W f f w # i f f ? w r t w i t t r o 11, 'Jjoo-i; ( i i ) W t f f t WT?Wt t t f f l f , rtlW-t W t f t fttftf
t r ? ftf^ftnt f f t w t f r t w f r t t i wrwrf? f f w ? ? ^ tetr (f(^5|W?), a w r W t ife?fe f , ? t . , i ' b o - l l ; ( i ? ) t f t t f f
wrr? T i f ? , t w wftwj, t f f r t , f t f . fftw I ?lf'j?ii? ( t ) - a ? f t f t , - f ^ ' f - t t f W f t , g. WTttf; ( i o ) f W t f WT?frf,
f t f f t f w r t f f i w i t f ? w r ? W W tTf^pt? (t)-a? f t f ?5tfw Contribution of India to Arabic Literature, f f f S ;
f f t T t f W ? t f ? w f t w (g.)-a? w w f W r ? feft T T f W f t - f T t ( i 8 ) W ? f ( R f ) W?r?t w f ? , t - t W W ; (iff) f ? f t f - f t
ftrft W 5 tsrt? I . c?r?, 'swt 'wtf W W f ffttrf, T ? f ? t ? t f i
wrw? f r f t r w t r f f t f ? ?tcc?s ' w i ? f wtw? ( i ) A. S. Bazmee Ansari (E.I.2)/ ctis Wrfft? W^
ff?Tft-W?Wt? f t wiwft ft=5fH (ttrW, ( W r t iooo/iVVb) I îflflf ( ^ M ~ ; j l j I) s iVfeij/fel-ife'bo/'b8
tr? w w ^ w cttrf? f t f 5 T53 ?wi w w w f ' t - w T f r ? ^ f . , fTf-wrgrwg a f w ? fttitw 'wtttt, ftwftftft, w f f f f .
t t w f ffstcwt
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f ^ f f w n t f ff:tn"=ftrtf i w t f f f , f^=ii*p|vs * Ttfmsi vol, I. pp. 4 7 3 , 5 5 4 , 565.) i' CW CW ncPTCn R R

n?ftW atRra (R5t mfsR ' W f n - ^ 1 % WR ffstf n m i R * R^n i ^ R m w fsimn ' w f mens wfRw m?iimR
SRS# 1 R w ntn sTiRpf f W R I ' W t f I W C 5 S f^2fOTCR fnRn fcnn atnn tnenn wRennen n m i R R R t Rcnn i
n#?n c w Rmwfsafim m ntlsR iI5<iiw f S A t f n isps I f. RRn mnw Rmnnw f n R nf^ f f A i f tstn
maiRR ffsrtf a n f R t f t cwRfS nffrnw W f l T R w n 1 wmwn flgt cmm Rmen iRnR An ( Robinson,
n T ^ w r n n n n - t n K n R f n R R i f ste R R S J % A S nrnr 2fT Separatism, p. 2 1 5 ) i R R Rnr^ptw ate^ m*mm
sn I AM'Slswt R R t n n R * R , " w f * S f w t n fTt*rf% wwn 'wtnf'n-mit wss 'wifm^-'wimn mw*m' (i>i&) *
nênn 1 w i R e n R R w t # T wnjTA mRm t n w neif cn n f n fsfRft ^ * m ' - n (i&Ao) mnsn mn w n (Minauit,
mf^wj w ^ nsenn w ^ WISKS5'wtmm nm An 1 t t c n # mntn* Khilafat, pp. 8 0 - 8 1 , 121, 152) i a f t c n t ^ - ^ ^ n t n
w i n nnn R l i nnfms wntewtRm * laRm mtnnnA R n w i t fntnn nf^Pt
nsmiRcns w ^ f < A i f Rcnn rnnmmn R ^ i R R f s j n ( w t n w wm ^ne^ fmmn)-n ^^^fn mtfc sten i t i f n
Rw t A S W f c n n tntRnrtw rnnntw n^cn^ n w RnRSiot mw*ni1t tin ^sft nnffn (fltt)-cnn ntt n#5tns wnAcmn ( ^ ,
nsRmRcnn <i)n? ntfnimn ifibM'its witstAt w n i R ^ nnmsi * ntn^fns nm t w i R nwn, cnw ffnmn, cnm * ftnn
ninsrsstcn R R mwfRcw cmn cnn litni atntm wtnnfn ntttfe m f f t ntnwrtn, f n r nwn tTtR) i ctn n w ât
mnen atRw "wtlnn * Ttfmm wtemnenn Rnnw n f f n mw*mn w t m f n mnewn wnfnns ms tw 'wttnn m w mn
m*mm 'wtnf'n-mft Rfsf niAift (itrns-i&Ato f .)-css wfnnn f n n t t l c n n nfnm tme^ 'f*iRt' (nmw) ^ * m men
nsRcwn (Francis Robinson, Separatism Among wiwR nsm A S I c w m f t i&Ao f. cnt^ttcw fnf'tn wtnw fStmnnw
Indian IVIuslims, Cambridge, England 1979, pp nsnnnenn wnfliw A S mi f S A t f tmn 'Snrm' wfsentenn
214-15,426)1 nmniw^ ssesn (Robinson. Separatism, p. 9 2 ) i cnt
R R niR-tnmn (Rt-fnRn ntsR) wtemnenn nnR n w cnct^n men t n f ^ wtnw fStnimiw nsmptenn wtntn w f f ^
Renn i i ^ i - - i 8 f . .at wtemnenn l e ^ W f n^Rm f f A i f A S f m m w lans, 'wtsf"n-ntfn mmSf (f. i&i)-.an ^
ntwfRRn Rmen aiRR m nênn i R R f R n mnenn cntn f f A n f tsfn nrntfw^ ^^sn i fwR fssatcnets aftcnf^ f^tmw
Remf Rcmn i ffest i ^[ntt W f n rnnRcnn Sf-rnm ssRfts caffne^ flenn vant cwm f^tntf^ wnnesn^Rcw SASis
mRm ntt m g w n ntan cntnemn wts A S I f f A n f Rcnn nmnfw5 sscsn f. Ae) i
tmn sfRntn wtemnenn afnR cnt i n A t i f n f n R n n A R R f R n f. (new?n) cn n w 'wttncnn atcsttn w t n t s n w - t
n n w ^^ws5 n f s n vant nnm^ ntn nfm W f c n n nnmnten 'SnTm'-ft=n atRf&w A S , f f A ' t f flenn wtsrens w m w n i
w n ? R w n nn Rmen f R mw w n 1 wwsnn R R mnmfniC't wtntsitews fstw^ ssmmesen f m s f f n ^ tin 's^f8-Aie, 8Ato)I f i t t t m w f s nR wnsemn wtcmnens nnn nnsf wtscw.
i&itr f . Rfc wfR Rfin mnw f n R n f c n n ^ a w t afsRw fsmntnn stew ^m ttlfwiw wtntm ?tfcnn fc^
mRf n e w n n -lannt Retn^ ât Rn cn, tAtew "wiRRnn wtfTn-t ttlfwiw atfw^'-.an mnefts nf^ttn Swns flenn
nnainn wttttn w n i wtnen mtwmm cn ntwn 'wtRn tste f f A i f * m*mm wtfn-nnw W R i -at smmn nt^nmnwrss
wttJfAn w n wnicm f f A l f Renn wmwn I wtn stet f f "Atf A S Rms atcnt stew i i&Ai f. ( ^ Ae-Ai>) mtmn WfRo fnms
wmtm 'wtRn f f n n fcnn nR nAcntRm wtns nsenn i aftci#t^ wiftsjlw-t 'Smmn wfnenten tnAtesn wtfn tnfsw *
fmmwt, 'wtfnw, cntntfn, R f , w t S t mtm, mnfn, wtsm ^mSRn nf^ A S I -at wfscstenn n ^ w ffsnf * nrsnRi
wiA'ntntmn tTtR tAcn wfRw fcnn RR^ niRf n e w n wtmn nnsf wtnenfntnnfne^RntR n f n cnwincnn'* iî^wn
W f e n n f n w cmm Rntcn f f A " i f wttsfAn nsenn (Gail ^^^f^tfnmf wrfcsn wfcn n t n t ^ w m -aft fnrtf
IVIinault, The Khilafat Movement, Delhi 1982, atns?t cnt w n (Minauit, p. 1 5 3 ; Robinson,
p. 182: Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (ed.). Separatism, p. 329) i
Foundation of Pakistan, All-India Muslim ntwfR tnntcm n f n ntftes ncA-ant em?nn mwffwcw wtt
League Documents t 1 9 0 6 - 1 9 4 7 , Dhaka, n. d.,/ 5f^n nmt 'wiRnnenn wmwn stsR nswrn-ât nwntenn est ntnns
t n n t f tmsemn
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ff?ff
fITffCI? WW ftWR f f ? l f I i S ) ? b f t w w W f ? - t wr^t?nw-t t w w -t f r f ( f f f f t w ifeis> %) ?tcw ^ j t f t t t t

wft*ww fftirct? twttw? ftft wttw tswt, tww*? at t i t k f ctiffTî f w t m i w t t f ? f t f t t c f ? w w a f t t ^^tf
t f w silwffe fw wiww?rf Wf?tw? R#f f^ wft? w t w t f t f ? wft wtwct? w c w t c t t t f c t f fC?? I ^ f f c t t ,
?5ftw f[T3? f f r w i g w??? f W mit wft? stwtwf? ?5Tw t t t t f t r i T , t f t i t wttc? w t r r t i f c f f s t t f t f w a t wft?
(IVKnault, Khaafat, p. 150) i W1.ff tnWt fffcw WCf? I i t t t ? ffft W1?CW? fttttCf?
f t f t R f f , ffwfiw wiwfttt <3 wit'twtw-t t w w ? f f c f t J3WWW? T l a ? i i^sb % f f t r w w ? t c f ? t i c k t c f ?
twtnwttfc? f??Tf tftrcst, f t t t wtw? twttct t t w t rsf t w c t c f t w f f f f t f t t ? WW f i c s f t f f t w^ww w t f t w w t
ftfwi?* ?< ?wir< at w t t f?.t fftctt ^ t w a?i tw?. witicf? f c t f r c ^ t c t t f w f w T I I
a f w a t w ? ^tc^t?, w?ft? fWttft wtrtw W3Ww? Cff ftwtet? f ? f f T i f w?ct f i f f w w? m i f t twttf
t r w f f w ? w?u5? WW 'ff w f t w ' wft ?sftw, afwrwt f&wTtiw f f t f t w f f i f ?wi? ftew t e t i f f e t f fc?? i f r ?
5tct wa?i?et f f t w m i tW t t w f fttiw wtttitw i ffft f ^ t i w " t w i f f f f ' w e t f f t ^ I f w ? t c w a t f f f t f t ?
ws srwt fffwit, w t f f t t t t r t t f f t t tfwcf f t t t t w ? f&w? f t f f f a f twie?? tffsfw i T I ? W f ? T W f (t) t l c t ?
W f f f W wwt I w t a t W f f ttcw www?cf t ^ tfcw w t r f c f ? c t w ( u ^ ^ L > ^ l f L ^ i ) [wiWf f t r f , wt?1f?t-t
^tw I f?W1t wf??tc t^tf'ffw stwtwttwff t^W f?-|Miif, wtett, w. ft., ^. b; i& c t t f , ftff t f , u i w ifevo, ^.
ffw f f T ' t f a t W5?lt afffflw tfwiw tnst tjtrwt i Vo] I ? t ^ wttttw ftttftt f W W f i ffft wiWwiw-t ??rf
(Robinson, Separatlsnn. pp. 314, 332, 330; (^_^L, J c i ^ U ^ ) w WRtWiW-t ?fittf?ri ( i ^ L > j
Minault, Khilafat, p. 182; Pirzada, Foundation, WTiWfif?-???itf#?(crh^î^j-ii <Ji=^) WW a f t t i f t f t f ^
p. 5 6 5 ) 1 f c t ? I t r ? c f # ? w f f t f i t c f i t t f s i m i f t f ? w f f t tewt?
ffwww wiwftt? f f t ^?i f f f t t (is>?o-A8 If.) f ? ? i f w w w e t I f t r f ffewt f l e t ? t r ? c5W?wit i ttt? t t w t t
Witft?ficstctftf#?tftwftftitw? f w t r w f t w f f t c f f f e ? ? t f t w t i W w f t c t tftc?, "wttw wtwt?? f i f w ( j . ^
ttww I f ITStCt? f w ^tc i?C\o? f ? ^ f T ? tfft W l ^ - W W t dJ I ULA^) r f ? T t % # f s f f i ? 'wift'wi-t ?witf?rt (=
wtwtt^t^twitwtwiwttswt m i f T i t i t w t t Cft I issôf i^L, j ) wet afft ff^^fffjH? ffwf&w ?? I ffft wrr?
tfft f w f w f ficisit fffft? witt-cftfc^ ftifw T l I w t t t t - w f % t r ? t i t k ? tj? f c t t I f r ? fJi TTW? f f T t f tlct?
?tcw wiw? fSwtr?t? www ftff^ ctw Cf? I cftft ftftrt f t t t f W t C f f t t w f wffCt? f f f w t f I ffft ???lf
Wttfcff f c t ft^ wt? ffftt tfffacfw trwNff i^ttwft T F F F T F I I W 3 F G fi?t'-^3 f ^ 1 t r ? tt-wtf a t t ftww? wtc?,
W ? t ^ fC?? (Robinson, Separatism, pp. 337-341) I ffsf ? t ^ wtewtt ^ ? i ffwe? I wmw wcfW wiwctcf
ife8 f - a f icWR? fr? ctw f f f ? fttct ffft witft? f i m t r ^^fft^ ttt f l f f i t I wiwcfcf? w t f t t f f ??rf f f f
ttcw 'jff ?tw f t f t 1 ifeo^ '^.-a fftw? wit-wttT? r w fwwffw wTTcf? WW w w w wrttf (a) ffcftww
ffffffjitc?? t f w f wattcf wt?c^ f t t w t f c t f tW5?t tistetttr (wrttf f ? T f , ftff t f , ? t i , ww is.vo f , ^. x
t ^ w?ftw tw? fftfs t f g f c f ffft ftww t t ? f c t t mi tfsc?iw wit-fwtftf, t w w w w f ? #?? f f f , r w is>v?
t w tw$iftfjiic^ f f t w t w?, 'wi?f WIW? t f f W f f f w i f , f-!jV-ly8) I
fc?t 1 ?tww ^ c w twft t ^ t t t fc?t mi ttctrcf? ww ffwftw wtewtt %tfw ^t?t? f? f f T t f W t f R stiff
f c t f f t f ? ^ a t t fftw wtcfw fwft wtctftw c%?? i wfi? wiewt? tffW cwtet? i a t t t ? ftftft% w t t r r ? f f f ftsr^
t t w t fWw ftctitwo fiCf? I t f t t?Cf? f t f t R cwwtftc a f $ c f f ffttfww ?? (Robinson Separatism, p.
Islam and Christianity f f f tlCtft wiW? ftiffw w 426) I Cff ffwtct? f? ttffw t f ? ttc fftfw Wttfw ?=fef?
t w w sfft? fct? WT? ftftftf at? ti?fww wtc? I wrcttfw ftictiffw fW wt?wi? tfe?tffw f?i? t t f w tttw ffft tww
ttc fwft t w f'wi^TW wictt a t i ttfft? w t c f ? ffcft fc?t I a t ?t?et Cf? Cf? f r c f ftfttf% wi?ti?T? ' j k f i t f
ctTitt ftww Wft? f f t w t wtfitfict fwft w t f "witet? tftw wftf^ fftw tiCf? I
ffw - f f f f t t f T ? t l W ? ftcf t T f W fC?? 1 wwgf? T ^ Tfcttef wtiJFiw ^ w bH ?.t? ??ct f f ? - t f cfttffw
twft'^ff' ^ff T W f fwjitff fc?? mi wsfttfff ttffWcf tlwM1 fC??, Wft? f t l f f f ?t I f t t ? fJI TTWt f f T t f Rt?if
Î??r? wrffctif fc?? i wt?c? ftwf? wtwtiw 'wiftR t t t t ^ f f w WW f c t t 1 ffft wtew? f t f wt^wt' fftsfi?
WTfttJtW-t t W W ' - t t t W t t i ? fC?t, ftt5.nf w t t tWtff I
t t w f ff'Scfit
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f s A i f <p(.<j<ptiR f f K H af? nsnt pfiiiic^f I tm m^ we< tnfwntn t f t * nmA A S ) I t m f ffnntcw ctest^ wesf
ocsn> 1%s^ armRs ttmcA i f m s s f e ar^sRs nem t f t n msAt? fms wtcmfb^ AtstcA i
Insjnffo m f t nnfs^ afRw s sfffwfwwfcst w t f t^#n Wf ^[fnns n t ^ ^ ntffwn Snn
( i ) ms- Rm-t f c i w , mtm wfsm, fsff n f , n nt., liint cn nnncnt tmmn tfÂtens Snn trmwi atw cn a ^ aFcn
tnmPis> iftSwtn mtntwt, msn i ^ v o f.; ( A ) w p f s - t fn?w AtntcA, Smn ne^ n t f f w i f i t t t^ tfm csnmtfs
snmf ^ fssnfRrm- ( ) fn'mSn-fsw; (8) w t - w p r i f ^ - nn^ssmens ne^ ( i t o o o f. ^êw) t n t f cnnns * nsfnnenn
sfsstinsji; (e) mfs-t-stfsifnsTtw; (to) mwmmA-t tSemn -am njt'Wwfen ^^cmn witn nsfirat wtsw SnnAtenet nncmi cn cmnfaj
w f w f ; (n) Wf-filmfw i >ait ar?e1n mtm-t stssiRsji ne#t nftstCA Sm fscsHi nsfnen -ant cnt nesf tfwntfn-fn affn
S5WSS (ffsnfsftn) afsnPfw .ast tmense^ wffn'mf mssfnsjis nstss cn nssn w m wtswncn wtnnn nsfnrnflcnn--fRntfn-fn
mîmftm^ smi ^^siRn 1 f s s n % tnmn viftisgf sîHtoH f. f m s tSemn ^ n s wR^swt f n f ^ ffmflcnn cn
vast ASSW f t ^ n (n) fn?if cmm; nn ^cw iit fnwtc C'ftmn n ^ Aten cn, wtswncn wmw
ncwst micmcss f m s nn
af^nfsw 1 t m f nnt flenn amn art^ cnfn cntns %tm tSemfn f w n
mtn-msnts nesf nfnfBw ststflcnn i wcs i i t twesss c w nnf^
mm f f l 'wiPm ftmcs f f A i f f m s mf^^nw * mfsntfsss
cnntew cnn n ^ f n c w nrmwj a t w cnm mn m i tSemn
f n c n tnmcns fsfsfncss mfnm sfncwn i f f n flenn nsn, mm nnatnn atttnifbs>, R ? n t f ^ fsnsn wmm mt f A t w
wnrsgs fsnf I f f n fnsf mens nftw '"sniAnts, 'wnmf' tmifn wrf Atfn (f. iHtoto f .)-ias cnm '^cw i ii<oA f. f f n cnenn,
fsnsfs^ t ^ cmn s^fsc^n (fsAnf, w t f r n , ^ <t) i m f ^ c w c w tSemfn cnet wftenn wfnw, Sfwwn f n n mnn
f m s <as5 fsenn un fln; wwj cwsfff, f n s f m men f f n n ^ n f w * f n n s w n ? t f sncns n s w t f w sftstcA i Rfn f st
f ^ (Minauit, KhUafat, p. 46). afsnt nsffsTt nenn, wJnss ttesw nsjictn-ian Stent cn*m nc?*
ftw5m W f ,tc^t ssnfnfnmt w t f w nftw f m s ff? n t f f f n tSemt nnsen nttew ttesn mt (g. mfn, w t f t - t mfn,
fln (Robinson, Separatism, p. 426) i nn-ntcnn affw CASm iS.(M f., f. S.A-S>0, i i o - i i ) I
fms (?nf^m i wtmn tSemfn mmfw^ * mwnfw^ f R - t f w Rss*
af?n# s ( i ) w i n fsmtf, wrs'ffm-t fA'i^ft^, ^TC#f, wt. vii^j\s^ attn lant tHlfn<filcs Ri(s^ fnnnt fnfinte^ ftwics
fn.; (A)ffcntw wt-fsrtfln, nmm wmtfn f n n n 4 t , wnpfAtnnf wise <nsins>if 'wrsfm-mwftp f m f w t t f i
mnn i^VA f.; () Abul Hashim, The Creed of fwfn tSentetn nnwtw nmffs cgfn ntfcnn nem tfwr S ^
Islam, Dhaka 1980; ( 8 ) Gail Min ault, The wtnwncn w m f f w f w n mtn-ntnm mm nmss ncBwn flenn i
Khilafat Movement, Delhi 1982; (<t) Francis i v o i f. Pif'tew fifst 'wtsf'n-ntw'^ Jfmtnnmn, ntm, mfnm *
Robinson, Separatism Among Indian Muslims, ttncâfsfnw mtnfsms twitfn wtfR^ fnnnnfA fnm wtemsm
Cambirdge, England 1974; (to) Syed Sharifuddin nscsn 1 fR ttne^ atsfnw fsnj nsens n s w t f w , ntt ntwt,
Pirzada, Foudations of Pakistan, All India m^ n w nnmtn * mmnt ntfcnn nem nnwt n^Senn fnnn*
Muslim League Documents, vol.1. Dhaka, n.d. Segt mm i ctent^tt wfi, mmnt n t f n cntttcn wnttt
^. W f t ^menn ntenn -i^^pf lant wtmrnt fmên wttsfAt fnntn * MtfSw
''TW^ ((^jijO s 'Ft.'n^fRm "mfmm, tms nmfm ^ n t s wRmf I
w f t ^ ^ffsnn (g.) i ^ n n f t f t mtenffn wt-ntwt t ^ wtffnns mstmfA, cnt nc? wmtfnrnnnmwm* fnfRs
mAnif m^ w t w (nA.) f f w j n n f ntRcwjn fnnnetn wm cntt "^tiis sstf t*^ nttew tten i isit fnncn
nwt w t f t f t n * fftfwAm n%feA I njiwnmt'Fi^ cnnns nîfnnsS^fnnnf atmn fsmcAn fnm wtf WtRn tnnnmf i
f n n n , nm ffnmf, w * f ftf, nntf, sif, ntnsnf, f f n Rcnn wtnwne< snninssjf wtn vans tntf f n m ntfnA
mRn-t inm^s ntfn nnfsntf ist tftess fnfw^ we^ nrnms f n t f n fat I w t f wtfnn tSemt nnm fnstflenn .ant ias>v f.
^RntcAn I cnnn ncmnnn, fnf^^, f t , wnwf, smmn mm, ^cw i v o f. t f s wtm nnnm fnntflenn iant f f t ntfnA
Sfttm, f R , mm^fmm, tîtfn (s. fnAfm, f^fcntnm w t f , ivi<? f. iêw ivis> f. tf ttnew tm^^m fsntflcnn i
fftw ntmew, n., vto-\) i wtfR^ w n w t f t ^ ntntfwss Swcst wsnnen ttne af#iw mntfw^, ntwtnfwss f R * wfnw
si'S;'g>if^<i wef nrnAw Atsicte. (nsnn* nsnn* ât mt n^c^ Rtff5wtcs cnetn i wes fmens ^ W C R S n-Rtew ff? R?
t n m f ffsemn
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W f e , c T O < r a TO I WTf Wifir? f t t f f f f mm wfW5? ?'TTO ^ t f ? C t f C f ctft ttfftft t t (tlt^ i b - i 8 ^.), '$??!
fTOTOTOtf I f f t ^ t t W s f i f f f f t flTOfCara T t f f W t W f t r o c f f c f t t f f t f t t t (WffW, ib-?fe If.) 'Q w f T O t r f ?
w f t T w f f f t f f fttfT a f i ftnjsf JtsmwT f f t f f ? C t W C f C f f t ttfffft f t (wtSW tlt5, ib-?8 ^ . )
f t f j ttc w f t f t ? ?sc?? ( g . f t r o ftrffe f T f ? - t T f f t , croct? rot twc?? f t t f t r r ' t f c t t f ? f5wt-t?w ffff?
C??t? iS18 {. i f f ? , i f e f f - ^ ) 1 W f ? f C W f t f t ftftt?- tffft ^ tift t ^ w f f f ? wtrtft w f c ? ? 1 fctfft
t i R T : ^ f f i f T ?#5n c t t c t f c f fftitTc?? f?tt?t-t w t t f 'Stfffft ?tc, c t t ? f t ? t f ? r o '^fff TO t t f e ff^W TO ct,
( T t f t w r ? c t f ) a?l W I f T S ? tft t t C W v f t t J t t t t f t t f ? t f t J T T w f t w ? t f i f row t ^ C f t t C f t ? t w f f t f f f c f ? f t
(g. twTrtT?-ft f??t t l f t t ? ' % i f , c?TO ife^b- j. ib-fe, t c t t w ? f i t I WW ? f f , f f f t ? t f w f ? ctet? t l t f ? f f f
? o i , i 8 ) I ? f ifef fc?s c? t?st t?Tft ^ c ? t c f ff?nf^ t m t f t f fftif'^ftfW<3 tflff ? t I
WtTtTR? tC?J t f C t t t ^ C t - a W f t f T l f t JttJtt? tftif?) tttl W f t f i P ' t - f t f1?-a? f t W f f t C t ? (ilr8b--fe^b ^.) ?êt
f i t a t i CtffC? t I T t t f e f f f f tjttrt 7 t f t t R ^ C? TOtt w f ? f t f ? f f f t r t f f wtftc? w f l f f w ? ? i < f i t f ? f t f f
t?t?t f f w t f c ? a?i tTtt?tT;f? ftfJt wftT? cstftt ? ? I ib-ffv % f t w wfw? ft? ffft-ww f r o tfttw ti?
liberte, egalite, fratemite-Cf wt?tct? catftc?? W f ^ fc?? a ? i ctfttfttwe? W W t f e t t f ? t i t f ? t f f ? t i t i
?5C? [g. ( i ) t t t t t t ?Ttt, f t f l f f f T ? T '<3?t ?t?!ttf?StTOt?1t, w f w ? f ! t - a ? t t t f t t f fbwttrro f f w f w t ? a f w ^ f f w r o t f
i - o f . , C?TO ifevbb- ( ? ) tt?5Jt f t f t f T t , ?t?Tttf?tt TO f u w w t f t t f w e f a f t f f f a ctett, c?t t e a ftft f T C f
t r o , C ? ^ ife^br f ] I t t f t ? f f f ? t i c w t t f f f r o W W w t w ffww f f t r o w w
. t5c?lCf T f t t , t t t r CtCt-CfTO (laissez fazire) ?t wfcttt W t T O I ftft t ? t f w t f c t ? t w t w w f t w W T O t t t w
t?ftc?? W f t ? f t f f tIlff? TOtt tff?t frit f f t ? t l ^ W ? ! ^ c r o t t W 3 t I W t f i f - a ? c f t f r a ? t f t ? t w f f w - ^ T O w?t tf?
f f f ? f t ?ta?tC?? t T O t ? title? t?T ft?t, tt?tc fe?t ^ ? f wwtwtiw c t t f w f t ffftb? t i T O t e a ? w f t w ?
ttftj tttcsf? w f t f f c g f ? (Third Estate) W?J T f ? f TOt fft? f f t f t fc?? (Wf. t w t f t w t c g f , c??rt, ? i
?prttw tttwftcf? cwtftt 1 ^ f t w it??.?ttwttftft?tft Pt?l ft oibnb/sisi, W f W ? - t w t t w f w w , t t w f ' w ft-wro-t f ? w
? J ? t t f t f t t t t f C ? ? f??atf? T f t t I Wiit? wft!? at TOtt w t t t t f ! t - a , cw?gtt ife8b- ^. ? 8 - ^ ) I a ^ tete? (ib-ffv
t ? t f C2ftfC=H? t f f S wf t t t t t t t f i t I f l ? t l?l^l ft f f S 'Ô'^sfJtf t w f ? wrf?w!?if w?tfft, ? t ? t g f s o ? ctcfiftrrc??
t?tct? ffcsfct? f ^ i t f ? w w r o t ? w i f w w f t w fftw tttwet? c ^ fc? W f ? t t f t f t ? w f f t - w w a f f t t t t f f
wtfticflt a?i a t t f w f ? row w ? f t t w?tTR? f f f t a f f t w f f c f trtftet f l e t ? i ffft f f ? r f t t f c t ^ t ^ e ^ ctett
f fcwtr ftstftf f if?f ? t tc? '5t?t ftftsc? I wt, ??i f f f t f ^ wtffft f f f t a t t c f t f f w a f t t t e a
f t w w wtc ftwro t t f t t f i t ? w?]t t f t t f f ?? a t ct, CfftWtt?, w f t w (liberty) t W f ? W f t W w f t ^ c? f i t c t
tfwcj? c t f t f ? w t t t w ctcf? f t c t , wtiicw? tetr ftwwt, f f f t tgtrit? t t t t t e t ? cett f t f t r f l c f t t t t w f c w t f f t t r f l c t ? ,
twt 2 i f w w ? f -ffw tftfcttct? w?i t f f a f t tttt tc I ifef wt?t8 ? ^ fc?? I f t f f t f r o tfS '^ffffic f w tea? w f
fCf? fC ftWCT? W S f l f t f?e, f t w Wft^ t l t ^ , atf Wfttwe f W f fc?t (^tt?t t f ? 'witf-at? wttf,
w f f r o f f f T ^ t r o W t f f f w t t t f f f at f? f f f ?tct wfti^->s?nfTt t r l i f - t W f f t t r r s âw fttf!?t-t t t f r t TO
ffcft ?5f f f ?ttW ftC# ? ? I WWCJ? w i t W f f C t C f ? W t f f t - W W , , C ? r o ife>!sff f , Off8-b^) I
fftffw f t f r o W W t r o ffcwcf t t t f f f t f f w w f t ?% iwsb f w E t f w s w t i w c t f f w w t w f a w w J t f f f fttfift
t t f f t t ? fi?w t ? f i ? W f f t f W ? w t i c t c t f c f f f w w f fftw t ^ a f ttft f f ?i5W f c t t I ctttte? ffft w t w f w e w ?
f t t r o W W f'sft f t t f t f ? t w w T t t f t f t f f w tc? f C ? , wtit ct roro f t e ? f f c t t f t t t t f c ? ? a t i t t w f ffwt? cwca
f t ? c t t f ? w t t t t ? t f t w a c f W f t f f f f w t t t ^ ffwt wc? cfitft? t c w w f ? f f f t ^ ffft weWbW f e ? ? i ffft
W W t f r w c f t t i t t ?? I t?tc?? f?t? t ? f T ? f f f c f t t f f f t f ' f t l t f ? w w f ' i^j^ J _.-..î)-cf T l w c f ffww f f f w
w w w f t fftsffw f w t t t t t w ?ft f c f t f f w f t f f i t , Cfft? c t t s f t ? tetr f i t W f - w f ? w . w t t t t e t e t ? w f t w ^3
t T t f W f f f f ! ? c t t ^ f f f f f f t r t f w TO w t I w a f t c f f f T t r o w f t w ( W f . w w f t t w t c a f , i i : a t wwjw
ffCtCf C t ? t f ? T ? T f t t ? ' ' w t f f t ? (ias>1-ib^8 % ) f g W f f f f f t t f f ? ff??t fftc? g . ' w t t f t - c w w t ? T f f ,
ftrWt f t ? (ib-08-8b- ^.) a t fC??t f t t w t c t f C ? f 1 t tf?f?W-t ff5W!?TOt-ft WwftW-t t?f-ft ffft, - ^ i , C ^ i f e l S
f t S t t w f f t f f f t t t C f t f W C f Cf?t t w T I I f ? W W f t - iff-br) I
t t w f fffcwt
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isst t w i w cm m^ mm cwcm ntftca isnltw fnniRs wmen nfnnt fnwtft5'n-m*m siwj^ ssesn cn, wjn^
'8s^f4 nRwn mt I SA tSc<ii%r cm c w mmj ntf * fcSc^m ntwwacss nmiwies wtaimt ^^Rnte^ i lat
cnct* mtfnnTfn^ WtCWR cnti cnu; t%nf ftCSll;j^ nnes fnwtfin fftt tifenc^ mmitetn ntwtfnmess ffwnw
wtfwnfA w t m cict Stlmmt mgnrat <sRc wR?sn nest A S fnt nscsn, fss? fnmn nsfnew ttesn mten, w i j ^ wfnmew tmm
<ant tstm wTts.'cnt-sm fwts f a w s A S I (fit tsm ntmam ^ * wfsit w f n w cmt nsfnew tiRm i W s f t iJsoto-ii f.
cnt nc5f w fssstfn tstcsTs nfct f^smss ststt ^^fnirt sis, >iist f n n w t ^ Rgenn nncn t m f tetn m f n w n w i e ^ f n w
cmm ifift f w Iffw sfsncns c ^ < ^ sscs, mms w i cncts cstet cnf^lntflcnn (mAf tm fnwiRgff-m*m tinsif, tiRntw-t
wnmstscts wm f%? ifsmn w t f m mfmm m ssm An i %im fnwTRfn-m*m, cwAnm issns f., f. ibv-ss, A i - i i ) i
A'msn mn fnntAnints (f. ib-b-i f.) sswss fftw mtîfnssws 'FiniA'tfn fflew mfnwi fln tfwmenn *Rtnt^ Sttmn i f f n
S ^ t s sm^tnfA, ibô f. mm fsm, -smsstt-t 'wtfnmt, nen nsRwn, cssm t f w t ttfwt ttffew tten m nfn m wtms fR
\sstwm fnwiff tnft, fnsfn t^nfn ntsmncajs stssm, f s m AS >iins m f ^ tmn (ntwntm-t f s m A'nmn tm w t A i f ,
nsTwA' 'wt^ wtf^-mmA (f. i b ^ b f.) mn f n r n w n - i{to f., f . i'SSs-S'!}) 1
nm w f f (f. ibSsff f.), n t n w mn (iSsob f.), sift cntss w f n wtesss nn f f w f f s * S\s m t I WtAtenn nem sttn
mntfen nntcntb^ncts wtfwmrss cnt nssn ntntatJcns nens f f ? f s s ? mmj* flenn i iAteis"Sign Atslfit Renf tf%m
ntffncw tntcwm w t mtcw mes i nmcntbssnt fstwn t s w f 3 stfwnf^, nss>if wffnnfCA f f R * wfens
nmtfwss sstincnm tfsnwn f s m cntien m f n nm?t t f w nittnsm mx. nesftR RenRtets stR stms fcmt-fRmn nnm i
sMcns wm mifswtes sfcett mnttew ttesm <ast Smn n^cn Atit ntniiA' (f. iJAe f.), ntngn-'wttnfn ntmtTf (f. i J s i i
ff? tfsntet fnstbcns mfmm, ntwtfmmtmifnnwm wiemnn %), f n m 'wi<fs-niA^ w r s f f wifnnw (f. i^î f.), fnm
AS I c w c w wTffnsswtmf, cm^ n t n w * RtiAnttis <awsjn wt^t tm Rsntf (f. ibSsto f.) sifcts cntt 4st n t n w *
ts wsms AtstfAcn-i cn, fmm 5 tsten fsenf ^ fsfncsi^tc^ win-tifs (f; ibfeto f.) ^ ' f ^ tin wtnstfn tmenn
nnftt w n mt, nnt SAtc<p Stntft'^Rnrn wm ^mnfn ffnnst* ntwNwns * wsltnfw^ w n ^ fnncn wntetn sttfaram nesf^
tmn fsmflcnn I fmm m f n f m w t f s rnntift tSestct cn stffnff^fn smsit i wtnsttf mfnwt nfnew ffstewn c w
me< sjttitw AtstcA wtm S t n R ^^Rw tifnntfAcnn nfnm nen ^nwtfn wtfnn n s w s s tfsswn ntttm cntttcn limsft
AS I csnn SniAtn^sit, wif^-ntntA, >atsit nw* atssm nscsn cn,wnnsmttnstf nnmess stRf i wcs wm c n t s t t , f f t n nsfnm
W t f m mfmm * tnntens ncm cssinsit wtetm nsn ncA I RR wTfnnw,.mfnw nmtm Stcn wfsws w< stemt w n i tmcss
w t f s mnm mm tftnrtnn nnnmfe n t n f ^ f R - t f w fs^tRwwtes sntn-Rcsnt ssRm t f n cmttRmesn mfmm,
fRntflenn (-mffn wtfnnjiw, wtffntm-fn fnm nnwA 'mtf nsnmtcam mfmm, wnnntesets w f n w * nwmw s t w t s
mrff nrniA, cAsm i ^ s o f., f. isb-ss) i wen S e ^ mnenn mfnwtcss fstttew csSt w n i -at nens n w e m ^ wtmfR
srcntwcn fnssttt cntsst w t f mc^ fmens mntm nesf R?5t 'ntnwo}' f w ^ nntw mniin ffmtfnm w n mx wmn
tnntf wrnnm cmt mtitntfAcnn i S m ^ t w t ntwtfnwtcss nmm- ntftfwms nm?m ^tt nenn cntttcn fffttetn fnetn
fmm wm-mtns fsm m'sif *m'n-ntAf^ 'wtfnn-fnw ( v i fRm ttffen m, f f m f amtR n ^ w t sten <mx c w s t w
^ v_ij>--Li^)-v9s nesf mnnji< nenn Re^tf Asc't't tttfen m i
C W f "n-Alf A l t f , The idea of constitutionalism in lat -asst nncn wiA'nm mRt (f. ibJsH f .)-ian cnwc^
Persian Literature prior to the 1906 Revolution, iflRpnn n s w n t f - f R f f ftmtew w r s t w f êsn I mfnt-<as
Akten des vU-vfl fil^tf^ i Kongresses fur Arabistik nsoses 'QS^*I4 st^Snfwss * npfln^ af? m*ntfnwi-*nt^Tt
und Islamwissenschaft, Gottingen iJHb f., (nsm ib-ê-bA -^.ym f n Rnss? f ^ rnmfw^ nimesn
Gottigen iSs'ito % , % ibSs-Ao'H) i -aft nncs w * ^ nn srcstwfnwt <mx wtmfR fttnm wtfenn ^[gn wntetn
f f w f f n wtfnfn mt, wtmm* mfnm mm R f ^ ttesm i f R I f m s wcnss ftni, ntt t t f n , m*m, w t f f , 'wmf w *
5nwtfAgn-m*nt (f. iJsAi f.) nrnns viisswn w f w E ftfR<p * weness wtmess wfnnt nsenn (a.) fwR cnsnn, Tajik
fnm ^mmn tm w i A i f , fsfn ibvs-e % nnean nem mf*tm, Literature from the 16th century to the present,
ign^ * ftwm n w nscsn i c n t ^ wtntfc^ fntffn ^ f w w ^ J. Rypka et alii. History of Iranian literature-v9,
nfnm nen ssenn i ivno f. ff&t t i f e n ^ fSffwsstets wm Dordrecht iJstob f., f. 8\r(t-bo<t) i t n n f wmen Wtnm
tnmf tf^cmn
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Contents
a-?fe
fffiTOrf ft^ f f w r - s cfffcs t i t I C f H ' W T ? I % fanr-t w t t t f ' fftc?, ftett fftw w f t w (liberty) WCW? ttstt? f W W
' W t f f t f f t I f flTOF-t t?ffs't1t-t fttf' ( R T T T f f - f t t f t c t t f f l c t t , ctt'Qftcf f t t f t t w e t ? f e w w t f ? ?t?t
wmf, -tfii-ff wmiff?mw-t wtfwf, o o o - i ^ o o f?., tcw f f w t e ? fftc? (g. " W l t f t - r f ? t t f t , Shaykh Fazl
Allah Nuris Refutation of the Idea of
a t t t c t t WlfttftwiCt W f f f f f o t ? f%f f%f t S W t f t f t J t f t constitutionalism, Middle-East Studies- a
i f T I I wtft t t C t t wc? iJst W o t f t l t f t ^ - f t Stfw^lffolt t f f f f ) I a t cfcttw f t , a t ? f f w e t f tt-ffcwt f f t l t
f t f t ti'Stl'iRxti w i t t f ' f t i f t rtf ac<)>?ic? tiwivlti-aict fttit t i t k fc?; w ? t t cftîe csttH ff, wrsf?! w f t w ^ w,
ffctf ^c WTctf? ctc*tt w f f o f I c>it tTgtt? ^ ?tft-a? t f r
t f m c t fcttsft w t l f t a - t f a t t ^ t w f f T I I c t t t f f t i f e o i -s ifeiff f t s f - ? ^ ^ ifeife t s f - t t f W i f f ^
(iVbH %) W t f t - t I T t (ib-lff i W f t H fftet
%) f c t f c t f t t wtf?f?tf wtewt? t t f r t c i , ctt? f W f t n
W f f t H C t t Ct t t t f f ? 1Tt ttCbCt C f f tffffffft tltlt (g.)-a? c?cf, f f w w f (g.)-? c?cf f r i w t W f f t n
^tcc? tTi5ft t t t a f f f f t f ^ f f t f t f a t t ftftTspf-Wfttf?-t f f t t t t - a ? c?ef t i t ^ w t e w t t i i f e i i ftte?? tc?
w f f t T f f f t ( i f e i i %) I a t tf3fffc w f f f f f T f t w t f t cttfkt f f f t t t?fe?? t f ? wt?tet? wft-ww t i t t w
T f t f f f t t f t t t J t f f t W]W fWfCt WlCttbtt f t f ^ I t r ? ct? I f c t w f t w tftc a f t w w c ? t ifeife % t w t t f f f w
t t H t W I t f f ^ l W t W ^ f ? f f w f?t, 'tfJffCt w f f t t?f f t t f t t t w w?f? wt? c? C f H f f c r f T s e w f ww wf?tcf
wttf t t t t s t t t t t t t w f < w f f s f , t f f f t f >s w f f f i ? f f f ftfe tie?, w r ^ e t?fe?? f f w c f f f t ? i twc??
c w t fC?' (vartan Gregorian, The emergence of f s ? f f t t f f t t f f fftt (ife?o ^.) f t r a t t f t wtewwH?
modern Afghanistan, f t e t t ifeife % isb-) i C f H cfttft? tesf t r w t f w f t f w f i t , w t w f ? tt?fi? tes?
w f t w ? fftc? a t tte?? f f w t ? ? f f t c t ? w f t H - t w t f t t ? , t t l w t t l f ? cWt f c ? I f f t f f % t t wffwc?? w f t
t}%rtt-t W f f f t wwtw ta-tftiffc^ f f t f f T t I s. ttffjt ftftet? tetr ? ^ f f w ? w t r c t f t f o f ? f f w wwet? f w .
ftftt fffwt, JournaHsm in Afghanistan, t r ? ftfc f t c f ? I
Afghanistan t f a t t ? t f f f f , ?t., (ifeSb- ''j.), % t ? - l l i ftwt? ww??ef? f t t c t ? Cfet? f f e f f c t f w ? f f t c t t f ,
ifeoff-ii t?tC?? W t t W f l f fftc?? f t c t ffttc?? tC5f c?t? f??iw? t f ^ , f T W t - t t ? ? i f W f f , f ? t w t F f ?ir?
wl wfwtt f?1t 'jtf 'jtf t t t c ? w f t w ? tt?'Wf t t f f ; Ns . s f t f t - f ' f f t t t ? f www t w c w M i f t f t e ? wrwft
fc?? I a f t t ttt? t t w f f f w t r w twff 5tw w f t w ? wifrt trftc?? t w t a t t? ?tct t ? i f w t t e t ? f ^
t e w f w ?et?, f f f c t t w f t w ttwet? tesf w t s g w f f f W fffc ftcf? I t r e t ? tew f t r c f t t r c f Q f f t r t ? t
w f t w I t W T * t ^ t f ? W f 5 : t W t <tl?H w t f (f. ifeO'b ''^.) fffe T f I c?w fte??? w t w t c t (ife?<j--8i ''j.) ' w t t t f a t
Wf?tef C t i w f ? fttf ?ftiW ?ntTt fC??, ffsf Monte- f t t t t t?t f f S ^ w ? T 5 ' ^ I c t t ? tf^'W'wr f t a w ^ 'wrtrf'
cquieu -a??Tl? (De lesprit des lois, i, 1. iii. WtJt? b-) f f r f t r w ftwr? ww??f ^ c f % w t w t?re? f f w w w ?
f f f te? fffc?, C f H w t f f t w t c f ? wfe? w t fWê wtewt? V3 f f e g t r i ^ ^c f t w c f t f f t t i ife? c?w f t ?
c t M l f ?t wftit; wat, w f t w wwe?? a t w i a t w ? ^ f f j f f % t t l t c f c t w i t f ffttw cttttt fc??, tfsf w. Wf*t w r t r f
\5ftet ?fH tttc?? w t f t t t?flc?? t f f ? f t [ r t f , Shiism ( f . ifeife '^.)-? c?cf f t f r f t ftf f f f f f t t f f ? t f f W f
and Constitutionalism in Iran ( 5 . f f t f t ) ' J . i l l * , f t e WCf I rret? ttftci, c t t t ftw-c w w t w f
? i b r - ife] I f f f ? W 3 ? w w ^ f i t w?fe?? ftffttt I t t e t t f ? ' w w S t f f f ?t?tr?f?-w?icw w f t w ? tt?ti's-twwtftf ff%#t
ti?tt mm f r c f ? wfff? wwftt f i t , wfftt? fttfct? tc!T ^ e tntrr ^ e f r c f i ww ctt? ctt? f f t f f , c t t ? t t r f
f r e t ? f f t ^ cttfiewt f i t , 'cft f t f t t f r e t ? w f f f ? f f t f i ? f t t i f t t f (f. ifeSi ^.) w t w f t ^ t f f w e t
f t w w w e f w f t w ? tTttjt twe? t w t fIctt i wtewte?? f t t frawe? f f f c trcf?, f f f f r e t ? w t r ? t c? w f tr f i t
tffe t? t t t fitew? Wfttt f t t f f t t c t ? fe?? tte? tbft w t f f ê f t w w I
ffeftwet cwt? t w ? fftc? a ? i f f c t f ?cwcf? w f t H Cfff ff?-a? ftfiwtt jtct? t t f f tt??rff (ifes i-a-o ''j.)
f t f c w c f f r w w f t w ? wtfe5?w w i f ttfw tc? ftfe? i wrricw-tt?tf?H w c t t c f f t r f c f w t f ? f ? e t ? wtewt? ^fte
f? t t f?t? f t t c t ? t t f f t t f1?t f f W f W ? f f (f. W w I f? f f t t f f fttt, t? f t ? ? - t f W - f t ^ ? H tret ffffb
ifeos> '^.)-? c?r^ ftC5fsi ct cw? f f l f f w ^ ffe^lffw ( f f w f c t c ^ i f e s i f ) , t^t w r i t ? f ? t f ? t c f t w f f o i f f w
t t w f fffCft?
t.ft.5/bl
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(Wo
mo atwt f t c w srtms I W W ifit n n cmtfms mf^tnm nrsf i^to^ f . ; (ito) i^ cnt^, ffssn-t w t f , CWAStn, i^toi f.; ( i n )
n t c f n %nmn5* mfnwt nfnrrt mm n#cw stiw, mme i^ cntns, mt#mfn wtntft *m A'fntw-t ss-tfn s mtnn-t
tmen* laft <ifjR% n n w atf#w ste men i wfnm;^ tnmsntnts, csntn iJnA f.; ( i b ) cnt^, mtfrnAttn wtlnnw,
wrfnwtfnnetn fnnscS m f m m (ôn wifnwe'm Sm:?it 'fttn'-ia 2f^tftW, itot., iiitotof.; 8(?8-to8, (?8i-to8,
fm^ n # w m, ent ne^ tmn ^ê nm * wmim n w ?nenf*f^ toSiiîoi, bie-<?; (is.) cnt^, mtfHtAffn fnm w t ttn
a t w tnf%A nsm* fmt i -at n w w ^ n w n^ snn w?te Rsntf, CWAStn is.to'i f . ; ( A O ) -S' cntss, R w - t fnfmffs
cttmn w. f A ' i w fniRf^'-tiin A^nmniff rnnnnmrn cn t w R m f ms ntAntw-t mfstR-nitw-t fstn, cAStn i ^ i e f.;
nnnttess w t n nn<ssn=t m*m-1n w t f ( m f n w nnft) men (Ai) mnMi) ttn, ntwfmfn w t n , cAmn, is>8b f . ; ( A A )
Sean nsen i cnt nviest atnnmenn n nlwffwc ff|tt cnt^, ^tfn, ibbs.-ibs.b f.; ( A ) cntns [Rmmml, ntt,
nfnmen wnmmnetn wtn^rst fnntn, femn sn m% m^Snfwss AtRn ntf-ntntA, cAstn, iion f . ; ( A 8 ) A t f n wtnts,
nnnfcsn tnentfmsi nsm * Rf^ ntwSnfwss nnnfess fntarantn Mirza: Malkam Khan : a biographical study in
fnfwf nsntnneatn atmnm wmst nm w s n i iJse-o f. wt% Iranian modernism, ntfcn iS'l-s f.; (At) miWA' 'Wtf
men cnmmttf fntRns-ian nnmne^ Stntw nsRen >flt Wenn Wttnn ntntA, wtfnwtR wtfn m nt^wstw, ntf i^to-s f.; (Ato)
wntnneS i tSfss fnwtmn^-m*m tmns ^mRm, mR^ ib'io f . ; (At)
sf^n^ s (i) ' W ^ - m f A'ltfn, Shiism and Nikki R. Keddie, Sayyid Jamal Al-din
constitutionalism in Iran : a study of the role Afghani"\ a Political biography, mf?t iJnA f.;
played by the Presian residents of Iraq in .(^tr) iqn. isn. wTntwtntf, ntwt-t n i R n -mmff-fn wtmmmf
Iranian politics, nlten iJs'ito f.; (;;) cntns, mnfmt1snttisni-ntfn, fn is-ii f.; (^s>) wtsst ttn Rsntf
European and Asian influences on the Persian Atfw R t f w , cAntn, iS>too f.; ( ^ o ) Mangol Bayat
Revolutions of 1906, Asian Affairs-'^ atn#tw, Philipp, The concepts of religion and
N.S. vi ((iS>'\e f.) i(?(?-to8; ( ) i^ cnt^. Why did the Government in the thought of Mirza Aqa Khan
Uhama participate in the Persian Kirmani, a nineteenth century Persian
Coustitutional Revolution of 1906-1909, Wl-ew revolutionary, IJMES^ afnstRs, e t . , (iJs'^S f.),
afmf%, iHt. cnn^, Afghani
(iS>lto (.), i A ' l - e S ; ( 8 ) (i)mfR|n wiw-tm,wtfm1n^^Tfntt*ni%mn
b i - 8 oo;
on the decline of Islam, Wl-e at^rPtw, i^n, ( i S ) n i fntn-t mmfs fsntA, cwAntn is.n8 f.; ( A ) w n r f , wt^f-t
f.), i A i - e . * i8n, (it><ivo f.), bbto-AA; (a) ^ cntss, :^frf 'wtfntn, CWAStn iJ8i f.; (vs) fnm 'wtnfs-stfn w m f f
fntfn-t *ntnslfn nttniwi '*nit1n'-'ii armftw , t. (ijn8 wtjnn, mfm isîPif m Rms-t w m n , i-At., t^?tin i b b ^
f.) Ab-n-oo; (to) i& cnt^, f t t f f m i n - t *ninmfn tnfwnfn f.; ibs>8 f.; (v58) i^ cnt^, ntnttfn-Atmw, fwfnn iôto f.;
mn wtlnnnw-t t f f f w - t mtntfwmw-t fntn *nmfn'-'ii (vse) i& cntss, -snmfnfn-fAlfnfn, cwsmn iJtob f.; (to)
armf^tw, i A t . (j>i'\8 %), ev5j-8s>; (H) lan. fnn'*mf, cnt^, fniAtw ms f f n - - t wtntf, csmn iôto f.; (on)
^ f n m f n f n w - t Rc!>iia.if mn fnfnnmmtn mnft, mAntmfn cnt^, fnmmw-t wnfnf, cwsmn is>ii; (ov) ntnfn-'wtfnfn
fwtn'-'il af^Rftw, <?t., (iJstoA f.), A<2-Vto, voton-no; (b-) ntsmtf, fnntAtw- ntntfn tsstttn ntn^, i-t., cAmn, f n w t
'ssil<iijsi.m#tns f n t f , f m m f wtnftf, ^ ' n s i ^ n - ' m t m n , iôto-^; (^) AT^ nitmtA" ( f A n w 'wtf), ttR"ntw-t A T ^
Atîwsisin iv8to f.; (s>) fwTnTfff, w t * m f n w * n t n - t rnnitA, CWAStn i^ton f.; ( 8 o ) fAtmn fnmt nnmf, w ntwAtm
mlnmr, w t n w t f n 'sm vifAi*t-'^ atmf^, cwsmn is>'\ % ; nttnrR'nrt ntfsf f W w w i * ^ n t w - t twfwmt mn
(bo) ^ w n n t A f f w m n s t f , w t f n-t ^rnnmrnw-t wtm^sffn wtfn'wt-fn ffSmtn-fn fntn, csnin i^ne f.; ( 8 i ) mfnm Atmn
w t f n mn fntn, i t . , cwsntn bJ'\e f.; ( i i ) cnt^, f f n wtf^ ntntA, wttn-t wtnt^-t ttfnf *m wtmf, *mwTn, fnatA,
w * n t n - t mfnrntw, mfm-cw sTmRw, i b t . (iJsto* f.), wtntmn, cwAnrn isstoo f.; (8 A ) cntns, w # n - t wt*nitn-t
o-s>A-e; ( i A ) f n w i ^ wt^mn, m w m n t l n fmrn* f n m , csntn t n R w *m ntfsiRitnw-t fntn, cAsm isêsi f.; ( 8 ) ntA'm
iJno f.; ( i ) f A t m n f f f , WA"-t ntffnnTtw-t mffmnnrf, m*ntwtntf, Anntw-t ntA'm, i - 8 t . cAsm is.8j-en ; ( 8 8 )
cwAntn iJstob f.; ( i 8 ) ^Fifff wttnnjt, mns-tnt-t w t f f , wtA'nm s>tnnif, wtft - t mtstwnfs fsm, cAntn i ^ e i f . ;
c-oKm is.'^^; ( i e ) i^ c n t ^ , -wrfn ^mfn *m f m n , cw^mn (say^ cnt^, mtniwn fnAmftn m ^ - t A^^mw vsm.wtf^tfn
tnntf Raemn
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Contents
wit WR
m # s j # wr%ft1n R w - t w r f n , (wsntn isi(2-to f.; (8^) w T f m , i - A t . , cwAsm iSini f.; (n8) ^nmn w Sn^-amn,
cnn^, t n f f w fs?, (wsntn iSi(2-n f.; (8n) ' s w ^ w n fnmmw-t f^sisimts m n f mn m f n n - t m A t s m ^ , i-A n.,
lf#f, Dehkhodas place in the Iranian CWAsm iS.8b- f.; (<\(t) R.W. Cottam, Nationalism in
constitutional movement, ZDMG-r arsnf^Tw, iA(2-n. Iran, fntmsff iSito8 f.; (nto) m n w - t tnnm, iSi(2-o-o f.;
(i^Hd), iiVOA; (8V) E.G. Browne, The Persian (nn) f n r n m m f f f , t n m n m m f , f m s f f n i A m - c 5 cwAsm
Revolution of 1905-1909, CS#sf iS>io f.; (8Si) ^ iSln^s f.;(nb-) wiAmn-mfnt, wtmsAtfn fnwtnm, fPtntmn iSi(2-n '
cnn^. The press and poetry of modern Persia. f.; (Hh) ^ cnn^, msmm w f^mf^n^n-^nmnt', f f n n m m
cssQw ih-is f.; ((2-o) f A T n m R ' W n m f f , wR%n-Snni iSi(2-n f.; (b-o) wtfsmmmtsTjn-m'wtfn^, i-8 n,, nnfn iSiss.
n r - w % n f%i, CWA#T iâs ((2-i) 'wgn-niAW f.; ( b i ) L.W. Adamec, Afghanistan, 1900-1923,
w r - s n ^ n r f f f , w i t S n - t n f w m , w f . ' w ^ n - ^'nran w n n , m f n iSitoj f.; (bA) ntfnmt w i f n - f n w t m m m f ' w m f , '
cwsntn iSiob- f-.; ((2-A) n t A f f f fA^mrs, f n r w *nr n r w t w , n m m w - t wmtfem, CWASm. iSiOvs f.; ( b o ) I. Spector,
c w H iSito(2-f.; ((2^s) fnnn n r f f f n j f , w i f f n - t >5'An-t The first Russian Revolution, its impact on
W F W - t - f W i f f ' n K T - f n f n r R n m f f f n w fn w i f *ni Asia, Englewood Chiffs, R S w t f iS.toA f . i W * f .
nHnif%"njiw n t n f n , ntnmnifn f n m , (2-n, n(2--b-8 ; ((ta) w n m
W f n R , f n f s , W f s j t ; w t f m ftss Ajnt arsînfA I
^îfnf, f%f-rnn t n f f w - t nmii\stt?l f m n , f n w is^ns f.; wtsfn A t f m t R (E.I.2, Suppl.) ^mfn mn
((2-(2-) lan.fn. f f n f , f m n mn w m m f n t n f f w - t nttntfwrtw,
csAnm iSino f.; (sb) ^ c^m, w t R n r t w - t m*tnrn, ( w ^ ( j j i j i ) w m cnmm, i^sicss a'wm mmw -a
Jnfnss nts -ant^'w ntntcw cmnmcns wi'Astnfs^ n t ^ n n l t s
iSin(2- f.; ((tH) f A i m n n t f i r f n - t n w f f m n t f , w t f n - t f m f f n
mfntfs^ mn I A t f A W f s t f n f m s ftstsc^n (la^ nt ^ ntns)
fmfnrnn, i-A n. CWASH i^<to f.; is^no f.; ((2-v) " w r f n n m f
nn n f (n) fnnmncnn f n f e ntntcwg ^ws crnnnm a t f t Smn
f f , R f n - t fwf*r*-t f n m m m*nifn f a n - t m w R n - t f n t fn
n m c f mAtfcns nftw wtcmsm nscsn i c^. ntmcws nns wt^n
fsift, cwAnrn i:no f.; ((j-s.) m f n f t w n f m f n n t t n f m ,
i^tmtms 2fw nsfnenn CSSA nfncnn, f%?,m _ffssnm m m f m '
mffntfn t^'fwnnff -Qnt t w f w m t f n tnff'mf-t
ntwttsm ^ m (-ans n nm n n k ^ w t n t f t w lans n ^ mm
mtnife?uiw-t-fmn, m n f n iSi(fo f . (^ ntn); (bo) w t f w t f ,
wtmw nsfncn cn *m A S cnt m m mcsm f f n n n w n n w fncn
ffntn-t f^nc=t f A i m n w r f mn fnnnm, cwAnm iSito(2- f.; (î)
m<nm nnn cnrnm nsfnw m%. tAics^t n t f n n r n t t w ) !
'wtf w m w f f n m f f f , f t m w - t f m ^ n m - t t t f , cwAnm
wvR 'wTSfmA t n n ntsn (m) nmss m m f nenn, fwR ifrss
isini n.; (toA) 'wm^-^'nmn n m f n f n , m m n f n m f n t n m - t
mfêss ^srnfwenn men Sfert s>c?i*n> ntnn S w e n n msren
w t m f , f m s m w * n m - t ârcw atnnf^tw, csAnm iSi^s f.; fnnmnnne^ mmew f A m n nsfnc cnenn i A S S W 'Sms (m)-
(tovs) f A t w wntns t n m f f *mn-t nnnntn, m m . ^nrnn m f , mt "5"^ cnf^mflenn, latstn nnm m f e ^ m-am nm i f w R *
cssnrn iSissi n.; (^s) w m ^ n - m f n t s w , W A - t w ^ m n -am wt^sR stntfs tm w n i nnsen wtmew msr A*mn n f
wrms-t mftft-'o'wmr f r n w w i f mms, cwAsm is>8to f.; (n)-'fin wtenct -at W R amfww A S I wnn ste fnmn (m)
(b(t) ^nmn m f , w r f n - t fsnw mnils f n m , i - n. cwAsm wtmn snfne ffnnnncss ntmews W I A S R wimten mi wmtfn
isi88-to f.; (toto) rnnsn ' s n m f , fnnmtw-t ^ m f mn f n m , ntntews nnn cnt wtsmt cn*m AS iffffnfnnenswmRfncm^s
i - A t . , cwASH is.8n f.; (ton) R n n - t ^mfn f n m , t n f f n m - t m f t m ^ n t m nfSw g
-am f n m iSiton f.; (tob-) rnnrnn?, w m m n - t w r f f f n
( i ) ' w t w wtfnm' (wtmA c g ^ ) mRnm nRrew A S , t m n
^s[nfnt-t ^ m f f n f f n m fnfSFTf -am fffnfn f n m , i-(t n,
m f m w new f t m n i ( A ) 'wttAtf wm-nt tntm t m m A ' (mtR
Florence 1970 f . ; (bh) wmfn-nimn w m f t , n M f fn
mm fncfA, WtmA W wm t n t A m t ) ; ^^m, (o) wtnmf W R I
W f f s t - t w m f m fffnf w fnm, i-At., fnft
fANlHis-siffaiA' (WtR mm fneR f A i w wtmAS n t f n ) ,
iSinA-8f.; (no) m n f n t'fwmff, f * n m - t w r t t n *m
^^mn I (8) 'Atnit 'wrnm-nrntA' (mmcn Rc^ w t t n ) , ^fims i
nrsmrfs-anirw -am w m f l n m m f m m w t w , c A s m is>(?8 f.;
((t) 'Aimt 'wmrn-WfiA' ( f f ^ fmns w t t n ) , ^^mn i (to) 'wtm^
(ni) w t f n - w n wmfntA, w f . m f w mnnm w fntnf^^tmmn-t
. wtfnm' I (n) 'm t n t m tataiA' (wtmA % tntA m t ) ,
m f , CWAStn wt.fn.; (nA) w s m n m ^ , t ^ m w i w mn tmss
- w m n I An on ntssj f t n m S w e n s m wfnnswn S t s g w
ws-t w n , cAsm iSi(2-o f.; c i o ) tsiAtsi wttnmnfn, wmmm
w f n mn S w n nsste^ m s f ' s m A S "astmsmnw fsRnw ntnm
t n m f ffsiemn
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Contents
Witt?
ftwffe Tl; Cftt Tttffttt t r ftett fC?t I ttwSftft RtttC WWsft t W ? t f?T T l (H. Lane, Arab, Society in the
wtfRMf titft ftitit-tt^st' (ftam c5ct t i t m t>gt) a t Middle Ages, i\rb\ Snouck Hurgronje, Mecca.
RRftt wtttttt e t tietsjt t? f t r o t w t t tw T l f w t I ?t., % ibr) I
faro wTttctt bi w c w ? f c t wl? atsfS t i w î?ii "wtw fftft S (5>) ftift, Rttt?, tfWtfT-Wt?H; (?) ^WftfPf?,
tltttt-'WlWt' ( t ^ ttc? Witt) C?1t WR I f'WtW t t c t t fttftft-WWft?, ffWIft-WTO; at?, Wtitw w f ? fff"?
Wfltt ^?1? t W ? t WR I f f t fwtCt? wtwct? tCtJ l i t l f tftf?l
w<lw wtc? I tlfW'S t t w f f t f C f i t
wtro twtct? tt? G3tww wtwc?? w w s t t wft^w;?. RlCWWt

trot WR I WR s f fft wctt? tt??cw www wt ^t^sw ^ t n H (tjijVi) s f t t t f t w t t e w t t ? ? ^ ^ crott ( t t w f t -
^sWW f v3^sWW tw ftw?' ( w t w ? f%? WCtl? cw? Rf^ W tift, ?t., f fe?), f t t t t tte? ftttftw w c w ttet? ??e?? crott
wtw Rtt) wiR-RtWf ti??w-ftiro-w^st' tftro t t ? cgtww (t?ttfR-Rrft, ?t., ' j . ? 8 t r ) I t w WiW'WiC WWW WITO
t e t R T W f "W >8W WW?W' ( f f t R W ?ftlW? a?l f i f t ffttt? WITH t t w e t ? a f t t f t t f ? f t f t f (w^-ttft,
?tt?t?) I ?t., j.fe?)I w r o ^ t f TW twe f ? T w f ? a f t t ttiftt i
WIWC?? t ? a f t t f'Wt W5t? ftfw wtc? w w c w WTWC?? fct? t w w t f c ? WW wtwc?? fc? w w ? - t f Tttc? fttH
ftTsftc c? w T ? r o fftw ?? ctt wt??HCf a f i t f 4 tfttw t 5 f t f ? t w ( t i ? ^ - f t f T f 'wtw f>s?i^ ' t w t ttftf, i t . ,
wT?ti??tct a??, WWWCf a f f t f5?ftft wfii??ict ftftw c t g w
?iT) I wtwc?? w f t : f tFHftft? WW t r ff?W-'Wlff?,t? t?%
Tl I Rc^ t w f T i W t ( t ) - c f wrro CtitT t t t w ^3 stfwjjw t ^ ftjittttat wic? 1
f H ttlC?? WW WtW?3 f?ft W f R f ? I Tl I
wtwet? f ; 5 W t w ? cfwTft s ?Tcft, t?? ' w w t f ?
wttic?? CfH ftftt f ? t i t I wwsft? ? r o t tw?ct? tft
'wif f'witt-a? f f g e ? tff w e ? c?, ??? ' w t t ( w ) wi?i
C? CfH tf?wtw fC?? tsjtrt f W tltcw wc? (g. Snouck ?tc frsfie? ,w??t f f ? W f f # T W Wf? ?#cf?ct? I w t ?
Hurgronje, Mekka, ?t., v<\ ) i t W ? ftt'lftlw? f ? Wc? ???W f w ? W ^ ( W ) WtWCf wtttct? WWCt W f tfwf?ctR I
W f t w WtCt; cttic? w i r o a f t t wwjw t?w ?5W i f w f ? T r f t t?te f W ro, T ? 'Witt ( w ) - a ? f c t t 'wwe?? f s w i a t
'wtttt WltiC? CfH f ? tSCttCt? RWWSt ?CT1 I
t t w t f t R W t c f w w w i w w Rit?^ f^ # ? ? t f t r t c ? tc?t? ^ f t wro ctw ^ttte? s ( i ) t w ? f r o ctt? f a t
t f g ; f f t r o 2tffwt?;cR R i t t ^ wwe? tt? wwjw c t f 'swf

ffs^ t ? I Cftw W R f f f t t w f WW tftb? I f w i at?if
f f t r t w t i tc?; (?) tft t f r o f a c f f f s w t t f m t w ??
wtetit fc? a t f t ? e t f t t r o t t t ^jc? W wei w w w wftic?
I
wf>3 tw wwet? ? w f f?c?rf tc? i c f t w w w c t ? ? w f
ttrw Tl, t ? w t r o tew wfcttftwwtc? tt^sTR w i r o ctw
Ttewe?, WWC? f c f wtro tftwe? ftro "Qf a t
cat, wwe t^ c a i w t t w w c w c?itro ?5f?ew we?? i tttwet twe? t?tftT, tftvs f t wtttet? w % f fCf? t w f e t ? tctt
^'wtttwjttf wwe? t t ? w t r o w?w f?T i
fiftse tie? i
ft 'tet? w w w , f<t?t ^tTt? wwcw? W W wf?it Cf? Cf? ? t t w ttcf?, ???w t f f f t ( W ) - a ? f c t t
W R - t i W f wtft'W (WWC? witiwt Wit?), a t afft w a w w wtwct? fPW I Cftw ??? ' W t f W ? tfft-f?t??-a? f c a
t w ? t f f t w WWC? w?T wi?ro ft?e T I i a t w w t t tft x5[i?|R--tt?t ?f?t ftfttc??, ??? tf?i%t ( w ) - a ? t f t WIW?
(R)-a? t t ? t t c t ^ wtc? ? f t w ?ffw T l ( f . , I. W'wtro a t ' t ? t t t s
Goldziher, ZDMG, Sfe, i f f ) i 1^1
tRWet? ttt ?tc^t f?f? t t c ? f?fw? fie? wtwc??
t i w s f t ? te?j ct wrot ?fct? wffj ft T I , ,RWef "a?i Wfct? ftft ? e ^ crow cwro) ft?ww"
tctiwff? WtT Wfftft? fti"', ?? tcQ îsfe) t r s w titet i
(?? s ? 1 ) I
, f t f t t t t ttwtw f f ^ ? weti? t?t?t

rro W t w c ? wro t r o f ? t f w f t (Wf) ctt w r o (crotf) ffwt?ctR, wt?
W t w c ? t f T W W t w t t f t ? W WTCf wwrfw ^ t t fC? I ?tc\ot Wtiet? f a t i w ?? I t f c s t ^ ? f r o wttt? ? t f f w t f ?
W f f w f fcttet, t w ttf, t T w f t tTtft? t t ? t ? t ? wro ?Twi?-'witfTWf t c t t , ?fwft? f c a a f w ? wsatw t f t i t t f
t w ? e t ? fit t^ft I wtw W W wro tt? fwe?? t w t ?t??ic?'i ftro t w f?te?ttT t ? (w?^R-f?f t f , i t . , f ,îi;
tftwe? tc? ^êt CfH CfH wtset w r o w ? we? wwet? ftsTt-Wft, ^t., <ff) I
ttwf ftfCflt
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wr wmrw fsm ^tn, cmsrra R > I M ? mt n t c f nfncnn, t m ntfntatA'- ntntewn nnn sten -aft twrm
tnm ftrfmA wcn^ fCtRfA nnfR ^nw ffsr snr? "/ji, L.L. Scmnn nsm AS^ I .entsswn Sm enf^ âess wtnc^ wtwtfns
jî'jVr f^rcnmrcn t n n r w wmtenn fsnm cstmnt ^glnnt f n m nnfwen ntm wtfnen i c w sftct-t, ntntewn nnn ^ten
n R m ^ I tnn lam 'wtmrmrf ^Ptw^-n-ntD-ian ScaRs m w f t w cn*m ASSS I ff? cntsswness wntenw w m ât
wsmmn nrmrm cnt wrcntsnr fnntcin nmn^ ât cn, t f w cncA^ m^f CHS nem s ^ arsfnw sftntcA cntwm
w m t n t % w Annw "Snm (nt)-'an fca nR ttntc?, nnn s t f f ^ (n) tAf tA=n ssRnn m I wtms cw- nfncnn,
s i f f a IA (n)-'an fnmtsf n t n l t w s t n wnn wtat^ wt'wtnt nmtews nnn sten n f mwtcm AS^ I tm fnm ntffatA
wtAie^ ntntewn ^ cn*nm nten nten wtntenn wm* *ff (n) nfncnn s tm ffnenn t w R i ânfnwfen c w cw nff?m,
nsfnntflcnn mt ntff?rtA (n) arwjtmon fnnt Annw fnnm wtnm nfn S^ f s m wf?) ar^fnw f s wtm 'sten fcsn
(nr)-c^ wtntn 9m fnntflenn i w f a m fnm nmt f w % w ^snw cnt^wn Ssm cntm twitfn enf^ ntntewn *nr3s stîcA
wtnm (nt)->iin fca Sean nftnte? cn, ntntw w r ^ten w w ffstm'nnfwen nncnw stes i ff? n t f f ^ (n) Ssfens
fwnntfn (wt) siffaiA (n)-cs5 wtntenn fnntflenn i wfrtfwwn fnrn^fn A*nm w e t , tA^^t nscsn mt i A S S W
ifinfnwrcn fnmen nrnnm-â Annw *wt# (nt) ^tcw nf^ -ansft 'Smn (m) sftenn, -atsm w t mtcw tics cn, ntntewn nnn
f n Atfe^n armes nftnte?, nnn wtftt^ wfwtnt ffn nrff Aten -awm cntss fiincm tten fnfn cnrnswnc^ mffm
(n)-c^ wmm 9m fncw mftenn wnn snnw fwnntfn (wt) wrfnenn i tm fnm stffatA (n) nRcnns cAfsmrn latn ^tew
wtsm fnfs fntns menn m^ artf fnm wtfnen Rfn Smew cwmtc^ -at ntfrn^. cn*m stn cn, ntntews nns sten
WtentAt <t>fscn-r... i cmwrne^p wtffm wrfnrn nnfwen nncsw ssfnen i tsm tn
t f n Atwm nenn, nfn* -at nn n-^Rnfn mm sfffnmn An stew Asnw fnnm (m) mmewn nnn sten < i ^ L l . siil^J i
cn, ntntw w r A*mn nnnt 'wtmcnn fnnm ntfnn stmcA mt ("ntmews Setsteti nnenw ^") nfnm cmnswne^ nnen
ntffÂ (n)-ian nffnm Rsmewn. fen nftet wtntenn fsm nsfnewn i f f ? tsK nscnnsft nnnn cntt fnn i (i) Asnw
AtSlCA, fns? ^Vl CJ-^ c-^^ J fsnMes> ntf ntf mtm sfwiA ^ n r n f n m wtssrmff fncw
"nf5<* ^m lat cn, iiwnn?.3Ft cmn n'fntt fmsw nn" i ât sten I ( A ) ntAtenn f n f 5 wiet mss c'ftfl fAtense^ wiet
rnneft tsfn-fnfnm wwj fswm nft nfnnte^, ntntw nnfwen wtfnm wsf^fiens wm wetnn fse ^ tJtfn i
w r A*nm nn tte nffnm ftwnw tn -ant wtnm n t c f atwm sif-falA (n) tmn csen S ^ c w t f S w n nsm
niAiftetn nft tnTm< fnnm f n ttf ntffatA (n) fnm rnn ff m cnt fsncs fnt fsfw flenn I R ? fwn c w t f w m
wtnten mntw wmm nsfnen (ntw^'n-ntf. At., f..!A-) i tttm m tnten f f n mffw mftenn, ffens. nR CSCA^.
wmtenn fsnrn nn n t e f nfn* tnn tnAt^mA cmn c w wtmenn ffmn ^nmffss w fmt wfenn t f w "mf mwtcm"
i^fwAtfn^ in ftwffn nw cnrntt w n (wm-fmrtm *nm- wtfiww fnsfmt w t mn i wtAm wen -atsit fst-wmm
fnAtm, ot., f . A b - 8 ) , fns? wfnmtt fntwfnn * t^fwmfn^ sfncfin cn, R w r mn 1
tme^ f f f n R w f n 'ÛniS'fs nft m ^ ftmcAni tnn latfne^ ntAtm-t ffnm* fsRw flemn i wen fnetnwten
ATW 'wmnstntf -at nwe^ srtmm fnnresn (nnw^-n mfr, 'wisfaiA tsn nmn (m) fn cnf fsfw ^tm tRnrflcnn -ant
At., f. <-a) 1 wfsit A S S W 'Smn (m)-* f&fw flenn i wen A S S W 'wm^ptA
fAtmn tnn f f mfntt ffn fffn-^m *nm-ntmn are? tsn nmn (m)->an ctcnttfn fnnnft n^ Affei nf^ stsicA i
wtntenn fattw n t f f w n^fnn n^fmn nfênt ntttntcAn i 'WtnfatA tfn-ntsn nenn, âns tnfes wtfn ^fcntet c n f ^
cntfnn mnnn tsn: s Answ t f n 'Smn, wtn^tA t f n ntnn * fttnm, f t f t nfw nen ctttt^ tfnft w?n<p niR îift n f
wtnm (m)-nA wenns ntAtf ^te nff stmcA cn, siffaiA (n) Ate ntnf wtnm fnf& ffm wffjR fneeA/ wtfn wtAtem
ftwnw nsfnnt nffm wtfnmm wttnn f n m n tn cnmswn cnf^ nfnrnn, CA wt^tAS nt=m! wtffn R -at n ^ ffism
wrm'wte ntntw wtmesra fmetj fn^tfnw nnes fnm cmntrct nsffrnn? ffn nfncnn, f n t m ^ R fses? ntnmn, t m mm
nnfwen nncnw At i tsm tn fnnnmtetn nttit wcnss ffw ntntewn wm cnrntt fnn i fwR nfncnn, SAm wm tAm cscn
trten "wfwtcwn wm ns^tcss c w tfwcw nncnw w nm" w * S ^ fwfnn R cwimen> Rtttm fnn? wtR nfnnm,
fnnnft ntm ntffatA (n) f s t 'ss^ nAssten mfnew ntftenn i wntJt I f f n nfncnn, ât nfnm cnrntt (wtmn) m*, wtn n'Rt
wnetn f%tn mmm-t fs^rnn-ân m?f tmm< fnenn i ^n^fstft mf^tmA (n)-c^ ^t^t cmntt ffr* nî s
t n m f ff^cw
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Contents
wm
<JUI - ^ 1 - <UI - <iJI ?T?ff (ft) tc5f tc5f wtffft ffae^t t t f f s r t ? ( t ) - c f w ? f f e

f f f c t ? I tr ff?t ?ff3gt? ( t ) ?#tct? 8
aji VI ^1V ^ji j ^ i - <ui yi -Ul V
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(t) tftctt 8 wt^T? cwfttcf wfw t v g t afft flffft
-j^MLJI^^-j-iUJI^^ Cft t t f e ? ? I f f f ttr C f f f f ? WfT fftfRCf ftftfttf f t I W f ?
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Cf? I C f t t t ct cwfTO C5C? t ^ f c ^ w f f f t f I tro f ? wtff
.<iJIVI'UlV
f f t t e t ? ftft ttttt f T C f W t T O f f f t t e w t f f t f f , wt? fwft
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t t r o i r * ffflfOT? t f ? t % f f e ?Trf8ftl? TOT WtTO fet? I f ? ?tcw ttft? ^ttt wtffet? I w t f t f f t ? f f ? fr? Ftf?
t r o f ? f f ? W T O f ? f t ^t: ftf??5f ft?!?? ?lt?t ? f f ? R 8 ffftcw c t ^ f f t f wfffeW t f f c t ? I f f f f f f ^ (t)-cf
? f ? WtffWt t l f l t f T f f e ? W f ? f f f 8 ?ftct?, c f t WfWf? w t f f f c f t w t fttr c f ? t fffttc?? fro
_ ^ i a j i - j _ i i < i j i - _ ^ i < i j i - _î aji f t t f t t f t tffewft, 'WftfWt? t f ? t t t f cfttif"??(cffftte?
wtft-a ^ c f t ? i f 7 ^ cfffttft I W f ? t f r o f t t t e ? , ???w
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j _ ^ l <iJI - _ ^ l <UI cfffet?, tro f c t t f f f w f ? ( t ) - c f wg?if w t r o f? tttret
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. d J I VI <Lll V
w w 8 f ? f f t t t ( f ) c f t ? i f WtTO ffct? c?t?it t T O ( f ) ?ett
f f t f f t f t t w Wtrot t?? f t f t f (?T) f c a f f e T t f e ? Cffftte?? I T??w ' w t t f f t f t f t f ( f ) t e t t , t r o (?i)-a?
t f Ttew? f ^ f f t t i a?sTO ? # ? ! ? r o f t e f f ?ft?ic? i t f T t t ? f f f ff?t tf f t f t ( t ) f r C f t f t f f l C t ? 8 " f f t WftfCf
e w t t w t f f f t f f f f e I t w f t f e r f f f t i e w ? ewca i t t ? cffff's tftret ?i C f t ? " f f f t f t c t t , 'wttfwt? t f ? f t f - a ?
- s f T f t ^ T ? (?)-a? tew trt f f W w t e w ? f t f e ? f ? w f ? i f ff?c? t % t f ' s T O t w f e t t t fffcf?ttt I w t t ? r f f f t ? ( t )
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f l f f , % b8) I f [ t f ? ? t?ft-ftr?frr? t e t ? , w t f c t ? f s t t ?'8TO t ? -.xî
w?T ? f T O ?it?ie?, w T t f f f?ew w t r o fftt w w w t f t f f iu tftitt c r o t t C f r o ftro tttrc? cwca t f f e tet
W f T O f f t e t ? a ? i wTtfet? ? f f T t f ( S ? f f ? f f f % f f t e t ? i wet f f s f w t r Cff C f R tcstcfr c t r f w t c f t t c ? w f r o w t r t r o
atTO f f ? S i L ^ I jJ5 - S^L^Î t f f f t t t ?T?ro w?rt?w t f t f t cf^ ( f f f t - ^ >aro-?tftf, t.,
f t e t t I 'wT?fW? t f ? t t t t (?t) ?et?, t f f t ? t e t wtft <I-i- ^(t% w t f f t t f , ?t., iiS-fe; W T a - W t t t f l f t -
tiff?!!? ( t ) - a ? f t f t T:?tt f W w f f t t t t f t t r t i 'ettef f f f t f , i f , f i i f e ; f t f f R - f f f ?, f ?<};i-) I
f t e t ' a t w f f Sft f t f t f f e t f f t w t t , wtft ^ttft att Wiftct? f M T Rt 'off-air Rttjct 8 wtttw fftew te? ? t
f f t r o w f e t cffftff?, 'ctt wtft t l < w t f w , f t w cttet-e t t ' i Wtrct? f 5 t f ^ C f t R T t ? W 'wNf?tl? t t ? t t f f ( f )-a?
w?T t f t f W f f f f , f f f t i e a t f f f f ^ ( t ) - c f tfe T:?t? fttret, -sf? tttret ?? i w t s t f ft? f t r o w;t? ron
w t f f e f f e f f f l c t ? i w f ? t f f n i ?ft?te?, f f f c t t ttea a t ftf'wtew? C f R ftro Ritiw ? t tt I f f f f f w f e w wtttc??
cfff?ff?ct? c t t ?tea T ? ? w t t t ? (?f)-'s w f t i f ^tt f p t t !!? t t t r e t t ?? 1 'iit'^ a f f t f f t ? t w f ? c?, f
c f f f t t f l c t ? I wet f f f t c f tesf t f f t f t ( t ) - c f w t f f e t t R t r f ? T:t|? rortwtttet? ftro t t t w w ?t?tic? a t t f t ??, t?i
f f f t t t f H 5;'aTO w c f w t f f t c f ^ c t ? i f f ? 'WTtfW^ t f ? ^lfltJl? ( t ) o f ^ tfcfcf a t t f ^ ttitic? I
t t f t f ff'SCftf
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Contents
WH WH
Wtf n t ^ fhi -strmfn-ia Rtitw w t R f % S T P T t f n W fi(st(n<t> wef ntna f n w t e n îsi -liin wfents^ ftnten
Sw?-ira fiEj ntnt f s m ^ , w %m (nt) n m A ^ntcA Jo:, (entsnt, wtssin) iintwtAtft'^ tii'StSien i
ntffatA (n)-c^ wnfa nrnttw^wnr wttnnt wflnco nttnt?H,
-at ncn tcwcm *ft wtfnntcA i nn^tt, twR Rntcnn wtnn .LuJ J I j'jJi L i j i i ^ l J I I I ^ 1 j>-ljjt_j I j l j
6 I
stnnt fffcw nttncnn, wtAts ^T}n wfstnt wtsn stntcA i ^ " W cwtnnt nnn ntnten w m w t ^ w wnn wtAtnt
AtfcA tAt* Scan wtcA cn, Answ 'Sntn (nt) <iiffatA (n)-css SAtess wmtft * ;^twts sestet sfAn nscs" ((f g (Mr) I
ftn ^?tn tnnen w t t e n Rfn nfncnn s i9t fnnnft ntnt cwtn -at wtntewn caf^nt nme nseaft n t m nf^R wtc? i (ss)
fent *ft wtfnntrA i wfnsntf f W f f n n nenn, nnfwnt nnatstn wtntenn *tn tnnt
tAt W wtf-ntSft t f n tnATcssn fcat Scan ^^RntCAn, s t f f a i A (n)-'iin f n f 5 wewt s t n i wnn f f n n r n n n * w n m
'*ilsfaiA t f n ntnn (nt) wtntenn fnnn ntnt sif fat A (n)->an Sff^w flenn i nnRnnt nfnn, CA f A f W ! w m wmfn >iinn w | w
fnnt wtfnn n#steAn i cnttsint, -at nn n^fnts wtcntes? f f n e n s wtfnmn nsfnenn ntm tewtfen c W S^re wmm cntt
fitfsntn AS en, nfn* ^ w n ntAtft wtAtenn ^ f n fnnn ntffatA m t 1 fmt wtmn nfn nfwit nft s t m m e w wtm ^ e n w t m s
(n)-c^ wnft fnntflenn R ? fwfn wtntenn wnr est fnenn mm wtnmn fcnn n w nffn fnestfnm ^ R r t e ^ i w t c s nfn
fnntfAcnn wtAt *ft-i9n ntsient 2tt<a i wn*tj wtAtcns -^f *fts w t f n m atntw .at wtnten n ^ m t w wtm s t e n * f c s w
nft fnfnnt tfmcA ( f ? f n - ^ *nts-ntntn, on., f. oî) i n f t n n t t s m w m nsmtew wfn^ S n f i ? flenn i f w m t f ^
nR ntfnst* n*nt A S cn, ^ f s ntsren wtntens fsnt wt*ntenn m m ^ t wt*nm wtnfn cmmn mtenn? t m s mte
Atsifln,, tATs ?nc^ nnt ntn, 'wtatnt fAtnf nRsteAn, nft f n f t w c w wt*stnt ^ c men m i t m w fssfn mtcw*
fw^ wnr cntcsss ntnten wtntenn smn w t n nesr W U T A wfs^ sfbfssw! wnn wtatA ^'wtm fcnt^ wtntw mfnn nsenn
w f w t w wftn fnnw * ftwitw sftnteA i W f stn s tAts ( t m n *ntftft w - f t n t f f f , w m s t f n - f f n , f . ^(fto-n) i
ntsTcsi stffatA (n)-ian S^ atttnt * S ^ wtentsnt w t i e^nnt
wtntn t t n , wtAts S^ sftsnt * S ^ wtcntsntn -aft S t f t
r
ntsm I w WtAts fnewn stttw fnnm R w n nnten nt wttnt
. j l l J I I j j ' j J <1J I j J-i I i.>Ûi
wenrs nnten wtentt wfn^ f R f ^ i cncAf tAtew* wtAtn
"CA f I n n n n i ^ " w m fnn nnn ntntewn w m îssm w t A S
sftmt sfnsft ftn I WtatA ^'wmt nenn g
w s R cwtnrn wtWAs w n mfnw A * mi asm-fnaFn wjtn w "
dj^ j Q l i J J "mt wtfn cwfntn nrttwc^ S^ nntm
rnn <t>fssifA" (S)8 g8) I lilt ctent^ wnten nft fw^ wenjn ^ f n (toASS))l
wtntenn ntn>jnfA s A m r f nrnms wfntff wtmenn ntnnnfA
ntsjcn wtntenn atnwenn -ansft fnenn nAnr wtnt cfn ( f f f n - ^
> ^ f cnnn wtntenn f s m atncf Asnw 'wtsfatA t f n ntnf
*ntn-ntnm, n., f. oî-A) i
(m)-'iin ^ T t s n " ^ Sean AtstcA i wiffs,
f ^ *wtf ^tff-ian new f tf%ew nn, nnt 'wtnfaTA
t f n ntnn (nt)-i9n -^f lant ntffatA (n)-iiin stR *ff nt wtAts atnen 8 nm ^ i JL)I ..
twfwAm fwf%^ fnenctn twf%ct wtntenn Rnm atnf^w A S wwgtn A s m d J I VI <dl V j l j ^ l
nfnnt >SWWT nftntcA i -at tnnen w t n * c w fnnw ntt wwgfn A n m d J i ij-c^ ji Afî
(fnn^tewn nstew fnnwos np#t^, f. ^8) i wwgtn A rnn s ^ u ^ i JLC ^
f nwtfn-nnffen wmtenn wrcnt^ g ffsa fswtcn oiii wwgtn A t m j - i U J i
(wtnm) t f t f mm n m ^ ttntCA mi wtAt wtRntfnns wwgtn A t m ^ i a U I
'cntnnt' wef i wtartA wfwtnt nenn g nneten i nm -OJI vi *JI v ( w t f mSn, i t . , f . iS)-Ai) i
vwess wtnten j-ûji -lan t S A s m ^ Siiî
._>lkV'i 'gî YJI^ ^ i l i i <iii 6^ o'j'ij
j > J I ^ wfwfs^ sfncw t t e s i -at ntnsjft f R -stsm w t
"nAt^ A e ^ fnncn WtatA fAts ntfcnn nns ê ntfcnn -at t i n cn, ânsm A S S W fnnm ( m ) vwess ntntewn f e n
afR tAt -ass c n t n n t ( j g) i n t f f a t A (n)-c^ ntntewn n n n ststcA, -at ^ m sfnsis w m
wntr wtnH famtnw nfsswiA mt wcf f nwtfn-ssftenn wtfnm wtfnew ttnenn cn, fwfn f n t t m nftstcAn i w t n tnnrn
w * R^me=T nrs^-^ntc^ (g. H % 8 8 , >^ s i o , g (m) i i m n nfnenn 5 > L ^ I : îffîiA ( n ) t m
tnmft fmew
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W T O
a t t fftm <)PiW't 8 ftror, fntt w s f w ypt?! cwro wrot? 5lwftf%f t%fti%f fwtftt ftffwef tlfftt f c t I t r o
tft t r W "ffft R I (?nsf wsfw? RsraTOPf l f ^ R tTCf, t t t ttft jS\ -JJI (Wwi? t f c # ) - a wft tiewct wfw!?t RTO
fWtl tTOf f V'StM? W T O R ? trsft f^ TOt iftR w%cft f l f f t a t i wt?m t f t t 'tttf? ffwt? f r o
( w t - % r a t , it., b-s) I fttfw ' s t f t f ttc tftigwrcf t t t t f c t I wwsi? ftft
tlRi-H TOTTt wfqift ? W I J I I W < I 1 ft TOtsjt t t l ttcs i t ttft AJI VI *ji V jl \ (.tt (Wfft ttwt ftcwft ct, wtwt? t t f w
4IFT ttft ? TO ffttt t t c t t ttfllt i TO f t t I WttJ Cftt t t t ? t i t ) , t?fc wtwt? wfwtTO a f c f t f f f w , f?t?
t t t t ttftff (t) ttwttwftt-at tetr wtfit'-at tw ctttt fttfw fftfCf F?tWtCt f f f W fCt I wt? t?It ^ ^TO
fC?t I wiff, ttet afftitR? w a??, f c t ? tfwft t t f k f ? afi?s i wwst?
"dJl VI 4JI V J l 0 ^ 1 - U J I VI <JI V J l a^l wfttifj-

j l j _ ^ i (Wift t t w t f t c w f t ct.
h n . J l J__il - <ajl J j - U - j Ij-...:^ Jl a_J_^l <iJi J -6 O
dJI J
f?"tRrt wit?? ? 1 f R ) , t?fC ? l f f ? J I ? ( R ) - a ? R f S t i W v3
ftRittew? fffw va t t w t c t t f t t ttcwc?, t t ? f afftret?
T t w f f t f w<3TOsitftitt f t r o t f ^ Wtttct tftfc êt s
f l f l c ? | j * t t? R t t T O C t t f t t f t t f t f I f t f ? f w f w t f t t i C f J ?
"Oil VI <jrv J l j ^ i - <iji VI <ji V J l j ^ i TOt f f w f f f % f t t t l f ' W f t o f f f R f f t w ? ? ?i?f tff1t
. . A O j l ,1 0 .'ILL - <LLJI J > - J I J - ttfCt? W w t f f f I t?t? t ? F s f t I f J I ^ ^
d J I J ^ ^ j ( R i t i w fictet? fcifCtT W R ) t r o TOI c?t cttftf ttitew?
t?f W W?Tt?T tffJtf? f f t f t ? ??tt ttffC? I ifit t # t f f W t T t t f?1 ?t?lC? Ri?t? f t C f T ? l wwt? R f t ttftCf
ttftff TOTO W f t t f Wtttct? tffj ?? tfCtft I T ft I W f ? W T t t f f ? ? l e ? f , WtT ?tcc? R t t t W I wt? t r ? wTTttef
fWC?? Wtttc? TO ^ j J j l j^ S i L ^ ' l f ^ tstct Ctit ?tffWT? ( R ) - a ? tfstfw s ffttttew? f f f f t^ltw ttcw? t ?
t i f j ^^c? IFE f t (ti'sf'imifi-fff f t i - t t ' i i f , S t . , 'J. IFEO-I wtt tttte? a t w t j Gi, ttwew? tttft ftft-fttft wtr?
f t r o t f t - f w w t t t f , {. FE4I) I tttjctt 'Wttt f f t t c ? , ffw? TOf R ? I t T TOf ffw f w t w f
tifft ttf?t? W f t t f 8 ? i t T f TO'?ict? w f ? i t t I w f , WfTO f f f R t f t W ? ? I W W 8 t ? t t s t t f C f l - îLaJI ^
t t t t t f t f t 8 TO ctt tifjit I TO I Wi? W?flf t l f j t f ? ? (Rftwt? fctCtJ W t t ) R f t W f ? ,1f WtTf? ?5?1 ?t?IC? I tr?
TO ffttt 1 W C t t i f t f TO?tct? t w atttc? tt?ttrf??-a? fetti ^tt, wt^tew wtw w f t ft'wtcw? w f f f t f ? R t i
t? w t f f f t t t c ? 1 t r e w wfff?tet f t t l t - f f f t t wtittJ ff??i?f? t f f tffw
a t flttc? t t f f t TO"?f? W f t t f wtttct? ttctft ttfj ?? t^ CtR I wt? t?tt'êe? tttret? Rfet?'wtftt I
IFE ft I WI? f W C ? ? wftfc? ? TO ^ J J J I j - O 6IL-J I f^ wwst? R t t t W w?s ? T O c r o t t t f t t e ? tetr wttet?
^5tCt t t C S I l t ?1fJ ^^C? ? I ft I ttftcftcf f??rft% f?t ? ? , c ? ? W W ? ttiw? roi 't?it
? 1 ^ TOW? W f t f f 8 ? f ? f f TOTtCt? ^ W f t i t I a t f t ?5 f t f r o Rt? Wtet? fftttt f t f c w t ?t?t ro, ct? f t t f ?
TO'?fC? C?t??it ttffJ t t t (tt^, S t . , ^. IFEO-?) I RTtet *rttcH? ffttft wcRicfiWfti tttt ro a?i f ? W t f
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wrff fffW? (R)-cf tffror, t w w^rrwr?! w r i f f wrrotrff tft ^ f , cttt W W f t f f f , f f f , t t f f t f t ' w t w awft
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W R R <3 tn^Mw smnn#n fonrnfneng nem 'itsft Rfnenn wrm'wtesn nftw ntntw wtns nsm S ^ i cssmrt wtrnn-t^mtw
cn c w -ansft m^m cfcn wtmn f n n m fncw sten s c n t f t t m ^ f ^ m , wtm'wews w m n j f n wnrnnfCAs w | ^ i w
ff^, f^smnn f n e n , w m R ^ m f f n f w i f f m cnen fntffesn w m cncAs wtm'wen fsmn mfwn A S m t . fmt
f-sntfnnn nfn wtnR mfwm S f ' n # c w sfrnm rnn wtm ^ten wtnR-tsstmw-a ntfn s t c n m i -awne?-8 f n t f w n n sfn wrmn
f n n m wrmn fne stcn, cntm t t m nfwen, wtntenn c w "ntnn ^tfwm wtm'ww f s m n n wrm n r w A n r f w w r t n ^ten i
tnmft. f m s e w
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W f t I t f M ? t % t i)|<j.<i,^ I W R W T w f l w RlRtTR tftw fwwt I fW "Wf f T f WRR. f t w t W f W'W f e f

TOfRWTR WttH W t f TRfi:? rot WTRfwr W R ? .???w ^ R T ? H (W)-a? f c a t f f w ?twe?, W f ^ w ? ( R ) t e t t ,
Rtfg;? I wftit 'fRiftw awft TOfm w w t wtfW iwR wwt's f f w f f i e t wT?r? w? ? f c t t f f w w t w ? w t f t e ?
Wfti? ^ T R W, WTR tWWs W ^ i W R WTWt Wf?i? I t f T t t w CtW ?? W W ^tCt f f f t f ^ - f f R W t ( j l _ . ..^11 (!
t W I W W f f i t ( t f ? f t t a t t wfw) affff W [ f t t w w t - f f e t ? a f t t t ? t j t f f wwew wtww W S F T S t t w c t ^ f t t t t
t f TtTW fetft wffw f t T R tif*? ^ T R W ( W W t f t - W ? ) t t e w f f W W R ttffCt ( f f ? f T W , V t . , 1. ifffe-'bo) I
RWit', i t . , 'J. ie) I t t w t w e f ? fte? W W ? tfTwe? t f f twt? f f f i
^ ' w t fffft WWR o WW? w w w tett s ??t? t? wT?tef fw? w e w f f t ? t - f f ? R t f f ^ w w t fte?

W t R ? T t f t e ? t f T t w ?w I ?T?Tt 'wi=iif-RTRr?-a? Rt?
jj^ 6J I '(-.1,1 (_5Jji I j l I J 'L nl j-jj_3l L
wet's ? T w t 'ww^-ww?"-a? t t ? wet f t f f t t e w ff&w,
V, i 11J j ' j j <ij I j J j ' iln-^Li i i U J I wwew? wttet? c w j g tttt w e f ( w ? R i f R - w w s w ,
ctttft
"C? f f t w t t ! W I * W ? f f t t t t t H t t a t W W w r i t f t t ? t ?t., 'J. ?'i^) I we? at w t t e ? 3 m\ cte?f wwe? c t l t t t f?t
w t t c w t t t Wftt?3 R<rct t t f t w ?^3 a t i Tzra-ftara w j t t f ^ " F C I R W t e ? , fwtti wwe? w t t e t ? w t ? R f t w f t t f w w?t
('Ji? g S) I ctetG c w ? Wffttt êt w i ttesit w f s w?tew, t f t w t e t ?
W f " W ? RTWCW5 W t J R t a t t t a f f t w w t t f i t W W f w t t ? t e w , f f t w f f w ^ w t w t f f - R t f f f t ^ ' t ? ^ e ? , t f f
f t f | C W t t l t C f R J C t w f f w ftC5 ? t I Wf^lWt ( R ) , T<lt W f f t e t t w tîft f ^ ( t t W f wt?wt, ?t., <J. >So) I
F F I F F (w) ? t t w t w t ( W ) - a ? f c t f w W f f t t w w e t ? f f f f t a at?t 8 f^stitffe?? t r ^ f f e t t w e t a t
wgTt?w f i t I w s g t ? ? t ? w 'f?wt ( w ) - a ? f c t t t t t w c f ^ f e a t ?t?iic? t w t t e t f f t t f t ftf? f e ? f'otttlfe??
f t t w t t c t t t l t r t f f % w t w t f w w T f f j t t t W t w t F f f f c f ffwe? f t ? I t f t f t t w t f c R W ^ t t e f , tw t t e t
ftwt WW f f f t , w t t t w c t t R H e t IrS wttt w t t % citfw W s w t C t l T ^ ^5te? W , f f ' S W t H - t f T t t W R f ? ^ e t 1 fWWl
R f 3 W ? cww wtw W I c t t w w ? t t W * f ? W t (W) i^f"Wt f ^ f f w c w ? W W ? , WW?? t f f i ? t e w w t i t ctw?
>aww ? W ? t t t t e t W t a f f t W W C t t f 5 W f f t T R R WW wfff w?m ct'sw, wt? f f e w ? f f f t t ? w t f f e t f c w w w f t t f
w t w ? w i t W'SW? f t ? C t W t j t w , W?t? W W ? t f w ? f f f f t ? f ? t f t t (tmw, ?t., ^. ? V ) I
^ f t t w t f f w I ? ? ? w t^wc?? a t t t w f f w c ? C f t t w w f w T W e t ? WW? 8 ?iffW? (t) t e t t , 'W?ft 1ft? w?ffft?
w t f % f c ? ? w t I t?tT:w R t w f t e t ? i & f j t e w w:f"w? t t t t f t b t t f i. Rtfitw, ctw? f t t , ?. W W ^ e f W f f t wftt
wttt R f " w w t ^ ^ w w? a ? i i^f"w? wwet? t ? w^'w? ??!? f c f t f t t t ^te t t w cttw, ^^. w w t a t t f f f w s
atf f f t r f w tttf?! t t f f W t w w t ? W ? W R ^ t t e t f r ? W W ? w cfsw, 8. W W ? wewbw offw-s f?it w t f t i"
c t t w e t ?? wwe?? f t w R i f f g f i t , ???w t ^ t t t (W) f f f at wfe?? wtewef wtte?? w t t t ct>a?t? 'swf t?cwt wfctt
t t t W t t e ? ? f5?t? t ? "ê wt?t? t w p t t t Wttet? t f w 5 ( W W t t R - R l t t t ' , i t . , >[. iffff) I
^ W ? I f W W l '^f'W? t t t W W ? ? W ? t ? Wif'W? t f f f w t w c t ? WW? CtW? t f f t t t 8 f W f f f t WW t f t c ?
? j f w W t T f f i t w t t ? "^c? w (wtffe? t ? t t f , wwft- wtw ft?tff% f?t I C f t w t f w f t (R) t f f t r c ? ? 8 c t t ?if^
f ? W ? , W W f f f p T - f W W t , w f , ? t . , i'bi; W ? R t f R - f t W l W , f w ? f f ? WW t e t w t ? t t f f w w t t t c t ? f w ? w t - w w e w ?
St., f iiS)I t t w W ? W f ^ W W? I fWWl f S t l t f t C H ? WfltfC^
H t w i ^ c f ^ f t e ? w ? T t - t f TWW 8 ? t ? w W f w e f ( W ) w p t ttttt f??Tff% f W ff&w I w e t Qf wttit 'wtwt-
?et?, ' W W f t f w w (W) ?TRR tf? ' W f e f t R ? f f t e t w f f t T W ? 's ?T?Tt 'wiwt-ww?'-a? f t e t <jji_, v i v j J>^v
? T ^ f W ? ? ( R ) - c f ?TWc?? ?te? w w e w ? wwe?? tjr? w w t a?i j j j j i \ > a j _ j _ : i S i L ^ i - a ? w w e ? ?ftie? vi^jx^
ffew c t f f w f l ( f f ? f f t f , w f ? t l iffib") I fW fett, ^jjL^j (Wtft RWT tftte?? a?i c t f w w fffwe??) (fRrs,
fw wttt ?t?w ?TW? ( f )-a? wc?i? R S t f f ? e R ^ t c w ttc?, it., iffff) I
w t w ? f e f - s tste w e ? i ffff w c t t ? e t ? , f w wfe?? wewef w T t t e t ? WtT? cf^w? tfw w t t o ? wfRTW 8 T I ? W
f W c t t , t t w t w c f ? f t e ? W t R ctw I W?^R-f?t? Wrf ttt? t t f t - W S T ? (W)-a? ? f ? i , ? t f 3 W ? ( t ) ? c t ? , f - s w t f f ?
?ft?ie?, ???w t w ? t f ? ' W t f f t - ' w f ? ( ? ) - a ? w s j T t f i t , t t t t e t _ ^ i <ui - _ ^ i <ui C W W R ? t e w ^ e w cf?wtw
? T w w?t2r?t f f f e t ffff WW? w ? we? w w ? w t we? f?ew w t w tft ct's W f f t uji - "OJi t e t .
ttwf ftwwt
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WM
w s s f s f-asisRH n t n mm < i J l V I <di V j l j - j - i i "sm cn-a -unmttt -ansTfnns ^^rcn w m m b*ii-*icn w n m g -awret
mm d J i V I <di V ^1 o ^ - i i , w s s t n f-antfftn n t n mm j ^ i -ansifnss wrnrn untmen S<m s t n , n s s n wtmcnn wnm en-am i
dJi Jj_-.j i.w -> fl J l w t n cn-a mm 1 1 - > j i x^-ii tAtew nnnrt ^ c n attn wtmenn wmn enm Sfsw i cnt
til I J , mwgin f-smfnnn n t n mm j ^ U a J i ^ w t n wtnm fnw n A W ^
^ w t m w m n A W (wtAmfn-tprm-am,
cn ncn <iJi_i v i S j j j V j Jj_=..v, wwgjn f^sninfnn n t n ncn At., f . AS>A) I
j ^ i U J i jixi ^ w t n cn ncn g vi V j J>^v, AHs S ^ i t f i i wmtenn f ' w t g wmtenn ten mw S i l t s i f'wt
mwgim f n i f f n n n t n ncn s j _ l S I < u i - j-^si d j i w t n cn nsm n f ^ ncA i f nmenn mm f'wt m?st tfwm en-am Sfbw i
ncn j_,i d J i - < J J i , w m wrmn -at S w r n j A nfn w s n

w f'wt ntfm atten fstn t f n ^ twt, w w g t s f'wt twr,
wwgtn g
^ c w ncn, wtm ^ c n cn wiîc stncn f n c n ( f n R n , m f ? n t
JL .\ d .7.1 J <J d . ^ j ^ V t U I VI d l V JL
Annw '-iiMfaiA t n n *winn t n f n - ' w m ' (m)-'an n ^ , Vj-tuj i< n -> fi I J L j j < U L j 1 i r i J < J j _ i i i j j 6J_i^ Ii.
n t f f g t A ( n ) nenn, cwmm f-amnlnncss wimn fncw fnc*i cn
mm ncn cwinm wmen wtmt n n i w w g t n wtnm aiR f n m
camt nm i c w n cnt njf^ wtnm a(R mat mm fnm t f ^ , (wrte^ ntmcnn wtn S n m A n , rnnrn m nmtesn, wtnm
aiiaiA w f w r m WtAm aif ntf& nAms camt nsenn i w w g t n wt-an t ^ t n t w , A t . , f . wiAntfn-nnwt-am, At., f.
wrmn w m wratAs nnnrcn -affnm w m f'wt nm i c w m Sm AS.<^-b; f n R n m f n ! , ^ t f ? nt ioZ-sb-b) i
wt^te^n -ansftmnfm mm csmn w r w t p sKicws nm ^ e w TSSMIEWN WNM S tssnmcws wnm cn-snt ^ ? r s m i 'wtmcm
mmt mw nsfncn i w m m wtm cn, wtfnt A t n cnt ntm i wmenn m m t tsstntewn w n m i wen t^nmew o-ot-s a_5
f s m i est mf^ wmm w m f f n m f'wt f n c n wrAm w m SiU<xii--an wmen l _ < . I J I J <LUI i ^ l s i (wt^tntAtnA m
wmm t t ^ ' w t w w n # t t m mten (atfo^, m f A n t wmtntm) nfnew a s (MF, At., f . b n t ) i -at ntsFt n r f f W
ii/b-8) I
(n)-IAN A t f ? w t f nt^nnA wmtm f f m c n s f ^ wtc? (S. w t f
m^, n t n t w , s m -sb, nt cAb) i
ASSW mm t n n n t ^ m ' (m)->an n'Rt, siffsiiA (n) nenn,
est nif^ wtnm fnm -at f'wt t f ^ g ^ ' w m F^FN wmtenn WNM g ^ ' w f n f n wtnm mm
tiwlncss n f c t ntfrm fncw a s wtms wnm en-am nfn-a w i t s ;
J i .i.ij <J d - . j _ i V <dJI V I < J I V j \ .\i .7.1
wen f m fssis f c f w s m en-em w n m t ctn ssfsew stes
( t s t r n f f - w i A W . % 8 5 ) I S ^ wtmenn wnm f c t f e t m fnm
nen nen fncw t t e n (wtAmfn-nnm-am, 8 t . , iA<?) i
wrms mA ssfnm enm s t c n (arts^, m f ? nt s t ^ t f f g ( i ) t n n A T W 'wmnsnntf, -mw^m-ntf, MNM
i o /Ob-to) i ntmm fnw-^ntA, w e m i 8 o V ijb-!s f., f f s i f n - w m m , At.,
-afntn f'wt m t c f Asnw wtfnn (m)-'an n ^ , siffsiiA (n) f . feA-io'^; (A) w m - ^ i n w H t f , t s t i f n - n t f , mmn FFN
nenn, est nrf^'wtmn fnm-at f w t nfnen g w m - t n f n m f , 'Snntw isi-js /iJt-!5, fnswtfn-wmm. A t . , %
\<io-HH; ( o ) w - f s n s n f , t m ^ n - f s n s i f 'wtnt f-ant^l t n m
^ ALL Si> . o . I l j ^ 1 -1 II S > - c j J I 6I_4 c-^-L-ll
mfnns, mm tA'ntfnw-^fntA wm-'wmtf, 'Snstw i 8 i < ^ /ijs>i,
.M ' J > L a i S n <l "n l l j 5 1 J l A i 11J 3 I J . . i j J I ul.t n -> n d i l
f w t f n - w t n m , i t . , f . Ai'^-s'^; ( 8 ) FNFF, w t n s f ^ -
fn^F, wftns- '-aitsfs- sissK'' w m - n t A f , n t i p n - f f m n
wrm Aten f w m e w s nnmen wrms w m t t s f w i w nsm wtmn wm-'wmtf i 8 i b /is-s-n -bt., A i b , f n t a g <t\r; (a) wnwm
S t n w ? p f ^ mten ( f t i f , A i f A n t t o i 8 ) i w m - f n w t f n n n f n , tnntfnss iFtSestn mtntent, n n t ^ t
wtnm ^ ^sten a n t ^ n f n Sfbw ^ m n^ ssfnm en-am, w t n i-sb"! /iJs-jsb, f s t AA s A'^; (b) t f n "mffn, wm-fnntm
f n w m fwm-antw f f tm w m cmn w t ?F m ssm nfn ^ Ate-ot -anm-fÂisl, ntn^ t A m f t w - ^ s t ^ w m - w t s t f , ^nntw i8io
fwnt-antew fn^ t i f f m tic^ wim^s n^ ssfnm en-am, 5 nenrcmt /iJsfe-o, -St., f . Ab8--!5; (H) f A T W t f n ffJp Wtf-nTtnA^,
n A m m wtnm g n t w t -a Smn wnm en-am n r f w w m c w f f f n - ^ -amn-nttm, n t w t f f n w m - t n f n m , tnntw, i n n t
nsicw fn m A m (swit'Sn-mtmt', i t . , iee) i i8i8/ itsJsO, o t . , f. Offi-O, Offi; (b) Wtf n t ^
tnntf fntew
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^ - m wmHTit
wTn-PjIstlf, wm-fTR, nra^-wn W t - ttRsjl, tngps, wt, wr-'wtntft, tnmw, wt, R , fft., f.ioA-is;*; ( o s ) wt^wtf,
R , At., f. i i n - n o ; (i) f A t w t t n ntm-wtw- wtntssifn- Atftntfw wtAwtft 'wtnt ntnttfrn-WrtA, nttswtnt wttntfen,
fnnt, ntns-tAint^-'^nt? wH-winff, tnniw i8iViss^, i't., (mmi, tRm, wt, tn, % i o o - i i o ; (off) 'wtn^pr- A i f n ntAin
f. ii:-Ao; (io) ttfnn nisfaiA ntA"ntf, ninnf -acsttn, wiAnm, wtn-tf?s"^-A"tnTf ft m'stnttn-wtfn, ntn^ w r m
Ainntntnm, tt^nt iSo!*/is>b-b-, f. Affi-too; ( i i ) tnm-sntftft nttn^ i8i5/is>sb-, i t . , i.ib-jft-s^ff; (o^) tnn mm
mrn-fnrfft, 'wtnntfj-ffn., wtAf^'-ttnft n t f f , ntwtnt wm-f n f f, tnnmtfn-fwwtftn nt RAmrn-f^"wrfnn, ntn^
wt-aftRnit, went, wt, tn, iffto-n; fnt ff gffir;(iA) 'mt# t f t Atnn, 'Snnrw i s i ^ / iJ5ff, i t . , f.Aoff-is; (o\) tnn
mm-ntnfnif, wm-Rftnt, w t n t f fss t^f, mn=f, t t ^ , m, fntnt, w r - f n f , ntnswmrfn tnnm, tnnm wt, tn, it., f.
R , i t . , f. b-i; ( i o ) nt-af'mtfn-tfn5-%i-tnnrf, nt^f'wr soA-oi; (ob-) wr-tFtwrant wr-'mrnm^ttnmt, ntwmt
wmm 'Wfn-nttfn wi-R<* [Km, wm-ntwfnfn wtnt tntsSn nrffnnr, cmtmf, t t t f w isoo/ is>b-o, i t . , f. ffo-n; (os.)
wm-tnnttnnjt, tnnn , wt, fn, s t . , f. ib-n-AAo; ( i s ) wttnrsp 'wtf t m f , tvHifn-mwt-ant, nmt. f f f mft,
tnfn-^nm, nnw^m- n n f n , wttftw wt'fns' mmt nt^tmrnn^n-Sfn, nmtf, wt, fn, i t . , f.Aos-Ao; ( s o ) f ^
'wtnfs-mnnt^' mfnn wm-ntAf, ntwtm nrmfnm, m-smn, R w t ^ f ^ , f f w t f n - f F f , ntnswtm Atîtnm, fnwm-
t t ^ iSAi/Aooo, i t . , f. Aso; (iff) fAtmn tnn t n m f n m f f w , o t . , ^-Ai; ( s i ) tnn wtf w m , wm-ffmfn-
f t t f , wm-ntttA, Aff^ nt toos>; (ito) fnfnn t n f n - A T ^ f f t ^ , mn^-fgn wm-tnfnmr, ^nnrw isito/is>s.ff, i t . ,
wm-f mnf, wm-mftA, ffwifn ntntw, mf? nt i s (ob-n); f .ibff-Aci; ( S A ) Atffn f m f f , wm-fnwmmns, ms?n f f n
( i l ) wtf f m wtw-fwnfnf, wm-wttn', mf? nt Aoto; ( i b ) wm-tfnmr, tnnrw i8ii/i;!o, i t . , f. oiA-ff; ( s o ) mnfn
t f n ^?tfn, wi^pfn^n-fnwttnn- 'wrwin, nin=n#n,tnaiw, wr, wtAnrn 'S^mf, -iprw^m fnftn mn^ ntttA fnf%n, nr^wtm
fn, fnt S i s oo; St.,}. ioA; (is.) tntn ntfnns t f n wtnm, npffnm, wtft, wt, R, i t . , i-ito; ( s s ) tnn fWtnn
wm-f^ntî, Atf? ntisto; (Ao)'wtf f m f t wm-Rff, W f n , wm-tnnf, wm-ntA'^-mt^' W A " nnnfnn-mnsttns', m w t m
'Smn, fmfntntfn- fnntntA, ^nntw i8io/is.jo, i t . ; (Ai) nt^tfnm, m n ^ , i8is./iJ5b, i t . , ssA-toi; (Sff) f ^
AtRn f m t # , wi-fnwtnnt^, i t . , ^. Aoff; ( A A ) wm-nnntf, m'wtfnfn f n w , tmntfn-m'wtfw, nsntft
nmtSn-nmit, nmsmm mftnnjt, cwatt, m R w , wt, R i t . , i8ii/i55o, b t . , sso, fnttoAs ^-m w t ^ g.; (sto) t f n
'{.isto-ffto; (AO) mffn-ntAmn ntmf, wm-ffwn-fntfntn, '
mwff^tnsm, b^rnn, ffnnt, isito/i5:to, f. to!*; (AS) wiftn fffAt^
tnn 'wmfnn ntfn wm-f ttf^ fnmtfn-nnm-am, ntnswmt i h h tTft ( , ^ L S J I J I ) S mntm (n), stfw mn
ntffnm, cmratt, m f f w , wt, fn, i t . , f. sb-ffo; (Aff) fat waitw, nnmn-a new wtnfn-ntfn; cww nmntntsn n f n
'wtf ^tf, fnnnstfn- mnnfA w ^ fmnmtwn vinif A, wt, R f c n wmm ntft arrcn f f n wnjfAt mm i nsfstw wtc?, ntc?
bt., f. iff!-too, (Ato) f f f nt%T WtAmn, 'iiiA'nifn w t m , f ^ m ntf^ wtmn fnntflenn -ant cnt wtntenn "tn nfn
nrmfnm f f R f . cwsmr, t f ^ i::8 f, At., f. Anff-s>'i; f^tntf^ cnt ?tcnnrnnwtnm mft stmc? i f m n f^^ppntenn
(An) wtnm wtAmn 'S?mf, tnntfn-wtAW, nt^tRm f^ R f , ncm -answn tnnm srmcnn f m c t fnft ^tew nsfcnct wtfnn
cn^mn, t f ^ , w , R , At., f. 00-8S5; (Ab) f A t w ff^s f n m sttcn ^nf c w w n^rncn ncn wmm ntft -men nnR
f nmnf, wtfcss vtntfnn wt^n Sn^ An., m f f n t fns R f , ?tfn nsenn i -at ntefst n t f f f n wtAnm f R f f m n ffm i
cn-smn i8is/is.so. At., f. iffto-no; (A;*) f n s f aJtcnn ntent t f n nfnfswi fnfn t%Ft *Snm (m) wtmn
'wtffn-ntAnm 'S?mf, nnmm m ^ Sfn, ntmRrt fns R f , n&tfw f n ^ ; W t wtmrnn fnnftf (n) f m n wSnns
cnnn, wt, fn. At., v o - i o o ; ( o o ) t f n "wtfnfn, fffnm'wtnfn-mmn--an^mf^fai
ntffn-fAW 'wtnm-fntnn f t w ( f f ) , ntnswtm ntffnm, f A m tfwt wtnnm flenn i frw ewi^ fat ftnten w R
cîenf, f t f f w , wr, fn. At., f. ffb-bb; ( o i ) w f mm wmn-ne^ f f n ntRw-ftfnw Atntflenn i 9m afAenn wm
wm-Amtf, ^ti-Briii'S-n wtn?n, W A : ffwmstn- wm^, m ^ fmesp nsfnnnwm csmn nsm An i fnsnm wt%rt ntfnmra w R
^ wm-tnfnnjt, ^nntw isis./i;;b, i t . , f. i i o - b ; ( O A ) ^ t f n tnntf fnnnnfA, "wtnf -a nnnf wmt 9m w n i
m-a^, mnff-wt'owm, mn^ nnnm, tnniw, wt, fn, At., f. ntfntw f*t^ nrntntes t f n cnfnffcnn cnntnwtw mntm
-oi-ffss; (-S-S) w m f , Svm-gn-nstf, ntn' ^-Atmfnw ^m^ fm mtn (n)-an f n ^ mf%f tnn 9m^ ^ tnn n w ? -sfnt
tnntf f f c w
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f w T w c r t w t f c ? ? a ? i i ? i f e ^. i p t f t w c t w t t c w i f t f t w r r t s ? w ftifttc ^ - w t f ? i f ? w t t f f t f t c f ? l i R t f r o
(Algeciras) f W f C ? t i WWSf? i o t W t t f t c W ftftt w t t f t w WW? f t r o f f t w f f f t iw:tt w f f f ? tf^w? ^t?T
t t w f fffcfft
t.ft.Vîsfe
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(t8<b
Sfk%nn I S ^ t i l R WtAts affw sjRtw wtesFtt cttnt mttten 'wmm--an w fnmten S R f ^ ttntcA ( n m w m ,
nsfnewn -an?, cnt ncsf wtnm fnwm wtf nttn-s wtsjcss rfnrm fwwt-sn, f w , f A -s mfn ^-an stwRn tfnntenn fnsst 5.) 1
csict cnftcwn i n^Vi*^^-'^'? nten nt tm ff? tes tsi^nm tssnens ttf sssest w s A S (wmtfr-'mfn; -a fnnen w t m ^
f f J stcn WtAm wcntni f a wtfn-ns'tfnn f A ' t w wtAm -ant f n w m f n f . ) 1
S^sntfwrif An i fwfn wtAm ststewt wtt cnfntftf (nm tiff'wtew ttf mfn s t w s ( i ) f w m wsfttntnsenA -a
(nsttfn-wTnt#i) f A t m n t n n ' w t f n w f w w m ^ f e n fnStt Sftenn f n n ^ f w wtntenn w m w f s t t ^dtss ttf 1 -at fffw
m n n f m w mew i cn tfnflff: cnn -tm 'wtntf ntenn twn Wfntff wtmffe^fnA, w w m W 5 # t w t m t c w ties (Rmn
ne5 wtm -atn<3 tfnmnwtcn wtmrnnm i wtnm f -a5f wtRe g.) I (A) flstw m fnm wsfttn^ttw m w^mfnn tfnnew wfna 1
ttfn, f m n <i"oc-^s twnne^ t^mfn'^nmfnSsicwwfwmn ntff fwtenn w f n w wjit f n e n fftm ls>nin -sfAt w^tsn "^cn m
tfnmnm nsesn (nAViAn-v) -ant wnftw nnnm atntntt Smn wfnfw sfn^ m "^cn (fnmf.)fnniennm?tsn 1 (o) At^
wmtfttess \stAm f n f s nnft w n i wtntftetn twenn W t wsftt tiff'wtw f n f n w ttf mm n t w m nsrnn mn m 1 ntt m t s
WW] f t n , ffg fmcm tap ?nmff mff^ wtfn-'wrsstn wtAmtn mfnm swji ssm, fnfnt n t t i ^ enaimw, s w n (Am g.) 1 (8)
f g t fnStm f n m stnmnict wtâtnnt w n i f f n t cn f m e n n m f f n wsfttfnmcssnfncssmfntlfstprs ttf itm snntn, fnntnn,
twens wm wenmtet ntff wtm nen m nsm f ^ i Wtss ttf, ns4 nnn, f w n w ^ e n ^ c W - ^ W w n n t m n w ^
tMlfwnw nnst ste ncn A S , ' w t r n f t e n m n s n t ^ t W ' ^ - - ^ e r f t m ' r ^ i ^ t , w t m f f s fct snR mtitew, wtsm
ntm m-sm AS -ant cnttcn fmenne^ fnfw^ 2tcntw% stttnfnss gn f t i t m fne m wtstess s t w n t w fnftew ttenn, twrifn
W W fnfss w t A S wensstt n w s s f wn?m i f%f ntffff (wfffng.) I
ttnsstt -at tfssicss f w csnnsit fnsit n e n t w ctmt w n mt t n n r n wtten ttf wtmss w f n w ( W f f mA) m ntfcns
-ant ntfnss f s t m n t f n w t f f n s m wtfn-Atntens entmftffn mf^tw w f n w ( A t f n - t s m ) tte tics 1 ctcm^ cwm ttf
wtfns^-ntAsnret fnfs? An i i-sso f . f s m tfnmnmffcn ent fwsf t e w (m WtAts wt#s-iwn m -astfncAs) wfnw.-a mfns
cnfstftff winefnmn--an wfcn f f n n s j t f t f entntfsffc^ m n csfffew sftrs AS, cnnn fwrn sftrs A S mfm m f w t w w f n w
fnf%A f s m ens i n t ntnn t e s c # w nnffnew 'wrsfn--amn ftnten 1
n t f n t e t n mftffs fnsn:^ f ^ f s e w f s e w n t n f f n n t e w t
wtmss fsfn ntnens e w t sfPrs ttfcss t n m f l witcns -ass
fnsw s n wtn-s ffn w t f f ^ - n t A m ten fnf^ flenn i
R t n ftR w f s t f 'AtrtitA'-sict t n j ssm AS I wmiA ^nrffn;
st-^t^f % ( i ) J.D. Latham, The rise of the s t f w t c ^ f f n m w ttf nnnm ssesn m 1 na wtmss wfssnsntet
Azafids of Ceuta, S.M. Stem = n n f ^ afe? smf^tw
fnenfgw sten w t m f t n w f s nsn mmn w t m n emtn nsfnm w t m
(Israel Oriental Studies, A t., iSnA f . , A-Ji-a-b-n);
ffsncntR stwrtsm f s m cmtcn 'wm wm wtmA^ '^te? stttm
(A) entns. The later Azafids, Melanges Le
m t n w t ^ n I -atsit wn?m ntRtetn t e ^ wtmfm fnsn;^
T o u r n e a u - e w stnnf*fw). Rev. de 1 Occident
musulman et de la Mediterranee, iff-i-Js, i s n o f.,
ntnn m en-am, Rmncw t c ^ w t m f c ^ t t R -awttsm f c m t
f ios.-Ae) (Ssm iAff f t e w t f mnn wtnfn-ntAmn--anffj cnam, wtmfte^ ftsncsiR stwjtmcsn ffnst mn w t 's^s ncA 1
wtfnt -atn ntt-wtfnnne cn-sm nms nin/i-sbn); (-0) -an. mRn wen w t m f f f t t t m e n c w ntfcns w f s w s n t m f 3 nsfncn
f ^ , Quelques lettres de la ehanceUerie de Ceuta -antfwsl m R wtmn t t R ntfn f n e n wm-a t e ^ w t m f t n
au temps des Azafides, Actas ii coloquio atR Wf^mt stm4n'2ns ncA I
hispano tunecino-cw stnnftw, fRw i5nA f., f. 8A-n 1 wtten t n f s w tifs (At^) c s w fneme^ csnn mfmm mt
J.D. Latham (E.I.2 Suppl.) ^mff tm -antRtn t i R stmn ^^R:w mm 1 ctem^ ttRn c w i wtmfm
*^5rtf1^ ( ^ i i c ) s 'wtaiA m ttn^stn^ c w m m , nst t e ^ f f t f n t w wSnn, w t "s^cn wtm -tActn wfnR mt 1 t f g
(Jnft^ m-ntnfnss) c^,-ass nstm n s (Sfm 5_,jj^) 1 tAtew -at mttten wtmfts w t m n stmetn w m ntsntnt f s ssRt
n stmnmfm tens Tsrm mrm stemt cnnn f f s w A S , wstt witntfcmfnw srmcts atc?nwn 1 ntt mfwmn smietn w m mRsm
mtnfnmcss stfw wtAJn w t w t - a t f n n f ^ A S 1 f nwten wtatAs atwjwf^ f f n n t f n n t ^ atestwn 1 a t f w t e ^ wttcns fnsm -a
fnmesn nstt f n f n flf5|w stmcA I tm sjf^ fsetn-a nns} wtfn f ^ cs, t i R stmn atmt n s s t s A S m 1 nnsw fnsift t t R csssn
S t n tAcntss -s tncntss -a Swn f m n t stestwj 1 stntnw wtmss - a f t ma fnPs f f % wtft w t m f t s ffsnentf^ S t n a t f f l w
af^ f n t m , nftens f w w f n t m -s wtmAs 1 w c ^ fnegtesn stew ttes I -at cwm tnntfsw t i R wt-amn ttfnn 1
tnmft fmsesnn
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s t f t ^ t S 'ft%? TO'TW? t f f " ? stfsfti w f w w f f t tt?ti f ? i ??, c t c ^ tsfrt ?ifw?< a t cwca-s wfttiffe f i t ,
"51WWOT? WW s (i) E. Sachau, Muhamm. Recht nach cw:?f t f w f w i t e t ? w t f f e f t t t t c w t ? i t w f ? w w
Schafitischer Lehre (Berlin 1897), P. 757-849; t i f l f ? cwca-s 'WTtt? f f t ?j<i?\o ^t 1 w t f f e wfttict? t t ?
(?) Snouck Hurgronje, in ZDMG, liii, 161 f . ?w w w w ? c t t t i t j T ? t r w ? w i f f e w r ? c t w t c t w w f w
(Verspr.Gesch. ii, 408 t . ) ; ( ) do., Mr, L.W, C. van f?T a t i f w i ? t t ? t?!ct? f w t i f R f i t c t t t w w ??? -s
den Berg's beoefeming van het Mohamm. recht, w t f t t i f tet? t f ^ t wtfR5i?t f f t w f??? t ^ f ? ?'aw a t i a f
ii, 49-61 (Verspr, Geschr, ii. 888-201)1 W W f f f f ? ??ct? Wtrct f ^ wTg f t i i t c t f t f c ? ? t f w f ? f w
W o W W ? WW % (8) J. Kresmarik, in Z D M G (Mil f a f ' t H ' ( t f ) t t c w a f w ? ftwe? 'wttr? t i f t f e w c W f t i f ?
69-133, 316-360, 539-581; (<?) L.W.C. van den a?i wt?iet? t t f e t e t wt?tet? w?t-ctT?et? trtwt?
berg, Le droit penal de la Turquie (in La t f t t H - a ? t t ^ w?rtT ttc ffer^ f w ^t i wi? t w f ?
legislation penale comparee, Berlin 1893); {b) G. ttret? tf??cf wic?tffe ^ f e ( f . 'wrsttffe) i
Bergstrasser, Grunzuge des Isl. Rechts, Berlin i8f f e f ? t t i w t tte, t w w f t f W f f f t f T T
1935. p. 96. f . ; (1) J. P. M. Mensing, De bepaalde w?ff c t w w f f e 'wT?T?ttef f t e w t f W tte w e f i
straffen in het Hanbalietische recht, Leiden
f i t ' - a ' w r t i t w f tie? tfffsf a t t t t f ? cwe5? f t ? w i f t t i f
1936; (y) A von Kremer, Culturgesch. des Orients
Q V5HJ - s ^ t e t ? WT? t i t f f e "?t a t i ft-sftt?et f w f ftetit
unter den Chalifen, 1 459-469, 540 f . i W l % f f W ?
w f f f e I t ? i w ?twefit ?tc ?WT w e f cfs^r =Tt ? # i a t
WW; (s>) M.B. Vicent, Etudes s u r la loi
t f t 'Stw tft-s wT?tet? f t f t ? w f t w f f e w t f t ? "Qf f c ? ,
musulmane (rite de Malek); ( i o ) Legislation
Wt?r?t fit3FCt ftstCRC? ffel? fffet? Wftfw WW fC? 1 w ? t
criminelle (Paris 1842); ( i i ) 1, Goldziher, in Zum
cttt ?T?, a t f t e f t w f t f t f ? w w e t ? t t f t f w f a c t ? cwea
altesten Strafrecht der Kulturvolker, Fragen zur
? i f i f a f f e w n : t fs?iffeT?et!tj f i t i i'laf f w c f ? t ? ?tew
Rechtsvergleichung, gestellt von Th. Mommsen,
t t t ' - a 'wTtTtWf-a? RttTCiT? f t?>s ft?>s c t f f t t t t f T f -s
beantwortet von H. Brunner, c.s. (Leipzig 1905),
t f t w t t t f t f ( W t t f w ? ) - ? i e t ftcttftr t w "5t I t s t w a t
102 t . ; (i?) J. Kohler, in Zeitschr. fur vergl.
t f t 'wtw? ttesf D. Ohsson t w w fftWe?? (Tableau.
Rechts-Wissensch. Viii, 238-261. O. Procksch,
I t . , oofe), t?rw c t l W - t t w f ? w w ? f f f t e t ftcttftiw f i t a ? i
Uber die Blutrache bei den vorislamischen
cwetfw W f t f ? w w ^ w f i t 1 f t w ? f e w t f W t t w e ?
Arabern und Muhammeds, Stellung zu iher
(Tableau, Tt., vsw), tft-s wr?r?1 f f t c w CWCtfw f|t, f f f
(Leipzig 1899) (i^s) J. Wellhausen, Reste
f i ? f t wi?tet?ef 'wTtit tiet wtwffe t w '^t, fteftw ftte? i
arabischen Heidentums (2nd ed Berlin 1897). P.
a t w w ^ t s t w ft'sff?et f f f cwetfw t t f t f t i f ^ t^w t ^
186 f . I
^W t f t t i ? t ? R i t l f e ?? 1 f w e ftfw 'wtw? w f t f R W c f
tifw'S t t w f ftfcwt ^ t ? a f t t t f f f t f ? W s t t W W'SW W? Juchereau de
'^TTR ( ^ > ) 8 Wi., wtfeiftw f a w W w t , ' f W f ; i f Saint-Denys (Revolutions, i t . , feo)-a? ?'=f?i? i t t t

ifef f w f ^ a r a t s j T t f >ii)*ifiw t ? ' W f w w i w f f f w e f ? ffef? t f f t w c f ftffew ftw (ffent-t w i f t - a ? t w t
t f W w ? w f c t f t f e ffwra Gfff? c w w îww? CW3I a t w r f t w f w f t f ? wtff%? t t r t f t t e ? ) f f f t w t W R f w f ?
f f t w w WI f f f t t f c t w f l f ? 1ttf? WR? w f r t t t w t e t t w f e ? 'wrrotte^ f ticw WtffW a f t f t w t t i f f f ?if?f <)ict
WW, tf?W5 tt-sffêt (5.) r w W w f t i ?t?it? w t t f t 2tw wfttftfwfftwe?? I
wwiR? WW w t t ? f r t ? 'jw f??i? ftffe f f t I t w W f f f e ??, ctit<(>w, f ? w f t t cRtt?c? ' w t w t t t c f ftettfww f ? t ?
W f t w t c t t t f t 'wtw? t t W W f t f ? t w ? W'SW w ? wft, w T t f ? -s-awf-a? i^ftw ? ? i t W f ?iet i cwwti? t t c w f t ^
a c t i f f f w c f w t t f ? wf ? ^ c f - c t t i t i c t w w c f ? f ? f ^ w e f ?fww a t t f t t f f t t f '2tw wftRt? ( ? i t t ) - t e t ? w f e ?
f ? i t t t i f f t w w m f i t f t f c t w?ffw w t t f ? t t c w t i f f w f g f g t e t t i t f f e '?t a t i ?? ? t w f ? w f f f w t w t w
w f f e i f f e f t f I f f t t^?w cfi?w-a? w t w f ^ ^ c f - w f t f ? C f H C f H f t H t e t (?t?r5 t t e f a f i t 'ww? c t w
f t f c t ? t ? t ? f g ? f ^ ? i f f e i f ?i|tfc?g c^-ct?t t c t t t w c f f t f f t w t f f f t i f f w ) , fw?t?fy?\t, t ? i w 'ft??tfRf' t e t f f f w
tJt?wtfe I t f e I c?t-Rfwc?? 'swr^-a? c w ? 5 3 ^ s t f w t e w " w t t t w e t
t t w f ftfewt
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(tSb '*il*il<p W n
ste wt^ ntfts fnnt wtRm i fntmrm mf^senn W f nAest

c w i t H ^ c s cmon tit i mra s n w i t % r f ^ wrawmjAc^ ntfts Atnt wtfnen, f f ? t t f -a wff^tfenn wt^ fsnA natt
stmenn mmen ttfmrt mfts w t Aten i t f n -a fmttt ft8enn
s t ? f # g (i) f n w w f l f , n r n - ^ - S f - 'wtw, it., iss; ( A ) c w st^ w t Aten m I c w c w n-Rm w e n s 'wmm -a w e n n
d' Ohsson, Tableau de I'Empire Ottomann, nt., t. mctn nm (mfwt-t ^mn) mf^ cntm AtmcA i fntnmn
?f.; (o) Hammer, D e s osmaischen Reich n i R t t nsnens ' w n n ste f R tttenn ff? mmntw nmenn
Staatsverfassung, Etc., A t . , 280, 287-8; ( 8 ) mt stew ncA -ant m f -a wRsrfm nsnenn wmm -a wens, mt
Zinkeisen, ot., C^CA; ( C ) E.I., s m Leend (Kramers); Snt cmt nsfncn i
(to) I A, stt^ w r m (Uzuncarsili); ( n ) Gibb and f n w e n n fsf%f wmtew tAm tffew m-am nm I nm s
Bowen, Islamic Society and the West, it., sttn
W t , fm# I
H. Bowen (E.I.^) fAl^'tntf'fn 0 ^ '

.j_ajl_ljl
' a
J
'*lll'l.^1-nsif^ (j-î ^ l i c ) s w n n 'wm wtft "ntn c w t w t t t wrmenn f f t n t t t m wtmcnn f t n n

w n m t i R srnm w r A S I tAte^ w m - t tmnrt (5.)- nnr
f k n e t wtntw nsfnew ttffen, w t n wtstenn R wn?t Aten"
stnr ttms i -at nmtift iqnn cn, w n - a -fs mffcnn m s w
nmn wf%f nwsrm i f f j -a fwtncwn nnmf nncnn ntnmf Wtn -ans n f ^ wtcA, n t n wwjtstfm f f m a m cmt
n t c f fnff nwcnn Scat w t ^^nr trends (i) nmn wt^frc^n f n e n -ant cnnmtwttt wtstenn A smtff f n n t nfnen,
m^ nrnm wtnt wtntenn ian# tAsn i c n w m fmnnm njRn cmntenn snt nn4t w , cwmm wtatA n r n c f wmm nfnew -a
w m nAntcw cnnmtwt -ant ^ t f w t r f fnnnmcnn w m fmn R T ^ n ^ s t w t ^^fe; cntwm wtw cmmenne^
wmrcnn cn^cntwr wren i f n t m n n m f f c n n w M wtntew w t n t n w t t R stms sten ( B .tos <o) i w t n -ans wmc n f ^
fnmfCA t t f n mm wn?m w -ans, fwtncn fnn n w wt^ wtcA, nfn cmnm cnt wn?t cnf^tc ttte, n t n c w t w t t t
^ cncAS nRs fnfnw Aten i t f l n t t sttn A t c ^ t wt^ftcw nnffnenn ftstaen -a f i e n e t wtntw f n m f f i nttten -ant
wn?m nsfncn I ( A ) wt#n-^?wcnn apncn "fw m f w m w t w nst n R m , cwmm n w f ttf% cmt w ( g . b-8 (to) i
AS, fnetnw t t f nrf^mt wtAtcnn aj^^nnnw wtfts-'^wemt f t W n n ^ A t f c A W C s n ' w n m m t e f Seat nftnteA(5r?tif g.)
f n t nst cott w I fntnnm mf^tetn w n ?nni -a ste? so Atw wf*PFttt cwm csnrnfmenn Seat m f t t s m Seat nsm Atst CA I
fn?fw 5iT5 nsen -an?, wfnmfenn w n iannwten.n?.ffsw A S cn, cn n w AtfcA essentwfenn Seat m t , enttten ^ f -^w^ n m
WtAtenn f w -ansfrnw ttwn w m f n e w ttwenn nsjt fnfnnt stmcA, w e n s fen wmm ^ e n w t m wmtenn w t n'Rt w t
nm I nsnen "fw <IJ(^C<J> wtsm nn nmef st^ w t A S , wrsgn cn^ stntcA I nm ff?nn fm?nn t t e t n Seat w t AtsicA, mtt fcn
W I WtAm t ^ ste stcign wnm cnn i t t f mf^cns t t R cn-anm t<ies^ wmenn w t i fwnfnfn m f c A nta - a w m f n w - m f n
w m wTsenn n-'f fnentt w t sten ant tAf ffstntw wnfn wiAtens mcnn Scat nftmcA (ffwtfn-wmttn, mn s) i
n t t n fncw t t f f m (o) f n w -a m f n ntenn ftwn cnsentwt
f f f "A wnsnrn (sttn) -si?, ntm An/bn t w t f n nmwtct nfBw
f w m f ^ w e n f f n w fnnt nntten -ant wtAm msf m t e
nfnm nen nsm A S , w e s n wtnm n m e f nta - a f& ntR^ nnten
fwmntntn nsfncn i ffnn m R f s w ntet (5. is s An) wnm
S e a t ^ R n t e A ( f f f m s io) i -amRmitf w t f snfsn^te?, ntmess
fnen i t s m tn c w t w f t n wtAtess wlAlfftois cnt ?tn enttten
-on/in t m f n n f ^ wtmtcns n-'ft nfnm nen w t A S , smesn
cntm Ate cn f R tttn -ant wi^ten cnt ?fn cntttcn, ntAt
wmm -a f n w - n t f t e s s fwmmmn m t c f Seat nftstc? i f f f "A
WtAm w m n t n f ^ i wfnmff nnfwnt c w t w t c n n stei^^sn
fne ttfnen m i c w t w i t t wtsjcnnc^ cntsm mf^ ntnt sfAm w w m ( f f f n ) ntAtcw ntmess 8f/ion t m f n nmmetn ffsn;
nsfnew t t f f m , cn wtntew cncA w f ^ t t ?witen i ntfn -a fwn wt^ttenn stffnfm^mf st? nfnm nen w t A S , fn^tffswtes-at
n i f w nnsf f f ^ w t w siAtenn t ^ fncw ttten i -ansft n^fntnew w t f n m mttif w t AtsicA ( w m ^"*) i n'fntft -atstts ssses f w
cnsnn w t w -iit t t R cwtt fnen i nwfnn tn wtatA mesn -at sjfên> f f W - m f s wf^ fstmmmn -a fwencAs nft w t w
t t R sRew ttRen i c w c w fnwentti n^lntnew f twm nf^nn A'am mn n t m i nnffs -a m f fnnntnenn stR w e s n
m f w fwrn t f s -at t i R w n r t ^ tttfen i c^pentwttt cnA wtsm -a nsnenn m t n t ^ n t m i t n n f nnen nfsw wtsntn -a
t n m f ffêmn
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' W W T f = 1 - f 1 ? ?
twfwo f w f ! t % f f f m - t i f ? f f f ftfsitiftt ftw ^W\H ( j j - a J I) s ( f f f Wtetff?, c"tf? t f f w RR

wtttero), t r w f s t t f ^ f f t f c t ? w t t f t?ew? a f t R ? ^ I
Cftt Cftt f'wilttt f f f i t - t t % ? t f t t r t a f e t w f f t w c f t t r f n t r a t w ? t t ? f r ^ ffctttftt? f w t - t t ^ a?i tttttte??
ct, f t f t t w f t f f f t ? wttet? ft-Wl%?I t t t t a t i t t f t f ^ t t t R f f s c t t f t t t ? f ^ - f c ? 'flttf f f R ? - ? t f ( f f s - f f w i ) - ? r t
f ! i f ? r t ? f t ? f f ! l % fs,%5? 1 ft?l? tc f f f t ? - t ! f i ? w f f e ? , ctt??t ^tc t l ? ff? ftetlffro fc? w?ff i ifeffi
cfctfot ??, t ? i t r rot cfc?rt? caf ftrt? R ^ t ! ? i<?,ooo ( t t ? r w t ? ) W f f ^ WSttfe t ? t I w f t t t f CH^
?ttic? I Cfttt t f f f | c f '(ffft? ffff? WlCf ttfCt? f f j wfffTsR f t t t r t , W ? I R l t T f t t f f (ttwt?) a?i t?t t t t t
^tcc? wt? a f t t t c ? i^tsi-i c f c ? f r o ffft? fic? f t f ??t R i t T f t f e r f ? I w t t t f g t t t f t w ^ wtcttfc?? (?tj w t t i t
t ^ ?? I wt? afft cffwf fjttrt a t ct, a t cfc?fwt t i c ? ? ) f f e RJW I f w R??1t RTt t,tT ffftc?? (Shad
ttfct? tt t R ftcsf? tff?it, t t r ttftfff ?it rot f f f t t fishing) WtT fttit I t f t tR? Ifct^w t t t ^tc ttt t t ^
ttfct? titc^ wtet a ? i Rtf% w t r ffw? tffsH t r o f c ? I 1 ^ a t t,tT ffft? 5fRC ttCf I a t t,tT ffftat f ^ R?C??
ft?tttff?TtCt? tc fff1?-ttf1? t f f r t f CfCtf!, w f t t r f Ch? # ? ? titet? wtTt t r o f r o i t r o 'jktrtf
ttror ttfct? tc5f w f f i t fc? Cwtfft-f Tft? w t - f t f t f , f?ett a f w ? R r f f t Rt?f, f f f t f t f t ticf? ftt-t fft?
f f f f t , tWt|t ife?V |. ?8'Jj) I t t t t t T t t f (?) ?Ct?, (tt'Qtt-t w t f 'wT?i?)-a? wttet t t t i t fffe? i
TTTO-tiro t w c f c? t f t ?*ffr ?ft?ic? tr tj a ? i rr ctf? tffwet? Ritef wrfttro f f t f w wtttfc??
wttet t r t t ^ t i t l t w -^tc? I w t f f r -e wttfTst t f t fttct? t t f T R w - f t fit I t t e t t w f w f t i c t f t f tf^ wtRiffro
f t ? t r o wttr w t f f r f , t r ?jffc?cf t r o f f ?? ?t i r f t ? f t f t f f w t s t ^5tc ttar f f f r ? ^ a t R?? wr^Ftt fft?re?
?ffe wtc?, fte? f ctf w t t t t ftC5l wtfttet 1 f?C?? Wîf!?Cf tftitt t f t r o ?? I a t wf?t?1t? rftt f f f f t f?t t s t T I
wtettff f ? t ? w?j c t f w t t t ^ wiwtra ??ttc? t e t t w ? i tft I i s v o tcteie ( Alca-Covas)-a? f r t t e t t - t ^ f w
r f e ? f c w t ?ft?te?, f f f t - f ^ '
w f t t t w e ? C f i t Cft? tt% w f c t t f f e ?? a?i a t tf% W f t r w t ? e r o w f s t r i ^ w i R c f
wtt-ttft'wt' t t e t tfffb; fftt'a?tftf f t e ? ? wtro -a t f f r e t ? re ?fff?t ct?t ??t i i8b^ f w (wttti?) R ^
f ? t t ? - ? T f c ? ? cm f t -^te w t n f f . t t t e ? (tTwff? twttct? ?twt? t t f ? f f f t f ? sfff ro I t? t f t t e t ? ?twt
"f?itl?tf, t i t i t ? ^ ?Tft-ttf?, i t . , 8 le) I flet? ffft? w? (i8iri-i8fe<? f ) I t r o fftfW? t ? t t t f t f ?
stft# 8 (i) ffftr f f f t t - ^ ^ , w t t - f l t ? -e wt-t!fft cttattttet? R t f w a f t t t t f f e ^ t? t?toi? ffffe
f t f e ft?^; (?) E.Sell, The Faith of Islam, t ^ i V V o t e t t w i ? t f f w f f r c f fT?ffrw t t t fffro fetnt t?t
%, % isct; (o) f'wrgt f f f f t t - r t r f , ? t . , f ? ? ff?^, f c t f t f t I i(2-ov f ^ r c R ? wtt% Rtet rtjro t i r f w e t ? (Manuel
iS.H %; ( 8 ) Wensinck, The Muslim Creed, Cftftw the fortunate, i8fe(2--i(??i %) fWfftCt W T f t r Rtt
ifevs? ffft, Purifshment, f?f!?-ttf? f f e ft?^; (a) f t f r o w?T a f tff r t i t ? t t ? t I t w i(2-i t t e t ?
s t c B f
w?^-'e?!ff?jtf w t f r f t t , r ? t ? r r o i ? i ft., 88; (b) ctettê?? f c fttrtro fffet?? c t f C f rrf ( t ^ f w r )

irrf, ?i?tft-f?iff - e f t - w t t f w i , i 8 8 ft., ^. fe; ( 1 ) w r f w r e t ? t c b f ? ft?tft% f t f t 1 a t r o w r e t ? t c s f t ^ f t i e t
?Tff f r o wt?-trtrf, ' w r f i t f , twrit i o i o ft., !f!t!f? tfR ?? I t?ew? w?it?T f t w t f f w t t ctt? f w t t f f f ftftt
fftt?, i o ? t . ; ( V ) w t t - t T t r f , t f f f f f f f t , ft?C?t ffttrflt, ctft wTsirf:?^ ffftt ffttrflt a?i f r wrw>s f f t J T O
i o ? ft., 8 t . , 8(2-i t . ; (fe) cttf, wrt-'^ratft-frfff, trr. ?t??te? I ie8i RTCt? tr^ tret t t t ^ f f i r e r tT t ( R r w r
Gautier, % ?o t . ; ( i o ) t f t fwr? wrt-rttff, Santa Cruz do Cabo de gue)-a? t? ?? (a.

WT'Strft-ff f t - f wt?"'e?ttt Wt?ftr t t t f - f i [ t w ioei ft.; wtttft-agadir), t t f w t f ? W? [ i e ? i - H '^.1 t r f t r w
( i i ) fftf Wt?'?tftlt-ff Rttt, ttt. M.Wolff., f 8 o t . ; f r o Rtw ^ Rte? f f f r o ffww t ? t f f f c t ? a?i t i f f
(i?) E k l u n d , . Life between Death and (Safi)-? t a f t t t ? i<?8i t t e t ? wiSt?? ttet? c t t f f c f
Resurrection according to Islam, Uppsala i f e 8 i w i ? i ^ trft ftftr ffct? (g. w r t t f ) i atict wttr^ t f f a f c ^
'^.; ( i ) t f ? f T f f t t Wtt-Wtff?Tt, Wt?-f?Rlttft-f T f f t t n cfcg t f t t ^ t f f l t I ii'bfe % t f f w t t t t f ro tffTrf-tt-
ff?-?it^ "Witt f t f t f t "wttTtft-f Tf?, f i t c r I f f t f w wrtrfc?? t f f e f r o t ^ m f f t r t R t r c f T w r w f ?
A.J. Wensinck and A.S. Tritton (E.I.2)/ ifeov % f ? t f f f t f f f f t t t w f f f s ?ttifl<=i a?i i f e i ?
a.at. a t . t t ^ f f ? t r n ? âat ^rcf f ? l f W t w w ^ r a w w ^ w f^ ^ I
t'gnf'ft'^wt
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w m t f s nsms liiwR srawtntf fncsft te^njtfnwt n j sT^f^f g ( i ) Encyclopaedia Judaica-cw Asasel

wmtrsrtms (Estebanlco de Azamor) w n i ^ R R m^, o n . , 8 i b r - 8 A i (Jehoschua Gutmann), ( A ) L.
wtcnRm n ^ w t * I I ( S * I M S tfwAten Rtitw i t%R Air-ieoto Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews,fftew f % f f
f . c t % i wmnt nj Jtm ( Spaniard Cabeza de Vaca) S ^ R n f A (Philadelphia iSsSto f . , f . ffA). Azazel f . ; ( o )
nwntn nncnn wtwinnn f ^ n t i ^ nt%nts*t w t w s p w t f nenn nR Hans Bietenhard. Die himmlische Welt im
W S M f n nnmatn (The great trek) wtJtAt 4ls?llflcnH i Urchritentum und Spatjudentum, Tubingen
ar^fdt g ( i ) w n R tnntfn wttn^tf^ f ^ ^ t n g . , tnctnw i M i f . , fnetnw f . -bSs -a ii8; ( 8 ) B . J . Bamberger,
Sources inedites tTtR, Ricard, Etudes tTlR; (A) Fallen Angels, Philadelphia iJsffto f . , ffte f f f
- 9 w f w Villes et tribus du IVIaroc. xi. Rigion des SîtnfA Azazel 5.; (ff) w m t f , i t . , b o ; (to) cnn^,
Doukkala, ii, Azemmour et sa banlieue, mtlnn w t f f n , A (nt^nm) s o8 [ O A I w e m i o A i ft., i n . , i n o ; ( n )
iSsoA % (i^twAtRf^ w t t t t wcnnstt wtnf%w); ( o ) Ch. Le m'ntf, wmttfn-mwtfnn, f . O A ; ( b ) H. Ritter, Das IVteer
Coeur, Le rite et loutil. tJlRn i5o5 % i der Seele, Leiden i5ffff f., f .ffo5;(5) IVI. Gaudefroy
R. Ricard (E.l.^) ia. R.-an. w t s f n n t ^ tnnt Demombynes, IVIahomet, Paris itffn f., f . o8n i
'v6||*i|^=1 ( j j j i ^ ) g t n n t f n-fntnc, w t ^ ^ c G. Vajda ( E . L 2 ) - 3 (m.m.D/SASnfSfn A S S
fnwitww c w t t nt Rt^ ( f n w t n ntftcn -at ntenn Scgn ntt) i *ltll^ i j j ] ) % f n w m f e n n wtm to gi8--an tf%e
-at MMST w t ^tntc? <ltc<iM<t Azazel t ^ ^stew t f s t f n (w)-'fln f ^ r w mnmn-otcs f t f w m n i f'nwten -at
(Leviticus, xvi. 8. 1 0 . 26), ntAin w < nsn n^ffnn'Jn! mcnn f i a n -awtnt (to SHS) nftntcA i sitcsn (Gen. i i g Ato)
(L. Koehler, Lexicon in Veteris testamenti Wfnten t f n t f t n (w)--3n f t w ntn cmA (Terah) : wtmn
Libros, 6 9 3 ) i atfw wstT -at CT, fnnntncnn n^tstnr t n n t ^ f n w S w n m w < n m f 4 w n n w n m -annt f f w n ntn i
nftcncnn wsfintter^ w t t n ^ A [(Enoch ^ t n n t f n (wt)--9n wfssntetn new tm tnntftn (W)--9n t n w n t n w s m f s m
m f ^ l -3 n t f f f n tt^tstn wtn mtnjtw -a n t n t t n w An i f f f n n t n , (MM m'fm (w)--iin w m n t n t f s t f n w n m tm
wnfmcn wtntcsn ( Azazel) Rwtjw C5Knttw Snnt (Uzza) - a f t SmR-8 ste men i w m n - a f t f f ? r f t ^ -ant f n w e n s
-a W i m (Aza'el) [fnfnn n ^ nc Atsr ntniw (s.)]-ifiin f'wtmnntw--an wtfnmfss i nttesen cmnt mn, w m n Aoff ntnn
nft W W fnn n t f f I ntAt A^ns, A t f A s t c - a t w r n f t nt-snt f R fln-anttnfsmn stfn^-a mSR tAS ATsnm--a WtAtn f ^ AS
ntn cn, fnwtfw Antn fcn t n f n (5.)-^ ntn t i n "wtntfn i -iit (Genesis, i i s -oA) i nttencn w - 8 Semn W C A , W I C S A nnn
A i f AHSS n m t n t t A ^ t n n 'wtnstn nn fnntntn, -annff tAtn fn fw"--an nest Sn (ur) "^cw tfntenn ( f f n ' W ) fness
f n n e s n f t ^ ntn w t n - f f n wtn-tnnt^-nnfnn -fc? i Ri^nw w wnn t n n t f n -a ffnntenn wmtm nmm-a wtmn n e t
[ t n n t f nnntnfCAs nfncffnn:w t n f n , 'wtntfn n n w t n flenn (Genesis, i i s -si) i f n ^ n t | f ifQwcns n < ^ S f n
liit'sfn wenn tntwf ntn i Ann wtntn (wt)--9n f c n f f ^ "wnn -^fwAtRns t f t A i f n (tfwtan-fAlfsm, f . 8 ) wtmn
f f n f c w fifCfn nnfw fln i t n f n c ^ w t i t A wtwtnt ffstfcw nnn Affo ntnn Rtt'tntcAn i S ^ fe^ Riff stmcA s ^ J
WtAtenn n n f tnfs^ nsfnnt f l i l t w n i cn m Atntn n w nn Jjl w f t wtfnA" f n R flenn w m n ) -ant ntf^n--an
mtnfnm stfwflw nsfnntfin, fns? nnnf f t Atnm n w R t c ^ f^pntntfn-f mwtcnnm'^ntcAg <LÎ ^ \
ffstfcw AJtw cntncntn f f t nsRnt ntf^tntf^ i wnn t f f n c ^ J j ] j j L ^ (wiftt f m n f^tw mn f l n w t f ^ , wwgnn f'wtnsm
wtnntcn nnn w m wtent cnnt s t n -ant cn cnnntn^ tnfss nsfnm tmess wtnm w t s t n ) i wtfnA' -a w m n m f f f w fn?w
s t n I cn w t w wfwtw m t n t n w nsRn ntst w m nnAm itnt wtcntsnm w m S. w t f f n ^ - m m n , i n . , ffAff i f^ n<Rm cnm
nsn An mt i wtmA ^'wtm wtstew wtiitAs 'Znnstj mw f n m e n n rnn, w n m t n n t f n (w)--an mm t i n (nttmn wtAmn m n ,
^^lann c w t w nntm mn ^^Rcmn-snt WtAtn SftR ^ "wimfn I w t f f n ^ n - f m w m , w m i o A V iso8 f., v^n., ffto; wtfn-nnmn
f f g wmf f f t S n n e ^ wtmn (W)-'an c^ftnn nftmn wtmn wmtn, wtn'fntfn- f n w , f n f issoi f . , i n . , 8-oi) -ant
ftantA'^n -ant nens <Mncn wtwttcfn n ? ^ m fnwtf^ ttnwtm wnenm m w t f m e n (mnmn ^ m n ) mme^ ftm nen; f f ? -at
fRnw -stn (wtw-w m t f , w t f t j - i f . ^ b-e f . ; t n f n - w t f t n , nmAtesn nnsfen c w nsifm (ttff) m-amrnnm i
wtn-nntnn, in., i n f . f . ) l - -at m t e f Stn wtffn-m-af-mtmfn-m'wtfnffn-tnmfnm
[w-8 S. 'îf *i, t n w * m ^ ] I ( A / i n., 'o<)--a fnf%ic5n, tm n m -aA wtntew (to g i s )
t n n t f tf^cmn
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44i
w i r o f ( i s i L . . ) tftiftora (wt),ftrro t m , f f f tr t ^ t f t t c f "wtte? c r o ' ( w t r o f f e t ) w t t t wttt? ro t t t T I I f t f ?

RC? I c f f f i wintcw? t t i ( f f ' r o m s ) f c s f w c ? rot ?t?)ic?, t ? t f e t ? t t c f f t ? t t t f i t wi?R-f s,tc?? f t ? I
rote w i r o RRit? f r o t f t ? ^ T I mi wcf? \roti w i r o t i c t ? tttf?ct??itfTc? ftft? ?w?j t t t f r r o i ( i )
W&i i^t%?t%? trcitcfRltroi t r "tfe t f t n r o T I , f t r r t f i r o w r o w f f j t ' i a t ttet f f tfttffcw w?ft?
w i r o tfîliu (wi)-a?i f f e i ? ro ?c? a<ri C f HlUc^ tc? T I ro f c ? I f c t w i ? r ? t f w t ? t r f c f a ? i wi^c?? f c t i w f t w t
^rotrotiwicfi W f f W ?tc f i c f I a t w t j a t t t t c f w t r o t t ? ? t i ?? i ( ? )
w t r w ? f f w f w m f n jwm trft r t c t c t ^ f % t f e t ^ cttwtct? tetr wie?? f f t t f f a f cfctfwr? t t t "wtro
^ r c f (Jashua, 24 : 2) l t t t t t vs r | f fe? f*f?tCt ?Rt t r o ' I w t r o t i t i f t r c ? t i f t ? t i t f ? t f r ?? w i r o ,?ii?
?t?tc?, ct f t f f s i f - t r f t f t f f t t i w t ^ f?ca\si f i t (a. (ttttif) I
Sale, f ?W1C?? W f T O , I- ha, t f f i ) i f ?W1? tT#tct ? f f e 'wt'set? f R ' w c f w t r o R f t ?jt?w ??i 1 tT1t 5fe??
?t?icf, t p i t t t (wt)-a? f tctf ^3 frmrt t c f w i r o c t t Rttfftte? T f w t r o ' ( t r e ? ? t f f t wtit f f f t t t t ? ) f f e f ?
t w t r o wic? t f t a t i r f c f w t r o wtr?tct 'tit% ctct? f ? t t fftf^, w t r o tf??, w t r o f f , w t r o ?i??it, w t r o w i f t , w i r o
f c w f ?ft5IIC?l 'j^ro ( w t r w t r o # ? ) , w t r o t t ? f ? (wtro f ? f ? , s. Justi,
S t f f # t 8 ( i ) f?WI? t l i l t t , 8 18-a? W t f f ? ; ( ? ) o ) wtro tit^tw I
W l ? l f ? - t t i r o t ; (o) ?ltc?t, Genesis, i i 8 ?<b; ( 8 ) w i r o ( r 'wtro') t i f f e t ? t i R g f f t t e t ? t t t i e t ? t f t
Jewish Encylopaedia, i ? t . , 'J. i o i ; ( e ) ? l f f - ? , a ? i t t r o t w a t t f t i t T I t t f a f ffc?? i r f f t t a t t i e t ?
Wlt-ff?1tlW f t f l f t f ? t - f ? W t ? . (b) tft Tlft?, t ^ f f t c f f t i (wi)-a? f f T ff?t?ief ti?T f e ? a?s??t ffc?
ffwt<|t-f?t?ro; ( 1 ) t?? t i f f ? , Pltlf'=1-*Wiro, ( f t . , Hb; ( V ) wtrrfftit fittfc? I
w t t t f t , w t f t t , i t . , ?<2- t . ; (fe) rWlft, ftRTft-Wltfet, fltcr fffit 8 t t ? f wfwttttf^, ttl f?ro-t flff-', ffiw
i o o f e f t . , ^. 4 i ; ( i o ) f f w f , t f f I t , o i V ; ( i i ) t t ? f l f ? , ? I t f - t C t ? - f t l Stelngass W f f 5. ( i ) W t t - t t f % f ,
W l t - f f e t t t , >a?1?-t?T?1, i t . , i 8 ? ; ( i ? ) t f ? W t t l f f ? , f ? i w t - t i r o , f T f t f t i v i i f , t . , 8 i f . ; (?) % r o ft?nt,
Wlw-wtfft-flff?, ?t., i8; ( i ) S. Fraenkel, in ti^scro titi?, t t l . f w w t r t i r t i f , c w ^ ifeo b-^., v ;
ZDMG, - b t . , 1 ? ; ( i 8 ) A. Jeffery, Foreign ( ) W l t - f ? i f , W l t - W i r o W - r f f f l , R l t f f t t i V I V ''t., 'J. 8 ? ;
Vocabulary of Quran, d'O-act; ( i f f ) J. Horovitz, (8) T t R i t w t ^ tftt?, t l ? t t f ro t r o - t f i f t , cw?ro iî^ss
Koranische Unter suchungen, trd-^rb; (ib) f ? ' M t ft. ( f t t f ) ; ( e ) 1^ c t t f . Old Iranian Calendars,_^^
"Wltg^, W t f f f R . i i H t ? , fl?c?t i . 1 f t . . I t . , (f<2--(fV; ( i l ) ifeV % e?; (b) B. Vincent, Haydn's Dictionary

Sale, English Translation of the Holy Quran, of Dates, t ^ iVfee ''t., % Q-b^, fe; ( 1 ) R. Scharm.
fee; ( i v ) t t t r f t - t f w l f f f f t - t t t t f t t j t , i/?, fe I Kalendario graphische und Chronologlsche
Tafeln, t i t f f t t , ifeoV ^. i l - V i ; ( V ) Jewish
A. Jeffery , W I ? f t - t l f f t t t ? ? 1 ? #
Encyclopaedia, t ^ f f f t ? f i f e o i it., iV8-e;
(E.1.2. Tft. t1.t.)/ troi/Ctl8 CfSflft f t t t
(fe) Encyclopaedia Britannica, fet RS., 8 f . , bb%
^srtfRi ( j j i ) 8 t i T T t f , f f ? t r f c f ? ?c?? t t t t i t I
et;, T i l ; ( i o ) S.B. Burnaby, The Jewsh and
ib Wf, '!s?f. ?tCW t ? l f ?? f t t t f ?? a t i i o l f e '^f^
Muhammadan Calendars, =T5? i f e o i f ifeS;
f w t f t f ? ?<itc?? t n ? a t ?'itc?? f f e t i t j i f i t o^be f f e I
(ii) Wustenfeld, Wiesbaden, Verglelchungs-
w t t ' S w f t t f (Leap year)-a? f P I ? ?? t i t i 'HfltlC?? f t w t ?
tabellen, ifeî 8^, v e I
W t t l f f ? t t f t f f t ? ? f t ^ f t ? t i c f t t ? fc?? a?s w f t t e f ?
t ? R H t t i f ?t?l (ti.ti.t.)/a.a?.at. Rt?f5? t r r o fast.
t b t ? f c ? ? I a t t ? c f i f f e w t t i f ? s t ? a f t t ? t r e ? t<it
w t f s f ? f i t ( f t t ? ? f ? ? i f 5 . t i f f e f w t t l f f ? C5??if, f i T i r t i ? , (jji) s r i ^ , t t f i r f c t f t f f , wT^t
i i ? t1./t1b i f e - C f f ? l f ife8, CW??R ifeo) I w t ? f ? f H c ? t f f f ? f a . f l f f f f f e t ? # ? f f f W t f f f f t r o sfctwt,.
fi?tf?5CT? t e t r t r w i W G f # i w ?fTrtef i f f C t ? ctia c ? f t f f ? w w f w I f r o ? ? f - w i f f f i c ? t f f f tie?
w i r o ttet? f t t f f e R ^ f f T - f l ^ t i w ' t l t f f s t ? f t t t f f e fftt fffttw ??, f f f t f l c t t t f f t f f tfct? r f t . fca? t e t r w f ?
?? ( f ? w ) I w t r o t i e t ? ( w t r ^ f t t t f ? t i ? - a ? ) ??t a?s t t t f t f ? ro ^ s f l c t t o f i fic?? T I fca? tetr w f ? i
t t t t f ffjjcttt
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^ mat f W T F ' w f ( w n t s ) . cnffn^ n R n t n # 5 (wfwf fAtmn encfn mm A C ^ tmcss wnenn ten mtnn mm
cA3tn iooi t . , otoo) I W W f f t f r n s t f f ^ t c m r w R n t f w n I fffnntn fen fwR tsies>s fffa ^tnsfn fnntnw w n i
1 f n w v i A f ' w s f m m t n w w c s f i n t i m n wlwrnm? m ntnn f n tnm fnnm cmfnfn-wtm m nifnfn- Sm' i
nnn c n f R f ^l4iw<i w m n r cfias t s t n t9m W e n -ant c w wfwtwtA, f . 8 o o ) mnts fnntnw nRmn ntnm f4 w n i liit
csstn cnta t n % t n ( j . L i ) f n t ^ n n n w 1w f n Wfn-at ttf nnn ntfnn ttCAS 'Jnmntftf msw f f f f n wn nm f n m
c n f t n f n n c ^ t s t n n t n t w e n n i fwtn n n n w n n t f n e % ? n ^ n n mtAtennfmct mnfnnit*(mftmnfnnmimmnff) ffseafs
t t n n f n w ntwt ' w f n t ^ f f n f t t R e t w f c n n e ^ W f w fness nttefln i fwR mtstcn S f f w stcn wntn f m n ne^f
^>wj*in ^ê -sisjiAf ensnt An i ^stmnt t t n n ' ^ i f s f f t n s n ( f . ntmnntmenn fen wmnntnwtn nnn nsesn (ntfns ttmenn
'wmn w n t - t 'wnntf, i A ) -ant enffn^ cftait ^ f t t t n t n ctnmcf ii(?o/wrgmf mens nrnmcf i n ^ i men mtAten stent
fnw^ ^ n e ? i ntAtm t m ^ w t f n m w1nni%, wfcnne^ nsesn mx Ato fm-ft"'^, iiffo/ is nts, i n s i nten w m ^ e w
c n f f n f t i n f mt mmm t m n n n w m t W t e n n b ^ cnsnn mfts An; Lockhart, is.n f.) i Wntn tst^ 'wwm--a
'cnffn^' n m s t i n t f f tmnnTtn w n e n -at 1%'tnnmt emeain ffRm wenn -iintfn fîw?R tnsnmen nnfw ?tnn nscsn i mfns
^ n n e m ^ S ^ n m n n t f n f l e n n -inv"fimtn cnm w w t e n ttcAS t f e w n n (^^nrnm-Snm, iitoo/ijj-Ao insn) tn
n w m f e n R e n n ( m f n ' w n m w m - t 'Wnst^, f . ios, S ^ A R R "wf tiA, tsntfn tiA, tiA t n m f n tiA fntnntcnn nsss
tTlfn) I l a t s n n e j f w m n f n s i entcan f f fnmenn cnntnR^tfn flenn i mncten f f n "mff msn^ nsfnm fnwnnm>JtAt nsenn i
fnnnnfnntcAn i f n s n n ^ f a . w f f n w t A , f . o^s , o ; f . wntesn R ^ mewn "R^tR ffsnt wtm mt i w f w t w t A
Otoe 1 >s AA, f . ototo, Wi i otol, Wi A (WntCSn f n m ) ; f . otoi ftrm f f n ntfnn tte^ tRmn cnt^ fnt ntAf mnc^ (fnR
otob- AO iff ( f . sj. ono, ^ il), onto, m i ( f . f . iiStoR nten tnnnsjen flenn, Rieu, i t . , ic!.o)wmnSfW
siff, ?3i A8) 8ito; f m e n n nem c W c w m f ^ nnm s # f wtjtn Seat fsntcAn i wfsttwtcn soo f t o fwR fnfinie?n,
nsfnenn nntm mn nmens w e n t s m nsfnntcAn; nnt g. f . onto, l a f f n stfn^ 'Smm, fffR nw nw <t>Rcns mf|em tnn w n
i f . sAi, ?aito I w m n (wfwtsnntA, % otos, ?af n) f f n w m iflRtfAtcnn W f f m nt nsenn i f f n ^^wtnwtw StntA WJtcA
n m e enenn, f f n ttA f f W ^ m n n m^Ftfn t m r n n e n nsffm ssm m w n i f f m nsrnn fmmfR f f n f n mfnm
( i o o e - i i o f f / i t o s . 8 - i n A A ) s i f ' A - m f , iiA8 ft. t f W t e n wf, fnmn ftwrss'-iiin fnf& "^cw f%^ mw snmn i f f n mw
wnptAn nsenn; f ^ f . soo, w iA-cw iiAS f t - n ^ e n iios ft. Atmn nsRm fftnAt ( O J J . . ) fnntflenn mm t f W R f^senn
R f f m c i n I w f f W T i A s S f f f a n t w e n n atnntns m f n m w t ' w nsen Rnt "^m ntn i t n n f w n n nsffmisR-a AS ff^tn^
t t f n f n f f n w (^j. n) i i A 8 ft.-css w t t f n w fnntewn i f a f f Atsiflt, f f ? f-sntn-t wntesn m-gRf^ -atn f n t f ^ f i ;
nnft f f W ^ntnens ttf%f<f t t n n m c n n R f S n f , t A t t m m n mnfcsn nnmffir?rttestost t w -aft w r n t w n (f-s-mn)
n f n I f f ? w m n f f f Sn ?ien f m n wenm f n f s n f w r nRstcA 1 tme srm f t twrfs^ ntmn sftsteA (fstff fsnnctn
n T A ' f f w t n t e n n f f m R n n nsm f i a n ^Rnte?n; tAtew fnn=fm wtss. Oriental College Magazine. ntCAtn, Wt^ i!oo,
s t m f m n nn nfnntn fsi-iii R w s w w r i f w n s " w f ( w m n ) ton; A^ftffs ffsfs, Rnn mtegf, ntnfs nt onos; f f f n ,
f m n f n e n n c s t f t n w w m n f w n t f m s w n i n i A f f ntn "msf ttgfnf^ fftis, ot., AiJj) I
w n m n n n m wncntenn f n ft. iioe ntenn f w m n ntenn ntAntf tSfJF-fntntt (ntssnn i i i t o
R.)-iflra f n snn -snt
ntnrmtff t n n n A R w R w f n n t f l e n n ( w R t n n n t A , f . otos) i (?m <Mf nl, ttnm "sfmf f f m fstn f n f 'S}c?n wf^,
latwnr i i o s / i s A A ninc<ct w n t e n n w n m m nfne ^ c n ( a . w w t f f n -asswn S ^ mens fnstet stfnrnn An m (m-snm
ffwrnm-t-cnrnjim, w m n R n ^ ; w s. ttn-t w n ^ , Rfns Atmn tm, tm-t wmfmn--a ff^stcAn, f f n (wmn)
^. (î>) I mfnn ttesn t t n m n e n n stnn n w f m n f ^ wnnnm fntwtf flenn i f m s Rrnrn f s m w f fln, ff? wtmew w<n
w m n m S n f n mnênn ^^wc^ m n t m mw w n (^^n-t nftnm f ^ mgt i "stm s ^ , fstn mwt f n f w ftnten
n t f n n , i i s v / i n o t o n n , Sykes, A n . , Affs i w a. -ant tAfesst f s j s wnn ffw^ nfnm ttr nsfnew sten i
Lockhart, Nadir Shah f . Sito f . i cntntcn f n c n t c n n ar^ n t w r s f f n w fwR Seat nsfnnte^n, "wmn
W t R n AS t t n m , i i s v / n t ^ iioto f i a t nftstcA) i -itt nnn nnn ntn fam ttn "^m sfaet e%A, wtn w R Snwtntetn nsm
f w n s " w f t f n t n w e n n i f t n t n n f n ( i i f f o / i n o b - ) 'Wnmft stew nnfm ttnm ms nsRmflmn -ant w R ntn n f t f n
mitenn f n f B f m n f f m t R n n n *(<cn f f n f n R i f m " ^ 1 ^ nnn {l^ j_^) ^te t R t ^ W ci^, w t n snfn nsffmenn
t n n t f ff{|ew
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Contents
wm llt'l?l<!l?J>stR
f T s t T I mi Wtff f r w t r a ? f f t I sfftrai rW^ (5. wi?-?i?ftf)

wstftra # ? f f f t t f t t c w f f f ? t f s f ? f f t I w r i f f t f
"^nrt^ (o^^jji) ( ^ r o f , f'f''; ^ r o f ww?
f f - f f f C T ? slMltf"5?? f f t I flTCf? tCSf wtfl? ftWlW f C 5
WtTtft), ^C f f ? f 5 f^twttttfg, W f R ? t w t , f f t f f f
?lt, f f l C f ? f5?t?f WC?J? ftfS IstCW f ftwt f f t I
cwftw f f f t w f a f t t f t , f ^ ? 4 f s i w r f t w ^s f f e f w fwftfft
w?i?e?? ftttet f f t e t ? Wititt-fite?? ftt t t c f wtfw
a f fft? f f t t I at f c t ? ff?b? a t ? wttwe? ftf? f W t s ?
s t f f t wt3ct? f f t t t e f ' j t f 'jtfwte? ?'ftf3R5i ftrow f f t "
f? Wt I ^ WtT? Khera azarion f t c w e f senecio
(% 8 ) i?tfttfftwe??ftftfttwtftifi?fegtwief,fftf?f
vulgaris-a? t W f f WW? Wf Wt1?t Groundsel W t f ?
ffft (f ttet fe?? I t f c t i t # ? %
iii8/ii<!jo ivse) 'SW
ffit (B. Langkavel Botanik der spatern
tStJt ft? I r 8 ? ( Rieu) I
Griechen, ibbb f , f . H8; I. Low, Arcimalsche
# # f f f t ? ftptnt <3 t?e?tisi? ?^ft? wtjt?w ftt tftiw ti?=n
Pflanzennamen, ib-sfe 'J. 8 s ) 1 W1?t c t t f e t ? t f t t ?
fW TI I twc i i f e ft. W t ftew? t f f r t W W W? I 8?o
t f f C f f t ? f f t ?e"f? bupthalmos, fwR^ f c t t - a ? t e w
<jf? a e t t t f fC3t f ? T w t f t f t f ' W f f f t t f (ff?wt wf')-? Wtw Calendula Officinalis, f W f t ftWCt f&frw
t f t w w t f t ' w f t w ' t W C f ?1fw tt?tef, t w w t t i g cttt f W wtew fte? I f f w t e w at f e t ? wtw?, ? f f e ^
^ t c w f t t (tWf% w t i?ofe ft.) I Wf?ifWC? 8i(t < j f ? fet fa M f e S H t t t w t r ? f t t ?ft?tcf a?i fe? t r fit 1
W ? f f w f t - a ? f f T w t iib-e ft., 8 ? ? [ f ? 8 f f c a fttw wt?? fSftsw f?^te? ww?f? t e t t f i t t f , c r t f t f e t t f atwtf
f T W t t l ^ f e t ? f f T W t i i f e ^ ft. ftetf t w tttlcsz. i cw? cft? t t w e t ftctfbw I at f f w r f t f b f f sw ft^wct? f t t t ? c W f t t w
ft#iffe ft?w T t f f W f f t f f - ? w t f t f e w f f f t w c f ( w t f f f t f ^ f f ^ f f t w wffwef I f s f t w ftwt W f t t e ? cf?t t r ?
ww^, i ? b - i ' f t . , ^. (ta(t) I W W ? f t f f ? f f i w e t ? c? f c a f e ^ wrewt f t ? f i ? trsf ^ a?s ttft, t f ? f f # t t t
f e w t f f t t t t f ? ww?t f r ? f f i t ? i i f e ft. te? f f f w T I I ffwtffw ^ w 1
Ethe-? ?'=ftif?tc? Wtr? i i f e f e / i Hba t?w f f f s flet? (ff?f5 sTffft S ( i ) t ? f t - W t w T ? , wtft, f W ^ ( i ^ f e i ft., it., i>!s;
W t f , t?,tit-b-8) I w t f f f w w ? a f i f t f W ? f w f w f t t w (?) t f g t - ' R t O t t t , f1W?1, W f . t l R R ^ f C t t , t l t f f t ib-^>!3
t t t t C f ; Bland, JRAS, I t . , 8 ( f - ' B f e ? ; fet., e i - a f f f t ? it., ?>!3fe; ( ) f T f f f (Wustenfeld). it., ? H i ; ( 8 ) L.
fff???tsitî Leelerc, Notices et extralts des manuscripts,
f f f f ) i ( i ) Lockhart, Nadir Shah, t ^ ife^5b ^r,?t., v; ((t) Meyerhof and Sobhy, The abridged
(?) Rieu, Catalogue of Peersian MSS . in British version of "The Book of Simple Drug" twitft,
Museum, "=5. \ S H 8 ; (\5) Pertsch, Verzeichniss der it., i8>!3 f . I
Persischen Handshriften der Konigllchen

J. HeU (E.I.2)/
Bibllothek zu, f t f t t ib-vb- %, ^. ^ ? 8 ; . ( 8 ) W W ? ,
w f f f w w f , c t t r t i?fefe ft., f . f . f f t f t w i ? 8 f e ft., f . f . , ÎfMflU'SfH ( J J i ) s w w t i t r t w ? ( o L ^ L f jjl)
? t t t ? w w w w f t f f w f t.?efif?w, cw??t? i t . , W f W ? t t t w?ew? a f t f c t f ; (^) a f t cttfwctw t w s f w t t l f fwwa 1

i v D ' B ^ f . , ?t., i b - w, f . f . w f w t W W ? f t t t f t i e f t f f s ,
( i ) fttew? f ? . f c t f , t t j f f ? W f f w t t ? W f ? ftwtft?
c^ i t f ? f f ; (e) f f ? t f ^ , Oudh Catalogue, % (jLSLlL, J j i ) WW f t f t t t i C f W I t l t t t t l f t ? ,
W f f t f W t f
i ' b i ; (b) 'wTtft-ffwtft?, Catalouge of the Arabic ( j l S L ^ L i j j l ) t w t t c ? W f f ? W ? W H (jL^L_,jJi) ^

and Persian MSS in the Oriental Public Library Atropatene W ? ? I t f ? ^ Adrabiganon, W C t f ?
Bankipur, b - t . , ffSW i f e ? ( ? % , % i V ; ( ' I ) Ethe, Bodl. W i f r f t w t W ? Atrapatakan) f t f t WW? WW?W?Wt
Library Cat., i t . , ^ ^ b i ( t s t i t ^ b - 8 ) ; ( b - ) <^ c t t f . (jLi_.L. j j i ) I a t f c t f t t ? W t c5t?te?R a t c w f t t t
Catalogue of Persian MSS, in the India Office (Atropates)-a? W t i f t i w WW ^ t t t C f (Atropates)- 'wttt
Library, ^'<<hh8 ; (fe) WW? f ^ T T t ftfff f t t t ? ft?, w f?(f" I t f t w t e t f W W ? (jJi-ti j j . i ^ i ) - a ? wtsFtef?
r
^ - t W f l W ? , i ^ f e ' s f t . , % bd; ( i o ) Sykes, A History t t ? w f t w c w t t i f c ? ? ('s?v ^. f . ) a??, atwc? f f t f
of Persia, ? t . ; ( i i ) Storey, Persian Literature, i / ? f t e t ? t l t c w ? f ^ - t f T 5 t Cftet wtft? W W t f t (Media
t., b - t i f. I Minor, Strabo iit., i , i ) t s f W t fC?? ( f .
^ s t t ^ f W t f (w.w.t.)/a. a t . a t . wtri? t n t ? fast t ? f t - f W f W , Wfw, it., i H ? O W t - W f t t f C v o , 'J. S
t t w f ffScfi?
t.ft.VHO
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ass
wmmm tnn ft>eTimtff (^-s^jj ^J^JUJJOI f f m-sntf (g.)-tetn w t t n n neS (-sn-o-8-jj-s/s.b-s-iono) 1

-atmtmft-ifin n t n m t n t t f r n n w f m ntw w mt (tn/i i t t m f n -siFc^ -snn cnt^'f stten f g i^g nen -ant tes.
ntwflnntcgnnft^fAimn'Snntftssnmf ? t f ^ A s I lattfnntcan Scftemtj nttrra ntn^fssenn w f e n w t n t s n t n w w f n w w 1
ctn nstnn m t w m -^Pisln winwteninn (Gaius Julius w t wmtnntnwtenn t m f wnettff -s 5tnwsfnmn ntnn wtm
Artawazd ) ov fstc=n cnicn f s m n t w n i ntwjR tcwmcm f f f f -antw t f n t w AS I ( t o i / i i o - b men wtmnntnwm
wtntt-llcHs nncn sRnt RntRn (sttfn tiÂicns w m f . Pauly wtwtcn^ tnfnftenn [Eldigiz g . ] ( w e t ^ t f w w m Eldiguz)
Wissowa, Atropatene) i ntntfcnn wincn wtntnnmwm nten wten ntmn n t t n n t t w m t f f (g.)-cnn nft sifwf^
mm ntnmntn n^^^ ttfnw A t -ant -at wtnenn ctnwtcn tAt f s m tt>entfsnn tiA w t n t f f n (-5jAA-b/iAAff-oi)--as wt^pnetn
mn^n-CAtnlnnn ntetn wfnmcn sfnnt ntn (g. Marquart. n t f f ^ wtnn t f s t t n n nsff; tte^; tt-sntfnnn tiCAS t n t s t
Eransahr, % i o b - - i 8 ) i wtnmntnwicnn ntwntf % fn-ia nemnens wttnn s^ AS I f n t m Am's (-i)es/iA<tto)--an
(wnnt ntntnt^--ii, ntAtn nft ntntcnn (Sninnt,:Amn .nRn-fc^ wttnens nesf nc^ wtntsntnwm wtfntsm ( w ^ m wm|,m) ê
w n f ? w ) sstntnctcnn nm^nr ifwnt nt-snt rnn i tAtew m^ ffsm t f s f s ^ ffnm ntftcwm c ^ tfsnw AS I stten
fnnrtw w1?t n f f n f l n , n t n t f n f n f w n n fntAtnn wtentACtn nernnenn nnftm f l n mmtm (g.) -ant tes w t n f n (g.)--a mm
n n n t A t m<en nttewn i n n n f w n Bitharmats, ntRwj m t f f ^ fnens -ass fnntt csseg tfsnw AS I nemn
Thebarmats (-ann w t n w - t fntnnm)--an f f i t t f'fn wtAttns t n n f winftn ( g . ) - c n n t n wmrnmswrn t f % n -^tew
wtnttfffitmtm-at w f ^ a t m f n w nmt "^ntfln i s t w j t t w ffcnnens ( w t ewnf. fg.) w t ^ c s n f f n f Ig. ] mm
"wmnenn wtntnntnwm fnwn iv-AVôsi-8-o n m n w nnenn wfff AS, ntAtenn ntwntff f l n -iffcs (ibo-s.ob/
nem fnRgwtcn stnte? i ntfmt "Snm (m)--an wtncn i-Slb-iffoA) I
A m m m tffn-ntnm n ^ nnt An en, fwfn tnAf^snt^t "^cw wtfnnt S.O I / i f f O A men wmtnntswm wtnmfenn ? t f n w n c t t f -s
wmtnntnwm w n nsfnntflenn; wmtm wfwnm ttA^tfS "stew ? t f n t m f wtnsfn^ wtntwtf m^Ftftctn stmn f < -s fnnncTOt
if5bi(n-s Atslfin I Qmtnnstntn^pte5mnftnf%^^RntfimnntAm t f n t w AS 1 tcwtnem i f f i 8 -s i-bo-o f f e ^ nem 'S^ntf
n t w m f f l n wtnntfen i f w R b-,00,000 fnnAm fncw n ^ f f t t w t f f n -3 stem?nn wmtm w t t mstnm ntn w 1 ttA
Atsif|e^n -ant "wtnnnn nsiAtess-s ntne^^ w r s ^ nsfnenn m , wtnsm ^ w s s t t s n j c n f n R m t fnsstffir s n , f f ? wtnstm
wfrtnf^n -e tAtew n m ^ wfttntfnn n w n f ^ s ^ten -ant wtsRctn nnes ( i i - o e - s V i ' i A A o b ) 'SAîif t t wmtnntswm -s
ntntntnm, ntntnm -s ntw nmten ntntnn f f f e n n n s n n "stew tnenm tf%mt3n 'tfmm w f n w w , wnn mfns t i A wtAfcnsess
wnntnm"=tcss n ^ nsnt " ^ e n -atstn stfwjffw cnn 1 nftmn w 1'
wtntnntnwicnn wnntmnf ( t n m cnt stew n^ nttms ^mfn tm me=^ t t n n w n n sttn fne^ wtnstm wtnm tm
wtnsfnns wmm nstt nfnw ( w m - n t f - f n f , % on^; wtnntfcnn wtmsstnwten fmgtA w n -ant tssfs>iet cm (Khoy) --an
f n f e l o f t wtnm) I 'wmn nnnmnn fnfw^ w ^ nnfw -^tnn f | f f f n t wmtm cttassimn wmtsntnwtens fnfw^ wtet-ssf
<^^sst(|W'^, w t n f n wnscn ntntfn-wtff, ntntcn n t f ^ - n t f w t , ?ttn w 1
Snfnnt vênn nffen f s n t f n "wtft w - * n t s f t w t f n 1 wtAtst snwmtets wttenens ncf net wtntnnmwm w r f
a R t emfn wnntmncns nft f n f ^ f?tntf|cnn -ast 8f/ion Si5stfss>ifcns i^fwATStf sinAle-t tfnnw An 1 S ^ ntftnm ntet
t w t f s nmwten ntwntfnne^ f f ftnten nm nsnt ^ (fn^tfsw ^tsi^mes #ntestt f n f f s AS wtsm n f (Araxes) sntnn i b A b
fnnsenn w m s. ntfnm w n m inîf, mn t t m n - t "snnm, i t . , f. (ffntnmn--as nf%) 1 fse^sn f t t f t m f n r s fnîfnw An
-at., CA3m iSsAb-ti. f . ) 1 mat i ; i 8 f. -ant f s m ttesn wtnen ttnnj wintntw tnen S T O
mst^ (g.)-ian fnegtcAS nn wtntsnmwtenn Snn f^tnt^Ftcn -assft f f wnm fsê mf?m cnn 1
fnn^n f ^ ^ ^ nc 1 -at stenetn c t n S m m f n n w ^ n n is>o(t f f e ^ t n wtmnnmwtenn sfffnfsn'f tmnj fnitcn
(Aito--sin, bbSi.-s.As.) flenn n t f n n (g.) ntmm fncwens nem -ansft Sftnn ffnnn ttnn w n 1 i s . o b menn o -afsm
fnegtesn nsen R f ^ ^ rnn I f m e n s twenn nnwtntnntnwten ^nmntRf flslt fcBcns nfsw-ass mmen wrsfen?nenfts5
^tfn tm?p n t t n f c s s w f m n m t 1 m f n f mnnm (wn wtnn S t f n e s t n f A n ^ fnnm ScRFct wtmnnmwten stent w f f ?
w s f f ) - - a n nn wtntsntnwm n t f w f nwntenn (g. n t f f n t f f n ) wfAtm f n % w^[Atew enttten WtAtcns wn?m fntff w -ant
ntnnrf i^Jisfsi-r t s n f s n m n nfss w f s f w -sn 1 msntfenn t n i < i 8 - i i f. t ^ ^ f f c n s f t f n ^ tte^ 1 f e w ^ t n ^
tnmf ffsemn
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did
wtftw? W? T t , ?5R^s T I f t t w ? I f f (ifei<^ f?

f ? t K ? ? t f f f ? - f ? T ? f f t t t t e t t WW t i t f f e ) , c t t c f f f f p i f t t f
wtT?t wt?t?5t?wt? wttf ?5W a ? i b- ^ w t f f t f f f t t wtfftt fwwt^ffettwtet f t t f w e t t f t t f f f t fit I wtt-Wftff;
wt^ffrt a f t ftfe f ? f ?fitfwftw?5w I err? a t w t t
f ? ^ ms-'H cft?, f?ffw, a t ? ft ww??rft? (wrfftet? f w e t )
wr?r??r?wr% w w s w t w r s tttffe fbcfi? t t t f t e t i i ^ f i wrcftftt? w i t ftwe? f t r f f t w e w i W f c w ? twrfwe? ( f f ?
{ f ( ? i ? e OT't^ f f e t t t t ( t ? ? f f e fftr ftf) f f f tt?etT? a e t i t t f w r f ) wtw??r?wt?-a? f ^ f w w w?wwr (Parthav)
f??at f t s t f t f f e T I I iJi>8i 'f^tw? t t ? r ? i f ? t ? (5. t ? t t ) t f w f f f w f i t I f f T f t - f f ? ('io/i8o)-a? b-fe fit? wt?rt
ctffwefs ^ t t wi?t??r?wrttf t ^ t s e t ? twftff t f ? trt f c ? w?tfw wffeevstr? vs ^ f w r c f wt?r??r?wr?-a?
wffer? f e ? I a t t t e t ? w t r c t t t ? t r trcwr? f t r ? t e t r wif?ief ,fcwt f ? t ?tîc6i. 1
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tpSfttfe T I I t r f f e ftcôc? 8 ( i ) WWR t f c w ? t f w t - f f f f e ^tcw f i t ?
c f e f t f t f f t f t t 8 t f t t??rtttf?f-a? iife "^{f? t t ^ t r f t ? i f - a ? f t t f R f ? vg (c^) W W R t f ? t f w t f f C f ?
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f w t f t W W f ; ( f o ) f W t t ffettW (ffeftc?f); ( f i ) w t t ?ft?; ffttw^tte? I
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t t I f w e t ? f w w f i t f'js t ^ f f f t t ? f f e ? w t cwa5'(ts?w ctctiwch< '2?fff ftc\6c? f i ? w ^ * f t vs f f f w f t t e w j ?
t f f c t ? f f f ? tf.l; f f f t c f t r f f w t t v s W f w t t ( 5 . ) - a ? t w t f w f c t w a t i t r a t w c ? f f ^ w t W t i f c t ? W f f f i t ^
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sr?1#t i ( i ) J . Marquart, Eransahr, i i o i f . , t t t m wftcn f f niftft n t f wtnnnn w - a n t f f n f n s f sfcntcss

i o b - - i 8 ; (A) P. Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter, b-t., wtntnntnwR men f n s n t t t ^ nnrnn i w t ^ t n m A S , f f
iSi\5A-8 f., s.(j-s.-itooo fcttnftwfg fn# f t n s t wtntmft wnettfts nftw ttnm stent Wntnntnsncnn f f wtnfwfft
5FI[w w f e w S ) ; ( o ) Le Strange, f . i(?>> t.; ( 8 ) V. wncttftn cntntftj nftnte? i ^ (Mudros)--an f ^ Rnfwn t n
Minorsky, Roman and Byzantine campaigns in n t n t n a t t ^ n t f fnntfnnnn nsen w t n cwntenn t n n n
Atropatene, BSOAS, is.88 %, f . A8(?-to(? ( f . E. (Thomson) [ A b ftocn^s, i s > i b ] fnt^niw ncnn wntnmnwR
Honigmann, in Byzantion, iS>88-(? f., obS>-s>o); nnmnc^ -awtat ?tft?t w t n ^ fAnten f f f w mn ênn i fn3ttt%m
(e) W B R t w n n w ? \o|Pi<p|n mj f. R. Vasmer, ?tnwjictn t n i s . A o menn A b -atstn cm nw n t ^ stRcmn
Chronologic der arabischen Statthalter von n j f w t n t f - a f t cntf^cst ntwjntet cntfnw An -ant wtmnmnwR
Armenien, twttf ( i f f o - b b s ) , t%t?pn iS>oi %; (to) nf^fnw^-nsef^tnm fwnft stwtwean nnnen -ansft ntewj tfntw
Ritter, Erdkunde, Sit., i t o o - i o S b ; ( 1 ) Khaniloff AS I is>-oto nten csswtentn c t n ^ t m ntn -ant is>-oto ntenn ff
and Kiepert, Map of Aderbaijan, in Z. f. allgem, twen^n wntsmnwtn cntfwenw cs^mesn spsnwa ntens i t o t t
Erd., ibtoA f.; (b) J . de Morgan, Mission wttstcwjs wmwn ftnten w ^ AS I
scientifique, it., AS>o-oeb; (S.) JpHA^-t ^ t S l f f l T - t montcn atwfwc^s wtswn b n , n o o s'ttfcmfntm m o o mwm
f n t n , 8 t . , is.(?i f. (ailitnfCAs wtfntn, ntnfsstnfA);
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Monaco, L'Azerbeigian persiano, Soc, geogr. ?tfts f f n t n t t r t t M , wnnttim fwn-tnnmtt, wnenftn i A % ,
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S m w s f ^ m f n t t s m , ^c^ttenn n f f t - f n f m w t f t t n f A f . ; ( A ) Chambers's E n c y c , iS.ffo f . ; ( o ) L.C.
nnf^^nnm S t f n <3 wntn tnw ( M M w t n t n n t n m n ntn^ tmft Dunsterville, The Adventures of Dunsterfore,
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sfwr^w (fn-sntn j ; n cttw)--an fnfncw cntt i l a f t stent; ( A ) w m n n r s w m - t t t n f ( f n w m t n n r s w m )
n f f t - t f % c n wcnftn wnscnn fwwcn wnf?w mtcb-sntcnn S ^ - t t % n t s t c n s -assft stent; ( o ) wisissiseii-< stwtwg, t t % n
mmsttfnw stwtwa (ASSR) wntnmnwfn sfwtwcan w t f n c t n , -afrsm-aft MFM c n t , st<pn wtntsntnwm cntfwesw n r n w r n f l ^
wtnfncssnnm-mt--an t t n f i * n n ^ (Scatcmti wcnffs w n stwfwa 1
n t t n wftfnw) ntm wmnntnwfcn -aft mn^stffnw wtsn (i) WTNTNNTNWTN-t TTNFF ? t m t f ^ w n t n n r s w m nrcn
(Oblast) t f ^ ttSiCA I tfnfSw 1 -antnnft S ^ - t f ^ n t s l c H S - a f t S n w m (stent) 1 t m s
-&fwmfnnswrcn -at sfwfwcin -antm W n sftftn c n t w r a f e n wtntnntnwm-t ttsns^ S n w m , S n # m v A n n f f e t f f n f n
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ffcmfntm m 00,800 n'fmtn 1 cntft ^nfntt t m f f s atnnmn ^wtf^ ctrffnfA
ste is>ib- f % H ^ mgtcstj? fln 1 f. wtent 5>o%
stew is>Ao f . ts tm -assft m f n ajwtweas nnim m w ntettf o.A%
ant bSiAA ^ e w >s.s>i tn cntfwesw tSfnnenn nm A.ff%
ft tSfnnn stwtweas w m w n ftmen tfnfsw f l n 1 weîss s v , w t e s ^ A%, cntt=wfsnntt w t c s ^
is>ji f%ren t m n mfmm tpsstfwflwAn wmtnntnwtenn STO
1 fnf^gwtntf ntcm-
m f ^ , S-5n-tf%en wfwm, tf%cn w t e ^ ^ , nfnmt t m n -a ^ sîststt -antsns w R s t f
n t P t m n m t n wnf?w 1 -awifntan nsfwtn ' 0 ^ f < w t j fne^ wmtm = o %
wtnrnfA
ntwntf 8 n t f wtenf bj%
wnnttit 8 H,s>obr,AA8 ( i f f nsncnfne5oA.8%) nmo%
n n f 8 AA siff n^fnttn (jo stfw n < ffemfntm) wtesifn A%
fnwnt 8 t s s n t fff8%,t f f s t f 8-b% wmtm-b%
S ^ 8 nent^ ?m i8,-bffA f 5 (8,8-b-b fntm) I ttnrnm
nsfns ?in vff f5 (A-b fntm) ntnmtat s atlw i , o o o wens wm-Ab ft 1
n f g nnwcnn fnea 1 Tt?T
sjnm wmt 8 wtesf (wtntsntnwtf) t ? Wtf 8 ^ ffjs n m n , ntsm-bb-nenn
sn s f n f n n s o . 8 % mnttmn tsit 8 stfw i o o wenn w m i ft
10% f ' w t m w 8 silw Affto wenn wm i w n
oo%fpt Rf5 ms t stfw i,ooo--as nem oa
n m wft^ i..<t% ntnt fî^nrf^ t f wm 8 i,8'bo n t ^ ^snm
wte^ wte#5^ A.o% f % W Atn 8 i o o %
wmtm i.b-% wt'îff^ ntJi.in'iicA'fl n w n j t n
nt^s^nR^ fnwtwn s -bo cwm wtRnm(UNO).
i ms^sttfnwfitwtwa stPtm "^c mfnwtaft^ n^mjcsn wn'ocsnt (CIS)
i rnn^sttfnw stent ^ c n t f n fnrntn nsesttfrn nt?t ( c s c e )
ipm -assss 8 i ntntw = i o o tlfRs wlffwss 5 ^ WARn (IME)
wifn^fBnfmnnfA tnmf'^nti!l(OlC)
i wtfstf f t n t t n wsfcntwss n t e n t f ^ nt?t
Ao wtfstf-'^fwfs^ fnmn I is>io nen ntfew cntfwenw wiffwss csninfsns R m n smsn nt?t (ICAO)
wtatmet Rswcnn 'smet fnnnft ttfnw An 1 fffn@nniw
vnts wifR^ntffnnn f f j m w n t f t (WHO)
Ai-AAnts m3fnnf ff!fnjl?(WB)
(5> cn fftn fspSfc^ R w n fnnn f - s t f t ^ s cntftn stm w^sCtn wfnns tmsntfn 1 mt
Ab- cn sfgjt! fnnn f n t n r n wnf?w n c ^ tnw{tt ntnmn fnf--an S5wt i8,'bffA
iff'i^r' wifnntsffnnn f t (8,8-b-b fntm) I f n n f f t < t m s e g f -a wmcm stmft
i-b cnntnifsf cntntftf fnnn ntsmstsiifA -at wpiftcs> stiffen. e # n e ^ -ans f m f f n e w
< 'itcîss n t a ntfsf fnnn t f n t w nsfsntcA 1 'Znfbaimn f-stfiw nrn^ wmrsntnwtenn 80%
ib-wcîss mfnwrRnn wtetn-a c n f w ^ ^ f ^ wtc? Rsfffn, ntmn i , o o o ^^cw s.Jsoo

i^ncs^ nsRstnffPT (800 n ^ i,ffoo fnttn) fe^mn w n l ^ 1 8,soo -^cBn
tnmf fmsesnn
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Contents
wmsnrstR
wfSR5 Wsni mm crn^ csrfB wtwcnn "tswi i o Strnnn w m Seanemm tnten nftmeA i i>S)i men tAm
tctn R l cnf 'stm I f%isiwtw n-atf fcsm ncm f|n wettfsw ôn ( t w ^ ff n mn), na
nn^R nm 2|T^ ? wtnmnwgfnRn in ttai Stwmn (twssm i f f wm), nmtsfn^Bsjtfn ( t w ^ i o wtn)f*ie?i nrnAts
fit., -3 ffenn nnniR tfmjt sn i cnttcn ARt, nnfn?tn, namfw (tw^}wm) \
nttnn, ntn tJtfn nm ajtf sn<tin w i tm 8,ioofitwifin^ wmrantnwtens wmtm artffw^ nmens ncm nftstcA mm,
i A , o o o stsFtfwn attfn mtntnffn^n wnwmfn R f e ftjnRs i wtestem-cgtntt mfn, f m , nt, wrm, cntAf, enefnn fnnttt
n f < 3 > ^ s wmtnntnwtenn i , o o o n f n ncm ntai Ai Itn ?nni mm liiffnfnnm Stmnen nrsA^ AS,-mmnn nnn -a fnf^
too mtenn (s>n Rcntintm) i St*t<fc<>Ptmn f m s n n f f m Rftnnmf, cnnn ntn ntft, ^ mnn, mesn tJtfn I
mtnmmnwtcnn S ^ - t i ^ n fn^ -î stnttt Atm nfn^n-fcn i^tntln t f ^ 8 entftew fte?tn fnnnt ntm cnttcn îmR
S'lHsin mncn nfw AtntcA i cntftn mfnnntt n f f m fsfjc-as mRm amt ff% mtewcA i nnst stwtweg f%|w wtt fngrt
wnntftmn wnf? I nnffnc nfsfn cnsmcn mtnwtcn m n ^ ess^nfCA cntftn fs^s, bifAwts t w w t s>o mt Stt^ stm tte^ i
AS I ffA. f^n4i>iSn mR fnît cnsg wmmn f m nfc ?wn trm nmenn fntm nêns w e n wtntsnmwienn
wnf?f I wmmnftn wmwn A 8 n'fmtn ncnt^ nilnwr ASto f t i^fwAffn^wren -iinsft ^n^f ff /îmR n t n m f n@ ftnten
(Hi fntm) I fnm atmn mntnf wtmss i Swtcmi w t m n mn f tfsRo I tm cntRcsw tSfmienn atmn ^sn va we,n?Jtt nattfwn
Ssttcnn f%nwm mn's Scancmm i -at nn wmmn, n f -a mn nnsstAmf cnt I tsm i^tntR f% ^^met fnw^ 8 ^sn Stttnn-a
wtntnntnwtcnn wnlsytStmnn, ffwten ens nm?t -a cmmenm ?wn cmnn i Scmnnemtr ^senn wfnnnttt mtn f n ^tew
c^scBi Seancntnr wnmn ntf^teeA I fsnf'ônensainfeAwnf^w, msfnwten tms tfnmt i fnfnnn
wnntf 8 wtmnntnwtenn fnfw^ wnsen fnfwsf nnsn wmm'snm tn ftnten R f w AtsicA i mffwss titenn mg[n ffoo fnfnnn nn
nntAm nran nsm nm i cnft (snjmn wtnAtant wntenn nem fntm nfnm fnessm ssm AS I snRtnrn mtes n ^ wtnmnmwrenn
cntftew nnft wtnrn'sm wnsn nnn m mn i m? ntfrn^ wrnrnm fnnf^ wnsens twssm srm i o mt -at tnw Semnn w t
fnn'^fnew ffs> wnnAitt (ii cnfêstw) Atew mnwj w3cn AtstcA, wnfitrs>t 'a nnmen'2nnf^ "sten nfnm smm nsm nm i
\5A 5ptcnmAitt(o enfêsf^) n ^ m\-m i fnsffncw^fmmn nwmen bsf^^tcirs wtffnfnsnctn nnw sfnewe? i -awfcwnr
ntcss ntfn^ fftmewn fnwnn ^tnewcn wwj wnn
1 tfvm ^ csn^ttftsfnc^ Sttmn w f n ^ mitm wm
wstfn nfnsn-'^spfn fnnffn ;a Stfnmtf w*cn \r ^stew iA
8 wtntsnmwtenn wrfn nmn wttn sttnenn mtcw mtfw nRmcA i
tfns nmn S w m nmsnfCAS mnenen iA ste tfns ( o o o ^sn Sc^stnn mmntw mmt ?n cêam mmen nsm;^m tte^^
ê s>oo fsifnfntm); f A ^ <iscstiens nfnsntnsfn mfc os> entfn, fsmt, wtenf ^ ^ t m i ^ n ^ mmntw cntfwenw
^tew ffi' tfns minfnsmns^t mmgnn fnnffnew an Ate n tSfnnn, tsm -a wmtm cnct nsm stm ttc^ i wtmnnmwtenn ^
tfns cntftn mnj nmn^cn nsm menn % 5 wff A S I io,ooo cmsmttnnfcss mfw Stttnn w s t AO fnfnnn tn, mms f 4
f t -a wf S w m f ^ t 3 ^ wmmânt fnmw nsen i >^ n w nmAm Ate^cA m i is.s>i-}i)A ffe=n ^ cttnmttnnfesn
Sn3wtmt^ wnscns smsn nn fnmmw -a m f nnspntcsn n^cn Stttnn f^ nnsw R ^ t s
ntnesn fwn-mn mn fsfn mess I iftmR'2n ( t w ^ Sb wm)
w<ffw 8 stram cntRenw ^Rnenn mnmfkw wmrnmswrn f^cwn tn (twssm An wtt)
w f t ^ m "wf^' cmnftt fln m i nwsrten tm i^msft f^testtsrs tJteniftH ( t w ^ ! w m )
ffnfnn cnt i cmt wtfn wten ffn f*tc?m wnmenn tfsntenn cwtfnn (CW5 cwtfnnnA) [twwt b mt] .
fnfsen nm mn, cntft wtc wtc 9nm fness cnf ^ffescA i wmtm Stt^ am (twwt br WH)
tms stmn ftf^ nwtfnfwss f% ^tewc? cmStfnnm srtffw^ f*t?r I tmn nem nRme? wtf f ^ -a wtntfitt tttrnfA
mm I wntj stff^nw te#nn, mnnn f% ntm sffSRitwtwwn fn^t Stttnn -a nmnnwtw gmtR i stfatmtwtw f%gesjn nem
f% wrtrnnfASroran fnsnt mw nsfseel I -atten tfnw rnn, trtemfnn, cwtfnn, Sf^nnttns 9m n m ^
9t9 silff^ss i fnst t w t f n oêw tm tin fne^ ^sniR, f ^ t f t ^ ntnm ?ttf^ f%e?m fswt nftewcA i fsfwf
sfmn '2n Se,mTi<p|f cnt i tm ^n ctrnnRc?in wfttna ncB i s t w 'Jsfifw^ nwttfw, f m t t f n?, ffs^^ff^ ettm^,
nwmen .fm?0 wmfm ?tcn ?nf%c?in f n w t n n ^ ^sn Stmnen cmsnnw fsmnf, nnclt, wmnmtat, etnm, sitmtcsst, Stms
wtnmmnwtemj ff^m nsfnnt enen wmmfn tAm mffs* twn Bnjtfn,^-8wmimn?mn^si?cwnwmntf ctff, ctim^.
tnntf ffjtcsnn
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Contents
-alltWtllHStW
fWf t f w c ^ t f f f t e t a f wwtw w i t f ? ^ w t w t w f f w
(a. The Bangladesh Today, Dhaka, 6 October,
f f f t t e t I ifefei f ^ R t r o t t w t w ? f t f j f % ( R f 5 f f g f i r o ? ? t ? 2004, P. 6, Col. 8) I f t t t t ? w w f e a W t t t W f ? f t t w
fsftr i t t t f R f t f*t?i fiRttiR? t i t j w!j% f i t f f W t t f f t f w ? tew tftwt? a f i t wwwwct? w i t , a f i t tRfwt ,
t t f t t t w f i t W R f t f f H ( W 5 f ? t ife tn), -^tttlt Rtw (RWftt a f t t ffw? 1 f T 3 ? W f i i f t OSfW vs 8V f t t ^ t t f W t f f e I
i ? w t ) t a w t w f i w t t 9m ( R w f T i i w t ) I t f t ? t t t r <iffttc? W f f t w f t f f f f t ? t r a , Wftcw a f t t
w w ^ w a w t w ? wwtft;?! r w f i w t t f w f f t w w t t w:?, wf^ti'i w t ? t t t f e f f t ? f t ? ftffe ?tttc?, WW f t W f
R s ^ t l W W t RWWtt do W t t t t t t ? t t t R offtlC^ I tte bo w t t f w WtffW 1 W f a f f t f t t t w i f f w f ^
R^tjf*f?r-cfftw? I wt^^twt w t w ? %t?tw?R mm w w f f w c f s f ^ t t f w t f f f f e f a t t w a f t t fttftwit? w e t f
w?i??t?iww? tsRttwsr wt-t?W(?n Rt?wr? wttw w w ft?we^ i f ^ f f w t f f f t f f w w ? I W f ? w f f f f ? f t fwf% f t c c ?
%T?1if?t W C ^ f f t ?te f?tftWt WsfwW? f f W f?t I c w S i f f r t , w r ? f f t f f f v t t w r f ?tc t f f ^ f i t 1 ftit
(:fff?1? ' j t f ^ t t r t t w w f R r ? H WW (5. tt?t w f W T t R , t w r f ? ' m ? t f ? f e t e w a ' j t f ^ R f l f i t l t 1 w t r w ffftt,
w t f t t ? - a ? w t , f t f w (Rtt?, WW, ^SEWt-Wt^ ? o o ? f , ftftl R???it,ww?ffegw, f f e t ^ , ?5r, ftfft vs fiwffen? WW
? i - ? v s ) 1 W R f ? f w ? t f l f t i ? ^jtfftT: ffa^t T I I %i?tw?H W f fftn I f t t t t a w t t t w f e W f W , a e r t t G i s f t f
w t ^ c t t -^tcw f f t f t w f f w ?5f?W t t ? ^ f ? W WW? t t w t w f e c t t ^ vs i<i?o fstcR wfftt? wt? fftt? sttt-a? t t e t
? W t I W W t ? t f f f t f ? t cttt ft?W cttftf WWttWW ?SW f t I f i t I iHod f ^ t r tt?ew? f f f t f r f t f f f t I ib-o\b
W?t 'jtt% 800 f w i f f ? f t f w ? ? t t ^ wc?, w i t c f afttai t w t t f f t r ? t f c t f t w ft? I ife?o 'sjfeR t w
ttt^tttt wtc?? f?fW?? t t ? ?tc W Cffftt? W ? ? t f ? I T I , w w t w t w t c t ? wwtifc f f T I 1 ifefei t r ? wtRitn
w t r t t f f f f t w ttcbct fww? vg f t t c t ? c w w t t r ? ? i t ?j?r? i't,i'0,ooo W ? f l t I
t ^ t I !jtt% t t w wtttt? ttt?? w t w w a f ? f t t? I wPt?t? wtttfWirwtetf W H i l H J w f t t f w f a f t w 8 W f f t f t ^
wtc?? w t w w a t Wc?? WW t t f t f f t c w f 1 R ? t t f w t t t f t f t W f ? ?? w t t f ^ - f t % w w?tf I t r c f ? , t w w ,
^?tc cftwr? a f t t fijw, f W f , f f t ^ c r t t f f c r t f f f w t w wcffsftw r w ? ffig, r t t t t f e ffig f t t w t e f t t t w ?tcst?
t t w f t t t w ftettfe - ^ W WftCWC? I CffwtT? ? w % w WW fttn I
w?t??t?wfc?? t t R t f t ^ rfttr vs t ? R I f t w t WW??r?WtC?? CtRCttfR WtstCf t f f f f&?tfW
f f t 8 w r t c r t T f t t ? t f t w t ctit wtwc?? R w f r t w t t fwtft, % ^scf? t t f R w m i f f e f f f w c ? 1 a t t w r t , w p ,
t t c t t r tr??? cwtwc?w t f f t w R ? cttt f f t w f i t t t c ? ? w i w f c t f w t f t f w t f t wttwe?! I t r wiw??i?wtc??fr5t
R w f w i o w c t ? c r t r ? t f e 1 w f t w?i??i?wic?? f f t f f c n ? t t w w f ? f w w f ? t?tw f i t t f t c f g I f w f t e t w f t t w ?
f ^ 5 C ? 1 ^ f f e t R t f t c w c ? i f i r f W t t I ? f " 2 . t ? f f t B W I C f f t f f ^ w e t f cjpftiew, fctf r t , ctftittt, f t e r ? w w t f w r f ?
t ^ f t t ? t f c t (Wttt) Wf-Rttw, f t f t f i t i t w s tnff ftff? w t t w f t f t ' ^ r f e i I
WW ftfetc? 1 c t t t t ?tff?tc t p f t ? w f ?5t?W ttCf I w vs (Rtcrott, w t w w w w f t t 5 ? f t c?tt I a t l t w ? ff?twt
cttt f i t t t w t r ? fffet fcgtcrtr 1 atntf? t e w ?ft?rc? ftfwt 5?riff? ft5Riiwiw?s?t, ? - ? t r f
W f t t f f f W P R R T J f 8 f t f t t t t ? w t ? f ? ? f W t C t ? ? w e f t c t t t t f T ? W f c f ? ?tw tnft I
(ijcTtw aftt Wf?? wt3t I W W c f c W f t f W w . f f t t t w t f f t w w r t w t w t e t ? w t n w w f t t t f f a w t t ? t e w ?ff?n^ f W
w t f f f f?t? cwttcrt c w a t r ? f t t w w f ? 'sff f f 1 ft^WR a w w , ff?i? a w w , ffwt-tf%wt3f? t t c f t t t t t w t ,
w t s f t ? t t f f f f RWct? t c r ?ft?tt? twR, t t f f f f w r t , wf5?, f f f f R , f f s e r w r t - f t w t t a w w , c t f f - W f t w f t a w w
wcttcw f t t t t t f t ^ w t ? I twiwca? ? i w t t f W f , f t t t f e tttfcuwict? w f t f a w w I
w t r t w t t ? t f f f f f f r t s t w t e t t ? aRTWcf 'Ztfftjtftw cwftewf ftftrt wtff 8 f t f t w ? wt?wt!??i?wie??
fft?IC?l affS f t f f t f cftft w r cftftcf fttfw, R w a f f w t t t c f ?
R t f 8 ww??i?wte?? w w t t f ?rf a f t f f r . W f f f t R f f e R i f w ft??rc? 1 i.fevfe fSfe=t? ftw?tc cfttte i , o o
t f ? I t r a f t aftft t ? ? , w r a f i t ffs ?ct I R ^ t f t ? w t t c ? t w t t t i t , w r ? t e r ^?ftftf c t t t t c w w f ^ 1 a f t
f f f t t f f f f t ? f t e t e , o o o tiRc?? t t f t atsft RWffewg ? 1 R W i t , o o o w t t ftw ?tWfvS f i R I WfC a f f t w t w w i f f f
W t f f f W ^ r c ? , w r f wt?i?tt?wit ??, R t f t t w t f f t t t w r ? a f f t ttwwt t ^ ?R? ?ft?fe? I
t t w f ffSJCWt
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Wmt?IWH
nmenetn m cftnnw wn?tcnn nftm ntw S>[SSICA I - a t

iintRs nwj A.n RPISH cntw? w r t ^ f n % , R ? csfcntfnf wn?tens Wen fnfs^ ntwj, ntftwj wftRstjr cntm
W f f arwjif cnic-^cns mat -fRs-sflt?ic^ nt^wRwtcn -Q fffwn'f, csnn mseijs nmn nttsin, estntn cwmesn ntf,
c n w
C5|%^ fnt AS I -at nnntt fwn m f n nti!^ wm nwntn w n n nmn wtenww, wtmnenn csfsm mn -amnnftn Snn fnnwn
cnWfc^ fnntifinswtcn ntntw Rcnsnt w t mtcw men I fwfetn wnnmen wnttj fi-fnsfA i
ntt^R)p # n n swtnmnwicnn -aft mtffwn? tRmnf f n 2|fw?fnnncnn new wimnntnwten sttn ntnn nnR fn fcn
nttmcA I tmn ncm mtc^n wcn^ t w t f mfnns i ?tffw AS I nnaf wtntnntnwten sntnfwAftnss em s n R -a
n m f f n
SniAsn^n t n n tnm (tntn m'mcwj wtt% cnm nten ntnfsfw) t ^ - n f 5 w -a cntfnw fsmtws n w m-sm f^tntcA i fwtf^ns -a
[ S i v o - i o o i f Ol-'^n
^ n nsm mn i twfn watf^cnn mm wtntm^ss fnstes wtnfnntnwtf wncntff ntstss f f SnwtR 2ê
atmnmf mfnns, t<>feiR<>fsfnssmm^fnn flenn i t f n m ^ S-|w I m^men wtmnntnwten t o ftn csf fwif?ss cntff nftmcA i
f n n n ^ ^ ^ ' S f ? nsm nsesn i ffsin wt-ft^ (wtentm mess Smn fSf<^<twt%wmosiHwtninninwtensfHtmwnc51 -^nnn,
fnfn^ st?),-aft fmntn m^'fin^-8 smfn^ sf? fln "mtn-ssi^ mewTS S ^ mt i -ansft S r o s ^^cf*tntn wtnesfmrt -ast
ffo-w"^' (Canon of Medecine) i fsfsstm wnews cmf wtnft T # R ; n n wfwcmntw i ctent^ ntewjn fwfetwt flenn
tfwmcn tm W W ] fsnjiw ffms ftnten nRMw ntw w i f f n wtwcmmw, f f n flcmt cnfncmfnntn wtenîwtess -ass stfffn
-annmn tmfew f f n n % w "nnîfn fetft m w n ns^
n , mnfn^ 2ftcnfr^ mnnssf i tfÂinfsnens new, 'wtntsntnwtn'
m
fnm An ntn wtmm nen nsesn cn, wtmens fens fsfsswsnn mnft wtwcmmw stew S ^ 'stntcA i nwtes mnft " W f
t f ^ wttncnn mi" wtntn (wtsn), stew afAt w t AtsicA i -atmen wtntnntnw m
wtntnnrswtenn wfnntfm f m w -a nfew wtmens f f n "wtnffn" mens StnR mt i w n nnf^ nf^nnfeA nnnstAfo
i^R>A(e<t> ntn^n ^^RntcAn i nfewn enscat "win"enn nsm s t p m m nm wf^ sp#iw mfssw I
Jnfcmn nsm Scan w n t n i wtmm "cmfs" mnss wtess ntmng -^fwAtfnwtcs wtntnntnwtn ^1t wtet tsw^ fln 8 S ^ -s
m m wnrtnfn na nfewn c ^ wmmmmnn f]tnf% nsRm nRn wtntsntnw i S ^ wtntnnmwtn msmn nnenn wtntnmnw
mew I ns#?s-a ntmneannnnen ntnttfnin-ancttwntstn i twtwc3s wtn mtm nRns n R n wtntsntnwtn nwmcnn S ^
f ^ npr?T 8 i s . A v f s ^ wtntnntnwtcnn fmgwfn sttftn^ tmenn wten wnt?w f|n i f f n fnfn mmfew wsRntn
fmn mf ssm AS mi -ÎwAmw wtnf n*fntmess mfwn s'lntm ntm wienfnm -aft fAt -a fnnnw t R Rntcn wtmatwf nscs -ast
f%?tfnw W f AS I ih(th ffe^n s w ' n n ^ fênn cêat tms fntm fln nwmn w n n wtntnmnwtenn fntm, w f n
v
gftntn^ ftnn mmwi^nss nsm A S I isi^to f f e ^ fm^wfn mmtn^ tmfew njnnt,wt-a stttnfn^ c ^ ftnten ntf, ntnm, ftnwt-a
f%nn mf W f AS i iJJi f f stew ntemfnw mfwn ffîmm mnfswH tAnsR n ^ w t ntn i 'fstn ^ < t m f e w f% sn
n
f f w AS I wnaftew snntm ntw w i nn t w r f nnen wfwtmn

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fegetfW f W I f f f t w t t f f f t % f W tBRRJ? wfttf wl?1??t?wft-a? t f t T t t f f t t a t ? cttfwctw f w T t f f t t t ' -

a t l f t t f ? t t t f t f W t W W t ? f t I R ? tTtlW ttftttt? W t t a f t f ftfft a? ftftett w t '!tftcc?? I t t f ? cffwc c t f f t ? t f f f s wiw?
W51 a t R5t? ^ f t ff-tmfttw? f ^ RitfSw T I I a t s f t WW a t ? ctlfwc? f l l f c f t ? f f ? '^?t fffttc? I
iVo8-ib-ivS f S t l T f a t i W t t f t iV?'b-ib-?b- f S t W I t t t f f t ifefei t w w f t w WSiC?? Wfct f W W t l t i t t ? Cftft?
f t t w t t ^f%? ( i b r i t f t i w t t T T I a t i tr? Wlft t f t T t tfS t t t t c ? I a t ff3F?t? f f f t w c t t t f f r t f f f f f t
f ^ t s w f t wftttnif tfts t f f t f t f ? t f t w t i f w T I I ftft ? f i ^ ? f t f t W f f r?fffff f f c f f f ' 5 t ? t C ? ? f t W t W T l I
ffti: îfstm f t t f t w t t f w f w , ttr f f t t t m "5%? (bb-?b- cttfwctw Wftct wtr??f?wt?-a? w t f S a c f f f f t w T f i
'Ô t t t K t t t f T I a t i trt W f f w f t ?tftr?ff t w H "s ctifwctw f f w wtW??1?WtC?? w f t f w f ? (Zanjezur)
t t t f t w t t a t f t s f t tttwa^ftit w f t t s w ? ftwt t f f w I at a w f f f t c f wtcfffw? f f f t t t f t f w ttr? f c t wtf5wt? f t
gtw? f t t w i t f ? t f t w f t fttft T I a t i f ^ wftf?tiTiwft f f w f a -^tc f f f ^ 'stW f C f I t t ? wttt?r?wf?cf c w t f j f f
f f f t w c t f f t t w T I I iS)ib--?o 'sj. WttfttftWtt W f t C t t w t l cwffct twwca? w w ^ f W T ? t? t T ? wt?t f i t
Tfftwt ft T II fitt t t w i f t T f W i t c t w tfftf?rtt i , i 8 , o o o t f ffCWfftt? I Wf?fCW ifefei f^tC^ Cftft t t ?
wmwiat f w t tc& I f??f? w f t w W f W w t t t r ? < r t f W wttw? ffft? yrb,boo
a f f t iS)?o t t C f f t t s Wt^JFSICt W i f t f t f t W f C t t Ttft ?f (fCllfttt? I
t ? f t t c f f i t f w f?ff T f I W W S f ? t f t t f f t f a t f f t f t f i t tsftct t t c t f t f t t ife?o fsfcf wtrtrtwt? f t t fffw cttft?
vso f f c t ^ , ' iS)?? ctifwctw t t t w w t f t f t f f t t t t k ? ? C? w f t f t w t ? f W W W Wf? W t t C t ? w f f w ( i f e f t w t f ?
^ f w T f w c ? ? t i t i c t w f ? f ? ? i ? w i ? c f c w f ? f t t s ctifwctw f t t W f t ^tC ifeib- j f R f f w ) vfl Wtr??t?WR t t W t f t f
tff???fw f t f T I 1 f ? ? f Ho ? 5 t ? t r ctiftww ?t?^ f c t t f f w t w g (Azerbaijan Democratic Republic-
f t t t w ftctfb ? ? I ctifwctw f w f w w f f f ? ? i ? w r f Wt3t ADR)-a? t t t f t c t ? W # f C f 8 W f t t w W? 1 f c g t l W, A D R
? f ? f w f ? c f wfctfttt? t f t w t i f w f w a?iattwttffSwt?cf w , ifeiv ^ c ?v afitt, ife?o f ^ f f w ? w c t ? f t f f f
Wftf?t1tWfC?? w t f f t f I f ^ C f f f f ? f T I I t f T Wt?t??l?Wf?Cf WWfC? I
CWt?fff cttftc? tff??C?? t f t w t l f W f t f T f , t? t T ? t t c t f t f t t ffwt tl^fwWS f l W f t w f W I w t t i W T C f ?
cttt Wl?? f i t i , i 8 , o o o ?f f f C t t f t f ? I ifefei f wftwf t f t f f f vs ftt^ W f t C t f f t W C ^ fff%CW J i f f f CJtf?
W # t f t C t Wttt??!?WfC?? a t 1 f t . W t f t 5t?t Wi,boo f f C t f f t t f W f H w f ^ ?f5 T W Wfftrf ^5tW f C f I CtfwctW t f f T t f t f t t
W??ftWTl I t f f f c t f ? CtfwWfe t f t C f ? t f f t i b f ff?5ft? f f ? f f c f t
t t f f Wt?t??t?Wt? f W f ? f w - f f % t f C t t C f ifeOV f f WtCTf f f f c w ? I ?tW?t?fCf WWItrf f t t f v3 t f ? C f ? C f
f?WW f t w w f ? vS ^ < f W t t ^ f (fctf), f ? ? f C W f f V3 tf?rc?fftwcftff C2i% f f f f ftttw f s t f e f W ^ I
f f % t wi?t??t?wt?-a f ? ? f f w T f I f c t t f t i t ? f w t t f t f t a ^ CfTfwctw f W f f f e w w t f t t f t f w t c t f t f f T t s
w t t f ? vs C??ltC?? I 8 ? , H ^ ? ? f t l t t ctff W t t W t t ? t ? l f witf??t?wt?-a? ctiffc?f t f f r t f f s f t t w va ftfjt fffjt,
witi^tiîîc-t? f ^ f t t t n i wtft"?f ftiftw trcf c t f t w t f f r t c f f f f f t f f c tittit f f T t I a t w w w c ? f
Wltt?tt?Wt? t W t W f vs wicf%f'^C f i l f ffttIC? I fffffSw f t w ffS? wwftct #fW tl? I wetf cwca f f f t t t c f
fcwjt wr=itcf wtfttftwit-âf t f f r n t -îff"Pt s t o f c f w i wtCTTt f W T l I Cttfwctw t t f f w a F f t f f t f f r t
?e,tc?? c t t f f c t w f t t t t t e t wrtt??ir?fwit-a? t f f r t c f f f t f C ^ a f t f f t f f l ? ? t t t C C ? t ^ fsfti "History
t t t w w c a ? w c f f f f w f W T ? I tw? f C t t t t , w t f t t v3 of Azerbaijan" I ifefto ttC ife'bo-a? WWWfft t t t f l c t
t l t l t t f T T S f t t w c f f f f w t t t f t f ^ w ^tw fc I t t f t Azerbaijan Academy of S c i e n c e s - f f f f t t f f
c t t f f c w - f f w t t f s ftf fwrfc aww ftft fftwct T? I w f t f a t t f f r t f t ? t^ffwtfCR? t c w f i c t ? ^ctt?,
'2Ct? t w ? wcw? f c t - ifeib--ife?o fStCR W f t f t w f t w ctff?cwff^ wtftctw ftttwtw f f t t f f r t f f f f t I
ftct? t f f r t c f f w w fftwct fff f W T l , a t t f t fttftff ?tlt? a f f t f c g t c r t i f f f fit, a t t w c ? ? f w f f w ? C f f ,
f c t ? t f f T t C f v s fcuftifcttffwwfw f c f s f f f w f t f ?t*ilc? I wtw t f f r t t r wiw??i?wi?cf a f f t ^ t f w i f f t w ftww
f i c w t wf?i??t?wf?-a? t f f w t c f t f i f t f f t i C f t ? f t t ? f e a t f T T i l WirCf?Cf f t ? W W f f ( f t w f ) Wfff? w i t
W w w t f w w w f f f f f t f W wt?tif I w t w tw t t ? W f t f f w ? wtwf? f t t t w fSftlw f T T ? t i t I ?tftc f C f t
f f T t , f S f f t t t t w f f -^c wtr?w?wt?-a? w t c f t f
t t w f ft?^cftt
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<fto
waji'^ w t w n - a f t ffsr? ft^ wtRmmnA mm n#m nnttnenfn fnnfn w t A S I mgR ntfn c^fs -aRfnScnn wnan
ff?nne^ f m s rnntfmen mnwn w AtsicA [Azerbaijan
fm '9 8 nntwottl^ siw^ftw vjIlRt nfsw A^Tfin Interational 4.1, p. 24, Spring 1996.], W>a g.
"wmminwimn tiÂii" 5r#ew wctm mtfw fnmmn i Aliyev tVIemorlalized Literary Giant" in
Smsnt^n, cmfwcnt mm\ ^n^ -a tsHci> wtntnntmsftcnn Azerbaijan International 4.4, p.37, Winter
i^lwmfnss fig ftmenfncnsmwT"5t^ i ^ n ^ ntjtew Scan nmt 1996] I
^mc?, "inn nwT%:w f f f cnHHiftf wmmnmwtcnn wmfln -at f R nc?-a f w t n wtntnntnwtft ntsfnssw nfAo fwstft
wmtm mn^cn n n t ^ ntnns mnn w . . . . -at nncn mtntnntmmn ^^wt sptftm t o s n I wtfn W wtfenw (i^-sv-Aooo f.)
tmn -a f n c ^ ncm n < ? ^ xpmfcsn m nntsfcn tfnnw A S . . . . WtAtenn -awtn i twR tnfs cn (Elchi bey) men nnfnns
mwm mwm c n r w w rnncfs fncn mtnw w r An i.... ttsfsw 1 f f n iSi!A-i!Si-o f f n ^mfn wtntnnfswicnn n@tR
wmmnmwtcnn wfnntfnnnc^ snn fcfcnn f*tw ^cw An i" ftnten mtm? mnn ssesn i twR wtmnmnwR est tstnwtfnft
wcn^ wimnntnwtf m W m n n m nflw .aww nn I WtAtm tfwAtens wmttss flenn i f f n wtms mattnc^ scnn, nnsn f f
wtcnn, tfwmenn fnfwf nncn fnfwf wtR -ac^ mnenn fn^cw wnemft w i t mt, s t f ^ wtmnntnwm n t n w -ant tmess
nwtt fnntcA i SmAsn^n mcn^ tScm%r n@ wifcw -ac^ ^^wten mn w S^smtt mm nifmtn nttw fip nsm A S -ant
wmmn fnn^ f^ n#cn-a wtmcnn wtfnm fnfgw A S mt i fwmt nfnsmtte^ tmenn nft ntf^ w t A S I tms c f ^ tnfs
nwmen wtmm n n w nap nn i -annff m f ^ wttnn nwifew cs-e^ iSino--as nte^ cstnsw w t A S -ast wtAtem f t n w
wtnmnmwm nnn nnm -ant cwntenn fnw ntfew nw nw Witwtenn fnemt c n ^ AS I iSi!i fstc^ wtnmntnwicnn m f n m
cnmnfnns mnfnnn;^ Awn nnmn I wtm nc?-a nmnn wtntnmnwtenn wfIR Atsis tn t f n tfwmn tesntm tfwntsss tfsswn wtnscn
nap atfwt^ AS ntt I wtmnntnwt%t f w n nAmen wfstn w i t nfapn f f n m ttnn ssesn i
wtfgm Snntn; w i cnt mrm nffiffcw f n w ^ nap n^ f n w s - a t n w wmtnnrswtenn tap ftnten tmmsm w t AS
mwt wm f f f ttmen fsfaiwwt cntfwenw-^fwAtfnwn ne^ f n m I iSiJii f f e ^ wtnfnn ntntcnw -a wmm wtmenn cnt%w
fnn-ssfH* f|n i wtmrn f f f nn^fn? ftmcn fsf^ A'snrn wen f w entttstCAH, ffwten w t e ^ -a nnettw^tt nw^ ttmsjt ^tew
flenn i cmfwcnwnn i!n "nwtfn cnrnten tntt n w i f n wtntsstnwtfwntte^ n w f n ^ Scatemtj ffnm ttnn w i
atnnwtcnn t f i nsfn f R f f t e ^ f f nnfn5 Rntcn fsf^ w , i!iv stew i!Ao f f e ^ cwntenn f i t tttm f f cnmsiftf
ntAm ' F n m t i n ntnt^ i SniAnn^n, wtAfn wtewn wtntsnmwfen atcnt f s m cntfts wRstfntne^ wte^tnenn tnfs
(ivj>A-i!n f.) ADR wtnenn -answn f n flenn i wtmn Aîts-fe stew mt mt I ntf -a wtmnnmwtenn nnst wt^cn Rtat
nsffrnn wtmnmnwrcnn mfnwm f n *fnw A^rnn wtme^ fnsifwfem wtmm wtntnntswtf nnwe^ nstnm mn w I
wtfnwmtf f f nnR ftnten wRft ^Rrt tnnnwien moit wtntnntnwtftt wtmcnn- cnetn f w -gsc^î wntetn- -a
w t AS I mtm ffwtwe^ f f nnR ttmen fsf^ nsm An i tnHtcns wsnie-ts ^m 'smt ^Rit wtmenn nmtm -aft =^fwents
w n t f n wtntnntnwtft mftwjens f f ntftew wtt ftnten f n f t mt I ntfn t t m w ftmntfn mftn sfn'--a wnf?w
tmmsm menn i iSi-sv f f e ^ cntfwenw cftenmt nt?t KGB cntnltess i o weBisn, iJ>!v f. tfnenn nmn '^fwn f w Stn'f
WtAtess n f n w Aif w i wfnssf wtmn nsntnfe^ <[mm nsmsn I V
w t AS I nwfcn -at n t R "mntln fnmn ntsJA" men tnntesm ffstnt s nntww^ -assft mf%s5 nmrn^fj cntfwenw
Institute of tVIanuseripts-'as Wtfltc fsfô.wte? i tffmnfnntt wtmcnn nsrnn Seat mm, tnnm wtmnnmwten
"Wtntnmnwtenn c n f ^ nten mtw êntn wttwn cnfwnfs^ ffnnn ttnn f n n t e A i wtt "History of
(ivvA-iJ>88 f.) -awR f f nnR ftnten wfwf^ An i t f n Azerbaijan" 5 f e ? wmm cnftew ttt, "tnmn wmtm ncjR
-a^wn fwwtsm m t t w flenn i wtme^ isi-sn f f c ^ ossmm mm rtenn t f n fnss -a t f n wnettfte^ fsfw -a tttfatn
w t AS -ant wtms tfssmn'f w wtms cnm ms ntt i wtme^ ifwmn ftntes snntenn 9twt nm nsen i -at sef cnrnm w t
mtenlsmn J3n f^^fm camn w t A S , cnttcn wtmn w t f ^ net AtslcA fnns egfn Sts t f n wntetn t n w n f n m f s s f t
-ant f m s nntfm>ai wnttj m*fmtfn ff|fnew nfnnw A S I fnfnn n^femmtt Im -a n A f f m m n wtAsm wtnm, tf? wtmm
cnesnlas wtnen iJ>vo-n n t e ^ ntsttntR nnen f m s cnmnet fnewm tfnenness ntmm^^wien ctmt f n m nmenn ttrnw
wmmnmwten wtnnn nsm A S I f m s 'smen nttfswten -asnt nw t e ^ 1 f f n n ffewmtt cntentntf^mn -a f f n m^ff^tnew
t n n t f ff^cmn
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Contents
<ib8
wtîwtf f # f i f ? v3 w w w m i i f t ^ i f ? fI t wst at?. wtref? t w f f wetf tcfft'sttttwr^ rte t f ? twt? t w

Rt5?i w f t P i t w f t r f t t t WW w f t e t t f t ? w t tsct" ( i t . , f T w? I at t t w fc?ttife^ ftsi ffic f t s ^ t f t f twtff c?
f iob-) I acfwett w t tr ?w ^ w I f f f c f f t ? ? f f vs w s ^ t f f f
%tfWT W W t t l t W t f i ^ f f f t f t f t t C f t f W t i t t c t t f f ? ^ 1 f l wftwt? t f t t ^ c t atit tfttfw?'a?ttt wwttff i
c t w ftfw f f ? W ct? I w w w t w ? t f f t t t f C t t WWCt? t w f ^ f f j t f f t t s cwfwetw ww??t?wtc?? ttlff?
w r t f c f t ? w t w wtc?f??icw ftttfwo f W ?? I ^2gc^ t f f r t c f t f tftcf? t t t f t ? caf twttct? fftew w?ewf?
cgwctc? W t C t cttffctw t s f t w v3 cwctw t i f t t t w t t t f f f W ^t I t f f r t f t f t t fffttww wttet? 'Jtffff tittet?
ct c w t t f f r t f t t c f a f w ? " t t W t t ^ " w cttfffwoftcwtr wstet wtfcw? a ? i a'^fticf w t r w t t e f f f f tiwet? ttt
ftttc? W t J i f t W tsf?W I fttt fffe? I
?jfwcf t r t i Gsfwi? ?w ^ w I t t t t t c w t f t w c t f f t r i t n i t , "History of Azerbaijan" f e f (if.,
t f t w t f t t c f a f f t wwtwc? w f f W W f t c f i ^ t tfft^ t f f r t Sib-)-c Wttw Cfffe f t , " f f ? f t 3 t Wot%o w w t r t w t e ?
? ^ ^5tc f??w WW? t?iw< t w t f?1 ^ I cttte? c?lffc?w w t f c t ? f t t t t a t wt?va f S f t ^ w f c f i ttwtt. ff% t w T f a ? i
c w c t w t l f t ?fttw, " W t f t t f f w t tc?ttt? atw t e t ttftw ? @ v3 wtfft?ejff f W f f t f c f t c f w ? r 5 t f w e t c f t t t f r T t i
4tcc?'t I w t f t f f fftiw f f t i c i t ct, w t f t a f w t cwffe?w t r ? fffetfwew W f f f f W t W W t - a ? ctwcf a f i t ?w ftf?
w t f ? f ? w f w f t ? WW W t W w t t t c f WW fftw f t w t I wftwe t i f f t w T f I f f f t t c t t , t f f f Giffcf w t r c f ? W f f ?te ?ft3
w t f t f f w t ^ W b ? t ff?c?? a ? i f t ? v 3 a f f c t ? f t t t f t w f f f w w t r t f e ? ? t c t j t % ? f W f f t i I t f t v G w t r ? vo,ooo
f f t c t t w I ?lftcw Wt, ? ^ I Wft 'stew W t W w t t t ? f t ? t ^ w f t f f c f rJt f t f w w t r c f ? t i f i t c f t ? i f w wtt T I , w t t t t at
f f t ?ttf? i" . ffegt? w t w t f C f ? ffftwct? f f t ^ w r t t t t w t f w t t e t ? f??ft
^ ^ t f t f f t tftfctTtw?t? w f t w i f t t f w t f t e t ? t e t t W f f t i f t c t ? t f t ? w f e ? f f t f w f c ? I sb-b- f s t c f f f f t a f t t ftctjic??
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^srat ft?e? 1 t t ? cttfwctw tft??t?Jt'f Wwt? WW? f f t i # f t fC?? l"
c ? w t f ? f w t f t f c f (sffw?ff?wtitctft?ie ot?t w t w f t t W f ^ va w t e t t - W f f f f W f t f f ^ w t j cttttfwtet t w i
f t ? w w r t t w T f I WW w?t??t?wtet f f f t i ? f tfwftt^ ffsf t r t f f T t t W ^ t e ? I cttfwctw ^ f w T f f f f t
f l c t t I wfietj a f w ? Wtwtft ( i i 8 i - i ? o f e 'j.)-a? f t ? fwratf fcBtfTtetfffwwe? a f w f e g t fe?R W t , w f f w i f wtr??f?wif
f c t t I w t r c f t t W t t f t ttwet WtJtttw t w t e ^ ^st^ WtTCf t t f ? f c ? ? t I w ? t f f f t aff& ' W f t t t t t w w "
t e t t t t wwf? ?tett I t f w t e W T t ? w t t i t r fbttw f w e r t c f t f f t t ? fcfitf ctt i
WtWttltWtC?? w f t w wfww < ^ V51f?it f??1WW? fwft t e t t , t t w I t c W f t f t f f c t ? WW a t i t e w j f f w e t f t
tf??wt teS I f f w f f t f t t a t ? wt? cwffctw cttetw t i f t ? w f f f f ? tftwe? ctt? t i t e f s i f w t r ? ftew? ft? t f t w te?, t ? i
W t f t ? f f w ? r ? w I f s t t e ? ttwet? C f t t fww v3 wetttwf WW t ? s C t ? f t ? t t t o v g ^ !
twew^ ^ f W w ? w I W R t t W t w e t f tffttwtc? a f f f f f w t f ? c t f f f f w t f t - f t f W ' f w f ? WW?
f t f t f f w ?tcc? I fw??f??it w r t t f wftiw?tt v3 w w t t f Wtftef?! t w e w ^ f c a t - 1 cfettw vat fê?i? w w , '*c?ww?
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wtmnntnwfenn tnn t t R ntf^rnn nft ntf<51 ntAtm ^ mnnm

-Niciif snmms -oiAiiws -iiNissiswH >is<>iw^ fec^ ifii>iR f x nR lansnw At^ m, wtmennc^ c s f w m , fnntwn ntntRs
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nsfnftn mmtf% mRmn mfnrnm:^ ( i b - i o - i t e ^ s f . ) new afS n m f atf%mn I
t n n t f fm^cw
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Contents
nfaR^ t R s p T tmnm ^liiHsmwiws attn n? cntfwesw ctennatn^ ntm i<5>vff f8R:^ m as -ant Ttfmm
n n fnrentw trttnStn -^îwtn ^ AtstcAi n n i t bs.ib tnnfRten f R m t f f n f w n w n cn nn !|Rffens fistwm-s
f % t w ?tPtw AS I tmn cnm % n n n n t n wtfnn m i n t t c n mTt w t AS, WtAtenn wtfnnn nmmtcai atnnt w t as 1
(iirir8-ij!.ff<? f.) I cmfwcTT s s s f ^ ifjt TfjOT wtTtf^ cntin nnm n t w c ^ ntfnnesn fnem?n mmtn^ tfnsmrn w 1
iflnt m^n mcnn nsm >sj?in#n Stn fncnnt^ wtemt w t i no ntfnnw f f ? tfwnrsns W f f n n t f l e n n 1 f f n n nssn
mwm w m wtntnmnwtft ttknmt m f n cntftn cnmn ntfnn wmmntnwif wnttcss ms f n n t wtAtenne^ nm-af^^mtew
wmnn "stc ntns mess i fnntfnw nsR? mftstflenn 1 w t wtms wn f l n , nnen f f s
ijsAo ffc^ ntn mRfn wtmnntnwtn nncnn w t t t m ^ f s ^ wmtnstnwtfm ntAmi nsfncn I f f ? ntfnnw f f n n e ^ wtt
smm fng^ An i -a fnmm fntjtn wtjan ntm wtmm ncn/ntfc w m wtninsinwtfense^ ? t n ^ ssm AS ntt I
2|fnwtRc5tAW'an?,?PtnifsfnntmnTmn i tAran^cnwimcnn cmfwesw wtnenn w<3 - a n s f t n t n m ^m maR Snntftw
nmn n t mwfc=nn nmmmn wmtnntmmf n n c t R n s t t AtstcA 1 wtesffn cmm wtn^ffnw f R n e ^ 1f5tw m t e a
fnt^ntw n<i<Msc S t t t w w t as i *at '^tr mm c m f w i w t t ntent'Wrstt-antmftcsswtcsflnmn nftw n?cstetsaim sscsn 1
tAtt stmt f n n t n cstt w , wtntnntnwtf nnnncsn Stttw w f R n -at fsncs mffae^n nwmw mesn 1 S T O f f n nenn, tme
fncnfm nn, T c n f m i wtmn c w wnw mt, f f ? -awm atten wtenfnm ntnfwfs
a T f s tc^ wtmnmnwH n n w wtfnw cn, wtcnn 155 m f l f -ant^tftess wtmnntnwfenn f n f s atwr^ft -ant w n f ^ w t e n f s
fmntn ntn mftfc^ atRcmn nsfnew ttfnen m I ntf*lnm nfnfe fnai wtsen snsinssif wmtnntnwtfenness w s t m n atntcns mn?f
f f cnm w m t t t t tSemfn cntsfnn fwc^ ^jm cftntw nsfnew t t e n 1 tAte^ wtn^fwms msrw m A n m nnntmt
w e t ntfmtn ntAimsftf An 1 nnewt f f m rnn m f t f n wmmnmwten nftm nm I
w t n t n m n w atenet fwnwwt fft m n w w m wtntnmnwinens wmmn S t f f n s f f n n wmen ffmtw cfRo?fnnttess-s
wfcmn nsen 1 -at W e t wtntnntnwten n ^ t t w -av^ttntn w m Stfv^n nsm st 1 efffnw?e^ "ffwntf f f w " ftnten w f f t w
fnt^ntw n n w f w t n t f fen t n w j t t w fns? nnetRnstt nsm AS I w f n ^ cfnw?fsnttcss "tttap" ftntes cnrntt cn-sm
a t R ^ n ^ w ntt I Wtm wfseat nnsn tw" w?f nsfnm AS I cffnwe?s wnnsf^n cwtAtm csftn cnncvsn, tmn At^.nntm
wtmnntnwtenn mfnm t f w 1 -ant wtt% S t n n j R atfte^ "ifwntenn ntnm" wttjt cnom as i
nntwwtflns cnwf^ g cntf%enw wtnw-^fwmfnnstt <pRtn t a - t f a w i f e A ^ f n t f t w -^ntcA cn, fntrtw wtntsmnwtf
nmwwantf cnwfe=nn w m ^ a r t f flenn 1 >atnn cnw nem c#nw?ffT atesF^n fnstfn wtfnn WtAm nesn wtmm fnm ntften
flenn ffmtw, ttfnmn -s wtfnnenw 1 isxjo ffe^ fRcnn mnntm tf?m w t m n ^ w n 1 w n cntfwenw ctien^ n??t
f ^ tn mmn f f w tfnwr?? AS 1 fPmntf w t n w wtntnmnwtf KGB wtms nenn nnwm wtfnm ^ m f f s i f l n 1 wen^ c f l n ^
nrnwwtft^ nenn cmm fSmwtnsn ntfnnwc^ "tttap" wttjtfnw w?fficss WtRm K G B f n f w n f R afm*ln "^Rs 1 n m
fnm Amt nsm as i cntRcnw ^f^mfnnstt n ^ w n cn, f A t m ' mttew m ttfnen wimenn wtmn w n sten 1 w t n osfwm
f w t n cnm, cnnn ffnn, cnRm m ntfnnw m ffnn w m ^ nw RsincHs wen <^ ts-saif^ -s wtmn tfnntcsn f n msm nftw,
ftn nvsoicto nmetiwt nsfnew tnmn, f f ? wtmm nsnts -annR WtAtm cmt nrtet f f i ^tf-cmts atentwfn gnrtffnA
cntfes-g mn?f, mwm nwtm^f m cnfnenn nwntnens nntentsm nm at?w ttffewn 1
nsrnn ntAn tttewn m 1 -a-sfn f l n cntfwenw nwtm*ftfÂtenn tfÂl^ fnfnnn 8 wenns wtntnntnwtf tRAtnRfcntfwes
tfnain? 1 wmenn aftim nsfnm nemn, cntfwenw wmenn f c f atm nnsn
'iiRiiin ntfnnmw (ivno-iJÂe f.) flenn wtntnntnwtcnn aitn wtntnntnwtf f n s ^ f^ -ant -stAtens cmn ffafsnjtts f l n m 1
n^lwaifai<is cnwt I f f n wtmnntnwten cntffmw nsw t e w Sst cntfwcsw-f^ wtncn wtntnnmwien fsRtnss, f^rîsss -s R s t f ssît
wnf^tsswmrcnn f n t e ^ f l e n n 1 cnrfwcnw ^pwt^ ns^ns f^ I cntfwenw wtnen fnm f e m f s R t m TnsnwtnA -atnn
WtmnmnwR aiwtwean w f n w Ant-ani fnm f c m t ^ n - a w m t m wfw AS, wmtsmnwtcn e ^ f s f n m c s w f l n m I wtmrn wtns
ft^^Rns5iiifwtm<Ais eî^blfsîft-* wf^twmtenn atfwnten m?R, wtntnnmwtfm fnnm t f n - a f s f n ê #tnte51
R f n >i(.'\ot> wfwcmt tat camt nsenn 1 R f n "anesm cnfnn" wtntens ttwtflns n w t n e ^ i^fAtfnsstt ncnn, ^m w w n
ftnten t j t R w # r nnrnn 1 f f n wmmninwten - a f t T t f n f R nfn f f ? ^ m ttess, n ^ fnftwn w n t e t s cnlfn^ wfîw
atfwfemamm tm I A a w m*)jcn .tail^n 1 wrmnmnwtcnn nfzffe f f f f f n t t e s s ^wtt
t n m f fftiew
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Contents
w T I I ^Ktcwîcf v o i r w t m, wifiîvo vs fs^ms sirt ^tc Nigar Efendiyeva, Medicine in Azerbaijan, A

tftsw W T I I fesflW W|ilW<l?l>siH a f t T f ? w t f t I t l - i a f t f Brief Historical Review, Azerbaijan
wt?-wftwtti:f f f f e R w H l f?ft T I I International (3.4), Winter 1996; ( ? ) M. T.
W t T wt?t??mwt(R? f f i ^ ? f f t i vs ftftt f w w s f ^ t f t r t Faranarzi, A Travel Guide to Iran, 2nd ed.
f t T ? Wt?>Q t t i R ? stc?twt ?tc? I Tehran 1997, p. 254-259; ( ? 8 ) Azerbaijan, in
fftilt ? ( i ) Farld Alakbarov, Writing The World of Learining, 54th Edition, London
Azerbaijan's History-Digging for the Truth, and New York 2004, p.-135-137; ( 2 5 )
Azerbaijan International (9.3), Autumn 2001; Azerbaijan History on Encyclopaedia, com, a
(?) CIA World Fact Book 1996; ( ) S w i e t o - Service of High Beam Research, LLC. Copjrright
chowski, Tadeusz, AZERBAIZAN, REPUBLIC (c) 2004; (i.b) Azerbaijan Development Gateway,
OF. vol. 3, Colhers Encyclopaedia CD-ROM, www. gateway, az, searched as in October 2004;
02-28-1996; ( 8 ) History of Azerbaijan in www. ( ? H ) Altsadt, Audrey L., The Azerbaijan Turks :
azerb. com; (e) Samani (Hyderabad), vi pp. Power and Identity under Russian Rule (Hoover
49-50 (a few 'olama' with the nesba "al-Ran"; (b) Institition Press 1992); ( ? l r ) Atkin. Mureil,
Yagut (Beirut), iii, pp. 18-19; {H) A. Manandian, Russia and Iran, 1780-1828 (Univ. of Mino.
Beitrage zue albanischen Geschicte, Leipzig Press 1980); (^fe) Bennigsen, Alexandre, and
1897; (Ir) Markwart, Eranshah, pp. 116-119; (fe) Chantal Lemereier-Quelquejay, Islam in the
Idem, Osteuropkische and ostaslatische Soviet Union (Pall Mall Press 1964); ( o )
Streifzuge, Leipzig 1903, pp. 443 ff.; ( i o ) Le Golden, Peter B., In Introduction to the History
Strange. Lands, pp. 176-79; ( i i ) J. Laurent, L' of the Turkic Peoples (Otto Harrassowitz 1992);
Arm Mie entere Byzance et I'lslam, Paris-1919; ( i ) Nissman, David, The Soviet Union and
( i ? ) P . Schwarz, Iran, pp. 978 ff., 1098-1100, Iranian Azerbaijan : The Uses of Nationalism
1139, 1144-45; (i) V. Minorsky and CL Cahen , for Political Penetration (Westview Press 1987);
"Le recueil tmscaucasien de Mas'ud b. Namdar ( ? ) Swietochbwski, Tadeusz, Russian
(debut du vi/~xii' siecle)" JA, 1949, pp. 93-142; Azerbaijan, 1905-1920 (Cambridge 1985); ( )
( i 8 > Minorsky, "Caucasia, iv," BSOAS, 15, 1953, t^?Ctt Goole search. Islamic History
pp. 504-29; (ie) Zeki Velidi Togan, "Arran" in Azerbaijcin, in http// www. google, com, c i n d the
IA, I, pp. 596-98; {ib) Armenian text. ed. M. references therein as of October 2004.
Emin, Moscow 1860, repr. Tiflis. 1912, Ctis wift fttit wiwit
annotated tr. C. J. F. Dowse tt. The History of
^sfMflf^l ( < j j i j l ) 8 f i f t f i t ? is.) t?it fititfiTS
Caucasian Albanians, London 1961; (in) E. von
wtrwt I t f t ? tttf?t f?i ?t?li? t t f f tift' t?ft-wi??i<ii
Zambaur, Die Munzprlgunfen des Islams,
wit-T?rf wrt-TitwTf? iiti^tiw, ftft wit-wrfwift? tc
Zeitlich and ordich geordnet I, Weisbaden 1968,
t ? t t t ftftfiR? t e r t f S t i w ? fft f??tftjt? at twtttif
p. 39; (iv) C. E. Bosworth, Geography of Iran :
t f ^ ?si??T (?f, t ? 5 t ft?5W5?fftfief wtrw? ft-fator T r t
Arran Province (New Republic of Azerbaijan),
f T f f e ( ^ 1 J . - . ,i) I WIT? ?rft5tw w?ft t m wrr ?r?,
in www iranchamber. com as Visited in October
ftft t i t f '^c f w I f t ?<% ffetcg? ^ ftct? a?i bs/bib^
2 0 0 4 ; (ife) The Encyclopaedia Americana,
ttet t f ? w t ? f ^ t f ? f?t?? (?t) ftlfft c t t i f f ^'tTs? t f ?
International Edition, Connecticut 1996, vol.2,
fttn? wrt-tTff? cttttt f ^ tw? w?f^ ftett, w t t ftft
pp. 889-892; ( ? o ) The N e w Encyclopaedia
ftr? ttrttitf wti? Witt? fe?? I wtert f i i t r t?i ^ c t
Brlttanica, Chiago 1987, Vols. 1, 6, 7, 8 and 28;
rwm t f t 'Witt? vg '>4(itfsii? tf? 't?iHt? wtrrtj t t i t f {?twt?
(?i) ( R f t i W ? f t l f f t t?tr?? ^ w?i??itwH s f W f , ftfw
tffe ? t r fwrttf? f ^ t a t i f t f f e t tt ff??t ?tftt t??
ffTf?, Wtt-Wt1% ? o o 8 , t ? t ? f o t t t t , TJlft, 'J. 8 ; (??) Dr.
f'wtft'ti? "ffj t i t i t cttttt? f? f t ctMctict? f c r t f ? t
t t t t f ftfcttt
t.ft.VH?
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Contents
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Iwrro wicfc*t ftfMftit f r o f f t ? t f ? ftro ? s w f ff?ti?-a? w?T wpct t W ? ? f f t t (bv/bVH-v) I w w f t f ?

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t f ? f R t t f i T T f f t f f t ftew w f r r o w ? I fTR ftft Rf? wtrct? f f w ? fw? ^ f f t f r o wt?t ftgf^^fttw ftfc a?i
wftft? f r o WW Rt%5 sfratt fftriw w?r wr i a t ?rtWT;? fwft wtrct? w r o t t t w t t c f f t s R i t ? ^ fftc f f t f ^trflct? i
R T ? ? wffwfw? RTOTW W 5 WR?, WW?T Wft#TR? WfWtf? ( f f f l f fc? f f f t f t r o w i f ? ^ t r f t k t ? a?i WR-wt?ro
^<=\ w f t i "^?t t f f ? l t ^ I ?R?f ^St ftW^ '^?t wft' R T ? ? t t t f T O f? f t f ? t r c f w t f t f ^tcwT a?i t t r o f f c f W f t ?
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fWi? t ? f r o t f ? f r o f ? T ? f f W T f t?Tfws f f t r w a?i R ^ ffWR WftiR C?, C f t t W t t - f T W t t w t t t t f f TCf WtlWC? RWt |.
f w f t t f t f r w RWt T T I W W f f f WRft sffwtt ts^Wrf fwft w t T T f w s f f t ^ c w W f f W f t i t t c t ? 1 cttte? fwft f o f ?
t?f?-f?t?? cwTtft f t t t t t f ? f?t?R-a? (RWftf? a f t t t t w ftttc? w f ? w f l c t t I f f ' w r ? W t T t t f f ? W t t f f w f f r o
csrat f r ? t i t?w a t f t t r w t t w ? trf?# f f f f t f f f W t r o t? ?TW f t f c t ? I tftva w t t - f T W ? W f T f f f^RTst
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f f f w t w t f f 1 f t (?tt f% f ^ fffw t l t r t tttw f t w E t fffw t t t f 'w?ft-wttf-a? T w t w ?vsw? fc? I ff%t w?c? w%
f?? witf f t f t atiRtft'-a? (RWftfr? fffwt? (wt^^sro) t r r f f f i t f T O f? W t - T ' T ^ t f ? f f f t r c f ? W t t w t ? f ^ t
f t f t I f t f t t f W t W t f f t r t Wftrt? t t w i f t t t I wwgf? f ? ('ê/'Vsfes) w f T f t w w f f t ^ cr? f t f ? f ? T t t t i w t t - T " r ^
t r t f t t t f?T T t a??, ttft' vs f w ? f (RWfft ( f t t t t ) fwctt f W f f w t R f T ? f r o ftrc? w t - f T W t T f f t f w t c t tfctttww
ftws T t (bd/bvd) I W T w r t t t f f i t t f f w r t t r f f ? t ? f W ? ftfc=i'i a??,w?tftfw3 wtttffw? f f? w a R t f t f r t r o w c f f
t f f t - W ^ - a ? w ^ f r ? f ? g ^ 8 t w ? ^ f f t t a?i w?t?w t f l t ffct? I wt? wttftw? t f f c ^ w t t - f r w ? - a ? t t r r f t f w c ? f f
rotittt (?tt I w ? r f r t R3F t t w t t ftfsftw f f f i w ? ^ t t r o f W f f r t t f T w?!s ^ r c t t I f c t wtrot a ^ a ^ Riftcwra
f f r f f w j t t w ? f f f t I W R f t t t f t t w f t w wtT?r?-a? Cft sm f f f w ^ I ?t?t f t t t f f f c r t tc^vg v s t r r f w i t t
w w f t t a w w ttrwt, f ^ vs[f^ ^5j?iict? f W f f t t i t I C f t w fftwjtf f f f w ftff?R-a f W f f t ? t fffcw a?i w?cfct w ? t
? t r r w t r t f f t t t c f f t f f t ro fffw w w r c t ? c f wtrot tfffcf Wffw f f t w c t rtr w t r ^ i . w t r w # ? ^ R T ? w^tct?
TWt ftfw 1 t t r o w f f r f t t f t taw ^ r w t t - f T W ? t f ? w t f Rt? t f W ? f t t t f f t t a t i fCtf t i t ? tfcsfct? W ? f R Rl?WCt
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t t w W t w f t f r w R ^ ? t c t t \ f f w w t f ? a w w ^tcw f f c t w t r r t ? W R w t ^ f t t - ^ t I wT??rt?rf t t r t t w i f R??
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W T r t ? c f fwft R^jfsRcf f r w f f t r t t {b>b/'bWi) i at twwc?? W s w f f t ' W f t ?tff^ w t t - w f ? - a ? f w f t f r ? f i f f f w
f ? wtrot f i ? c t i ? t f r f f W f f t t t f t f t I f t i t n n t f t f f t - w ^ ifcstCH? f t r t wtfr R t f i t r f i t (at 'wtff rfft? WR-tnf?
at fc^ ctet? ats. c t r o r t c f t wtff w t r o W W f?t??-a? f f ? Wft WWCf? f i t t f r ? WW a f 'wttf wff?? wt-Ri'ft?-a?
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a?i f t r o f?vttw fftctt I f t f t ? f f f t t ? t r f w t w ? t fffct? ffff? a f t t f f f r t ? W f f f i c t ? ) I f c t wt-f?iw?-a? t r w
a?i wwt? f f w w f t ? ^ c t t I fwft w ^ f i t f f t c t t a t i ft5?wr?? w t f f t w r t f w ? f w t f w WtTTf? ?rtffwtr? T T t
t r o w t f ? t f c f ? c f tjtffwtc? TWt fftctt I f f f f W ^r t w RTstWtr ?ttif?'=i I w t t t f c f f l f f wiwwtf f f r o t?ft-
w t w a f f t CtWttftf? t ^ f ? ^tct f f f t r o wtro t t f f W f W f T f fStw wt?iftwic?? tw^sr? Rttw ffffw ^tctt, ? t w t f c f
R fffcw wtr ^tct? a t i t t f i T R W 3 R t fffw t f f c t ? i at a W f t ? trtwritsrt t i f f t o f t f c t ? a?i w t r c f Rff?tct
a t t t t t ? t w f ? f l c t t w t ? 'WW? t f ? <3?t?tf T I R T ? ? fffCB ttttwô f f t r t t I at f ? cttw t t t f t f t ? w ^ f i '^r fftft
Ritct w w f f f i ff<Tw ^ a?i f t t ? ? t ? f t - W ^ - a ? ffT? ^tct w r o R f r W T t r f awft w % t ^fttw c t t i t r ? R ^ F T
ft?ct w t r w R ^ f ffjttwtct ft?cw? f f c f a?i c t t t t t ^ c wir?.RWt f t r w t r r f rsn f t f t (<\ir-<is>/>!ss>v-s>ti>) i t f t t ?
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Contents
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nfct ctn s ^ wm w m nsns mfspne^ csftmo stn I wnf^ Ahlwardt, f . , ;o n., Jsto 1., i A A - A f f ; ( n ) w t f A i f n n
wtfnnn ntsfnt 'wrffnt t f n ftntn-'^n (?TfCf ffnn-'an w t f - f m - s n t f , m m . Gulrgass and Kratchkovsky,
fnf? ninrmn--a w t n ^ s f ntft ntnttnt wn?tn n # i f l n , Atoff-toto, A I V , AnJs, A V i , A V A , A V S , AVff, A W , AVS*, -Sio,
fnfnn wnratenn nn AM. nft*fnw cstt fnen nifgn:n *sn - a i i , -sis., -osA; ( v ) m f w - w t n t f , f f f ; (s.) w m - f m n n m ,
gft^ stn I littwn -at fsttjiAfB ntsi ntfnf Afnnifnn nenj w - ^ m f n n , m m . Wright, f f f ; ( i o ) w m - m ' f f , A t . ,
fnsnCTCA tnntf nigiew w w f% n f e t ^ ntnim^ mt AAs-so, -Sis, -sAS; ( i i ) t f n f w m m , Rwtfn-m'wifnns, m m .
Wtenn tttfnns nfn S m ^ W w n nnte'W n ^ fln, S^n Wustenfeld, iAto, A i o ; ( i A ) w m - n m ' ^ , ffiW, fft.,
tinntf^nftn i A A S 9 ; (i-o) rntmf, i t . , -08, tot., A-ff; ( i s ) m f - o , At., ffss,
nnfnfn ( j i i i t ) s -ann nswsRt fnenn fnenn nwntn cntsR ff'iff, toAo, on., toA, ffoo; ( i f f ) t f f n - w t f t n , f f ; (ito) t f n
wrtfnwss w t n r ntfn# stew '[nns nsen; ent'sfn, mtRn-Aifn, ntnA' ntsfwn-ntmni, w e m i-oAJ ft. i t . , o v v t . ;
wtn-wfwtfn-new, fn^ns ( i n ) t f n f f a w , ffffff; ( i v ) w - n t n n t f , R m f n - w t ^ n t f t s ,
(i)nintwtfn-nsTWf ( S J J I J l i i s j ^ ^ ) wft, nngni-ê^ w e m i o o A ft., iffff, itoff; (iS) M. Th. Houtsma, De
fnfn ntfênne^ tnntn êw nft^nn ( s J ^ ) I Strijd over het Dogma in den Islam, Leiden
(A) fn^'nt s (5 -.^ n) w<f, wtenn cnntntftfew cntnmn 1875, Air n.; ( A o ) Wellhausen, Die religios-
politischen Oppositionsparteien, in Abh. G. W.
t ^ cnt4CMC4 n f w s n n (5 ~ 1
Gott, N. S., fft., A, i S . o i , AV t . ; ( A i ) R.E. Brunnow,
(v!))'m^fn ( w f f t ftwntw nsRm wtenn nen cmn
Die charidschiten unter den ersten Umaiyaden,
cnn nft -ann fnfnnfnness ^mffn nRm nnr^n 1
Leiden 1884; ( A A ) Caetani, Chronographia
(8) t n l w w ...I) m<t,napcnn it -sRtennmsit
Islamica, -ot., n-si, Sff-s, StoA; S t . , StoV, S V A , v s o ,
^ n ncn w n 1
Vtoo; (A-s) Weil, Chalifen, f f f ; ( A S ) Ch. Pellat, Le
(a) ntntwtf wfnw-mfnsmn (a n j j i i s J ^ ) wfft
milieu basrien et la formation de Gahiz, Paris
nsntn R?m ^men wtffmttffnne^ tnntn "stc nfs^n 1 i;ff-o f., AoS. n.; (Aff) R. Rubinacci, 11 califfo Abd
(to) fnmn cmnn w t cn, f n f n w n n w n n wjenn al-Malik b. Marwan e gli Ibadits, in AIUNO,
mtn wtm^tnntf ifn^wt-nt#tf'QW-ntnmfnncwi N.S., fft. (ifeffS), i o i I
(n) niRmfcnn ai^n fne^n mm w n-sfnswn, cnesf
R. Rubinacci (E.1.2)/(:5nnffn A^
fnmn mfcn tmn Scan ntt 1
( V ) mtatA w f w n ^wns -ann <ijf^ct> -answn n f Rmen ^t*llR*H (jLLo.jij() s W t n w s n t f n w cntfwenw
cstnenn nmsm, ntmn nroi fwfn wtcnn cn, fmsnt cn-a^wn wnt nntwwtflns stwtwa (Adzhar Autoomous Soviet
cnte^ tfnnw-^cn ffsm nfsntw, sttf^ fen cn -answn wntmf^ Socialist Republic or Adzharistan), Ttn^sntfnw
fln I fnns? tnn Ainn'-an new I w f n i l ( i . i o o n'fmtn; iS9toff--an w n n t t i t w i , v v , o p o ,
(;) cstcsn W5nnwfi,nt^n5^,stnmf?^cw 1 f n m t t fnnsttn), n. n. wfwmn -an. -an. W ; n t w m f n t ^ i
( 1 0 ) n f f n f ffentwfn ntnrw w t n -s fnntn mnenn iVAfe "^cw i v n v f . nem ntftm f n e ^ fnns5 n t m fnw
wmwti ntesijn f t f ^ mt i w t n n n nf^n m^%t wtnteffitn cnt^;

(11) cn nnsn cnt^ fnewcnne^ nt|f,'sjfn m nfnm tmenn m?t f f i f f i w f n , w t e n f n , m f n -s f s s wfnmf-s
f w nsen wtsfcnn mort fnfnwwn [ntsjw cnesf wtmm fn'^m -attenwtcAi i J A i f . w ^ r m f n w s t w i w a n f ^ A S i
(i^j) cmf^Rw] I mtntRjiew, it., i i s
sj^fsif % ( i ) wt-wt'wtf, ntînifn-tnnifn#n, mm. ^ N l H (^ J jl) 8 Amm t f n 'wtf ntfnns (m wtffn-mfnss),
Ritter, Istanbul iSsAJs f., % Vto t.; ( A ) 'Wfn-nsTftn ft. nnn n w t f n titwntm t m f f n e n n w m w n , f f - m n n s -g
w - n t t m f , ffwr^-nnf^' mnntn-ffmns-, nnnem i-oAb ft., f . wtm-sS^--an w t , Smfn f n m f f n ( w t f n n f ) , R f n e w
toA-nto; (-0) tnn-ATnn, Rmfn-nnnm -sntn-fnntn ^sntn-fnAin, -siint-f^ln ( t t f m - t nti^-t t m f t ) , f n ^ (mwrn'Sn-fnTAi),
nnnem i o ^ i ft., sn., ivh; (s) mtn-ffsi^tf, mmt. w t m ^ ^ n t f "wtw.-a fj,t^ i
Ciireton, % VJs-Jsi; (a) Wt-ntntff, f f s ; , f . ffto; (to) w m t f n ftwt tmenn fntnrn stenetn ws'fw n t n m ' s w
csrr^, wtn-wl-inln, sn., s>ff-l>to. i>\r, i o i - i o A , i i f f nmt. ntnstntn S t w t R n nnrn flenn i nissinis nrnfnfe fnnn Rnnenn
tnmf ffjicw
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Contents
wmtt
WW (?TfT w t f t w W f s ?f& 'w:s ftmw-t w f t f , w t f vvsoft.)t f t f f t t f c t t I f t t f - a ? tf%ftet? f g . w w f f r ?
a t f t t i i ? w w f s w t f - t f w r - t Wfrwtfwt êW "Wft w w - t f f w ? f ? i t e w b-oo f t . ffffw ^tcw w f c f tf#?n wtet?
tw (OLAJI "al^J L . j l j ^ j _ ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 c - i j U W W . (wt<3Wft?w-wt?i? f c f ? f f "t-t w t w ? a.) I f t ? f t t c t ?
Felex Tauer, Prag 1958) i wfT? ^ # 5 ? f I f f W f W f t t t^Tftte? twft w f w t fttlflt? M3Wf? ( f . b-08.) f f f t c w
tl1rft-W'>GW W?"Wt t t t f W W r Wt-WWitt W R - W f f f f f t f r t I f f f t t ^ f f u t vs stffw? w f f f t f f l c t t a t i awtte?
Wt-Wf'GWft f f S tfw C % ? I w t w w t j f f ^ t t t f W W t t a f w ? f f t vs c t t f f l e t ? [ w t f f w f ? t'ftrte f r ? f ' s w t
w P i R ftia^t v3 s j f t f f ^ wttwt tIctt I (fftw t ^ ) - a f t m t ^ f f t w f t ? WW ffttte? I f ^ fvati?
w t w t ft. HVr t t ^tc tvjj t w ? (twewf ctttic?) tetr f c w f t CWCt ^ I Cft? a f W f t f f ^tc ioi'b cft? t c ?
f t f t t t t t f t cttt t i t e t ? t t t W t wiw?-a t t t f f t t t W f W c??tc? f f t f f ^^tte? 1 W f w t ft'ttfW?? f ? ? f f f W ? f c f c f a
w ? t - a w?}f?t f c t t I wtr? W f t wtf? wt?f?-a? w t t f w ? w w f f w r ? w t f fte? w ? ^ ] I w r t f c t f ?it? f r ? f f f t
tlct? (W^SWW W?, ^. O-bO) I W W t f t t t t [boo ft. t c ? (tro? fftc^ t f w we? f ? cwfet?ef f w t t e ? ? W f t f f w fc?? i
%?) f . W f f , ?t, ???] fwft wtr? W f c t ? t t t f f t r w f t t t f wsf? f f f t f f f t w ? T ^ f t t c t ? f e w f f t f c w f f f a W W ?
fte? ft?rw f f t c t f ftt? ffttc f f f i w T t a t i w : t f tit? f e t ?>e?tw T ? I T ^ t w f e t ? f ? i^ffrtff ww f t ? ?
w t r ? t T ? crwc?? ftttet w t r ? ttt w ? f t t fc?? i stt? w f ?f?ttc a f ?it? a t i t^ftrfff w t t f w f ? t t r t e w ^ t i t ?
w r f f ? b-e?ft.f w w r n w ? tfwwte? f t ? fc?? ( f . t W f w t f R f c ? ? a?i wtt? f r ? Wft-ww f f ? ^ f C ? ? I
Ww'W-t W W ? ? , V f ,feSb-)I a t t t e ? w t w f t t c t f T ^ ^ c ^TOif f w i t t f R ? f ? fwft c t f a t e t ? fcRfcf w t f e t ?
f f t e t ? cftftcf W f t t wtw? fff^ f f f w istet ffft cttfw W a f f t T c t e f W f t ? f c t ? I f f f t f f f t ^ e w r t t r w t (wfwttew)
w t r c f f^ttw cwt? I f s H fc?? I w t t ? ftft f w r t W ? t t t f t ? ? t ? t t f ? (V?e-VOV
w w t t t w f ^R-ftv5st? vQ f f w c f v ^ wwe? w t e fttJ3t ft.) t??ie? cftc??, f t w t e t ? f f i t t ? fwft w t t t t f t f w am
fc?? I c?t?e? ffft f t f w ?5?t? w f f e r f fc?? a ? i f f t ftttc? fc?? a t i t t f f f f - ' w i r f fttfew f t f w T I I W f W t f fft.v ?
t i t f t W W f c ? ? I a t t t e ? f f f t f t w t ? W T P f - a ? t?we? t c ? t t t f t w ? WfWe?? f C f ? f f f t wt?-WW?1t f t f W ? W t f
fe?fiffw? W W f c ? t a ? i f t w t ? w t r ? f ^ f t f w w w t e t ? f ? ? f t f t f C ? ? , w t ? f f f t fptwte?? f f i t t ? vg f ? ? vg ^ r ?
f f i t t ? f f w wet? f t f w (a.) ? M t f c ? ? I f t w ? w?^t trwwrtw? cfl-ttcf? ? " ^ ?^ w f w ? ^ f f w f t f t??i?
w t r c f ttfttff-'ww ( f f t - ? t s t ) fftffe f t f f C ? ? w t w ^tcw ftft f?W? WW f C ? ? (a. w l T f T w - t Wt?Wt, ff?lH-t
ftfe t t f f C ? ? ( W > G W W ft? vg Gharles Rieu; we? t t w t f l ? , w t f t - t cfe?fw, W f W t f ' f t , f . W G W W f t ? ,
W f w ' - t W t t t t , ?, tea cww W t r f ? f e a t w t ) i W W t f t l f t - W W t t , ^. io; W t f f W W ? f f W f W - ' W i f f f t ) I
WW? w e t wtr? wtl t t f f ffft wtwt f f t w t f ? t f c t ? I f c t f t i t ? r t t r w e t w?ftc?t'f? w t w f f r t t e ? f w j t t f r
f t ? f w f f t fffw? 'set f f f t ftnft WW ? s c ^ I cft7 ??ct f f f t fc?? a?it?e?f c t w e t t f w c t w t i i f ^ w ? w ? f t T t i attc?
ftfft CWf-ffwt W J t f f ? W t t t t w vg W t t t ? ftt?( T t I f f f f i t ?^ t i t ? t f f w f f f t ffwe ttiwe t?t w e f t i a t t t e ?
f? f f f t c t f a t e t rtt? T t a?i w e t f f f t i ^ f f t <3 f f f - a ? tc5f w w ? i ? f 8 f r c f ctffe wife? I fft??f??if f t w ? ^ T W t .
W W I f c ? ? I a t t t c ? fwft f t f t f ? - f f t - f ? ^ttf? wft' t f ? w ? t t f f t - a ? W t f e ^ t f T w? I f f f t ? i f t f f f t e t b<t<t
f f t - a ? f f t T t ( f w f t ? t w f t t , t w t f i w f ? t l f t ? ft. f r ? f f f & f t t f C ? f (W^SttW ft?. 8 o o ) I
flet?) I ffft wfwt *wif T t t t f (?.) [f. vrh f?.]-a? f f w b^ViS'b? w e t f t f f w t r t t f % f t t f c t ? 1 f t w t ^wi??
w t f w f t t ? f t t f l c t t I cttte? fwft f t e t f t t f t t - a a t i fc? W t w r ? w t e t ? tiwt w a ? ! ^ f f w # t 'ttw' f R T t e w
wt?t?-a >swtw ( t c f t f c t f W W ) t W t I t f f t f f t f l w R I wttwiet? f t w W f t t e ? W t T ? f f t t t t t f t ? f t f t t c ? ?
W'sww w t W f f ? ? i f ?f6w f t r f i t t i i w - a ? f ^ a f t f t w f f ( a w f t t f f ffiftw ft??et? WW ctft-www f t ? , so<t) i
?bw fc?? I w t r ? f f t - w t f%T f ? ^ ( f r ? f ? f ttFtt? t f t t ? f w te?t f f W f f f t f f t ? t t f c ? ? ( t t w t f t t f f - t i f t t t a . ) I
W W g. w f f w f , tiifif=i-wf'wi?, t.) I w t t f f i 5 t i t ? f r ? W1f?It V ? f v ? ? (Rleu, w t f ? ?lf b-o ?t? "G wr#t w f
*ttfr w t r ? f f f t r f ? w f f ? wtt?? w?? i f ? f t f t r ^ - a ? b-v t i t ? ) I f r ? f t ? t t f t w t t - a w?ffw I c? fte? f f f t
f e w f i t w t t t f t c t f f f t w t r ? t f t f t t fe?t I T ^ t w f t w wte??, wtt? f f f t f r ? ? - w f t t ? Wft% ftfw
t W f C t ? f ? f i t f wft t ?tW?-a ffw CWfCftCf w t w s f f t f w ffwe?? I w^sttw ffc35? f c f (b-i? ft. t e t ? f f c f ) WW? t i t ? }
we? ?itf T t a ? i a t w t f t ? a t t e t t ffft b-?e ft. (twwc? fttft f f w f c t ? f f w ? c f g ftwct w t r t s e t i f f f f t ? t ? t
t t w f tffcftt
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wtntft
tin I ntntn <3 wsntnjtîm W I M wtetn nin^t tin i . f f ^ ttfwm-ism ffnm, f. i* Shrenger, oiff f. 1 cwAntcnn
wTftnnn ntntinn nitnnnetn sffw tnetn n w m atn^ nsRc^n I ffwtnntm-t 1nft-t ffns'af?tnten-a f-antenn -aft ffnt
nên wtmnt wenns f i m m nnmft mmmswt stew cnît mt nsnRw nftntcA, a ^ ntfrt ^ssob-1 "Aif^-t t n s f n ' ste?
I
(mntw ttA, % 8 0 8 ) ff? <^fwmfnns wtf^ nsff (S.is>o j
R. nenn f^jntenn ftnn m wnmn (Ji^^^ <i^) 4 i f mft (ctr<p 8 8 )
I-
tne^) n'int w n , ntntn wn?.njt ^ten -ann ewnn wtwtn^pfff Sfw ttnteA ^mf^ s n f nsnw f A m T w m f n w fnnen
wn?t mt I iii tt. cntn ntnenn tne^ tnrnntn wmnsfn wn?f ^ptnifn-wtf'wm-ifl f-antcnn ff^ nsffot Sfw fnnte^n 1
mm wtfwtmmA'Sfe?fnffs ^ntcA, ntniesn mn *fnm tf^ntcA, wen S^ sfe^ n?J^ wtttt fffjmn ntt 1 mmw ttA f m n
^sntfffw nmf% wnnmnnîftn nnen m%m ttnteA; Smten nM sfe?n 8 0 0 - 8 0 8 f. wmtfn ^mftm, ntntn -a n f f m n nfm
fat-^RtfS f^ wftt n%teA >sRi nê^ Itmmen sfR fnntn S ^ nsfnmcAn 1 ntntm-t wtfnm-iara ntwns-a f mn t t e w
ntfaew fnntne nnenw ntn-ntwm nsen (wifwtwiA, m*rt. snft c5t^ S ^ f n n r c ^ 1 vatftef wmtm w m o wtnffnm
Aintn ntntw ntfnft, wt. fn.. An., 8 8 * ) 1 f ^ n t w f f m n f tfs AtsicA 1 wtntfn ntmnnfesn -ansft
ttnn wtntf ftn fctn wtm-aS^n^ fnenn wnjwn f | ^ 1 ffnm n t w n wfnc^Pte wnRw Rwtnmm-t ntmf
wtrntf^ nmm wnen ntnttnn nAm nsnt fwfn ntntn, m^ttf, (^jL^ <lû W U l s ) ntnns 5r?tnten n t n f ^ nftmcA 1 S^
mftm -8 ( ^ f t f )-cw ntne^pn-mmen f f w f t wtmn sr?fntesn wtRmn Smn ^fn^ ntnn stewcA b-b-8 1 cwAnien
stmt fnrne^ (ntfRfn-'Sftf^-) 1 wt-smn f^m-sf fmess wnf?w ffôtnmm-t ^pp' 5r?fnien-a wtntfn ntntmnfcsn -aft
f n tfm-s (jj.^)-m nnfnj ntnm wtmtfnw nsfnnte^ n t w n ntnf^ nftntCA 1 st?-wtfmmn Smn ^spfss ntmt AtcwcA
(m^mwtfA, f. 8o(?) I wntfnwtfn ffm^ AtnRtnsmftn <^ôn (ntfnf) 1
nsmfttwn Wfntf tienn I f^tf^f;^ nAm nsm, f n f n w?^m <3 (A)fnnwtw -aft ntAmn^ 1 ntnim-t wtffst--an cnnns ncnn,
wtnjtf^ns wnewn nnf nsnt f m n fnwtn fnfw nttstcA 1 S^n Innwfw nnem mnft nsffm-f?^ wf^ nftmcA' (mmm-t
wtenen f m n nsffm wnfn f m n nmten m f n ^ fnw Snent wtfnm, f . A 8 ) wm-a I g. Ethe, t f ^ wffn mtegf, ^Ftff
ffvsxpnm nntent cnf^ mmrnn1 cn fenn wnnm nsfnn nnemnm'sfnfnn w t f n ^ , w t n o-b-js;
S^ 5r?tmen fnfwtw'--an mnft
mm f m n wm-s -sntA'ntfn-'Qni^ (nefnntn)--iin n4nt ? R f ? e w nem -sm stnn f?n5 ftft n t n f ^ < ftmc A I SM?
mtntcA I f m n -sft fnetn nnenn -^Rwm (^^^^j^) cmt t^^^^csn Smmn stmnw n n n f f ns^ nfsw 'wwitf'n-ntfff iw
wttt^mft csms nftmcA mm wtmtf^wt m f f w -aft f a .sfe^ sfin n-a wmtm 5f?^c f f w 1 t f ^ wffn mtigfe
fnmnnfl (nm-t ttfwm, f. iîr, iSA) 1 fnnwtw'.-gn f f f t n "fc^ wm-a ftft fnnt n t n f ^ nftniCA 1
wtntfn <pRic<p mf=f 3pftf^ nm nm m 1 f m n f f o m f f f nmtm-t wtfnm -ste? fnnwiw--an smft f ? c ^ fntffs 9mt'
ft-s nfnnfw An 1 SmAnnrntt nm mn, wm stnnet wf?nm f m m ^ n sin^*^meA 8
wnm wsfcmwfn nsrnn wnwmm, f n ntensj w nsrnn wf<jf^, (ns) wrmfn-ffm, S^ nnm fe^ nfnes^nnfesn ntnsn
t^ sfcmn nt^-ffmena apft cnntrnn(SntAsenn wmg. nm-t Ethe--an wffnw vston
ntnms C8 fnftn^ nftme^ 1
ttfwn, f. iobr n., i 8 i n. -a i s v n.; Atmn mmw mfnf, An., ( f ) 'wtwttf'f-ffm (Wtf^-^fff, ntwtfnfn-nt'Fttn,
88br n.) I m-amw ttA, ^Tfnm wtwntfn ntn wtntfn tif?tncnn ispttntfn-wtf f n -a ntwm'Sn-ffAT ste? S^ nfm fsenm ntn
wtfnmn Scan îmem (nrsmw ttA, f 8A<2-) I S f f n S ^ f t f f f s AtstcA) ftmntw ^ntS^ f<p enf^rmc^ 1
f m n nfsw sr^mf 8 (i)fvgnm8Smnn%n(wf'SA^nf^5 St. Petersburg -a cwtncAcnen wnt?w f e ^ sf?
^ fnwtnenn sftinm nfsw nsfnm),rnrnn,nsnsRmt^Jifnfnf^ wtRnnnfCA Smn mn wntr 'nnnttf"n-fnrn nfnm Sfaf^
I
csfn nsffrnn nnIS 1 wtf^ nnfn n'fmnew, Sm mUnnw <3 At?ttcA S^ W J fsns 'wtwttf"n-ffnttn men ntnfsw (g.
f^tfwf^ wtmtf^ tnnnnfp^ n4Tm fRfff .1 fAm nmnt Saic %tfn-*wtRfn ntf cn^) 1 f?e^mnmffwffnntnnnenn
wtfntR^ R t Atnm cstns nftntcA 1 m-antw ttAm?R, wtntf wm mtrnn ntntw mtnfn wtfwtnnmA, An., 8 8 ^ g.) 1 wtnen
nfsw f-anrn fmm -a SAm m^fff cntnfeA fnmtw (f. ntnfen wnf?w fnm mtâfew 'wtwitff-ntffft' men S ^
mwtfnfn-nT5Fttn, % io, ib-to) 1 st.Petersburg- 5f?
m fc^ nt^. ntnRw nftntCA (wifi^ ntnit 8 i 8 8 -a 8i8ff) 1S^
f?e^ nffw Isnyt? w f f n 'wtwttf"n-mfff Tw--an ffnm -a
wiRnn, f. OS)!* -a cmenncAenenn sf?wtfmmn f. so-^n wtmf
nfsw f-antenn ntn Sfafsfw nftnteA (Charles Rieu) I f "n-ffRmtw (nmt. Wustenfeld, iA f. 'f.)-'an W f f f 1
f'smn-'an fnf%^ w f f f ^ n^nef wtfnmn wm cnfn mn-t
1
w n t i wmtm Sn sfâ cntss
<)j<)î<) R?itcA'i 1 S^nnm f ? c ^
t n m f ffjiemn
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Contents
wit ff18 Wit
f t f t Wff%ft W f T C W S 'ntAmn-mntAs nsR nenn ... ( ^

w n f ? w ? w f % W f sT^ftTCS'S n t n f ^ O^L.
nftmCA, 3!=fn^ nttrt 8 o A 800 1 fsmn-t nfwtfls 5fe? Sfw csrêfns stR-s wfstt ^ t t
( f ) 'WFitfM-wn, Smr n f ^ RwrÂ sftHw ^ t f f f stcntwj I wntiS^s}e?g c^Ptm-sntAnR-nrmAWsmmn'S^ffo
nfsw ffn-Sf-sfn'Ttrtw m n ^ str?n attn r<Ri (%r.-*a) iîcw AS mt I ^ ^ t i cn. Smew Sfw cw>s cw-a cgrss -s
f f t w I Swnsjc^nffs f n t n t f a i t n - a w t I ffRtwrp ste? S^fw cw-3 cw-s c?tr^ A ^ (SmAstrsit
(t) nrgn-nrm, Ssttw A J J ^ w % r ^mtrsfn Rnnt mi tfnaj fffffolA, it., (2-vn -3 fnmn-tm'wifAs, f. 8i t . ) 1 ffRtwiA
^ f t f C A S tfÂtn n f ^ ^^nttrA (nt^nrs w ) 1 ttnmt-t wtfnnt f m s ste? ntArnn-nrmn nf% ntm ternn wrmen-s ntm
atc^fsinwtw w r s f ? ^ ^ 0 5 wfsft ctr^ S f w ^ n t t i A I fnnte^ 1 ntAmn- ntniAS cw's fnm cmm-s ntnffw WICA
(o) ntAnin-ntntA -aft nnnjst? 1 wtftt-t cwfwtA ntnns nRntwmtmnnt 1
tf^mn 5fr?n sr^nlft: (it.,to)Sm. ftsntn-nintA-t ntif^-t ( 8 ) ftmit-^ntnn s t^ nnm mtef ff?nn ff? wmt mn
"tint w i t nttn S^rff ^ntt:^ IS^ tfwmn'ST? "^cw w t ntn, mt; ^m^-ntffn ffnntnfn 'wmt w t f f ^ - ^ f n
WtAW mA ntArnn (VA<j-VOV R.)--an w m m w t w t t O ^ H - i i J i ...i'.i. < ^ J ^ i i i ^ :,jjî)stc?SAramn
ntAmf ntwntetn tfwAtn '^<=fm 'niAiW ntniA-t mmf' nstm -sf?fjmt-t'smm-t-^mfn Ssfstw ^^ntcA I
nsm w s nsenn 1 ff? sr? nsntn W t 'mnW-t w i a W mA' (ft) wTnlftnm-wifnm s Smew fnRs atmenn MM< ffsn
jLiî j) mnss wtt tn c^fflntn tn w t t fntntn fnf AtsicA (etn tm enrf) 1 Smew.sA arsfn rnnsj -s fnnn
afcnetaf-sjtman nsenn 1 entten wn^mmen fwfn f f i tn wnnn mm\ nRntcA 1 fsfw^ fcntm f f m n nrftit Smew n f ^
f f e w mAntn ntmA'-n tM*fs nsm nsfnew ttew 1 -atstet nscnts AtsicA I W t wmtm ^sstenn ^tt ?m tttmcA (m-smw ttA,
n w tn te?n ffnntt nfsw "^m eten Sm Atntntntn mf^ttem f. 808) I f f t t fnSfwnren sffw 'wt-ssift^t-^lfsis'-'as
ntAntf fnwrnenn mntfew tt^ntm fnew ttew 1 -&fwAtfn^ Wffnftew (ntm io-s8 ft. f ^ smt AtstcA) -assft St3jmfW, -s
f f f n t w nfnmew 'ntAnin-mntA' w r sfe^ 'ntnw-t ft^sin ms wrnrn nRsieA 1 Stamffmn trso R. nn Rffn^ wte^ 1 stc?s
^ntfn t t A mtmn' (trtoA-vtoc- ft.) ntn^ wtt t w w t f ns-sss smft wsitenn tfnsn f n ^ t s (ns) ^-nt^ f^n^'wtw (wm-
nfsw 1 t n n f wtt w t f t co8 ft. t ^ ntAmf ntwe^ ctmtetn f s w r c n s n^fnm atmes nmAw ASS*, nm i)--an f? wif -s
tfwATn m f f , mfn^ sift nsfn nsw^ nfsw ^ m Smn f t wi,t< I (t) f f f AtfA (s.)-'iis fs w< mttrt 1 ( t ) fftenn m f
ntentfww AtnteA 1 t n n f w n , -annff f n w m n ffnnn tern tern; (n) c w c w f f m s mttn (wmm s f t n
tfnnfww nsRm mm e w mf< sr^ftt fnw nten stnttm fnnteA nrnRw ffnn fnnnetn wm g. ( i ) Ethe, "mnf ft.-wtfnnn,
(wtft-t csnmtwrA, it., toAn t . ) 1 f f ? S^ n<fntn >ip4t f ^ wffn niteaf, -aR<is nttn Ao-sto; (A) 'msRcnn 'f?tttesn
cwtwtA, it., Q-o8--a 'siAnrn-ntntA' w t f n s ^ nfsw, -at st?-wtf5rm, i f n ^ n t t i t iAtos> 1 -at ste?n f f n w wtntf
wtjft m srmtRfn nRm wmitff nsRnte^n 1 R e ^ nsesft fnf^mtesn, iroo ft. f n R m ^ e w T c n t a f w i t m ^ t n f f n atten
w e t f f n Sm w t f w^ nfsw Am mmef ne=nA armt Infwt^n-wnnm' sf? nsm w n 1 WAnrn tTA mAnrf
^^Rnteî (b-Aff-irob- R.)-ias ntwntfc wn?inmen fwR ntn ffStssm'A^
attnw, wtemsT W I 5te? ntAftn mwntetn en fnfw cn-sm tmn fnnm Setet tffg n w n-sntm ^ms wm ai?fw sjAt
AtsicA, Sm nfSns ncA 1 ffffaw, wtcntsi wi-sfcin cnntt<3 -Îmssesn, Sftn wtn fAm Rss& 'ste S^sje^ wffnf^ mftm nn 1
f n ntn wrmf S%f5tw A S mt 1 f f n w , wtentsi nnm '5te?n A ^ nmtens t s cnet ajwitmon ssfnm f f n S^ af? ssmn
s^R^H-f e-a (ntm essesfwt f m s ate? S ^ fsntem) w t f n fnsncntfncnt nsesn, Sme fcn nf^f fsnsnfCAS n-Rie^ ntf^^
f t R t f nsnittfn c w tfnsn -Q fmHn ntt 1 -awfne?-s w n -ant nsenewn ttft--an f n f (ntm f f n AS? ttnn f n c w
c w t m f m n ste? 'ntAmn mntA' snm stew nswsfn catns fim n^stA fsntflcnn) Sme ntcntfw nsenn (Charles Rieu,
wtmtn n s n f ^ t % frnHnrsit S ^ ^Rnte^ I tAte aintff An, f. 8-5) I st? nsrnn ^ mwm ir8o/i8-sn--a nm^ A S i w f n
ffnm-s%j ttsntntAS *fs^l< nfsw mAfin ntwntetn tfwmn wmm f f s n 1 wwgtn m^sf -s ffSfn wmm fnwn, attn wmm
-s f n f n# cn cgt^fn ntAntn mntA ^c.'RsfnfwtA'fms ntf^^swn I mniw ttA fAmsje?S^ste?n wtft nmen Seat
sfe? Sfw nsfnnte^, Smenn nn m sten-e ww nsmefn cst^ nsRntcAn (g. fms^, fnetnw f. SJ> AOS; f . nrsttntA, nrems
fnfwntet wtntt nfsw f n ntAmn-mntA w s m nsffm 1 - i ^ atne^ nt,, wt, R., 'J.toA)IS^ nmwnfA wt-sntft^- Wfnm--an sf<
Seatj, IfsfwtA* f m n slc?n i t . , (?to8--a fmtntct sRnte^ s wmm ê fttw 1 wrnrn (wttwtwtA, f. v-)--an nc fc^(i
tnmf fNcmn
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Contents
(tH(t
f f f m tTTtlt f f ffWRRW f m t e ? I f M f W - i f " f t sJTf wtw?-a? Tffw, C??H i i - i i > - cft? t t , ?t., 88>0-8ei
wf>a?itf?*i-ît?i<i-at *[ t i t f f l f t t w ?t?)ic? I fffe f c f ? v s f w a f c f a a f f t i t , f 8(tH I
RwiR f t t ? t ftrffti; T t t i t 1 f t * j f w - ^ i t - a ? c t t f f?1*illiitt#t (W. W. t.)/5. WWT?^ ?f
t i f f t WiettW a t f Cttfttt f C t I f t t f c n t i t I W f f f
((_5jjl)gaf1tff fWIWi(i)WW(?)Wftwi
tisttlft-ft1?1 arcff c t t f S?lCf c t f f t H f l t l t t T s ( i ) W W g 'wtwf t f t (wf WlWtWtWH t w f ? ) t t t
f f t t l t l c t t I Sperenger f T t îb % f T ? a f t f f f ? t w f ^5tc fff? ftwff? t f f tCtfftt t t w W!ffcC? I
f t t t t stmt ff?fc?t I i o o o ft. cw??tct ftictfatiff t f f : ifeib- % f C f f f c t t f f f f e wtW??t?wH twici? t t f at
w t ^ t t f t ^ - w t f r o - a t ftttff a f t t t t f t t atftff ?tîc? tft afcWt t w t tt I ?WC? f f t WW f Ctttfc?
(Ttttt tttf fiftf) I wrtfttffW? tWa tttw-wftfttftwH fW? w, ??i f r t H ,
atft f t g (i) tftf ft?, wffftsttff-o^5^t?1, tltcw wtwi?i?ft TWtH va tttctj? wtitw wt3t, tiffwH wftftf? f f
ft., 'J. o S V - 8 i ? fftta; (?) "wtf ct? ?f<3?lt, t f W t f t f t - W t t t C f <3 ftff? I
t f f i t t , "wrf w t f t t ? f t f t f f f ajffff, c??f? i>o?o ft. wf?if f f fw ?Rft? tf? wttc]? fw ttwc? t T ? waj
ctt? t t , fftta; ( ) fTt? T l t t ? t W f t t , t l W t t t f t - f f t f f , f S f f ? Wtf?tc? 1 f f w t t ? t t c t t *Rftt c t f ffWct? f f f tfw
f f f ? t l , ?>stffctt? sffftf, i?s.Vii3^'i^, ? 8 t.; ( 8 ) (Radlof Samoilovich) f T WfWCWftW, f f C t f f w H ,
tf>s?fR W f f ? , ? T f f t - f t f ? , C?irt ivei f , /t., (e) t t f H f t f t V3 fsptftH f t f t ??f?? t f w t f f ' WtlCSff tttw
ftf f p f - f ? f T N I t f f f , t'=1tf|v1-W1f'Wf?, S>S.5 ft. t l f t t t f t t f f I t f f at t ^ c t t f w t w ?? wt, f f t ! W f t t f
t l Q . , f f f f t t f affftfc? titfw, 1. ? i i V3 ôb vg t f f t f t f ? WW f f # i t f t t H t t H egfc ffwg ( i ) Wf tf?v3?rH, ( A )
afCfS T f f t f ? f f f wtttf? tlfw^ f t f , S.; {<b) W t f ? f i t l t f t , (vs) W f f t , ( 8 ) fftw 1
Wf?"ttt ?lf, Ttf t f " f t , t f . f ? ' M t f t f ' tfCTf? affttfc? w t t f f wtf? t t H ^ s f t V3 sfft t t t f f ffc^ tsfw^ wtffc?
tltfw, t. ft., (i?85 ft. w t witf), 1. t>8(t; (H) t t f f j t ?'=ftf f?t ^ t I ?îf? t t j ? f t i t s f t f ? C ^ f f tW J
wtf t?fff, f ? ? R - t tf'wft??, tiftJt T t f f f f f t Wftff f ^ ( f ) ^ 9 ? ? f 8 Vowel e ? f i t ? ^ f W ? t : afft'ftfW?t
tflff, T t t t f f t , t l f W t 1 T iSÔvfa f, l-li (b-) ttwt (e), W t ? 1 t ^ f W ? t (e) (attc? e WfffC? C t t H ?t^lC?) I
ftwift-f? W I T t I t , T?Tfl-t W i f t f f , ?>ftfft ifeoe t t t t t Wf?f <3 f f ? f WW ^tc itt fCR? 5 - . ' t a W ??? ft
t . , ? 8 t . ; (S>) f ? ' W t f i f f t f f f ? f 1 ? , l f t , C?Rlt iVO? f f c f t f ; Ctt? feget (fakat- LJLi), veten (vatan=
f , i t . , >!s?'\'t., e o 8 tItft, (g. f ^ a t c ^ t l f t H - t t t t ?
j ) I fw a f t tiCt ^ (Wft?) tlfi? Wf^ftfC fwtf T?
wtrfe?? w w f f f "f-t f t t , j, e ? t . ) ; (io) ' w t f f t - t t f
f f f t f c R ? W f t f c ? t i f f c t ffc f r ? f w ? t tftfw W'SW?
ftt?W-?1ttf f I f f f , t i f tltt?, WCT? ife?>b t . , <J. ( ), Yeni (yani- \i Q, me'suk
b\r; ( i ? ) f f f 'Wff Ctt Wftt? W f f t t f 1 W ? , Cttrt i^l'i.ft.,1. (ma'suk= j j ^ n o ) i
V 8 t . ; ( i ) f ? isWTt 'Wtf Wtttt, tftf?t-t Wfttw, t t t f ? i b - l i >T:WW?Ct 'e' ?fit wtftff W f t f f fWlfsft? t t w fte?
A i ; ( i 8 ) t f f i f f f t l ? ftW?t, W s f W f t - f t I T t , CTlft W?TTT cttte? WttttI? wtnw fftn 'i'W?To ; Ctt? enis
i?!e ft., ?t., 'b; (iff) 1^ C t t f , f t W f t - ' w f f t f ? , ? t l , CSM^ (inis), endir (indir), ekiz (ikiz), elm (ilim ^ ) ,
ioivb c f ? t t , f >bi t . ; (i^b) W^W? ftfff Ttwt t H , f l t - t etibar (itibar = j l . " i r l ) i t T ff' ^*ffev3 ^ ? 5 t g eyn
W t f ^ t H , f t t t i?S ft., % ?S; ( i l ) t ? " t H t ? 1 ? - t fit?, (ayn), eyni (ayni) i wtffff wtWf WW? t f t t f f 1 c r t 1
ff'?-t ? t f f W? 'Wf?t-t ' f f ? f t , C?aH i 8 cft? t t , ftft; t t w ffwe? g Irak (Irak), llik (ilik); Ham (yilan) I
( i V ) Sprenger, A Cat. of the Ar.,Per., and Hind Wtrtw ttf? av, ev-a? *fift vg w f ? f WW au-a? fift Wf?lf
MSS etc., Calcutta 1854, f iS., <\o ^ o i e ; (ife) Wtf? oy, oy, ou, o w t W o-a? tit? f f t W t T f ; Pilo
Charles Rieu, f f f f trftlff? l f t t f 1 , f f t f ftffsttlt, ^. (Pilav= J ^ L J ) , dousan, dosan (tavsan= t f f f f ) ,
8 o v b 8 ? ; (?o) Beale, Oriental Biographical odan (avdan), Soymek ( s e v m e k = f t R fW, t f f
DicUonaiy, Calcutta 1881, ^ i (Shaikh), Azari ?rtt), oy (ev), doylel (devlet = cJ j j t W t ) , dosurmek
t ? ^ .^J. v, AU Hamza t ? ^ ; ( ? i ) W f Ctf, f I f f t - (devsirmek), tox (tavuk= W S t ) , Coher
' W W t , St., >bbr; (AA) ^ 1 W ? WW W f f f , W t f ^ f W t t ? - t (Covher= j - A > a . ) i
t t t t f tffCftt
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Contents
(t) nT3Wn*f 5 (Gonsonints) S WtSttt W t n q (j)-'^? mf^ntsns nten n^nsn ffsf^ tfnnew gii sjsa^ mtt i f m t
Swntnnn laftnestm 'g'(^) mnt atRntPfw as, w (?tw ( C u w a s h ) wtmn t W wif f A i cnnn A h m e t g i l
(^) mnt 1 t n w i ^ r ^ mntn cwus tmn mtfajsi m^ nsm ntn i (Ahmet'ler), IVlemmetgil (IVleumet'ler), Hesengil
w t j nntnif q. ( ^ y m S w n g (S) mnm (j^)-'an mm (Hasan'lar)
ms I w m R f Aten tm qg--^ m Sîtm as; nms gaya fSpat 8 W i l t wtmn wwjtntjftn nentw fsntmn wm famt
(Kaya), gardas (Kardes), bakmak (bakmak), t n mt (necessitative mood) i cn wn?tcn t ^ atnntn
hegiget (haklkat = c j i U L a . ) , egide (akide l ,.i s f ) , snsessn (Optative case) ncsf gerek SJSA AS i cnnn
ayil (akil), teyvim (takvim= (i^>a:i). baqgal gerek alam, gerek satam, gerek isdiyesen
(baqqal= J L L J ) , Saqga (Saqqa) i (istemetisin) i wtcntfs^msm fsm "aft wtffswfR
te=nn nn;w Wtm n*f mm wtf't^ nsfnnt Sffnw Rsfe (glnen) f wtntft mmn m^m nm i csnn gelglnen
n<). 'g'-ân nfnne^ w r m n*f k m n ^ as; nnts Koc (goc), (wm), atginen (cfnm m-s) I attn nwmn wmrs^ fSsmm
Koige (goige) i fts^t mnenm w t f t rnnrn nmnffctenn f f s f ^ t ir SJSA^ AS I cnnn gelirem (WR Wtfmfl),
K wt#t ich ten ch-'^n Wfntn WrRw as s nm boyuk gelirsen/gelisen ( f n wtfncwA), gelir (cn Wfncwc?),
(buyuk-nw) I wesn y (^) S^stfw as m g il (yil), uz gelirik/geluruk (Wtnm wtfnewR), gelirsiz/gelisuz
(yuz) I ntAT C W tnsn njfwcnc^ aftncsn t d n n t c s (ffn wrRrew^), gellller/gellile (wtAmt wtfnewcA) i
nfnnf^ as csnn tut (dut), tusmek (dusmek) i X Wtm m\-(?nm f f s f ^ t mir mnA^ AS I cnnn gelmirem (WtR
S-ifls nssif t Rcn^ t e n fj! ,as i S^ ncR fcn Tsn< WRtefA m), gelmezsen/gelmesen ( f R wRre^ m),
Sm st%w AS; csnn Vak (vaklt), evdes (abdest),
stiffen gelmir...gelmlller/gelmille, wnrnniwm nit
dos (dost), tf? evdests, dosta-'fl -ann AS m I atten 'b' n^ (impotential form) g gelemmirem (WtR WfnewRm),
ntffcn w t atmt (tnmff) 'n'-'^n atmen m'-'fl ntfiffs as g g e l e m m i r s e n / g e l e m m i s e n ( f R WtfnewA m),
men (ben), minmek (blmbek), muncuk (boncuk), gielemmir (cn WtfncwcA m)... gelemmiler/gelemille.
mffapn g buynuz (boynuz), bende i ffifn nwfm nnn e r / a r nsentet tffe as; csnn
fftn wtnsfnns mnm
ttffm nm i wmtm c^Fcai tmn
'n' gelerem/gellem (WtR WtnesR), gelerse ( f R wResA);
fnnf w w (msnt sgffjs nw) tm
Tnntess wfntfnns m-cmnns Sit g gelmerem/gelmenem (WtR WtfnewR m),
fffoi^ AS I ntf ttsm Stmrnn Sm w-<i) nttiff as, gelm.ezsen/gelmesen ( f R Wtfnew^ m) i gelmesuz,
fnetnw ntn Retm n ^ w c ^ wtwn nstf mgmenn wef gelmezler/gelmezle. wnmnTW g gelemmerem (WR
nmAWAS I wtfnew tfnewR m), gelemmezsen/gelemesen ( f R
tnfw^ Sfwtmn nsfwtn t ^ ^tcw r cmt tm, ff? tmn wm WfnewA m) tnR i ntAtmnnft tamt bilmemek-<an mm
cwfnfSfSfnnnmt-ast ttscnrn wtntft Sfwmm nmnf<pn<iiss wwrnn mstt nfm nsm as I cnnn gelebllmlrem (WR
nsn nASsen m i ntn fsm sa<m Rsmt ten tm cntf tm i Wtfnew ftfnewRm), gelebilmirsen ( f R Wtfnew ftfsew^
S w t wRw mfwasm n t c f n<^ E.l.2-cw gtm i m)tmiRi
(t) wtntft wtmn mmstwten Tsne^fn n ^ nsm as I wen wtttnjisss fatmt g o l a m / o l u m ( w R stm nttn),
ntf, fttttscnm wmt m f w i cnt nssn Stwmm wtgn nsn ?in olascin ( f R stm nttcs), ola, olak, olasiz/olasiniz,
Ate S'stffs tens nesf t ^ ?in ^ê S^mfsw tens ffsf^ f 5 o l a l a r / o l a l a ; m-cmnsssiet 8 almiyam/almiyem
^ (5. E.1.2) I (WtR i2Rj ^Rn m) i nstsfnss fat^ s almisam (wR ntntR,
(n) t^ tin t f f (tVIorphology) ? ât w m t^ t ^ WtR 3im nsfsntfA) i tam-ffmnt (Participle) RRttnts^
tîRn Seatcmti n^ ^nf^^ sRnte^ (s. E.i.2) i fnes ftt^ fnctm (Gerundives) nfsns mnA tatmt-ff?tnt en/an-m
SntASt ctt ssm nttesCA s ( i ) t^pm t k n S ^ fnm n^nsen mmen nm as I cnnn gelen (Wt?ns), Salan (R*i);
z -m t f f s e s k nmAw as I cnnn gelmirick wtntft wtnm faiwts^ fnetenm nmsm f s t i -at wtnm ken
(gelmiyoruz) (WtR wtfncwR m), almarlk (almayiz) rek-ian tfnne ende/cinda rnnA^ AS i cnnn gelende
(WtR Tst^ nsRcfl m); Varajik m Varaclk (Varacagiz), (geiirken) i dik mm nm famtntsns ffpnm txs^mmen
Satabilmerik (Satamaylz) (WtR ffiR nsR m); (A) mmswsnm; c^nnnrnf^mne^tmnrnAWAs i
tnntft ffsesnn
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Wtttff ttftw
atftilt 8 ft#r W f t f f f t i f t WW g. ( i ) A . w f t f f Wtf? f t f f e fifR? l i f t l f W ? f f w t f t W C f ^ f f R S t t t

Caferoglu, Sarkta ve garpta Azerl lehcesl tre? t C t t f fftwflctt I f r ? R?t RTS? f B W f f e ? M f ? t f
tethlklerl, Azerbaycan Yurt BUglsl, Hi, f r c f R t W t f f e f t ^ RttCfWt W?St? f f f t i C f fftfffe f C ? I
Istanbul 1933-4. t t R t t t t t f W f t f WRttIt sff g W f t t f Wftcw? t r f f f r ? R c ^ C f t ^ r c ? tftw t r T l ; ftf
(A) Zenker, Allgemeine Grammatik der f r ? ffw ^ t f t t t f <3 f f t f ? ?? f c t ? f??c?vQ t e f t t w ?
Turkischtatarischen Sprachen, Leipzig 1848; ( ) ffwf?fl??tC? I
K. Foy, Azerbajganische Studien mit elner ctff f f w?t? c? t?t-tr5f ftft t t f f f t f r f l c t t f ? ? f
Charakteristik des Sudturklschen, MSOS 1903, ffct rff, ff^ttwtt Wftf <3 f f f r w w r w t f i f f
126-93, 1904. 197-265; (8) H. Ritter, w fc? I f f t , f f ? f 'wtfft r f f f f f f f t ff? t t w t t

Azerbeidschanische Texte zur nordpersischen Rtwf? ikfftfW W W f f f w t l c t ? I tfft c t f f , ft?
Volkskunde, Isl., 1921, 181-212, 1939, 234-68; t t w t t a f f f ? t r t f ft? wftff? f t f r f l c t ? 1 f r ? ttffr
(a) A Djaferoglu, 75 Azarbajganische Lieder ?5tfw? W f t f ? . WW a ? i f r ? f f f f f f t t e t ? WW? ttlff?
'Bajaty' in der Mundart von Ganga hebst elner wfw f t t f t Ifff f r ? ttwttfe fft ft^ tttttt [g.i
sprachlichen Erklarung, Breslau 1930; (b) S. (wwt, i8v<t-i<??(? f ) w?wtt?et? t f w w t t t f f f WWCf
Taliphanbeyli, Karabag-Istanbul sivelerinin wftcw? WW? f f t t w ?5c^ 1 W t f f j f t (classical) Wftw
savtiyat cihetinden mukayesesi, Azerbaycan wtw ^tcw t r ? w f c f j ? t t t t f t t t e t t w ^tw f f c f , ft?
Yurt Bilgisi, iii; {<{) M. A. Shiraliev, Izsledovanie ttwtt f r ? Wwttfff a f ? fbWtttWCf ftft tltTf
narechiy azerbaydjanskovo yazika, Moscow w t t t f t ? f f f t c f w e t t ? t^r f f t w f l c t ? i w r t ?ff, tfft
1947; ( V ) H. Seraja Szapszal, Proben der w t w f w f t c w a f t t t? f c t ? f 5 ? f fc?? I a f f c f fwft fff
Volksliteratur der Turken aus dem persischen ?T?TS w t t f , f t ? f w t r ? f ^ ?Itr? f T ^tew f f f S WW? C5tt
Azerbaidschan, Cracow 1935; (fe) Muharrem f c t t , w f t f f c f "ft? w w r ? t f w f f f w c f t e r t f c t ? i f r ?
Ergin, Kadi Burhaneddin divani uzerinde bir f ? ? f c t t f t t w?wtf?et? w r r ^ ttftewra r w w f t ? t
gramer denemesi, Turk Dill ve Edebiyati fftrtlctt I
Dergisi, iv, Istanbul 1951, 287-327; ( i o ) T. a t f f ? f t f t f t f R ^ t f <3 w t f t f f w t f f # -^tfew WCf I
Kowalski, Sir Aurel Stein's Sprachaufzei- t r e w e f t t t t f t ? w t w t r f w t e t ? w w t t f w f , Rtwfwf
chnungen in Ainallu-Dlalikt aus Sudpersien, w i f t w f wiewwR? ffet? f t f w f i t i w i w c t t f f f f e w t r
Cracow 1937; ( i i ) K. Dmitriev and O. Chatskaya, Wfisfttfe t t f wt3fffew cwfwftcwj? ftwftff w f f w t t
Quatrains populaires del' Azerbaidjan, JA. wftw f ? f t W o fftew f f c ? I a t cWfttftcwT? f t t f i t
1928, 228-65; (i?) Djeyhoun bey Hadjibeyli, Kor-oglu, Ashik Gharib, Shah Ismail, asli
Le dialecte etle folklore d u Karabagh, JA. we-Kerem t f t C?ltlf^f f f t i Wtfft ( W t f f f ) Wet fftffe
1933, 31-144. Wftvs g. M. F. Koprulu-at ftt^ at Wftw wi?t??t?wfc? t f W f ? f t WW f c ? a ? i . W f f f i t R
Azeri, in lA. w t ? w - w t r f t f t f f W t t ? tett c t t t f a f t f t f c ? i
^SlKtft R T t f ^ 8 atWTR R W % W ffe tftfW f f f e a t f f f r f R Rfftew? f t f w e w cWfttttcwj? w f f f f ? f f c f t
Kitab-i-Dede Korkud ( f f t ? f t wi f t t ^ ^ f t f twf? f i t , ffcftw t ^ vs w t t t f f w t f ? f f t wfft, wt?
R W % f f R ftffffe T l W t ) f f t f f f e f W W t f t c t Wttfff f f W f t f f (g.), w s f , w t t w t r f ? f f ? w f , f f f t w , t f w f
R f f r W t t t t ftftft Rtt f f t t t t f f t t t f f f t t f I f f t f l c t t vs?rtftef? w t r ? t r ? f f e f ? t t t f t i t w t w r ? i f r e t ? t e t r
aictlff W o C f ? a f W t tJfwWW f f t att. fw? f f t - W t f i t W v s f vs w f f ? f f w t t f w f f c f t f e s t e r w i te?ffft f w t f t
Wftft f t f W ^^Tttt I c t f f t f f f f - a t a r i f f ( w t t t f f w r f ) w r r Wfftft wftw ?5?f?
Wftfff Rffrw? f p c t Rttcfwr f f wtttt wffwc?t t i t f s flet?, ffcwcf? fffw? w t r c t wtttt w t c f t f ? a f t
^njff f W C f t f C f f W t W f f t f f f f f T f f t 'S c t f f I f f r t wicf? ff?^ RWfw T f I tftt f f f f f t f f w f w t w f -
c t f f f t t f t t i^Rtsf f f t - W t W t W t f f f c w t I f f f t f l c t t wftcw? t f f wt? f c t t i . f r ? Rtwtffe f W ftw?
W f f t W t f t ( f f ? i ) - a ? t t W t f f e I f f f w t ? f - f t a f WW? < 3 f f f (i\ivi'tfe* f ) w t t t f f f wffei trarst f % f w ffen?^
ttwf fffCfft
t.ft. ijHO
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f w f w ^ n t ttwn I R R n m #sR ^ê W W f f s r a mtffw^ wtemnen wwj ^ m t e ? i -at wtemnenn atnm

Rws? fnewn mt mm fwR mm i^fwAtR^ -a m n ^ flenn wtcn^tm mfnn ( f . iJsii f . ) i f f n flenn
ni^nntften srfwwiw ^n i Rewn ISmi -a wmi cnRienn t*t?ntn w m t f nm nsffm nsrnn w f n f n n w m w f s s n f i f f n
fwR cn f n p flw nRwf nsnt nsRntcsn, nnnwt, wflamwt atffSsmtfnm, s n t ^ -a w s m f f w n t c < f s s m cntf
fnfn w t i t wtntwTfcnn ncnr wtmn ?rt mtfw fwffew w i t f ^ m n f n n t f l e n n i fwR f m n w f a i t f w f n -a t t m f l s s
^nRtn *twtfn w t f f wmrs mnmntm^ nsfnwt nsntn nntctm tfStm f m tln'n'?l'r--an nttnR i fwR wtmn f s w wwj mw s>f5siCH 1
-sjinivfl wmtn wtntfn wmtn fnstn -a ntf"=fwtc^ ffnnt f A i m n Atf A*ntsn w t f n , nrf^ w m , f f f c s w (Fikret)
sfsntcî -a ssR Atfnenn wfsset f f ntflwT mm atmmfnw ststflenn i
-antffwtn^cwfwnfcnnfsmAS i w t f f ntftjwr snsw nsR WtAmn wt^mens ssffmn f f w t f n ntftwr wtcmnens
-assft nnw R?jn cnnt om i wtff nmtA--as tRtw w i stfww a t w nnn nsm rnn i m f n s -antfsfn -a 'wtsfs-mA'^ en
nsen fwn stesn f n w wni AS i cnt nnst nnattn -^fwmfn^ At^-antnf m t ^ nsrnn m t f w t t e w i 'wtnfnc^ ntetmt
st^tnff, mt^ -a tm nsntnff cnf^tew tt-antnm i fn,.ntftff^ (Magoma) -a A t f e s t f tfnstcss'nmmtt w m f ftesttesn
fnrntfstff w s m f f f wttt fnff (ntff ttn# s i n ; > 8 - i b r 8 n f.) w m f R m t j -a f f w m t j nsnm ntnjcn w t f n n f e w n f f %
f m n f f w fnwt -a nm fnwt nsrnn fnetn fnf% ntw
fnntflenn i -afne^ fnnst t t f , '-antenA' mntf -a mm-anm m f n atwtwa wnmmnwtenn twens t n stew wtw t w
ttffn (ib--5n-s>s f.) ^w^ t f ^ -ansft m f t f w cttif, wtnfness ctnfnesm SeatcmtJ m f ^ f m m f ^ Ate^cAn w t f n ntntw
nnmmt -a ttmff--a mfnm w t f n , mtf, RScsn (Newres)) (fAtmn), f f ntntA, w t w i m n f , 'wmfpAntt^, w t w wtnntnf
f n f , m^ -a mfn^ atft nsRn cnwcf. t f ^ ntftff^ ctt^ -at -ant wn'tens nem f n f n t s n m ms^, menn Sn'sn, n t f c n t f
^cnn atfwf^w w t f mfte^Js sjjcmsff wsTtAw tte^ I mfnm R t m , fs-antf fntstf i
mtfn ( i b - N D f f - b - b - f.) fnR nnfm tmrn nnemn mm S w st?t#f s w m f ntftcsm tfwmn wrnnenn n f e t m ^ n f f=f
ftnten tfnfsw, mmn cnt cnsntf ( i i r 8 i - i s . o n %) nswss iirnff S t ^ t lA'-aew wtfnsnfs; W C A I f . AZERI % s f 9mi
f. atfflw , aftfwfn ntnmtai t f f ^ (Ekindji)-ew cmtmn (M. F. Koprulu) i W t m t n ScatcnttT f^sfn stewcA s ( i )
nsesn -ant ffs nnm atfwwtess wnmntnctn snfwtn nntentsmn B. Cobanzade, Azeri edebiyatinin yenidevri
fnemt ssesn I Baku 1930; (A) -an. "Wtft ntRrn, Azerbay djanskaya
^nRtt t w e ^ ctmttess w t f mtstfnssw Sgfwwrstct k h u d o j e s t v e n n a y a literatura, Trudi
m ^ mm mn i amn w t f ntnmtai tRsf' (Ekindji) Azerbaydjanskovo filial'a xxx, Baku 1936; ()
atsntenn tn tms Wfnsct wm w t f t ntnmtai atsnf^ AS t Muhtasar Azerbaycan edebiyati tarihi, Baku
fwnsfnn ( i b - n s . - i V b - 8 f.)--a flm -a R-antt W F W t ; c^ffn 1943; (8) Antoligiya azerbaydjanskoy poezii,
(Keshkul) ibrbr-3-ji f.) ttnns-t nm (is.o-a-ff f.) i -at nn IVIoscow 1949; (<t) B. Nikltin, La Litterature des
ntnrnta attfwfn ntftffssenn fnnn c ^ tRtw Atsiflt i Musulamans en U. R. S. S., REI, 1934, cahier iii;
iSioff f . ^ Rtienn tn w f f n tfncnets wm -at Spe=m tfw (to) M.E. Resulzade, C a g d a s Azerbaycan
f:itemtjicn fstfnw AS -ant fwn fwn fnnn, nrm-ntntf -a edebiyati, Ankara 1950; ( n ) A. Vahap Yurtsever,
mf^scfs wtfnfn ttess i fwn fwn ntnrnta -a mnfnf Sabir in Azerbaycan edebiya tindaki yeri,
atnnetn ftfl^ tf|m mn s A"mtw, tstm, wmtf wtf^ Ankara 1951.
A. Caferoglu (E.1.2)/ -an. ntAffs nsmn f-ast
(Kaspiy) , W t f s w t m (Acik Soz) atffw ntnfnf at^tf^tw
AS I -at^fnn afwtf flenn wtA"mn wttn -atf, 'îf es ^mnn Hlf ( ^ j i ) s m o n t e n a t s R w S w t f f w s w n t m t ,
ntntA, 'wtf ntnmn cmtft ntff -s f A t w wtfn ntfn ntntA nf%t mmm wtsenn n n t n n r n n t ^ f m n f A s t e w nn -a C A W
ntfn ntntA i f m m flenn nrntft -a w f f n w t n t f f f f , m\ -a w n f m n -a mesn wtsens f n n f n ?innfcA n n t tRnAcnn w m
nnsf ntftT ntwSnfwns f n n n t e f ffmn -astff*pAln i fnemfww w i ^ n s f Sc6n ( w f n w n ffnfntwten -ans ^wfnf*it
f m e n n w f m f wtntTs cnteênn t e s t m w n m m n t n m ' i j n m w ^ t t f ^ n m ^ St-dromedary ) nnnn tfSw f f n m
t n n t f ffstesnn
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Contents
a HID
w t f f f t ts|CftItf3?WtJtJtTo fRlWlt-ttffttt^WtJltf wat f f f t w f t f f t f ? cftft >a f t f t i f fif? f f t

t t t t t W t W t t J Tt (Wf. de Slane, ?? t l . , ?<l), wct a t t t t fett c t f f I
f t s t t t W f t f t f ? Ctt t t e t f?tt t t - a w c t t =fc<? t t t t t e t t t t r t r t f f r ? t f t f w t t f tift^vs t t t a f t fwtf? r^tt
c t t c f t f t w I t f t f c t t?f w t f j t f t p t r t f , t t l r f t , cwttlt, t f f ? f t f f ? f t c t w t f t r r t tsftc wt?^ ?5e?t i ft? t t t t
tBtt, r t w t t t t tttftct c t t c t t f t i ?t' 1 tt%t t t c f wttt r t f f r ? w t ? f ?if ?? tlct? bSftct? ft? w t t t t f w ? ^ f f t t 1
t s t f s WR >bt f f ^tc tfttfe ( Anonymus of ftft r t t f?c?? Wftwttt? a t t f t ? a f r t r f t t ? fc?? i r t t ?
Ravenna) t t w t - a t t t t e w a ^^tc a t t t t f b i e t f t - a t târ? ttc?? f r c f f t t t t t t e t r w r ? fc?? ? t t r f ? t f i r t t
f l f f (Kounta, Moors)-tCt? ffwsn^ iffiTlt attfCft rr r t e f f f t r t f w t f t e f t i e t t t r r ? f f f t f r c f w3w CT?
tif? f T t t a t i f t t t a t t t t t f % t f t f c t w t t f a t fffc? I r t f w f f t a f t c ? f r ? c t t t fffe? i afet
t t c t t tlWtttfC? t t t t r t f t t I Taoudenni-at t t t f t f f c f ? t f t t tf*tt f f t r w t t t t t t c t r f t % ? ?et w f c t f
t t a t t f ? ctir-a? t t 3 t t f ? c f f t f f f t t f f t r c ? I ctctfw a t ?ite?? t e r t f f f t f f t t t , f f ? f tr, Tsfttff r'fttt r
t t 3 t f t tttt 'Q fra-at' f f t f r w f c f t t W t 'Q wc<i f i t f i t w t n f f t n ? f p ^ tt f c ? ? I ttttt? f f f t tt f t f c t ft?
(i8f-i(?f f f ) a t i iQ\r(t (. ttc fitttt r f f i t I r t t f t r ? Si? f t t t f t c f c t t r t f f csttt? t t ? f f r f t f ? w i f r r
attfttct ftcrfw t t t f t f c t ? r r t i ^ f ^ t r ? t ? a t t t t f t t t t t e t ? fttttr fftc f f e t f c t t i f t f w t'fct? wic?
f t f ^ - ? w^ titjf f g f t t c ^ t f i c f t t r r f f r f f c t t r w t r r f f ? f a w?Tt?T t t r c ? f r ttc? -^tr te i w r r
r^sr ^t a t i t t f t t t f t t t >a wtttt cftf wtsct t r f f f t tttt vs f t r t a?i ? f f f f f t r f f - f t i r w t r ? f t f e ?t i
tftcttf ^5t I fttt3ct f t t t t , ctsttt vs ffft-a? t t t t t t ftfft w e t e t t f T tffe, % f s f t vg f t ? f w t f t f e I f t c s t a r f f e
(Kanoari) Cfta r r ttfrft ^^t a t i attct flffft t t t f t f w t t t i W ? e f ? t t t Wft? f i t I a t w w t f?t fc??
w t r r t t f f t r r c t a r ? (Air)ttctt (Damergou)-a? f a w w t W f f ? -"ti^ vsftft I
f t t c ^ t t t r t f t t # 5 I a t t t t t f t c w t f r titwtf f tftctcf t T f f ? f f t f ? ft? f f f r - a r w - t f r s f f w c?ftc?, t f f
ftaR f r ^5t I c r ? f (Borkou Faya)-a? atcttf wt^ct? w t f t t l c t ? f t t t ^ w f f i w t w w w t f w cww^s rte? w i f f f t
t t t fttft ttlWtftfft t t t t Wt3Ct? ft3f1? wffftfc?? f f f t wtcfttcf? wfffw w t f vgft5eff?et?W f t w w t r t r wttfw
tttr? f r ^5t I t r t r c t - a ? f s c t w t f f witic5t?-a? w?tcf?ef t f f f w t w t fffe w i f s f c ? t i a ^ f ? ? f f t ?
t t t t f t "^tc t f t f c s t t t tftt?t Cft w t r t f f ? ^ Cft ^2tc r a Wfffe w f f t I w r w cttte? ttffW t f t o w f t f e i
wfwwtt cftaw r r t f t r f t Tf I w f t i t r f i t wt?ffe W f T W I f r ? tfttftct? t ? i f 3 f t t f t
ftftttfff? f r c f t i t f c ? t t c r a f t f a w t r t f t - t wtff% ? f f r ? ^ w r t t t t ? a f t t afW t t f i f t f f f f t fc?? i wfW tt?,
^tc twt t i t r c ? I tfwt t t r r t r r t ? ca% w r t t t tttttt ct t t e ? ffftift w f f f w r t f f t t ? t?tcT? wtfwj f f t t f f t t
t t t t c t t w t r c t t f t ^ c t f f i t ? f c f f5fr f i t I t f c r t ^tc f c ? I w r r f t f f f t r w r e w f f t t ^êt ?t t e r t ?5t?r
w t t t t f f <G fftt^-at t ^ w f t t t t t 3 t t f ? ' ^ c ff<3 t t t f l f ? wtftt w f t r f t t t c f f m f f t I w t f t ffe?3 f r ? f t c f ?
r r f t ftf^ffTO t i [ f t ?vsr t c f s t r t r t trt'^ffr % t f c t it?icT? f w t r ? fte? wtf t c f I
ftffrwtc? I ft? w f f c ^ f f f ? 4 ifat t t f f e s t ^ f f ract? fi^rt
I
f f f f t g Capot-Rey, Le Sahara francais, ?t t l , t f f f t - w t t f f e ? ? t ? ftft c? t t ? tttc? ir ^^wftfff W f f t ? vg

f T t t f t iS>(?S) % ( f f f f t ) I f f ? f f f ? M i ? ?T? ftfe? I f r ? W W ff ^ f t f f ? w f ?
J. Despois(E.I.2) / f ? t r f t f t f f t f f t f ifettw f i ? f f f w t ? af?vs' ?fww xsite? 1 f w ? ff
^1*11"^ ( ^ j l ) 8tft-a?ffj? t t , f t ? - t W t r t (5.) r e t f f f s f t t ? a f t w t f w f f w ft>5 " s t t 1 g

fftffe f f t t t t l ^ r c f W f t t t f f f ttf (5:) cttff t t t J f f C f i 1 f t T f T w t f f f t , ? I f t W f t f t w t , I w f w e ? ???
ftftft I W f f t f t e t ? f w w f , 8 I f - a r t , Q I ??? f t ? f f w f t t ,
(E.L^)/ 'îRtf t t t f f t b ittcR ww-t t f f f t t (?t? W T f ? f f t tf?), H I w r e
^l^w ( . ; u g erf ' r t r ' r f t f f ? , V 1 ffstf-ff?t ( f ^ i w f f f ) , fe i f f w f t f t f v s T r t
ffttff TflftttJ 'Wfftt, fft, ?sftff ftfffT a f f t f ttttfttf I c t w ? (o wtwc? f f t ) , io I f w t - a w ^ , ii I r f e ?
f r ? wti-fgi? t f f e iftf tf^sr r t r i et ffft fttn W t w t ? , i? I w t - ' w t w t ftfffw, i I w w c ? e t f f 5 t f t
t f t i W f f R s t i r t t T f f c t ? (i<ijsi-ib--<i f ) t t t r t f f e I f s t f t , i 8 I ftttc?t t f f f t ( t ) , ie I crftfc t t w t
t t t t f ffStCfft
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(Mro WH-'WI?tn%fA
f m n ffwm ?nif%tfs5 An i tAm fcnn fnn f m n ttwt f n

w m , ib- i v o i f w f n , i^ I fsKn wrnnm i nnnf ntftRi^ S^sntfwtfnict f m n atR fnw tinnm ttmtm mt^tctn
ttntm-awct f s m tnf^ ?m wnfnnn I f f f w wtnm w n i nn^tfwren wnnr i o fm-ft'wt, to(?/5
wg m. w m ^ nnrnn wtt%, tsnto wtRct f m n RsAtnntemActn nsm cnmm m\ An i
( < ^ > ) g wffwnrfnns wf fv nsnsu, fmm, l^n f m n mtef ait wtrnfA êw atfnrnn sn, twR flenn
f m t r I f f f w -aft fffsmr ftrnm tm mm fnmrg (i) m^ fnentt, cmftw c ^ f n ^ wffptf, Smn, mAf, w^
fnfn ntm m^ n^dnnwm m:^ siemn w r sn i tm mnmt-'an f^twRn mt. WWJ nntf nsnfn atffwn i f f n -answn S ^
fnnfw I n^rm w^f wnrrsfw fnm (Smsnnrnif, m^ #m?m ajntnns flenn i nfts wtms f%fn nscfe fnnamfm wtmm w n ,
wnr ntsKnn w n stcn mm nt'ian mttmnf^ mnn stew ^pifstfenn wm fntnt enwn atm m f w n -ant wtAtcnncnsfn -s
StmS'SJAt ^^Rew fnenn f n m cnn, wm -at nen -a^ fnemn wtf
wmiAfw (msft afmn) i 'mrsfn-<3niAmn mpn-mmif wtmn
ffmfn-fnH mm-fnm ate? fnnmnw <itt ^ f t Rnfw n ^ t f w w n cn, fnf^ atmt m f w nnmets-s cmn w< armn w t stcn
nmrf fnfw^ mn"mcnn fwf fwf nwtnw nrtmt fnmenn, f . m I fwRt attn f m n cnmmftf -s sm^r wmfenn wm fntnt
Goldziher, in ZDMG, ib-b-8 f., f. toSto t . ; cntns, men enwn R ^ n w n i w f n ^ f f n attn ^ptRf t f m fnR
Die Zahiriten, mttinn i V b S f., toV t . i
'gfenne^ csntnttsfew Remt w n , cnwm tnnfften ^wn
(A) mfffm ntan fnncn tsm m< na Wmn ntm mm nif wn?in n f f n ê ^ntfln I
<i5tnnm Anm rnrnt w t An i f . Goldziher, in f f n f m n nft -s w fftetn tfnmnns m'fm t f t Rntnenn
OrientaUsche Studien Theodor Noldeke...
f < nn<n ntw nsenn i -iitwm f f n m'fn tnn fffmness
gewidmet, Giessen iJsoto f., i t , oon i
obto/ssn^ nten -sntfn Sttfncw f f f o nsenn i fen m'fm
mfwfenn fnf^ w ^ flenn i f f n -sbo/!!i men f s m f f m
I. Goldziher (E.I.2)/ fmmntmffn f f tn 'sntfnnicf nmn ttcnsn i cssnn ftms nsf^ nnesn wm
wfH-*wr|%sr (5. wtn-mtnntSn-Amnt) -wtsm tn^jfw nf&ntfin i attnmn otob/^n^ nten f f
wmtmfne^ (wmtef^, fne^ stm) fnn afcnretn wm fmens
wrteT-'^l^*l (g.mf^pRmt)
wfwf?p nsrnn w e t -ant f^fnrnn -ss-s/ssbs men ntn fmens
'^rtfhf %^F# (g. 'wtff 'mtfn f f f f f f )
n f nsm sn -ant f m n nfnn n w mewm^ nsm sn i cnt, n w
'^rt%fi c n ^ , ( L ^ ^ :^>c i ^ ^ - o ) s f f n i t o t ffw^ ^tnm nnnet nsnw -ittntt nsm Atsifit i f f f ^ rnn
nwns, ngfs mtnsnrcnn mfntm msn wimm mmffn mcnn test f R mw w n -ant n w -s t n fffnm tm i tsn RfRens
fg I cmnn w<f mn^ wit i ngfs wtsjcns mn-t miwm Sntfn atmn wtent wm-'wrfess wtfff wn?tn S ^ sn i f f n ntft^j cms
w n I mtnm mnnrg fntmn (-afam i(?b-A-cn i^b-o) flenn i -s^P^fcf |fn^ mnn nsesn -ant fsnm, w^nfsn nsfnttess Rests
ffgtfcnn m^ stew fwR cwRmmfw -fwm w n i mtnm nsnten nnenw nsRm fmenn wm wrm n^n nnrnn i R R
w m m wnsj sten n^fs w i w n wtsicns m f fen nntn w n i wm-ft m -8 wm-'wifens wttn ntan f5retnfCAs Sts fw^
f s m msnrn fntmf ffsm ftmc cnn sn i f f n wtsjftcgn f g f n m tn)iff wftc^s -a^ttm "^^-a ssm w n i
t n ^ fnf^'fn w r m fnntA cnn -ans. ffwm ffspc^ ffgiCA f m s t s s f -sntfntt f m n nw -iiw f^#m -sntfn ten
f n n ^ niAmr w m i ngft mtnsmeng f w w n n fncn ngf5 wfntfew ttffcw. ttesn ntt \ fstm êmr 'wtf tnn 'Snm
nfncnn, "wmm 'wtfenn ncm f c ^ n f amtftw i Sm wfwatm wm-'wtRrm, wt^n-wrm w f w tsfn-fstw (-sbiAssA), wm-
nsm wtmn ne^ nsn ncA i" ^ntnn tsff-Atmn wm-ntfsnm, wtf fAimn tsn 'wrmn,
ntsmtfJiemn wm-^ptfn t f t mftA' (tR tmt ffnfnenn -asswn nsemf flenn)
^-^srtft^ ( j I) g Rmn wtf mnfm, -ant mem afT^ w< nfbn ^ tnn cnffsm (v5b(i---5bto/
fnm - m R f t f n n -ans ntmn ntwf tfnen attn ^n^ sn i is ^s(2--!^to) ItR f^ sntnnft flennl i wm-'wtfenn wtn -asswn
fAisstn, 8 8 / i o cn, ^(t(t wtfnet f f n wnjstAt nsenn mi ftm ^ f < nsnwt flenn ntifsnrnnfmnrnm(mmnenA) i f f n
wm-f'tm v5to8/j9S8 men f s m atwt 'wtmiitAS f f m tn fnfsnt ffsn^nfbn flenn i
fmens ffiwn S w f f p t f fnntf5w nsenn i R R i i ntf'S^-mf, S^ ten-aw? fsm <3 liiwr nrgfn fnemt xptfwfcns sf-s
-3toft/ib fecn^, &Hff ( W t m i 8 ntft*^-m^/Ai fScn^) witnct netn mttten nsmfmrnst tRmn^ i wm-'wtfn wtsm fsm ft
t n n t f ffsemn
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wpt-'wifk i%t?
a?l f J f f^Sttffelft WFT WftOl? WW? atwc? W1? C?f WIR-'Wtf? ftftt ftcf"3 t f 5 w f tt? f C ? ? I f t R f t - W r ? ,
1 ? ? % ! ^tW fUB? I WH-'Wif W? f w D? f ^ WW t f f i ? f l f ? w , W?'?, f f t t t t t w t w e t wttTfff w^lf^fl^lf^?
Rfiffff? WW a?i f w w ? r f f t ? ?jm? f r ? f f t t e t ? WW w ^ # e t t , w i R - w r w t t f w t w t t - r t f t Rtet wtfftw t f w t
f w s f i c t ? I at f w f ? e t ? f e t f w e t ? afW? êttcSt f r ? t t e ? ftff T l I w t t t j ctettwft? f f f f t wfwtt-'wtfct?
cwtwietet? tnffiw^ a?i wi?w? w e t f t r t f t t ? f t t w t ? wttcf wits ^ r f ^ w a I
f f w t t r t ( W T ^ t t t f t ) t w f t e w t (<T*/{i>v^ ) w f c t t i wtf-*wifet? t??@ f f t t f w wcf a f w a ffftret tfap?
f r ? ttaf W W f f t e t f S T t t t s t p w f t t w c w t f f t w e ? i f i t I f w f t f ^ w i % f t ? f f f f f f f t t c f f r ? tfw t w f t f
fttft? f s i t w t 5 w a f e ? t t f r ? f t f t i t fterftrw? fct^s fCtt I wwgt? f r ? f J f WIR-Wff? (1-b-'5}/feb-8-S.S!3)
w t - f t w e ? f t f t w f t - w t f t t ? ( c t ^ w t f t s f f t w t ) ffwt afttiCt t f w ? WfCWt? Rtw fCtt I f f f ftft CfT?3Rft
f t f f f t e t ? Wftff Wo f c t t I w t t f w a c t ? f f t t c w i s f t RTW t t wfftt? t i a flctt w i f w r i ftift tftt? w t f c t i t ?
t t f t - f f t f f f ' w w t f t t t wtwte? t w t f f f t f t t f t - t c f fftw? f f ? ^ f f c r t t t ?sftc ftr fc?? w t a?ia5et
f W w ? t r w ? W f - f f o t f w wttCR? tft^ J3?t fffe? i f s f f t ? ^ e ffewcf f f f ^ ftfw c f c t t i wftt t w w f f f f f e
t f f r t w f a f w t f t t w e t ? ff5pe^ ?j?ft ffte t f w f t ^ tiet? w t f ? t t e f fftw? t t t w c f t t f w w w w c f t i
w f t f t f wtw? I f r ? at ftf? t*et f t t w t e f ? t e t i t e f g ffft fStttflR tiet? "Wffft-W>QW? tflw fgttfff WRf f f t t
w t c w w ? f f t r ? a t i w t t t c t ? t f t wtwsKt?1fiFc^ ffew fct? I f r n t w i R - R t f ( f f f w - ttfR-wt-sfcw)-? t W t f W W
t f t t f W ??r I f t t w ? c t ? e f t t w f t f w ? WW t f w W|f ' w t f f t - w w ffcstt at fftttw f e w t f f ? t f t f t t f l e t ? f t w
f s t ? f f f f w c f w r w ^ ftfew w m f f f cterg f r e f ? f i f w wte? I 'wifft-W'w? Ri?fww f 5 ^ RSt at tftw <jTt
WW WW r w t f?? f i t , w t f a t f i r c f ? c f ffw t f w t w f w w , ffft t t f t f w f e f t f f t t t ? fffcw? I f f s f t T
fisfffflw f T n I br^/ti>s>'!4 w e t 1^ w t c s t f '^jftCt? RfC* R i t w f w te?; w ? t t f t wtffc?? tc ' w t f f t - W G W w f t f
a f t t - w t e w t w tfttw ?? 1 t r ? f c f a f t c?t??? ^^twtw ?iet? t t w f f t f f t f t ? ftfc? w I
w w ?t?ift.=i a t i c t t w w w t w f f ? t f f t i t j f t i t w f c f wiR-'wtfet? f w fcRti f i t t t w t t r f f t f w a t i t f t f
w f f f W f T ? ? ! wwst? trcf^cf tftfbic? r w t -a fCllfIt tfi^ ftet wicttew wtfrc f r ? wfftt? f t w c t t ^ f W , w r e
f ; ^ f r Wl 1 w t r f ^ e r t wft^tfct? w f f w t t f f t r ftesi? R'aRi?f w t f w t
wtt-'wtf? fst? W | f e t ? t f f t ? ? f t ^tews. f ^ wwttff fftcw tie?? I tfwt f f f f f e ? ? r t w wftfftc?ft?
f t t w t c t ? t t f WWttft t w t f t flwR w I ffft f e t e t t w t f t t f f t f w t t f w t t t W f t t t w t w - w t t f f f t ? wtett
f f w W f t t t fftc? I t w t f (t)-a? ' W W W t e t ? f c R T C t w s w t f f i w t i t ? fffe? w i w t f t c f w t w r "^tc wit f f
f f w f s f w f t w t , voH^Sitr? w e t ? w w t t ? w e t t t W f W - wiR-fwif? ftiewcf '0'j}8/!He Rtet w t w t ? w f t f l i w fc?? a t i
w r f r m fffw.ct>sr, b-vs>s.i w e t a f tttwcf f t t ? ftft w t t r f w f c f t o p ctttti t w t f c t t I w i R - f t w f r c f t ? ?
t w t w f t f f (?)-a? f>awwwt ?ttt? WW tffe t t R tnft f r ? 5tew f f w f f w fftc-Wttf flctt I wit-'wiff wtffwtftct?
Wff f f f ? w w ^ f i t I o'hVfe'^^ w e t ffft w t e r e ' w t ^ f f f t ?tew w f f f f ftt^îte?? t t f f c ? t I W f f t w r f t
f t t e w c t t f tit? W f t e f e r t t fe?t i t w w w wwtt? w e t w f t ' f e t ? t 3 F w r f f w t e t ? Rft f t f f t t t f f f w f l c t ? i
t f t i2Fttw twe?f?ff f f t l t W f t e a?i t f W e t ? t t ? fttt? ^ff/{i)<\'5s w e t wTR-'wrff wtttwtfct? fft^c^s wt^we??
tfw?t a f t i a f r ? t f ^ f t S i t w ? w?ct '^ I ctwcf awft t t w c3?t f c t t I w t f t e f ? f f f S ^ WR Wtw f f
wtt-'wfftet? wwffiR t f t e w ftwffnf t f t f f f i t i f f f ? i ? t ? w t r ? w r t f w t c t ? W f t t w t f c t witc?tfWR a?i
fWtt? w t t , f1C5? fwtfttCS!? tfgw w i t , t t f t f f f f RTtfW? t w w t w w i R f t w t WftfCt f W f f t t t fife WW ?? 1
r f ftifftta, ff?t w f W f f t f w? tttft f r ? f f ^ f^" ctftw f f f t w ? f ^ ?? a?i fffctet wtettR fe?R i f c t
(af?i? w'wfR?Tf ^te f r ? WW t r i f t f ff? r w c e f w i R f w f t c f wfffsp ^ e w r t f t w ? t f w t t f w f wffw
wtfw. ^ t w f l t ) I a t w w t p w f ?j? ?t, wt5 wit f t w ffe ?5i I WtTCf re?? f t ? f t w w ? t t f t t f t ? f e s ffw f t ?
f t f t f w w f t t f t f w t t t t - t t t w f c t e f f n a t w t e r t t e r w t ^ W J t f ft??i? w f w ? RT ?5ftc Tf (o^'^/fe'Hv) I t f w ? t?te
tffw I f f f a f t t c ^ wtw fttct? w f f f w c f WW f t f w t f t f a J T T? a?i ftft ffew w t f t w t f e t ? ffwe^ w t f r t
ftwIWQ w r w f f t t t t f I f r ? 'Sttf? t f t f f f t R i,oo,ooo t f f r t w f c ? t a?i wf?fef t w f t trftiw e wftf fc?? ( f ? t ? r t

f r ? ctw? ttte? a t i f t t f s w t f w t f f f # t ? w t ? fftc? i <iib-/wt% feib") I f f f ftrtfwtct? w t w ? e t ? wtr t f w
t t w f ft'Sefit
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w r w n cbtt-s nsfnntflenn i wneten wtAtnt sanesn n^cn

R R w t n m m f m n nRs n w w n n w n , f A m f f f nrfAfnA nt^^-snb/febb m e n ' F t R f ^nmntftf ntlntss ^stew
f A t w n f w m f f t e stAn w n mt. n m w f f f o w n i f f f ^ w I R R n t s j W wum atAt w n i -sbo ftstft men t f n
w n m f n w i r n n nen t f t ffnfnenn fmn f*tw ^m ff^ram ffffnenn f ^ t s f W f f s f t # w nmt mw w n -ast n t s ^
n f f s An I W -awm t f w ^ wicntem ffstcs S p t ssRew nnf An i
tm ne^ n%Fi mfntfens ffsi f n w n mff: menn mt i t%m fme^ f3iett%w wn^mn ^nmsiftfs nnf?m f w j p R
ff^mn nn Sm wtnnmfenn finns f w f s mftf&m Nnfnns lan?, cnn I f f f nfbn tsn cnnfênn stcntbrnn (ntmc^ n t s s ^ fmws
-sjen enfntftfn nnm înmn--in w s n n A S I tnn ffnRenn f w ^ f s m ffnntflenn) nnRff cnmtR mYr-m^sw
wmwn Rnmwn 'mnn t n n n'lfncAs cnwef - a w n ?nm f m n f n n ^ f^ ^s^ nsnm f|ew ntss'fse^ tRwjtt ^wn i w r nt^^^s
fnn^ e f f s A S I f f f f f n w f w ^ ^ nen -antffRfen tntfww -ant -sbi/Sicii men Atnm%nn f n f s n n f f s An i mwstn
armtnfn ^^Rew mm s n i -at nnn Atnmf nsem mtf w f n n f m s sfttntt w t AS 1 m'fn-m^m f c ^ wsm nsrnn t n
mfnfss wRmenn m < estm nn fffnfen wn?tn n # c f l e n n i wm-'mtftcnn ntwj wt^Retn ^nR stmn w n i f ^ - f s m -at
temfim R R mâfnn ^ste fffw ^mn%mn nft emniemn tRîHtmnmennfenfwRf'g3fet t f w w A n i
?tnn fnntflenn i f w f n s i t f n m f f n f m n nft fspwifnns t%Fte^ f n s m wten tern fntenn w m ntfêss 2tt^ nfbs
w n n f f w mesm i mm-'wifm f m s tfsnew wtf wmlnse^ -8 ffnes wugn.atAtsnff w m tnan-^ mnn wm-mfRf -s mnmft
wtffm mn <t>fse menn -at mfnm f f n fme^ wtamn f s m w t f f - w t t n e ^ t f f s j t t m f t wtnswn w t f s wftiff w n i
senn i Atnmft f m s Ae ^ An -ant -otois/S'ns. nten f m s mn -obVisisA n m ^ste f m s f f i tf w m - ' w t f n fnsfnwwten
nm nsm AS I nnRft enmiR -at mtmesi ne=nAsm^ ffnm ntnn wtenfctt w f n w n n wm atcbtt mmtstc^, f f f nmn ^stew
w n I înnm -s f w f n w ^FtR-ftenn fnnR wfnm, Retn ttenn mt i w t ntnntftntt nnm wtAtenn f w . f n w f f n
mnnrn t f n w f w t s n w t A ' ^^f nfnmRw wfwmn n w w i e n wtentetm w t f n e n n n f n mn f s n t c A i t s ^ - m f "fnf nnfR
stfwA w n I -onVisb-A men f f enmiR n t n m f m f m e n n f f cnmtR mtQwtfn attn wfwnm t f l s m m w n i R f Sm
^^wness nstfw f f : nnm Af I f W R s f nntfww stm ftnn wtentetm m'if wncntesn nm fnm n m ^ s n i w n t j wtentetm
tmnn w n mt cnmn ^stew uqnft-s^ (wtmmffm) nnn w n , fsen -anft-sew mnntftn t w n s fswenn ( w m - f n f )--an
wwstn cnmen ntnntn&itnenn wt?tn m w n i ^ T f mm f n n ^ w f t n w f^ ntnftw Atsifin i Scam cn, nntt f ^ f n .
wtwt'ft w n mt -sn-sAb--!) menn ^n^c W e m cstRw An i ttfnn <pctfnnm wn^msnen mnmf f o t c t s mmen wtcnfctm
wm-'wtfR wtn'o wicntem mtenn wtm ctmt nsffwn i f f f wn?i wnftw ^ m <pfenne^ Ae^t fnnm fnent fnntflenn i
t s n ffnRn mtRft m f f n c f s f f Atnm%ns nrnnta f f f R -obA ftwtt ntenn nntf^mcn (S-S-A f f e ^ etn Rtm s.s.-s
nctt.fscsMi f s m fmess Sm 'ê fsnw ttffw n ^ nmm mt f f e ^ 'Qnn:w) m t s w r f n t f w , fnm wfnfwew -ant
-at^Rct fR ftfcnn Atnntft tns ntf^ness f f s wfmn f^f wm-mtfnfn stennmra (cnwm fmess w t Atsifin)
fnsm - a f t Sttnsict wtffw mf^tenn i R R f m mm ntfnfesm wnemn atwitms f n m m f n f ^ atwjtnwn w n i wtcnfcm
n s w tknn s j w w n mt wtentetm wrfs m^fn-m-eW wtfntewn nfnn:t n n R f w f s f w f t fntm f n n m t n
fsê^ f f s i c A f s m ^nems nnfens mtmn mn nnrnn i n t f ^ -ob8/(i>c!i8 nten ffStn wRmn t f n f n w s n i atten wnemn nsm A S
-ss-s/feb-s men mtentem wfwnten ntftn"^m i f f f n t n m f t n ntm ^ rnn ?tff s n i w t n mtswtfm fnwenenn f n n ^ wsfns
cnmtR sisnin c w m wtentetm niAtesj wttitm wtenn i An -ast fme^ s>s>8 mens enctgn men -aesmftn n f n f e n
f W R s t , fnR wtn n t s n t f t n tnmmfAfc flenn-anint^'êsn mj;#et tfn w n i w w s t n f n n m wnemn ssm A S -ast wtm
nftw cmttcmt n ^ fncn, fmess R t n nsessw stmn nsesn i SiSift ntens cn nm tn nmn ttess i -atntess wsemn nff&
w t ctent^ wn t m s n w n -ant ftnen m ttfnm (cmrm wtn f^fn ntfnenn w t t n m atwjiAw A S I fsjess Afnmf f w t t fnnm
rnnmn c w n n wn?R fneflenn) -acwes i p t R f f - t c s fnetRm ^ e w wtffm wifnslfletn i ngtt wtentctt n ^ ^Renn
fme wtfnm c'ftcAn i t%sFt f A m atfwjyR n ^ nnmn mt mt, f f ? ^ - f e n s Rnn:^ wtenfcm wrfntewn w a t n f
mfnfcsm nnmesn mff^ms f m s Stn w<n sscsn i f A m nRs wn^mnfcsn atfwn^ n j < f e f R f ^ f s e w t i f f m n m i w t
wtn f w f f s t cmt cnn i t n n R f n n mns^ fwffsfcss nfna f f n tmntes-assnn ^ cntwtcsn ff^ftflenn, w f s fatcttf
w f f ^ f f : n -ant f f n m ^ ^ ^tew fnewes>(? mm R s n f t w w T ob-VfeS"!* mm f f t f f , Wft-t?t3, 8 t . , * i f.; ( ? o ) f I f f f f t t f , f t ^ - W W f ,
sn?R3 fttw ft?t5 ^ >S C^<i(?f |f ?5gt T I I o f . , (?^V, <ib8, 0^1, O'Jjfe, 800, 81rvO, 8b-fe, i 8 t . Ofei ( ? t . ,
t?? C t t f ^ ^ ^ ftftw (Rft?? R5?f3RR wf?tt^ ^t?t ftw feo); ( ? i ) C a l c a s h a n d ' s Geographic und
ttet wtftfttw a f f t f o ? (Rl?T3 fttit f ? t ?? a ? i f r Verwaltung von Agypten, 1. Vr, tro, tro, i o o , i b - i ,
tratnîttOT? f ? f w w t t f t w i f w t f f t t ? ft?5W\ csfftw T I I i W ; (??) t t f f t f t , f f w i w , f W f , i t . , o'^fe-b-o, 80V, 8(ti,
atte? ttiuwtft?fefe-b'^%teR? ? t w f t e t atftâf w t e t i e t t 8(?% Sbb-, SHo, ? t , i(^1, ?'J5b-, ?'^'^, ?b-8-<?, Oibr, 0 8 i ,
w f w f e t ?5e?fft w i a w t tftwttt f f t t t ? t ? w?e?tt t b t i ^bb; (?o) W t f R - W ? l t f ? t f ? W t f t f t t f t , W f t - f ^ , t W f .
f f t ? t % t ? I atlt'Sf ite ?t??tft?'2t?j?tftf? Tsewet? f e t Popper, ?f., ? , i-ljo, f t f W R l . S t . , ii?-it'b; ( ? 8 )
wfttftft t j f e t ? t t t t t t T I I ftf W f wteftett ^ i f 5tie^? f f w f , ^ - t ? , f t t e t t i o ? i ft., ? t . , i 8 , 88, i?fe, i8'Js, i e e ;
t t w t t t w f t f t f t twtttft? titf?t ?i? I t % f t f t i tte^ w f i t f (?(?) t f ? t w t , W R i t f t - f l ? f W f , i O i ? - i o i 8 ft., i t . ,
^ t t t t t f fe?? a t i -oiil^f 1 ttfwjttftet w t f - f ' t t e t t tn? f t ? 8br-<fo (fffwftet? f f f I R t t W t f t t w T R t f f t t t t f t - T f t f ?
ff^p^tew? "tttti? tesf ttr twft tfsttt?Tttttf?ttt??iet?iat ?f5w f f f R - w t f t t ? a t t t W f f f w T I Wt a t i f r ffti f t f t s ?
f fe?? I ftf twft W f f "ittt te? a ? i t f t t t ? e t ?v ? t t l f l t , ?? t f t ) ; i^b) Di Gregorio, Rerum a r a b i c a r U m quae
ob-ij/is wi^l??,fefe-bwtftet t t e t t ^ f t t fe?? i a d hist. Sic, spectant... coUectio, Panormi i'^feo
% ? o , b<t, \r<t, fefe; ( ? 1 ) Amari, Storia del
wtt-'wtft? fttte?? t f t f f f f f t t f f f ? t e t r ftsteê?
Musulmanl d i sicilia, ?? t l , o t . , obr<5j-'); (?br) S.
t f t e t w t t f s -a f g t ?jfw f l e t ? i t f f a wtT? t f t wfft f f T ?
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Rtt, f f f W f fr? w f t e t t t t f t ' f t w f f t w j , www ttttta
Ages, t f f ^ ; (?fe) V Rosen, The Emperor Basil
^ t e t ftRftwt aRtft? f f f f t tft f f t t t f i t I w f t t t f f f t T R t t ?
Bulgaroctonus ( f f W W ? ) , C t ^ f f B l R t t f i W o
^ê ettftw Rtt? t f w Rtst f w t t , t t t t t , tw a f tt?
1.i8-i(?, i'^-ife, 08-0-53, ?88-?(ô, o o i - 0 0 8 , a ? i g . t f f B ;
f f t s f Rftef? wfte? ttetfet^ WfT? Rtw f o t t tf^ f?f ît i
( 0 0 ) A. Muller, Der Islam, i n Morgen und
s t f t i t s ( i ) f f t f t o t f ? ? , f f w t t wtwifffft-fttt, ?t., 80?
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t.; (?) ?f?-?t t f ? R f t t WtR-Wtftft, Annales, t W t .
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Cheikho, iSb-ibo, t W f . Wf. Kratch Kovsky
l a Nation Eg, 8 t . , L'Egypte arabe, ^-ivbr-ifeff ( 0 0 )
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P.K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, f f f ^ ; ( 0 8 ) ? T t t t
(O) W t f ?3Wt'Wf?-"?if?t>3?tft, t t t t fff? WTSftftftR-ftft, ?ob-
t f t t t i R ?Ttt?, Wtf-ftfwiffj? f t f f f ? , f f f S ; ( o e ) i& c t t f ,
t . ; ( 8 ) t f f t - R T t f f f t , f f W f f R - t R l t t t t t Rt? t f t f R - f t R t ? t
W f t ^ - t t W t , ifeSV, o f . , ib(t t . a t f f S ; (055) ftw'wl?
BIFAO, % Q-? (i>fe?(?), ife-?^ (Vt->i>8); ((?) t ? f t - f 1 t t t f f ,
'wtft"?rit ' W f f , w t w - w f t f t f - f f f ? f f t - ' w t R f f t - f f t w f f R -
t l t t Wfftt fttf!f, {. i 8 - 8 8 ; (<jj) W t f Rttt?', Churches wra?tt, fttett ife8'^ f , f f f 5 ; (o')) f ? 1 W t f f t f t ^Rt??, "ft
and Monasteries of Egypt, R W f . Wf., Evetts, 5. WttR f f f f t t - f f f t t f t T t , ife(?o t f f 5 ; (obr) M. Canard,
f f f ^ ; ('O t f ? ? 1 W t , Hist, des rois Obaldides, RWf. -a Histoire des Hamdanides, i t . , bHH t . , btri t . , -bfe-b
Wf. Vonderheyden, f 8br-8fe (1-1(?); (v) t f t W t f f ? , t . , 1.1
t f W f f f 8 ? f f t t - f f f f ' W f , fft*t fffff?ft t t f f f f Or , 'Obb-Q:,
M. Canard,(E.L2) f . wf?fR t t ^
t a f dov t . ; (fe) t ? f R - W f ? , RWf., Tomberg, t?f^; ( i o )
f f f w t?ftR-wt, ft?fwfff-ttwt, t j f f t t t t f t f f , (Mrb-js, t a f ^SRT^R F ^ , C^LT^ ( I J ^ ^ ^ J ^ ) S f . ifei?
(^8v-i<^8R; ( i i ) f l W f f ? t f f t - W f f t , wtftt ?TW?, twt. a t . t . , fftrtw f f f t w t a I w t f t w "stew ft.a. t r t ( i v t e ^ . )
W??f?, i t . , is-b t . ; ( i ? ) t f ? f W R W ? , Annales d' fe?t ati T t t w t f f c%e5 W f f t w f e t ? 1 ifeofe Wfft
Egypte, BIFAO, ifeife, f 81-(??; ( i o ) t f ? t t f t f W ? , ? l ^tcw w t t ? wew? f t w t - t f f w f t f t t f e t ? cwttett
'^^fe; ( i 8 ) c t t f , f W f ; ?t., ifefe-?oi; ( i ( f ) t f ? t t t f t , cteaFStft t f f w T t 1 ftft ftff^ tftitt? f ? ^ ctet? I WtT? wtrtw
Wtt-WWft- f f f f ? , RWt. Dozy, i t . , ? 0 1 f., ?<K?, Aei, ?b?ft?tTT?ftf I
?fe'^; (ib) W t f t - t f t f , twt. Reiske Adler, fft'^; ( i t ) WlW tfsiefit, it./?o(^
t f ? f t t t ? , Wtt-ffWW âWt-tfTW, i i t . , ?b-o-?, ?fe?, o ? o ; w r t ^ fîi ( _ > . ^ y^j-^) ftte?? a f f w a w f t f
(ib-) t?? W R ^ , f l - f W ^ , ios>-i^î8 ft., tff%; (ife) t f ? ' tjfw I t f f a ff?wte? ( i ? soo... (ti) wtt-'wlff? f f c f ? C 3 F W
ttwftftfcftt
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Wt%pTASS,'sppf
w^tcn ntA<3nmfn ntwin fnmn R m f n nft -a nfetm mRm

ntewm stmn nft An 1 f^ârmctn f n nn fmsRmnn cwSn
s|fwff%n^ mmi flenn i nsf, ntwffw, nntww? atffw Rnen -s*
ntm st? nsm nsenn 1-
mtm fntemn, i t . , AO-IJ
ii-) S iA-S
nen slrnn f f t m Sfewmn bnnnmt men w^jstAt nsenn i f f s m
mn rn'smm f n wtAntn i ntnmnen ? t f n f e n annff^ f ^ -a
t^nmn ntnatmn t f f m f w t n f ft^ w # T nsenn i
Rsff nen f w f tnntfnm ntnntnm wfw An m\ wmn
AtfA, m'pfn, mnR"^, f f f ' A atwfw fnncn wmnn w n i
m n f n - A t f ^ mântm w t n f n -antfn -a m-amm WAmn mmcnn
fnnst 'ste atfw w m w w n nsenn i ww?fn fwfn wtnewn tm
stent? ntAimnfs mwtfAs^ Sfsi ntnnmm wfw ^ ^ t m-amm
wmfn-ntAnm w : ^ f f n ntAsen mffm ^ n n fnnen f ^ w n
f>f^ n m nsesn i t m n fnfwR cn-an^ mn^-'Sfcn wf An i
wwgtn f f n A i f f n - S m w m-amm witntn> wtft t m t f (n)-n
fiAMR^nnnntm i
i-s8ff f t w f nen f f n sâtm stwrtnwn mm -ant f w f
tnntfnm ntnntnm f * t w m I P nsenn i i * nnn mnw f f n -at
S^ra wtft^ w n f m o t w fnesra mmn nft Strfna ninstnis fnmt ttsbitnt nsRm f f f ftnten stfnf% m
RnUn I nsenn i i-ff-s f t s t f nen m-amm n t f n WA'nm m t f f n t t f f
r?f#f ? ( i ) csmfA t W f , fnmsftw-t Smw, tnfsra i-s^b- m-amm n t f ^ f n wiAmn--an mew mn'wtw ^ -ant t n n f nnen
f t . , f. -58-*;, ( A ) E. Dicey, The story of the f^tmnnw nt nsesn I
Khedivate, nwn iJoA f., f. -sb i f f f w t f f n ASS ^^(t^r f t s f f nen t f t m tAen f w t n
B. Lewis {E.L2) / f . W ^ nAssfn nAentf^twm ntffnmt nntnfn-Sfn men - a f t ntfntm
^''prrft (^^jjiJ^>) s ii>b/i5-s(}-, fntltwSi{ sfRfliw nsenn; tm nwmen wttnw tnmfnmt t f t m men tjtw-ant
f n I mn fnnffAi'în mf, w f n ^Rmn i fffnm nHtn ^te mtntenctn -assft attn c a f n t n m f 9m cssg^t tfnfsw i
nnmf W f n n nnmn i rnnrwi ^cw n t m r g m f ; m f m n n f n f f ^ flenn -amntcs fsf^ t n m f fs^ttfi, f^t^tfft, fwtftn,
f ^ m f - s t A t w n I nfmlnfnnir nsfn A ^ n e ^ a fnftn aiR^ nsfn w R n nntw w^mm i fnfw^ cnet f m s w n t t j f f n nftntcA i
nifnws wfnnm nsfnm nsm w n i m-ontm ftnf fmif f m w f f n i-sbo f t w f nen t%snn w n i
'n^-'wm' ( f n f n stmn) n%wn; nnm n?s}A -snmntA men f m s Scgtcmtj f w t s ma ^tcwcA t m f n mf^ mmm
afrnf^stntcA I w m f s n stnitw f n m n w u n fimn i w t f n ^mnn, t m f n mf^ m-amm m n S f n ASS, m n f n mf^
mtm fm^mnn, i t . , AO-IS m^mm t t f fAtmn tnmss, m-amm f ^ f s m ASS, m-amm
f n f fAtmn t s s t f n , f c s sntnn m-amm'fnwm WtAnm n t f t f , '
w r t f t f t ' ( f . w t c b c n f mm)
ntenim fAtmn msm n t f n t f , m-amm w t f wtAmn aift i
wrt%[(ff^ ( i ^ i 3.e>^) sntnmn, ar?tft g o>) nrantm w t f ^ At^, rnn-t w t f n (Sij) f ^ n t t m
n n f , nrtn, ib-bi.-i58i.(?) fnf^fi m n f n fH^mfnn ntwffw^ i w f f n w t , w t ^ ffm, "sSrnn; (A) m-amm m t f w w n - W A n m ,
-Sfii^H f^stmenn f m f n . cwmn fnnmn f n i fnmtnm m wtnffm-t n t f n ( n ) , Alt At w t f , btstm; (-s) m-amm f n
ffmqr^ fR w n f , nnnft, Sf. ^ f ^ t i r a f c w ^ m cntAtmn w t w f , m f e A s w ? -a tfAin, -anmfnm mte^f, sns
w n I nnnnf mffew sfcnf nsfnm fwmmm njtfwfiSt -a mwm, msn 5
w n ^ t n An i wnnn -stAcnn f n tnm wnwfn nrcsjin mw? nft. iiAimn w t ^ n%si t n m m m f
t n n t f ffsesnn
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Contents
wif3?nt,'5rr?['s?nf
tt??-t f f S t f t t , tfft ib-a-i f , 1. ?8<t-b-; (<t) fft-?tRH t H ,

*ll*^^fl*, ( j j j I) ? T l f f f ? t H t f T fsftW? w f f f t Wt?lff?f-t W?-t f f f t , Wttt i?ti>b- ft., b\ (b-) 'Wftft-ttf?
??jfiv| r ? f ? cttf, i?o8/i <Tb-ji> ttet ftfte wtitTt f C f i 1
tt? 'trtRft', Rft^-t wr?f, RCWt i?}i>i ft., (. ? 0 ; (h)
ftft f t ? w i t f t - ' w t f f t ( g . ) f t ? ^5fttft-ftft? (g.)-at ftft tttwtft Wff W t ? f , t i f l f t - t ttttt, C t t ^ ifeot '8J., 1. <b?;
i ^ f t r f s ^ ^ - f t \ E H <3 f t t R - t t t t t t t t t t t t f ? fttf5 f f t ftttf ( i o ) - a w t t t f t ft??, ttftt, Rte?t? ife8H'[., AHV-V(?; ( i i )
> ^ - f t i W t ftfwt t 1 f C f t I ftift i?8/iV?S ttet ftftt WttfR wttr Rtttff, ff?rft-tf?ttft (trgfft), it., ? A O t.;
fwftttet? t T f f t - f f ? (tttt ftbi?f) a f ttrft ttR (i?) Cttf, - S t - t fRt, wrsfttf iO>!38 ft., 1. 0?t-b-; ( i o )
f f f t i c t f t f R - t t t t r t t f t t t f t w ?? 1 w H - f t w f r t ? t t t f g A Sprenger, Oudh Cat., g. Wfftft?; ( i 8 ) Storey,
fttft f ? f ? WRftt?t f w w ? t f t f f Wftft t t r t f ^ t f ? f ?
i/?t., Ji>??; (id) f t f f ? f t f Rff??, 'sttWH-t Rfff, (tt#ftt)
tft^WJ ftt R f S H f t f I f f t t t f f t r t t t t f t t t i t w f f f f t t t e ftiff i ? 1 i / i V C 8 , 1. i i o ; (ib) fftff? Fallon,
W r t f R t t f t W t t W t M f t = t W 5 f ? t ? t w t t w t f t f f f ? WRf Wt?tftff-?5Wtf, f f f ib-8b- f , 1. 88<b-b-; (i<t) f?IWf t f ?

ttt?ttl.WfW- fwtfet, W t t - t f f t f t Wff f wrtfffff-ft?t
w t T H wftttew? I ftttff ftifct? f c ? f f f t ? c t f t f t T f f f ? f ?
f t w ? ? f i t f f t f f -3 f f t e f ? fit? f t t t c f a (1wt?t t t t ? j % w r ? f f t - t t f , wtR-wtRwrg wrg-f?wfR ttwtf?R-wfw? atcft
ftft W t t - f f ? t ? f ? f ?H'-Cf Wt?r5 tfîJWttRtst? WWfW f?t?
?tff?tc, ftctffr^, cf^ff i o 8 8 ft., % H% (ib-) t f t t S?rsf,
t t t f f fe??) I ih-dH }. f t t t f ftite?? Rcsf w f f w t t f f ? tc-HC? f t t t ? t - t wtftf, tte?t? ifeov i t . , d-o-bi; (is.) wrtffpt?
f ? i c f f t ? i f ^ f ? t ? ? I f ? t ? f ? f t t t i f e t w tftti?R^ f ? r ? t H 'tttt?', f f % f w - t ?f??-t ttttt, f H ^ ib-<î f , 1. i o i ,
R f t t w f t ?few?t ?sf??t f t t c t f f g s ? f ? t ? ? I f t f t f f t ? t ? i ? 0 ; ( ? o ) ftlff ?rtH t H , t?tf? f t t t t , f H f ? i?b-b-ft.,1.
f ? f e f t w f % cf?w c f < 3 t f ?? tcB, wet wt?t^ f f t t t ? f f t f t t t A-bo; ( ? i ) W t f s t f ^ t f t ? ? f f ?r?tw-t Wfff, ffft ifeofe
C f f ?? R t t I Wt?t? t f t t t l t J t ftt w e t f I R l f ^ f t - f f ? ' t C f i t . , ?fe, ?t., ?(fo, Ob-o; (??) f f f t - t ^tf??, Wft-?t?r f f t t
ftcttef? i c ? fwft ? T 5 i f ? ?tewj? f t t f t f f f W f f t H tttr, wttt ifeoV t., {. 8 8 ; ( A O ) RfWttff ( f f t t t t f ) ,
(ib-(^<^-'b(^)-a? j(?tfwf?rct ftc?ttww f l c t t i wt?f? wtrttj wrsfttw, <tt., d-b ( i f e ? i % ) ; ( ? 8 ) M. Garcin de Tassy,
Wea? tett ftiff ? t t H t H (g.), ?tfftfR-?lttff?it t e f s ?5t?wf
Histoire de la Litterature, Hindouie et
f f f ? f?IWf t t c r f ^ ttctftf Wfft f I R t t WftfCf? ftwf ttRf?f
Hindoustanie, t r f f t t ib-<to., i t . , ? t A ; (?(f) Cf. WT?trf
wtft-tr?i?-a? t t t f c ^ t c f t j I ib-'b? % ffft t w t t w t w ? t f fl?if, W t t f Wfftt ( f l f ) , f f f ife<N3 f,g.wtf?ff?i
t C f ? a??, ?? ?SR? t ? ?8 f f f t - W t ^ f t , b?b-(?/i(J- ^5tlt, A. S. Bazmee Ansari (E.I.^j/ctts Wt?ft t t ^
i\rbv t t e t t f t f f t t f c f f a ? ? , f f f t c t t f f ? ? ? I ^l*l,c*ictl (g. tf?r5F)
w t r ? ? f f e t t f f f f ? tett f f f t i t j f f t t t f ftiKt? t t ? f f f t
"ftilwll (g. w t f f )
??; W?t*rt w t ? f flwft ^ ( i ) ftwt?tR-ttfft f ft??
? t f ? R f wti5?-f??tt, ff%fifte f f - f ? e ? f t e t ? tf?t? ft?i?c? ^îrtR, ^ f 1 f ( o ^ i ^ ) s(i) at f f t f?tff
fe^fct ^ t c f w t ? t ? f t f t f ? wtttttrt (?) ^s w?T?t c? f f w Rtstew? C f t f c t tirs wifcut 'j?wct ttettfw wwjcf? w t t
t f f ? fffffe?? f ? f t-s? f ? t ?ttlc?; ( ? ) wtf-f??5t-tt?ff f tt??w ^t I w t t ^ f ? tfct fifbw a t i ? f r t t c f f ? wtf
^ t t f w f t w t - t t f f f 1 fwft ' w r t f f f - t f t w t t f ? ft? ? t t - t cwcat w j H (Van)-a? w i r t f t c f ? t t r ttc ftettt f f
c?twrs?H-t ftR' f t f f f f t f f ? a f t t t ; f w f t f f c t ? we? f tt-Q f t ? f f C f ? t t r ^ c w ftetffww ^?tw i W f f t f f ?
?bft\si ( f f f t , Rtttirte^, \5oo) I f ? t ? f f f t i t r ^ f f t w t (ttr?) f f t a f t ^ - t C f f f (wtf?f f f f t - w t ^ f t ii^b8/ wfftrf-
tftttf Wl?ttf t H f f f Wf?t? W f ? t f t - R f ? t f f aicf f ^ ?t?ic?, c f f w f f iHdi) ti?ic w t c t f t f t f t t RWcf a f t t ?f?t t t f
f f i t ib-8^b % , S ? - i i 8 I ?t?, wtcff? f t f t t c f f f f t t e t ? w t r f?wft-t f f t i - t
atft f t s ( i ) f t f ? f ? r f i f Rrc?tf, W f t t f t ?Hftf?rt, Rc#t ^TtftfTt? i ? f r e ? f t e f t f f ^ t f f l t , Rt?rm t t r t n f c ? ,
ihob % % fe\5-8; ( ? ) t t f f ? r t H t H , W f f S f f f T - f f t , f t f t f?tef? ffftc? C5tffft a}?t f c ? a f Iwftt' t f R - a f t t f
i?Ji>(f ft., O t . , fei'i; (o) fstlfft? ^tf?? R t f , t i t t f f H , "bct I a t ? ^ c w r c t f ? f f f f f c t ? wr? twrw ctf?5Cf?
fttt i?fe<t ft., (. <to-o; ( 8 ) f ? t H 'Wtf, W f t f f f - t f t r t t - t 'j?wrf ffettt f f tttc? Rt, ???. wt?tef? tftte f t t t i t c f ?
^ T " ^ , RCWT iJi.i8 % , ' j . feo-8; (d) f t W T f t t H cm^, ffettt t W s t e ? (wf?"ttf?tff', Hicri on ikinci asirda
f f H - t Ctf?l?, tfSt iV8b %, 1. i o - i ; {b) tf>e?f?fWf t H , Istanbul hayati, t W f t ifeoo, ^. i s i ) i ffwewT? a t
t t t l f fffCfft
t.ft.Vt8
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Wo
wst^ttaffs'CT^ f f n t t m RcsiRi-o st, w t f t t f.,?t.-a Pertev Nalli boratav, Halk hikayeleri ve

mi, -at w r t t f n cnf fm? nnnfftwrcn fln m i w t halk hikaveciligi, m t t W ifeSto f., fnn^, f . Ayvaz) i
ns,c*rt^ 'ntf^' mcnn lawn 'W'smn-cs^
wR->an w i c f f n st?t# 8 ( i ) IA, Sabri Esat Siyavusgil n s ^ fnffo
nswrsn m f t e w mm-mtc^ m^ ?tff sffg ftmcn m-sm mn i fnn^ Ajâz, ntm stet nwmn fnne^ c s f n m t w t t stAt
wT^lfnns w f f mfteaj cn -an-smn men tfnfsw mt w m S ^ w t AtntCA; (A) M. Z. Pakalm-ian fms^ A y v a z ,
nt>snTm men <siwm f t w r e i (A. Barthelemy, Osmanli tarih deyimleri ve terimelri sozlugu,
Dictionnaire Arabe-Francals, tJltnn i59>aff-ff8 f., f . ttfn ii8to-ffto f . I
ffto A,fftoS ) I G. L. Lewis (E.I.2)/cm8nfnn^ t n m n
w a m n t t e ^ cn nn nnw n#c s t w m ncm t i n
csfnen t m m tfnentn w r , 'mttm' (Mangais) si^^fn w r în^ ( f . t-amn)
iin?.Sme^^tnifnnnnnts,tmt, mt tfnmn Sm'Scn f ' f w T ^"Qirr^ ( D ^ Kydonla) s f w n m (Aegean)
>ant f s : w n wm aicmwftn ntwm nmt (Sten Staff mienetn mtenn S . t f e n t f % n wtntewtRmm - a f t cmt t A n i -at t A n
o
n ^ - b a z a r a giden) i Ctcnt^' W t f t ^tn-a nstn-s T
Mytllene (Midilli) ftctn f n t f c w i t S r o - a Ato 8o
nrnmft Se?m w m mesn liinsft Sen t i n -atnit mnm n w
fen Edremit S t m t f t n - a n t w - a f t S t f t e t n S t n wnf?w i
mme w t nftme? I fnc? wtfw-a -ansft smm n r m m f w t c A mm
t s j Balikesir atcnt (fnmenw)--an w'f w - a n t f n s mennt
f s w w j w a n r n -s ettt nmntft w i t n t c f wf^mcnmn^
- a f t cwm ( w t ) - ' a n rnm i is>8ff f . -at tscnn w n n t t n t i n
ayvaz kasap hepbir hesap C W - a n m -s nn
i-o,toffo -ant cwmn wnnttrt f|n A8,n8A w n ( v . Cuinet t w
nnn -ansf) i -answn cmt (senior) W - s n m w^mnm^ t m f n ctenn fnens ât tAcsn wnmttrt Ao,s.n8 w n t i n nftm
(Steward) Rntcn W i f f o -ant W t e n ; w - a n m nsmrpi
nnnt nsfnncAn i wtmenn e n f n w t t t i n ^ weftwfn--an
(cw'înt) Sttfn en-am st i
w f ^ ) I -at S t m t f n - a n t w R f n t t r ^ f t wtc? mm mus
w-amntetn ettttns t i n mmntw - a f t cn'sft ne<sn wrtef5, Yund Adalari men tfnfsw i tAtcnn aftffn rnn t i n
mnRnt, ttnwtm, ffwf nc fsfSiw ttft cmwt -a nnn fienn Hekatonnesoi.
S t n -ansttfn m m ewmien, mm ne^fn âwi cmntfss >i>SB,m**ft
^fenn m f n w t fcntn n n n (iAto/ib-Ai) wtn-sntf^
(apron), m t m Jft -ant wtmn mfn met mtft i m f f m e n *Rtnaft s n , f f f f g t w m tm Ssm f n c^ffnn -a
t t n n f n (s. f?t|f) nfnt fnnte^n, nnmft f f e n n cw
nff% fffnm t m i ^n^ -a #enn ncm n t t j t n f fffsm ntan ^
c w ffn <t>ifbiflc<>-8 w-anm men f f t w w t s t -ant Wfntf (-0O w t f n t f , iSi.A-0) tAcnn f ^ n t f n w i (mmm w t n
m t t f f t s nnn tn' -a t n n @ nantnen 'w-anm'"ntenn ^^4mft
t f nttrttff^ f l n ) t A n wjtt nsen -ant Midilli, Crete -a
t i n ntmcnn nnw t i n ttfnm tfnmn nsm I
Macedonia stc f f f t mtfnm wtmenn ? m f n t nsen I
t f t n S'?,tf%n t f w m n w m t i tAiC^ ' w f t t ^ t-snm nwmen -at tAcns wnmmnt nnscnt f f ntetr|w fnnrnn i
nsm An (-atsit IA, s. s t ? t i t ) i
( ^ ^ ) - - a n w t s t t nfnm mnm 5r?t#f 8 ( i ) Pauly-Wissowa, nt., Anii (Heka-
wen w f t n^nsn wt-snm (î>ci)-cns tmn f n t ^ nmtt tonnesoi), S i t . , A-son-(Kydonia); (A) A.
mnrnnmen fnnswn f R n ^ nen sn, nfn-a ttfnntnewt wttsRss Philippson, Reisen u n d Forschungen im
wtmn w f t t ^ t-anm. (^>c)-cs^ w a n r n n t e t stAt w t westlichen Kleinasien, i t . , - s i , Vto t . ; (-s) Ch.
AtnteA [.'nm mttnn mt^nn (Omer Asim Aksoy) Texier, Asie Mineure, f . AoS; ( 8 ) V . Cuinet, La
Gaziantep agzi, ttin is.8ff-to f., -at.,too]i ntm ^ m Turquie d Asie, 8 t . , Atob--ni; (ff) Wt-antw ttm, w t f t ,
(m, mnttstnn n t f ntf^ w t ftmm i i i t . , Ab--b-ff ( t A f t itn A-snrn w t n t e f fntff n n f
(A) w-arnn (w-antn w t m t^ntn" t m ) -awm mf^ mn tme tt-am nm); (to) I A . At., nv (Besim Darkot) i
cn enncnttf cmnsntttew atsRw n'^fmnfCA n n nnn atmn sffg Fr. Taeschner (E.I.2)/cms nRn^n t n m n
tte^ I cn f l n -ans nsmtcnn fsi (ntAm ntn?in fnfw^ tea fnfw^ ^rl^-^srtwt (5. ttntmn)
n w 8 am wtfwnf, S n m w t m Sn^ntn) en cmemtf w s s ( c i ^ i ) s tm - a ^ mm t ^ ntAm w f w m f
W t A W sn f f f ctn tn cn mmn msm f n ntsft Wfscn tfntw wtnmSn m t t e n f Sons of --an wefn w f n i t i c w n j R
sn; (5. Partev Naili, Koroghlu destani, ttin is>-oi ^trnn f 2 f m m f f i t m n w m f t w menn fen-f^ t ^ nrnAw An I
t n n t f ffsemn
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<t\r<\
w i f s (Ayt) n^sKns S i t -asttms m ssn ' j ' Cj fs)%gmcs wtfn--an wfnsrf flenn -ant fAm ftm fmen; wm-'wtnmnm
S^tfsw, m t, w-s, -at, W i t t , t ) w m t e n s nitw f stm nten mRcwn i fwR f s m ftwt fmc^ wm-fnAnm-'an fnsst
siRsts^, fsetesTS f c s S T S A s t s i titss i wj sRw (.^L.) Atew ftsm mw nscsn -ast ftwcms f f j tten (v-s-s/is-so) m
t R - ^ s 4 w i ( i ) - s f t S T s s e ^ msnmfsi Sîlsvs ts^, s < ' y wtnfn ntftn (mnmn)-niet fAts ?mfw!n^ An i temfe^ fwR
stm msi wtw t f t t f l w I msms ynPisiM w f n m t t wttaftss f m s ^ e ^ msmn mnjen snfntet tjtfw wwn ^Rmflenn i
m m r s t -at t f t stsfnw wre^ i cstm-a (mtm-a cstffss t e ^ fwR wt^pfn, A l f i -s fw"A f*t^ mn fnewn, wen ffenn f w
w t t ftmcs (<mm wtms-m-mwts f g n w wfi^ mw t t ) , wtms (wm-timf) f m n fsetn wfmt fln i
cmm-s cmn sji^ cs^tn cticas wfn wtm fsrttms wm mt^msss nsnmf s (^) wm-fssfffn-wtA'mn; (t) ntmffm, f m s
fsctcms wsfte, cnt ctrcas mms f c s -iJt t=i! S T S A W A S (csnn t m t m'n tnn 'wtf (wft^ wm-f^mf m nmftw, f.
wmw t w f n t - t w f n c t s s t t , wmw -ssmmn twrrf^), csnn b-en/ise-s) n t e f ; (t) ntnttn; 'Snm tnn 'wtnfns-niA'nm
wisft wmra mtn' mrf'm 'wt-snm't^ smmsmfsm f a t n w , mftfn-Amm wiAm f n f nsm nsenn, Tw^m ntA'^n
s t t s s m cti-a-gl^ fsftn Atm ntcss i w f s w s WJtns wmsftss wm-ntAmm i g. mttf, m-s, *t., i-b (ntsnn fnftni); mtm.
wmt^tnc 'wmw' tens tRse^wtms w m f atfwte^ nrnms1nn At., i * A t.; Wust, Cufiten. fft., c^s.; Brockelmann,
S II, 5661
fnnt titewcA, W f s n s t f n wtmrnjcA -at t e ^ msmn
A . f m s f a , wtf ntfn tnn 'wrsfnmA wm-'wrnmnm,
-atn-Q mf W T C A , fsetnmcs n s c w ^tt Scat w t s m i w s t j
mtn^fn (w. b-ffi/i88n, wrfen, f. wmm--a Sii8/iffob-).
-atten-s w m - a f t cstff^ t ^ t m n ? m n t n ^^Rms cstt
wtmn--an stsm -smf i -atrcît f f n fAm fnenn ctn c^ff nnn
f s e w c A 1 cnt t f t Atewc^ tn-wi-s ( i d - a w ) ; csnn tn-wt-s
wfwntfts w n -ant f m s ntfnfm -s cnAmnmRn wm sifw
rnnmn' twnfn i Is^, 'snfsfnm stwfw wttsfnss rnnrn f n t ^
trtfw wwn nsenn i m'n tsn'wt^ m ntnftw (f. Stes)-s wmrm
'wtsw' sitiRw ttm wtwA AtsicA ntAtcw tens sit wsft
mf^ fme^ ffmen f ^ mn w n i f m s ftmsdn wmwn
AtstcA wtwA tnmenn, W I W A t m e n t^rtfn i w s t j f s r e s t
flenn imtnn tsn fn'f^" wm-wtAmn Ig.j wrs^mA tsn m^ -s
(Touareg) wtmn wtsw t ^ S A I S wtfssfw wn?ra -3 wtRsl^w
fAtmn tsn 'Sms ntAsr^ (f. s.-so/iffc^8), fnR m-smftfn-f f n
w < n t m t m f W T C A (a. Ch. de Foucauld, Diet, f mntffn tsfnn-'wtnmnin nsm w n I
touareg-francais, tjtRn i S x f i f., -St., i S o o t . ) ; f f g
sb*(in<f s (^) wm-^pSn-mw'^ f tnfnw. wtA'ffnt-
cttanfCAS ntn stwfw fnf^tnm nnn nsscns W A -at t ^ tlnfew
t t f ^ (ffmnsmesf), f . Serjeant, IVIat., f. ffb-i; (t)
t m ne?-s tmsnjnmsnsfnm wifnewcA (Ch. de Foucauld,
fwnft sftsfnt n f w (wt-snm); (t) f-snm (.wtnfn-nsifns -ansft
Diet, abrege touateg-francais des noms propres,
f-smtttA"--as mm nsm ffstcAn, fm^, nt 8 ) i wtfn ^ w m
Paris 1940, ?1.) i
f m n nntfff s fnntt fnnteAn cn ?tcn wtfn fncw-s sic^n/iff AJ>
Ch. Pellat (E.r.2)/cms nfnn^n t n m n
men nmff? A ^ -ant f m s nnfwn Aden Crater--a wnR;
'iliil5h*i i^jjs^) s (^nsin, stmt t n f n s i c t 'gn ssm -at ?rcn iff n t f - A nnent--an Snn w f f ^ t t m tte^ i
AS, t ^ stnmn w t t , f . mtm'wi. At., ieA) i nfnst wtnn, w m - t i n f f m s tfwmn stc? (fnc^ ftm) -^t w t w f n ntms
wtsw -s temenf%in f n s mfnjn -s f f s c s f s - a f t tRmn i -at Seat S'fsiiic^'i, tffn-'wtsntnin wrsen f f ttcns wmm stnwn
tfnnmft m 'wmtf te.]-s ni4<Ms mtm w^'fw -ant wmtnfn nscsn; -at nwmft tnnfften .tnfn-'tnm srst ^wn i f m n
Amnrm-Gw wnsen - a f t ^n^'ff f f w t t t n n f n e w c ^ i fnnst (nwibs> mn) wm-ttfnf nsnw mm (emfm)--an ffmt
Wustenfeld (Cuftten, t . ) w m - f f t " n f s f3j t t c w tfs tmt wtf tsn 'Smn (f. bAi/i8ibr)-ian nftw csnn stmn Rm%
f s m -at tfnmess R t w c n s w f w m m j n t c s s W T t f i F c n stew Sfo AtstcA, f. W m I tsfn wtsni*n--as ^ t j f s f f
i i t / i n t t w r f tn fnifnw w t j stmn nsfnntCAn i ^nfntt ntr|p|<j\si ttRfnnjttetn smtwm nRw mnjf"f, ft? wtnrnfnnji
t m f e w Atnsrm-sw w*cn t f t 'wmmsm ntnnm--an w % f fln; ettffess -ft wfmn -assft trttsict ffmsm w t A S m, n s * tAtm
tAtm AtewcA Ainn, m-ss, m f m , f i f -s smm i -at cttlts S A ffstfnnjt cttffn w?^ nfnm ffnfsw (g. wnffî) i g.
nttrss nnenrn nesr mmm f m e n n mttfwrss W r i K n n w m tffn-tmn, tmimw, b-t., -ss. t. (s.a. JSOS.! n t w s m f n ,
f : f t e m t j f m e n n ncsr nltstc^ s Brock--a fnsSfffo), -5JA t.; ttsf, ^-sntRn, it., i i - s t.;
i. tfnnresn f ^ - ^ , 'wisfsiAtsn w t f m f s (wm-msssm) fn, bi t.; mtm At., t. -s8; wm-ntfsn^, wtft, it., ioff t.;
t s n "wtsfnn niA'nm wm-mwtns (vi>-tr!3<2-/i8ob--i8-i3i); f f n Broceklmann, II, ibi, S II, ii-s-s i
t n m f Rsemn
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(Mr
o. ttnt '*iNft?iK tfT trai tfT 'wrfwr? i), t w c f a f t t f ? 5 W f f f t t f l c t ? , f f f W W R i ? f w w t t (5.

tm, ?t., ii<^ t . ; Wust.; Cuf, f ofet.) i
('w?Ts)-a f$i I '5JW, w%i ft??-a f r o ^ t r a ? t W R -53. ' W t f a t ? t t ? t l t t ( t i - e ) W f t w t f t t t ? e t ioi<H
t # r o t?f f f w T f i t fT;?R I a t ftT?T f r o w t t f f f w (?)/i'iotr w e t , fft f f ? ? - io'ô/i'i'js? w c t I ftft f r o f f W
f i t a?if%it5rfft-a? wfrRrfftf^tw:?? i ' w f w ? f t - w f f f ? (?i-<T) f r o 'stft-ww 'w?f?-w?'w?
^b-THf S ( f ) W t t f fj-rotf Wt-If<*"=1-ftWTt#; v s r t t - t t f f T f - a ? f f f t f f w t w w f e ? t a t i cteww we??
(f) W t - t t t ?nt-f^; ( t ) f ? f f f t - ' ^ f t (fTfftt), tlMflt? *^=iitfftw?ict W t r o - a ? t t f r ww f c t ? i t w t f r o ^ t r o
rotf Wtttffttfs-W^ttt (f. Broceklmann,) ( t ) t f c ? ? t ? f f f t w t ? w t t ? f e ? ? I f f f t f r o W W ' S f r o ffw?
f'SITTt; W?"tTt t f t 'wf W t - W t f T f , f t W f t t f ^ W t f f t w f f t ? W R - t T f f f ( t l - l r ) - a ? t f t WWC? W W f W W
- e r o - f f t f t i t i f f t rot tfT'Wtftw? w t - w t t f a i t - f f m t t t fc?? a?i t r o f f ? w w t t t ? f t w R t t ? ' f t t f ?
f W t I 5. f f , f o<^? t . ; WTOT ?t., iifet. ; W t - W f f l f , t t t t f t t t ? - a ? tft Rtwe? W W f w t f ? ro I W t e t t w t t f f
w f f t , it., i ' l i t . ; I f f f r o t ? ffft f r o f t e t ? ctt ?R?tf? R ^ ?R? ff??-a
81 ' W t f t - f Iff? t t t W t t ( t v ) w t - f t f f , w ? t t w r o - ff?tft fc?? I a t fte? w ? f f w f r o f?? >s t t f t t a f f t f f
m f ? f f f t (s>'iir-iooWi<?'ô-ij3?v), ff, w f t t , f t f f t t t i C t fgfr (5. wttt, ?t., i'\'\ t . ; Wust., Cuf, % 8 o t .
w w f f tWT?if f f f t t t e t w 1 fro f f w e t f w t ro Berg, Hadhramout, v e , ^8 t . ) i
f e ? t fro W W 'WtfW? (fese-iois. f t . ) T t f f t w t - w ? f t t H I ' w f t f ? ' W W f ^ t f ? t t t t (?i-o, w t f t - a ?
[g.l; f t r o roet f f f t w t - w ? ? ^ ( w t - w ? ? ) t - w f f t f f f W ? f R - ' W f f f ? WtWt-'Wftf? (>>V8-io8i/i<J-<l<l-i>bO?) WCt
W s f t t - f t W t w f f w im\ f e t t I w r w T f f f t^}e?t W t e t t f f f & w 1 f w ? ?^ t l t T f f f w W f t t f f ^ a?i f w f t f t f f
f f f t t ^ c t t t t f c t t 1 fro f f w t c f f w t j w t f l c t t w ? r o w ftwTc?? t ? ? l e ? tb's twte?? w f f w f f i c t ? i f r o t l f t w f f
wtff? w t - W f t t f a t i iooi ft. f r o W f T t f f j ^ t c t f f f t ?twtt ( t w t f ) - a ? t i f t c t ? t e w f t m ; tw? a f f t
( W t - W t r f ) W t f t - > 3 W W f f ? t f f f t t t t t f ?tbW f C f T I f ? t t ?tt?tw>aw-a? w t t e t ? f f f t w t f t w wft fffw w t f t w t
ffw? f?ftft f f t f t f r o f f t t f t - f t w f t wct ffft a f f t w i t - ^ W ? ? t t f t - f i f f ? ct t t f ct?t fc?? wf?t? w?tet fttffw
W W ? ^ f c t t I fro w m w ?bw s ( f ) w t - f f W f t ffffwt S. t m , ?t., ??i t . ; Wust., Cuf, 1. iV) I
f f t - f f t f t f f t - W t W f f w t ; ( t ) W t - f f t w f f ? t w t f t (ffc^ tr. W f t t ? W t - t T f f f t f ? ' W t f W t f t - ' W l f f f t (tl-"^),
f . ) ; ( t ) wlfft-W??t ft t t W t t f t r t t ? W (ft?C?T i o i i ft., W t f t - a fesVi<Mrfe Rtet w?i, f?iew io>538/i'j3e8 w e t f f t i
f^volft w ? - t t f f ^ t f w t w t t f t - W W - a ? ttc f f f w ) f r o f f w t w t ? f f t r o t ? f f f t w?c? w f w t i c w
1 fwf?w w??etet
w t J T t f ? WW f . f ? , f 008-080 (W5tf?f); w t w it., i8V f t f w e ? t t ? fe?? a t i r o t r o f f ? wfttf w t ? r o - a ?
t . Wust, Cuf, % O i t.; Broceklmann, ?t., 8iV t . , S ?iwt??lc? a f f t ^ t t Rt fc?? I i?c w t f t t f t e t f f f t ?t?f
11, biH ; W t f f t , iofefet. I W W f f w f e ? t a?i f w w r o w t t - t f f ? - R f ? t f ( f t e ? ?i-o)
(t I t l t t t f ? '*iHftui? t f ? t l t t ( ? ? o ) , w t f t - a W f T O fc?? I ioob- ft. tn?" tie?? t? "^tet f f f t f?t-a
fefeo/iew Wct w?|, io8i/i'5soi w c t WaWwiwt-a f f i i ftft w t r o Rlft7 f t wtrt? wct? I f w f t f ? R t f t - W t 1 f ? l
fro f f w t ? ? w r o f ? w t - a ffwr t ? t f f f r o t?io?(2-ft. ft-wT3Wtttw w f W f f R - W ' s f t W ffc?t?tct "TOt f ? - a ? ?f5
wi?co? f c w t t^^tiat fC?? a ? i w r o w?wrotcf fro ffw?j W ? f ? M l ? f Wt?fcw W f T O f C ? ? ( W f . io55(2-/ij3<2-<2- R t t ) I 5.
'v5rr?ft-f iff?-a? f f f t w t r t ? f c ? t i c t f R "^tcw f f f t t m , ?t., S> t . ; Wust., Cuf, % m t.; (Brockelmann,
w f w t i w t t ? a ? i WtT? f t w ? f ? r o f f w i t tl? fro t r o S 11, -Jsife I
f f f t w f f f w t r o ( w t r o ) - a ? ftft W f f t t^tff WW fc?? i fe. Wfw? t f ? f f T W t f ? ' w f W t f t - ' W f f f ? i^K-H),
t r e t ? tft fro t w f c ^ t f t e t f f f t f w i f ? - a ? ?? t ? ? t f t w?i iob-8/i'53<ô Wet " W f t - a " ^ fWc ii8?/i'i?fe t t e t i
' w f f t tt?-a? w f e ? r f f f?*! fc?? I a t f t w e ? ? t??te? fwft iiofj- ft. f f f t f r o 1?Tit f c ? ? a?i f f ? ? ^te w?c?
ftct? w f f ? t t wfwct? w t i w t f l e t ? a?ifTwt?c^ a f f t c?it f c R c t t f g t i w fc?? 1 f f f t ?t?if? t l ? f f f f?i f f w ? f l c t
"êw w f w w ? f ? ; e t w c r t i f c ? ? i ' w f f t t i ? - a ? f f r ? t ? r?c cftc?? a?i f w f c ^ a f w ? t w i w t f f l e t ? i w w s t ?
fwft w ^ w w r o t w T t f f t f c g ? a t i w t r o - a ? f a ff? ft?' f f f t f w f W s T C ? ? W t f f t T wc R t f ?? I ? M l ? f ( f )
W?-a? f f c f t tT fra? I f f f W t - f f f f W WW f f t t t gntft-îlIT' 'Wl? f t t t t t w ffiTt^t-ft??; (t) ftWSjR-Tl<flf"t;
ttwf ftfCftt
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m^
( t ) w m - i p i f A t - f I f f f w m w f n n - m t T m m i f f (wtf m w , ni-A, f A i n w n <p|<jwl(.- iliiil<i fnfw Tptfwmt--an nntfn cntenn fnêS

nfsw - a f t faTiTmiA'- -as tm); ( t ) w t s f n - m w i f cSmn m <ans|tSf[^?tenwnf|w i f m n f a i f f w t ^ n n f A n - f m n men
n m t m te.l sfsw - a ^ sptffm mc^; () m-smn, 5 . wm-m^w, f m s f n f f (mntffn) nsm w n i f. fntft, fnnfn-fntn. A t . ,
wtftn, An., lb- n. I A b ; wmtnf, 'wiwttfnn-wtmn. An., An-8; ' w t f fntntns,
io. 'wtnfn-mA"nm t f n f n ' w w t t n n m n n t n n f n " w T O w m - f f m f n - w t f t m , en., i i - i s ; wm- n t f W , wtftn. A t . ,

t n n ' w t f ntnfn-'wttnfm ( n i - s ) , wm i i e / i S A n t T ? j ibvs-AiS; ntntfn, ^ is>b- n.; Broceklmann, II, -sffA,
mftn--a, f f j n>i?iwi(: i i s V i H s v men m wtmftnetn nem s i i , 8nb-n.)i
nntennn w f s w m q n t ^ -ant nntfnns ntnms sf? sjetm 1R. i i . -^"mnn t f n wtft n t f n wm-'wmntnm (ins.br [.,
i i e e ^tew i i e e rnn nn mnew ( f f t w , mnfs) wn?tn f n n t n mttf%ntew), temenfn nnemn i f n t n ntwtnn--a f m n w n -s
nn f f n 'wtnn cne*f aiwjfswn w n -an?, R f <>tcis w m wtt^F-â Smn mef f A t -aft nnfwn nftmcA i m n f n f t n f c ^ n nem
nnnrn ^Rntnnnwentew?tftwien nntw 5 t A n w n ( i i S 8 ) 1 -ament n*fntffcnn nftnns nmnn a s i
f f n f f f nnenn w m m f n f ^ nnn w n ( R iib-A) -ant wnt f f (cntfn-s)--an 'wtnmnm n??n, ntm wtf. inno f . -aft
^ e w fnnen ajwrtnwn mm 1 tnnt-attesj fnfw^ ?ten f m n n^ntn ntnntft wSnns mtnrn mf atfflw A S , f m n atnesf ftm Berg,
n w n w f S K n n nntf^ net f m n f f i n m nnn f e n ttin Hadgramout, f . A o A , f . wt-amf i
qnenn mmen 1 t n m f t w f e n n n w 3 ! f m n n^ ntnjns w f m f t m R rnn ttmen 'wr?tmnm--an rnnmn c n t ^ S f n mmnf;
ftm t i n ; ti,ici^ nem nftnte^n fntnntn wm-wt^mn, f m n fai Atnntft ntfnm'wtnmnm tfn'Smn tfn'wtsmnm w m - A t f % ( f .
'wtnfs-ntAntn f A t m n fnwtnt wtn-ntftff [ 5 . ] 1 ctent^ mf^ i-ois/ib-s.* n m , wm-'sn^) t ^ ' f n - m - s n t f t f ^ n - w t ' S A t f s n n f
f m n f t f w fimej? wtn n P F i A t f n - f ^ f n m t If. brock) n t n ^ sf?
^ w w t f t n s t f w n m m wm-wtmfnnjt n m ^ at? nsm. w n
nsm w n 1 f A t n m f t f f n s f l l n n e m n f t s t e A n f s f t n w f n ^ ' S t ? ^
(ntnRn, S.S.,; Brockelmnn, S II. ! 5 . i A ) i
nsm; w t f - n t f W Brockelmann -at nnm nsntn f < sr?f#t 8 ( i ) F. Wustenfeld, Die Cufiten in
wtfnm atmn fnnteAn 1 -a ntnw mat ^ f t nnm '^tmm ainnf*tw Sud-Arabien im xi (xviii) Jahrhundert, i b b f .
( f R - f f t , fmn-tfn-wimn stew); ( a ) w m - n t n f t , w m -
AtstcAs (^) wtnft^-nm-am w t ^ ^ f i ^ - n t n n m , f n t n s i^vrva f t . ;
( n ) f - s n m ( i o 8 f t . ) , fwn ne n m winftfsn-wtnnnn nnsntRfn-nttm R n t n t f f n w f n m wm-fnm wm-'wtftm, nmt.
wtnftfsn- n t w m n n 1 wnPit f^-ftenintnnfeAS nem W. n. win^p, i A , ^nntw is.8e-8s. f.; ( ) 'wtn^-^tfnn tnn
fnem^ c5%nA ^ n n s nsm ntn s ( n s ) f f n t n n t e f stnwnfA; nnt m n n wm-'wrnmnm, w m - f f n m f f n 'wm wtnntRr- nstnfnn-
t n n w t f n - f f n (wtnrnfnmt w f f m sme??), wm-tsmntfn-mfnnTt wtf^, mnmn i-se-o R.; (8) f A t m n t f n wtft n t w wm-ftlt,
(ntf - fntnfnmt w f t m n t e f ) , wtn-nt^Fwt^m-'wttnnjt (^tfnfnmt wm-ntfntwr^-ntff f n t n t R m (wm-ntm w m - f f n m ) ntft
wtffm n t e f ) (n) mnrnfA, nm *pt-aAn-'?^ ( w t f m w , n t - A , (wm-wiff) wtmft, i - A (i'Ois.); (<t) 'winfmA wm-ntnsnnns,
a t f w - a f t f-sntfmA'--an m m , w n A fnsmtmt w t f f t f n - ^ ^ wift^-'wratwm-Atfnlfn#t, ie/to; (-b) l . w . C . van
f n f Antnrt tffnn-'wtnmnm w t n f t ^ - A f n fnn nnnn* den Berg, Le Hadhramout et Les colonies Arabes
dans I'archipel Indien ( i b b t o f . ) ; ( n ) R.B.
v o t f f t f f n - f ' ^ ) , f n ^ - n t A n m tn-mnA n t m w wtft f f w n m
(wift^wm-ntmff,f. Brockelmann, 1, 8fto) -s 'Smnm Srejeant, Materials for South Arabian history
in, BSOAS, iS.(J-o f., Abi-'Soq, (tb-i--iioi; ( b ) (?m^,
mnntm [g.l a t f f w - a f t n s f f r n n njtmt i ( f ) ntmffm nsmnfA,
South Arabian Poetry, 1 Prose and Poetry from
SntAnn^n A i f n s t f n - n t m CwtnfmA wm-ntftn t f n f f w i n n
Hadhramaut ( i S . f t i f . ) i
n t e f ) , w t n f t f w - f n m (mnn t f n 'wtnfnmA, n t - n t e f i
O. Lofgren (E.I.^) fAtmn t n t f f n
w t f f t f f - n m fnmm m w t t f f n - -snm -srtit w m - m f w atms
wifnnnn f m n nsntnten f l f f s AtslCA, f f f Broceklmann ^rm^ ? [ f f , w f ftf%nm] ^ a s , g u z c I
S 111, % iAs>o --an new tm f m n ffntm ffn-^snm amesf Hisar (f=nn f f ) nten-s ffnfsw, men^ mn Tralleis, f
'wtn^-ntAnm w m - S w ^ f f f w - a f t wtnj ( t f n w t n - wmtewtfnm [ ^ n e ^ - a f n wttl-ian w f ; m f n f i stew
tnfwnimfn-'wtnmn;fnnit--anwtmnnn) i f m n nfsw w m f e A too-bo fnttn S i ^ r n n ao S. w w m , An 8 b f. gtfnrnn
S ^ attftn ^mnft men f R f s w - a f t ff?nn Atnmft ntf mm Gevizh (Messogis) nnewn [Daghi, f f , w f f f s ]
nsfnmcgn (n. Serjeant, Poetry-5) i - a f t ffws cmfww nrnenen W n f l W i Buyuk [ f f , w f m?) Menderes [fss.
t n m f t ffjtcmn
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too n?nfnStf
n f , anSR Wi Maeander] StsjW S^ StTsfntl nnrnn m m wnsftens fnmcnw (atcnn)->an nntmn fnntn atRflw
Tabak [ f f , Wf t M l C a y [fnt Wf f g n f ] nfftn nsenn i fn^-a % n n f ^ tni^tcn i5iA % n c n c t ^ Aydin
Gevizli tn wnRo i wnt 'stp afntRo -^sT ( f 5 n f f B nAnfSe^ c f t f t f m w f w w w t A S I fAsftew fnem^ -SfwAtfn^
Menderes n w fnntc^ i fnfnn Sfeo Dinar ^ Afyon cnf nntm [nn nnfwn] nffntCA: Uways Djami (s.s.b/i(?bs.-
Karahisar [CtcnT* f f tW5in Wf nnt^Kn W , f f ] t W ncnn fen) Ramadan Pasha Djami (iooo/i(?Ji-JA).
cnntnft t n j t w a Smtn nfncnftw Aydin n^mms f f n m Sulejmian Bay Djami (iooff/itob-o) -3 Djihanzade
f n n t c A I fm Aydin ntn^ fnmcnw ( w t n f , wsf twt)--an Djami (iiSo/inffto Djihanzade Abd al-Aziz efendi
ntwntf I f m n wnntmt i\r,<to8 {ii>8<t f.; Cuinet-'^n sm fnfnw) I

tw n m f n cncnn 9m s t m n m f ntnitn^mimo '!s,Affo) sf?f^ ? ( i ) A. Philipson, Reisen und
f l n I nnst f n n t r a f t (vgRnttrt A,S.8,8OS) fncm^ n m f t nstm forschungen im westlichen Kleinasien, ii, 78 ff;
( w t n f , wf cn etmnfn^ cwntn m n n w i ns-tf) nfnt (A) E. Chaput, voyages d' Etudes geologiques of
nf^wAydin (wmntnrt i.off,^**) Bozdogan, Cine, geomorphogeniques en Turquie, 214-8; ( ) Ch.
Karacasu, Nazilli -ani Soke. Texier. Asie Mineure, 279 ff.; (8) E. Banse, Die
turkei, 139 ff.; (<?) V. cuinet. La Turquie d Asie,
ntn>^ ^n-olt Alp Arslan [ f f , wif f n , Rf?s] i o s i f .
iii. 591 ff. ; (to) W. J. Hapiilton, Recherches in
Malazgerd-'iin f c ^ ngfs 8f Romanus-'fln fmFc^ wnntw
Asia Minor i, 535; (n) M. Heyd. Geschichte des
f n c n f f R t nnatnn Tralleis (mnmn Aydin ] n n n nsen i
Levan tehandels, see index; ( b ) E. Reclus,
fnsf Doiylaeum--a sgcnw f c ^ ioJsb- f . f f n wf
Nouvelle geographie universelle, ix, 634; (5*) R.
f m n t w n f n 1 w n t n f n m n An Klllic-Arslan [ f f , ^
M. Riefstahl. Tarkish Architecture in South-
f t f t n wif wnntR, fnss] ngfs Manuel--an fn^c^ f c ^ wnntw
western anatolla, Cambridge 1931; (io) cnn^,
nsfncn iisto f . Maeander Stwmstncnw fsnf^ fnfnntn
w t f n - f f n t f ^ n r f , t., * ; (Si) m r f m f n n , f w m n ^ , f .
f f e n n wfnnstcn wtcn; f f f w m t n ncmf nafs M a n u e l
toto-b; (iA) w-afnm C5cnf, fnntArw mniA, s.t., ieo-j; (i-o)
Ânftn f n m w n nnf An i nfnctcn f n m n f ^ ' n t f f n
Salname of the wilayet of Aydin, 1326/1908,
nstntfrn-a (n)-ii]n wtncn Mentesh->iin n t f i n cnf" w r f n
lA, ii., 61fe (Besim Darkot); ( i 8 ) Sir Games
i^b-o f. fmcss ^ m n m f c n wtnnn nsenn i wnn sfcw fm
Redhouse, New Redhouse Turkish- English
Guzel Hisar men tfnfBW i i o i o f. Aydin Oghlu [ff,
Dictionary. Published by the publication Deptt.
nt*t] (Mehmed Beg ntn^ Wtn m f f mwm nAsft wfsmtn
of the American Board, Redhouse press, Isanbul
nsenn i wnn ^ê '*tAnftn ntenn nesf f m n nsn nnfft-a f ^ An i
1968 edition.
ntm s S ^ , f g nrsij Aydln-ian n t w m f a f f w t e ^ arts nntnnf
Birgi-cw wnf?w f|n I S ^ m f mgtcwtn f n m n in n t n t f n f g F.R. Taeschner (E.1.2) ^
ntwr-Aydin--an mwai f n f nsfnm fnen f f n fnntn Sm % t ^ ( j i i l c^s^'i) ? ( f f . S w n ^ , -aft

atf^fSvs w n I ffncncn b-oto/i8o nen nnnnA -af ntwjf& f f mwns.n i -af nrwns,n -ansf nten wmr w f s t e w ff.
S ^ m f m n m f e n w f n m f e i w n n f A t n n t w m f An Tire ( f f , nob-bA!> (i-sob-i8Aff) n w m w f w i Germiyan--an
wsf f m ) m's siwjfl5c4 .ansft atmnRns Sandjak {fnmn?)-nien Wtffess S u b a s h i (atntn cnmnfw}-) Aydln-oghlu
mgtestjn anadolu ntn^ eyalet ( w t n f , atenn)-'iin w ^ Mehmed Beg {nob-n8/iob-i-s8) b n / i 8 n n w t f s
w t AS I wttrnn n w t f e w Aydin Saruhan -af Sandjak cftfTs fness w r f e s s mm m f f w r f n m Menteshe--an
-m -aws mtm [ f f w t ] 'S^rnn mf ffnntenn n s , m f f n ^ wtfesn wtmm Sasa Beg--3n ntcf fnftw ^ m f ^ ifsbinnis
mfnw wnsen tfnnw A S I w f n iA85/iv f . f n w t n An c n w f sfAn w n i Blrgl. ayasoluk -a Keles ntn^
n t A f f wnsnftc^ fnntn n s n f f ^ e m f n ? css#n f f nnmenn -amnnft w n f n s t s n n Sasa Beg f m s a t t ^ fncas
wtfntcwj wtnsn w n i -af n n n wtntn w f e w n n w f ^?fn f n ^ w n n ssfscnn, f f f ffn nob/iob men fc^ nstfww -a
'smcfn w e n Sm Aydin fnmenw->an ntwmfntcn wtmatwt fnA An t Izmir, Tyre, Sultan Hisari, bodemya
w I mm AS^, ib-ffo f f e ^ w m n -amnnftess Sandjak --an gwfw nnn f s m Mehmed Beg f A t s fsfww ntewrs nfsfn ff%
^ra wnnfms nsRm tnfmj a}em?in nsm i i&^s f. nscsn I w's.fn u m u r Beg (H-os-Sb/i-o-os-Sb) wenns
fnmf Rjiemn
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Contents
UîRjiiw w n f r w ? t i t e f t t ? f f f e TT mx a t ft?twf% f c t a t i f f t t f t f f ^ W T e t ? wifi?t f t w c w w w e ?

ffSRl f t t t f w s f f t w f f t f t a f f t Destan ( f f f t t f t f l ) ?ffe wfffi?fftrtt I
I f f f t OSFCtlTO ^ f f t (Martin Zaccria-a? f f e t f f f f t 8 ( i ) Canlaciiênus, ii, 28 ff.; f ^ f f , iii.
^tc t t t f e f i w t f f t i t f c g t I w s g f ? f f f t (?tfttt a f t t 7, 56, 63 ff.; 86, 89, 95: (?) Himmet Akin, Aydin
ctt?T3 t % t t f i f f t t t t f s wt3ct f ^ w f f t t t f f w t t t r f c t t I Ogullari Tarihi Hakkinda bir Arastirma,
f f f t f i T t t f t f f t wia^tt f c a t , a t t f f f c t t f t ftea T t t t Istanbul 1946; ( ) Milikoff Sayap. Le Destan d'
w t t t I t m t Andronicus f t e t i f t t t f f t e t tTWiftt Umur Pacha, Paris 1954; ( 8 ) Mukrimin Halil,
Dustumamei Enveri Medhal, Istanbul 1930.
W i t t t W o f ^ f t f f e t f f e t John Paleologus-a? t t f e e t ?
I., Melikoff (E.I.2) f T O t t t w f t t t f
f f e c ^ f C ^ f f f w f t bi John Cantacuzenus W t f t t
Umur Beg-a? t T t W f t f f f f e ? H i tTO f e t f tt? f i f '^tilf (o*-c) 8 Cttfttf w f t f ? t t ^ , w8f? t r
Cantacuzenus W t t e t ? t t e t t f e f ? W f f t f f W fftie wt?^ w c f t j t r s T t ; t W f t t f f w ? f t f , t f ? I f w f t f w t ? ,
t w t wt I Cantacuzenus-Cf W T W f f f W ? WW Umur (Semantice) WW f l ? t f t t c f t w T I ( f t W ^ f f e g t j ,
Beg f?eW t f e t t f t ? wsef t t t t f f w t f f f r t w f t f w cstt tiff-^ ftw-ff, WW wt?ft t i e ? # f? cweat a f t
(Thrace) wspt f W ? w fffe t e s t wt i f f f .fe^ ftT? ?f? ^ ^fei^t?W tr? f W f t f? f f c f t ftfe fte? I c f t
f f w ? f t W ^ ?t?t? fC?t C W f bib Clement Wtffe?? fftt:^ ' f*ffc 'wt??-a? w f a ? t t c f f t t f f w ? f c f ? f W f t , f f j ,
Z2gct ( t f f ^ ) cttttt f C ? ? I f w t f g w Venice, Genoa, f t j t t t t f , ffctt f r ? t??5??;f w t w ? r r f t i r ? tflwtc
Cyprus f f f t WWJ CtttW? f C ? i Rhodes-a? Knights 1^ f f f ^ t f t f ? fteft ftfe fic? I t r it c?ft ff^raf? tc?
Hospitallers Duke of Naxos fWe WS,ff?t f c ? t i TI^ W ct, W ^ W f f f f t W T ? W f t f f ^ W - f f t ( t w t . v a n
f c t io<\8\ -pt^ ^sECtW?ft t t t f ? ?Re?? f f w? f c ? 1 tw? Vloten, % i8>o) f C f f c i t f f f w c ? ? , 'WltfW? t f f t
W f t t fe?t W f ? a f f c ^ ;igcte? w f f w t f f t wtftc?? T i W f f T f f t f a f t e f t c t ? Categones f C f a f f t f f c t t t j w
s?tft T ? I w g f ? HBb/i'OSb w c t Wtft? Humbert II tjfw w ? f ftnte wRit r t ? ?ttic?; ? f t a f i t f f c t t tttw.
(Dauphin, Humpert II le Viennois)-a? ^^ctft? a f t t f f c t t Cftft I t ? ? f f f t c t t t ^ T f t f ? ^'Wt? f w f c f g
c t w t t t t f t c f t t t t w ct? I W T t t f f ? f f f t t t e t ? w f r c t Wi?? t c ^ ffttc t t t f t t R wi'sT? ?J?T? ftfttc??
wtftte? iosb- ' ^ f c R ? ? t w f t e t f t ? t f T * T t i . ftr? a ? i a t t f t t f t f t t t f t t f f f i t s tt??wew?f w f f w f f e
f f j ? tesf t e s f t iosir '^^tCR? iir wtt% a f tfîftw wwe?? t c R f f t t ?? I f f f ftw? cwca f ? f e r t f w f f f c f t t t ?
wtJCt c ? T t R f j t t f t f f t w e t f f f t t t wttt? fc?? I wtfc?? f w t i f t f w e t f t w f r ? ^ t c t w f f f e f t wt?? fc=t? ?j?r?
f f t ? wiwffe, f f t t t f ^ f a t twttfe T ? I W T ? ^ W W w?TT? r e t t I f w ? ? t ^ f , w t f f t w f t r ? fft wwt
tff? (HSb/bo/i'OSIr-'bo) t W (l'i>o-Ji>i/i^'5io-feo)-ro f c f ^ fi?ts a f f c f t t Hermeneutles- a? f b t l ? ct t w w
W w f f t c t wtft?tc? i s f f uTt f t t c t i t W W f t f f T w t f f t ? ftfttc?? W T ? f t f i g f fc??8 f f f f e t w ? f ? 5 f f e t w ? f ?
fc?? I t f f t i8br ^fstcR wwffe ?iffwj t f ^ iofeo -pm f??i? fg^ a ? i f f f e f w ? f ^ce?Wfct?wiW?tfte?w?fitfift
?t?ife?? I t T r w osftttift ? t f e f t wffe f f t t t w f c ? I t?w? ? f t 8 f f i f I a t W t w w r ? w tftswte? ? f t f e ? ?
i 8 o ? -pm t S f t f e wtww? f C ^ t? Tlmur f g WWjttcf tft^^ft I w t f f f t ?ftgwte? t f t f ? f f t t ftfc wtw? t f t
f?fW? f i f w t t i ? ^ f g f t t A ? f t e ? ? T W w f t fc?? i t i t r ? fftwe?? I a t cwca W , f ? f l f c ? t w f ? , t t ? i f t f ?
Wift? f t c w f t "^ct W t ? w t w iTet? r r c w it ^W?? Hermeneutles f c ^ WfttCt W i t ^ W w t f ( t f t f )
f t t t t (b-obr-Abr/i8oe-Ae)-a? Twt T t i tft t i e t ? t??tftt f f t t t t r ? f f f r c ? ? I t r f f te=f? w t w f f e w f r t i f t f t t
ttTf? t f ? fTWt-a? f a 1 t??tff f f e t ? fffc^ wftfett stbic-tct? a t twctj? f f f t tfwc??, ? f WW
t f t a t t f t t t C f f t J t f i c t ? I f f f f Duzmedje Mustafa witft Wtt? t i t ( w f t i a t ? Cftt ? f r r f f W t w r ? ) ^^f^ ft^
W T ? f 3 ? Wft t t f f fC?t; f f f A ? f W t f f f fttfw ^ t W ff^ G3fte W f c r t T ; a f G3ft? w w ^ w '^tewe? ?ftgwfc
ipsili f e f wt?t? f T t fe?t I w i f ? c t t f t ? ^te wlwfW? t w t f ? , ^ f ? cafte. ? t t r e ? tewwte w f t f W ?
Karaman Oghlu- cftt w f t f t f ? W W W WC? ceSt? f ? i ? i t f ? I f t t i t ? WW w r r f f t - w t W ? . c t c t i w f t ? WW f f t
W f W f t f T t I ftft \r\h/i8i.d-i.b w e t f t w t f f f W ? ? ^ , wi?w? (ft'?? [t?l -a? ?.?.) f R T i t j t r ? f c ? ? I w f f f e f t
f f <3 t t t c f f t T s T J I a t w c ? Aydin Oghlu ?<cn5 ^ s s i t o o ttwjsftc? f f i i w ^^fî^ t r a ^ i f f f f c f f w f f t - t
ttwftfffcfi?
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Wn
f f w Imms mm *rnftn n m r a w n i -at wi:< *wnH ff^lfw-wmsfn) AtfcA n m ^ wtnn n f t c w c w f - n w n
ntnn (individuum) nnfiltntnss mi tAf ânsf nPf cw wcfmn5^ nfnm w R n w atmn nsfnsie^ i
fnfnt n?n nfnsn m-m t # f i j s t w t f n c w men i f f f -ansft Rsfcnnn ntlnni nRnn
f n f n t nrf^; nt n^ntsns c w nrnmn *m (nnt 'cnt?t') mt ncsf
*'5nTR (ojx) g'wtnn f5ffe,nfniftn nffmnm t ^ t S e m f n
^ t f t w s f armn nsfnew men i 'cntft' n e ^ mmen c w fnenn
wtnts "eye"," oeil", "auge" trtfnnmm c w ^ "Sfcmnns m
- a f t c n t ^ nm w m w t w e n n f w cntftft mt. cs^tmm
n t i ( w m f f ^ , f n t ^ - w m n ) fnemn w m , nnna t m mm m^
wesf 'cntft' S w n t fmte men i tm - a f t cm^* n m f t mm
t f a n n W t f nnm w s t (wtfn' 'wmtfwn-mmn) fnemn w , mm
-ann -ansft a f i f fnent nsm An ntmn n n f w f f m -ansft cntfm mm m*fn nnn n t ^ An i s f fsffe,nns -a nsf?it fnncn mmm -sr?
-8'(;f*tirnftnteA(wft?nntnmnnennnewcnnnfnf^n?m sf=m mm -at Swn cjtfn w m t ntnn s f m f f w nennm f l n
nif^nts^ c w n ^ mtnn w n -ansfB t n f fwrnn msft<8, fnfnn f f ? ^ mnmn wmwn atmn - s ^ f ^ nennm
wtRemn^ n^-s stew men i c w f f n e n n -at f f ^ w f n sffsens m m I m s f n w n m r o w j s f c m n n t a (opthaimoiogy)
f m t n m w m nr^ffn^nn ntftsit (ntnmst) mnm n t w (nm) n f t met nfnfsw ffstenn mmn n n f m - a t fnnnft fnf^ f c n R ^
mm nnrnn i f f f msfw? -a nnft ntta annnt -at -anst m< fw^ men w f f t w AtsiCA i tmenn w m w n Atc-aCA f A m t
fnemn f f i w - w n ' n f t mnmn nmt An ^ i c n e s f n r n m i c t i f l ? ! f n w .at t f t liiJiPBnfn m f n f n s w^ (fnt) fnefn n s f f s ntm
nnffntenn -a n?*ifnnsnenn ne nfsfffnm npswwten wtwtAn nen ^ s n n f n attesist atmnwn -&nn -a atmnnntcn mnfsw t i n i
fnmw w t , -at n n s n n t ^ mnmrnjAC^ w i t m!9im m f n n m nnnf w n wenns nitnns w e f t m n mmt A S I nm ' s f n n f
mfnmmffm nten f f t w nsenn (mffm w < fBs^tSf m f^f^fln) i afAn n t ^ m -a f ^ n s m ' wesf;-a^ nm^n t t c w S ^ -a
wfnens m'^finnsnn f w ^ n m n f , nm ATnsit^" nrmffn mnmn -ant ntn fn?w w f n A n ^ n ^ W A t m w m t s R rnnmen
nnmn i ( c w c w f'wtfnf-a wtfttAs m ^ ms-tinfA atnnn f a T B f n w n ^ fw-mn-'wran, fwf<in-'Sfn; fw"ns m n t f -a
f n c w w m m A t n t w n ^ r m ^ nrnmn w n ) i -amt cncAf nm ' t f f n - n m m i cnenr^ nmft f n w c w n 'cmn SM'
?tjtcttfn n n f n r n W f n t e n l i t f f j stewcA-ansft-^ttm-ai-ff? (conjunctivitis) cmn fmten-a nwmen wtm n n s n amnn
n f f w ninwt n n n f wnew nwmn -ans. c^nn w t m ^ aifw -a s f c m n Rcnn nsen i
f^r Sen ntm 'stcw nnsn nfn'S,m%, wtnn t m n f n f w e < fstfem n t m tfwmenn ffkmn -stew cnm rnn, -at f f m n
'-i>itsf c-a wmn w < S<sn-3 i^cw m e n nnfnnn n s f ^ wisiAs ntmftn mmen ntnRsswtcn wtnn -^nn f f w f s f f e m mean
nAtwf%f fnenn f n c w mnA^ A S I -at we< t m n nrnmn m*fen Sc=jin 3Fcmr[fw m f f 5 An i cntwm t m n nem f^ Ra f n
fnnn, f f g w t f ffmtm f A m tmntw (n=m. Forget. fpRw w t rnns atnn f c n Scicns nnten attesm nf^wnn, ntmcnn
205) -ste? nrnmn fnntcAn i nm cn n w nnff wmn--an wftnnsn flenn f f n nftnnf, f R ^ fsRem ntftn fwtmnfA
n f e n c'WAmcAn w f e , wtitAS w s ^ a t f f ^ mten wtfnt, wtmenn wtnftew wfrnn nsfnm wtm wnffs^^tnwtcn mnAm f n e messn
sptc^ 4 t * r f t rnnmn f n n t c A n i tm n ^ mn atemwn, - a n t f r i t n f f c n t A m S ^ m f f s A s i -at nnenn f f w g Rastf
<p-o^ n t f f t w wstjtnf f n t n w t e n nf^tw -a fn^n i fmm
'wTsfn- mns>t n f t i f t i m n n?n w m n n t A m fif w e f
f m e n n R w ? wsntC'ts mmen fAtess simnntf w n i fcnr??
"^f^ -sm' w < ^ n n s ^^cw men wft, m f n n s artnfnns
c a f n nem ^ n f f f n - a n ? t f n w f n m f -a f f w m n t f n -
ffwnfCAsi *t<*i<in n f t ^ w t f n ^ S n f ^ n n f nwrnftsn
wtnn--an atenwt f A T f m f n n nim-smnA f m n wfnntff ^ w n
w t ^ S n n R 1
t f n fnAins- (iJss-A-bs/voJs-b-nn), niAte^ f f w t f n - ' w t n n
a t n t f t t ( i ) B. wif-fmm; t f t n n n f nmAienn w m g t m ntnstmw ffn-'wmn--an aienm nfnm wfnrn nsm A S I fmenn mn
R. A. NicholS'^n, Studies In Islamic Mysticism. w n m f Segn nsffiw A S I cnenrss ncnn nem nRntcAn mnmenn
S. van Den Bergh (E.I.2) w m ^ menw wnn -answn f%m 'wtf t f n ' ^ tf.l (ftn/i i n n m f n ajnm^) i
*^5fT?R ( C A ^ ) S t f t "f-nwn" w e f a m^ A S I fnwn t R atmr af? wifRntfn-nnAA'tfn--an aicnt flenn mt f A m
f w w , w t f t f fcn-8 ./^ f f ^ arsftw f l n i Mrnncnn new ffnmtw nsiniiifs4' f f w t f n - f n w t m n f f m w wrnntRm-
m f f S i A ( n ) -at fftenn Rnt nsfnste^ (fnwimn, w ^ n - ' S m n , 'wt?m--an w f f m f t f n m n n^fnnft wtnnm f n n ' w t f te.) -at
sn., AA) I fnfn^cns nem-a wenenst f-nwenn w w a t w mfnwn ar^rmenn nMtnfe?p wtnn ^ fSRem Rstenn atmn
mm f f ^ cmnn nnrnn mt wm-'wtnf A l f f n (ntttA f m f t . fwf%nict w n m ffnsm fne 'ên i
tnmf ffsemn
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W1H
ascribed to Hunain ibn Ishaq, fttCW ife?b-

tr f e ^ t W i t ?eit CT, ' w f t f T tr-t%wTstm r f t ffft W ? t Ctawf t W C f f r ? ?tbw WW t f t atf; (o) A. Casey
Trachoma (wfwfftfft RtaFpif t r ^ f f r r o ) [wtrfT-'W?H, A. Wood, Memorandum Book of a Tenth
t f r w r r t ^r?f, w r f r , w r t r i ati tr? f f - t w r n t Century Oculist C W f t t ? t W ) , f f f l c W ife^ % i
2fb c t a f e ? 2fr? a t i t t t f f t T ^ t " Cornea Pannus" T. Samelli ( E . 1 . 2 ) / w t f t ttctw

( r r t ) "entropiontrichiasis "t?ffn<[t-fT'W?)-a? "^TRR (g. f t w )
tntj f w r ? f l f f Itt i W f f t wftTtt-ffk Ttf
wrtTR ( ^ j - l L ^ o^) s Wtf (Goliath)-a?
^ t t f w T a t i >"f? r f t w t t T t n t sffw w ^ t r r ; ? ( r , t i r f f t
ti?w w r c f t t l f f ? c f f t f t f t t r ? w ? W f f C t ? t r ? f
f f t - ' w ? ? W f f t f t t ^ i f f 4 i r ? ?twirft) w t - r f t f f
ffsftftc?? 'E?t'-a w f f w a f t t w t ?ttw f c ^ t fftwc?? i a t
t j t i j v s ( C f i t t ) ' S p f t f t ? t t f t t ? W W R f c r ? t (suction)
w t f t ' r f wif'-a? Wft? w?ff f i t I t r ? r t f ? c t ? tf?c?
t f f w t t w t f ? tpwcj i f w ?? a t i w f j i t f t w r r a f t ^ i c t
a t ? i t ftittf t ^ f f w wtc?, w f t ( w ) t r ? fffT^ w t f w c f
t j t r s ?tccfe, I a t f t r t t cwalt fw?w? w t t H t f w ? w t j
wwt f f f w f l c t ? (f. A - S . Marmardji, Textes
r r ? t f b f t i r f f t t f e i t w t f t w ? fffriw ^tr^ i f r ? ? f ? ? i t ,
Geographiques arabes sur la Palestine,titftt
t t ? ft!? f t f t t r f w t r t f f t t ^ tkwa t i a ^ f ^
ifeUi, 1. ie?; G. Le Strange, Palestine, ob-8, 8bi) i
c r e t ? c r t ? (motor) c t f f w a w T f (Lachrymal
Crusader-ct? t f f f ^ S c t t WtatCf t W ?t T u b a n i a
. ducts)-? ff??t ctffcw t t t I t r f f ^ f S f t i t f ? ? a t t i t
Wtr Tubanie. t W ? t f t f t f c g t Cftt Wt fWttt-ftW
fifi?tct? ? M t ? f t t t t t r ? f f t t f W f "wf ttft-r?rt eib-ZCTCt^ iivo Wtfct t t ? t l W ^ ' f ? t f f t f c t ? (Franks)
( f . W f , 8i/ioos,) ffw W C t T f f f ^ (Optics) t i a t W f t l f f ffft? f i t ? f f t w f l c t ? , t f f Cft? f ^ t t f w t wir?-1tf
ffttt f f f f s w t i t - t t t l f i f ? I t r e w f f f t f f l f w 5 f t f f f " f f w f t t r f f r f l c t ? ( W . B. Stevenson, The Crusades in
WT^ f t f t t ? f f f t t W t t t c t ? f w t f f f t ? f c a tt<3 ^
the East, Cambridge ifeo'i J., AÂ-o; .R.
t ? ^ l f f f t c t ? "ff%-C5wr" (sight-spirit) [ ? i ^ ' t - r t t ? , ?;?
Grousset, Histoire des Croisadas, ii, t i t f t t ife8b-
ftttf, f f twitft! t w i t t i i ? fc?? I a t t t c ^ ?^ t i t i f <HA8; S. Runciman, A History of the Crusades,
w t t t ? ? ^ r r t r t t t t t t f c t t t f c ? ? t t ? t f a stt? t f t ii, Cambridge ifee? 8ofe; K. M. Setton (ed.), A
t t ? t f t f f w ^ r c ? w t r - Q w t r r t f T ffbw i t c t t t I t r e t ? History of the Crusades, Philadelphia ifeee %,
C f t ? C f l t i t f C t t t f t e t ? ?iCt Is. ^WI?? t f w ffiWtft-tltftt
efefe) I
f f t - ' w ? ? ] c f T t f t a t t f t f i c f tf. t t t ^ r f f t f ? r ; f f t t ? wttt-wifw f r t w f f t f t w ? t a f t f c ^ ctw?ict r w
w w w ] , (Vat, Borg. Vl/^) ?fSw ijt?lc? I C T t f W , t W t f f îRt? ?e r w t t ? , bdb/'o c ^ c t ^ , i ? ' j 3 o - a t i t t t w i t r f i t
? w t f t f e ^5tc? w , C t t f c t f f t t ? b f c r t f f c f t w f f f r ? a t i WWC Kitbuga Noyon t t t f c t W t f f ? f f f r t w f ?
f l c t t f i r r t n f t ? fftc? t w f ? f i c t ? i f f f a t fftc? f r c f ? a f f t c t t ^ w f ^ f fti? w t - w t t f t - ' f s n f f t ? f w t t f t r t t w
t f w Cft? t f t ? f f w ? b w w t i i ? f t WWCt? cttuc? w c t w t I f f t c ? ? w t f f ttwct? r c w t r w ? ??tfc? I
f w ? ? f y ? i f f c ^ t i ct, t t ? t f w t - t t r t f (?/<t t w f ) w t f f w f t f ? W f W R ? (vanguard) t f t T t f f?Ct?
wt-?TOr'?r?-a t t r c t ? w w t t t f t f r ? f c ? t t t c r c a t Baybars ( f . ) , Wtf. t i f l l f i t i,Ao,ooo, W ? C t t w t ? f i t
c t t t ? ftcrfw t l c t ? I t f f t w t - f i ? r w c ? fMa=ct t t t f c t ? io,ooo w W c r f (Bar-Hebraeus-a? f f f ? 'Wl?f f t
w f f f f S f t i w t f w c ? w i r t Gfft f f t f s f t f W c ? t f t f f i f t ? t l t l t at?it f ^ ; f t f f f ? ?ct? f c ? f WWI?) I c w ^
^rflct? I wtrct? wtftftw t t w t t t t t w t f f r t t t (Left wing)
f f f f t 8 (ctacwt f & f t i t f t t , f t w w f f c w r t ' w ? f f f t r f t ^ t c w w f t t c f t t f t w c?ct w t w t f w f f t w t i t , ftf w t f f
t f t w t l c t ? , f r r f f c w r t ?bw f c ? ? i w ? f t w w w ? f f t f f w f ^ ttt? t f t ^ r t c w t r f t f c f fff%r f f r f l t i
flwpT w f r r ' w ? f f t t c t ? t r w f f w t ? ^ f c ? ? i w w c t ? c r t t c t w t f t t f w f W ? f f f r o r a i Huieku a t t r w c ?
w t i t ? a t f t G3f? C t t f C t ? t c w f w t ^ ) 1 ( i ) J.. ca^tiftw - ^ w f f t f r w f f f c t t t f e f t f w f e r ? ct?ct? s i f f t f ? t
Hirschberg, Geschichte der Augenheilkunde bei fffcwfit, f f f ctC't^ i?efe-a Mongke (Mangu)
den Arabem, Leipzig ifeob- =f.; (?) M. Meyerhof, Khan-a? f f t ? t? C t l ^ WSICWI? w w i w f t CW^ffCt? ft?Ct
The book of the Ten Treatises on the Eye w?t?t- wia^tt fffcw t t f ?? t t t ( f . ? t f f f ? , oefe) I
t t w f iffcfit
t.ft.Vie
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Contents
nAwnwj af^ntfw ^ 8 (-) n t s s - f f ( f f f , i t . , s - a o t . =

fsRw ?5tnn -aft ^wt ffsf?TOt ntm cwn fnlhi-1ip#n Quatremere, Sultans Mamlouks. 1. 1. f . i o s - b ) -a
ntgtwic^ nn, nnt nfnn fnftn t w t w t cnmicns Stan ( 8 ) wrfn-ntAlfnn ( W e m nt, nt., nfe) i wtm m f t fnftn S^n
ttcw n ^ fnntfin i -atntnt nnatstn m^ fn1nf%w fc^ ^ c w wte^ s (a) w t f t t m , wmtfwf fswtfnf-nstnmnfnn-mfnn
cmwnn fnn^r^ f f f ntftf wnmw fnnffin i Rwfnf fln -anrw-wrfn-, w e m i!8b f., Aon-fe; (-!>) f f f , n n s f
n^tcn f f f mt WtAtnt fnw? nfwcw f^ t^rnnt nsfnnt fnfwtfwn-ntntn, Atsnnistn i ^ f f s f . , f . -s-bo f . ntAtcw
cnt^nnc^ tntfww mfnntRn i tm wwtc^ wtmcnn wenn t s f n - w t n t f .affcts S e g t wtcA ( n ) t m f ( t s f n - f - a m f ,
wt^tn ffnt fnmfin i cwm mf -at fln cn, nnr-afn win-At'sstfnfn wtfn'wt, m t m n , ft. i f t i , 'j. - o s s ) , fnnnt -ant
nntmtnnrfcnn c$<?fcnn) nsfnf^ -a nsf"^ wtn stew tnticus iFttns -a fntnafn f f t n f p t f e ^ n t R ttff (Eracles, At.,
f^tnncw ninAw Atcwfin [SntAst^ntt mtf ttmn msm 8 8 8 ; Wm. Tyre Cont. m m . Migne, ft. i o 8 8 ; ( b )
fnwr^ wtmfwn, ^J. Aob- f f f , f. t o n ; D . Ayalon Akanc-i^n Grigor-i^n w t c f f n S m t l t n , m m . R. P.
WtAtn nfsw The Wafidlya in the Mamluk Kingdom, Blake -a R. N. Frye, in HJAS. m n t t , iJ8fe f., %
IC. i J s f f i , S o f f n tfn ttffcnn fnetn w<ff wRnw, -s8fe; (Si.) f f t f n n n t f n w t f n n - w t t n , m m . -a w f . E .
wtn-tntn, *t., OH^)-^ fnens ^ wtnsnt fnnte^ i Âtc ffn Blochet, Patr Or., i A t . , 8 i n ; ( i o ) Bar-Hebraeus.
tnntcsin ffn^^^nn cnenntn mttten i i n i n j i ' W t f ens ffnnnn Chronographia. Oxford ife-s^ f . , S-ofe-So; ( i i )
Scfit nsfnntcAnl i tmf a wmtm cn n w Sn cvtwcns atfw wtfn-Wtw, w t f f ftwrnifnt-fantn, ?nniw i b J o f., f .
nmffff atm*fn <ifssif|n wtmm 5Ate -ansft wfmtfnw f f 8bS>; ( i A ) w H - m f m t S f n - ' w t f n (ed. CI. Cahen), BEt.
ftmcn Seat nsfnm nen, cmwnn -ansft cmt c n n i n n c * fnfn Or. XV, ijffe-n, f . i n * ) i aim t s t f S^n s (i-o) n r f f f n
nttjns t a p ntftf tntfww nsfnmfln -ant wtmm ajfwcmn ^c -at (mm. -a W f . E. Quatremere, t J t R n ib-sto f . , f.
-oSJi-ffA) I W a . ( i 8 ) B. Spuler. Die Mongolen in
w e t mm titstfln cn, mntf wtn wtn nsfwtn n^fff nnew
Iran, Leipzig iS-fe f . , f . ffn; ( i f f ) H. H. Howorth,
m^fln I
History of the Mongols, -ot., n ^ i b b b f . , i-ba t . ;
iat fnwn cmma^cnt (.ii9ri(.>t wtatsnttttmn tRnmf^ nttn ( i - b ) R. Grousset, Croisades. -St., -5>o-s t . ; ( i n )
mt I w t WtAtm cncmtetfnm -a tmss Rcetcns nten ntf^tntfln Runciman, Crusaders, -at., ' O i A - i ; (ib)
-antfnRntcss S ^ fnfn^ '^cw ntsft^ nsfnm ntf^tntfln i ntm Stevenson, C r u s a d e r s , -s-ss; ( i f e ) A. Waas,
AS^, 'wtsn wtfw fntenn (3iew mtt t w f t ^ nanWfntnsenn Geschichte der Kreuzzuge, i t . , Freiburg 1956 f . ,
ntnts^, wswte^ ntf^fcns atfwcstn mf fln i 'J. - S i n ; ( A o ) CI. Cahen. La Syrie du Nord, t i t f f n
af?t# s Rncsn nnmnfnss f^-fnstcAs ntmtif nisnisn-'an iS>8o f . , f . n i o - i i I
^twn <oi(Af'Ms ( i ) tsn t t w ( A ) tfn 'wtnfnw-w ifts ntm
B. Lewis (E.i.2)/cmAtmn cmttsnns cAtmtn
fnffs^ ssfsntflenn wtmt -ast wtAtcns sfnt t s n f fnnffn
-^fwAtfn^tctn wfnss 3ftjcsss n ^ %f^ nfnm wffnw A S i f l w s l ^ ( ^ l _ U Oi-c) 8 w t s t f n wtntins (Antaph),
fwttmtw tsn tpmenn 'wtnn wtfw n t f w n<mnfA -atn njtfSn ATtntfn (Hamtab), iSÂi f . Atew tmcss w i f e t m
Rwjvii^; fAts 5tc?s wstsfnn wsf^p A S ntt (MS. Selimlye ttfnmnef n m A S i Smn n ^ w t s ^ ff?nm (a ) 'wtnf o
1507. Edirne; CSssn f f Wfnten atstf^lw 8 M. wtftf-a (g. wtnns m s m -am ntnm, n w f nttjt b-b8, w e m
Serefuddin Yaltkaya. ntnttnn wtRft, t^lF i'S'Si f.) n t ^ t ) I tAt wtnemfnnts n f t t - f c s -xift n ^ f f t A n -ast
ntmew fswenn wen^ t t f ^ nftmcA i nsnw tsn 'wtsfnw- - a f t atcnt (fnmenw)-<an n t w m f ; wnnttrt is.'^ff f . tfs
wtftesn n4nn-ansft nsff n t ^ t fftt fnfSfwnm t t # i f t êw <^,iff,8 n s w n I-stenetn w f e n n f t s t c A f t b f t w f m cwm; nm '
-an. -ans. ntfnm w f Baybars I of Egypt men msn ttew ttffstncwt, fffmn, fnfnt, tnmftnt -a tisfsfws> i
ii*-ii n e n af^mffw AtsicA ( i - s tat -a f m ^ ) i S^ afcfs -aft t A s f t fstewn S t n f 'nt^'--as Swtn wtsen f t i ^ ^n^f f <
f R n ttt! (Text) t^tfcn n-a'^ nftstcA (ft^fft W W A nês>s fnnnên wsf?w i tAtens - a f t rnn'wtt ste wtenem
s-o-jsn) I cnt fc^ s i s s i s e n s t f ^ t t f w n n t n fln, -at nsttftn tn S ^ - n f f e t fn? i wen mn'wtctn nf%t m c ^ m m R n t s
Stn n ^ wtemt nsff:w f?tm 'wtnfw-wtftse^ f s wttn fne^ t m s i ^ f t m m sftstcA i w t s f t f n - t f % c n ff|w; ctent^
"3rtan n t ^ ^nrc^ i 'mnf fnnfn -if%mffênn nftetm n ' s f t f^ntn m w t<m (Edessa) -a ^nT n f n f e n wf^
tnmf Rsemn
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Contents
'Wt?HCSfCRW
RMffitf t f f t ?tc w r a s f f e t ro'WR R f C f ? ft?R?J*I? ticfstft ?sff wfffw T I , wit? iS)Ai 1. tfw f ? t f fet?
t t N ^ i w ^ftnsn wffem c w c t ? ? f ? ? f R i R ? W f f t r c ? i w w s t ? wfffte?ftef I
tr? ( S f t t Rtw WTf?1? ftC?s Fl?TC? I W?tJ R l f ? ? f ? C W t t t t t r t f w a fc? 'wtttwte?? cwt wttitn? t t ?
^tcw ftf R t W - R f f ' S a f t C f - ^ f t C f opt ill ffwe? I R^ltia iil?sf5 af-wfWiR f i t wtcfff I at W t 3 R l t ctfCt? (Pekmez)
ffwe? C ? t f t (?1W?W) R f W f C f fw?-f? f?e?5, W t ? f t f f w e f - f ? w t f gtwtett ti?wt cfg f i t i attte? f^ ttw? f t ? ftife
f?e?5 fff??T ffww tfw I wffwtewet? t w ffw a t s f t fw? afft f ? f w o f f t l t ; t r ? f Rt?et? att's f t T I i
C?Rtst WRR-WWfwW C?t RfW:f WfWt C?R RfCf? R f f e fftft S ( i ) W'fw, of., <\<ih; (A) t f t t f f ,
ffftw flftlc? a?v ffffw Rtewj? wwwe? te?R w flf Jilt Cosmographie, Rrt. CtTC??, f . ô(t; (o) WtfR-ftsw,
wtetew ^ ? i w t w t cflfltic? i wffwtewt itcw ffetfwcf? V^f., 8(t; ( 8 ) t f t f t w t , W t t - W t R t f W - f t w ^ , W^.
T f t f ee ft. ff., ftffw ^vm<\ f s i f 8(t ft. ff. a?i wtetew Vatican, f. 156, r. (f. A. Ledit), Rtfffe' ffaftt, oof.,
ttf)? i o o ft. ff. I ifeoe 1-, I- oi-^ ffew. f f f ) ; (a) tfff-ff^Rt,
'wt??wT? w t a W t R f t i t ^ i F f f f R f f w g r s ? f f t t f t f ? t i Wtf-f?Wt-fRWfl?, t ? ? i W ifeofe 1., '(i'î-A f t . ; (b)
w e t t t w w f ^ - ' j f f f f f f f e t ( f f f , faflet ^p3f?1W) aftft? f t t l f f t , wtftt Ttw?, W f t r o s i f e e i - 8 f , At., o o A - o i i ; (<\)
?tet *wt?W5iwe?? f t ? wffft? fffwf?t a ? i cwwwitf f ? t RHC. Or. i o f . , fffS; ( V ) Bar Hebraeus,
tstw tetft (Ptolemy) firffe Rtft' fttte?! (Cicero) Chronography. W W t f i f e o A % , \<\<\, A V i , oie,
f f f r f f e "wmw'; tw f i t f f f - a ? w f t c ? afft w s p t i wtwft 0)A-0, 8 o o ; (fe) t T t f , W t t - R t ? ^ - tTT? f W f t TTWt,
f R w r ? w ? f t - w w w f f e f f f w t s R t t voei/fe'iiA R t e t W t C t e f t ifeA'^ f , i t . , 8i'Js-8ee; ( i o ) Ritter, Erdkunde,
? t ? W ^ t t ?sf?s wfffw ?'a?t? t?t f f f - a ? w?te?t i o o 8 t.; ( i i ) Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asie. At., i W t.;
' W T S t w T ? wffft? f f f w t ? 1 f C t WfW fR<(tw f f f C f ( i A ) G. Le Strange, Palestine, ^j. 8 A , ov^; ( i o )
wtttwT? ?ftw tblt? ?se?? I filft iifctes? ftwct f?t wnrctft? Honigmeinn, Hist. Topographic von Nordsjrrien
ffWCt^R (Philaretus)-a? RigtWJfW f ? t i RtfCiSf? t t f t ? im Altertum, ZDPV-CW, i S ) A o - A 8 % t l i'bo; ( i 8 )
(Baldwin of Le Bourg) aeRt? W f ^ (Count of Dussaud, Topographic hist, de la S5Tie antique
Edessa)-a? Wtw C?te5ft? CWettft (Joscelin of et medieval, e' Paris 1927, Afefe, 8o8, 8<)A f t . ; (i<?)
Courteney)-ef tW CR?ttf?R? Wttf? ftWCt'tW? fW- R. Grousset, Hist, des Croisades. ife08-0'ii it.,
^?tf?t I wwst? tw w f t f a A? cwtetfftef ct<3W ttlf?t i 8fe, OfeA, A f . , , i f e A Afe'b-'^, Afefe t., OoA t., Oo^-<), O t . ,
iieo 1. ftwt? f f f t - a ? w f t f ? ^ A? cWctttt t f ^5tct 'ii'iii-'iife'^; ( i ' b ) CI. Cahen, La Syrie du Nord a
ipt^tt W W wi^ttfe?? t t f e f w w t 3 t wtw^tt? tatt I'epoque des Croisades, tnftt ife8o, iiet., i i V ,
WtfCtR ffCtWR (Manual Comnenus)-ef WffW Ct? i ob-b", 8 o e , Hod I ifefeo 1. W T ? ? W t e t ? fswtef f^ tia^tw
f f f iiei f Cftf?!? ^ h ' ^ < P fRWR t t t ^ ttt W t t RtalWJ^
wtnff? WW a. ( i ^ ) Andrea, La vie militaire au
ftfw R t I i i e f fw? fgl? t? tw ftwt? f f f t f f f Levant, tnfft ifeAo 1.; W t ? 5. ( i b - ) f f t t t t f tf^Seflf,

wfffw ? ? I wt?ff tw wiewiW tetet? a f t t w i f f e t ? a ? i ffett. wt?t wif, cttfte? f T i l t Rwet^ f f ttf^fer^ f f
aftt wsjttf C5tftew tfttw ?? i t t e t wtfjfcf? t ? ? f wiftw <?m\ ?ttic? I
M. Canard (E.I.^) / ws a.ft. <iff wtrUt
ftet wtfWR? W R ^ wtefftef? f f ? ^ i iAî i^b-o
'^fcR cWfWR? f ^ ffffw wfftiw? t t ? f t t R t t t f f W t e ? *^mH Cy)>tC"lfy (.-.:.:.--. 0^^) S WMf^ffill^l af
Wtret? f t W R t W T I I i S o o '^fCR w t t f ? f f f s w f f f W T I I f ? ? , We?? 80: wtt (Â f f w ) tfwf-tf%et Tlemcen
wit? ftttcWftf? f t ^ t i f t W t f f ^ tttef? wfttft w f f f f R f C f ? f t ? wttf I at f ? ? f t c?r!i t t ? Albulae
ftw f f f t T f ? Riatwjfw fe?? I t f t f ftet t r Wtf? t f ? ftiwet? t t f t f t e ? w?ffw I wtt-Wff ( e t / i i f
f w - f Tf? ?sf? f t ^ fitfct? wfffte? ^tfw Wf, Wttw f w f ) f^:?? Rtwt ftf? tfwt-ff ffcf t T ? w ? f t ? f i t ?ftw
cWff Rwtfcw *f?wfe<i? tRiwt ftft? fe? i w t t -^tcw fegt ftfwe?? (de Slane-a? Wf., i f e i o f , i8'5s, i'Jso) i
tw??t t r *f?ttf Rtgiesw? w i f f e f t f?t i c f t f ivo? f t t f w ib-ofe 1. Ain Temouchent ^ ?tW?
ib-8o f ttrfef Rte? t r fttwt "wtf? ftttttet Wtfffwie? wftie?) w t f ti?w? tt^fct a?stt f f - w f ? ftft ftfttfit i
ffte^ra w w ^ ' ^ T I I is>is> ^. f f t t W f w s t tw1%cw tW ib-se ^. 'wttni-f llfcim ctwttt^ at fTitt tfî fill? ^sRj
ttwf fffCftt
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'wtsn fnt
sTf wRsH iRbHHi w I tsnlt S t R m ?t'n?m m^ % ( i ) Syria, Publ. of the Princeton Univ.
cm t^ mimmmtm cnrnttrr R t msftw Arch. Exp. to Syria in 1904-5 And 1909.
wR^ I -at tAOT -sRs-wfrnst wRsTf tSi^Tî i tm ^smRrrm Division W. Section D : Arabic Inscriptions (by
m ^ f R w w r a -aft mwm i tms mn:?(#fR nfs w t -s Sfs E. Littman), Leyden 1949, 88f i
mft stmmo wt^s, wR-wwfR, cmj wt#s m, mmtm -a mn E. Littmann (E.I.2)/-a. c^. -an. fnnt^ tnnm
mess wm mms AS i
J. Despois {E.I.2)/wtffm mfn '^rf?R ^ ( ^ j - o^) % ( i ) f e ^ fentm:n -smf
'^STITR TTT^t^ j j CJ^) S twSfnfnms S-srs Atosi fms (e*^) wnf?w -assft fenn mn i tm fln nwmen wtfmn
f S Sees -aft ?m stm wmtn w m n ( A ^ S > V f t ) -a wtmn fss nten fnfgw fs?w wtff (Edomie) ntn^ ?tenn ntfns Sen, mm
(-3-38-5 ft)--gs nsmf S t s T W wsf?f i wm stew -asnt nw^
f. f. i-3t- <ht twtfew ntn W A S (Nelson Glueck,
The other side of The Jordan, fnS AJten iisSo f., f.
'-amf fwfsstm (<_>jjji j-j_^)'nmss Smsmn Atm fnmmns
(fs<R) nfs sRm fstmcA t ww-as, mnff^ f H w f ^ ' W n A8) I tnnrf n'^ne f m t fnwtenn A % en wmtews nft
mstAtn fffsmm -aft - 8 ^ f < ?m -as?, w m w nssn mfm wff t t m sftsteA entmen Asnw fnt (wt) f s m nfens
wnsens nem S^ ffen wsf?w i f. n s s t f wRmn 'pflsnes sm?fwew -ansft mtes wtmw f f t n stsft smm mfts mesn i
cwntesn Delebeeque-'iis cnntwn tm f f m s f s m ns, w mtesen (mmf?^ iff s An) new Sfff msit nmm -afn
wmt stew -atmen -asnt Tsmt,*^ cnm-mfn ffrmm sftnteA i (Eiim) stew srnrft ttnrfln, w aien wrmw nsm Atîfln
-at cnmfnstenn sfmte^ fen fes -aft tSem%i ntffstj cssg-s CATcnn (Horeb) ntnss ?ten (ntmt^ i^sto) i m f w (s. -sntf
nfwm Sei i (nwmn t w t f n sfnnfne^ -amnw tSentfn) fnt)--a Wfntn nnftfn wnwm nsesn, mm nnnf ^men fnwtens
f n n f f n ntmt fln 'fts tw i w m w w--an nnw nmn fln wtmw wm-mnmtf nswf fnntff% nsm stnteA (wtffn,
WtAtenn ffnm fnfesn afstn^n Smn i fnwtenn wrm A Stoofnnfn wmtews ntmtfntf) i f f n nenn,
Asnw fnt (wt) fAm ne^ est mtnft wtfnm -at ?tm ntfintflenn
r ? n ^ s ( i ) A. Winkler, Les Principaux points
Steategiques de la Khoumrie, in Revue wtm Atet smft nmm nnftm mfts A S I William of Tyre
Tunisienne, 1899 A.C.; (A) E. Vio lard. La tme^ (A History of Dees Done Beyond the Sea, W f .
Tunisie du Nord, Tunis 1906 AC. i E. A. Babcock -a A. C. Krey, fnS t s f iS.8-3 f., i,t.,
G. Yver (m.m.t.)/ cntntess wtsnn i 8 8 ) ntmtpsesm i nstofea fiff?tenn nest ntf^ nfnm nen
wrr?H t^^fTFT ( 5 _ L l j cjy^) % S ^ RfRms -ansft nmm i nsenn, mm'nas-o we'mfn -^cne-bs ^mftfs nft ntf^t i
IVTusil S<m nsesn (Arabia Patraea, fenm iJsob -st.,
-af%-Q<p -Q wttnem n t w nmnfe w n f ^ nfnm Sm ' a ^ f f f i
-s-so), fAm nnes fnntflm ( 5 . u i _ j ) wtssm fnt (wt)--as nft
tm ^n5n-ntmw--an ff| snmtnetenn (mm nîtfenn wtan
fln) nf%en wnf? i -at smmftn S5,n ^ wtmn mftm -at smnm nmefn wm tmess ff?nnwten aw nsffo i
(Djabai Barisha)-n S ^ fnew mf wnscn i ftm nnttm cn
(A) fnfsnm Aistens wm-nnfn mn^ ?fenn S ^ wnf?
nn^ mnft'smn nsnt 9.t<ii(l=i Sms ffwn fnm siilR-a ^m tm m -ansft ntsnrn mn (Rene Dussaud, Topographic
fen (ntfn) mww stnteA i ' w f Sef=f wfnten -at historique de la Syrie antique et medievale,
nrnmft b-'iViB^^-isi-s men fnsst? s^ms wtn^ wfsntf mtffn bÂ^-f., f. -s8Ji.; Baedeker, Palestine and
ntA"fn tsn w t A W mm nsfsmflenn i nsnw m f n snen -at Syria,nttnRn iS.iA f., f. itoff) i
ntnntftn me< -aft wnsnfw n f ^ SfXsifl-n i f f n tmmnen (-3) wenrn fes wtstfn ffifwrn'-as mnenetn f f ^
fnffo f f f mntenn wnfttttt -a fnfnn ttnnmen fnfnw n^nimns wnf?w -assft CAf^ ntsm (Les Guides Bleus, Egypte, mtffn
mntenn sntntnetn '-iimt-a ffrmm i -at wmntft nwfen iS.ffo f., f. Aff-5) I
wnnnfwfn, wen Sm ntnfnm (Sermeda) Snwifwn mten WICA i '"srtTR (,^>- s ( i ) wntenn ninmt nm^
n^fn sfnrn ntntnn f f m n m f f n n c^mm f f essfnm tmess ?tenn S ^ enem nfewn n f f ^ S ^ nswns-sfn nmm i
WtAtenn cn-tiAtSf^ ftnten m n w f m s i nrnmft -af^-ass -a -atRs ntntfntes -sntf 'Sfn fms mnwn w t AS, ntsm mR
wtenemn n n m f nsmtfnenn wm -s^f'f fln i w n wtsjm nm mnes (Dead Sea) mww A S i -at wm nmm, entfn
enmcn w t ff^tm si^n ^Rw i swmen mmm tsjn mR nnsmeAs Se?T ftmen nm ^^tewe^.
tnntf ffêmn
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ton
d ' A m o r i u m , iA-i> A A 8 ) 1 A v V i o o men ctrm -sntfns

n = ^ f | n (F.M. Abel. Geographic de la Palestine, 'wtnn ntnm w f f s m nsfnm ntnntntttn f t c a stenetn ntnm c t m t
it., t i # n % f . 8too) I -at nmmsfnc f f s n t f f c n n -ant tfnttcn -it ?tcnn S ^ w m - f "wmfenn n t f t f s
mn w -atnit f t m n w nfnm f f w a , mmcnn Spsfct AtewsfAni
X5tmm stfw mm nfn cnn (Archlmandrte Bulus 'wtnn f c t m c s m t t 'mtnn ntnm-css f f m - - a s (tnn
Salman, ttfntw 'wT-sntff f f m n f f n - S n f f n , mfm (mm tsnmtnfsA, i o o ; f n t m , aa^, A e ; t n n smwt, i o n ,
w t n - m ' f f , -sA-is twTtfn) f n t n f tAS'sfnn ncm wfss
(A) f c n w t w n Sftn ffcntfntm n f f t - ' f c n f c n w nsfnrncAn 1 stmnw 8<f/ion t w t f e w -at t A s f t n f f f ntw w 1
S t m t c n n f c s n w j c n sttn iA ft ntnmn nnnn i wtn-mnsinf f f s n t c f fnff t f n Annsnn--an ste? ( i A i f . ) -at tAsess
( A t nt. de Goeje, nttcsn iô^ f., f . ^n) i -atafnn mn m-ss-ias t A s e f n w f s t t nfnm n<nt w t t t m c f 1 f n n s n
S c s t nsfnntcAn; f f g t m w n m t c f w cnf f f f ncnn nft i wtnmm -3 Stttfnw tnrtfns ffmsmn -at tAcsn nftw n t f t r
-atttcn - a f t cmt n % wtcA ntAtm 'jin f n m t '^c mttw t t w f f n -at s^fm fnrncAn 1 - a f t nnwenn nmwtct P a l m ttA
cnf^ncnn nft fnnn nftn nmm f f (T. Barron. The wnitt -ast b-gfnsi Snn f f n mm t f f f t w f f n (5. w m -
Geography and Geology of Sinai [Western t f ^ r t f , ffff, -b-s) I m'fw--an fff afcfs (-st., n-î)
portion], nnnem iô<^ f., f . -a-l3--sn, i o i AiA; Leon- n^fntfntes A t f m f ntnfn-m-sm -at tAsfte^ ffrnm nf^t wm
Cart, A u Sinai et duns I'Arabie Petree, w m fn fnfnnn fnnmn rnn nsfnntflenn 1 mm ^ss, -affo/s.-!3A
Neuchatel iJîff f., f.iff-ito) i mcnn ctens fne^ tm N i c e p h o r u s Phocas--as fnsst
H. W. Glidden (E.I.2)/wtmSn wr5m4t ^ w (-at tAcss wsemn -s ntnntntftnenn n s t n f m ,
'flTR {<(_> J j o^) t Ayn Zarba wtntcmftntn ff?nnw t n n t m w tm f ^ w e n n fntffo n-Rm w m 5. t s n
-at tRojw t A s f t f m n (Sis) n f f c t , f n n f m n ( f w f f fnnm^sntsA, At., is.o-i; w t m t n wctm w m s . M . C a n a r d .
IVIopsuestia) S<5n -ant wmAtn--an nft Sombaz cay--an H i s t , d e l a d y n a s t i e d e s H a m d a n i d e s , i t . , bob-b-) 1
ntcmt ?cnn mmm S ^ wnf? 1 tm - a ^ f f ^ ttAtTfs S t n fnfnnttcss nftmn w t as -^nt wtmm fnfnm wffct t n n
n n w n f f n n nmwtct -s Anazarba ( f . Hirschberg in w n I wKnfnrn 'stew nftf w t e n f n t t cilicia-'an w t m t n
Pauly-Wissowa, i t . , col. Aioi) mnns li^sf^ sfffm tAcnn tAcns nft tmess ^wg ntn f n m Philaretus-ens
sntntnctcnn S t n fnfnw Atsifln i 'wtnntt mens s t t m t t "wtm w f t f n f t e a s w t t f f m e n t R t w nsrnn f f ts -at t A s
(Ana)--an ?cn w t n f wtnn (oyc ntsm) rnnmn w (f. ntsntntitntenn t m m f e n f ^ i f f ? sttn zfcn^ m A^rnn
Sachau, in ZAVIII, hb-) i AtSifS-nrfn--^ n n n Atc-ot tm wnrnft f e n m n ^ t t W f n , f f n f m 'wtnn ntnm
f f f - Q s ^ ntw w I f f n tm fntnf nmfsss ntft ftntes fftt ( M i c h a e l t h e S y r i a n , - S t . , in-s, i n ^ ) n t n nsfnm n n 1
w n I ivo/<^^-!j nten f f n -at t A s f t fnsfnntt f s m tAte^ io^n f f e n B o h e m o n d - a n wtf?tenn ( w t m mfâ)
f n f % w nscsn -ant fntntcnn cnrntnc^ -atttcn nnnrn nsrnn Tancred fnfn fnst w n nsenn -ant B o h e m o n d - c ^
(wtn-ntntff ,-^5. i t i ; t s f n - n n f ^ , f . ii-o; t s f t - t t w , i n A n t i o n h - - a n w f n w s s t f f l w w n 1 B o h e m o n d ios.br
tsft-f%Am, wm-fnwi-fntttn, % i b e ) 1 AiVÂn nten f . A n t i o n c h - - a s nftw m s f n , -amm -s f f n f m - s t m n w
ntfsn fnnesn n m n f ftesin tw^m *mtnfftA t f n w i f ^ ffnn sfAt nnrnn 1 -at f t-a-sfn B o h e m o n d msntntttmms
?te wtRfnttcss w f n m -at tAen wn?tn w m (Michael, n m w ffmtenn f n w t A t m nrsm -ant mnntn&ftntt -at
The Syrian, - S t . , bo) 1 AAo/b-se men w m - f w t f n m f f f ?tnfn f n n t n w 1 Roupen--an wsn f f n w t c n f n ttnns
n t t r ^ -cwtww ((Zott) [ w m - n t n t f f , % ?f.,.wm-nm'^, i n T h c r o s f e n s n R e t wsf?- trfJ ffncw wrms t t n n
w t w - w t n f A , â-ff] -at tAcn wtfnstfAcnn 1 -at n t n n t s f f f i i w w n -ast i i o o - i i A s . m n ts s t w f w n 1 f f n
ntnntntttcn wtapnt nc51 A S i M * men n t n n t f t t t n t t fnntn mnmntitntcts Rfe -stew f n -s A n a z a r b a n t n f s m n n
-at tAesn S t n w i ^ t tfnmnm w ^tnt SAtcnn (Zott) ( R H C , A r m . I, 8^s.) 1 T h a r o s - - a s w t i n L e o - - a n
nftn-sfnnA tfsstss'fess n f nsfnm w f n f t e m t e n n t n t nm ntWfmten B o h e m o n d f n m n C i l i c i a - c w f w nfWf
(wtw-wimf, - S t . , % ii-b^ -8 iSAto; f . Vasiliev, Byzance stfwto ness -ant 'wtnn mnm wffet wsmn ^ 1 f f n f n m wen
et les Arabes, w r f , n t t . , i t . . La dynastie t^ns C a p p a d e c i a - - a n wfntfw .mfntmmfenn nftw ntnen
t n n t f fftiesnn
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"tiff
f5r<3 T T a?i iivso ffftft?wT T I iivSA-vs>s Leo M>ll>i, wit-'wtft at ftet ftfww f i t i t t f ? ffftt fftttflctt, ftf f T
Wirot '9 f f t f t t f t t t? iivS<H tiw 1l{|t|Hi;it'T1t ffftftr fe? tif5Ref mitft<3 TT I fff f i f f f , ffcftw tf%e??
WiTJFtt tsra I John Comnenus fTTO 'WRH ttiltf m fffft ^ s f f t f wgewt w (ObeUsks jULux^) 'wT??et?
Leo-Cf t # fc?t ( f t t t f f t , t1t. S. Dahan, ?f., 263) i f ? t ? l f f ^ wiewftiw f f f t i f i t I viift ws twft? f H f f w
G djbgks 1151 Ja., Leo-ro fai Af Thoros ftltftin? titfww wtc?; wtttt 'jjeViAffb- ttet wtiffr f c f i f f f e wte?,
Wf?tf? fS f W I ? 'wttt ttfft f t f t r tsTSI I Konya-at Wtfttftf Aoo f t ^ ( jLkAi)-a? wffe ffwt at wsttc
wftfff At f f f w Wtftftf, W T T ? fta M a n u e l f i t I ^ w ^ t t r ^ tfffe wttttff aff& t? ^ct w i f t a f t
Comnenus-a?! ftwettt *wttt tttti wtaptt tsffft t t f T T I tftiwRpf'wt?tet?wr!n?i'afft3tRflt i
iies. 1- Manuel tftfffttt wtlttj ftiTTt t f f e t T ' G t ^'Wtt flff-a? w t l c f t w T t r f f f t f ffe t ? f t f
fTRt I f f f iiÂ 1- ffetf Thoros t r f t f f t fCtt (f. at
w^tiet fifttfe ffîtff t i t t i t tiffr (Balsamgarden) i
fStrsftit t f f e tltlfl, F. Chalandon, Les, Comnenes, fftw Wtew, ftifet ftîff Cftt at ftett wfttw, tft^s f?^
A't., m-b, 8A'b-vso 'Q R. Grousset, Hist, des at ff%et? wfifR f i t f f f f r I f f t f ? f f t f fsitct? fffttw
Croisades, At., di, W, vsvovs, ofefe, <^b^b) i f f w t (Coptic tradition) tew fe-ttwi c t f ffte?
^ f f f fwtf ff3 Rupenian-ft ftttttftt f f t fftft ftt?et? f ?ftpftftc?fwittfet? fet 'wrat-fitt-a? tt?tt?
ttet I iAA'b % ^stcw tftett tttffft a t f a wicff t ma f ? ?a f w i t t fffttflct? I ftftittt'Q a t ftittf wtftw I
ttTRt WtT fctftt? Wta^t f f f r t t t fCt (a. Armenia, wt? ^tew i t ti??t fffa ftittffaief ffttffe T I I ttifcf
Cillcia, Missisa Sis f f f f t ^ ) i aftTRra wta^tfttt tttttt few? ftitt? t t w t t tffe f at tfttt? ftttftw
'wttt ttttt Wt3t f f f e T I (iAife i{. Bar Hebraeus, tittc 1
Chronography, S'JsA) t Iftwwtet IrAvS Arm='l<H^ ft. a f f f * i ( i ) t l f f f , ffwiw, if., AAIr f.; (A) de Sacy,
ii8 ttftf Wtftif fftH-a? tiwffietftiftiftittftfwwT i , Relation de I'Egypte, Ao f. b-b f.; (vs) W l t - t t f f ,
*wr!it ftttt ?.t f t t T I a t i ivs<H* % Leo fwi*i* T f (a. Wlt-tTffff, iSft; (8) BGA, if., d8; Trf., AA; (<?)
RHC Arm, if., b\rb ati "life) i WW8f?I f??tt t T O t f f f l f f 1ltf, wrsft-f?T W t t - f f f ? (Wf. Wustenfeld), 1.
ipf Ttitft c f ^ I f tstf fwrfr^s tfttttfi? Wffft wiT?^? tw ivS,fe'b;(b) Wf, f., H^, 8f., dbb; {<\) t f t ftWlf <ff.,
t r t l t l t l t ftflt ffCfttlt ftftlTSIt Tsfw T t ati wftf 88; (V) Baedeker, Egypt; (fe) Casanova, Les Noms
fwifc f f f t f tett fft\ ^ftti fit I Copies du Caire et Localities voislnes, % So f.;
^ffff fwrfew a t f T t f fff t t t T t tt'amt (f. ( i o ) W. Heyd, Levantehandel, Af., dbb f.; ( i i )
Wlft-fftl, At., Af wif, A5i>) I tfffet at ftttt tltfl<3 W f f f , ffwt-, IFAO t l . 8f., brfe-ioA; (iA) J. Maspero
ati wttiitti ttet fftffe I and G. Wiet, Materiaux pourservir a la
tff#t 8 fte^ f%ffe fWt% tifw 5. ( i ) Le Strange, Geographle de I'Egypte, i i i
iAfe; (A) Ritter, Erdkunde, xlx, db; G. C. H. Becker (E.I.2)/ tttW fffSjf cTCtt
Schlumberger Un empereur byzantin au Xme ÎSf I " ^ " t ^ S ^ wiWf WTCf Lepanto WtW
Siecle, Nlcephore Phocas, ifei f. i Naupaktos ?W T I WtT? f f Wf i Corints f fWtC??
M. Canard (E.I.2)/witftt f t f t fe? wft f f ? ftct w t ^ at c r t fTift f^tie? w f f g j ^ i
oj-t) 8 ffte? W t f f W a f t f T i I frattcf t r ? wffwftift tet Epaktos, t w f t W t r e f

ftft ffte?? 'St' (On) f T f f t t w t t f t t f 'WT?tt f t t t I f f f ^ Lepanto WCt wtwffe fC? i f?tfi>? b f i f f w ( ^ ftffet
ff-tfttt a t f r ? wftf tiftitt ^ f t t t t t t t f f t t f t f f t f ^ ftfettfe I cetf?et? f t t w t c t a t f t f ? ffffe t t t i f t i ;
C#rafitt (Heliopolis) i 'witf tttft (ttttt wfti f f f if) f r f C t W t ^ afft c r t f f I ttlfCt WtaW w t f Corlnth
wtfi a f f t fffttw ffiwt t t e t t 'wttffw ?if a t i t T f f f f t t t f ? aWft? f f f fffffe. fc? a?i i8oi f t r cctf?
cftwtt w i ^ wttftw I Cftt Cftt ffefte? te fttwfe? wtet If. Vltt. Lazzarlnl, L'acquisto di
ttftctt ftt fwiftfe? "wttt f t t t a f f t iFf f f f T i ati Lepanto, i8o<i, in Nuovo Archivio Veneto, id t.
aftt csttra ( s j ^ ) t t t fit wtttt wticft tew t T fit f f f t ( c f f t ivfev^.), A'bVb-vsvsj I iSbo f f r f??tt ttet?
Ritf^t t t r f i t ? fTtvcf f p m "^t I tflwft fief? w?i afft ?jf wtcstt Wfmtw fc?, f f f isfes. f. f r t t t
t t w f ft'UCfn
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wf
W t O T S nten WTtn I iffii f S t e ^ n w t i H S Don Juan, iA-a/i^y^^n nten 0'tî(^5cmtn--a f R w t W R t f n f mmnt
wISntn m f e t nn? n?i^ w f t t R Oxia f n f ! : w nl^êt -ans -ass tRnten wntsfAtnnf -af nsfn iniro f . fnw t A n t f f s r t t
i f g f p i w n w n i cttetn n n s f n f t Don nsfnm f n n t n,nn wtnrcwtfnnm fnfw^ w m t t t f f a n t w m i
Juan--an cnw^rfn flnÂffolt ntente-sn m * t % m f n^s w w s t n f f n ftfen nnfw ? t t n w n -ant cnftten f n w m
(-imst cnfnfn, w t n t t t c t f n ) i -af cnl-fra Don Juan wtAW-ian ntfntmn ffmPmn nnsm i fsR^ n*fff aitmfn^ t n
n n n R n t ^ - a f t f f f cntsAesn f f i f t n r w - a n t ^ t w f f w n t f w nsrnn t n R f n i v - o i f . *S^ntf nigtewm n n m f
ntwff f f f n t m i itoVH f . w f ? mifS c f n f n tnwran f ^ tn fnnîensn n f w i 'wtnf w f wtmn wmttns fnfas ^ i f f n
-af t s n - a w T cn (Bay) ttfnw f f m n w (Sandjak)--an f A m nnm f w w e j c f f l f n ^ ^ p w ntAfcnn f f ^ ^ c w fnetn
ntwntf f l n i c R f n n t itoS)S> f f c ^ A-JJ w i f n i f c w n t t f n w WfsfA ntw nsfnntflcnn i f n w m fsjens - s ^ atmn w n -ant
ttf% i R n ^ tn -af t s n wtsjcnn ^ f ^ f c n ntet i f m n t n n W f s n s Sttfnew f f f s nsenn i f f m t n fsjens ttntwn-n
ytntn -af t^nlt f f e n n nten sfnrn ntn -ant iVAS) f f e ^ iA m-sntRmjt t i n ^ - - a ntnm w t An s f m n nnntnfn^ m t ^ t t
nt^ 4 t w i f m n t n nsfnnt n n i wtnm n t f f S t m t e s n f n t f w f A m n ^ f n S ^ mntt f n e w n m i n n * fmm -at f n n cn
fne^ Corinth S t m t e n n ar? n t f f s w s f m i | m. ( A t f . fsat wtmenn fnnst ffnnt mmn wtm sfew ^ A S , f f n flenn
fn,)--^ t f n t w An i c n f f f n n (mAfenm?p S ^ ^ p c n Kastro -answn cwmtfcn, f n m f , w^êmft misss i m-emf ^ i f <wt^
Roumehas nten -ant n f ^ t f P H Rastro IVIoreas nten sfen-s f f n mnsmntf w t f n n t ^ n n nffw m f f t ^ cmttcmt
ffAsnsm^t) - ^ t s e s n f w n ^ c n f f*fitRsftt^%if^ n ^ nsfncsn; w t f ctem^ w t f w cmsstt f m n S t n t f n a j w
fAtenness f f s f nnen "fs ntnntcnfnn' men wttnfnw nsm ^ w i fnm w n i
t n n f w n -affn Rtn?ct t f n t w A S I nwmen f f A t w n ^ n m f g (i) niw?in-wtmfAn (iAto/ibrAo-i), f f f , w t n f
f n n t f f wfftnw -af tASttew mm f f n t f m n nnf t % t n m-a n n ^ wfwmn; ( A ) fnmtw-mntA, cwfnntfcnn (Janissaries)
nsenn i sfltn n ^ R f f s -ansft niAntf; ( ) f f ^ r (iAev-/iv-8A),
ar?t#f 8 ( i ) Ewliya Celebi, Seyahatname (viii, ntAtcw nfsmcA f f n f n w nt%r-G fltn ntAfenn w m R f f s
1928). 612 ff.; (A) J. V. Hammer, Rumeli und nnfmmjA ffwntm, ttnm, nsffm-nss, (wtfnt fnentns nsfnm)
Bosna, Vienna 1812, 125-7 c m n f n S t f Sntn-cntncan -ant ntAmf n # t w f - a m n ; ( a ) n t ^ - mntA, f f t w ? sfew
ntAiem ^ ^ t e t mtcttw ?tnin S ' R s i f l t -af nefsi -ass snnsatn ntfcnn #nn n ^ R f f s f s m ntfnss f5tmnm -assft n t f ^ o
nfntnenw); (-a) A t w f t t f n n , f A ' n n f n - f f m n f t mtnnnRn fnnnt i 'wmf nnef f m n m n m m c n , t f n n n m w t m n i f s R j < >
(incunabulum 1141 A. H., f t f n ) , 8 A - ; ( 8 ) atfwwm fnntt mw n t f ^ ltsicAn i
(Lepanto--an cnf fni-ntan wtrtfnn w m a . the ar?tff i (i) 'wtfn^ t f w w , w f f m - f o'wtm; ( A ) wtnwm
bibliography in H., Kretschmayr, Geschichte wtensf, ntttm-f nmn-wifin; (-s) 'Ftfn, w R c n ; ( s ) 'wtfnm,
von Venedig, ill, Gotha 1934, 579 ff.; as well as w t f t , it., iAi; (<?) f f f , ^mft, i t . , in-a;fft..An, 8 A ;
C. Manfroni, Storia della Marina Italiana, iii, (to) wt-sniw, w t f t ,fft.,?t.;tot.,Aii, An-o; S)t., -ss, n i ; ( n )
Rome 1897, 437-51; (to) F. Hartlaub. Don Juan J. von Hammer Purgstall, Geschichte d. Osman.
d'Austria und die Schlacht bet Lepanto ( i } 8 o ) ; Dichtkunst, St.,ffoA;(br) Gibb, Ottoman Poetry,
( n ) C. Anderson, Naval wars in the Levant, St., -5-stot.; (S)) f f f n n t f f f e w , g. Fevziye
iffto-iirff-s, famtn iSiffA f., An wmtn i . n t ^ Rnenn S t n Abdullah n s f f Rfîw i
w s wtifn^ f t f ^ tt'Qm ntfew tten 8 (v) w . Miller. R. Mantran (E.I.2)/wtffm t t f n
The Latins in the Levant ate?, n ^ iSsobr f . , f t . ( f . ^fFf-'^rra^ (^.11) 8wtf f s r w n i A f n f m t w t A m n
tono t . ) ; (h) ^ cntns, Essays on The Latin Orient, f f n f n t Sinn"?!-? i n smtnm, ntoVî -^mf, i-stoi wtff:t
C^W iJsAi f., ?t. ( f .fftob-)I wtcne?tt-anft-sesm ncm w n R w w t n n w ntnss ^^rcn -ass fnmn
F. Babinger (E.I.2)/wif^ t t ^ tfnntes wntfAt w n i f A m f ^ n n f flenn i f f n w?t nnenf
'^5(1^ ( ^ _.>) 8 Atmn w t R s f , wtn-mfmn A T W fnn wmnn f n n t f l e n n i -w^^m wtsm wni?tcn -ant t e n
Atntn wtn-*wtnnwtf, f ^ f n ntAfcnn ttnnmcnn -answn f n ^ wtene?itew i n R t n w nncn f f n ntfntw, cw^ntenn -a
nstn I f f n iiiro/i"itoto men 'wmn w - - a wntsiAt nsenn -ant w e m n w w n i ctcnt^ t s j n f f n fftwc?n f ^ ajs.t nsesn
fnmf ffsemn
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WH-'Wt?lf 'boo
mt ftf R t w ? w?j R t i f f t f f e ?i?fff?TT t ? m - a ? f t t f t ? f f ^ t f f t - w w t #t wtfff w?ft?-ww?; t r w r ? t

(i)
f C ? f f W ? 1 C?P?I? t t f f e f wtr? ftsf w t t f t t R T I t ? ^ t f w r c t ? a f f t w f f ( t r ? a f f t W?tlCWf Recueil des
f ? t ? f ? w t t f w fwf? fttwttiw tttl*! f w ? I c t t t t w f w f t historiens des Croisades. Hist. Or., 11,
RtWt? W t - t t f t f W - W l f t c ? ? WttCt h-oi/iOfeV-iOfefe tc? 183-254-CW wtc?); (?) t W t f ? W f t C f ? Wftfftrf? Wf?it
f?WtttC?? f w ftf35 ? ? I fwft t5C?If?t? f t ^ ?? a ? l f??t? wtew Ctt t f t f f f e t f w ? ? f 9 ? i f f ^ t t t t c ? f r e t ? wtew I
ttctft ttw fC?t I V o o / j i 8 o o - it w fwft f t r t t f ? ffwtl?tfp5? f f f l t ? ftterwt ' w t t - t t f fftrfT-?f?if?Tf f ft?ft' w w f t t

wftttttcf? (tifwft-wtrttt) tw wftt tti? f t t f c 5 t f t f t t ?iftt-witff?ii" ( w f t - r t w f ? 'ffeiTft wtw?'-a? w w c t c f
r t I f w r t wft-tfftft 's|wf?rfT f t t t ( f r i ( ? / i 8 i A ) - a ? ftirt? f@w ^ t r e ? , f W f i?j9j9 ft., 8 t c Q ) ; (o) f t w f t - f i f f t
t f C e ? f? ftft f f W f f t W^f? "^tC ?ft3W ? ? I r r ?ff, WSf ft? f i ? % f - f t t f ffcrtret twt fttf? t t f ? - a ? f?e, w t r ( i o o v
fc?t f f f t f t r ? w f s f ? ft^ r t a?i frrftc?? f w ftcrt ttw ft., fr?e?tcw a ? i i o o S i - i o i o ft., f ? t t t ? t t e r f e t i i tea
fc?t I w f f e f w t r ? f f f w r r w t r c f ctt?tct?fftffi fw) I a t c f t c r w f c f w t t - w t t f ftcf? f f w ? f W t
f t w t ? wtt-fwitrriT, w f t - t t f t f w - w t t t ? wwr^, w t t - t t t t f t wttttic?? r r f t f t t wtttff?et? ?Mi? f t w w ? w t r a t a t
wtftff t f f t r ? f f c t ? iiriii T^sr? cwcai w t t t ? r f f r f ^ i f f j s t w ? ftffw I f t f t w f ? wr?e?? cwca f f ? ftw tffe
f f f t f f f ? f t t t f w i t - f f f t f f w f t t t r wtwt?ct? wtr f f f w t r ? f f w W t t ^ ff??tC^ I
W f t t t f c ? ? I ftft f t w t ? w t t - t t f t f t w t f r c f ? ttc? w t r ? rf? tr? wtTte?? ffettwet? tetj t W f f t f ? , t t w t
t t f e f t t ? f t tfwtiffw wtr? wt?%w tttfe t t r t ft f f t ffcatt, t r ? t ? f f J w t r t t f T ? ( s I J j ) wtr??, wtrtw f c f ^
w r r ? cttffewrw w f t t t f f f e t cfttt? i f ? ? f f t t c ? ? w t r ftiw ftfft? w?Tt?j wtjfet? f e ^ , c?ffe? r f ? i t wtfw ^re?;
afffct? rtfftstrt Wfftft? f f t a t t afw? rwtwrtw ?lf ?lt? f t f f e w i f c f f ftcttt a t r f ? ^tew ftsfo ffes^ftw
f f t t w ?? I f f f t w r r ? f t t f c t ? tRtw ? ^ f f t f f f e t ?b?t wt?-flff wt?t?fft5fwr?? I
( f w f ? T t f - a ? # ? f t , w t t - t f f t f t - w t f r c f ? f f? ? f f e f f I t f f f f f t 8 (i) Quatremere, Histoire des
fffet) fc?t I fwft b-?fe/i8?e-'i( t w rtfftct? f r ? f t f t ? f w IVIamlouks, i t . , A i S . f.; (?) Wustenfeld, Die
f ? f w ?? I a t f w f f f t a f t r w i ? ? t ? w f t f f e f?ct? i Geschichts Schrciber der Araber, 489; ( o )
b-8Vi88?-0 tc? f f f t afftfc? f?"Wtft?, ?5trfff?
Brockelmann, 11. 52, 53, S 11. 50-1; ( 8 ) wft-wt?f
ffffttfc?? f t f e f e ^ rtrftct? ftf? f t f ? f t ttc f w f f t t f ? rwtc?? t r w ? ffwf t ^ f t f f e f f s Goldziher,
? ? I w r r ? # ? f C t t f C t ? tcw t r f?t a f w t t t t t t f t f f i
Abhandlungen zur arabischen Philologie. 11,
w f f e f ffft fwrartttwf ftftttt? w t r t f f f l c t t i veo/i88Si-(?o
xxiv I
t w f f f t ?twt?tTc?? w ^ ?tcw ?tt3w T f a?i ^ ?t? f w ( 8
W. IVIarcais (E.1.2)/f. W . ? f t f f f
f t ft'^SFt-brfl-e/Abr ffct??, i S e i ) tf%f1t f C t ? I W t r C f W t r ?
f f f f f e Wtttttrt t t t r t i ? t t f t f T ??, c t t t t w f ? t f f t t w *wrRr^-''PI?r (J_JLI I O^^) S t?fef? wtttt? f w ?
t t f ^ - f t f f t ? W f ? a f w ? wtttft? w f t - f T t w t f t f c f t t f ? ?5r t t j f c t ttFfft f w c w ? f f e fwtfft attft? W t f f W a f t t c?ft
?ttift=i 1 f^ It r w t r w "^tew ff%w V o w t t f w wttff i
t t t f f fpfwTtct? t t f e ftrt C 2 f f ? trfwct? t w c ^ cwca f r ^ w f ? f ? wet? w f c t w w ? ?t?w i f p c t f ?

wtt-'wrtf? # ? f a f t t wwtw f S w f f f t t w r ??? f w i at tie?? WW ts?w attff wtftt fT -^ttie? ( W f w
f t ^ w t r t f # ft? fwtf? f f t t f f t f w t c w t w tfa:?wtw w?fs}?t of., Hd'a) I
fc?? a t i t w t s w w w f f f r ^ c t t t t t f ^ - t f w w f,ft% t f f t - f i f f ? t W f t i w a t f??tt ^ f t i t t t f t - W f r c f ? f r

t ^ Wit fcf? w t t r tttttt t f f w t t - r f f t f ?tcWT? a f t t w i f f ? t ' ( W W - W l ? t f , i t . , Hdo; W f w , ? t . ,
f t t ' ^ l t - t t w t t t ? ?iwt? W i t 'wrtftwf? t i f c f w r c t t i o\v) 1 c t t f t w W l ? r w r - ? n w w?fr?-a? fttt w f ? i e f ffet?

f w t w ?jfwcf t r t r f f f t f?wftct? f t WW fc?? a?i wtr? ftfeiflet? ?ftiw f f f e wte? ( w w - w i w f , it., v?si; W f w ,
f t t ? f t a ?? I c t c r w ?jft? f ^ ?ffe w f ? t - f f f f t ? wfcti? ?f., ?vo; w i t - r t w f , w i t - f w t i t , % i o o ) I t r tstw
f f F c ^ f f f t cwircw f f ^ C f f fc?t I wiw? f t w t ? ('cww?) a f f t WtffW f i t , c?t? t r
ft?ftifi
w t t - ' w t t f ? <Mi<if w e t f I a t s f t ? w f f e t i f *wt?f w t r ? 'witrf Witet f i t (ftwrtt??, % v; fttw, % ?ois; W f w ,

?ffe ^ct^s t f f t i w f f f f Wirt's t f f e ?ttic? I w f t c r ffwr it., A8i, i S i ) I
t t w f tffcftt
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f # R (?HTffw miff tfan-?ji#iT (m) i A fASfftcw nmr genrn nem ntfnns is ntfmn, -aoo f n nn, soo f n mR -a
*wmf5-\sm w f a R t w n wnn fm -aft ^ n l w fffnPtt 8<t,ooo fgnmn wf?? fln (ffn fptmnfnA, f. io; fmm,. f.
mnR? cstR % T (wTw-w-imf, in., A O ^ S ; wM-mmf-f, % An) I fmn ffne^ Sffnicf nm ^ ^ (wm-ntntff, %
ASto) 1 mfnn (m) tAs n w fmmfitw tnmnifl%:^ nntfirs f n m A8V) 1
tAnft nnn w n (wiw-wtntf, in., AO^S; wm-ntntf-ft, f. i i o ; to'^/iAt mmf ^sfcw fntc^ fwnnnffn wrsfw-wtfn n t e f
m f w , on., iff&; C a e t a n i . A n n a l i , At., Atoi, s>8o, fn nm wmf m-sm mn -ant fmn nrtmen wmr mmm mn^ -aft
s>!5.i) I f f n fmn ( W cmn csniîfs^ f n m f c ^ n f f n m m^^nf attens nRs R m ^ fft Aa i mmm mtnmf ern^nn
ifwmcn nRnw n^csn i fmmf nfntn wtnnnmf sinn n f -af tAnft w f n w -a f ^ w (wtnmf, w t f f n fmns mnm
#wmnfln omw-wTntft, in., Ao^to) i -af n w n f n wcnc^nf fARnmmn, if., -aen) i ion/itot mmfn R^tmrtf^ nncn
f 3 i -3 cfignn n n n f w n fnnrcnn rnnRm, awnfn^ -a cmn cmn cn^^ fAte^ wtsn^ ffnten mnAtn nsffs (wtnmf, f.
wR-fn^tcns c ^ nmff AfsifAcnn ( f m w n mcnn wm g. at., en., iVA) I
WfW-W-tmff, in., AotoS, A i A i , 08HA; At., b-oi; wi-mntfff, Gertrude Bell wtnfw-wtnn f f f H n w n -ant fmens
% i8, i8A, A8i, A o , O f f i , , O t o l ; fnlfW, St., V o l ; W - t f , -ansft ffnA mfn cnflw atmstcf n'Rt w n i f f n fmn n w j ^
8n., -sAffto) I mfn, mmmm -a ^,^0,000 c n ^ nte^ mm Scan nsfnntcAn
^fwAtfnns f f f w m ^tc wtm mn, fnfnn fnwenn m^tcn (Amurath to Amarath. nwn iJA8 f., i-as.) 1
' W f 5 - m n n - - a f f n wnntmr -iift f?twt fln cmw-wtmlf, nwmen 'wtnfw-wmn -aft cwnin (mffm) c^ 1 fm mnft
in., AotoS; w r - n t m f f , f. ASÎ; mfw, sm, v o i ) -antfff -amw ffo^ wtnf mnmn, nnnn mfnn, wr^-'wran -s w r s
ns.m^ nt|f mamn -a mmcnn m^ Smnmnn-a fnmmn fln wrf A^mnf 1 ?rf wnntmt Aiis -antmfn e n f ^ wnntmr
( W f - m f f , At., id-i) I ffg nsnw fnns ntm^ cnt=^ -aiv-a (fntc^ is>8n ffenn wmn^smf) 1
WTf-Rn, ntfnn -a w t n cmcan w n fln >ant?lft f f n f f fln i st?f# 8 nmw sfn^ ne Sftffo I
SalehA. El-Ali (E.1.2)/wtnfn ntcnw
fnntf wcn-a 'Wfw-wtncsn n ^ fln i w n -antn sfcw
w n -a fntcw cnfWnfnncns fmn S,na g m nnnntA W '^srtir^f-^ ( ^ j j I cax) 8 (mnn), fAtmn mn, Smfn
W f t R fAt fntcssn Snn cmwt fnfn nn^ffnn ncm cmntcmn "wmff-fn, wtff-'wt-an Stnm (fnm), m w m mnwn- Sfn
n ^ nsR I laf ostcftfn^ wnsttcnn wm-a Smn -sn^^ m fj} f|n i f f n mnn mntfn-fn f A t w f m f nrnrnf wfinf fnn m f f n
-af tAsft ff%mn3fn n n ^ ^ c w fntns, fncnnw f m m f fnrntn wt-amn mntff, ntmSf ^toos-totoo R ) f f n w n
nmfn^ nn-s fnmn f n w (g. wtw-wmtf, i f . , Aoto^, AonA, m m f f n fAmfwiA^' wmmmf ntmff (etoo-toio R ) fnn
A i A i ; At.,feSto,i'AffA; Wi-nmt#, f. toA; mfw, sm, ivsn; fmn m f p - f n f n m ^ fwmfff "-s^Hisf wmmmf (eio-en-a
fnn tptmnfA, -=1. ^.n; fnn Ai^-m, i f . , -8; A . tviusii, R ) , fnR wtf w f n n niAnm fA'tmn ntmf nttnn, mnn fnnt^
IVIiddle E u p h r a t e s , f. 8 i , A^ff--aii) i f f n m f n fnfnn-^mnn wm-mnmf (n)-n (wtRn-f
'Wfw-wTncnn nn:fn ^m fncnsm fnrn f W nw^nn wt-aRm, wmffmfn-nnfnf -a mwtm-f imnfnnrt) 1 nnmn-a
fmenn tAcan wmwn <2ientntn n w wm cnmen -ansft ntnfnm nnmn's ne mnn ntnrfn fnwmA flenn fnt ntnrf -ant
mfff cntwtcnn mf^tewn (g. wtw-w-mtf, i f . , -888; An., A i , f n m ^ f f n m f n flenn mm 1 f f f ?nt w n ntmf f n m ^
nn-o, i-offA is.8e, is.8to; mm-ntniff, wtfntn, en., A^ff) i ntfncn f 'wrf-' (wmtn nrm) mm w:?\>m fnnrcAn
nfw m:^ fAtn f n f ^ wmtenn wm c w cmn mfnf ntmn ( w r m ^ - f n t m f , wtmmfn-nmwtf wrfn-f m f n
fnewenn Rttf ntfsf n t f f ^ fnntn cm ffmen nrnmenn w m wm-ntnmf) 1 mwtm-f nrntn-f ^prafnnjt, 'wtf 'wtfnn mA (in)
-af fAsfte^ ntflm nn (wtw-w-mtf, An., itro, nn-s; wm (fetoe-fevb- R)--an nnntnff^ w n 'wtn^ptA (^toe-^vv R.)
m f f . An., AAV, -obrn, wm-ntntff, wtfntn, <tt., sa, mfw, nttfnw, mm w n mfnn ^mnf (^ton R ) <3 nrn^-Sfn
-am, nff!) I , ('loto-nH.e R ) , f n m ' ^ f f n m f n fnn ^mnn mnmfn fen
-an/Sin twrfn nntfimcn 'wrnfw-wpp ntf wtntnfn nnrnn S R f ^ Af^tcA I wtAtc nf^ AfnrcA, ^pinn mnmfn nm
nsR (wtw-wtntf, -an., AAff) 18f/ion mmfew 'Wfw-wtnn flennwr^wn? ^tfnn, ntfn, wiffn-s fnm'^; w enfesf
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RAfntnn-wmm Sfwtcnn -aft mnfw i -ft nnen S ^ S-^t^ nttnaenn - i ) W R flenn m t f mRn -tf ^mnf, fnR mni^-
f n m f ffjiemn
f.R.Vnto
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"Sfn-ias afffoTsiA t m s T f ^ fsp5Tfln--an srrsn fwm mt. -antftn m-antwf ntA'fn m-ant ft. vv-b ntenn f e n R n t t
nssitatflenn i -
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t m n t m t f f n - f s f f f flenn ' w m t f n n t n f n fcnn 'wtnnenn ' w m S f n A'tmn m?. ntAmf (nsv/i-ssn), fA-tmn ttA m s m f
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nin-n5mA.fnmw (ttwt) i m n ^ - ' S f n no>js/ i o n ntcnnnifnft ntAntf (nvo/i-snir) fmess W W M n w nsfnewn i f m tnmns
(fnsfnft)-ew wnjstAn nnrnn -ant w m n t ntfnw-mfnw An i ntnn f n n f t f t n t f , ntssnns ( f s f ^ - n - m n t - f n ) , n-tnsm-mfrfp
( i W t ttAs) t m i f n t ' w m S f n m n f n ntw^nnen t m n n t n t s m f ntnttA n t n f f n f'f-a f m s nnmnts^ f l w i
ntfnm nt%t cntwrenn snstens nnnen f n ^ t i n i m n ^ - ' S ^ n n t t n n s f m s n w - n f w flenn wenss i cwrij f s w t
mnn >imtw nAm^mntAe t m n fns-ntffn wtmnntfm t n f s fAtmn stsntf s t e w enntstttfs fspSf flenn (ntntfn-t m w )
n-mns -^-^ (^srmft njtwn)tmn t n m ' ^ nnntfft ( m w ) -ant tfSts fat w t ' w t m S f n , w t f n n m i f n w i f t f s w f t R
tmnfnnmifnwrtfft^mgft (wmrent)-'anfn^wmtw? flenn (ttwtm) i w t e n n nem fntn m^mr^' -a fmm f nw-<an
^^jtftmR fnmm tnn f f w f nsesn i R f n w t f (cmnfn w f t n ? Atffw ntfnnnw -stenn w f f m f ftnten f n ^ flenn i f m s
iiimm)-ew wtwfm fmm ^wn i -awntcSn wfmtt, nm w n t n e-fatenn nem Segtemm ^ênn ' w t n f f n ttmfn-'Sfn m f ( f .
m t ^ wntSf (ni8 ft.), m m - t mmwt m f n s t f t f m n ir-se R ) t f n w t fA'tmn -a w t f n - w r m -ifHisf f t w t f f ( f .
fmsm w<5 fliîn I R R wmeSn 'wfnntt ^ e w ftwiiw iotov R ) f f n ntfnfn 'Smm m-sntm AtffsiiA f t w t f f (f. i o s i
mnw f w n mwntft mâmwrnm (mtw, mRttwr) tnn w n i %)-m t f n n I S3f f m n mmem mt w t tnntw snm'ftfs
entmen Answ f n w t f f n w1nm (n)-n n A t t f t " mft Sstsn n r f w w m nnms-a stsn f f f m t i
(lnswt-w-Qfnm) m-amm t m f f n mfnn-fftn m s n (iinn)->i ^ 8 tmt R m S f n t - m m f t m t t s n t f n m t t t f ( f .
t f R An I ^ t f f m s m - f m w f n - t n f s 'fsm' (m-antmntn) ne-a R ) ; -nwmfw m-antwt ntfnm fA'tmn f f rnnrn (n) ( f .
ntn^ ?tm t f n ffss-A S f - n ff^p'-s, ntfnm ' w m S f n f-antft vAe R ) -a trsntwt ^mnn f n t f mmwtnm--a wn?tnnnen f m s
( f . n8 R ) - n R s s 5 m-amwtnN-'a f n m w ' 'wtttns' mmnn fnf5 wsmn w n (m-anT^-w-afnm', ftwtfn) i
nsenn; f m s t n f s nm'ww An mt -SIAIS fnfB ^ e w fStm^nw mw m f n t t t 8 w t wT<p-^tfnn 'WnffttA t m m f ( f . îsi-a
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fAm-antnff (s) [to-sA R l t s t f w m mm w t mns^fn ttsntft (montin-w-afnm) i -
(n) ( f .toenR.) t n s mtm el]f|nteA i -aw^jfw f f n -s^ntstnsji, ' t m ^ - ' S f n - - i m nrff s f n e n n n e f ^ n ^ Ate-oeA
mnm m-amm R"-amffn ntA'fn tnAntft ( f . n i o R ) - n ,t%m w m ^ wfnfwaRn tmenn ntet f f j I
flenn i ttn^n-'Sfn f n fsf^tens tf%snenn tn nnv/i-sn-b nten m m t n f 8 f w R i-sA t t m s t e ^ n s f f m i wniem ttfwm,
wftn nw m t w t n t f n f t f n fA'tmn ( f . n v i ft.) -ani n ? wft wtw-antn^-winsm, f f m f n - w t n n m -a fnA't^tw-t wtntns-tw-t
mn'^ni ( f . îsii R.)-nA mttm' (tn-oisin f f ) , cwm ^nm'ft, m f n f ntnns j T t f f n t i n , mm f t w t f s i?enn n n n tmfg^tm
sfnrn m ntm ntAnft mewm c^fn tAS ' W f n n -a f f nets mn I w t f f t - t f f t f n w t ( i o i e R . ) -a 'wrsfn-wtnms t m
essg t i n I wftts entten t m t f f mnntnw fnsntft ( f . ^ v o m t n ^ f f - s 'ntmwfn-t ntAmfnm m w (i-sAv R.)-<an fat
R ) - n ntnm t i n i f f n cntfen ^fatt n w f^^twten fnemfww f m s f f A t ^ ' f o t fT I ntfmmfft-n atfttrnft ntn-t f n m ftnen
mmt (ttwtm) i nsnw f m s t mnifmes f t m * 'wisnmtn' men
f f t t AS (iSioV f . ) I
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w e n n mt w t m ni>e/j>-ss>-a nten t R w i w n i f m s nntfn
Rnsfl^ S f f f f s wteA i est^tns nem wi^pfs, mfA, w t w f n ,
nnw^-t mn-smmn ntn?} "men w n f ^ i f m n nmfsn t ? f t w r m , mnss, ntAi's, f t - t ^ , w n m n , R - n s , ftns m*R, " ^ ^ - t
t n m f ffêsnn
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f f f , w i f i t t s j t f f <f??iic? I f f f f t ? "Iftw-t w t f t f - t w - t tf? 'W?ffR-ttf?ff f ^ fffflrw f w t j f c t ? R T f tffw tb%

tlff-ft? tlWlîy flflftW t i t I' fftwc?? I W t j w i f t f afct? WTCW ftft aww? f t t f t W t f
Cff? *tPlll fCtOSf S t l f f t f ^ tfSw WTTO Cftt C f R t i f f f f c t ? W t t WW t r ^ s f t ?twf?t, W T cwwt f t w ^
fttrttt f i t , f f f w t t e t a t s f t ? Cftt R W t t t ^ t t t t t I win? Aphrodito ttff?tR f t f t t f ? "^tc sftfffw ?? i f f t t f
f t W f t W 3f W t ? t f - I W - f Riftfff (h(tb f t . ) - t t l ? ^ ??, t ? N *lRftCtCt? R t f t f ? Ct^ t J t f t ? wtWf aftact? fftftw
W f f t - t f t t i t Rtft (l(?Tr ft.)-? f t t ' j S f I WtWCW WtwftCWJ? ^ t i ? f W t \ ct at ctb t j t f t - f t ? tt?jw ^ t t t t l t WIT wiw
ftfww a w f t ? ttw?#? ftrattfw t f w ?ft?ic? (Riwr?-t W? w t I a t ftC?t i ? 1 f t s r f t ? t f ? / 1 8 8 '^[fCR? ?CWC?
ttfR) I w??t? t f ? f?'iwct? tttrr f T f t t H t f ? ftttet? wttf? f t ?
W?wR-'fft-a? t t f t f l R ?? R t R I f f f ffwtw f c ? I ffffw t t e t ? t t c t t a t f t t t t . f l t ' w t t t f
^ t f t W - a f f ? i t W ? W T t t f (\roo-Vi.<t ft.)-^ w ? f t f t t t f t f ? tlWtttC? tt I W 5 W f ? f f ? f W t J l RTStt^ f f W w t f t ?
ftfffw wc? a?i RttTftt-t WfR'-a t T f ^ CfW t f t t t ff??t Wft, 'wt?f ttftcwj f R s f w lat f t t f t ? t f f t
?tflc? I ttw ffwi?-a? at wiRtt t ? ? v f f t t c ? Ricttwt twf Witf tic? I .
^wc? I f t ? M t 3 a f t t RltJt t f f t w f f t - ? t t f t f i t WW f t t fffft s ( i ) R. Dussaud. Topographic
^ff?fc?i historique de la Syrie, f J t t f t iS.?<H ffcft fttW
f ? t W t Rftf^tfw fttt (W.W.t.VCtfttCt? W T f t 800-oA; (?) J. Sauvaget, Les mines Omeyyades de
'Andjar, in BuU. du Musee de B e j T o u t h , o t . , ifeofe,
'wji^t^-'e^lWf ( I j j j h I T oir^) s W f c w ? tcw at f t t t t
e - i i ; ( o ) ^ c t t f , in 'Syria,' ?8f., ife88-8e, i o ? ; (8)
WR "Wtt (S) Wfwg I ?8 T^ttWt-fW, bdfb Wtftff?, bi&<t
M. Chehab, in Actes du xxiv congres int. des
RtCt R i t t t w f c i ? ?t?ct at f t t t t s t f f f l i WW f c ? I a t f C f i
Orientalistes, t f f t f f ifeet (a) G. Le Strange,
f f f t t w f f t ? f ' W C t ? T W l f C ? I B . ( i ) Weil, Chalifen,
Palestine under the Moslems, t w ? ib-feo ^. S'bo;
i i t . , o ^ i o t . ; (?) Muller, Der Islam im Morgen und (b) tt? f f W W t f f ? , %, ?ife; (H) Wf, ? t . , <tX Or) L.
Adendland, i i t . , o<\8; ( o ) WW-wtwft, t t f ^ , ftcftw i t . , Caetani, Chronographia Islamica, i4ii<H; (fe)
?es ? i t . , (I-(I-8 t . I
W f f , ?t., 800; ( i o ) w t t t f , At., ib-S'b-ss; o f . , 8b-; ( i i )
f W W t t f t t t (E.I.2)/WffW t t f ? t t f t - w t f t , ftw, ? t . , R W t . Dahan, % ?'i>o; ( i ? )
'*(|i|î-^T?RT ( ^ 1 o^c) ftf-r (^LS_.) ( B . ) f t w j f f ? t ? f T - f i R l t f f , tWl. Amedroz, % ib-8, oi8; ( i o ) M.
a f t t stiff? t ^ f f f t ? I t r f i t f w t j t ?sct? w t t w t w t i R , Canard, H'amdanides, WtfttWR ifeffi f, t(. ?oo ^^
t r ? w t f t w t ( t f f t t f r o t 'wtwt?) D f ftfft? w t f W ? 8 o i
Gerrha ^ In Gero-a? W f t i t i Wft^Ctttt? t f c w ? t f t c t c t J. Sourdel-Thomine (E.I.2)/a.'at^. ^{ii^
WtffW ftfwfft t f ? t t t ? f , t t % ^ , t??iw ^^cw w t f R f t # C? ^sftafffP ( a ^ i ) s ( f f f f ? t w w R f . ^ 1 ) , f f w t
W f f t f R f f ^ftfW ff?fc? at ft?ft WfT ^ c w ctff fC? t? I t ? f f t W ^ - W t f ? Wl??1f (WlWRt) w t t - f w w w t f , t f f t
t r f f t f ? W?w f t ? t f f ? - t f w f t f a f t t f t f f 5f f i t W T W f j f t l C f ? f f W t Wt-ttfttfR-f'W^-tt f l W f f t ' ^ - ?
W t f f W t t t f?wit f ? l T t I a f t t tfRc?? ?Rftcttcf a f t t w t f f (WR) f l c t t 1 atww f f f t Wt-f'wi^-if w e t wtwf?
cwt f c f t f t t w f?i T T I t r ?tct ^^CtC? R t ? t r t ? w ft't? ?tet I f f f t efe<H/i?oo ^te >i(i<t/iAib- R ? t w W t f f C f ?
WWtiR (Hisn Madjdal) f t i t t WftftfC? i t T ? f f t ? WWWR twf? flctt a t i f w ? t f w wtt-wftft-'wtffet? f f t ? t?
'Wtwf? w c t ? RttCtWt RWJCtltJ t f f t w c t f f w w ? I ftsic-*tCA wtfff WeWT? f t w t ? ?? ('!}i<?-'b?8/i?ib--i??<H) I
at w t ctWtC?? w f t r t f f t (Chalcis) W t f ffCt? Rttw 'boV/iAii-iAi? RC? W f t t f ?-t'aW?-a? W t f t t W t f ft?
w t f g I f w f i t Coelesyria ^ c w Ituria t f w f t f w a ? i t t f f f f a w w w t t f t f ^ f Rtw f c ? ? ' ati f t i ? w ?
WCWJ? w w t t f I t ? f * t f t c t f T C?ltf WatCSiJ? WWfW (Majordomo, f f R fT?ft?f) f f f W ? ? 1 t f ?
W? I WUffCf w p t WtffW 2|.V4||^f '?Rt?CtCt? t c t j a f Wft-Wtff R-WfR? R t f t f ? ffsf? f C t WtffCf? tfiTtC? t c t t
ffwt W f f i^ftw wic?wc?fft fftt? a?i twttc? ct t t t f t w tt W t t f f tlfffCf? tltft-WtwfWW (regent) t t Rt fC??
^ f t c w : ? w t T ? f c t W ? w e t f f f f wtwct? fic? t t l tffc? i J. a?iweij? t f t w w J t f w f fittwftf f f t f t f ? f w ? ^ f
Sauvaget t W e f fee-WîS-Hie W c t t f f t w i t - ' s W f t T l 1 f f ^ f ? t ? tf^ct? f f ? j w t t - w f f f t - w f f f t r t f f f
ttwf f f f C f t t
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WRRW,fmoR" too8
w f n w w n I wnn w m m w Hit<in-nMHi m ste nnm S5)'-s 'nt^' ( ^ cnm,nnm) - a t t w s n n n n e n t f ^ (s.

nmt sn, fffAt^menn wmfn nmff w m wRmen mRm nm i n n n A m t wimnmw), fns? enw mSw (Red House) Sms w <
tooto/iA-sv-iAOJ> nen-s fwfn 'wtfn ntnmn <m fs'wt' SmRew fnfSmte^, m f n mtm i[ft m m f i mnes e w - s c w - a
wfnw flenn I tnntf w n mmn atfw fnmnmwwmne=HA wtemt tnnf f f n t w f m n m t i n - t W i s ntenn nft wrsrnns
w t sn -ant wtms ntwNw^ > n w t nt.'Rfet cmt rnn i Sttfn-mnft nrmsw s t m tte^ m f w w t t n n n s f f m rnn
toSto/iAsv-iASi* nen nnnentew wtms -f^ A S I wrms fwenA wtnntt, f n w t m ntfn'nrt-n cnmtfw n t s f f n wtnnrss s t f t ( f .
mfnmns wtnnn n^m sn -ant entmen wimn w m fnlnff nntfnew n t w t f i n t ntems, i t . , in-b, ttnn i ) i ssR f s m t t f n n f m n
wtme^ mnn nmt sn I nfsw -amt s n e t w t n s t w W w t m ' w t w t wtwntss ( j i .i
wrame^ wfswf!?-antw fnff cgfs wStftsstnÂ f ^ ^ 1 j j i i c ^ u ^ ) fê-siesi f f ntetr^w mm wtnntss nfnrn mfs
nfb"es I enn t f s s n nsn w i fwfn mfnte^ fwnft f w n A'tntft w n ( f f t m w t n n n f , fss-Wwtt >FttRm; f . A t f , n t n t m t
f^^rwwn -ansft cwnmtenen etfwf ssesn i Snwrsms ftnten t t f n n , f n m w t m n 'ammmn') i m n n n n r n t w -s fnwsemtr
nsftthinfCAs w^msR w t wrms fnetn mfnefs w s f s s fln i tfwmn w t s t ^ t w t m f n f ( f t . f m m w t , f . i-sv; n t m f f ,
fwfn n t n ntnttens t w n n flenn w t n tm wtnn mtlnentfnm i t . , 8 8 A ) tefs nfnt wfntes f m s ssfnf w f f n wtm f l n
^tew m f n t ^ t i f ntf=rtwjns msnsnfcsn cnt n w w t t wtmn nfnm cmess f m e ^ 'wrsmnst t t f ' ( ^ i) wftt Innsnm
- a m w n m fnm wfwam f s n t c A f m s Sgnenn cistt nnrnn i wtnntns' nfnw i
ns^wfns wtn-wtnmss f f I t fwfnt f n ^ t ssesn i tmss mnss ^ wtnnte^ w m m f n t w=i?tn w s t w I ntmsnent R R f w m
ttfns nw fTiffnf (ntwt, wnrtm n^rnn fsnm) n t w nnmn -ant stew f m f e n w t f w A n -ant w t t w '^Fttn^fn
ntm mnss ^ ^fimt sw nmtttm (tm) fmiftt w n i ? f t c w ' w r s f n - ' w t f n f f n fnm& 9m wrsfsmw m w - w n
.at wtafA wtmn w f n ^ e n s nem, fsetn f s m f m s ntnens (wtmsstwt m R f f . 8vn; % w f ^ t w t - w t n s t t - A t f f , f .
'wtntffn ^-mn-renn nem-s fnmtfin i f f n f m n w f e n est irNSA) i n t / ^ t w t f nenn etn tten n t n f f n t m f e w f n w
nnsn wttfmm fmiftt f n s t f l e n n wnjem R^Rffs'sfn fnetnwien f t f p f n f f n fnmS w t t n n w n , w t n f f n f n ^ flemn i sttn
Segtemm s fnest f n w f m s cmtrm nien f m s StR nnn An -ant fmess
mn'tten -aft nmtttm ( ^ i i / i A i s - i A i e ) ; nmmenn f c f fnfwf nss>if cmtmt t e n f n f a s nmnn i f f e n n -s fnmtenn
-amt f n w (-bin/iAAo-i); mnttenn nnfwen fnAW., nsnMH -s mn-ts>-st f m r n n ttAr-an nem ntnftw f e ^ f f n fnwtenn
fmn (to'ao/iAA--o); <p-m'wtf-wissl--a -assfS enmmftfn w m snn-mnft nnsntAmf nenn ( . - - i ^ ) emm
(to-o8/iA-!s-n); f s ' w -aft nmtttm (-ss-o-b/iA-ov); t m e w f l e n n i S ^ f e ^ - a w t s p n t f t f f m s f g nness fnfsm c w i
i m n f ('b-o'jj-'b-on/ i A - s v - i A 8 o ) ; 'wtnn--a - a f t nnfwn -ant w t A i e 4 n f f n m n t m ms; f f f f c ^ f f fmmens w n
(-i)-obr-/iA8o-i) I n t w nnfwn nmtttm wnmt -i)-so/iA-A--o mesn 'Fen R f n f R m w ênn i t s p n t f l f fstesp est f t s S t n
ntenn wtsnfl nnen f n f ^ "stm t t f w 1 Sef4 fnfts ws?t f s n f f n m ntf%tfln, f f ^ t n f s t e ^ ent SeSn S t n n f wn?tn
f c f f 4 ^-anm Smenn fmifttWf nRwten fn4n w t nsn ncA i n f n t s n f e t wmt s t e n tap tfnft c f A cnf?n ?en
t m t f f n t m f m s ntnfsp wtnntss -^t f o c n n ntenn f : & t f n m n f m s ssei f W ms t s f t m cnn I
^fcnw ftsm njtttes-3 m-sm nm i wtne f t f mwtens f s n ^ f n w f ' t f j f n f f s f n f n '^sr
ar?t# 8 (i) tsn ttf%w, f ^ . wm-f'wtwwm t m ; f e ^ n*Rt fne ftm f ^ m - m m f m ajefs cntss nenn, f n w
(A) Van Berchem, ZDPV-CW, i-bt., V 8 t . ; (-o) E. f f S ^ f e ^ wnnrs f n n m cmtn c f t n nmm -awtai f w f f n
Littmenn, Semitic Inscriptions, f. A o 8 t . ; ( 8 ) wississcs>t -sntfwsm nsfnntflcnn i R f n fmess mft mm n w
Dussaud -s Macler, Missions dans les regions m f mmtm few mssi-o cntwtfne^ fnm Smenn S t n wtapnt
desertiques de la Syrie Moyenne, -OAto t . , -o-o-b 1 . 1 nsnitsm fnent fnntflenn i -atstt fnent stmenn S e ^ f l n
E. Littmann (E.I.2. ^n. mt.) / f. WtSfn n t ^ m f s f n n ^ ffStn few stf^tsff^ s t s m nsen f c ^ nnmen tap
n t f s f n A t f cnffst cntwt^R cnn wn m m m wrsitn--an f ^ f n
? wtnrnns ntent nnfnss tfnfsw I wtnewn sttn f n f n n
\iLijI) s-S'-st-f few ^ f m w R s w ^ t s m f m s cnmmfsf w^ stm
fmrnn I fwR fnftew mwmf ?ttn ssesn-ast-at cnet f n f n n rnn mtnrn t n t w ? nenn f n f c s wnf?w wntenn t m n w f w f f n
ntetn m n n f f ^ snrnn i.wtnsr^ -assft f f mt i Sm ' W w s t e ^ S t s w f ^ - s n 1 S ^ wnscnn sttn m w m f f l n fssm--a
tnmf fmsemn
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bod
( f ; ^ t l t f fihl îletj) I w t t wftf t t t , c t t t i f t 'jflffsfftrT f , f ? t f t ? c ? I f f t ^ f t ^ f f t t t t tfttewfi ttet?, c t t t - f e ? f

c t t t l f t t ftft W t t t c f t wftftct "sftti WCf a t i ftift WfTt t t t t f f l t l t t ? . ( f t t t t f f t f t f , % AA; wt?f?qw, i t . , 880;
f f f o fcfcfst t f w t f t 'jftTSf tf t f t fffwtt c f W t ftttwftw ttwf??t t t c r o , At., i>!sfe; f A i f t f - f t f t f e r f , r t t t t w ,
fctt I f w tttftfft t t Wfftt ftftwticf Wftt tit tf I wct ftitt AAff) a?i f w ftfwttfc?? t i r o f t t f ? f f t ftwfc?? t??tc?
f x3\g^nft t t t f t ttftfCt f"sftf f t t ttftf rot f t t f f w T I , f f f t f f ^ cffflcw t t t f w I c t r r ^ f , t r t f ? ftwte?? f f c f t
ffb-Viifei f C t ? t C t j t f f w f t f t t t t t C f t ?ItWtt%W f f t t w c^rrw? ?r tcf fWff? w t r f ^ f t t r o t cttfct?
t t i t ? i (5. ttftrt w?ttf, wrow-tftf%T, v%<fft<f ttfft ^ f r o t w f ? ftft ^tew f w . t l c t ? r i a t w t r f f r e t t f f f t
Wfftff c ? t t f a (tracing paper), f i f f t t f t l t f ? ftttf ffew? ffefiffwf f t t t f f t r o f c w f a f r a f t f f f r o f r e f
m, id ^ tr?; Fergusson, f f "^S- t t t f f t ft^-t W f t t , f t w r c t ? t??tc? f f f f w -^tcw t t t f i t (wtft- t t w t f l ? ,
Ao, f t f f ; f t f t i T c t ? tro) I f ? f t f ^ f f t t I t C ? f w f i f t t f c t r f f , % 80; f t t ? - t f f f f f e , % A<2-; f f ^ w - t t t t f ? ,
W t t f C f ? c t t t f t c f t f t f ^ WtTt?W ffSfffftttCtt f f t ? t fft?tt?, "[.trb f . ; W f f t t CSpC?fwt, t w t . Brigges,
t f t r t f f t f c ? ft^stf r t , f r e t ? f t t ^9 wfftt ft<f f r f t ^ iofe) I f t w t t C f t C f A f W f T O f ? ftft f t ? f f w r f w t f t t f ?
? t r f f f r c ? I wt?cwt f t f f t f t w f t c t ? f t t t f t t t w f f w w t r t T s ?tef? I ftft cfttttt??, fiPisji'si ? t f c r o - a ? fftrtw
t f f f t t f f r t f t ?tcc? 'wt^-ttwf??' I f r e w f f c f t w f f f f ? w f t f t ? fc?? I f t % t ft8?tct? w t t r f wt3ttfe?ffft^
<fwf<ftt w t t f c f t f T t t f t c t t t f f r t t f t f t t f f f r c ? cfta, f f c f t w cttf? cttea? c t t c f r t f f f t f t f e 1 w i r c t ? f ? f
[ f t i f i r w , r t t r o t t (ttft^ttwr) ij*?* ^ ; t t t f i t t i r ^ - f t , ?stt f t t - s at?if ?Ttff ^^r f ^ c?, wtret?ef t t ? ? # r o
r t t - t r t f t f t j i , w s f t t w ihds %, % is; f . f f c r . ffsnff f e w i " ^ i f f f j w t t c f w t r c t ? ft?^ w t f r o f t f r t t t ftfew
f t t f f t r t f t ] 1fffeo/iifeo"tet t t t f t w t t fit f c f t w rcstj? 75tw I at t f t w f f r c ? ffft? f t t t f f w t t t f f f S t t r f f r o c f
ftfc^ f^fftat fc?R, w f t f " W f t t t W t t t f t f f t ^ c w t f t f f f i T t r f t f e w W f t t r titc^'i 1 t f e f t r o t t ? f f r e t ?
r t t f t tttfct a f f f r t c t t t r t t f t t t r w t r ? t t r t j t c f w f t t r fffS-wrft? f?"twf t f ? ' w f tfcTO f f T c ? ? f f t t f f f|ct?
ro ( W f f t t t f f t f f w t , t w t . Briggs, iit., io(}--a? tftlfttC? (!joi/iAo<?; W T t t f TW, sj. 8o<i, 88fe) a t l f w t f cfiatfc??
f w ttftft? t t t t t i t j f f i t fstaff rort?) I wtwt-ttwf?? f C f ? f f g ? tt? f T f r o t t t i r f w ^ t r f f f r f i t , a t t f t t t t f ?
t c s f t ? f ? t t j f i f f w t f c t t f ? i f T f r w j wct? cft?? f f t t t f e were?? c r f t e r t f f 3 ? j t r ^ r t t f v i i f l f , w t ? w t t
f W f f ? w ? r o - a ? t t w c f Cftwt f t t r f i t ( f . f f t ? - f r f w ? , t f t w ^ f t w f f wjtt fftft wtre'T?ef t t ? f f t r o f c ^ c f
8o; w T T f l w t f t f t f , it., 8Vi!>; f w ^ t t t t t f ? , b-fe) I f t w i t c f f T T O a f T O ft^fe? w t t ? ffte T I I f ^ wfwre?^
f ? ? f ?it? W t r o wsiftc?? f t t r w j r i f t ? (rrot) w t w Wftttf f r o c??t?iftf t t r f t w t e t ? t t r c t j -jsff f f f f f t t
tfw ?fcwj? w w f w f c t ? I w ? c r t ? t f t ( f f % t r w f r t t ) - ? f i t ? f c t ? 1 f w wfttte? f f i cttt? c r a c f t ^ f t i c f f f f w
r w t ? f f ? ^ f c ^ a f r o f r f w w ^ r ? f^ t ? ? f ?it? f f f t f T f f f t f r o f ? f t w t t f r c f t t f t f f ' ( r t f t ? ) fftft f r o
f r o f c t e f t f c f t t t r t f c t ? I ftft f r o r w i c f w ? ? ? f f ? r f ? w Wftcw f r c f f t f l w f f f t f f f ^ f c ? ? ( f r t ? t f r t f ? ? , f
f r o r w r f t n t f r t ? (fffe/iife<^) i f f t f f w ?itf8fttcw c^b-; f . f ^ w - t f t f ^ , b-fe) I t f f r e t w t r ro, f w ftftw?
f t w r f f f f t ? >^ffrtff t r o w w t t i s t f t f f f e T I i w ? f j ?ite?t ( f f f t t , ôA/tt5 iAo^) t t ? r f w f f t t t t t t f t w t r f
f r e t ? tttf% fffitfttt f t ? f r o t t f f f t e t ? f ? f f e w t e t ? CttfCt? r e w f f T ? f t ? f t - f t ftr T t , w t ? f r ?
f t c f I fe^tr ct, c?t f t e ? t f f t ? f t t t f f ?fffâ w w t r t f f w c r o r o f c t t wTsic? s t t e f f e w t t f f t t ffw ftro
(c??i?t), r r f t , Cftt ( W f f f ) t t l f f ? ( r r r ) w t s t t f c ? f W f f ? W t W C f ? f f ^ w f f w t ? I f ? T w t t?? w t t f r o
?W3 f t t t f f f t t r t f t f f t tares? wfte? f t f f r f r e t t c f tttf? f^srfffff ' w f w ? r o f t t f tfft W f t ? f?w wiw?
f t t t fffcw? I ttcro, f t w f ? t f f t r e f ? f f f t wt3t f ? f r w e ? ? t t f a t t t fffjp f f T ? f " W f f ? W t W C f ? t f f t
t t c w t fW3 f e t f f t f e ? f f f f e ^ t r w f f c f ^ i f c t f ? i t ? ^ e f ? t fc?? (WTWfTW, j. dob) I a t f f c f ftirs f f w e ? ?
f ? ftwff t^ f w t f ? c f t f f c f f ? i w t t t f w r ? w - f t t f t f s r t f f t f t i T f f (t?? ffi? ft'Wff? f ^ T W f f f t ? a r f f g )
r t f f r o t t t f n t t t f r o w? f t f c t f r a f t ^wa f c t e f W t W C f ? t f f t w w f ? f f t f t ?a c r o t f t f r o w t t e t f r c f
ffttw T I I i?cw? w f ? w f c f t t f t w t ? t t t w Wf^ttffwte? f t f f t " f r o
f t w t t f w f f ? w n r o f r o ffff^ r w t ffw? f w t f r o f c ? t 1 w t w t f f t f t r o f f = "^c fferffwf? t ^ f ? T I w t
f f t r t r o w?T t s ? w 'jft ffwte?? t f f t -^cw t t r o t w f t f t a t t i f f w t w ro w I ^ i f r o t^? w t i [ f ? W t r o , f t w c f
t t w f fffcftt
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wranim,^yiW- WNI^, ^ ^ I W F W<FFN

ttn%v5 feTH f t s f f w S'gsiRmft cnmtt w t Atstflt wnsen f A t s csnn-a ntnR^ wfntenn nns wtnst tfwAtcn TTT nt 1
wtnt n t R ' ^ f n nnntst fnfn wtAts wtntwt wtnnen f n f w n t j S^ nnen f f n cnet atttnfnss f t t n t ?tfn -a njtsfnsm
fnwtenn t i n n W i flennwtAtn Rn^wtsnn w n (wtnt^nw, f . wnn nsenn-imt f f n nnfw ?ttnsnft fnftncnne^ njm, nwj-a
(2-br8, Wf. f f ^ , Raverty, f . eA^) i S^ ttnnnswtw ttft'wtw ( A t n t f f f s s - A ) w f s t f f Rewcns fnness nf^ -a
sTfwnc^ nti^tenn ntfnnrs flenn i n? nt^tn f n wtnw f t e s n ffnstfnw nsRew StntR w n 1 wnfn-ntwifls arc? wtnntesm
w t t ^^ntn fnnnft atfw fnentens n ? f|n i S ^ w e n t fnffew atttnm f n f n w f w s f ^ fnsnn nftntcA 1S^ w f w n f ^ fnnnn
n t n % ntwffn cntnnt atstn ^^Rntn wmnft nen f w f f n wtnntt ntn fnen-8 -^fwAtfn^ nnnn-T fntfssn wfAtes= fnfpt' ntRtfR-J3s
f f w R n t A f n f f f ^wns cgfnw ntsfffn w n t n êam wwj<lnt atfw WFNTFT nfnnt n ' ^ fnntcAn ( W s - T fntfnsn, f . es, es.) 1
wttntesf (wtffn-t cnentwt, f . ios) f e ^ nnenn nenj fnff w m s t e ^ S^ nnnnmnwtcss wtnnt f A m ^ t t n -a t w f i e s s f*t^
ê ntcAts ntait w n >ant i i f n-^Tnt tooA/ Ao ^ (nwtnen -awTsRntc^'Fnnfnntncn^Re f n 1 w n RR-iissft'wtfnn
iS. 1 ^ ) , iAoto nten (% Mahler and Wustenfeld, -a ftncASfm tfnnten w ^ n fnntflenn 1 R R t n m wfwtn wtf
Verglelchungs Tabellen) ntCAtS tAS ^te m nnfnn Atff'H (n)-iiis nttnn flenn 1 wtsntesm nstnmfl* -a fsnfRtfR
f m wffffA'ntnns ?ien wnnn w n Cpttn-t fntfnsn, f . o ) i -^fwAtfnnsnn f A m est 'snftn f t t n m t n a f t flenn, Sm ^tewcA
tAcng f ^ nif^nf fAtens wj<nt f n m w t n W t t n m ScRfet f m s mmfnm -a n^ t t w n m m w t 1 -atwmt F N m m f f n
wstm Snf?w An i monten w n t j -iit ftnftn n R s n w ^ i i n ^ nfsw - a f t n m f t (bwmf) nsfnm n m s t f n cntesm f c n
f n-mn'nt wtfnen fwfn ntCAten atent nnrnn i n n n f fnn ib- arsfnw -stm f f s t f i n 1 Smn - a f t snn _ u ^ j - ^ . j
fn-'^n'nt wtRen wmen nnatsm f n f t n ntnttcAS wRenns A J J J I j i I] ~ "CA f n w ! cwtmn menn t R m n ffstfew
wîfen n t ^ A S I n i n n - t f n t f f s -a wmtnnw ( f . ab-sym ^ttjtft atnffs f n s t e A 1" -^fwAtfn^ w T f i - ^ t f n n f f n t w t A
e n n ^ Swenn ntntfnten S ^ wfwenss wf^nens fnnft f l n f m s tfwAtn ajc? ( n t t . Briggs, i t . , i o j > , n-an f f w , f .
nsfnnm i (-iiwnfntcs wtAm fttAtnntentAn w f i k n n wtfnn n t w n^m fsntcAn, mtn-a w m f n Stnmencts cntewt snms-s
i b f n - ^ T n i tooA/AH i n , i A o ^ ) I WtAtess am^ ntstffn Sttfn wfn^ n t n f n m -a n m m w atttm ssRew 9 m f A t e ^ mn fnrn
f n m t w w t f f s n - f f n f t n ' (wtffs^n-ffnffn- -an nAtnwtmff) -a t r e ^ 'snn f wnfn' (FTF ' n n n ' - f t ) w s f t t nwmn f c t n
'wtffn-f?tnPFt' (f^tnrsnews nt^ enfini nmnt A S , wtmen atsfnw f w f f n ( f f ? t m - a f t wfntnmat, nf^wten t m s mttjt
atstr Wfnten ^^mw^ 'wtmtff n f f w t ^ ^ e f f n f f f w n w t ^ I
n n n ntw f n s t f l e n n i f f f S ^ nmnt n f ^ neA i atfwne^ m l f n atentwen wtsntssc^ ntest nenj ntcAten w n ? R nsfnew
wtnewn nt f n f n m f n ntnwtntw f n w t t n f f n tnffnetn ^ I -atsict - a w ntcAm wn?tnWn tAcss mftcn ettem
ttnmnen (toAe/iAA^) ^ n m n f s ^ Sttfn ntw w (5. ftent. ct fnsts nten cntm stew t R w stm f f n newsmen wtA s n
ttnffn tnffnt)1 -ant mn n t n n nses^ ntn n t w f f n m n t n - b o n / i A i o nten
ntCAtes ntwitfenss wffetenn ns ^5ptw f w f f l n wtnntt fnff t f w i nsesn I f f A ' n - m n i f n aje? (At., i o i ) -assft nnRf
aiwTtsft ^Rnt nsntn t t t ^ , f A t s ' ^ s w t ^ i f n tntnnm nSnnj nffs^ntcA''wtnmessn wtsslmss f f m tmew-i^^tss tfnatt^
nt?m wfofen wstns Atc^cA't 1S^ S ^ n s f f n aient n^te^f f f n -ass f f < mn?t ttnn nsnm mnnten nw n j f ^ nn^WT nfapn f l n I
wfnnea atwjtnwn nsesn, cnnn wtntssnw atc^n n t f ^ n'fnt f n w f A m bntbws t t Ate S^ n j R n w n ? R c w m f ^
(ttJ?m f n f fntes", f . sbA) ^tew nen as 1 f n f nenn f s wtntnetn wtent fnntflenn 1" w t s n f n t t n m f f c t n ntcAtenn
f e n t w n n nesj f w ntnftw as I few wtnntss f n ^ness ntftes wTAm t f w f n f ^ n n t R fnsftt w t A t s i f i n -ant
tntfww nsnw f A f s t m w n nsfnew <pRew ftnff f f f ^ 'wtA'ftnstw-T f s t f ' ate?s a t c t w f t ( i b t o s f., n f ^ i b - b e
c!feAn I snmss n<s!tA S ^ attffn ntwntff w f n w f s n t ntenn 1 f . ) T # -at nmfns a t w j w n f ernns f f n w f l n ( f . A J ) I
w w s f n sinnies^ t ^ ^ e w w t f w wt^Bi^ wtatmen f w ^tnt nwmen Sm-assft ntmmtt wn, ntcAtcss wtntsssf ntwtenn-assfS
t w n ^^Rew ntnj s n % sbA, s b b ) 1 ntAt aSSS, f n tfne cntssbfn wnien, w t s w ^ wn?m Rrnnrn nfsntcA 1
ntwfsnen f n ^ w f f n f A m e w - a aifw^=fcss tt^ten atcnt iss-bn f . t s m s f t t ^ nswtsft nnntf? f n f fnm fnm w t m
f n c w cnn ntt 1 w n t j S ^ ncstnt fscstn wtnntcn njm ntsff ffs - a f t a t t ' B f s fmiftt ssm AtstcA 1
csiwtess wtnew wfn^ ntwj fnwn ^tew fnnw s t t f w ntsj w 1 -^fÂtfns> 'wt-af f "Wfifn wtnntesm f c t n 'Sntm-a n f f e n n
S ^ nnnent f A m ntwcfn ctn I w - m R ntnn wtnewn c w nem -mtn-T fmfnsn -s ^t'uf'f-^ rnnrn fnwtn (gntm-wtnnm.
TNNTF RSEW
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t f f w j w ^ tfiit -^tr w? I f "Wife?? we?f1t cfttt? f f t

T 1 % f R ( i t . , ii<t)-a? w t f e g t t # t t e ? f I OtCttW W R t ttcwc? (tfeV-iôo te? wwfe? f f f f e w?^wff? "ffit wtet
f f e R f f C f t f e g t w t w t f t W R w t I wrWPrt t e w atswt t t f w t I ffft? f Wft-ttwt t t t w e t ? tn? a t wtfwtttvs
t t e t t f f - f s - v s T f <ji-T W t t s 5 j c ^ atttW, ftft WeWt Wt^Ct wtftiet t c f t l f t W f W f , f wwt wfct? W W W t f ? <3 f l f f
t w f f e . t f r n t i t I w t t w t wi'Qwftff-'sft wsjf f f e t t t ftffeltw wm f t f w f W ^ W f l t I Fergusson ( t t t l f
c t t f I ffft WCttft wct t f f f f e ( W t t t ? W - W t W t , f . AS>, ftfwjfttK, ^. ? i , osi) f f t ? fc?t, ''it?it f w Wt^ftcfs f t t f
o't) I c w w w ffewft t w f f e "^tWC? ati f w W W f f f f i t cww t f f f t ?? w I f?f? t f f t f f t e f tj??w f f ? ' 9 f t c?c?f
t f g W W - a f f t % t ? I f f e t c t f t W f s i f f 1 WCTCtt f f f W5JW f f ^ t f t tit, c t t w w f?fe cttffe f w ff?FWf WW
f f c f ? t t l ^tc ^ t i f t w t w f t ' w f t f f t wftef at f c t ? t f w f f w w t ?f??fe?...' I t t f f w wt^wefe t f e fftt w?c?f w
wftct? t c t j t t J f W titc w c t ( W W f l t - t wcw?, At., 81 t?te? a t t i t f R ? ft't c t t t ? f wâw w ? w a?i cw?
t . ) , f f f f&fet W f t ? 1 f C t ? ffc?ittf flctt ttwt? f ' % f t ffftw? Cfft ctwet? 4i?=<Mf f?t? tfw t t f c t r s t t f e f t f ?
fSfft w w f t f t (?) f f f t f W f f ? w s w c f ? w w f ? tfwc?? ê fie?w I
f f s f f t t f c ? w t t c t ? t f t ar^ttw f c t t ( 5 . tfcw. ttwt f f f #t 8 ( i ) w t f f ? (Wf?-t-ftfft??), w t f t - t f W W f
f'^ff? f&ff) 1 f t f ( f ^ f f w trt ?f?RW-W?tf?), WW. Denison Ross,
f t w ? f - w t f ? WtWCf? ftffffc?? tctj f w ? f f f f e t ^ ifeAl (?) W ? f t - f ? f f , w f f t - t f ? t W f t f f t ? f f
f f w t t t i ? w t f ? f f c t t w c ? f c f i t c w t j 1 atft f f w t f w tflctib^j, o t t c t f t f c t w wttlfw?-a, i f e o s . ( o ) wtwt
t i t ? t c t f f w w i f f e Wftc? w i j i f f f f w w ? I t?tctt t c t j WWtl?; W ^ t f f f w t t ? f f t f t ? , titn o o f f o ; ( 8 ) w T T O T w - t
f f f t ? f'3'a?nt-ttWt t t f w t - a ? W t tfcf^wtct f c g t c t t t j i wftf, fftftw ib-ls8 (., w f f t l , C f f c f t t iSi8S> it., t l
t?i? f f f f c f ? t ? w m t t t w e t ? t f f i t f i t , f f f t wc?? t t - w f t t W f . Major Raverty, t ^ ib-b-i ^f.; (ff) Redhouse,
( e v V i i f e i ) f w w t W t W C f ? w e t ? f l f f f t f ?ft?te? Turk, Eng. Dictionary; f t t i t f ^ e W f t i S - A i % lib)
( w ? j ? = t - t i w f f , wtir? A, i o ) I t ? ? f ? i t ? w e t f t t w t f t t ff?Ai*r-t wffti?iw; f a t f f c t t ? cTl?]; ( i ) ff^'t-WWf)?,
tw?w ffftct? t t w w?s t t w ffs>8/iis>i t e ? t w ??"i w f f . w ^ , f r ^ t f awcf i f e o H (b-) 'wf, f W f t -
a w f t w f f e w t j t t f t # t w f f f f?t? t t j f f t?wt? f l f f f ? i Wlttf?, t t f . 5 f f ? tttff, R? i f e o o If.; (fe) w i f t - t
?? ('^) I tttwet? w ? w t w t ? t t f t wwt? t f f & f i t w, f f f CfCtfwT?, tWf. Briggs. i t . , Cttrt i b - o i f. f a t f f C f f ? ,
f W o t ? t t t f f ? t t f f f f f f f wÊftttfe ttw? f? f ? l ? i V i i S % ; ( i o ) Wt?f?W-WtW?, f f f t i o o A / i f e i f f ; ( i i ) W f f j t
WtwtajttftfQtWI (Wftiaf t w p l f i t W W ? W ? f w t f f 5 , Wf?Wf, W W f R - W W f f , RWt. ?1?WfW? ifeo8 ^.; ( i ? )
f . t t w f W^-t w ' f ? , ib-1,) I ? ? t f f f e f f f WWC?? f ? 1 W ? - # ^ - t f S t f , wew? ib^<? f, ( i ) f t 1 W ? f w , ? t t t ? f ? R
ff?atfs1f? f t t f w f f i t cuibiftt ? i ? t ^ f t f ^ a?if?t? W f f [Wfwtrw] ifeAff %; ( i 8 ) Fergusson, f ^ W t - WftJt W f f f ,
wet? W?W? tit i o e x o A f t I wrspi-WWtl? f C f ttfwtfS? t t w f W^-t w f ? , f ? t l f t W ffSftwtt? i f e O A % ; ( i f f ) Wffjt
f-ltftfe t i w t f e ^ f e a t w ^ w? (ft"twttw, ^. AO, W t t t t t t w f f f , w t f t t - t f t t W t - t t f t f W R -aw w t ? , ifeSfe % i f . ;
ttctftf? t w w t ? , % A8>b) I Fergusson W?tJ f?t? f t t ? ( i f e ) t f f f j t ? f f f f , w w i f l ? - t we?ra, t w w - t W f i f r - t
t?wi? fff f t fntffftts a f t t t f w tttftf? f f t t f t ?fw ttWftW, We?ra ifefffe %, At.; ( i l ) R-t?f^-ft 'wi?f?-w?-w?
fftwe?? I wtft? ^ f t e f t t t t t e t ? f w t f t t t t t t t w t t w ?itR-t wt^ftwt, w w t t f ifeffS % ; ( i b - ) f ? i w f trf we?ff,
ctt f W ? t t t f t f W ? t f i f ffftf f ? Tf, f ? l ? t f t f t f w $rw WflW, RlC?I? ifefeo f I
fffw t?t? w t t t - f f t ^ t a t t a f t t ffttf? f f t t t e tfftt wftjt r f f f wftwttf (w. w.t.)/f. ww?t<pt ^
f?f ??,?fW ' 5 f f f ? w i i w t w w ? f fttte? ffttffe "^tw t f c f *ili|i|l4> ( j ^ i ) 8 t e w f ? f f - f f f R I t?t? w f Cfta,
(5. f w ? f?f?) I Fergusson-a? tcw f ? t f t t t t t e t ? wf?w f e f t t ? 'cftatttt' ( f f f R t t - a ? twfe) I W f f f e t e w f ?
ffwe?? f w t w ^ t tit r 'jfwew? f c f ? wsjwc? t9?w f t w r ? f t i ? tett ?lftt?r5f 'c??t* (Rayon) i Wtftfffw? Wlfffwtc?
f w f f ? - a ? ftwcf? 'si?et 'cfw fittt' wet a f t t f w ? w t t t t w 'wtr^ f i c t ? wtfft WW?? weftt? wrtff, w?fw, f ? i t f f t
ffftt f W t t t f f i t (>!joA/iAoff-'!j te?) wtft? ?t?t-a? w r t t f f c f ' r f t W t W f ' (r? w t r wr? W t W f ) tw T f ( r r ?
ftiwtwe?i?t f i t f f s t t f ? r t f f t f c ? f ? i ? f e i t t r a w w ? W t W f Cfll?) I
( W W f t - t t W f t , A? w w t , i o - i S ) 1 t f s f f ? ? f w c ^ f w B. Spuler (E.l.^)/ f ? t ^ f f ? r ^ T ^
t t w f tffCflt
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boh-
mfns f n n-ai^ nftntCA i wtfn w n n f ^ - s R -atmen -ann-a

t ^ i ^ M i V I) 8 t s n *p|Ri t s f n - w n s T O w R - w i n t f SnrajT fc^m afsfnwwtcAi
w m f n , <iff?iiA (y\)-m n t m f t<rm wtn-nftn (^ym fsg, wtnesn wfnntRnn f t f t fA. esfffe fsw^ A t n t f (Atm
ntAfs R f stc R f n f % n n A t f n n^nt nsfnntc^ i nnf% Hausa) -a ntfntn ' w t n - f n wtns', ntAtm f-antcne^ m f t
?tnn nsntn nen tAcnn wmtm f n n mtn fwR ntntn nsm atmn cmeatn wmwn i f m m wtntn wtn-fn Rfsn -a wtn-fn
f n m r A n , trnnrt ntwtpjM 'wtngn-'wtftn rnn-antenn f g ^ (-a-aen) nten csfffew fsws; i wnjem c m m ^ nens
fntn--an atttnTfnm mfmm n s m mfnntrAn i nfn-3 f f n c-nies'St s ^ nRrten mm n t m e s s nft 'Ssstftss n t f ?tm^
wratnaf f k s t c n (wtsntn)-wtsn Atstflcn-t, wf-a f m s f s n t e f I i s . - s - s - v f . wtnnntff wfntff wtn-fn wtnenn
ssfsms mmen f f n f m e n s nft nfn#m n t ssfsntflenn -ant wnntmt fln An,ntoe i .wtAtm wtm-ntmnn &%i em^ -antmn
-at wfsteAs W f f f n ntffgn 'imnn (nffnnnenn n f ) Smfn m wnm attftn nnenn nfntn fnfnw f f e w mnmn w i f m e n n
w n I f m n f f f f f f nsffrnn f f n ntwSnf^ fmsn f : ^ n nntennn nw fsn A t n w t n t f n (Agades) mm ''(fs nnsmn
^Rntefn i n t f Atf*t5i enteatn afttntn f f n f f m nsm s>(ssieAn mtfew fnfnw t t m f l n i i e i e f . nn -at tssft wtn-fn ^
-ant wm fnnnfenn fnn^ wa mnen f m s wR^t stsnn <pI5?iit^'i enteajn mnwtmen ntwmfe msnw A S I f m m w ^ f f f W
(ff?nn f s m "wtsfftA t n f s fsinesn f n ^ , ntmn n t e f f f n f e s t wtn-fn f f s n n t n t e n n e n t w r s stitst wtns w f s w
fnnenns mffe stfte^m) i wnnfness f f n m f f f f n t m e s s -a f s n t f i n I w t m f n wtwsnn - a f t -amw ( n t t w wnan) atmn
ASS 'Smtn (m).--an Aitsnfnm:nn atR msFtmn^ flenn, wtmff tAs -a wtns S^ -amw -amt wtn i
fmess f ^5^ mmnnff nfnm nfnt fnnteAn, f f ? a t f o t e ^
wfnntRnn n f e n t f f n n (wtn-fn f f n n n t m n s.n/ien
fAte^ ASSW'Sfntn (m)--as nnf25 s m ntn I
n m f ^ e w f n f n n ) i nffn R w n a ^ i n m f n w r e n c n f i w n
at?f#f 8 ( i ) Wfftw, ntntn, n t m ^ n t f n , i-stoto/is.8n, f . -atmen w f t nffn m w n t n fftintn -ant atRftnt w f m f t s
i-sb-, Ac-v; ( A ) enn^, Aim-antn, ^ n . , i v , S-JSA; ( ) ntmt at^ r
fsissin, snfnn, f f f ; ( 8 ) t s n f "msm, R'n, - s s e - n ; (<?) af?f^ 8 ( i ) H. Barth, Reisen und Entde-
enn^, m'wtfw, nnnem nt. i - o c M / i f e o s , f . v e , i 8 v , A S A ; (to) ckungen in Nord-und central Africa, emm i v e n
wtnnff, A i n . , n-io; (n) t n n 'wtntffn, wtffn f n n t t t , on., ( W t f W f . fjtffn i V t o o f . ) ; ( ^ ) E. de Bary,
i v e - s . ; ( V ) 'wtn^nntff, t n t m , n?n o & o , AA8to; (s.) t n n Zeitsch.D.geog, Gesellsch--a, i v b - o f.(nsntR W f . ,
'wtnfnn-ntnn, t n f ' w t n , t n t n t n Aff^stn, i n . , vs.-s.o; ( i o ) Schirmer ns^, journal de Voyage, mtffn i v j s b - f . ) ;
n t ' f w , f f s ; ( i i ) C.A. Nallino, Scritti, VI (-5) Schimer, On the Ethnography of Air, Scott,
(Letterature index, W t f W f . , f f f ) i geogr. Mag., i b S i S f., f . e - s v - 8 o ; ( 8 ) E. Foureau,
Ch. Pellat (E.I.2)/ ^g^nn f n s t ^ ASsD'Alger au Congo par le Tchad, mtRn i S . o A f.; ( e ) ^
^snrpi (_î) 8 tAfess wtnesn (Asben)- n m A S , mmm enn^. Documents Scientiques de la Mission
nmRs m m f -amsn, i n stew A i t ^ w ^ t f -ant n f ^ Saharienne. mtffn i i o e f.; (to) E. F. Gautier, Le
stew s. fSf^ f s Btfnntn nem wnf?w I tAtn fwnft fw^ fa wnsn Sahara, frtRn iSÂb f . ; (n) A. Buchanan,
nftsteA s (,i) S ^ wtnn, t m mfRen n t n f f n n n w n exploration of Air out of the world North of
wfnn^Rw, ( A ) n m wtnn, -amnmn f f n w n w n n , n f g - a f t Nigeria, n ^ i J s A i f.; ( b ) F. R. Rodd, People of the
ssemt-ant esnm-a esnm Sqj i55fnfA sftsteA ntAtens S ^ % veil, n ^ iS>Ato f . ; (S>) Y. Urvoy, Histoire des
m f t n f s c % f ; ( o ) n f f n wtnn, f^mns m n f f n i -amnw populations du Soudan central, mtffn ii-sto; ( i o )
M*fBj, t m fftens fness s f f ?tm f^fntef I ntAtstn wnPit -antsnn L. Chopard A. Villiers. Contribution a' 1' etude
înntn wtnn--a fflmw e s f A S (nftmtn ^ stew w t f ? nn) de r Air, Memoire de I, I. F. A. N., nt i o , mtRr i s . e o
liint t m s w t fns wnntRsnn est mfn mâm ntn wtm -ass w t f n f.,ff?nnw F. Nicolas -a H. Lhote a t f w Ethnologic
des Touarag de I' Air, 8<2-S>-e-o-o; ( i i ) Lhote les
frnntn Sf%n ('fn f^)-<an Stmnen ntAtm w i f f f p n n -amen
Touaregs du hoggar, mtfsn iJ>88 ^ . ; ( i A ) L.
w R mntmt t t t f A S I ntAtsts wttnfwns f n e n -at -antsnn
Massignon, Annuaire du Moude Musulman'*,
-snêfn mm w n -at en, -anis>itt ntf^fwins n w n f e A S
mtffn iiee f., f . -s-si i
(Azalay) Snen wnf?w i -atmen n^ cat mmmn n -a n s n
G. yver -ast R-Capot-Rey (m.m.t.)/f. wtn^ m^n
t n m f Rtiemn
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Contents
mm boh mm
"^nw (5J_,i) s w t w T ttmrn:?? n f % narte mf?w n f S t n f n wm-wtnsf -a n t f wtnntA'--an - a f t n n nswss t A s f t ff%w

m<\, mmm W r - ' W W m t (g.) wRft l Nelson A S , w t n t e n 8-b<?/ionA-o n t m -assft wRssm t A s f t Rs A S
Glueck, R R cntR wmm R f 5 w f - w m i m ? arra % n nfnm wmi mn I t s n w t f f f f s f , f ^ (Popper), At., A-OS.] I
f w r r R t H S ^ - f 1 % W < l t w w i Ezton-geber (wt^n- agcnews f t w m m n w m f n fwRatA f t wtffm wren -ant

t n t w r ) - a m w m m m^ <i#?n%mn R R srsm mm, fwcten t A s f t n ^ tfsmen Rsfl s t m mn i cws^ntcncns mwr
m t c m m l ^ Ezlongeber --an W R m ^ tnt (Elath. sttn Baldwin iii-b f . WTnm (Helim) n t n mm,
w m m f f f f ) w % I n % m m S t i f f s mRm S5m-a smn-a WH-Snntss -3 Montreal--an Barony (wfnntf)-? w f e n
^C?ra -m:*)! msRj w i AtnfCf (Deut., U, 8, l Kings, Ix, tAsftc^ cwnmtcnenn miftn ntewm w ^ w t A S i iini f .
26, II Chron, viii, 17), W f s m t W M s t w m n4nm S^mi n m i A f n n s ^ f f f n f t t t (Franks) ffmf^w A S I nimt^'tfrn
cm m- - a t S i f mim wmi (II Kings, xlv, 22, 16:6) I Old mssttcw n f (mtm fnestfww mm i w m - m m t c w m n m
Testament--an Elath (ftm t ^ a i W C f mmA mfCA) A t n Renaud de Chatillon n s ^ W f nncsn w m t f f n f n f ^
"mmf uî-im f f nit I fnmmn (wi)-'an msm Atew fnsstffiiw s t m f i n (iib-A-b-o) n t n ftwm -a cmft mtesn
Elath-Ezion-geber - a m w S f n ntifmn cnt m^ ?tff S t f c n f s m w R Scftemm w t s -wwif4 wfwmn btnc-ofin i
Atsifin, Ahaz {ô<?-i<? f. f.)-ifln m w ^ m m n mncmm mm iib--s nen n t m ^ - f e n n c n m t R ^ - n t f n - f n f f ' ms^
Ijsi^men t f f (Edomites)-mn sfnrn rnn i -anmtft Renaud--a n t w f *Rtn A'smn t n tffl wn?in wmm A t f mes
84 f. f. m n tn rnfff me^ i nmn mm%w. nsnw rnmit tnntens nsnwntw A S I w t f n - t f m ' (iA'^-a-i-o-oA)-'an new
(Nabataeans)-^ mm tAnft nimm n t f t - f m ?mtffsA?r f s m nnen tAsftcw S t f c n n f n f s n f f4ft m^ w m f f ^
CTtmm tnmf fnsfcnn nnn tm a f f f f ^ R n i wnt^fg t i n m (wt^"ftn, v^-n) i
tmf fef (nm ffiRmn w m ? R f t Berenike m m f n nsn -at f4lt w w f n mnfns t t n w t s fnfnw w m t s R
wRRw A t ^ ) w m m 'wmnrnt tff<3ttnm nem nifrcwm f f n r n n 'wmnm (5.)-n cnt f f ? nmtmmn f s f f f ; t m wtnnm
w m mm ftnnm rnnAw êw mess i cnrnm mnnmcn w i R n ^ t mn?m n f m ncA I WtR est f4wmme^nm nsfnntfin .
wmm l o t h legio fretensis nin^ 'Znmsiftf mm n t n f f w tAt monten wtfntf-ffswt-an men tfsfsw -assft f e t wnf?w
A S I fnfnnm w s m s cm^r (fnm)-'iin 'sn^f f 4 mf=ffwms c^cgn t i n , t t m t e s s w t s tie f n m t S t f c n s t A s stew cnm rnn
nttwii)t mnenn neemf fftn wem Trajan ( ! b - - i i n f.) cnt. -atsit?tmtAmwn?in I - ^ t t A s f t t e m f e n n m n t f t n c n n n n n
nwft f n f m nmtmRcnn, w m m t i n <st n w c w nf^n wfffo A S 1 t m t ent f ff|w f 4 mm iib-A m m Renaud
Terminus m c f n afi i tewtncm A>s(}- f&ien w m m t i n wnemn f n n t f l e n n i f n f t e s n sttn f 4 iib-A m iib-s n t m
-answn tfnenn w n ? R ? n (Bishopric) -ant i S i S o f%te=n Renaud-t fnntt nsfnntflenn nfnm w f f n nsm nm i wtin-ffnm
'wtmmm wnenn wtfnmn nmntntftn t f ^ mnft fn nncn f n wt-af^w -at f4ft f l n - a w m f n n f n t-o-^C'S'si
cnm mt i tnmenn wtRotenn f ^ f c n w m m ntnntntitn wmtn^tni
mnwm f n s '2tew fnemfww nrnrnf m->t<p(.n>i>8o f . % b-t>, io<t, ion-iob-,
tnmf f c n V"J-so--si m m wmmn smn Sewn m-am rnn, iiA-ii-s, (A) Ph. Schertl, Ela-Akaba, Orientaha
nmt t A S t t w T f ^ wfwntenn n n n f f n n Yuhanna, b . Christiana Periodica, 1936, f . -s-s-nn; ( - s ) A .
. Ru'ba--an cnwcf mRfRten n t f f i l A (n)--an Rf5 wmpmn4 Musil, Arabia Petraea. ii/I, Rcnm i5*on f . ; f f ;
w I tnmf f c f w m m tnnn-a fnfnm ^ c w nmmf Assintlfenn - ( 8 ) nt^-ff, ffsnw (Wiet), - S t . , AAV--s<?; <<?) H.
l i i f f t -sn^f f4 fnnn ?ten f R n w A S -ant -atmen mnm-ntf4wi-3 Lammens, L Arabe occidentale avantl' Hegife,
n f R mw <pen i nffa t A f t ffnn, Rfnm ~8 fAwm--an ntemf?cn Beirut iii>AV f., index under Alia; (b) H. W .
wnf|w, Wf-a mmnnw tme^ fnfnnm w ^ nfnm nen W T AS I Glidden, A Comparative Study of the Arabic
hh-a-b f . wm-fnsnmf ( y n v ) tme^ f f f n f e n n mnn' (Port Nautical Vocabulary from al-Aqabah,
of Palestine) nfnm n4m f s n t e w 1 wm f ^ f m f f n fmst Transjordan, in JADS 1942 f . , -bv-^; (n) C.
^tew 'tt si-sinnH A S , t A s f t 8 4 / i o n , m o t f e w f n R n Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence, The
mnmnen isnn m nsen i s i e / i o ^ s - e nten 'wm^p^t^ Wilderness of Zin, London 1936 f., ^Sd-H; (V) E.
t n n t f tfifcmn
t.R.Vnn
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Contents
Robinson. Biblical Researches in Palestine, f j ? f?1 ^ t t r dfeA RC?? AS f f R ^ f t r o f W t e t ? WRI

London 1856 %, % ifei, ife^5 i t r c f t f w f?t ^ I ffwttt? w t ? % t i f t f w t f t w f t i f w t
H. W. GUdden (E.I.2)/f. f f w t f t f f c f w t f ? fRC?? wtl f f f f e Augusteum a ? i wit? WTOI?
W f ^ f t R l R - a ? t f w ffw, f*5? t f c f ( w t f l f e f : t ? Saray
ct^ttct? w w j w w ) f f ^ f f r o t t ? , t r o t ^ j t f w f ? wtftQfti,
f f r o t t c t ? f f f t t e t ? w t t f f e t I ffffcf w f t i R f g ? f f e f
m R t r a t r arrcBH 5fsnTtwa t r o t l f t t r o ffwt rwsfitttwtffw I
(metropolitan church) f i t i wf t m f f f t W f f t f t t f t t f % t ffcf w t t f C f ? f f t c t l M T I Atrium t l t f afft
Wiff wrm c r f f w Constantine the Great W f f f f f f e T I w ^ t i r o t t # f e t ctttt c f s t t t <i(?tlc? I a t f R ^ c f c t f l t
Rlt, f r o , f ^ t^^Rplf f r o f a Constantius f T O t t w t ( R s t w ro t t f t ^ ) aft ct?t f ? l f ? i f w
f l R f Licinius-a? RKt fC^ W?R! f f f T O t ? t T f f f f (Exonarthex) t t W f f m ? a t i t T ^'^^ Atrium-a?
<<'if tiftwH 1 w t ? t r f f f R R w m ^ t ? WiflW f f f t 4 ?1 ^ t t l i l l w w ^ I a t f t ? ^ c w t r o f f t t t w t ?wft? t f ^ ffcf?
a?i id- CsEfnrfff, ^ s f e o R W tnif f 1R< f t t T I ( f . A. M. cttt tttlRt (Esonarthex) t f w tftte? i t T ?Ift f ^ ttew
Schneider. Die Uorjustinianische Sophien- v s t f w t anew a f a f t t?wt wte? i wi? f w f stett t t t t t t
kirche, in BZ, ifeofe, ofe) i a t t T O f f w t ' t ? t ? roifft tfwt5 f t f t t c ? a ? i t e t t r o ^te t t t t w t t w t f i ? f f [ w r ?
f f t f R t R f f R Attic? I Wf^fTQ <3 W l f f f tro wfw Rt*R . ffwt? w w w ? t f w tftte? I t r e t ? t t j f c t w t f f w tt?tt
f i f t i c ? (Bishop John Chiysostom-at f t T O f t t w w t f t t w t w ? f f e f t t "^Wflt a t i f T ttwt? t c ? t r o ? i e t ? j ? T w
8o8 t w ? AO ^ attt f t f f f f e y f f W RWtRattt WTQW
w f w T I I Sid- t w ? V wcît? f t s f i t f s w ? t w a f R w t f t f ^ c t t wtes? f t ? w?ffw f r t t ? t t b f ^ , wiwjwftf
f t c t t f f f e t t ? t r "SIWS f ^ , t w i o Wtf?ttf, doA R W ^ f f j t t ? I d fftt? (-ff ffcf? t r o w f f T O t ? wstt, apse)
?tfacw ctifeCiTlcfe?.tfw^ t f s f t ? t e t j t l t f b t i f i M tr ^^jfw a t i t f W ? l o f f t t ? I ctetttt a f f t ^ c t ? w t t t w twft,
f i r o w f ^ T l (?l>sif t tfw?tt?1t? t t w ? f T 9 ? WlWf w s ? f r o f t w c t t t t f - t r g cttftjRtt t i w f t dfe fftt? t f w f^ i
tllf?lt?=1) I C f t t tttte?? ct^?tt5tt cftttt? wtsi ? T i ffte t t f t w t i
Rffs w t t f f t i t f f t w t f f t t a t t w t f t t w w f i s f f f t t a t w t j w t f f t w rott m t T c t ? w?R???iet t f f f e i t T e t ? e f
? # r o tfeitw c r o t t f c ? ? c t t ? f c f Cf? ?st? ctet t i t , a t t w t r o tft?a=et c?tt f f f f t t e w ? ffe?ERt? ? ^ f f w ^ t i R f f t
f f t r o l e f t f f f f f c f f ff?tt?ct?, f r o f f t i R Rtgtcstj? fttf^ ffw? a t i t r e t ? wTwt? ftffe W S t f ? rot f ? fW ^twe? i
t w c t ? ^ffwaett 5^cw f f u r o f t f t t R f ? tgtct? t t t ? w t f w f t ? f ^ ^s t f % t ffcf wi? ^ w t f s t f l ? tew% ?ftwe?,
t i f t c w ^tc? a ? i wf?|fn:? t w at ftf?tstt witi t r e t ? t f f t ? f t w f f t f t w f t f w ?ftwe? I w t w w f f e t k t ?
Ctltf?t-a? fTSffftCt? W ? J ? ^ l C f ?TtT5 At?tlt?=1 I t f e i w i ? W W RftetWt -ewf f f fit t t J f C t ? wswft t i t T t W ^ (aisle)
caf^ f t t w t c t ? t?T ^#: Tralles-a? Anthemius a?i t c f t ^ f t i ? ffet t j t f f w t f t c t ? tJTWftttew t f r W R ? w w
Miletus-a? Isidore t t t f ^ t f w c f fisftftct? Rtffe t T O w i t ? ( W t t t f t ?ft>sfit4C??t t t f t t f ) Ri?fww tiffW I i o i ft
?5?t At?llt?=1 I c t t c ? f t g f t f f c f t f f r f l c t ? , R # f f e c f t f S c f ws (Soft fcB fe i f t f t w ) W t t t t f l t t ? W t ? ? T ( f f e iWSsft
f f ^ w f f f W tfwc?ict? "wtwiR=t^ -^tc ? t w , f r o t a t W r o t w affttW (monolith) ? f t W e f t WtCt? (Verde
f ft t f f t t ^ c w t t f a i t t i t r o tft% f t t ? f t t t w t|w t f r o antico) TOt f f f Cftt Cfttft a f t f t ? f f ^ ?twt'ffW
(dome, and cupola) t ^ t t w t f t t at?t f f f T O f f ^ (porphyry) TOt f f f f e I t T O W R i f ? t t t p t t j f f ? w f e e t ?
fftctt I d O I tc?? A l t f c t ^ WWJW Wlf^Ct? t f f e a t WtftR wfffw f t f e 1 t a w a w e t f tttc?? w t t f t f e tjt?tsi, f ^(c%?
cftet? f c r t t f T ^ a?i Rtftf wit%ff?H f t i f t ? f f t t f r o WW?, stwjtfft t j f w t c f f , t f t r o f c t ? w t r r r t t f t f
tfttett, " c ? f i i t t H ! wtft PoiRicf wffaFt f f t t t fftifts" w t i t f wfw? ?ft Ct^Wt^ftCf ?feR Rfcg t f t t w ftftfnt I ? w ? i ^ ,
f r o t ? i w f f t c t tiew? -fftlt a f w f t f c r o f c t ( 1 w , ddv) f w t (3^f? c t f j w t e t ? (Seraphim) fftfS t f f f t f ( t T O

*fltf?1 t t f t l f i t a?i ambo, tabernacle altar i f - f f i f t i e w ? ctlRtw? fte?? f a f s f i f f f f t f s f t c w ) a ? i t f w
^t?t f f t t f i t I W W J W wt'tt f f f t t t i w t t ? t f t t f?t ?t?ltlt I ctâtit^fttew T : f s f t w f t c f a (gold mosaic) w t t fTet?i^
a t ? t r t f t e t W Ao fiS?'a w f f e f ^ -a f ^ i ^sfti? w ? t ^ a f W f f ff%5ra cftw atw? f t f w f i t I ? f ? twe?? W f W f
ttwf fftlcWt
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Contents
wmtcntfeff
W W Justinlan-'as #m?m C t n StinsRiTO -iRt RoR Asft nswt fln (-at sssttsft wm cmm S f f f o AS mt) i -at
Justinos-iîS nmfWnn W C t n AS mt I ffnswtsftn -as# AS n f s nem stR n*em mtfm-mtffn fftm
mtfn cmsmn wttfnw fîmn w t mn m^ffen tt^fnlnw -ant n^ Atm mt^ i f^nfcws f? mn?m t n n n ^ fcs
fln I ff^tftn nmttWn fnfnw tfnai ? R (Sanctuary) fnfnnfn f f s ssnffêmfn mm a p s j t f n w n fnnm wnn^
wf?w I tme^ f M "^cw fsms w t AtsicA m:sft S^ sffwm ssenn i f f n n -af%m nttns f f s n n w m mas m t w t f ten
mtfw fnt (iconostasis) mt mm nfew f w n n m t t n f f n fAtmn mtnfnmtf (mm. Frahn and Mehren,
mm I Smn mm nftntc? cnf sgtwf (cibomm) mm stmn St. Petersburg 1865, 227) fAm f f f W f n f t f ^fesm
m^fmnnn ffw f w f^fntcf i Justinian-ian nnn SA* wn nmfft WtA'nm (ibid., viii)-iiin c n m n Sfs ffss f s m
fcmft* (ntmm wtn fwnft ffwtn mtn fnc^n nfnm f f w ) ^nt w r f t mat f t f ^ wtm entffnm nsm Sesn nsRnte^ i f m n
ioo mnn#t flenn I ntnntftn mgtwj stn s^ntn mi fc^ mtm fnnnens - a f t Scimmtm ssm -at, ffwrft wtam fnntfln - a w m
cntffntn ns^^min ntnjt v o o fln nfnm mfnin nsm An I cnsfwe^ ntms fA -assft wscmnss (mntntfn) mm enftw fln i
naf& An cnfnn (Basil)-iiin nnn mtm cntfnmt--s[n ststn W f n m nsm AS, tm mm ffwtnA c n f s^tgtwcfs ftnftcss
fAmmm n t W mnn nsm An i A^ mmtmn, s-irb ncn f|cwn fftosCAl
ansft mtm wfnwtn nsen *fnm ffwntfln i naf& Sm ntmn snst^ ntns ^tes fstmn t s n nrwfwt (mm. Defremery
nsnttmflenn (wWnmm ff%nfn^ n^n wtcfn nsntmm mn -8 Sanguinetti, ii, 434) wtm cntffnfn ?tfffm nfnm nfaistn
wtn^'sfn nsnw nnen fnf^w Atsifin; f . A. ivi. Se^ nsesn, wtnrtF t s n ntstmrt (g.)-n mn fnR mwt fntsmn--as
Schneider, Die Grabungen im Westhop der mmw wtt nfnm smm nsm AS i Atrium--an f f ^ fnssn stmn
Sophienkirche, Berlin 1941, 32ff.) i iAoS f. t n n ntwfwtn stmn f l w f I f f n cwtstnwten nfnnte^, fmess
ntftnfn (^ênwm) nswf w f f ^ e m f n f#cnn nnn ff#ft f?!fn fwwcs stest f s e cmsm AS ntt I s t e n t s wnf?w ; f c t n
mtntfwnswtcn fwst^ An i nnn tm fnfnwten f ^ Atmfin, n f c n n^wtf Atsts wtent (fwR t A t Sean nsfnste^) ntfnew R R
wnn Smn nffg cftmwfA ntai^fn f^nmStenn me^ wsf n ^ AteS't m, nsnw t A t t f ^ snnn i
ntwm Smcnn cwtwn ftatmcn nrnmn nsm Atmfin, wstifn Sm f#Ri nmt w f f ^ f n nnn fnenn (AS> cn, is^-s) wmt
stmn ftwt fwn mwntcfn ntwi fwcne^ ?i-t5ticf fnfffs fln i wiaisDn wmm ffwm nem fntnn nsRntfIn i wtAtenn f? f f ^
-at ntnt mwj nrtfns f R n f r mm Atmfin wtm ntnntftnenn fln, wtnnet -ann -ans cnnfpon wtffom ^sten fnR ffsfRfn,
nnen m^n^ twtfew ntnftw i t w t f n ststmen stmnneRm Constantine the Great--an s fn wsfnn Aten
b^fiif f7 nsm An, ff?nnw f^ ft^fens (wing) mftcss f w wiAtenne^ fSnwen wtmenn -af%t? cnet f f f ^ ^^Resn i
^tew S^-s stt mtn^ mm nnfw nsm ^^mf^ I ntAf At^, God--an fcsn nnwtfR ^f-fn^'f ^Rn -ant
fnftn cnnwn fnnnen ntnntftnenn n n n w mtm entfnsmn fwfnAsn cntwmess ntftn ssfnm -^^nicn fRnw ssfsn i
'siw3enn ( W n*fnt ^ An m i fnftnenn nem ststn w n m tnn sfwj^nf^fn -at fffa tten cmn n^mewn nsm f ^ nsesn mt,
w t (124 ff; trans. G. wiet, Cairo 1955, 139ff) -^t nR-a sftnt -itsif nnt ^stm stress i ffsfcnn nn ttn-t**! ^ t
ffgfm ffnn n4nt fnmenn i ^ -stmrnn A!i>o/i5.oA-!i>oo-ian fnens fsffn stent fnenn, wen wmt n'Rtfntf wt'je^ ncAi
fff flenn, 9^ f f n f m n n4nt nnn twtfew cmn nnen f ^ fwmfnn wtmn tfsR fmnn nsfnenn -ant ttnnnsf
wff^5cmfcnn Atm tnn ntAm nrnns 4<p f ^ n f n n4m '^cw f A m wfntRfnnA -a^ wt^ttAS nên wnnw ênn i
stAn nsfnntflenn irnntnst^wfc^ -at wi^tfnw cnnn n4m cnn -atsien nsnfnftnm -s wtffnnm--an nfms tîntenn Sewn
mt I -atwttfn^mc^Rfnmm-nnfmfn-'Swm(fAs.ffStt)nfnm Stnffw^^n I
Scan nsesn, ff? f f n ntnntftn ngtttn f f ^ fnens wtnnmn f f s f c n n mR wfsif f f f s wmes Sc^mmtm ffssft
m S<mn fnnenn cttwtntmn snnn n4m fnsicA-t i -at Sfne^ mff ^ n I ntenn mnesn estnn^pmn (mosaic) mm sjtfm
fnfnn fwnfenne^ ffwm (nsnw f?t^ atrium-'a) ntm mens f^ntnnfA fcttfww ^ntfln-ant ntm fss fmftwtenn ffss&
m-sm At?ilfln -ant entmen fmm nffse^ fmnn fnntflenn f5snsief sffnmn '^w, wtm fnn ne'R fnwnn wsstcn m^
lilt nfnm f ^ t A nffse^ f f f t f w m ' (ibid. 125) i -ansft ffwn (cneAf Ewliya Celebi fnfA"TnmtA, i-ia
n'ifnt Rets -es^f f41 f f n Sesn fsntcm, ntwftn (nsnw cnf^ mosaic-ian fiian w m , f n nsn Smn nsw^ft f A m nnn
wc<)--an mfs fness m%ennfttAmenmnnt^ nubf-^w fIgfnWt wfrt nnt t m f ^ ftmm fln) i fentRwnsf -a wmt
tnmf fnêw
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WMCtfelT
ctmw? twrcfsi Cftffw wsffw f t f f wm a t i 'jffict? w t ? ^5tcw t w t t t 3 ? f W f C t ? (baptistry) f ^ tf^

t ^ f t l w w w (Bema) #rat C f W . T t t l W f f t tltltl^tt? teffe^ttw:trtfTi I
ffwf'sff c w r w e t t f f f i t , f f ? CttCTS W f f f ^ t t t W W t f t w t ? -5^4 f t t f (i'iiAo-ife8o)-a? W w f f t e t w r t t w t e ?
tffew T?l, f f w f t w c t t f f t -^cw f f w t t f c f t (Wing) ctcf? f t ? 5 ^ # ? t T I I fwft ? w t t f f ? t ? fttnw ffTffw
ffCf WWt tffcwt, f ^ i c t ? f f C f W T I f t f t f g w f - a ? t t t (Bicakdji) r w f t w w cBctf r r f f r w t t f t f t f s f t ? f ? f
^c t r f t a t s t f f f ttîffffs w ? t i f f t t r tfw f 3 W ? , t i t f f i c t t c t t r f wwe? f f f f e f?wfe?? w t t t w r r 'si?tertrwc? f c f f t f w
tfw wtWCT, f t f i t c t ? f f t (g. Anaza and fc?? I a t wwe?? f w f ' s f t , c t t ? w t f t f w? i o a t ( t r ? o
Ju3niboll, Handbuch des Islam, Gesetzes, 84,87) f f t ) f f I a t ? i f f w w e t w i f f w a?i t f t t t ? ^ w f t t w c ?
f f ^ w c t f A t t # c t a t i f f t c t t f t tfcf" t f f f f ^ t w r w f t f f e wftr^^ftfcf t f f f f w . ? # r ffwc? t f f w ? T W a?i
tfffo I w t w W t wtff, f f f t f ? T W f f f w t w f ? t i t j f ffwt fTTf?tc? f t f f e t t t wtfw? t f w ? w t ( a t wtft cwfcttw
w t ^ t f T f f f f t fc??, w t f t f f w w ? f f ^ ^ t w ? ffWttfC?? -ttff? t t r f t W C f t f t f f f ftttfe; f . r f f T ^ - W f ' C W f t . it.,
StttftvS f f f f f f t f C ? ? I f f f ? t f f t f ^ f f C f f ^ wt^, 8) 1 t t f i i e f c t t t t t f t ? a f f t w f f wr^swtff f f f ^ ? f t r c ? 1
f ^ - f f cttct? f f f ? f f t t t i t a?i f w ? f ? w f ? f W f w t ? t r wtw Wf, w f ? W T I I f - t t t t t f f ^ l e t ? (apse) f ^ tfCf
^^5^ f t t ? W f f I t f t t ? W W t t ? e ? t f e f*it*f ( W f f T ) t f f t t fCf? I t t t
f t w t w f ? f W f t t f w f i t ? f f t i w c ? ? w f f f t ? t w?? I t i T ' f f (iioo-isff8) ffw? w f w? f f f w f l c t ? ttwet?
t t t w t t c ? ? t f f w c r t t f S c t t aFft>sft t f f t f w w At?lf?i, t r f w f c w ftwte?? cftw w f i r t f e a t t f t c t ? (loggia) w ? j
f f f ctt'^ff? t i w ? f T t I a w r f w f f ? f w ? t g f c w f t c f a f f t t c T f ^ i f ? tt?w a f f t f f f j i t c t ? W W ( f w c t t f t w t
f c w f w w f w ? ?jTtrc?^s wtw? f t t w?ft? f t t r c ? i t t r t t f c f ? t m t ) , f ^ ffCf c w w r t ? (ttr?w) a t i tefrtft
t c t t w c ? ? f f f c t w r w ? wrct fwff ^ c f w stwc? t f f t f C f ? wwjwe? a f f t f t i w ? f f f t c ? ? ww 1 we?
(Alabaster) f ^ WWtf? f t t ? f C ? ? i t T T f ? t f f t i^ffo t C R W f w t w t ?tt?ie? ct, f f t i ? t t t t f w c f ? wwjwc? a f t t
fttf? t f f f t f ? t w t I f f f ^ f t w f ^ w t w f (WtwtW) f f ? f t f t t fwf%? f t ? t f f f e t t i i l f i t I ftew at'^ft WW?? tc??
W ? ? I f f w t t f f f tttWf?f "^CW f f C ? ? w f t w i f t t ? f ? W ? tf^ WWTt?fjf?Wlf I
f t t "^t a?i t r a t ? f t f ? fc? f w ? t f T "^t ?tr t T B T C f f ? w t f f f f f w f ^ f f W f - a ? t t ? "^tew Wfiewr? w f f f
t f t tnsjffc?? t ^ t f w ? t f t w t f w f f -^tw I w t ? w t w r r f t w t w c t ? tc^ tesf t t t w c f ? ?wtic?wet? ?nfrc? wtwc??
t w t t f t c f ? WW ff f t f f w f i t I w f ? f T f ?^ w f ?rc? t w t W f f f ^tew W C f I iV8f (. f t w t w t f t w f f
ffwft? f f c f c t ffffw wfâftcf ^ f t f Q w fftwflctt I t r ? t t f w f t t ? w i f f f c t t c f fiffw t f t ? w i f f f f w t r c f t t f f e
trrt f i t do a t (tiftff w c t ivf-Ô a?i Tfct? f c t t r f t f f w t f l W t W ^ fffw fwtwfc? ffftt f f f t t ? fftfw t t t f ? Fossati
f i t I t r ? f C t ^ ? C ^ ? f t f f t t w f t t f f ? Blthynlan brothers-Cf f t t f t f f w f t f c t ? 1 a t Wcw f t '^'^'^
Olympus-a? f f "^tcw WWCf? t f f t s r f f - f & T w ? c t r f ? W f f t I c t t c t t fte? t f t r i f t f fstaw f i t wtrct ^?fit f r
fftcw tfffcw? I T f ; a w ^ t f w f r w ? ff f f t f f e ?r? cf?ftft w r e t ? f^
c r w f f w r f ? f f f w c f t t f w c f ? f f e t f w t w ^ trsftft cft?? ffftw t l t f I f t s t t w t o t t ? ^5tcw t f t f f W t ^ ^
f t W f t C f ? t t f f t f t c t ? i t r 3 f f e f T ? WW W?S T f I f t w t ? f f f ? f ? c?ft r r fstaw f w f ^ 1 f t w t ? t ? i f f f t t f ? W W f r ?
w f c t ? twffit tftctw tlftt I f r ? f a w f ? fttf f r ? f f f t ^ t c f ? t f w c?twe? 2fW ^ t ? f t f w t l c t ? , w r t f f ^
cfta w f ? f r r r t c f c t t fte? W f ? f W T f i f t w ? w f ? wi I r t r f t ? waiewt? f t ? i f r s ^ ^ www f w t t t f
f T W C f ? ii* w ? w w a t w c ? t w f f f T f I f e ? f f f f t c ? ffet? f W W f f f f f e t f t t t f t t j f w ' t t t w c f ? t f t ffwe?? t i w ?
f f i w t t ^ f f W ? t t t f f w t w T^ni ^ w j f c t t f f w ^ t e t W t ? f T '^trtlt I r r "^ff, c t t t f w t t t f ? f t f f t t c f wtrtw
w s w w i f w ? WW a f f t f t f w t w f f f f ? w r c t t w I f f f t t fttte?? wt? i & f t ? t ? t t e f 8 f 5 f f t r ? W f t t w f f t ? f r ^ r f ^ 1
ffwe?? t ? "^cw c t t f f t t t twtf??iet ?j?r? f f t w c?t t f f ? f t w f ? w t f t - w f t c f ? t t ? Twftrff t f f t ? f f t w w t t r w
baptistry ( t f f a tfft w f f f t t3C?? f t ? ) - c f a t f c w t ?r?re?? w t c f t f t f f f cttffe w t t t c t t w w ? f t f W W ' cttfftr? tetr
w w t A t f r t ? i f l t t t f l t narthex (niTw? ffwt? w?f%^5?w f t f f e ?t?ttlt 1
f c w f c f ? WW f f f ^ f R ) - a ? f f w t tfe< i t f f f f l e t t t t cttwfctr? f f t ? , t f t f w r f f t f w f t t wt? f t f c * f w f f f w
f f w r w ? W f ^ f f W ? t t ? i f t e f ' s cttftc? W f ? f W T T I T f r t I t r w ? f t f w ? fftew T I , tw? W W cft?e?? w f f w f
ttwf fffCflt
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W f CT#?n W f cnffeff
wsT nnnf If nmt f n wst nnen f f i n n n w n , f f n f m n

nfnntftntt f f t % H i t R?tt ft?n%?R mt wm w t -afnntmnm wenn nsesn, ffslfn n w mttfnnn w f ^ f n ^ S^
-it Rtm cnlft (ffw*t fitnt fRew w<(?-o sftRm-a) t t ^ t n -aft f?twt fnntn nsRe ^cn i ftw wca, f f R R w (m^)
wmrni cnfif W T O f n R n ntnt ntnmn cnnt fnntrA i n n w stew mwt ?nfw wfnm Sff?w An i f f n mfnn n nfs
w^n ^cw wmf wtn Re^ n^s ttc atntft nf? nnfsfnftn c^ffflmn wm 8o -an (ieo -fS) ffnrnn rnm nsRm ff% ?ffn
tens f n w n R'Psr?? nRnt w f f n w as i nsnw fnntn nnn wns w n i wsgmr ffw mwt f?fwt fnftn nsfnm
i S i o t o f f m n f'siwn f^fwlf -sntntn cnfnftn f 4 ntmcnn f f n nnrnn w n nRm wnaff wcA I n n ntnn ntnw w t t f n f t
w n n fnenn, tm nRm^fcnn mRf %5wn cntw Snn m nsm wm'f w ? t n fln i cnn f f s ?'mw f^Rm w e n n -ant ffw ?tnn
A t s i l A t 1 f m m arcic^ n^tcA -ansfnn -at w n n wmnff w n I tm f t w wcA, est Renn mem ntenn atcn tm
nsRcn I . fnf^w Sm (atfwfc^ m a t w 'nfnw nten^' Mermer
<iiiiiiiin men nnn 'Smm' mwwttt<Ff 'mmcnn ntmcnn Madeni) fnfw^ emn ^tcw wm Atsifin i mm ncffsStwmRft
wm nncm Atcn, wnn nnfwcnn f f f s t fswnss ^ i m (cmntf )--an wm 'mf' (n?w Sm mnmt nstenn f | n
W t f A n t n t c n n nnn (fntcsn cnwn=6f ncn) nrnnrncntA^^^ i mefn at^n) cmcA w (Mount Kaf) ttew wfnstfin nfnm
t f w t t n ^fmiT?^ f w n c n n f ^ m f t n r a ) f t t m w f f ^ f f s wcA) nm AS, fAt nswt'sfn fA" (W)--an wtmewn
f n w I cnt ntlafcw f n w nmntcn ntfnn stntRn c n t A n ttcw at?w sant" wtfn cw^ntcnn -a w f f W f (wnfnnfw^)--a
ntntrnn-ian mfatcw w f t rnnrn^-wn-ia ( f f ^mfnn cwcsfn), fntnmn (W) tAm enfsnfCAS wm Smrnnmn^^^Rmflcnn i nm
nntcwf f n ^ mt?^ m n f f w ^j^ i f n n f n%mnn w t -at AS, Smew -o-3so,ooo ?4f^ (affftn fnr -0-^0,000 ffcntR)
Snncns wnnn fnewn, f f ? f n w ffSfs ' w n f n - A i f n cmm mfnw Atmfin 1 nmn wfntttn--an e%if nff^ ftsiffsm
nmtmcnn n n i n f nnen nnfwcnn f w wm atn^fcnn wm Wfnn [ntffftA (n)--as <asswn nnnmff^ -a cmmr fmjl--as n n n
f f r s n I -at nnen f f n ntf^ nRm*fnnnen nfffÂ (n)--an ffsfft wtfwt tftosifin nfnm nsff wca, f f ? -at mf^ n t n ^
fmHmnffn f w n w afm*fcnn wm f m n f n f ntnens mffn fc4 fnneg Sm fngfnftn nsenn 1 ' w f wn-'wntf tnnm nfsw
cntmcnten wfnewn (m-an-t fnntntw-t f^tnnn-t m'wmw) i wt-antff - t f nwmfwfm m\ wm cmtfsi nmn fmnnm--an
ffsfenn mnmftw fen f f n n ntnnt^ttn mnenn cnn nnn Rffo atmfin I tnnrn wmt atmn S f n ? n w ' w f (The
nw'sfncw f ? f f i t n atfn -^fn -ant t m n nnemt^ mm c n t fat) I f w ^v *fn, i<j--5j<j-]--an wfen ^fsw -a -a^wn f^*f^
nnsn wnaffwn S-sn ttntfln w t m afAn nsfnm fnRm w m n (Flugel. Kat. der Kals, Holbibl, Vienna, iii, 97)
WtAtem ffnntfww nsenn i wm cm f f s in -ansmR tfAm (wm flenn 1 nnatsm n t w n s.no/i(i--3}^--s nenn 1 f t ntnn nen
cntffm 5r?tmn, nt -soa*) f f i f n f A t m e n n wenen ffsfnfw a r ? W w ^ f n wRsfnstssn fnns Smew ntentwn nsenn -ant fw^
atenetn w t R w f f c n t W A m m t n n W A m m w n - f n t f nsw-{3ti./i<j--bi-A) ^^wns f f mnm wjRw A t m f i n i suppl.. no 1546; m-sstft-t fnwinfwfst "sm wm cntffm
nnfwn c s e n f n (mm. Flugel, ai., ii-b) new cwitffnn -s -am mf-t f t W f t w , in Pertsch: Catalogue of Turkish
f f l w ? f f T ' w f t n n f A T m n w n - f t f ( g . ) ^wf smnS-s? Manuscripts of the Kgl. Bibl. Berlin, no 232.
ntmw wmRtffof^fn -a^mR m t f wtnm R f f a ^ fln i ntm Fourmont--an W ' a -a^mR m f f f f WeA, Cat. cod.
st^,-at'f?mR fmw-am? w f&f%w w t rnn m 1-a^wn cnntf man Bibl. Reg. 319, nt i s n , i ) 1 -at ft#fRf Wfntes wtm
cnnns ^^w^ lrl^l^/i8b^^^-8 ntcn Rtffs w -a^mR wtm wca mm emffm nff^ SnwRnlf-s nrnntnen ?mw tnntfn (fAtmn
-amt Staatsbiblithek Berlin-a (Ms. Orient .821) wf*t^--an 3e?Q) wss fnf^ Atsiflt 1 mnmnwfen nfne cfen
f n ^ matwj n^fs tfwAm (wt-antfn-t f m w m wtffm, Sms ennns wmw fftcw wfswn fRmsiw 1 fwR f m n ftmn
Fleischer, Kat. Dresden, No. 113, Pertch, nwffn ffffenn w e f ^ wenns cnRt fnnnn fnmtcn, w n f f n
Turkische Hss. zu Berlin, no. 237, fwn n w m:n fsfw^ wtcnm Segn f f m e m 1 -atwm wtAtess w n c ^ fAsn
fff5l--an fRfitnief nftstCA i t m f n w n fsm^w ttcn-a nnfwcnn tfwmn cntwm ncm nmssfi aftrnm f f af?snn
Stn -a f s w mtmen m i wt-antfn-t f nwimmfnm wfntcn ftnten fncnsm nsRcw as. nR-a f f n wtntenn ff^wfro nj4
-aft f?f-at cn, nmn w f n f t n tnn'wntfmm-n wmffm ntf wffsemm I
tnntf ffscw
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Contents
wmrcTtfwn wmtcttlwrf
f f f # 8 ( f ) w t t f f r o - a ? t t e t ? wtttft? f i t s f t ? tcr
wrw? f?*(??f af ft WW fct.flfeffs r^ I t f r c f W t f f f c w t r Procopius, Agathius Paulus
f ^ fw%w f ? m wrot cWfs a t f f f r o a f e SUentlarlus; ( t ) w f t f w ? t t f f f f f s w s f f ? t c W 8 ( i )
wiwfff 'srt^ ctmt fffcw?, W f ? wtww wrtffifW? ^ Pierre Gllles, De to topographia Constantlno-
fftc? WC?1?t fffwflct? ?ftW W W ? ? t ffeff f f t W o t % poleos libri iv (Lyons, 1561 t ^ T O wftfct? f w ) ;
'w??cf%f f?f=t ftwtwffw w?c?t? f f t c w c?t ffw w r o (?) c t t f , De Bosphoro Thracio libri tres
f f f W f l c t t tftw f f f e wc?, c t t f f t f t ffwf? t t J W C t ? (Lyons 1561 ? ^ Wtfct? f W ) ; ( o ) Charles du
(naue) Ctt f t ? ^C f f f ? ( W ) ffwf? f f f f t f f f f f f t f ? Fresne, sieur du Cange, Historia Byzantina,
fffcw? c f t f t t f t f5f%w f ? i ^stw I t f w t tjiwffcw a f f t fijtw Paris 1680; (8) J. von Hammer, Constantino-
%ft ( W ) - a ? cWtW f i t tffw fc5f f W wtf polis unn der Bosporus, 1, Pesth 1822; (ff) C.
f ? f i f t t e t ? f ? f t f e f f f f t c t ? f f t w a f f t f WtTtt w w s afw Fossati. Aya Sophia of Constantinople as
TI, frc ^ W t t witftft? f W a t i f w f t ftswfw t t t w e t ? a f w t recently restored, London 1852; (fe) W.
WtTTff fff?? ^tftlcWT tffw W f f f e Tf w r feat f?f ? t ? t C ? I Salzenberg, Altchristliche Baudenkmaler von
ffwff f ? w f f f t f f f w f ? ftft? f ? i w t w t r o ^ wf?ftf? t f c f Konstantinopel, Berlin 1854; ( 1 ) Auguste
attwict f t f f f e fftw ffct? ct? wttc?? f f c t s ? ft??cw f%wc?? Choisy, Lart de batlr chez les Byzantins, Paris
f f f (WW) 1 ^ ftfew T f , f f f t w w t f s , WfTO f f f S WW t t l t f ' t l ? 1883; (br) J. P. Richter, QueUen der byzanti-
f f ? (wtTW)-a? f f f t f r f f t e t ? I f f t r o f f f t f w t t f t f e nischen Kunstgeschichte,, special number of
'Wgw' (Wftfe?f) ' f w t WW??' ( t t f f ft?) ffw?w-a? Quellenschriften fur Kunstgeschichte und
ftt?ief W W T S f f f f t ; WW f t f t t f i t i c f t W f f f f ? Kunsttechnik des IVIittelalters, Vienna 1897, by
' w i t f t - w f t - a ? t t ? f f f a w>8?TCf? t c t j f C t f t t wcflff>f Eitelberger von Edelberg and llg; (fe) W.R.
f t w f f t r f i t I a t W W ? ? t f i t P i t ft? e t t f t w f f t f wtf Lethaby and Har. Swainson, The Church of
f t t f f - f t (ftro w f j f t r o t t t w ? wfct? t w twjtwtt Sancta Sophia, Constantinople; ( i o ) A Study of
f f f W f f t f f f fwt? ffwt? f t f e , w f i e r t f w f f r W f w t t w t Byzantine building, London and New York
tlct?) f f t f f f a f - f W e t ? W f f f ? t f w fftwflcwT i w f f 1894; ( i i ) Heinr, Holzinger, Die Sophienkirche
und verwandte Bauten der byzantinlschen
w s f f f f w t f f s sicwcf a t f f f t t C f t t t f t f e , a t ' f w t
Architektur (in Die Baukunst. edited by R.
WW??' f c f f w ? W f f T O c t t w f f f f tTT f f f r fe?f f f f e ,
Bormann and R. Graul, no. 10, Berlin and
wtw t f W ^ f f t f f âfCt? t f ? f C f f f # t t w ^ f W ?
Stuttgart 1898); ( i ? ) Alfons Maria Schneider.
ffWtftfe I
Die Hagia Sophin zu Konstantinopel, Berlin
iS)08 % C f t f C S ^ ftw w w t f t f W C f f ffCWT, WfW CttffW
n.d. (1938); ( i o ) a f t t f f f f t f t , f f f t f ? t t e t ? w f f f w
w? f t t w t t e t ? fffft? ft? fftfw w I f f f t fwef W f t ?
fftwtw f f f f f w e ? ? w f w ffet? 1 cwwttcf? c t t ftf'sftrcf ctt*rsft? tfcrwf f f ? ? t , r f f w ^wtt, ?'tff t f t - w t ^ t t f t ,
gtftt rot W t f W f T s^ttflt, w r f f t f ?tct wfwtfe ^ t f t i t i?Vi/ib-fe8, i f ; O-br; ( i 8 ) W t ? ^ S f f f f ? ? f lA-a?
a ? i wtTf%? t e w f f # i t f e f f e f t is.ofe wro ffteftB? tetr, ? f . , 8t-ffff ( w t t f f f f t f W t e t t ) i T?it t t ? w?Rt?
istts f t w t f f f f ctw r w w ? f?wt? f f w tatt f ? f % t t ? t f t f t ? WW gtw 8 ( i f f ) M. Izzedln, Un Prisonnier
( f r orotf f f f f e f r ? ? f f w f t f t ? ) <3 w t f ^ f f r o (ct^ c t t t f T arabe a Byzance.. in REI. 1941-6. 41 ff. Cttffe?
ffwt? f f f t i f t ? ) r r f t f e t t f e , ffiwtewffftt f w f ctf f f f f t C t t t t t ^ WW f ^ f T ?t?tC? I f t t f t f W t T R W f C f
(Medonna) f T O f f ? afft f R ? wtCttT, CtW WWW 5. (ife) F. Touer, Notice Sur les versions persance
?tew f f g f t ? W t r o fet? t t r t f f?wi? f f w f t f t t tftrfs? de la legende de ledification d' Aya Sofya, in
f?wt) ftfiTtr?i7 t ' ^ ^ wwtrow a f tairit? wettr Melanges Fuad Koprulu. Istanbul 1953, 487 ff.;
(Leo vl? Wtw f ? t ? w Basil 1, f. A. M. Schneider In (i<T) c t f f , Les versions persanes de la legende
orlens Christianus ifeoff, Iff-lfe) a t i f f f c f C t sur la construction d' Aya sofya, in
W t f W f f ? ffwe?? t e r f t t f C t f ? s i f f f f f 1 Byzantinosiavlca xv/L 1954, 1-20.
t t w f ft'Scftt
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WM cttff
C t l f t i l l ^CW ^ H l f f t ? ) W^ MMM ^ f l t W M Ctltf^l ctwcf c t t t t r o t (Melazgerd) ftwct? (ioii [.) t ? t T O

(Kucuk Aya Sofya) w t f f s i t t f etlBftuli ftffe a ? l f t ? f f 'SttTtTftf? Ct f f t a t t t w f f e ^ t t t f i t ,
f W t t f Saint Sergius ^ Saint Bacchus-a? f c w f Dorylaeum-a? ftft t t t ifCtTOet? tfwc?? f C t t r o
f i t f f t f ^ f l f l t Iafit t ^ afit wtfw ftftfft'itc t w t t e t i ? i t t f t i ^ t t g f e s t j ? t w ? f t t c t f f t t t i r f t f wiro
t t t t e ? ( t r r f f i t w f f w i f i t ws rot sfttffe At^tc?) ffef? t f % t Wfttefftiro t f w r o (Aegean) f t f t f f w f f r cftc? I
^pnwt-a? f s f T O wtitft (wwsfc?? w f f w t f ^ ) ^titt wtft atffc? w t r r w t r c t ? ctwfc^? wftc? f g f g r w t f f t ? f c ?
t r c f a f i t t t f w f t f f e l f f f c ? t a t i w t t ^tc t W c f a t i Ephesus/WM c t i f f wt?ft rcstj? wwfas ?? i attic?
t^'=fticf f t f t i t f f w t f i t t c t t w t j t f f t t Atîc? I o r o t f i f ? W i f ? wi?f? t t f f f t f ? c ? c t ? t e ^ . t f ? ^ ' f ; ^ t t w f i
f r 'jstc f f f w f f t Bjt'tt t|st f f f c f t rot ftffe '^?nf^ I te& I tif t w f w a t f s ? t e ^ f ^ wife?? t W f f i t a?i W M
K. Sussheim-FR. Taeschner (E.I.2) / c t i f c f c o t f t M 3 o s i e r o i ? f t s ? t w f t f w t f i t i iofei f f t w t ?
f ? w T ftrtw wif wittiff ffet? r r f t W f t f ? w t s f t c f f ? r e w j f w w ^ f f t e t WM
.WfTirt C f T ^ (djJj-u. I_ji) s wttt f f f ; Wttt f f f , c t t f f ttt?ie??,t ' f ? r f t i t e t ? wftc? wict i f f f i8oA f
Wttt^n (Iff tR w t f t fffjCtTQt ^ t C f 1f5[ w r r f f t?ifw ^tet f f ? t r e f w t r o w i ? f ? ?icwj?
(wt)-a? a f S R W f t i f , t t f t ffettt t f r ^ tffe f f t w i f ? f t e f t f T t r c t f I iSAff ^. f f t ? f f f ? f t t c t ?
t w f f w , ttft a t t t w tft f1fct a t i a t f t c t t f s t t t t fC3t) i t t t r t e t W M c f f f ifiwwtc? f ? r f ttftcstt? w w ^ ?? i
t t J f C t ? tt-5tJ ( t t t t t t ) t t f W t f C ? W f t C W f f C f t (Altoluogo) f? ^ c t r w t t f ? f i t w i f (fftt)-a? ( t t e t wtttcttf
ttet f ^ r t t f e ^ t f t t t e ? i t f t t e t tW (ifeis 'fste^t t t t r r >a te? W i t f ? ffttc?) a f t t ' f t t i ? f c t :5ftrarf wiftfcc? I
îtc) c t t ^ (Seicuk) ttet t f t f f e i t r witfefftiro tf=5t f c ? fte? W M c T f f ? t w ? ^ c r c f a t i f f f t c ? t r o W f f t
f t f C t W t f ^ a f i t c?f5 f ^ I <pf<|t t i f (Koressos t i T C f t a f f t ftct? w f f e t ? I t r o a f t t f t ? t a t ct, Kaystros t f ?
t t t e t C f w t f t fiStf Cttewitt = (Kucuk Menderes ) fCt? t l ^ f c t ftftg f t e f e f f f t t f t t t f f e tt^lc? I f C t ftft?
[ttftt Kaystros] t % f t C t t t f t f t t f t t Ephesus ^"^m t t w t f f f Wtttet ffttw ^ f f f f ? ttitttc? I wt?,
t t w e i f f t e ^ ( W i t t c f e t i f t t f t t wiw f t t l t e f w i f f t ft f f f t ft?t, t f f t ? f f t j ? f t i v s i f ? f f f i t I
tiet f e a t f f t t t t i c f t ) oi.d-ff f ^ wwfiet, A I . A O f f stftro a t fie?? f i f t ? f e g t c r t r f f f f k r ? t c r ?ft?ie?
t r W t f f W I t f f f e t t r t t t f t w t s f t c t t t t t c t t tte^ W t f f W i Ephesus-a? w?|t?ctt, f f t j t f r g t ? ffwt (Basilica)-a?
t r ffwtf ( t t i f t t e t e f ) f t r ' (cwtf)-f w w f e wftft ffe!? wfti?ett a?iwi?f? t t f t f t t t t e t f ( f f ? ^ i f f t w t f ? c t t
t f f t r (ftewtt)-? t t ? t f ? I f t f t i f f w f f ? c t t f t c f tXt? f f c f )-a? ftffe w t f f f ? t t f w t r r r f f t c f ? f t t t n t f w e t ?
Cttf^ltlt f?t A.sfeo (V. Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asie, t f f t ? fftt Attlfl*! I f c f ? f t r f Panayir Dagni
iii, 505-a? f l f Wftte?) I ifeoff % tTO C t t f t l t i f 8,oAff (tifttfict? Pion)-a? f t t e t c t c t t 'srtt .wtwa ctff ro, tf
(ffitf f t r o c t t f t i t j t f l f ii,vife) I tjt%5 c t t r ? tf@ ? f t r e ? ( w t t T t f t - f t T F ) t t t r f t f e
t t t f c t w t r c t t f f aftt ffctt. f f t ? ? f i t i tf? wtc? I f f ^ p f f t f f t r e f f t t t f f f c t ? a f t t j f t t r o
r w f w i (loo/iooo t i c t t r a i t t f f s t t ftftif?ct*i) t f r f c ? t ?ftre? I a t t t i t f t t f c f t f t T f , t f ? r t (wt) attic? t t r t
(t??ti, A t . , OOb- t . ) , t r : ? ? te??tt f t f f?R a ? i t r f t f e w ? a?i a t t t e f t fwft t t f f f f t f c ? ? ( t t t M f t f f ) i
Kaystros t f ? fe?.w?ff a f t îp^^ r f f w i c f ^ f i t I t i f t f f f t e t t r a f t t ffftOT t f t f ^ r e ? a t i f f t??t?
cttfte? wtis? w t j i t j f c t ? r r o f i t i t??tt? t f f t ; ? f i t a t f R t f w a f t r w t ffftf ?sf?r tfttew i
f ^ Kaystros t f ? C t t t r o I t t T f C t ? t t t t f C f Kaystros .? (i) Le Strange, 155; ( A ) W. Heyd,
t f ? t f t t t f t rot t r ?^ ^?tr ro i w w a ? Ephesus-a? Geschichte deb Levantehandels f . f f f t ; (o) w t r t f r
t f t t c f iff ftsctttfti? t f w t - f ^ f t c f w?ff ( t t t f c t ? t t w w j cpctft, ftftt^T tttt?, fef., ios f.; (8) t f t t r r - t fttrr-t
??ttfe? r r e f Scala nova ttet f e g t f T Attic?) w t f f t , ioA8/ifeob-; ( f f ) Ch. Texier, Asie Mineure, ^.
f t t t f ? cttwiafct? f ^ ?tew t i c f 1 ifeSff f t r o w f i t i t O i O t . ; (fe) A. Philippson, Reisen und
fltff,88Al Forschungen.im, westlichen Kleinasien, iii, 87
Ephesus t f w 'Wt?te<i? W f t ? T ^ r f i t a f t t t t f f e ff.; (1) A Grund, Vorlaufiger Berlcht uder
t j t r o (ib-Vifeb-) I w f R t w t c ? t t t ^ f f T ? W f t t wratttct? physlogeo-graphlsche Untersuchungen im
t t t t f ftfcfit
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Delta-Gebiet des kleinen Maander bei AJasolug , f s t ntnnmcw j-îs-^-^ J ^ - J I J oj^ i

(Ephesus) [SBAW] (SBAW, Vienna 1906, cxv fnwtenn wtntwsR ntfnn A^sntn ftntes cstftc fnw^g ntft -s
241-62, 1757 ff.) (b) Besim Darkot, cograft ntmff I -at f t t ^ mfsmfw t ^ mststw twnft ijtns wcf nrsAw
arastirmalari, i t . , t> t . ; (i>) IA, ii, etot. (Besim AS I nm ( i ) nn wtmwcss n t f s m sts mm ftwscwn f c s t
Darkot); ( i o ) L. Massignon, Les Fouilles A t ^ m ten, sm fnwnsnen w t m mwtfn fnm--an nnn nwtn
archeologiques d' Ephese et leur importance ntfnn AtstfAt i est wimweR csnn nmen m w l w n t n w n ntfnn
religieuse, in Les Mardis de Dar El-Salam, ststcA tm m f s ncA, mmft-s ncA i (A) m f -& nn wtsiw mm
mm i S x J i %, i t . ; ( i i ) Les Sept Dormants n w t f t "mAtn-s nft nmR csnn t t n c ^ ntfnn ttmfln -ant
d'ephese.... in REI. 1954, 59-112 1955, 93-106, mrnff-^nn wtntw mm nftmntftnttnc^ mfnn s t m f i n I (o)
1957, 1-11. fAWScs fesnttsnfw wtmwejR n t f -s ftwscwn tcs ntfnnfw
Fr. Taeschner (E.I.2) / -a. m. îW. m^ mm f * t wtsiwsR smus ntfnn stents mmft i -at n f t jjAtemm i
-awmfw wts^s sts>ise-on WTCA i nm A'imft (<^_>..^) wsftt fCA
^sftKT (<î) g 'mmt WTR wmmw, tms w < s w t j
wn?innncn mfnn, mmtft (uji^) mms nncn ntfnn, n-mf
1m^, I F ^ wtm f'Rm ( w m t f w ^ ) wtm f^wims sm^ i
i^_îur,) Hwict ntfnn, t^'trnff ( ^ I J L ^ ) fwnnen ntfsn, atntft
cmn t ? fsfnms tms m Rf*fn wc< tm mwo A f i -at fs^
( j i i f n m m n ttfnw wn?in ntfnn, m-sft i^y^) f n s wn?tn
fsR^ isfcss '^c mcs; nm wmrss w1%f wims m^ stmcts
ntfnn, wtmft (^_^ j i) f f c ^ mfnn -ant mmft (^ji -...)
w m msm f f t w -aft fmp*fn wtm fscts f t -a^ -assft
^*^cmcs> mfnn i enfn wm-twss-m, i t . , i o t . ; wtAtmft,
tmT'^fnsict tm?w w t AtsicA i f f w s m ntm m f s m r i m i w e
nnmntf t n t w n t A i f f n - f f n , f m m m ib-bA f., i t . , ioa t . ;
f&!^\s w t stntc? wmrsw ^ t S # S T S mw m - a ^ wimw m
f n w t A m - m'wtm, At., Aob; m-sf^wtfn-tff, At., i-bt.) i
fmHnsict i n%-nifncns f'fwm wimcns maim smtfmft fmHn r
liiwmfw wtntw -"mft tnmn wcsf-s rnn^w ttsicA i tflrftw wtntwrn^ wnim? tnmenn ^ t ftnten ^ GJtftcw R s ^ I nm
n w we< m*tft f s w i m ms^w t t n t c f (enfn fnntfn-wmin, fAnnntw -s fwtttfnAtw -ant -at fnwtetn t e g t f s w m ( o g
ibrt., f. i-b-b; 'wtfnm, nnfn) i mfnwifn^ we< wtntw nfnew ci)--a-s m-sm ntn i fA'^rtw cnt nn wtntw ntmenn w f f t t ,
ent sis>jes= fnnn ntmn -ansft wtns -s -ansft nntf^ wtef -ant fwttlfnAtw, ntAtenn w f f t t ncs i cttntn wtntw-sR
fnwtenn esnn-s fntn nem t m fnnmm i w m m n t ^ wfstft c j i ^ - L i i i ( w - s R f s m Ettcn wnf?w -ansns AS^P m
wtntw ffnwtens -Snw w t n ntms 2flss f n s f ste -astnntf^ Ass>niilt)--an m i tsfcnn w f f t t ncA ntnm tstcnn mttrt
t s n f ^ e w f n f ^ (enfn wmnsi nmiA, fn^pwtfn'- m'wtm, -a^tffss stt tten (enfn w m - t ^ m . A t . , i ; fnnswt^m-
Aisnsimn ioAJ* R , f . A < M ; m-sf 'wtfn- t f n , tî^n i-sio m'wtm. At., As>i; m - s f w r ^ - t f f . At., s>i) i
R , At., f. otr) I fssf t m n t ^ n t W sjfwnFn nsenft A S ' F n t f f f t A (n)--an n n n t wtntcws n t t n ttm w t Atsifli;
nnft ffwtntwniet fffwitmsnt ^Ji ( A S i ) (n s i ) fswtcn t ^ ^tntcA, "tmss wtfn ewtmcss ntntntn wr^f%s m f t
-a^-aft wtntwniet nm, wts i (iA s i ) f < wtntw nes i tAt WRttW( ) -s nmn f swm fnstfl" (i<j s bn) i
mft cm f<f w <fitmnnn:n m -ann w ^ mnnnft f^ wtntwniet mmsnntctn nc tAtew fnt ffwA-tn atR t f ^ mn stmcA ntm
nm I nm f n t rniRmew ^ jj i cj^î i f n t wtn-ntAmn--a ntntcw mtm wtfR w t AS i -at fftn nfnmowtcn m f t
(e<5- s -bS) nmnft ( n ) entmen i,_fJL^>;) -at'sfnn (I ,) wtntw wtcA I AfftA ^stew-s stmff A S , mffmA (n)-ian
wtff% 'sfnm ntmm (m)-e^ f*t^ fnnteAn entmen -at'sR sffw f n M t n f n w m n t f c n n wtntes nttrt fn=fn w t Atsifit i
At^leA I wtms w R f t n wtntw w n nm 8 s iA), -annR wrqsfts nmn-ifc n m stntcA, f f t wm-nr^-mrc A b i f t
f4 -a^ f ^ (nm A ? Ab-A) f w t sftstCA I wtntw wtcA I t s n 'wrsmn (m) ^te n t f s AtmcA, wfn^tets
nc f s w m m f e n s nttnnfw ctn w t n t f t mc^ nmnft ( n )
ncnn, tmess wm-ntss-mm Avown wrsrcwn ten n f t n t w r
. X T ^ <<(_oji-Q
'wtnesn fnR^ wt5enn mtft (^^ f n w m m ^ ) - t t fnwtenn
wtstwsR'ptRnt ( ^ L L ^ U i ) w<ftt cAn fs^ mm wtmw nttrt fnnmt nsfsntcAn i f f t e n s new -at nttrt Âo-b
tmmn tsf^ -stm ttess i wtntw--an ctn mms ctn Asnsc^ ( f s t w AS, tm ASSW w t f (m)--an t R , t m t mmntw f f t w
mfn-ntn A S S * s m ^ I nm ^ wm-^ptfwsrtc "mRmn "ssns nw], nnntnrftenn new -ssAi-fe, fnfnmnrftenn new - J S A ^ O , t n m t n
t n m f t Rsicsnn
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toil
swtAs I sênfnm wtntemfnm Sws ?icnt f n w

ne toAiA 'WfftA tnn n m ^ (ni)-ian ne Aiv; Asm wSfs ni%t, "Sff ff-w-t'f ffftn mA-fn--as mwfsnen n^
f t m (m)-'iin neto^toî wmtews wtss e c*m cmms, -at wtmn Sfntff mnn ntan nrtmcs 'cncs-cnfn (dere-beyi-
mm nee'is w e n ntmm -atsin w m AtmcA i mn mftn) [g.l-cnn wfssn wffm mnn w n , wtstm wen^
st?r#t s ame^ t f U f s .st^stfit, <iiw#o enfn (i) fsf-ft, mm fffnsnn fnwtness wsftAJ ^^fett ffs fnmmfm cwntnfCA
wtn-wtfn' ft wtA'snlnn-fsw, in., (?nn; (A) f i ^ , t^'m, sTfw ff^ rnftnm cmn n^ffiwn, nfn-s mnt fwnncn
rnn in., iS., AV, (JJJ., -JSA, -JJO; ( ) Fleischer, Kleinere timff cnntntftffn wm Im nt^tA ^Rm fnm nrnnm
schriften, it.,toiS.,A'tf^ A; (8) Jaffery, Foreign nsffwn I tmenn nem nntc'wt Scgmmtnr m f ^ flenn
vocabulary of the Kuran, p. 72, 73; (e) A Spitaler, nsnw mn-snm nf [f.] (stfwm:^ wtAte* -as^wn wtnm nm nm
Die Verozah-lung des Qurans, 1935; (to) C. A m I fwfn flenn -asswn wtmnfa), <ii*isi<!>nis fn-wrsn mm Is.l
Keller, Das Wart Othals offenbarun-gszeichen (wtms #senn n5et wrnrn m) -ant enenn--as tnmtn'
Gottes 1946; (n) R. Bell, Introduction to the cs 1 stmnw srenets wtntnens (-a 'cnes-cnfkns) 'smwt nsfsn
Quran, p. 153-154.' mten ffStn ntA'fn wtms ntwfwns sirms ns^nw nft
ntff^ tnmft ff^cw tnentfww ntcmt i
(ji-eî) swmfft^, 'wtsn (j_i)--asn^nR, w<f a r ^ n f f s ( i ) ^ t n m f t ffgcW 5..I.H. uzuncarsili
fsmtw sjf%51 fîmsnw nsmif fnfnn mnn wtnen mnft fsfts stft fnn^; ( A ) tVIouradjea d' Ohsson, Tableau de 1
Empire Ottoman, in., AVto; (-s) W n t n wt-amw, wtft.,
i o t . , v n , i i t o - i i V , ^8% i S - i , iJiiS, i>i><l, AOS., A i t o ; (8)
f-ft, wtftn., i t . , i i - i A ; (<?) ff'wrmff, ntwft^-Sf'wtw,
-St., ^8; S t . , -sa--to, S A , " l i - A , >!>v-'s>; (to) wtsntn mffn.
Snrnnft wtff^t., -at., i o A S ; S t . , itoto-s-8, i ' l i S ; ( n ) tArnn-
f f , ntwtm-t Sfn-S mmfnm, i t . , t t ^ iSiAA f., i t o e s t . ;
( V ) A F tVIiller, tVIustafa Pasha Bayraktar; ( s )
Ottomans-kaya Imperia v. Nacale xix veka, nem
ifesn f., f. -Dto-s-(?; ( i o ) l.H. Uzuncarsili, Alemdar
IVIustafa Pasha, ttfn iSSA, f. A - ^ l ; ( i i ) H.A.R.
Gibb and H. Bowen, Islamic Society and the
West, i t . , W W t E iJsa-o f., fms^ I
H. Bowen (E.I.2) / cms cswtSn ^^fn
wrtTTt^ ( jL,]) g Sntmns* wifn-ntwn, wrfn 1 wrsm mmn

wtfwmfn^ wf ( V j i ) 'wt^m' (-ui^) m fntm, f%n ( f .
WAt^-t wfmn ntw, wrnrn ftemmcn; mr^TTSit W'a w f n f n
nsfnrncml iSmrnss (jU^ji)mSnmns ( jlî)-jff-wmm cnta
m tms mttess nm as i Borthold Smntefn wm w f 'cnteam
mwSnfw^ m sftsicA-t -iistSntAsn^sin nnst nemfnm
ntarewm mstt Snrme^ ff^ A^rns ^m Se^t s#sreAn
(mtesn stwim, sttn nffsn, wrsrnns fmmtnten) 1 nssw -at
fmwn n4m Ate^t mms wtnntss'm m cmai-"Nt s,m% mw
fsntcA, mm -atn-s nfs Aisisi (wrspntfnw)--an mnft fnfsnn
mntsn wrmn ntem>w cmeats msmnss 1 wtft - t s r f f (ttes#
'pen f f f f n w -^t ^tffs ntnsim sjfêns fns ntAtm m?f fw Wf. D. Ross, msn i v J o * f., f. -soi)--as new tmss ( j ^ i ) m
rnn fnntA wnss nen w -ast i'^Jso f%ten wtstnft^fne^ tnt^' l(jLî)wftt sttn nefs cnsnAl m w nt^tewm
tnmf tfscmn
t.fs.VHV
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feib-
WTOH (Stf? W?T ? ] ? T a "5ts ?I?I?1 f??sW? ffet ^tc ?5? tfft f f , t t f T ? f ? r ? ' f 5 ? f f ? t t ? r w ? tt f c t ? I t t ^
Wtft? f f f e I W t l t t - t fffftWt? ( f t fa ?1?ft-Wtt?t?) at f f t w r r e t ? f f e t ? 'st f t t t e t f f w f ? ftt fcgt fffrc?? 1

ffest ^Gjn m, 'Wt?T? fiwtf ??cn\|w fict?' (Briggs tl, t t 3 T t - r t ?st? t ? wift-ffffw ? i f t t c r f ( g . ) wrttet?
C?t^ ib-NSi t., feb-) Alt!? WT?tC?? f fttlttft WfTC? Wt?t?Cf f t t w f c ^ fttt ftrc? fcgt ftfre?? ( f ?t?-t ?if, r t f ?
'tcwf? f?ttf'-a? "tffefe tMct? tlftftttt i^ffwffe fttttt, ^. i i f e ) I f f f awftc^ f t w r ? tTt'fcf?
? l f f ? "^ttf' Mtw^ tc? f?t tt? I f f f t?ft-wif? (wtfft, ( 8 A i / i o o o s o V i o S i ) t r t r t e t ? f t t t f c f wr?tett t r r ?
88fe ft. tut? tt?T?f ffC?1?tCt) t?? f t t t f ( j L ^ j l ^ 1 ) t f w e t f f f ftttw G w ? f f ^ f t f c f ?T?-a? t r r t tttrpr^
ftft?T 'ftwt f??f rotr tfwTt ?5ffeif=fcf aiw fet f ? t f f c t c t c f ? t f w f f w t ^ t e ? f W ?? w t (<iiJAi<f, ^.
ff?wttw ?#5rtc?? I fct Cft? Cft? cttf wTTCf t t ? t t r t f ' o A o ) I W t W tTb t i t ? f ? w t ' f t t t ? w f t f g trsftCf
ffttt cfltttc?? (Ctt? ffftfwt, ?tffeti? tftftt, 80) I were?? wtft-wtwrtr (viceroy) fffw (fw-ftr,
wnttct? f f t t t 'wtft-tTwt' twcf t f c t t aftw 1 wct 8 A i / w f % ioofe) a t i f f t w ? r f w t c f f r ? t t f e cf?t fc??
wtr? wtiwtftt, trtrfttt, tr?f t?tTc? wttt? twrff? tffe i& t t ? w t f ? w r r t c f c t t ftf t i t ? t ? ^ t t r r t w ? wtwwr^
t f f r t f t r r ? ?t 1 fff? ftwR r^'fcf? ^fj? t t ? ( j - J L i i ) - ? ; e t Cftt f c t ? I t ? t f i ^ f w r f f e t e t ? a t ? i t t f r '
(8?i/iooo) a f ff^tt? f t f f w r r r f wtft? flctt 1 w f f ^ twf%f???, w f e fftft (wtrt) cft fctet? f t t t f f
tttrf"^ wtrcf fcgt ffetc?? ftwt? tt^'fct? t t r f f r f l c t ? f t r e f t r t f ? t?tic? '\3?twrw-t tt^' ( f r ^ t ?
^1 r a?f5wtc? ffsr?' wtsw? ifwrct? w?Twt?tcf fctt)tw^t I

ffif M t f cft=rf, f f w s f ffswt? rrc? afw? tft <5tc? f c t f ?it? f ? t t ? WtffCf t f f t w r ? a t i f r ? omh
(^. ooe) I 'ttf'^'? ffPit twtfifjy ffff fict? wffffe, at ftt f g w^fT f t w c f t t a t e t f r ? w r c f r s i t ? # w w t f iswf
f^tfetc^ t f f f T ^tttc? (>&, o?o, (joi twnff) I at t f t fCt? ( 8 0 ? / i o 8 i ) , w t ? W f T f t - t T W ? ( c r r t , 8-8i)
flf ^Swrntcf? ffwt-fw? f f? ffctt >8?^ t r ? t^r ^fe a??, w t r t f t i f WWff were? w f t w crttt fc?? 1 w ^ f f c t r r t i f
wtrct? fff^ W155CW? w r ffttwft? ffcrfwo ttffw 1 wtt cf?t fc?? a?i W W f f t r : ? ? wttc? f r o f f f f e w ttw w?fr?
fft?,trct?cf ff?Tft?fifffwtr?'stit (j.iu) r tftr Cfttt ?^1 t t % ? t t W?? (fW ft"'^ 800/^Wt io8A) I tffftWt?
r ftftw t r t wffe f f e w s I t f c t t , t r o w f f ? f c ? t w i f ? wrrt'G fiTt?t f c ? ? 1 i f f a t
tfwwi wrrct? ffff ftttet f1%ffe wte?, ftwt? tt^'fct? t r i f t c ? t t f t - w i f e ? ? cfW w t j w f f e f f f ? c ? i t j 1 f r o t e w
fft? tt? fit% wtft??w wtr? ^ fTiwt ff irtc? wter?t " f t w w t r c t ? f f j w e r e ? ? t f f t - w ^ ? t t ssfe/ct ioff 1 w e t
f c ^ I ctt t f t wrf? wtref ff irte? ttitttflctt wtrct? t i t t f e ?t?lfl=1 (twt. f?1Wf WWft?, T o r n b e r g f f i f f e
tctt wtrct? ?it ?ftrc? 1 w?fj fc?f t ^ tctt wffftit t f f r t , ftf^) I
wrf? f i t t t r f r t t t fw? rtttc?? fff ffef ^ r f c k 1 wrtc?f W W f t f H w r f ? w t t e t ? w t f f e t i t ^ tfw

wrr? t??t ftwtet? fffft fg r ? ffwf f i t f fftffe tre?? f f w w ? f f c f w t f t t ? t t f w t r o tf5fw w w ro, t f f f r o
w t H f f f r t f c t ? fwttê?? ffenw f?t fct? 1 ffft ftttcf? W c r o f f f f f i e t t c? t f r ?ft?te? t T O t e w w w f f f a t ? cft?
ftRfwtf (._û) 'wtf r r ^j-i-c)-cf wtr? tft t r t w r ro w r r t t ? i f ? t w t f t ? w r 't#iw wtc? 1 t t t f t f
ttc tRW f r t e t ? ati t t f tttct? af ff?# ttcf tesf t t r f r t f t f w f t f [ w t ft - t wtt ( f f , ^. i 8 , ife)-a? t f r , w t r o
tttf WTtt ? 5 e ? ? I ftwt? f ^ t r t wtrct? tffcrets w r cffi f r o fi?rtic? w w c w a f ?tca f f ? t ? ? ^ t t t t ? f f f t t
ftf ttt r f l f ? t t r r fttrilct?, t f f t r ^ rftc? wtrct? t t f T t w f l c t ? ] f t f ? t f w t f ? t ^ w f t w , ffcftw cwttctt
fref?cf trw fc? I wwgt? wtrr f f r r r ? tttfcir? ffft W f t i r t ( C u n n i n g h a m ) - a ? t t f e t ? f f ? tft% f f f W a t
(fftt^?) ffr cftr? I ttt'ft f? 'iff wtrtcf ?f t?c?? f t t Tj5wt? t t f e ?ct?, w t r t w e r o f f f ? f f f w ftftttt
ftw? ftt? fc?? (rtrf"^, ffo t.; r?ft-wtf?t?, twt. f r t t t l w ^ R a t i f T w R t t ? f c f ? t t c ? attc? c t r ? i f f t t ? ?
f c r r ? tttwt, feo t.) I at tttt? wT? ffwife t r t t t ^ r f f f f t ?W Wf I w t f t f f ? T W f w f t f a f t W ? f jL3 O L L X J

r ? wrret? ftitt? t t r t t f e f f t ttftft ?ffe aftt ftftt? ( w f f t t f t f t i f w ^ Mt)- f ^ fffffe?? t r r o t f t t t ,
( f \3r?,'twt. 'wT^-?Tft, fe8i-feo) I tre wtrct? ft?f R t ? " f f c ^ t t t f ' ( W A ' f f f f f t t f f f t t f l c t ? o i f f ft.) I t r e
?te fft? fe?tf5w f^ etc? ttt'fcf? tfttcg ftffffcf ?ffe t ? f f e t atrîf I f f f t f f r e t ? a t w f f w ttr<3 t r
LiWt wtfsj?ft tt?i ?tt?T ?5ft ^ t ffttte?? I f?w? tttict ^ i s f f S T p r n w t t e t ct, f t w n f t - w w f c f ? f i t t r t e t w w c t ?
t t t t f fffCftt
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Contents
tois> wi?rR
w^jTtOT -m^ m^ (% wfm Aff*rf, nrsrtfln-t nteAm)-'^? Rmmw, fff -a fsimnRsnffn--an ttenf wfnm, n'an is>^s>
f . -a w t n w f m f s S f wfsm, w t ^ m n - t w m t # f - t t{, is>88
iRsft R n t t W t <ti<!if5i-o itsiRt (1stf?w Rnscm w m s. f . ; (<t) wnmm-iw-t m R f , i t . , nsfnnnm ib-jss f . -a s t f f
5f?, i-Ai t. -3 (?8, (bb) ]"m A S ^ , w # g w m m stm ^ n w sfsnnm, csncntt iS>8S> ^. -a H. J. Raverty-n ttesf w n n m -s
W I n t w n t f ntcAttm w t w n w n w m e n nnrfn % n n -an?. ffm, n n i b b i f . ; (b) m - a m w n - m n n , cstmt iAî R ; (H)
ntwfOTn ten tnn n t n e s n wftn^ w t # f n w f l e n n i # n e n n -at w t f t-t ffffnwtA, it.,'ntt. Briggs, cstmt ib-si ^. -a
w?en wt^ra wn?t n^nw^nnw ntef wtnnt w s t t wntw nft, n'anRenm i^bi/ ib^s;" (b) f enrn-t snmtn-t nnnn^f,
w n t r w m smn f n t w n tênn ff-annnesn (?) ntftes -ann ?ten cwsnm i-5ii/n; (s>) f n w t f 'wtntnt, mms ntssim, ntesm
wnf|w nf^m n^nse^ nnm nt'fwiAS S5fnsnsf^t t^fsjss t t ^ t t n i>.io f.; (io) f f l n t w - t "wtw-wm, n-an f f e m n ^h-ns n.; (ii)
fnntnm f l n i s^nêns ntn -atn-e f n n m m wte^ mi t^ *sslt n t f m f - t mântm n f , n n f f f srsnnm, c m ^ i-s-si R ; (iA)
nwnten w 'mtntf f&cssn f w n ntwten nwesm m e ^ est S^ tmf, f w f m - m n t f n , m m . n t A f ^'nmn, f t f ^ t f -anneft
cntfs ttsie^ i tm
nesr fnfnw m^ nftste^ m^ m ennt srmfm, is>n.; (i) m f , afnnw f n w , cwsnm i-si-b
ntnm ntAt nnfwenn nnew nrnms nmt A S i estf < s="iJes> nttfws* R; ( i 8 ) w t f n - t mf^, D. Ross Wffnw, n'an ibs.ff f.; (â)
c w -at fnf^ t f t 4 nsfnstcAn mmntA tif'p-t n t f ' i -at f A t m n nr^t^p, w t f m t m w (Sf), ntesm; (i^) cnts>,
fnffcw-s wmnt wtnm n r n c f wnncnn w f ^ w n w wgnm nsfnew Lahore Hist., antiquities, nrcAm ibS.^ %; (i'l)
ntfn I W f A m t n m ( w t f n - t ntcAis, it-ns f . , f . ino)--an Gazetteer Lahore Distt. 1916 f . ; (ib) W A t m n m ,
nfnncw stnen -st ntnens a t w cnsf ntnm -a n t R f l n i wmrnr w t f t - t ntesm, i b b 8 f.; (is.) mfnm mfnf, m w t f l n - t ntesm,
? t f n f-g, -ann f f ntcAm enewftnm (f. A-JJ) tAtc^ wtntenn nmn mesm iS.*-55 f.; ( A o ) H.C. Hony, Turk-English
n R m n t R n ntntcA i w m -amwn w m m ( f 4 ntn t f i f n nnfn Dictionary, W^cm^ iS>8H f. i
ntf) fnirn n t n f f n w t n c n n ntnmnen ntemcns nwns f l e n n , f f ? ntfnm mftf "mfn w m t f (m. m. t.)/
w t m s f f t s t m f i n % ^ ( f n f )--a [ w T s m s i w - t m R ' f , ^^n., -a. CSS. tj-5i. -ijgHri w t n ^
(t\rs n.i i mwt wtnm n t s w t A f f ( ^ i _ j ^ i _ i ji-^ i i>i.)
n t f n W ' a -an^wenn ntenn Sewn cnm n m (s>tnsisi n m , wifn-t ^rT?lTf (3I-.1) s w t f n , Atnmtenn ntmniA, ffn m n ^
ntems, % Ab-i), f f ? fwfn -awn/n^ nwt#s ent^ R e n n i f n m w n t s f s m ^ -a simii f A i m n - - a n nesf Rtmnn ntn ntmesi
nisfs wtstens n R f s m R A'snm w t n m mt i nntn

- s n ^ f < w f f m m n n ^ e s n 1 stten f A ' t m e n n m
nsRncfn i m:n 8S><^/iioo m e n f f n mswm^cssn m:^ sRm
(n) wmm nnnf ntfte! tnntf f f ? ^ , ff?nnw n m -a n R n
n m I n t n f m s n w f f m tn f s m wm^nn^ f g mfnns ntA--an
-af^tnm wtmn mnwfn mtfwn wfnmf f l e n n i f f A'snm wen.-a
Rfn wfwmn^ (Atabeg) A n I ens t f s fwR f s n m e n s fsnro
fnw n t s f c n s fSm m n -a fnwtcns s t R w f ^ R R r w w rnn
ftffm t t f f c w mesn mt i s^s-Ai* m e n f A t m n nswss f f n
s m t e n m n n w s t m f f s t f l n i -at w t w m s s m t f w n f w f % f l n
nw si5i<>iftf ntmn ntAtem nnnf mftew f f f n t m m 1f*ft
fnsw-^ I
cntns WtAtcns ssmcss cntmsnfaw s # n f f | e n n i S n t A s n r s t n 5 r ? t ^ 8 (i) tSfn-Wtfm, i o t . , ^. iS.S.; (A) Houtsma,
Segn nmt n m , f f s t i f n 'mms mîm' ( ^ i s / w n w ^ ) , w n Receuil, A t . , S.o; (-s) W f . m s f n t s ^ -a f A t m n t f n
n n f f f n 'wtwwicnn (-isis n^Mentnt n w ^ ) w f f n t f n - ntftssntAsts^ I

wt-afnm, t n t f ntntA 'Q m n R ' f w - w m n , m ' f " f n i f n f n w , Ed. (E.I.2)/<a. -atb. -an. sffss
' w T s f m wt-smfn'Sn-ft"snmw tTifn i m f nen snrsn, wtntenn "STtTTfT ( ^ i - . i ) 2 fnfn fnstn S t f m s f -ansft n s n 1
-anmrm mmntA f stmflenn, f f n fms c#>ien stmm t m w m Stmtesn tf%n f e n wtsmn nfn
(Pyramos)
flmnmi cntAmn f f fne^ -s-jj.-oe tsen -a o<t.8b f e n wnf? essnsm
sf?t#f 8 (i) m n f f , n t s f n - w t t s m , m m . f A i m n ntfwm, (fnmen nnrnn/ wtntm) c w w ( L ^ ) w s f w ffnwiR^
m f ^ is>Av f.; (A) w t f n - t n t s A t f ^ , ( f n w n m f ? m ft), Sfcwnm ("La^lJi) stwntf 1 m f n w n tm Aigai men tfnfsw
-af%stft^ cntnttft, mfnsnm ibÂ f . c w s n m ^-SA-JS ft.; Qt) f^ (Ramsay, Historical Geography of Asia
t s f n - w t f n , w m - n n f n n , nrntnrn s m n n m , nnnem i-ooA R , Minor, f. -cbff t.) 1 nSTfCt twtfn mffsstCtS
Tornberg--an f n n % , f . ib-is; ( 8 ) ' w f s f , w t ^ n t l n t n - sisnifstetn ffsss ?m w t w m e m (Ajazzo) m nrwrncm
tnntf ffêw
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Contents
(Lajazzo) WW ffiffe f i t i ifeo* 'sj. fw? wffet%<Tt tiWt iAf t f , ioife/ifeoo; ( i i ) V. Cuinet, La Turquie d.
f i t fefel Wt (ttftw i.i.,o?8) (Pauly-Wissowa if., i>8d) i Asie, A t . , i o i t . ; (i?) f f t t f t f f f f C f t t , A t . , 8 A f .
Wftt CftWroft (ttw W f t f w t WWT fttttft (Besim Darkot) I
Wrtffet fTWTW t w f f Cftttf " S f ?

f i t ) f f f f SITWtf Fr Taeschner (E.I.2)/cW8 c t w t f t f f t
w f t w ? ftrttfw? f f f^fffi^ctw cttwcf? aww^tr:

1 ntW f i f t ( L i L . ^ L ^ l ) S (b-lrfe-1?-fe8fe/ i 8 V A ? -
W^TRt fWl4,lM? W f a t i W ? f t (Tarsus) CffWaft ftft iffofe), 'f?wf tij|ic>sij<i 2tr? tD, w f i t w w t w wwwft,
wfftt w r t t t r r-srr: f t r frwT:wjt tt^t rffwt at CCWW? W f W Cimera (Himara)-a W?ff?t f C ^ ( A l l ;
cffwtfw c f # w w t t r fT?51 wttffw5 cffwroft f t t f t f t Bragadino [ f e f ? , iffAfel; Geuffroy) I Bragadino-a?
r r ftffr ctrRtftisffr? tffe a t i f f - w t r r w t f t r t t r t W f f W W feoA/iffAfe W c t W W R tfft? t t t f i t 8 8 ?e,R? I
tTTRt t f f e tlfW f i t I i ? 1 i % atttW ttcwt ttTffCflTW wtww W? W f t f l c t t a ? l f f f f f w ttCR wtw? WW

wtr? affr t r T R % r w f t f ? t w ?sw f w ? I fft? yfff Christiana monacha a la Valona-Cf a f fw f W t
f W C f ? Cttffrif C l P l M ^ t t f C f C f f C t t f e (Pegolotti) W f t f f ? (ducat) f r ? f?C5? WW ff^rftc? I twlfCt w r t ffft? ft?
wfwfff ctt tfr# fcf? ? f r tt? tsc?? wtr? ttatft? f i t f t c f ? f t ? f f f f t f f w t r c f w t r t t ? ? f ? T W t f t w w fsfrw
atftcft I (La pratica della Mercatura scritta da f W I f f f ? t t t l f cwt rWfWCt (b-lrfe-feib-/i8b-i-iffiA) f f f
Francesco Balducci Pegolotti, vol. iii of Della devshirme'-a? WtTCf CtWtCt c r t W ? fC?? a t i 'WW'
decima e delle altre Gravezze. de Fiorentini fino ( W f f ) t t t f t W Rtw f f t w t t W f t W t t l 2 F f W w f f t f w j t t f C t ?
al Secolo xvi, f f t t t f W i l f e f e % fe-ii, [Allan a t i Caldiran-a? f C ^ ( f e A o / i f f i 8 ) t W f f f t t f t f ? 'WW'
Evans f ^ tttWftbttftf tWttW Cambridge Mass, ( f r ? ) f t t f w w i f f ? t f c ? ? I w w g f ? twft w R f f w c ? ? f ? w w
1936 =^., f f f t f . Laiazo], f . W . Heyd, Geschichte 'wiwff-ww? t f f c ^ f ^ (feAi/iffiff) tftWRW f c ? ? I a ? t
des Levantehandels, f f f S ) i W T t cwfffk rwffwlfff? wtfcf twf? tttfT tfft f t t R i f t - a ? ffft? tftff? wtftf
(Bailo) t t ? tfw? f i t I fîrtttfCA w i f f ? t fc?? I w w f w ? t t t t f f t W f f w a f t
c t r r f t f r r bbct/i^bb ^ feH8/i?i(? t t w t f ? ? f t
ftftt f f t t t tcw fftc?? Cft w t f f f w r ? f t t ? w-a? i f t w t r w ?
fffe ?? i?Vi?? t f c t t t t f f f t w t ? wt-?tfff f r r r t t r
I ?f ?^SW? ?TfftW fw? fcmtCWtt ftfw fit I ftwf?
w? w?? a?i io?(?[. fff^-gft? f? 5(f?c?? r r t r ftffffe f W ? W ? ? t ? t f i W t W Wtcr^t fC?? ( C t C ^ iff A o ) , W W R
? ? I W ? r f W t r 18b-/i081 t f c t f f t f t ? t t t f f C t ? T S t W ? ? I ttw t s ? w wfttcwtttw? f f t c f ? ' t w t w f ? t l c t ? a f I fr?
W W S f ? t r ? wttfw <sf ? ? I t f f wtfr w t t f ? t f t ? crrtt? f c t (feAff/iffife) t w f f f wftf? f w ? W W f t w w w t ?
tfffw tfcw? W R a t w?ttw wr? fftftw ??; w?cfw wtrct? a f w t c f wfff w f t ?sr ?? (Mustafa Cilebi, solak-
t f f t f t t s f atfw wtfwftcw t f t t w ? ? w ? f i r r ? fctcf?
I zade) I
fpttcfw fItTw f f t ? 5 f f t f w c f ^ wrrwt? f c g t tt-ar ? i t i i f f A o - A i % tftftt? wt?c?f w t - f T t t f ? ffcgi? t t w w r w
f f t t f t ftwf? f t t t f f t f w f t t t f f ttftwj tfwc?? t? fft? f f f W t ^ t W W R ttw W t f f C f ? f t t t f f ftfW WT
( i f f i i [ . ) wtrt w t r r tftictw (stctt)-a? wwfe a f t w r ( f r t f ) tfft f r ? a t t w
I ft. ? t f f?-wf ?tcw
feAi feAbr
(cwti)-c t f t t w ? ? wtifj s R i t t t c f t ?cw tttt f f t r wtw ft. f r t f T t ( W # - t f c t ^ iff A i ) f f w w f f f f e t l c t ? (Laoust;

1
w t r t / f f f T f t f afft t ^ f ? ? f f ? ^ ftttw tftltf? I W W f f t W t t - f t t f ; t?t t w t ) I feAWiffAA t w CWWR

f f t f t s ( i ) f f t t f f (twt. Mehren), % ? i 8 ; ( ? ) W t f t - w r w c t ? tt? ftft ?5ctf? f t t t f f ? t w t w f ? t f f f T f ^
ffwt', W f f R ' ^ , f ? 8 b - 1 . ; (o) f i t f Tftf, f t ^ R WW, i ? t . , fc?? ( f f w T W Cbctft, t t f t f ? ) I wwgt? f f f t f t w w f ? t f t ?
ifefe; ( 8 ) ftwtRT? f-Wtt-WW, f t t c r ifeofe f , i t . , ?fe1; t e t a t i w,t? f f f ? t f t ? t w ffft WT 1 w t ? f f f t Mohacs
(e) K. Ritter, Erdkunde, xix. I.e. i i f f , i?fe; (fe) W . (feoViffAfe), Vienna (feoff/iffAfe), Guns (feov/iffoA)
Heyd, Geschichte des Levantehandels, A t . , ife t . ; t w f (fe8i-8A/iffo8-off)-a w t f f e w t f r ? f f t r t w f c a ?
( 1 ) F.X. Schaffer, Cilicia, (Petermanns ( f R - w t w csctft; f f f f t ; Pecewl, Solak zade; W W R
Mitteilungen, Erganzungsheft 141), ^.fei;( b - ) r ^ f t w WW) I t t r f t WW? f f t ? (AA r w w t ? ,feA8/iffW B " ,
tfw, WtrtfW, feovs; (s.) Ch. Texier, Asie Mineure, iffvofe) f t t f t W T R t f f f (f?^ RIffCSfJ?) f t R tit? t t W R ^
% l A f e t . ; ( i o ) Salname of the Wilayet of Adana, fc?? a?i (H>8<S5/ifffe)-a f^ f5j<! t t n t f e tc? w f t f f e
t t w f fffCft?
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Contents
fwm I wmm emm n i k t m nmfm ttnsmnfk ntft i t o t , i n b , ib-3; (i-3) Relazion de Piero Bragadino,
nsrnnfg -srcm C5lm?m fw (isss-Viia-^n-so), wIîihcws in M. Sanuto, Diarii, xli, Venice 1894, 528
Eazek m t a R f ' (;88/i<?on), Moldovian wfwntn (reproduced in E. Alberi, Relazioni degli
Oi8(t/i(to\r) a fmcM m w 5 w r fHmsiM fmr n^wf wmcws R t Ambasciatori Veneti al Senate, ser, 3 , iii.
smtj wrantf ({8(f-8to)/i(tv-oi) Rrtswrm tmtmmj i 1 0 4 - 1 0 5 . f . wm^3 - S t . , s>to); (i8) A. Geuffroy,
Corfu wffrfms w (hss/ia^H) wmrnmrnr Valona-as Briefve Description de la count T u r c , in J.
nRsnt snsmmift witcsf scnsc-f wsTsm t m m f m wmsn Chesneu, Le Voyage de M. d' Aramon, m m . Ch.
mm I swsnm Delwine mm m^ wmt^ (Rmt) -at wtsm Schefer, Paris 1887, Append. XI. 2 3 8 ; (i<?) A.
tR T^jm ( f f w m n csmR, a i i . Pecewi) I wm, von Gevay, Utkunden und Actenstucke...ii.
Si8to/io ^mt, i(?;ii--a wmm mm t^Rs^m nscsn i wtms Vienna 1 8 3 8 - 1 8 4 1 ; Gesandtschaf (1534), 53, 111
wrinRss sTRcns mw wtsm mm Rsnm R?R-ast R R cnn and Gesandtschaft ( 1 5 3 6 ) , 1 1 5 - 1 1 6 (wmm m m
t ^ stwSnR^ stRms wRsstft fwm m Cwtf; Bragadino; (i(?-oto f .)-n m wl^nm n'lftoHican fnss5); (ito) t^mn ntm
Gevay) I wtms smrtcm ncm -asswcns RntA AtstRn sewn cw wttn, m f ^ n - tmm, tîî i A n i R , Ato-n; ( i n ) cmnstf
s ^ mms nc5f RR tsnffsncn Buda--as mnnsswt Rf^ -ntm f A i m n fwm, f w - f t m m in Turklyat Mejmu'asl,
stmRmn (RRnn-t 't^mf); wtms m smns (Rtm -at i t . , tmin i{A(f f., f . iA<f, ttmt i (wtnm mmn fwm wtRn
ssnrmt) RntA RiRnRm (Silistra)-s ntnwtn cscts nc^ nmc); ( i b ) I. H. Uzuncarsili, Osmanh Devleti
ststRrf sRm wtm nm (Gevay) I tsn wfcn tfiRw nwtgmcs zamaninda.... bazi muhurler hakkinda bir
wmm mms m mt wtA'rnn nnmncns m n n ^ Rcnn -ant mn tetklk, in Bell, iv, no. 16 (1940). 506 -3 plate xe,
mRncsm mn-^Wis mr wfw nscsn (Laoust) i no. 3 (wmm mms fncniAS) Tugra va penceler ile
sf^f^ s (i) wrnm-ntntA fnwtnn cscnR, wt-ntssifn- ferman...., in Bell, (?m, nt i<t/ib (ii8i %), i-on
nmtRns... (Brit. Mus. Ms. Add. 7855). 31r, 65v. 73; plate xxxvi, no. 26 (pence of Ayas Pasha); (ics) M.
158r; 2 l l v ; (A) "wtft,f^-wttnm (wafmiR W t t , Brit. Tajryib Gokbilgin, xv-xvi asirlarda Edirne va
Mus. Ms. Or. 32) 81v, 187y-188r.; (-3) nst,

Pasa Livasi, tlFf i;ii(?A f., % n(f, b i ; (Ao) L. Fekete,
Einfuhrung in die Osmanisch- Turkische
mfn-nmtA (Brit. Mus. Ms. Or. 1039), 93v,; (8)
Diplomatik..., Budapest 1929 Documents. 3-5
wfeRm cbcnR, RntATs-nmtA, t-ai^n i-sis/its-obr, im, 8ito,
and plate 1 (wtnm mmn m (i(f-oto f . ) s The same
88-3, -St., in(f, 8n., i-s<?, ^sin, -ob-b-, iom,tonto;(<?) fmnf,
document as in Gevay); (Ai) Hammer- Purgstall.
^st'f mt Rn-Rm-Wtfn (t^lfn i i 8 A R ) , Abv, 39r, 42r.
m (1828), 52, 211, 629, 647, 652, 685, 686.; (AA)
50r,-51v.; (to) Pecewi, wtDm, im, ttin iAb-s R,
RRtn-t t f n t f , i t . , 88to-8n; (A-S) Arslv Kllavuzu,
Ao-Ai, i-oA (AS t f m Rntcn fnwTPi ftnt i>o<t R ) , ie-o; (as fasc. I, t ^ t f n iJi-ob %, ^. 8b; (A8) I s t a n b u l
t f n Rntcn wtnm mm, ^s-oto R ) , i^sto; (n) cnrntt ntntA,
Ansiklopedisi, iii, 5. wtmn mm wncnR (wrnrn mmn
m t m , tt|n iA^sn R , f. 8i8, sna, 8bs-; (b) mm mm nssn nsncsm Rm^); (a<?) IA, ii (1949), 5. wtnm mm sm^
mmA, Histoire de la Campagne de Mohacz, mm,
(M. Cavid Baysum) I
Pavet de courteille,miRn ib(^îi f., f. i(2-b-; (s) mtffn, V. J. Parry (E.I.2)/cm mtWAin n#
fnmwtfn- nmrfn*, it., tîfn iAns R, 'j. (t^, (t8% ato,
^yilV^-ât*tftn5- (g. ^sttfns")
(fnn, (fs>A; (io) tnn tsm, ntnttt'-st-i^...., mm. P.
Kahle -s Mustafa, (ft., ttfn iS>-oA %, f. bto, -obb, ^ n " ^ m - ' r t ^ ^ ( j j ^ . II ^t_.i) s fwm Rmn',
-oj>8, 8Ato; ( i i ) m w f f n wm-mnf, wm-nn-sntRfn-nttm... fnmmncnn t t f c n wnm tms fnm^mtf wnacn cn nn
nmt. twnnttn -an. WtnfS (Or. Ser. no 20, Amer, univ t n n r f cnn wnRw n w cnm "fcwn cnsRc<is mmnnw
of Beirut), At. (i^sSS* f.), iA<?-Ato; (iA) H. Laoust, Les wtnmm R l Rn fst mmt mc^ 1 tas RnRt 'wmrifn-'wrfs'
Gouverneurs de Damas... (658- 1156/ (jj . II j.t_ii) ntcn mnRw 1 -at nRf&w f s t m f n -ant
1260-1744): Traduction das Annales d'lbn nnrnnR^ cmns-nnftf ttcw-a tmn atmn m m m n 1
Tulun et d'lbn Gum'a, ntRtns ifecji- f., f. i*S!.-itoo, wTsTt^n-'wr^wn nnnfm m ^?^c m^ Rn tnf mn-nt n^m
tnntf tntcmn
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Contents
n R s nmm Sm -ass, t m w m r m w fm t w ? t f ^ mw i s t ^ t ^ s ( i ) t s n f wtnm, f f w f f n - w - s m , A T f t f m A -s

m f n f w m o c n t^ fmrsfnn min>m fnf%f o i c t fnf%^ armcsn A S I Pellat n t w n , Aisnsisin ( m f f ttwr) is>o>b f., wfc^sn HO,
f m^ f r a m ^ n - ^ ' (Winter Solstlce-nw 3Plf%)-.i)n ioo; (A) w m - m n ' ^ f , fStW, -st., Si-iiS; (o) 'Calendria
S m t nftmcA (s. R. Basset) i w f n m i t nmm "wmirgn-w^n' (Cordova, Ato CS\^nfft ^stc A nts t f s ) ; ( 8 ) w m - ^ i n f f f t ,
m m f f n r n n n n t i t (Julian calender) m t m . S m s W f S i t ffwffn-'wrsfitff't-mtfnsT, Wustenfeld nt^pnn, mtnfwn,
n n t # t Wfmff c s ^ m f t mcnn c t n m n ( w t m R n ) l i m t m s m c n n ib-8b- Ate ib-8s> f . tn%, f. I'l; (a-) entns,
aftn fwn ( w t m mn) fnnc^ f m c m A S I f s ^ , w s t R f n m , cmtm Calendarium Syriacum... Volck ntssnn, m t t R t
-3 f w n - a f t s i t t t m fifsfnw I t ? ? mwfncns atfwft fnetn men ib-dh f., f . 8 , i-s, A'l, t t m 8A Wtsft wtnm -antwfsm-s
tfnfsw I n m R ^ ( ^ ) , fn^mm m n n (j_>j), wffnn ftnn ntftn wrmn, S m e nnftftftn t f w f aftfm wtrntcn-s S e s t
( ^ i ) , f'wffsin ij^yc), f w i R n (ji._^), f w f f n - w m n nttmcA; (to) wm-Alftft, rnns-mr (Seances), Silveslre de

( j ^ i . ) ( w t m f s s f f n - Wffn- ( : > ^ i ,_J-L1.O) I n f n sacy n t ^ n n , mttnn.ib-A^ f . , , f . :^*to, ib-ô f . i t . ,
S t f n S ^ n n n % fnenn A S wen s^sf, t n s n -s n ^ f f ? t f n t f f o At., ioi; ( n ) Le Calendrier d'lbn al-Banna de
stcn m I S ^ w i t f t m n m m f t e s n m <atn-s t f f j f f n w A S mt IVIarrakach, HpJ Renaud n t w n , t r t f f n iS>8b- f., f .
(g. R. Basset-ân m^ siftTt) i w f n - m t f f m ( n w m n nne^Ff) i<f, oo, o<f; ( b ) Lane, Lexicon, if>toi f ; (S>) w f ^
n<3 tnscns S^ n n s n r m c w m f f c t n mi mesn a t t n fne^ -wtsm, S f f f o f n nAsnes; ( i o ) R . Basset, Les jours
w f f l w A n S m e ^ w m men w f w f t w n^m stmcA i Smew f w m d'emprunt chez les Arabas, Revue des traditions
^fftfrnneAS n f t w w t f m i m c t n mi c w s i f t a t t n fnn n s R s , Propulaires-<an nem, ibJso f . , f . i(fi-i(?o; ( i i )
nfn-s S t f n S ^ nrnmn f m n fnnn' f t m e n f n n^nt m n w t n^m Westermark, Ritual and Belief in Morocco, n n
A t m ttess I a t f w t e ^ w m r i f n - ' w t i n <at t f f s t m f w m attesm iS>Ato f . , ^ t . , itoi-ito^, iH8-i'l(?; ( i ^ ) S ^ 5f?W
cntnfCA-s f^gmcn arsfnw sRrtCA i w t S m s w f f mens S t n Ceremonies and beliefs Connected with
sffwfiw mi S m s nft w t n - m t f f m arstnw m n s f f t w T f f f n agriculture, in Mirocco .... Helsingfors iSiio f.
n?emwn atemwn ( i ) w m r t f n - ' w t ^ ( f W f f s n ) , s n t wfnnswn ny, (io) H. Basset, Essai sur la Itterature des
nfSnsnict m i s f n - ' w t ^ ' ( ^ j 11 jj_>) f W % o men ( f n ^ , berberes. Wtncwfnm iS-Ao f., f . AJsff, ooi; ( i 8 ) E. Levi
Provencal, Textes arabes deT Ouarha, trfffn iS.AA
t s m , fnfnm, cnmnn -s f f n c s ) mtw i w t n - ' w t ^ (j^jr^., 11 fm)
f., f.-ioi, i(?i -sftnn i; (i<?) P. Galand Pamet, La
n n e w w t R f f wrmn; ( A ) ' w t n - m - s f n - f n m ' w ' (jjî
vieille et la legenda des jours d' emprunt au
J , - . . . 11) m " w m - w m r t f n - f n m ' w t m (ij i.i (*L.VI)
Maroc, Hespers--an WS'f, ^hav %, i/A t., AS>-S>8 i
[ms nsm f w f ] fnfnm, cmm, nnnmfnm -s S w n n n e w ; ( o )
P. Galand-Pemet (m.m.t.)/ cm wTSfn wfSmn
"wmnfn-wtnfn" ( ( ^ a _ ^ i (*LÎ) m t r m t tfw] f f n n ,
f w S R n n t -s iiseîs i S t R S ^ f f w f nrtmm n f t w tm n f n t c w îlJ|i|[1-*^rr?nm ( ^ > ^ i '^'^ w t n n e n n f n n n
m c w atffm Smmrn wf?w, mmn e s s g f f j ^ c w c A w S n r n f w t i n f A I wtnnens nnftft wfnten t n n m - f n f c t 'wrsenn t f w g

t^ f W f n s s w % w n atcmct f f m n t mcs w t m f w f trvp cttciif ntnftw f w n f A m t e f -at n m nmAw t t m me^ i (g.
wfnmw m f f f f o w t m w S n m f m 'wrm mstmn m t n A^nra f n n m , 'mn' mn, ito t., ios.; t s f n -fnmftw--as n<Rm) i cw
5T5tcn amn % o n m m e n n nnnet arttwjtt nscs i attftn af^nfCA c w nnn tmess n t e ^ t wm-wtnrm-s n m A S I fnmn--an atctm
wmtenn f c t n w f s f t t m s m n s n f t f f n f e A w J n m f w t -s wtmn w m n f n - ' w r s m e s s 'wmsens n t m n f ftnten f f f
n t f n m m% w t m t e n r n nft w r s r r f n - f n w r ' w - ' a n ^mftff f n m e m i wtftft f c t n wmwn t f n ^ nsfn 'wtns t s n f n f s i f n
w f n n s m AS I c^fi^mft m n 5f w t t r t fnens c s m S m e mm f ' w t m ^ J l j_L ^(_.ij-an m m f w wesn c f f s e n r ^
n<=fm nsm t t n f C A i -at n - R m catffe S t c n nf^w ( A ) (-s) n t fmrafms a t R ttff nm n s R n t e f n i -atten wtnrtn t n m m
m r m m f f t t t m c A i -at cnrss-nnftfts m f w t ttecA fWf i fw-fntcAS a f R t t t f o ssm tAstcA I cn nn ftemt n f f m i t -at

fnsne-^tCA S^ nnftffftess t t e s r e t n f n f w f cnet atsfnw f w ntnftw s t w msmnw cnt n n ? t c n n (nm f t , nmm, m m w
nnfAftnfCAs nft f n m t m cnm mmm i -at ^mfAfhsR c w m w n t n ) men cnt fcwn nmsmt w stw i
t r - p wn?t, ?tcnn n m -s n s n w cmn f W nrtmcs a t # t w m s m n w n m ^tn-8 nstn-s w m t m w c t - s -at nnenn nmssnt w
^ t t t ^ f n n csnn tnnenn ntt wfSw i Atsic^ 1 csnn t n f n w ( ^ - T s r n ) m n n f e ^ ntnf&w ^^-f%st^
t n m f t tfsesnn
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WBUTgt-'WHTt' W R A I F S P F - ' W T R O
WTTUIft-ffSft? W W }ffe r t w e ? I % m W R ^ W f f # - ? t f T ttrtfft^s f w e t ? t f f ^ t t k f w i f r f f c t ? t t w w f c f

wft-ww wtft? Wtwf? w:*iT a ? 5 f t titlfe ?iwew wctr&w ?5t?ew? I t f w w i w T f t - w i t i e t ? t t w t f f r t t R ? -s
r l f t e ? ? ? 5 ? T T r T f W f f t ( W W W ? fiw? CtttT roT?5C?? ^^twrtttwR? f t f t f t t f t ?tct w T f t f t ftt??? ftww
a?i a t ? 5 T ? c t t a t f f t w f wtfw ftww t f t f t r ww ttetf&w f i t I www w t t r ^ ' t - ' w r r ? w f t i f w w ? ' w t t w
f W I a t TSRS ftct? ftw?, ?w, W f f'w?' w*w 'W>Sf . fittfsft? wt ff?e? I wit-ffftftt (Wftw o, w?t-i)
t ^ T ? ' [ w t w w>sf f?Tf 1-a? W W f W W t f t r a i w t f t f f c t ? fef at t?e?? f e t f w ? f f w c ? ? f f t e t ? f e a t w e ? www
t t s t f ? i t f e l ? f W i ? Wo t f ftt w, ??i w t f t t ? tfett Cft? wrsrrsT w t t w w?jtet?ttw t t f f t t f t f t i e ? ? i
cwf? w wftstw t?ftrft? f c t W f f t?c?? w a w t - w T t n e t ? f t ? ?f5w c t t t f f w f f f w ? f t t w w e t ? rwt
t f f w s p t t t i t f t w t t t t e ? I wftf f c t titft f w ; ? tltrt ? ^ i rt wt i ft^f t t w f w e t ? t i f t f c t ? f e f trt? fft ft
W R a t f 5 i ftftg t i w .tftft ?<sw? a t t l t r t w c ? t w t f f f t j ? # ? W W f t ? I tw? w f f W l t t W f f f t t w ? ( f . ?io/b-?ff)
w t t t c ? I W'Qt "tft f t t w t c t ? ft t i t f t fg;-f?2t? t W C f <3 tlft? ?tc ti^jft I wTt-ffrftt (it.,ffvs^.)-a a t
f t f S f t ? ?T?T rttt W C f I ctt? W'Qf wt?, W f ??T1?? ttw tifww? cf?t wcwcft f W rtwe? i a t t w e f
twtft I ffwtffw ff??t t t ? ttf%frc?? fcf w w w? ( t f t .
f f t w t ' - a t i t f t w t t t r t f ? f t w r t w? a f t t t e t ? i Wustenfeld, t l 18i; r t ^ f f w , if., Sfefe, m-o; a.
a t t w e f Wellhausen (skizzen und vorarbeiten, t t t , w t t r i t f t - w r r t wtrt?) i a t t t w ftffetttj tiftfct?
S t . , ?br t . ) w t <3 t r t f t w c t ? t e t r t i t f t w ftett f e t f f t f ^ fcf? ft? w t f f wtfw W T f ftttw wttriet? ft? f f ?5W
t W c f W W ffw f f f t t e ? ? , fn r t e c t i t i f f t w w 'Wtrrsi'-at f c ? ? I trr? a f f t f i t t i f w , w?iett f5r5?tt wrsnet? ?f?i f ^
ti?tt tw tr? I t t t w t f t ? w t t w w t t f t f t c f c f g ff?w w t w a ? i wt?tt f i t ffwtffw a t i f r t e w a f r t w ? f t t w f t wr?rrrt
Cft? tW3 w f ^ wl2t (î,_j^)-ct? w t w e ? ? f a t f ? w f f f t[^C<lff f i t I
t i W f C W f t ? ' t ? w?iwf?e ft<3 ^ I t?tf f t e t a t f t i t??f ftet? c t t f f t wttiit tfff fntf ^ wet
f c t f l t tftti?, a t t f f t t w w t w e t ? tetr ?sTtw tft a t i t i f w t ftfwe??, c f r c f r f f ^ tftt? wttet a?i c f r c f r
ctra? f W i ? i t t f ? r t i ^ f t t f w ? t t ? a t w w ? w w f t tT?rtiftfT? tft f f w t r r e t ? w w c t i i t cfft? t e w
t i t e t W f t t t l tff, t? f t t c t w cw? t f t t e ? ? r w e w t ? f e t w w - w t ? f f ? Rra^'t-rnww w t - t t f t r i f ? t f W f t - w t i f
w w e t ? t e t j ttfw tfffis r t i ^ f w ; w t c w ? c W f w ? f t tff^ Ifrtr f c f f e ^ fftwc??, ttf? 'w?f f t f w , t t t t
rt, trrr w t ? t e w ? wfftiw t i W f ttr ?Tft5et? ?wtt ttw CftCflfff t t K ? ( w t t - W f f ^3 w'f) ct t f t t t t t ?
t t t c t i t f f t t t ft I tff ? f t w e ? , wtw? ?yttn t t e s f t r r a w?i?w f t f w e ? ? ' i
fft? 'wtf - t w wftcT? f ? f ? e w t T f f t f e r 'wwrt' tffttt? f t t r a t tt? ' w t f f t f t ^ -ff w t - t f ' ^ - w f t (\st.,
t w e f W W f f f t t t f ? ^ . f W r t t i e ? fw r t e a?i a f t w w feit.); w?-f^3?T?f? t f t e w t wrf? -ff ftwwff-'ww? f
f?i? 'wtf f f f s t wr? r t e ft<3 - w t r r t f ? fft%e w t t w ffftt-wtwt (fft.; sf w t r t ? , f f t ? ff f . ) - a ^ t t f t - w t t t c ? ?
wftf fct? t?ffs " S f f f f w w i f t t i ffte tlft I a t t t w t j w t - f t f f t (it.,-afet-ffii) 4ef t f f ^ r? I
?tc f t e t t w w 'WT?? f? f ? w e t ? f?f cfwetj? t f t w W t - t f e f ? ?'=tw t? W f f?i?w? t i f w f e f ? f t ?
W ^ w? I a t t t w fc?? w t ? fft 'w?tet? w f t t 'fffttw? f f f f f t i tw? ?5?ittf a w t i f w w, w e t f cwca fw^ f t
t e f t t e f t f t tf?w f f w f t t f I witrtct c t t t i t f ? t ? ? f ? f c w t r f r r f i f f W ?r?T; c t t w w frt? t f t ? t f t f f e w w wm^
feit WW Wt, tttf ftet? w t f f ? fwtrttsfte ww? ?5t??i? WW WW ctt?>et? f f w t t f e ? t w ? f t ? fff? f f f c w r? i
t t f f t ? tw f t t w? I a t t w e a f t ttw f e g t i % ?ntrt? Cft? c w t w w w ftfw w?-f^3W?f w t r t e t ? f f w t r n i
'f?', f t f t w ? W f f t w t - a ? f? f ? c t ? I f? frtftt ww w t t - t f t ^ê ?f?i f t f t t c ? ? I i&ffrttfe t?ft-wtt? t t f r r ?
tftfs tlct? 1 ftft f W ? ? '<3?ttet? W W 1 f f f t ? i f w t f t ? f t f ?f?i? tt?icf w t w ? i f f w f t w f a ^ w t r r t c f < & f f r t f f f
t f e ? ? t e t r tittt W f t f c ^ w w r w o t ^ f f wftw t t t t f f f e ?fw f f f w e ? ? I wtw? ?f?t w t t - t f ' e t ? ?fw?
f e ? ? I ftwft-wftfew f r t t f t t e f w?-f? ( t t l w e t ? t f t f f t f f w ? f ? t f f w f t f e 1 f f f trt? w e t f w i e t ? w t t fetsftt
w i w e t w i s t f ) ttww w t n t t w t w r t t t e ? ( s t . , i s o ) fftw? WW w i w c t ? e f ftswwcr W f f w t w ? f f w t t f e f c f ?
r t f e ? (g. t t ? ' w t f t w f w f t , w t - t f R, ft?c?i ioo? f t . , t?wt^ 5te r? 1 tw WW w c t t f c t f f t f t f a w e ? w r r s
t . , fei-a? c t w ) t w ? t w j w f w t f w r? w , t r t t f (t)-a? tw? WWf?lWtit?t I
ttwf fffettt
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toA8
(Noldeke- Festschrift), f . iAn-(J-8; ( o i ) W. Caskel,

i i A8 ft.) f n sf? nfwnftn-wtnmm ^5#*ift wmic?i wrarr^n- Aiyam al-Arab, Islamica, nRf*f o ( i S . o o f . ) , i - S S ;
w i m s n tm wtmfsnf ^fiiiicH i f m s wtmrsm f s t n t f f ( o i ) L Lichtenstadter, women in the Aiyam
f f ? f s t t n m f f I c w m f m s s4m ? t c mfnm f f n^cwt al-Arab, n ^ i S i o c f . i
f n f f r o s ? n t c f wnft ttc mfs i f f n f m s n ' f m s E. Mittwoch w t n f n - n n ^ .
f m w mnnfCAs t c g n , wcsfs mtmr -3 few wttstAnsnff fnf^ ( e . l 2 m. m. t . ) / w t f n w fnfns
n t m e s s mcmcf n s#5rfc^ 1 -atsin w t n - m s m f wtRf f c f s "mm ( f . wtffn)

lifss ms nf3ptft wimtesis n'fm fnnfc^ 1 -aw^f f f n f n stc?s '''SftinH ( J L L ^ ) s 'wt, w t f n s s wcf n i , nmct, wnfcn;
wnmtcn t n m f fcnn-3 wff*fft w m m n n wn?f fnffnni 'jfn s n stc i A t m s t f n n n m f
n.n. 'wmrtsin (jjî^)
nnrn ff-s-am (5.)-'an wfcn f f s m tmcss ^ns, ajmtncn
st?n#f ? ( i ) t s f n - w f f f s , wfn-mffnn, fnns i-ssb- ft., i f . , jjitwtoifnsis wfstmmcn wtA'mw (5.)-'an wfcn fnfnm
^sfe-88ci; (i.) t s n A i f n , wM-fAinntn; ( o ) wfn-tn-WTf, cncmmtfnnm -3 ffmtcns (g. w t f ) w f c n wtmcmfnnm nsffnn
ffm^n-wtniff; ( 8 ) wfn^n mftmff wm-mf^, m^r^-mmfnf cntwtcss lilt men w f f A mt "st 1 '^'(n^ ssmt-s t m f f w m n
-3nfn-mmf f fs-amffn-winiff, ^n., fsni is.A f.; (a) t f n (5. nnwf)-iitn wfstn wcf-s msA as i -itmen c w c w nnn
Sffss-, wtn-'Snm (nm. f A f m n f A " f s n - f n ' w f s f n - T i f n ) , ^n., WtAtenn c w cmm 'rnn-'wrsitmn' men mi c w c w n n n
i)ySi-Ai8, wsjfn fn^wn-^sis^Mt' -amn-wfnnn', f^rns is.o8 ' n t t f n - f f w n t n ' nten Sf^ff t t e w men 1 > m t nsmt-3
f.; (to) t s n 'wtsn ntfssft, w t n - t ^ m ; (H) t n n fntnn, wtnnm-iif^m f m n f -iimsnnfeA s f n W e n wtmense^ few ft-s
t t f w w ; Or) w t n - m f m f , ftsMi^n-wtmn; (s.) wtn-nt^ttn; ste cnm mt, wtnm c w c w nnn wimmmAmnsen f f m f
( i o ) wtn-rnnnrt, m w r n ' ^ - w m m n , A^n wmtn ( f wtnntt n n n ^ nsfnm f n n nnsnens wmen -^mwifn ^tew mi
wtsitfnn-*wrsts), fnns io<tA ft. ( i i ) m f , s['wrj|n-fnmn; ffisntnenn Rsêwsscfemn?fsrsn nsff 1 iio<t-88 f . mmnen
( i A ) t n n Atnn,, wtnmm wtnntfnn-'wtmn: ( i o ) t n n f w t n m , wtmm wfstn mn?t>fAn nsfnntRn 1 'wtnjtntcnn n e m w n t c f
wtt-f^'n -3ntf-'wim'; ( i 8 ) wtA-m'wtmf, mwttfn-m'wtfnns, nsnw t m m^ w t w f n mtmn cs, W f - n m f A isna/ôv^
( f f f wtn-wtnitn); (i<t) t s n mmjn, w t n - t n t n , S f wnwm, men f f f ) w t m R. Levy n t t f n w wmmnn nmrs ( i 8 A ,
w r i f n - t t n m n , i n . , w f . m n n tmntîftA ntcAfs i S i t o o f . ; i o - i 8 o , A3t 8 , W f . A 8 V ) ate?ntnn -3 csnftnwfcnn 'wrarmtcnn
(ito) wH-f-snmf, fnmnifn-'winfn f ffRn-wtmn, i<tn., fnns nem f f - s m d-snrn ntnf)-'iin Rnsft n t e f en f f m s cnm cnn
iSAo f.; i^H)wtn-wfff, f f ^ ' n - ' w r n t n f wTS"<3nffnn-*wtnm; m m mn'wtf ftmn (g.)-^n mmen f m t f n w s t s t f i n nfnm
( i v ) w t n - n t ^ , f'wtn m S n f f n ; (ij) ^ n f nisni't, w t n - . S f f f nftmcA I f f nlfteT f A ' t m n -iiwrn stRfnR ftntes
'wtntn n s f n m n - t n n t n ; ( A O ) w f t - m n f , wtt-'s'wtnfSn- fAf-wtnim w - f n t f f m n ^ >iiwm f f n Scfin wtcA ( f . R
mnsifnsii ( A i ) m ' ^ wtn-mf, w t n n t f n , 'wtntn, ntfnmss Hartmann, in ZDMG 72, 1918, 195; cnt^, Der
i S t o o f., ?t.; (aa) wf-sntn wtf. wrfh|n-wtsfn ns i<)ii<n-t*iiii, islam--i1, V n., i S i V f . , i S i ; Fr. Taeschmer, in. Der
w t n - m w m ' S n - t n f f w t n - t s t f , iSitos f . 8 n . , a^-aoa islam, A8n., is.o'i f., do t . ) I cstwtcn s S ^ , w@w f f - s m
o 8 < f - o s v ; (AO) 'Sms w m n , wtffn-wifAfnsji, 'Snstw is<f8 n t c f 'wtmmm f f e n n nem - a f t mfsn fnntfms An i -^t
f.; ( A 8 ) f A t m n wtAmn wtfn-m-am tJifn, wtnjtfn-wtntn n t e f fnem^ msmft Sc^mmim s f w f f ( f . 8to(2-/io'iA)
ffn-isilftfnsii, fnnn i S 8 A f.; (A<t) f A i m n R n t W A t m , f ' w Sc^n w n , f^n-'wrnrm nffntcAn, 'wtsTtmenn f f - s m "stn,
nnrntfnn-'wtntn, mfnf^ is>8fe f.; (Ato) wtw-wtnfff, mn^m- f m m f f e n n fnt^-<Ft'wt m n ^ emmns w i wm
Atmrn; (^H) w t n - m n f f , msAm-Atmrn, (av) w i n - f m n f nsrnn wtmm f f e n n m m wtisnn w mi m f w t w i t n m m
( f A t w w t f n w t n - m m n f ) , . m m t f n - n t m n f n t f f m f w w , w t s ffenn nrnmRnn ncnn (s. ntmrnRnrt) f i , m
mtmtfnn-'wintn, cmmt iAs>8 f t . ; (as-) e . Mittwoch, msj f s f n f ^ c w mf:ns c m m e w nem fnft nn, n s t
Proelia Arabum paganorum (Ayyam al-arab) w f f g n cswmn ( A T f f ^ t ) S f w A^nm nem fnft Cwtf
quomodo Utteris traditalist), (<_) ntftn iVSiSi f . ; w m - ^ w f f , snnfn-nts?in W f . R. a. Nicholson, Leiden
( o ) C. I.' Lyall, Ibn al-kalbi's account of the and London, 1911, 183; f f W - t W f f f n - n t A ' ^ ,
First day of al-kulad, Orientalische Studien n t t . , V . SchukovokiJ, Leningrad 1926, 228,
t n m f R'Sesnn
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WM-'WlTUlf fe?(? wM-'wBmf
Lines 10-18; f t f l f f l ? ' w M ? , wTrftf|t-WT'ftr?rt, t f l . Brockelmann, ftfffS i, s o 8 ; (br) W. Ivanow. The

R. A. Nicholson, i t . , o ? , ?3i fe-ife) i f w f^'t-'Wltlf? Alleged Founder of Ismailism, cttrt ifeSfe %
a t f w t f f s t m t e t r a t w e t ttftrr fttf?t f R y i c H w , iff,feffI
' w t n w f ? fW'stt t t t wiftft t i f w i w t H T f t f a t i w t t B, Lewis ( E . L 2 ) / fTrt??ftw1#
t t ( f # t t t ) - a ? W f tr w f t t t west f t f t t r t f I a t f t t ? t ^ - " W t W r ^ ( ^ L ^ I) g w t f t f t t t 'WttfWr t f ?
ttt Wttf^tttr-rw (ct/iif) aftt fftffw T l (Fr. fTtWf a f w ? t t f t t f t f , f T f f ^ , f t f f ? f ' f flctt I f f f t
Taeschner, in Documents islamica inedita, ttjttew? wttttct? Wft 'wt?nef? f??i? f t w t f ? a f t i c f
Festschrift R. Hartmann, t t t t t ifeff A % , t t f t t l ife, f f r e t ? c f r e f iooV afft-ct ife^b- f c ? w?if?t f e t ? a?i
i i v S iib-) I i o f t - f t t t io5o/ io t f e t ^ , ifeHfe te? t?eFie c f f c?Kf
f f t f t S f t t f f w t t t ? t ?fft 'WftTfttt t f f f f f t t f f w f5rt?t fc?? I w?fe?tet t f f t t t e w t f t f f f r 'wT?ft-fttf?
Wtt g. ( i ) Fr. Taeschner, in Die Welt als w t t - f f f (5)-? f f f t rte t w t r ( w f t f f t a ) r w fe?? i
Geschichte, iv, 1938, 390-392; (?) C t t f , in ioff;/i>b8fe te? f f f t f r , w t t t t t -a faetift r t r t w c w
Beitrage zur Arabistik, Semitistik und Islam- ttt T ^ t t t ? fC?? I e,t? ffft iofeS/ ifeffo-8 te? ffft??(?
wissv/isschaft, t f t . R. Hartmann and H. Scheel, T ^ w m fe?? a t i c f t t t ? tte fti?wc?? t ? f f f t wtr?
Leipzig 1944, 348-352; ( o ) ^ c t t f , in Schwei- ftrtf f f ? ^ f c t ? ttrcf tfft-tf>s?ftff tret wtftt t?m r?
zerisches Archiv fur Volkskunde, 1956 %, % (Cft ioife/ ibrfeb-, '^'9) I ^ t f t t f f f t t rte t w t?^ t f f
i o A - i o f f , i i o f f a t i i i 8 8 fSfCR? t t r t f t t t e t t t f f t e t
f t t t e t ?Tt ^w? WtT tfff? frf? tffcfW 's^^ff a t t
W l t J t t t c t t f f t t t f C f g. Gerard Salinger-a? ftff f f f
W t t f t f e ? ? wtTwt, tft's t r t w ct, fwft c t t t t ctcf? t t r
Was the Futuwwa an oriental form of Chivalry?
f f r t f ? ftfttflet? cttt? ctcf? c t t t f t sttjtw tttw? ft
in orlens, 5 (1952), 332-336.
cttww fftttflct? wtwct?, ffef? ftfw f w w f f e t ?
Fr. Taeschner (E.I.2)/a. a t . t t r f p ? T f f t waat
t f e f f f t t e t c t t "s?^ w t e w t ftfwe?? w t r '^te c t t
^ - * W t ? m ^ ( ^ L ^ I) w t f t - t t t R f T t W t t t t ctftfr, t f e f f f f f t f t ' s ? ^ w t e r t f f f w e ? ? i w t t -
t f t f t t t t ' W t f f a f w t wft?/ t t t f w T % -ffwt t w t t t f t 'wT?TTf? f f t t t t f e f f t f f ?tft WW fte? "ffrw"-? ?i5?i?ff
c t t f I f f f f tTtttfte=*f? wffttft f l c t t a t i wtftt cffca? c t t f ? f 'Q fftttw? wwf? tcf's t r W t f t c t f wtfvs^ I a t fiff
t f f f t f f f w wte? I f f f f t t t t f c f f i t f l c t t a t i W f t t t c t t wtffet fp wtfftw w ftfwe? a t i tn? f f t t i f t w f wrtt?
f ' W t twttef f t f w w T f 1 f f f f 'wtft t t f t - ? t t f t t t t f f i i " f t ( f . Wf?fiT f T ^ t r e ? ( c t f t A Berbrugger, yoyages dans
??8/ VvSfe, WtW-W-ft, S>0) 'Q ' w t f p T ? t t t f?"twt t t t le Sud de F Algerie,.... Exploration scient. de I'
ttftft w t w - w t t t f t f (wtt-wftwtttttft, ' j . ? i i ) - ? f f t j t e f f A l g e r i e - a , fet., iV8fe Motylnski. Itineraires
f f f S w t t t t f C f t I t f f t t f t t w ftttet? C f f w t ? t t ? t f t f t % entre Tripoli et F Egypte. W l t f t i W f ifeoo ^.) i fsf^
ffwf T f e ? ? w?T t t ? ftfttc?? I WtT? f t t w t ? f i t f ' W t Wtftet t f f W?T a f ttw a t t f W W M. Lakhdar f r f wtw?
t w t f t f^^twtt c f 3 I f f f t ^ fe? c t f f f f t ? ? f t f t t f l e t ? Wftft fC?? (Les etaps du pelerin de sidhilmasa a
W t t t ttt I f t f T f ? ?f?r f t f t t f l e t ? t f t t t w f T e f cfitrcttf la Mecque et Medine, 4e congres Feder. Soc,
fffewe t??ff ftet? - f f w c t f f t t f t f t w t r ? f e ^ t Sav-a Algiers 1939, ? t . , feSi-b-b-) i w t f f f Wft-'wttTtf
ftfttc?? I fttttw f ' W t #??-^tfe? f f f t ? f T l W t t ? ? f t t ? wT? f w f f t f f t t ? ? fc?? (i) W t f r fft-ff', f f a ^
w i t - f t f f WfT? ?ta tlct? I t f e f wew a f ttw f f wttttr; (?) wttftr tifft-f?wt
fft#t S ( i ) w t t - f f f f , ffwtt, C?trt i o i sft.,'J. vSSfe; Wtt-'WtfttTt 'WtWt-fTT t f f - f t W WTt-ftffw, f f W t t f C f
(^) w t - w f , tf?ftw f w f t f - f ' W t (Bibl. Ind ? l feo), f f ; (o) t f e t ? wit? mm f f ; ( 8 ) wit-^'ft tft-'wttt
f. ois-o?o; (o)t f ? ftrrt^, Wwlftft-ftftf I t f t . ^ r t - t ? t i f wtt-wtf' ftit-ffwf f w "GTf f w t t t r f w r - t
'WTtft t f t t t , CTt? ife08 % b-b--fe; ( 8 ) Wft-tfWtf, f f f t f t W t W f f W t - t t f w t T f ; (ff) t f f f f f f t - w t w ? W t t r r t
ffwtt, Cttrt i O i S ft., "J. ?8S-ffo; (ff) Wtt-Wftt?t?tf, wtrftt-wtw?, #??-i5t?w t l f t t ; (fe) w r ' f T f ( t w r i f f )
f f f T ^ t - t t f t t , CTB1? i o o f e ft., 1. O o f e - O i o ; (fe) Wfffw' ffwTtfffft-wttww' f r t ? f f w f c t ? f t t - f s T w (cf:?tw
t t f t - t t f t t , t f T f t w ( t f t . Flugel), ife8-fe; ( H ) ff-^tift ^ t s t t t r r r fefa w w ^ ) i
ttwf t f f C f I t
t.ft.VHfe
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Contents
WlfSFf WlfJSCWT)
nrnAw i -at mrsctt tnf^ cnmp wttrnn n t c f est nn

(A) s s i R f , nMn^--5nARt, At., 8(?; (o) t t f , fAWHtw, f . wm t t f : n t n nsfnnte^ fmenn nem csstn cssTn cntns, csnn
nto, i(?o; ( 8 ) w m r a f , 'wTsfitin-wrAra, <[W ^ C ^ S H / i v v o , n m f f fAts 4e? tAtcss mnsnn^- 'sntA't' {j^î i >_,) f n
i t . , bd (mrarar ioAo/iSo(?, i t . , tob-); ((?) t t n ntfn n r f ] --an wfen wtnsn ssfsnrewn, w. wrs's wtn-wttt'w
win-nnf, nrtn winAtfnn-fnwin, wmfwnrn iSoA %, .f. too [ffwTfn-A'rm'snTn], st., A A H -S nt., oo t., ( j ^ j -snttn
(to) R. Basset, Recueil de Memoirs-ia, xive, fnsen) i cntCAf wtsfc wtffn ( J ^ i ) 's tfsn (j_.i) twsfts
Congres Orient, wnf^rnrn iSoe f., f. oi; (H) E . fntn -assft wtsfts nft nt^mf4 -at wen wcn^ wm fnttn
Fagnan, Cat. mss Bibl. nat d' Alger, nt itoHo, iSoA; wens wm fsm mfnm ntn i nsen -ass w?n nfm wtsfts ensoa's
(b) E. Levi-Provencal, Hist. Chorfa, f . ^toA-8 ^ ftm t t m ttess I
tnn^; (S) R Blachere, Extraits Geog; ai-abes, otoS "wtsf ar?nfes wtfsjn ntan est nnsn n4m m'sm mn
t . ( i o ) M. Hadj-Sadok, Bull. Et. Ar.->il, ne^^-R^TO cnt'sfms m ffsfS wtt fnemf f a , cnnn -afne%f5enn
iSSb f., f . ^ o 8 - ( ? ; (ii) Brockelmann, At., f. 8to8,
Historia Animalium (ntAts nntw frTAStTSit wtn-
t f l R l t A, Hii I
wtftw t c ^ t fnrncAn) êw -ant mftn fnw? ntan mftw]
M. Ben Chened - [Ch. Pellat] (E.I.2)/
stew fttw I ctesr^ fca, fftn s?fsm fff nttrss ff%tt^ nnm
fAt^n'ontnwift
fnftnwn%te51
^rtffPT ( i ) s ( W T . ) t f t n 1nf%f t - w n t n'tni WTstnTCA 'wrss cnw ffstfenn ne wtfsrenn tfenn fnfg wtt,
[tATs ncm t m r n ( j ^ i ) 'G t n r m (j-ji)-'<3 nferrcA; c t m r ^ fftn nsfnm ftt fff-&sen mn^ AS I
Srottt fnwwn ncn w i stnT ttcn^l i "wmf wRmnfnntt tAtn ?ests m ' f n (mttrt)--an cnnH-s wtfnrenn cmn wffsn
wT tiAtff nn^ni (j-c j ) t n R m c ^ , t f ? f n t n n # n - w ? R t T n n t t sftntcA, wTf-mfft-n nsnrs -ann tffs tegt m t , t m ^ m ^ t
'wrfnm' -<an cnt ntnT tnnTc^n WTATC -at wctn (tTATft nnsnr) '-iii<iij(r(-ntf wTn-m$i,ff s wTfn^n-wtmn ste? (g). t s m t f ^
nn<!n fncn m i ftAint -at w?n cnt nn'Jnf'fgj -s t i n affff ntnT nftmcAi
n#?TTCAn WTAt trspft n w n c w i wrsftwicn sfcntwi A S -ant ar?t#f % ( i ) wtf ATsrm wr-wt-sAff, tnm, it., itoto,
wfnnntt c^ca fATcnn t R Afntcss fncnt n^cn i -iit wf itoH, iHo, iHA, into, ibS, ib*, (Wf. Kopf. Osiris, iAt.,
nnsn wcfn nftws nrnssnrff nrm ntntnTtw wnrrm n r f (iSJto f.), Stoo [tnrnS]; ( A ) m f f , 5. (Wf. Jayakar, it.,
rnmnfCA wrfnm *Rmn fffrnfCA fsfrcnt "^tnt tress i <at ÂA t.); (o) wtfsw, (ffwtfn) Atrn'snm, ^n nt, fnrnS; (s)
fîwTcsn nwm nnsn t c ^ tntcnn înm "stcw m-sm mn Hommel, Saugethiere, tnn'^ g. Steinbock; (e)
cnt^fnn nrnsrs fsrwn fncnf f c s -ant n w nfrrs nm ttmcA tsfn-ntswm, wtfn 'wtn-fssnTmwn-wTnfnm], fmss' i^jji f^.^
cnttn f n w ? ntiat "wmf 5|?nfCA ftns ^nnsmcn nffo it., nA-no; (to) t n n f wmm, 'tffn-wi-inm, nnnem
^^mcA I mm Atss, wiftfnnrt f c t s -s tnnrcnn mnfes f c t s nsicm
iSA*-i5i>oo f.. At.. SS-ioo; (Wf. Kopf. f. H*. Hto); (n)
(g. cnnn Noldeke-'^n Belegworterbuch, f. eo -s m r n f f , 'wrmtfn-mtf^-tw (mm. Wustenfeld), it..
wi[=i'-a)|<i,>i. At., f, iî, 3! Ab, Hommel-ian fntfc, f. obto-bH; (b) tsn f m , ftmmn, qt., O A ; ( S ) A . Malouf,
AHS) wt1nin--an wf nsnw m m f n w i - t t i n i c<Rm wTnn Arabic zool. Diet., nnnem iso^ f., fnfB; (io)f-smnf,
t t f c t Afsc^rs wf%^ fn nsn nstnt fln m i [ R n w T c n n -at fnsmtwn-'wtsm, st., O A S t.; ( i i ) ntsn wtnwrf, wtn'ffm,
n'fm f^fsncTfiCA.nfins nn; nsp^t wiftfnnrf f c t n sncnr ARctn mmem io^s ft. it., eb-es; (iA) wtn-fnwrsf, wtn-
(<= i_iii twifn) test nntwicn nftmcA -ant t t t A^t wns|fn nsmff, (ntt. Stephenson), f. iA-io; (io) E.
wrncn wfsns Ates m-am mtw i wTffn^ 'wmfcw-s wtfnjn t f t Wiedemann, Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Naturwiss. *o t.,
Afst (Fallow d e e r ) wcf nrn^w A S -ant wm-wrfnn Aoto, ftnn i I
wm-fnwRR J ^ V I ) nnm Afst ( Reindeer)-ess L. Kopf.(E.I.2)/-a. ^n.^^wtnn
nm Atm ttess] i
'^l^j (g. f ^ )
^ t wm ntm sSc^ '/^t fîftn f H sn wtm A ^ , n s j f c t
#sw? t^-sfnn " . S T nswt m 'intfw! fln -ant <^css>fB Î^J-^ ( v J ^ ' ) CwT)nftcncnn Job, fswTcnssftrsftn
fn^^n wm -anÂ t^, wrsrs -af& fens wm <t>c?ts>rD t ^ â^sp^ nf, mrams^ cm^=e=ra ^Rrn ^x. wim^ f^ ^^jff^
t n m f Rtcsnn
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Contents
t t t w e t t t e t r t w a t t f f f w wtfft ftfe?, ( f . Baba

R ^3 t t l f ? - l f f e R W?R T J I ?*m?WW URTfo W f l r ? ftf& Batra, 1. c ; Seder 'Olam Rabba, xxi; Bereshit
sjt<?m t f a r o ^ t wwr? w r o t f t r o - t f e T H fr-wtft Rabba, XXx. 9 . Abot R Natan ed. Schechter. P.
t w f e n (?H (?i8Vv5-V8, 8i-88) I CttWW WtTO 3 3 - 3 4 , 164) I f t f t t f c t t f t t tcwt, t ? f t WtfT? (WT)-a?
ctt f f t tw ttffwc?t, a t s f t fro wtwwrt Book t w t f , r t ? fft; ?tcf t t w cfcr? f t ? f f f w ?#?n f r o
of Job t f T ^ f w i wtfrw? ttt l i f t I Job ct mm WCf f c t t t f c t f r o c t r f t t w ro a ? i w w f c t f f r ? i
t # ' ^ wf-? f f t ? t n t f r r o mm wrof tft ?ttic? f r o cter a f f ^ r? ct, ffft t r ? W f f w a f t t ctrt? f c t ?
(Jemes f f t f t Testament of Job, it., s.) 11ft ftct? f t ? WW ftffe w t t r ? (. Abot R. Natan, P. 164;
'Wcttt' ( f 'Wft' t t r o TT ft^ ?c?)-a? ^ f" (W)-a? a f Testament of Job, v.) a ? i WTf? ( W ) - a ? ft ffcsi?
fttt? f a I Twlt f f f ^ wS?f c t t C f ? tc ftft t??ttN f r o w f ? w t r o tifte?? w w wew? cftw Wfe w t t r ? i
( W ) - a ftwf a f t r f t ? f a i f t w i f f t f t r t c t t c f ? tc t t f t ffew? w f f f f t i w t w t f ? (wi.)-cf ffftc?? f o ? f^
W f T ? ( W ) - a ? f f t w t ? t ^ a ? i ftft f f f ( w ) - a ? f a r f f f f f r o fw?e? f t ? WW r f e w i t f t ? f r o w f t t e t
a f W t t - a ? ftrt i W ? w t - w r r o f f t w f ^ c t w f t W f t ? t f f t ffcsf? t f a t f f f ? fc? I wtfwsf f t t t t ffffe?? te
( W ) - a ? CFWW etc?? t ^ ?fro tftiwc??, f r o ftt t ? f t f f f t|5t t t r o t t ? Wfftt (wt)-a? ? ? t f i t wg? t i t ?
t w f , ffts c f f w t , f t f ? -pf, t f f w a??, ftft ftct? f f (See Bereshit Rabba, Ivii, 3 ; ixi. 4; Testament of
w f - f t f ? f f t f F ? I titc?ct? Job f s c f f r o '^'scf? ?'fro Job, xii; f W A i 8 b-o-V8 t f C f W t t t f Ctf?; ffft^^rfff?
Cftt ro, f r o w wro ct?, ft? rota ft^ f cww net? f r o c 5 f cofct? Ctwet? t f f f t t f r r o fftwc??) i ftwtet
t t t , ftb f tttt ^ ?^ ts,tjf ; f r o t ftt I f r o w f a fti? (ob-s8A) f t t c w t t w r t w e ? , Wfj? (wt) w t w r ? ^ f e t
f?It ftt (Job 1:3) I tttctct? f ^ W ? cttt ro. Court of ft%ft? t w t t ftfct a f t t ^ i t ftfe r ? I w8t? tfft f r o
heaven-a Lord a f f t ? Job-a? t f W f T O Satan t f f t , tttfe cfttt fc?? a t i tfft tt? fc?? wfti a t w e t f f f t
f r o fftw? t w t t t f f t f ctft fef, t? ct w f t t c f ftft c?ftfwr? I
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t? Lord-Cf tftrt, f t f f t f f f e r Job-Cf f f W r t t t f i t I i f t w ^ f a t t ^ t e t w t e ? i a f rffe?? t f r o
f f ^ c t f ^ t f f t ! Lord t? Satan-Cf tftrctt. ctft ro, w w f t fffcf? tftft f i t I wT^jt (wt) f c f ttfw w e ^
'Behold! he is in thine hands; but save his life t t t fc?? 1 te? r ? trte c<aiti ftfft f i t i f?wte?
w f t i Job-a? # ? ^ WW t t f etc?? f f ? Satan-Cf f f ? (OV888) f t r?, w t w r Wft? ( w ) - c f tftrctt, " a f t w t f r
* ctW t t t 1 wSf? Satan (smote Job with sore boils t t t t wf ffcf t r o f t a?i t t t 5 f ?5ft^3 w i" w t w r w t f ?
from the sole of his feet unto his crown) f W ? (wt)-cf f r o f t t t f t w e f ftcf t f tttw t r o wfti tttft rot
W f t t t W f fisigtf WC f?W ftt (Job 1,2 s 1-7); tt Job wtw f t f w ? ?T?ff ct? I cmtffw? tet W f t (wt)-a? ctt
w? ff? ftffc ftffet? w I ffft f f c t t e t ? fc? f w t f t e t ? a t i t f t fg-fttt w ? } f r t fc??, f r t e f ? ff??t t w e f ? 4 ? r w f w
ffew? wc?i? f f t f f w ? ffe w f f e t ? i w f f e t ffew? f t ffttc a f t w ?cr? I f f W C t ? f f f ? (ob- 8 8 o <LLa\ <u I . S^JJ
wftw W f W f f T O f f f r o f f ? f t ^ t t t t f w e f c?ttfw . - . I - j ) "wtwr f r t c f ro f t f c t ? f r o t t f w ? , wtc?f
f f t e t ? a ? i f^'Ot t w t ffet? i Job-a? f t t f t rte w t t f tfct? t t t i t t f cWfw?" I ? t r o te WffT? ( W ) - a ? c t t
t t w f t f t t f l e t ? a??, f f ? f f t f f e f r ? i f f w tftittflct? i
7^ f ^ T f t -^jj^ f r r t t f??^^^tffe r ? i f f j f wtrcf? tc
f t w t e t ? t f r o t f f e ?ttc?et? ? f r o f c g t e t t t t w f w t t t ,
f r o f t f t r o f t f r ? a ? i f r o te w w twte?? wtt r ? i
ftwte?? w t f ? c t t f f w (:?fft wtwr? ffrc? w t f f f t flet? twt? t l t r t fftf^ tftf tc Afew? f f s I f c t f w ? f f r o f r o
(Ob- S 8 8 ^ I j l <Cl A ,,\ \ ^ - l j _ , l ^ '<^^J L^'O I ' T O t t # ? ? f t t s>o t i t ? ftfttfe ftfttc?? I f r t w f ^ w ? t f f e ?et?,
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f f f f t e t t t t ? w f f w t f 'Q fttttet? ? w f I ffft f l e t ? t f i te f f f t c?ffcotet? f ? t f t t , t e t w w t n t ' f f f e tlct? i
w t w r f w c f f r o c t t ? f f c t ? ftfS a f f T O mm ww ct?t W t f f ? W W a t , wtf? (wt)-a? t t f w t f f f t c t t f i c t
fc?? 1 w?t? te a t c t t t t f i t w ^ r o , wttet? te WwttfW i c t r t t fc?? f ? t W t f f ? tte?^3 tftrt f i t I f f t ( w f ? )
ftww fro f f ? * r o wftfwflct?, f w ? f tT? t w t ? f r o ctet W ^ ' ? WW fc? ?t f ^ ( W f , f w f t . At.,
ttwf ffSCftt
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toSo 1., g. Dair Aijoib), -fRnf% wsrlm-s CTtttW cn^fCt tn f f n memen wn?m nscsn -antto-afSm, i S i s wtfnet
' A M f wifTs' (wifTn--fin w i t H ) t m s fr#Sf 'nwrn. tfsnn w n I
mst mm-ifis mn cmm ms i -fcs crnm^ ?fnw 'mîf ar?f#f g (i) S. Gopal, The Viceroyalty of Lord
wifjs' s m st I tsmiw Wfjcss si^css (nits^ wifjs) ssm-s Ripon, 1953; (A) S. M. Khan, Life of Abdur
tcimmm i stfwmin^ tm A S 'sinfn'--fis m^ fvnlls Rahman, 1900; (-a) Lord Roberts, 'Forty-One
ft^y I c # s A m s fsss, s i t csw (Joshua, xvii w m a ) Years In India. 1897.
tUfms iRcsicmTC^ w m e n "R's ( w T f i s " ( w j c s s f t ) C. Colbn Davies (E. 1.2)/ ^mfn t R
Sfmm wfft ssm A S {% Mudjir al-Din, Hist-de 'tH i^LL g f A T m n f ^ nt^m (i-s^tf/
Jeruslem, Publ-in the Fundguben des Orients, i s o n i o s s / i s n s ) , mcn^ tif*fens sttn stsm cnmtfw
ii, 130) I (iS(fi-(fb) -s csifncto^; (is<fb-tos %), is cn. rnnrnm mens
s t ? t # f s ( i ) w i m f f , i t . , otoi-otoS; ( ^ ) 1^ c n t ^ , ctn fncn, m-snmftfsn <to mtn t s c n , t ^ - t f % n f m fcnctn
Zorenberg- f w s t s f f ^ê WfSfn, i t . , A<f- t . ; ( o ) wms ctm-smn fnmetn stntm cwnrn cnrnm -men f f n -ass î^t
mmiff, wM-wimtn, i o s t.; ( s ) Rm^, fss-mfm-miRm, nmfng tfnntes wnistAt w n i f ^ f s mn tm (f . i s ^ n f.)
Eisenberg mm., inS t.; ((f) m n t f , -pw, i t . , S i t.; f f t t cn-tHlftf s A^nnn An--a -awm fsmnmn enws flenn i
(to) Sale, f S W n , A s iobr; ( n ) Grunbaum, Neue f m s w t ^ wtt -s wf^ flenn i f f n flenn fmsm f ^ f n t e w ftn
Beitrage Zur Semitischen Sagenkunde, Leiden twt ttn n w I m i m n t f n wtftn tm --an ctta fln wtfnn;
ibrSo f., c^toA t.; (br) J. Horovltz, Koraniche f f f s ^ wt^ttfnw stew wtfnm f s s -amw nnnm w n i
Untersuchungen, Berlin iSAto f., i o o t. i -ass nnes fmens f s f f s t t cnt -amw tmss flenn, w t n
ntR^ t n m f f fstcsstn fAtm f%t -s ttensf t t n n f n w f w e s t s w s n -ant ntntsit
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mens f s mi m'fs mens mt i w i i R i c i s w m n w n^snrnflnm i t n s f nnen -at tfnnm ste wt^mmm-s fstn
m n e ^ mst cts 'mfs-s f m s mtcns mm fsmn fln i R R -ass cAit wtt nnrnn ntAffs tm tfftenn c^#n nft ttmflenn i
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tm msem t n m n w n i ib-ns f m e n m'fn tm wtfs ftmcs -s 2Etmems fln i f m e n n mwwtm fln ft^fcsn rnn^ -a^ snenn
cts ' w t f s ? m R f w Aten wtfjs tm wr^ttfmstcn etwnmsn m^ftf tst I
w n mi Aisic^s twns fnfss An i f t f s wr^Ptm fcws ctsRc^ w t ^ sttcn fnsf menn mn mtn f n s f nstt menA mtfnss
(ib-nb-b-o) nw fntcns nssts cts 'wtf nwss ^sitm ntemntt fnmtncn -s ten mfn n t f nnest menn fnssSnf ARfn t ^
m A S I mess snmtAiess -smf n e m f w mfsen wtfjn mn fmess fnmtnen twt^m nscsn i fcn wmtm fsnens nest f f n w f t -s t f
cntm ^ê fswtfww sscsn mi m-snte=n csmtesn mestw m i W R I -awmfw -sfSnss cntnf mcAcsn fnnst wtnf-s m i
(Burrows)--as c n w f t f n - a w n f R n siRf c^-s tft w n W R I iSAA f. f f n t ^ f n stew f f f f s fnwtet m t ^ f n t n
( A t ^^mt, i b b o ) I mm (^mRss smtn (ten nw) tRf^fws t t t w n 1 1 ^ R t w w m cnt ntnnt R R w t ftw' f n f n n
cmw tfsmsn w n , f f n wtfis mens stftfe^ tm ssfsm ffw fn^fsnJMcs wR ^ i wtftcnn wtm< -s f^^tw f w f m n fnetn
snin ste w i A i e s tnn w n i wtftn wtn mste msmtnst Wfmt fln I mR n w wtmenn ten iSAto f. ^ ntcn R.-a.
w n I 'wmfs-ntA'mn tm sstfcns wtfs tten sttent f f n t f n n fnmn fim fcn ttntw cwmesn f n nswss ttntenn mt^m^
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ssfsm cmt I i b b i f f e n n ctn fness 'wmfs-ntA'nm wtmcss nsfsm^^trnnAf I isAn f. fnme mnnnnent f m s ffwfnemt
cttsfnwten tntfww nscsn -ast mstw stew fnmf^w nscsn i wtftn A?r I cnt ntnnt f f n f n t n ntw w n i R R i n / i s t m ^
tm tisenis mtmen wtm .stAt w n i ibbn ffe^sf ttnntt cnfwene% ntRt Rts ttfntf?? An i sttn ntnR<p m ^ f s m
fncmeAS w n fnsm f f n wtnsttfnten wtRtwr wwenn cstt fwRfnff, emestt -s'^Rnnwfnfsnfmnt^fcn^^w flenn i
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t n m f fmgemn
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wffcfe^J tn? (i5wt f w - a ? srfef^ c t r a f f e e t ttltf t i t ? r w N f f w f t t w oTft ct? I c t t t t e ? f f f t t r s f f f r ^ S t t f f

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cnct tmmortlns n ^ fencns wm cstfSt f s i w ' w i f n nnerns ntnfnns-s cnnrntn^ n t f n m t i n W R 1 1 ^ afcnct wr^m
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nc5 -ant mftns f e n t n t t n f n (ib-s-s-f .?)--an cnwcf w t n t ^ t e t - a f t f f f f n n t w m f fnftt w n i Intrtw w t e n f n w
^ s n n f t n m tfi AS; wiftn ttenn "^s^wt stActn fen TRNT ftfw f w (Kalin)-<an t f n f & w f f m n t n n wnn -s wmtm
t i n tffss^tenn ctn cssftn n f t n m i artcnftns tntcs-s tfnf^fw nemnn wnn fnftetn w m f f n atttm-s w w n w n i mtntent
-anststt fntn t i n i f n ftfssien ntwsnfw^ f l f w f t n w m f n Atsis ten wtfTn--an fnfnw f n f n ntwmfn ntnsmt w AS
w s f t t t i n n s f e t ^ e t t b f n i cssg -a atcntnfCA n f t n w ctenmtmntni
t t f t f n t w - f w e n s w e n t n n t cnct wttnf^ 'wnîn ^ fnfcnn afitfnss tntn t f 4 s t e n wtfrn t m cnet ntwJnfw^
wnntw net, tnntwi -s fn^-wm titflCHs nnsn artless w t ^ atRnm f s m w n i i s x j s f . A-JJ weltnn f f n cntfnss t t w a
nsRm cssen i cnetn ntwffw ncswn atntn cnmtfw cwmesn t w % (Basic Democracy System) cnmm W R i t m t i n
wrgrn tfn--iin ttt%f4wien "^nm tAt f s n t n w m cnât at? f m s t tmff watwT^ ssenn fnntER -s t m n m s f t i wntetn-
AS I s> wn, i<(jb flwff^mnsfn -s Rnenttt cnmtfws fnensmn atwT^ cte5 nnst cnet boôoo cntfnw t t w f f nmm ffstfbw
f f n W Q f t ntnenn w m atntn cnmtfn ten nfn cnmn ^tenn ( f f -a tf%n tffften wtAtenn n t t n aftn nmn n m n t
nt w n I t i n ) I WtAtenn ewtc5 cnetn catfncE^ f^ntfbw t t e n n i cnfftns
n wettsn, is>2-b-e eatfne^ t m m w F M ( i b s s - i s - b s tnwfff^tetn nem t t f n s n , mm, cwm trtfn w t f t s t i n i
f . ) ttffstenn t t n n w a m f f n , essfn artcnftns nnsnsnfCAS is-jjo % i(? C O T t i \ro,ooo cntfnss t t w f m wtffeit
R f f ^ -3 n w srs^fwss n n fnfnw cmnm nsfnm n n t cnet m n R ^ ntw ssfnm wt^jn 8 ntnens w m cnetn eatfne^ ffsifbw A^ i i s
t m n w t f w n -ant cnetn atntn cnmtfw cwntesn.wjn ttness es=4slfs m-anlnftfew f f n t t t afAt " w n i cntfnw t t w g
atntn ntnfnm w t t n attmnsfnfss nsenn i nnst m f f w r n i f T M T crnntm mm m m t t f n atcnt ^t^^ t t c w ntntnm w i t n atttnns
f l n attn ntnfnss t m n w t f i mf^s^mwftnwtcn w r ^ rnn-ian afwjtAm w n -ant w n f c n t w ^ fnemt w n i w w s t n wwj
enwc^ cnntntRf cnetn t t n n nsnm f n w nsfnm cmi i AO fnn ffwrnngt'SfAt m m f f n cnet w<tnfw^ watnfwmsn-antfn
tn wclmn, itxib-cw t n s n w fntcss w t n t t f o ssfsm wrgm -a m f n tffffens nem arfSwten fnntfww ^snrn f n ff:
fncw nâtrnn An -ant T ^ wtfnte^ fntm fnnn (m wettss f s f n nest A t I mwSnfw^ atfaRrm t n s f tnten is-bA f . i ntb cnct
fnnn) nfnm cnrnm W R I t t n n w i mfwn nsfnnm t n f w n nn f w n t t n n w a cnmm w n 1 1 ^ t m n w g w f n t f n n w t i n
<i<%\ii catfne% f n m c w f R t i n m, wtftn wtmc^ naen catfncto^J t f w n I cnffnns t t w t f t m t t fnsmf wtw
t i i l t s i cnn t wwstn atnm nffn t n f n f s nsfnm fnm atmn ntnfnm (electoral college)-ntet nnw f f m i caffnes^ n ^ -a t m n
w t t n a t t m w f e t w t f m t m cnt t m n nsff:w m e w i f f ? ^ ffmctn atsm stenn i
n=nmnnen f f n ntnfnm wfAn wtfn nsfnenn i a t t e ^ f f n ppcg i i c s s f n n f t t t -a artenft^ t w f g t n catfne^ ssfss ff^-ss
t n m f ffsfew
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cntmm ^ m w w 1 tm wmm^ cnrnm men Rmr 1 cnt

WfCTITR n T # snSfW-G nstl tlfsW't Rl I fnfmRS ff^ mm Swn t e w cnm atwitAm. f w s f Rfnnn tnR tsnn
f f - s i ? f f ms f s m wifTs m n m f f r R f f n n f n nnw ftmttnw AS I wmmn crnntm w w m tes wTfis mn f m s
fnrn^lRw w n I t f n -at ncnn atmn w?.cfn (mn S R C W N M R S w n ^ tss^ nft f f f s n n wtff fjti (g.)-e^ wmfw mfR
f f n n f n ) nrnmf f n f m s ^n i ncnn w i n wtcnn mn s n nsenn 1 fttt fwcms sfActn Sefen mffR f^tmn mft nrnns
nnStnn fntnn f n i Smn cnwf w n mwt mfwn S f n i is^ff ntwSnfw^ nn t i n w n -ant ^^nwt mewn Setsten tf%5t
f . A wtfnifn cnftnns ntwa t f w wfntft nnsj mtfsrcn mimw mfften tnwtemnn ^ w n 1
Mti?n Wffew An I W f m mn--an f w c w nf%tnw fmmtft nn is>-b-b--j3b- -atosf. nrnmt tn c f n e ^ f ^ np#T wmn
( C O P ) 4lS!5t<r| TprPm f c t n ncm%o mff, nftcscn wlwn f s t m n mn f m s nrnsm -a cffsens % ^ wn?R nscsn 1 f m s tnenfnns
'wtft fw^--an W F ^ n t f w w tWfiA ( f .)-w nnfn m n ncn i ftfw nnsn A S -ast -assfness f f n wenfssn, ttrnt^, mfrm, ftn,
M\bM wmm mn ^ 0 % cmt mw n^fsm wft An 1 f m n S F F W ^ fn? -a nmmsptA f f : ^ s^ cnen e^ n w f n m ffsr cncns
n f f w R ^ mw n^cnn ob% cmt 1 nesf ^ n ^ f f ? sscsn -ant wtn fness ff^^ f s'îf s n^
WTfm mn-<an mnmncnn m W F W - S ^ f ' F n t m cncns ntlmn^ -a mltfwtt (wmesi ttmnean mft ffits
WMW-mffm f w 1 isâ- mcnn cnc'twn men n m l t w A S nfnm -afnwtent, is-bA f.) ttffR n w f n m wtfjcsn Sfnn mtfam
S A I W c n c t ^ f w m ncwn F N E N N fw-s n m mess 1 -a n w ?nenf^ ftfwn f w f f f w mrm nsenn 1 fms-ntni
wtfTn-IAN -^STJÔI -sJAets f f n w mff^tcn fftnm|r nnmgftfw cmse^ Sfsmfm fwn ni ttffR tf?sm nsnten wf nrnnwnss
w f f AS I W f T s - I A N wnn ^tcw m f f n n f t ftfw f f t w A S -ant ? R mw w I f R tfnn, fn?t tfnn, cmmemt ms?rs mttns
cnenn nrnfn^ -A csmîfss^ fnfwf cn m f f n mmn f f f mtew metmnt, ?nenf^ nrfêwj n t w i -a tsenfn^ fgt wwn,
me^ I is-bi f . cfne^ w t f m m f f n f<Fsi| n w nscsn -^MT cnnmtftftess nf^mtf w t twitR cêa stfw wsjtfw -a nrnsm
(Mm^ t s f n n^nm mw w n 1 mnewn nes? tiff-an nnmen wfiro A S I ?nenPfss ffff ^Jtwntft cnn -a *()i-srifa<i' ennnfCAS
m f f n wsmiAtm m nsfnew me^ 1 is-bi f . wmewn atnm nft nesf f n m f ?ttn mm fwR wt^.ntnsm wwn nscsn 1 nsen f m n
T F Q W weAsmn cncAS^ mfss^Tcn w t n n w n -ant wmm mn--an f n m^ tnw, m n ^ t^nens sfR R R tRf^ncmemt
nesf f n f nffn mR fnn^t ^ m w w n (wmr f n mf^îcn tm mrm fne n ^ -^ntflcnn 1 fnfnn fm?ffn nes? R R nsnw
nftn mfn fscnn mft wftmtfnw mc^; is^ci-too f . m%[ nfff^ ntwiwnss nmf ?ttnnsff:wn^ststfAenn 1 mRtw
wemsm-A mt' A S ) I isÂ f . fm-wmw ftm f w n t f t A S I f s m tnmft wn4, fsnems -a -SfwcAis f w tfswten atwifm
cnt fcwn ten wtenffm ftness "sfffcms f f s m w m wmew wTfjn mn -assfness -af%m -ant - a ^ nesf fnfnn fm?tfn -answn
mTt^wren w ^ ntAmr m n n nsff: mffen wienffsns mm ntwntf mf%sfSict f f An 1 f f ttfftcns mwmft mnne
mffTcns n m e f n wnnfw nttew mess 1 w t f m nm ffenn ncsr nnfAt a w R f f m wwifft wrn^tf^ Rmtw nnfwn
ftm i[F^ A'Jnf R r n n r n w ^ 1 w i f m fm n w nsfnm writn ntmin-fftssn -a wtntnif R t R ffR f m s t temtct tn^tR ^
cnm m-A cw-WT--an (m's m f t ) nesf w i e m ^ nsesn 1 tcs ftens s)smfss=tcts wif mm fnfnw A S I tsm -a f s e ^ nesf -awnct
c f n c s ^ fn-s m-8-ff (1n-8 m-s F ) mffm n w nsfnew wtfnen f f n mffienn wn^frn^ nAcmffm nt?i ( R . C . D . ) t i n sscsn 1
WtAtem f n f n n i t n n t n f n ^ t n w t ^ 1 wtWTFWS5 n m e f s -at fwnft t ^ n f n fnfnn cncns fisttss= nAcntffmfm w t n R ^ ,
t f e s is-iiff f . cnc't^ wtsw wnsf^msmen mRm wtapnt f f ^ f% -a ntf^fRi^ tfnens stestm tm tin sntmn ftt 1 Wfjs
nen (wtnw ef t f w mfftenn w t ^ t wapnt w 1 f n mffR tmt flenn ent nt?t tiens f n Semt^ 1
cnt nnen m n w s f f w f l n 1 f f ? wtsw -at fnc^ wtsFnt w ^ sfcncnn ncsr w^tnfw^ ?nnm fftnsnetn wm wtfin wmt
mt) I f ^ m f n wTfis mn nffsntsnsntet T S T f w t f l m n m cBtt w n I tf%n ttRtens mnft stenn-fnf, csfRsm, msnn -a
nsenn 1 i s fnmsnft few TF%si mffTenn fnfwg nnensca t ^ - t f % n ftm m:n"i ntm -an? ttfnt m t f ^ mffm nrnns
m^-ntftft w^tnnnm ffsfcsn f s m f n e n c n t tntes -aft mmn ttiw A S wctms, isaa ncn 1 wtn fsn^
wtfwntens Renen Sws t ^ f w n?if w 1 is-b-b ntenn wtfstR stenctn-a mn tfnnwn f f m mm A S f f mffm 1 Serm fln
men cntfwesw ntf*mm stsm nft wienf^ cmfnf?R--an wtngnaR:n n@n wttntwn fentwn nnsn c w i Swn stencnn ncsr ^snm
mffTcnn wTfin mn -A wtnews atsm n f t f mnniAifs m f f f t w t s mmen jnsstr -a fnn n m f f f t w 1 mtfm f %
ÔTNTC^ T N N -a^?, c*iltcii-o ni)-a^-oi*j .nTt% -a ^ ^ n ? ^ ( P . I . D . C . ) -a c^-aeim s f t P R f f n wt^Tim fnm WT^
t n m f t ffscsns
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ft m f t w H W epTR I \0>r< sm Wftt.ft f f f f 15 t t J f ? ft?? I f f f f t a c f c t t f t ( I R R I ) ttc?? f 5 t ? f t t ? aî

tlftwiH^ ttC5 ?5c^ I a ^ f t H w t t i t j f ? f t f t r w ? fttit<iN at f f i w f f w f f w ? c f
ifefefe ttwra t t f f f t f f t f f f w f t t tt^lfsj<t> w f f t f g W l W t f t t ? f t f t f ? t t ? t t ? cft?ttW C f ? I W l W t f t t ? R f f
f t S f f f t e t t W t W t ? f f f ^sttT f t ^ I a | ffffffft WtfTt f R ctffttttt t r t f f t f w ? WtfH fstw tftffe I fs f f f f t ?
?-f f w RRRo^ fWtrm f f f t t ^ a t i f W fSsfT (Worlts Programme) w f t ? ft^ft t t f C f f t W t f t R f f
awittl f i t f t f s f N w f (RWftR? f f f t w w t wjttt? t ^ f f f f t f f c t ? a f ftf? f f t ft?? I wiwtft w f ? ^ttt? ft? tff
f t t ? I a f i t t t w T f S H f ft^fttfwf Rtrrttt f t R f t f ftff tttrttt ftftrt?? cwta c t t ffwt w f t f t f f t w ?? wtw f t i t w
C f t f f t f t f T w t t f f f ctwftR? a f cfttt&fft t t f e w m t wifT?-a?t W t f H I ftft fffwt tttfffe www w w w f t
f t t t I t t H T wtRtft f r t t f f Wttttf f f f t t tttt, ( f t f f t t R W t f ? ?T??I? ftfw f f f t ffftg cwta f g t t w t tftffe f t t H T
t i f f f f fiffswttt? C f H f t w S t f f f (R1 Cf1tt5fftt C t t t t R Cf? I ffwitwca^ f r t ? WtW? t f w t i f f t f f f t f t i t t ? , s S w t
f f f t t l % t t t I C f t f f i t t w t t w t f t w t ! tt3 t t t t t ? f t t ? w t r t f ? ? t ? t f t t f f i i t ? , t f ^ f f w f t i t f f f f f j i t ? , 'sSsnt ?ftfiR
w t t t f f t t i t t c t t t f t t t t t wwfft f i c t ? I a l f l f f f f f t w r g T ? f ^ c t t f f t i t f t t w ^srtRffwt a ? i wtttw ?^ ffwt t t w f ? f t f ?
t t t t t tWTTT? f t ? R I C f t f f w t wttttt f ? <3 ff%t f t f f W t f W f t t t t ft?? I f f t f f w f f f f f f t ? w f c ? t CfCt? ?? t f t f f e
ffttff f f ? c?wf w t ^ - a ? Wff c t l R t t f f t t ctttft? f t ? ? I fffjtR? tftf?? f t f t f t w?? Wft f w r? I t f t WWC
wtft? fffW?fC?t t ? 5 t t f f f f t f f f f t c ? RCWTfSRf f f f c W f j c f g fftc?? f f t f f r t ? I ff^cwca wtrt? wtffe w f f c t ?
w t w t rwfwt?? t ^ r f f t t ?5t?? I f f f ?^ wrtttbRf? f t ? t c w c w f t t i t w? f f ? f H i , c w f i t t t w t - t f f i c f g , -etftt .
?tWt?fwf CtWfCT? t t t w t f t ? C f R f ^ t t t t t t ? C f l f i c f t t ? R tff t t ? f H t t f f t ? t t t f f 1 t f T i t t n S w <3 w<sft t t f t f f f1
t t t I C f t t t t f f t t ? f e t t f t t t I iSiifeJii % A 8 t t 5 ftff f t R Cfs ffcftwtct f c i t t t t t j I fft, f f ^ cttfitttct? cwca fftwg
c t t f f f t W f t t f r T t m t t r ' t t f R (s.)-m f f f c t ? f t ? w t w t tlft t f f f <3 f r i ? t f t w I W W trt? f f r . f f w f t t t f ?
TSfw? f % t f f w r f t fc?? I wwgf? f f f f t f t ?fwt?ff ffft<3 cpT>st? ffftt wrwwtfff t f w ? f ^ f f f t t wi?w?
^?tcw8 wtt?-strt fn?? I f f f f >3 wtfT?-a? 1 f r t ? w t t t t cfct f t f f e f f i ? f ^ R ? r? i
ifess f s t t ^ Ao a f f t , t t t T R t t t t f f f ? t t t w t c t r f t t a ? c t t f t t t ? W?ft? f ^ f f f t i ^ f w f t c t t f t i t t ^ f f t w f l c t ? ;
f3Rn ?^ r t t t wrqj? f R t f w f f t f t ? ? I f t f w f t f t f g ptt W l W f f e t t t ? ctw? ftft?tt? W W f f f f t c?w?ctff t ^ ft??
wtifw w t t wtw? w?t t t t f f i t c t t c?WRftw w f W t f f t f ? f f f a?i cfct? w i f t w f t f f t t t ? WW w f f ? f i f ^ t i f f t t f f w H
WI I WtfT? f R f f C f f f f f ? f f i i R f l c t ? 1 W W ? f t f f t t f t f t t f t f t t ^ ft?? I wtrt? w t t t t a t C f t t ( t t f w H f?tf
# ? ? f f t B ^ fR? fit I r? I spwftt? fffc W f t t t H f r t ? tftjiw ?iwS?tff W 5 t f t t f
w t w Wcw? fC?t C f t f ? R t f f e f ^ W f t f f f tt^--- f f f f (Friends Not Masters) ?bW f C ? ? T f f ?? ?f' w t t
a t f at^ f3ifft f ^ <3 Riw? f f f f ? t ^ ?5t?? ati ctt t t c ^ f t t f ? WlW w f ? t f ^ t f t f f e r? (ifefebr
ffffct? fftfff ? t W ? t ? t ? ? W W ftff W f f t t C5tt f C ? ? I wffwif f f f f t g ( i ) Mohammad A y u b Khan, Friends
cwcat f f f f R f t Wf i t^ffwroft? tctt wff t i w ? f f f f ? , w f ? Not Masters, t w t s , w w i f tfftwtttt c t t ifefeS (A)
ffwt f f f t , f f w f f f f f f t t , ffSsf? f f f f t , c t w ? W f f f W l W f f f t W t , 5 f f t ? f f c t t f t t t f W f t f t w W f f t 'Q
ffft?, Cft W t i t t f f a w i W f f f f f f t ? , f t f t t ffw? t f t f f e , T t w ?t?fW tfWfffwH >3 f ? f f r f w , i - 8 ifeSA (5.)
f t f t ? t f t ^ wtt? f t f t ? ft?Ttwtc? fttjt I a t t w c f f t i t t ct, sm f f t f w H , f f fttfswH, W t f ? t H , C t t ffwf? ? r t H , t f t a
ftftt f f t f f t f f e Wftc?? t i w ? f t ^ cfct? f w w w a w ? f ? t
tttw, ? ? f w w t t t w I
?W5? t R
W f f t f f t f ? f t f t t f l e t ? I w?Tt?T cwta f f f f t t w t f t f e f ^?tt
tttTr?f? f f t c w w f f t ? ? a t i t i w ? <3 t f t t t w t f f ? w w c t ^sfTgif ^1fft fPft
wtf2i<t>\ict wttwa wsjtfwii W W t e s t tlct? I cf-wtfw? c t t f I cttwttf W R W rte f f f ^ w f f f t
f p c ? ? cwca wtft? f H cît tf?tt w t f H w t f w ffttc??, f t ftfW^ t f W ? 5 t ? ? I t f f f t t ftwtt <3 ?1Wt?<3 t f f W t l c t ? I
f t ?@ttWRR Wfcttt W W t t t w tttf I f WlWCfCt? Rtffe ioolr/itrfeo R t t t tWtftt t t t W f t t ? ft?? I
^PC?? W W t f f f c f t f C 5 t t ? f t w t f w tfwc?? WtW ^ ^ T ? t f ? I >&fwrftfe ttwt? f f f t w t ? ? c f c f ? ?f?rfTf fctf wft tt
a t C f t t ? wtftgt? f f ff?t1t f f f t t w f w f t ? W f t t ? ? f t f t ?bW ft??, WtlCtt t w f f t f t f w f f t C f ? ?f?f ( f f ? W f f t -
ni1??tt?Ct? I W t t l t T T C?ft (C5tl^ tCSf tCSf fwft f t ^ W f f f % r't?ltT??' rWfft 5 t t W iOoi-fe ft., O f t f f f t t w )
t t w f ft^gcfit
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<3?nAAfftern tfwAtn (wtftt-t -sntAAfRffR, tmolin sn-sfSlcnn 'meWTt ntft m^ cftntw t[tw wn I
i^sto ft. fntrtw I cntftn w ffn Wffn-fnntn' wtm stn, sftcn ffcnsc^ n f f a stcn-ant ten wmnncss
(igfnni ^cw ic^b-n ft. Einnftw) ntnns ntfn ntftn (n.)->iin mfnns mftftcw f w i Aten i tnfn-wtftn ( i i i . , s^)
-a^ttR fnff nsm n^cnn i 't^^lfH-ftcnn W W ^ctn f s t nsfsnfc^-? i tnfn-wrftn f m s
s t ? t f s ( i ) Babinger, 372-3; (^) fnfenn-t t^mft, fnnf^wT, ffvât -s. f^tn tmn nmfi SmAstTntt ctt
i t . , 8(?i; (o) Othmali, Muellifleri, iii, 26-7 i
nsfnmc^ i ffn .xinn ntfss f^cw fn=iviHcw?i cnwf (m mi
B. Lewis (E.L'^)
wtmmncss <m nscsn, ntn ctfsi ^trntctn ^"^mntt -^ssmw Atm
ml?j^jR?tl ( ? fnwm nnrn^^fn tnn wtfjn nswss wtmcnncss !m nsfscw f s f w s f|?i i e-oViiob- nrcn fn^simn
2 f f f ^lassft ntwntetn mn i -at ntfn cntrssnt ^ t / i ^ t twtfn f n ^ Atew f t s s A-snm tn wtfm 't^nwi-ftn-ian w f e stfft
e'tnfncss -ant i n / i o t ' twtfn gftmc^ fnnn, fnfsnt, fnfnn sfsn nsenn i tmfn-fn f g t fAicss jffnmn csm-^ sscn^ -an?
ffnfn, fnwm fntcws nsmf S^ wnsn (wm-wrflm) mfntcsm fntfw fness wnf?w mmmrss-ian twns f%^ W R \
tsmrcnn tmss flenn r mwfn-fn wifjn S^ wnaenn Sjjf msn -ant wnrnstnctn
mwffn wifFt tsn tiff tsn ms-snm (tsn ttf%snn, ^^t., nesr ffsitm wemt i cnt nnn wmsf t%in fsswrf fn-
i8; tnn tinff, at., c^:^; cmn f s ^ t w fsm ntttfapcnn wrmnmA (f. i'to ft.) nrnma tfnn flen^ i mfn nwjn ^-n
tcftt nsfsntCAn), ntmn mmfmcn wtfm ntetn nrn^n nsm A S , wtftn mfntessn f f ntfs tmnssfn wtf twj ftnnn f:sn \ fwfn
wieninmn nfn (Dvin-mfn)->iin fn^t? wtwrnrnnsm mnss men WTfTsens %w tAcsn ttnnnsf fnf^ nsenn i wrfJenn mwt
w^ptAt w n I ffn ^smntf f f cttean m^ mm ctm m\3-3STfn wmtfn-fn fnfA srfm fg f n ^ - f e ^ (ffii-e-bs ft.) nes?
wsfi^ flenn I tot/i.^t twifn sttn fne^ ffn tmnrn ntfn ffnw sn I ffn-fn tm fntfrra ttm'nswf flcmr i ifn fnfsess
ttnnscnn wfn? igsswn nsnmf flenn i tnn ttffsnn fAts nrnef ftnenn wmfn fmn nsenn i f f ? mfntessn wnmsrsenn f ?
n'fm nsenn, wtfjn nfens wfnmf flenn -ant fAm fnf?Fntn ntssews W f ffnrnn nnst f f n n w^n nfetnn tf^mf -s
nm tmmm emns flenn (wifjn f w 9m.) i fsm ftwt tif, fwAtf cmstra Sf-3 wrfn f f n - % T ntfn wfen -at Sewt
fwnsfew tf^n w n (tnn m%^, i A t . , A n o ) -ant fmess -Snsjnw A S cn, wfnsswn nnwf <T?m fs>fsflews fssew fw w t
cntmefit nwn nsnt ^ i ttnmf tfnmnft'a ftf ntetrfs flenn i "stes 1 mfntesm wrsmntetn mmew f t mwt wrfm \3
tss twtfn mmmfnt nnes mnff fnwm wmt wtsnmn ttnmf fsm-fenn Scitemm ffwt fln i wrgjn fntnmn nrwntf tons
tfnmens Stn -at wgsenn tmnmn wtn nsfsmflenn i fcs fcs f^-fcnn m nn'ifn w n i tnfn-wtfm Tftnre??;, fmnn-t
\|fvtn n w fff wrfn -s t m w n tmmfsnnn snfwm nn i mftfn -G "Smn tsn 'wrsf^-"wtntenn tn nn^-fenn mm tm
ffenn wcm:sit nssn fss^ Atwmm A'snrn wtttw f w flenn i -3 nt sffjgn wfnsnf fninn rnntt? wm ffifnft cnm nra m? i
wit fntn -awitrnn wm wfcffs wfcn fstm mfR stAt nscsn i tffn-wtfm ftn sr? wm-ntfAS--a fsm f s n fw wtemsm
ffenn mm wfsi fln f f t ! ffenn wfstt wffenn-a fw-fnstcA S'fsittcA't I nnmA'n-fn f ^ fsen-a ffn-femt fsmrn*! wnnn-^t
WfsfA fln I Wf -at Stwif tmnn tnmcsn f w ff^tt nsfnnif|??m i
nfwtmt^ fln i ttnmfnm tfnnm aAS/ii-so men nfens fsm-fenn wfe^ nnnnw wn?ra f s ^ A cnt n s f - n ^
trmrtfnsnn "Stew nffw Aten trf tmesss ntnwss nrnfnss ^fisnn nsfsnte^, -^ttie^ tmens fnstffc fsnnn cn-sm nsn mt i fsm-fn
fnssifn wfen mffn sfAt nsesn i fnssm fwnsfw -amnn wmfn fsfse^ fms t w fwew fjwes cffs ntftfn cnmtfw f^ffss
ftnten mw fnstflenn i fsAsm mfess fw^fewn artmss fnf^ nsffm -at tfnntenn cnfmctm fsm A S (tmsrs a^v fs.) i
nsenn i cntttcnt aô ft. ntcn ntm^-fn wtfrfn wm An i fnnesn mtfwf t f m -ortn-'wtfn'n-'an Sfn m-sntenn wfcnrcsn
fss^snn tn ttfn fg w r ^ Swtfsnns fcai -at tn mw nsenn tReffe fsm-fn f s m stfwtfnenn fnn^ (mm east
(tnn nnfn i o t . , C ^ S A , i A t . . ^ l i ; v . Minorsky, nsfnntflenn i w t ^ ntns wfn fcwn tn f s f ^ wnmw w n i
Pre-Histoiy of Saladin, in Studies in Caucasian tsm tn '^jfncnn nes? -afS ^ wfnten f n f A .ffns WJT^!
History, Cambridge 1953 f., f. i o H - iAS.) i WTfjn nscsn I ff? ffmms ffsmmwsswm- w t wrstess wmm f^nn
ffnn N3 wteneam tm^ t m f f n ntf (f. asi fA.)-n fwswt wtsRt f f : ^ I (tsfn-wtfm i i t . , i - s i ) i %sfC5s wfnnra
mes n ^ "sn -atmen cs, mft w,"^tfn tfnn mm tntfww Aten ffns wiaFnetn nnn-s :!Ti?n^-fi-.ff7i fm
mvs nesf flenn :
ffn wr^rens nsrswm fmw ^ wtwa^ nsesn -ant n ^ tm i wfnnrs ffns wta^ts nnst n t e f L a n e I ^ o o l e n^fm W R .
tnmf ffscssm
t.fn.A/b-o
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Contents
wiftfit
wtft f t f w c ? ? cbf fw I f f f r t t ? t -wffftftt f??f

*rati[?=i t t t w a f ffrt ttftft t t t w t <t>ffiitf?=i I tr? tfTff cftwrw frt fftrfit, f f ? t?ft?cf a f t r w
t l t f e t i t t f t t K t ? fSH tgft ( w f t f f g. ttft-Wtf?, i i t . , f ? w frt f w I ft. tict? frrsfft ret? f t ?
i A f e ) I a t wt^^t wtr? f ? f 5 ; wtttw f w t i tr-art ttt ^ a r t t ^ 'jffjpf Tsfit-ftwift ft-vsntffwr-a? ttw f^r ti^ f f
?W!tt fttt ttstft (tdh- tiwi f % tw w f f ^ ^ flctt, ttrs r? a?i cft tt? ct? ftftf t f f t wtt-wtfft tf ftfwir-'^^
rt ats, f t f r Sf]<i<},ct f r ? ftttftw r? i a t tt?H f w f ffi -êt tft? -^c ft t w ?itc?? t t t f f ffttftew? t t i f
t'Str t? f f ^ t t f f f t t f w ? ( A A îttt-ftr, fffes/iifefe) I tct I t i t i ? t - f t t t t f f f f f f c t ? tC5f >TO?r? fc?? I t t f
tf^ f r ? a t f f a tttt?'t-f? ftf? f r ? t i c t tlct?, fttwf trttfr^ê ft'^ t f t t f t tfft rtwtttertwr.fc?? i tfft
t f f T ? tfsfrw frt? ft? ttt fw? I. ttt? tttftf tro a f f tff\3,ffew? WtT frt tê?? t t a t i ffft t t t f f
tttrrtrf f r w f?fcr? f w t f t f t f t ^ t ftftw ct? i f t f f f ftttw f t ?tft f i t ? fCft ?t I
t f f t wTt-'wtft't f r i w 5 ^ . - s n t t f t - r f t " ? fttftcw wftw titi^'t-f? f f w ttfwf t f f t ^ t w 'wT^rf t f f t r r

f W T I a t tt? titt^'t-fw? ttt t i t ttat t i t ? I ttttfffw r? I a f t tict fwft f f t - f e t ? wftw ( w f ? ) ttcf?' i
tttt^'t-f? (ttrtcf t f c r f f t t Saladin t c t ) a t tict? f f T - f e t ? f<5rfffifcT? t i ? f 1 ? f f f r o ^ frtet? f f f w n w t
f f w stfwfwt fict? I a t ?ict? ttwritcf ftttt ?nct wit f f f t a t f f t ? w, t f c r t -^c w t t w ^gctwtfct?rott i t t f f
rtg ( i ) ^ i tTtt?t-fw? tttfit r r f i t stfwtcw tfwinfit t f t , ttr tftw t t J t t tit? tttl f ^ ftitfro f f t t r o fit, tfftc?
a?i rrtr f r ? trfwcf? r t fttrtt? i trtwcf? t t r w tf? wtr f f t w t f f f wtet I f f t - f e t ? f ^ f t f f f t f t t t aftfcf
flctt frt? ?ict tttctwt t t w t t f ?jft, t f f wc?f fttw f r ? twret? fft (ttr f f t - f t c f t w ? t t w tl? fffttflct? i)
fwtftflftcf? fft f r ? f f f ? fttfw f i t ; ( A ) f r ? sfttttf tffwjit fc??, wttffcf tTtl?"t-f? f r o f t f c f f t ? fft?ief
f w t f t f t f c t ? tttftt, t r f i t t i t ^ tit?^f?i?fit I frt f C ? ? (H.A.R. Gibb: The Achievement of
wtt-ttftft-'wTttctt f f i tfs ( f e o f f / i A o i r ) t r wtnrw f|t; Saladin, Bull of the John Rylands Library, f
( o ) tttffeit, rrcf a f t f f t w t f i t ttt tl? I , Off, tltrt i (ifecj-A'^.), =J. 8fe-feo) 1
( i ) a t t i w titi^'t-fct? t i t t f t c t ? tf?tf?w t i w r t ?fr titt^t-f? f f t - f ? r f ? wtcttc?? ftfcftwcw f r ? f 5

f f tstt? I wc? a t t f t w cf?t a w t f ?fr fT? C 5 f f f xsnt-tittft-ttffr; ttwêt? c?wf ttffr t? i a t tt?
r t w , r r t?tf f c t ? t f f r t c f ftrt? wtr stcttw? a?irr t t t t t e t ? t t t tit a r o ?it? i ft? trtttf? t f t wtact
wTfjf tit tfcf wtc=ib?i fftcw ctett wrrcf? t w fft-fc?? f c t tttttet? r e t t^r tt^ f r r? a t i f r o r w
fffwr? I - f f r f f f r? I tTtt^"t-ft 3 K t tffftrw f t t t t ttftf?
w?tT f?fr ^ titt^-t-f? t f t w cftwfc^ wtwt ttw G ^ t t f f r w fc?f I ffft wttttitct? rrr-trcrtfwt ttt.ati
ftftflct? cttwTw frw? f f t f f t f f f ff?tt ttw fft-fct? wfw wt3tff ti?wt fc?? i tfft f t ? a t w?T
fffttflcsT? a t i cttwfct tfft 'wtftf t ? f f f ttf r t ftfr fftftcf r? ?t w, wit-tttfft-tTftr'ef ??ftw f f r t w i
frrcf? wtwtcf stwrtffw f t f r f l c t ? i stfwtcw f r r fict? wtr t e f C f t ? CfT? ftlff ffrft? fwtfew wit-
ttt^fcf? ffft rtcw >5rffft?fcafift<3sftf? trttff ttr? i)iPi^>i-Tntfr'-a? w t f f t w .^ttw lfwt%e ttfw r? i f r o
(i^ffcr?) sffffft ! ctt ttw a f f r ? ftftit ctttfcr? t f t W t t f t t t w c f t f ? flf? t t t ?i7 r f i f t r o ? # ? t e ? ? I
f f trtcf? wtwt ^ tfttt sn? aft t?c?? f i t atiffi-fct? f z F t t F f f f f -^c f t t t t t e t ? f t ? rttw 5?5 fw a?i
tttret wtr ffctTct sjfit ttw fw I (j-fefe/ i i s i ret tftfftt w t f t f wc?? f c w t rft? r?, a t t f t f r r rffttet?
tttt^'t-f? fffcw tie??, tttff fftrfTcwa tw? ftrtr t f f ^ t ? w r ^ t fffw t c t ( t t ? f t t f t , <ff., A<?8) I tffctw
fft?cf wtf? G?t t f t ctet? ww|w ?5ffcw twt, trrr >5nt-wttff-wittr; ffiew tiw?t-fe?? tfc?ttfwT5t w t f f r? i
r t t r e t ? 'wt?rf ctwcf^ t t f f i wwa? ft t w t f ? t? ioitctw a f t tft ftffw r? a?i tro ftftew wt-wftft-
stttttc?? -flw tftc? wtr? f f tttrt? t ? f i f ti?r??vct 'jfw ttttr'-a? w t f s f rtcw tit w>aw r? i t i w ^ f - f t tfw ww
r? I sTfwtcw fftc?? w f f f i i t w t f r f f i f f f c t ? ttiii'*ff fW r f f c t ? I wwgf? fwcf WtWCf? t f f t ? t w rtcw
tffwcf ft?>a ttf? ? ^ ? t Ift^fwfftrfcf? ctt wittt tw?w?f tft'wiw,'ftew twtw a?i tft? ttftro wttttffic?
fWft? t?ftc?? t i c t tf?wtw titltt f i t a?i rrtcif? a f t t t f t r o f r r? i ?tftft wwt, ( I - S Aft.t f f f f t w ffffw
^^f ^ t w t f f f f f tw?c5ff f i t , ffcsr? fft ftfr ftcwcf? rw ro I t w c f t r o rtcw ft. e n i r wet iÊWtwtfCf? f t t rtcw
ttwf f f f C f t t
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Contents
tow
fwrtnOTsrsi n ^ wra wm ftfem w r w i n mm?, eib- . nnff ntfmtn csnn?nmnn wnf^ fln m \ fms ?nmniftf f f
wfenn nnnen ttiw fln i fnnfn wfsntfenn-fnns^ wtsmr tin
liRssR Sfm ma tm?R -an?, ntn 1wn wnmn, wtn fnnn fnfnm mf< wtfnfsw I Jtim^-îfn -at ^nrnmftf fsm-fenn fnfs
tmms wrmn era wf^n^ f ^ m f wm cw tin m i fwfn ^ste S^mRnnnfca ni nsfnntflenn -ant tmnfn.ntfsfew i i i
mmj ffwiT?[ nn^nm nr nsfnmflenn i ffn ent mewra nn wn wtfs,tosntown wt-sntf (m=f"=f watca n f ^ wêntft
wtsne^ wmm ntf^ n#ntf|enn -ant fnnf maiesri fmrnn ntftf) -ant iie-o wn snntAsnm (fffn enn wmemtt) fln i
fnfw m?!^ tme^ wietn era wm-s f^^mf nsfnntflenn i .at -aw^jfw fln fm wnsens 'wtns cnm ntAmt ntftesn wffm??
nnsn fnnn cnt nnenn ntnt, ntn ffn t^fwn snn f^tcs wtttACnn cmttflnm ( H . A . R . Gibb, The Armies of
wnmtAt fnm%nn i iivo ffe^n fmns ^ nfnf"=fm m Saladin, Cahiers d'Histoire Egyptienne, -s/8 t.,
nsfnntfin i cnt nnn n"im^"n-%nn wifntt tnrmcn -s fmn -ans i S ( ? i f., ^. oos-o\o) 1 -at mfsfn ntet fnfnm -s wm-wtfnm
cnmtfw w i A f l t^fnenn fnt wtsen fnw mw] f f ^ Jnmmftf^ ntcmfw ^ste "^cn i tmenn-nem ffnenn cnt
nsgntflenni n w t n m s t f t f w ^ .f|n, mmenness iins-v-s f?te^
-at wten f^ w^?m tn mm^"n-fn fnfnn -antnsf ntnntn fna^msmctn ts -ansft ff%m ff%emnt?m-fn gtesiwnemes
mfnf stAt mm I cwnmtcnenn wwTft nnnrra fcntet w t ^ nsfnew mfncwn i -atnit 'Snemn nttn fln ^ mmesn fff
cstn^ntcnn -s fnfnm stew ffn f f n tmnsennc^ fnwtf^ nscsn i Sten I mm^m-fn fmn nn 'Snemn nêntftwm (mAtenn nem
iib-o f. stc fsm 'G mnntftn nsfnenn nem cnt itt fw mn sm Atnra wmcstf tin) fAwftens few wnnr ssesn -ant
bPic^fln wtst ffnsnet ffn nnm An i >ivnlwra nsten- nnnf wfwnm-sfnew-s n^pnwr wwn ssenn i f f ? stentwfn
tnnf nstenn nttnsenn fnmS fsm fnetn nntm -s nmens fcn mmnmf cmtm ntffw wftnwrs nnnet cssm -îns^ wfwnten
fln fsm -at nspnwt i ab-o/iib-n nten ftfn ntnns ften ffn fnff ?>wjwn nnffo latsit -ansft fnmt ntftfess mmntw f n fnn
3pXcnn s^tn ^ênn i nsen wtf*f ntnn tn cwnmtcnn -ansea sfsm mm nsn st m i en nwfnn wfn Tiênw wnrtA
(nmwn-mns"fnn) wmm fnfnn fnnnen wten i wttnnn ffnenn tin, wwfmt stemwfn ntnfnm tf%s ^fei ntm wtfssrs tin i tm^
Stn nintAm-fn est nnn nmAm fnntflenn, qlwAtfnss Lane -ansft n^fn fnnn Un. >im csmn -a wfwnm tfnsmmn temwfn
Poole (f. ôA) fsm smtm nsfnm nenn, cntttcn -ann csnn nngffmfn ntmrs -s men nf% nt ssfsntfln i fsm (m mnf) w f t
ntm mt mt cn, cmn ^^fn tAsntfn Stn mwtntfw nsm ttmcA nf^ ifw nrnffstft 'wtfn -assft smc^ tsm stmn mm rnn
(-at nmeg. tnn nnfn, f. -SA-S; tsn ttnfn, f. - s o S ; (mm. CI. Cahen, in B. Et, O R . , iAt., iS8b- t.,
tngn-wtftn, iit.) I ioV-ito-5) I
t%ensn tfmn fnsst f%f5tw ntnt^m-fenn -aft fsfk Sewt mnt^'n-fncss fmn tmenn m'n ntnn-sfnew ntnmftn,
nsfnntflenn i fBfêw 5fTm^-Tf.%^ fftnte^ns wmst cnt mts>c4 nsnrm -s twtfn ntcttw nsenn ^nfw nff n -stew A S I wtmm
<m nsfnn, fnfn fnwm ffm tn fnÂmen wtentAt nsfnntc^(wtit nrtftn-mm cnt-sfness wtArc'Ts .wn?rn?nniei msAm fnw i
wm-mfnfn-mtftA') i w m nrnef wtnm wtAtens csen wfnsswn mnt^'n-fn fnmmtsf? nnfwf cnrstftfens fn-^fk^ wm
ftwmn^, ntmm wtmn men ffnm stm nsfnrnc^ -ant ntmm nrnmm cstt ssenn itoi^/i.5,t twr%;w ww!ftt ettnemt -ant
fmwcnness wtsm ftwtm^^tntet stnnt w ; etfwte^ fstm twtfnnm -3 ifcnmnenn wsttfwn n^cn nnfwf cnfntfAfn wn?i
wtmn Stn i^fn nsfnewcA i n?w n'tm^m-fm wm-nttnfn- fst mmt stm tfwtfin i mm^'n-fn -at cntntltfs mmem
nntnA'-ian wmn fnffsn stntf flenn m i fms S c ^ f|n, fnfSnf 3n mnnnfCA wtat^-^rt^ wfnm 'sn^ nsfnew n w
cntess wif n \s nftstam mnn stew f s s nsm's ffn fsm An I nsn tms Se^rm -at tin cn, nnntift f n matwj fmm
S e ^ ntmtmes ntmn mfsntcAn i f s m fnfnnm sfwjtnwcn wt&nsm S t f n t w mmfnw nsfnntfin i tmn men -afness
sffwte^ fmn fnenn fnfn wmtenn nsm AS I -atttm wttnm mmmw wefmnenn -aft fn'fnn t t wfff stn, wtnfness .at
ffn snênn fmtnnm fn=iiiinenses -^mmw nsenn i ww-an nn S e ^ - 6 mfsw ^ cn, fnfnn cnrssn Stfn nrnns nsewt mt
t%fn 'iMtsn mrn^n-fenn nsntms AS; fss-^ttnm (Tyre), fttff -s nsm -anrssm cmfle n w ttn, csttm tte mt -s ttnrf
-af%n^ fsts fncstfswm wtn ttess I (Sailors) nnnntA ssm st i ^^cne^ nên -at sfestm
ntntA'n-fcnn tlw^m ni^sise-ss wm -aft tf%mif mftfn tfnnmfQ mt i nen mnrf -s nn% >*S<JSICA nnttes fmnn fnn
stemwnfin i fms ntftfe nscsnsit wfnsfnw fnnrnn mm mftn mffmrnni wtmnrn, nnniA'n-fenn S^mfsss-fmtn -at -testm
tnmf ffsessm
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Contents
wra f ^ f t f % w < R ? t (A.S. Ehrenkretz. The Place of ff|tw? wfwrfi f t 7 ? i t t?5 fff; wtc? wtft, -wftft
Saladin in the Naval history etc., in JAOS., HffA fftff? T:f? t f t ftsctt rtw w^sw a?i w t t - f G r r " f r t t f ?
fftattfH fwfi ^f wt ttt? wfttw? t t ? t t flwt?? wc?
f f f f f t ! ? fit r ? I fttct? wfcwff f f ? r t t t f (trrt
f t rf5% sfrrwî w i t i t tifcr? o o % cftw WCf a?i wct? f f f ffw w r ftwtt? s . i / o - a ?
t i w ? ; w - t i t w t i ?m:<i 'ra^rat Pisa-tr t i f ? wmtr tw?) tftf^ -awt?? t f f i t r? tf^ f f ? r t t ? t P T ? fit I f t '
t#f1wf frra? t??:^ f t r t ^ ft% f w t i
tff sitfffe at Wfi? c?. ai#i ftttt'G fffffttw r r t w cftt i t r t
f f f f f i fittrttt at t f fttrtlt f i t ati t ^ tfte ^T-fl^'t-fH WW? t t t f t ftH wtt-'wifttcf ttftlft -a
cftfltTfIt, at? if fffMitt af ttn:t ftt? wia=tnt fitifi wftttt? f f f t rtt w trew f t ? f f f ? ?st?rt r? I ftrftt
r t r ffltTfIt I w w a ? ftti. m?m >s cwftct? t? t i t i f r?t! f i t , t?tff tttt fra w t w t r t r at t f t tr<T cw
trttrfi witt?JWTf%?T? w t i B T -^te tTCf I c f ? r i i s i t - f?i t t t ? ati w s f t t f f f t^tfftwr W ftft?; f f f at ttt wt?
rtn i i t r s ^. t w r?r%it? t?fi? f t f t ^ t r t t t cfet? Cfit fW tst rt.Wt (. A.S. Ehrenkreutz.
tfffw? tjtr?- r f ^ p s t u f W W f1?r ft?iflt i tt tffftt Contribution to the knowledge of the fiscal
^ttf% ffft. ctt w f f f?et Acre-a? f t t m w i c t f s f i f g r ? administration of Egypt, in BSOAS, iff/o, ifeffo %
iri?rwftf?fcrt-fffr tTt5i?rc?[.CI. Cahen: Orient ife/o, ifeffS 'j.; The Standard of fineness of gold
Latin et commrce du levant, in Bull de la fac. des coins in Egypt, in JAOS , H 8 / o , ifeffS t.; The Crisis
Lettres de Strasbourg, Afe/b- (ifeffi oo^l i of the dinar In Egypt of Saladin, t8/o, ifefffe
f T t T ? " f - t i ? t f f t ? ffft ftft frr? fbfk t?e? f n t ^.) I tTW?'t-fic?? 'fit f t t f ? afit at fi!? ct, wtit?
fifi?, ^ i ^ t t t frr? ffft W J t??rr fffc^c?. ttr c-Tf'sittf ?Wfc^ (tf%tt tfcmftt) ftwtfr afca t t f t
t??ff f K t wtji?) ifffftrt? Ikwm tT?r rttt ( W f fit, r ? (ttr t r ? tft'. attft t w f ? f r ? ' i t crttt? f c ? ) i
it., A80) I irtr f f f t ? tR?'8ft WfftW ftttc? ff#i r t r ttftiflt i
titt^'t-ft? ti?tTît? t i t t t t t ? r w N f f f t f t rtt Cft t # m^n'i CBt?5wttt f??^w? fffc t w t w ittt'a
fcttt ti ft??, t r ? i atf wttt? wwt ,gtwi? ff?TO jfw? t f t f w - t f f t # ? ^tfct? c?f? wt W l f f ? ? ^ ftfc t w t
tiitrt? wttit-wittT5?t f ffftiflt I ffff tt? ffft tit?? ct. r ? I w f f f f f n w wtftt? rwtwt f t ? i cft t t t rtt
tftrtt? wtaRcî? wtf If! fffStff tttl tfftte?, ftct ffff attit? afit f f ? i t t c?tft1t flff r?, c?twt? w r w f f w
fi?irft'R t i w . t ??tTT? wTt-ftir"ft:ttt? ff?^ tltt tit? Itttr^'f-ft? ft?; f t ? trtw r ? tft, fff t f f
Balearic fftt? wtt-ftlff" ticfrs^ t t f tlifr? tltt ftai f t ? i t ? www t f t f t fff?t ftff?!f|ct? ct. frt? stwttT?
fit? f t ? ? i wst? wit-fGtir'frtct? t l t t ^fttwatt? f f t r o tftff ? # r ? wtw f t ? f rt?!? ?? I f f f aftt ffwtf
tf5 t f f f a f f t -pw fttct? C5tt f t t ? I f f f at ftbtf? ftft f t t t ? fit fftw t f f Wftwtcf f t t t f t t ffwtw witfr? f t ?
tfqt tt ffft t t t ? ? ttt (f. Gaudefroy- CWt?Cf? I
Demombynes, in Melanges Rene Banet 11. ~G tit i^ctfeittt r??T? t?!fw r?i? ffr rc!fjt ^tw tc? i
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w t W f f w r a t w ftftw T T I c t t f t w ftft ( w m t f f f t ) w t t w w w f f t f t f f f ? w ? T e t ; f e t w ? c t ? t e ^ t^ttr tttwtT f ^

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wfm 15[fem s-Hsn^cAt %rmi m^ m, mit wmt nifsferm tnnn -s tslwiC'ts n m w ntf^tfsrrss n t e f n % R mnnt f m e n n
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ntn-s -fnmmnfn wnsen tmfn ?tfnw stmfin -ant t n f n - m m f -a w - m < t f f n nfswme? tm m?t w - a wfs^ wm.
wtsjen? nc5f nmm-nifncw mtmcs cssnn mntf -s w wtmn mm sftnteA ( f . n ^ . ) , ctem^ sf?ft, f f m n nsffm n n - n t n ^ n ,
ntw nsm mm fnnn f s t fnftn w f w t f t n n fnw, wmfn fsmn fttncns njn?t -s nnsnfwten t f mn twjtfn n m c f wtn-^mtnenn
wrmennens cntft mnn nn c f f l e w cm ntt i mnw nrnmnfn Stntess m ^ ens 1 mmsnmcn ffncsn ntt wmtm w t f t f meln
wnscnn mnm-ntffsB ntL^fnten fnfnn (-3 f t f ) nrsfinfiAS f f n n mfssj -stn, ffnn nnrn - a f t S ^ n n i m f n sti^ nRnw
Rn^mfn tin 1 f ^ -at mnm-nttfstj fnnn m tmnrn wnm w - s A t s i d t I m t ^ w<fftw f ^ wttfHns.writsnsnnf 1 f n w nnst
fntnscn w^rmmnennwinm f f tin, wtm f n f ^ nnnm nm nra m 1 Stntnn, sr? -a w i n msm, nrmmess f f w g ntAn, W3, namfw
twjffn nrtmen w - n t f f f nfsw mn' s r ^ wtn-nnfnenn f w j n
^mRfmn^ nrnrnf nn, ntAtm ffnn 'wtmn--a mn nstmnens
ncn S\gw ffîssimn n n n f nnen nfs ^tsifln 1 s ^ m:? mffn .
fen w m m f n f w gnmtnf, f f m s w f n n n n w nrnmn c ^
fnn3mfn-mfmfnn nesf nrf^ fnnftw stfwttenn ntnn -s
tnetnss flenn fstenn nfins n s f n f w wrw-s w ^ 1 w t nm,
m n f f c n n S n s n n s n f fnsMcnn 'Jtfnemn ^pcn wtntmn wn?tess
m t l w f mnntnen fsrm W f s flenn, f f ? nnnf motfc
t f ? w - s n ^ cn-sm stn.cA I
mnm-mttesij f m m cnt tftn w f w t mnn f f m f l e n n Smn
sTfw ffmt nftnrtin w t f r f tmmnen ( w . Goitein & win-'wtfnn -s wtn-nntnenn ttnmnen w t n t w ^ fnnntfnn
Fischel-fw wrm Journal of the Economic and fncsst nememn cnm AS mt, nnt - a f t nseim w t t n t w n
Social History of the Orient, 1958; & G. Wiet, Les snfiR-s mfnw stmcA i wtn-'wttncnn tfmr S f n t s n ?3fs f t n
marchand, d'Epices..in Gahiers d Histoire s s f i n s w nesf nc5f ffsf ntnttsnA sfiwressn nesf csntm wtssens
Egyptienne, 1955) 1 tmmen wrjf f m n n f w t e mffnm w m mtfw w # ( f f m f l e n n r f m s m:n-s wm-^mtnn n w - -s
w n tm stew men cn, -atmen fstm nnffenn nntf n ne^ ntens S n s (wrfnnenn tss'wr'-s t s m w f 8 s ) n n r n f f s ^ n
wnemn f f w mfsntflcnn wnm tmntnens fstenn wfnmw R m t m ntffmflenn 1 fwymen f f n m ntnens nteweSn
wi35tn?cn nfnnw f f w mftmflenn 1 wen tm^ fnonpttA cn. nnmnmn w < w m n t f t mn 1 w - m f f f mtf]n--fl Inns n m c f
tnntf R s e w
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Contents
>b8o wtfffn
est "oi^j-i^H ^ ssesn, WTAI sR'atosViASS-samens *iTf ntetn nem A^L nemfw ttw, wrsm nsm^-a m wm nnAtess
nesf n t R s fln, wsnft wiAie fn n?3n wfsn fAnrs-fsswrs fnfs^ WT At I ff? apmnw mffsTfnss fssiens nsen f n w
n t e f tnffst fsssf TT-SST S T S (f. Cl. Gahen, Le -aftnrn stentnfCA^ tTAntmenn ?cn nw^ fnfss n#c mm A ^ I
regime des imports dans be Fayyum ajryubide, -at n w îwns mfssilss> ffsmswrs nem A?ew nemfw w t
in Arabica, o/i t . , ii?.eto f.) i tenants cntnfAntef ttw I nm fnsm nr^--a mnffn m-anm, ffn c w fsns ttAstmn
tsn wrm wienem, nmfsw, n r ^ srfnn.-as tAS'sfns s>ess nesf mffewn m m-a mffewn i -iit n w nwnenn Sntfs mftn'
wTlnmf srffgr fmc^ i wf -a ntn n t e f nwfwm wi w fAfcns wfnwT -aw fs t ttm Sei, mm wm c w tmfs
w m nTnt^fens fesfis nnnfens fnm STTtss ifsnret mf sssi ntm An m I wm-snfnenn fn est wsfm wm-nnftA' Wfin wrmn
nss AS I tAi msT fsfT nm, WTf fgm fen ef m pm ff?fet mnm wTfrfenn ne^ - k w stfwf nsesn, wtAfcw wtms ttnn
cnrs nmi nstmsr fln (De Bouard, devolution css#nssnenn msnrn ffsrs fftw A S I wrsr mm fsmen nsfns
monetaire de I'Egypte medievale, in L'Egypte
mfw^Fn-a w?tf nps?t mm (nm w m ) ssmr-s c w mn? nrm
Contemporaine, 1939) i
stfftr A S mt I wnsfness -aftnra nnsn wstmmffmf
Wfrf mwjnfeAs wwrsftf tfwmn n t e f fn nsnt wt trsmmnn fnnesn tmnssfn mm f n w tmfn smn w n r
Atme^ I wen -at n t e f wrm -ansr^ wnfnATs, fnetnw fsmenn nimA'f^ nsmr-a tm nnnnfnwten nrnms sscsn mt i nssw tAm
wm 1 essnm -at nns cnt mnn nnifws f%f% ?tfms Atnrfln, nnsn -at fln cs, mfwf tmmnenn fen -at tmfnft tfenn
mnfns -gsrwRfn W T A I C ^ ^ mo ntnn nns wTfn sTf^mrflcnn -ant f t ntff fln I nsen f m s wfen wr^nn'a wm-mfnss
WTATST tAm f,'#f nsn mn nsfnmflenn i -at mnn 'mrfwcw cssnn tntfs msn fnmflenn i
wfw nstfwf flwffwcss nfsAfs fnm -owAct fs -af^m mn^^ tnRt^ ffsnnfcsn tff:f%sj^ w r ^ nrwi-sfn ns^-s -aw
-3 mff ftf^ffwst stent neS mt, nstt^snifss>isfc-a si\<s, ff^ffk
n;n mw nsff: nrcn mt i ww-an, nm'î mwt mrnntmen
ftf^ffwn wen^ f f ^ nftm f?tmf|n i fsns? fff nwn fwn fnns
-at'sfness '^'^^ f M ^ w t nm cn, -assfness fln -afn wnsn,
ffw Atsifin 1
cstmen c w nnsn fAt nfnnwn mfwesess mff fnnnffw wfnnn
wTn-mtfnenn tmmnenn mn ctn n w s f t nfs wTfif
WT ^ w I wnnfness fln fnnn, cstmen fnn witn-îfn w
rnnne^ ws-nrwm1Sns nfnnm ntn nm mn; cnnn mf f-anrsA
ffnenn wm fwnwten wtf nsm ttmfln i tmn mwtfsns nsn -at
wnm wnew ^ mnmet mrns^ -a mffn, mntteAs f w
m w , wfewn wm^^m nnnness css#n ffmen wenss nfnswn
nnscnst wtfmwm nmw st^fffstesn mAstmenn nem fsfw^
mffo A S I f f f tAm înmn ftfn mnmff^ witn-nnfcn c w
wnm fSn fnm cn'om Atw i
tegmmm mfsf^ mffo ^ mt i mmfss wffnwt -a nrnmr
iit nssn mAntm mnffss fnsnnfCA ffmens f w fmenn
f n ^ m-amn nn nnm^-n-fcnn fmiftm -at n w fnnenn nn^
gftmnss wTffwj mffmess s ^ wnsens tmnmens cm f<
mnens cstT w A S I fwn mnsens wm tnf-f "^mnn nnfwf
wsmnn cmn ff:wn (w. SntAsn^t Atmewn mmmmess
tmn nf n t e f sr? nsm nscsn (wm-nr^'ff -a tsfn-fsrews
wm-snfnenn stn<5 w w nncns f s t wr mtcw men mm tsn
te?-a tms mnnte^n nftmcA); mmw n t e f s^rf wmn-Atmn
wtfff-menn -am^Tt' sfe?n ctmtet ntsf^ WICA. Oxford
anw fnemr (m<^'ffn fe? tAm tffw nftstcA) i w-a te^m,
Bodl, Marsh 60) i -at n w fAt nw3 ntewm nem fg tnfn-mnmfn mnw m? nsn-anrffn-m<3nrfn (mm ntsffw
mn srm mffw i -atsfn-a wfstnmes f^fn csn tiAmm wnm nftmei) i -atfne tmst^ fsnens stmn m-am nra i tsm nesf
fff ntm^ t^mr? w m f n nem n ^ nsm stw i fmens wm-a W% sr?^ cstn W T mn i nm nnnffen stfw tnn f
wtffe^m c^ffffln -at nssn ntn mAmmnn i nsen w s w t wm-nnmfs f <3nm ntff (wfsssws mft!) ^ i -at f f stn
fmenn mfnwr fln fst fffo i mnfn^ t^'wr' sffsne^ f|n n4mn fnmn -ant tms nRfswet wrfif tmmnenn ctnfness
tm wen^ fmsmcnn i ntm A S ^ , nmfn^ tss'wr* mm ncs
w - 3 stnn; -a f^ nfsw ^nrcA, cstR twm tsn tsntftn
wremsm nsnt tten i wnm wm-nnfnenn tmmnenn ctnfne^ -at wm-mfffn ffwf t^fwew ntsffw W T C A , mm nsffsrenn ntn
n f f w fff^T nffsfcns fsm A S I f n w nm? ffnen W S ? R wfw^w t ^ f s i I
ssRwn, wmt fnfnm >G fflnfens tmnsnn nfnstnnm wm ffn cssffn n s w ^ t tTAstm nswss nsnenft nnfssf nfm f n
fmn -a^wn sffwlnfs (nttn) fnff nffwn i -at stffnfs nsmr-a m cnmw mffss nfnsTftw ttw i wfnsntt mAsmrst t f n nm^
tnmf ff^cw
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Contents
Wlffflf
5trt f f t t f f l c t t (Cl. Cahen, in BSOAS, i8/it., 8?) i a t

ffte? I ftsf ftfw f % I W ? t w r t ftt 'spt f t I t f t t f w e t t ^ t f t t a ttff I a t t f t t a c t t t e r o w w ?^
titi^Tftw? fitc f # t t f t T t ? t t i t t t i n t r f f tr Cf?, tfft f f r f t f f e w t f ? t '^ I www a c f wte?? ftew? w w ? f
f t ? fft? fwft-tl ft?C wc?? w t a?t tfft f'!t? tft? f t f I î^jfl t t t ? t f f ? t t e s w wtfff? f f w t f i t ttf w f f i
wftf w r o fc?? w t I t r o a f t t fr?i f i t , wwro ftcst fftfR-a? f t f f t ? I ctet? w j w f t t f t t t t f f f f ? w t w t f f t ?
t?ftc?? t f t Wf?f W t t ff?C? I f f f t ? f l ? ^ f ^ , f t f f f t f t ? WW t i t I t t i e t ? tett t f t f nt (Copts) t t t j t t t f t f i t
t w t t t f ror w f t t f t f t t w f f t t t t c?t wt'9 w t w w a?tirtet?t cf?t sfwt stffwt f i t I t r o w t t trt
fff?, t1W^'f-ff? Sftt Wf?it f f t ? ftwc?t c t t t i w t i w , w w e t ? rot t f w f ? f f f ? f e c t t t t i t w w t f t f ? w f t t w
w t w ? w t r o i f l c t ? I f t r o WW w t - ' w f t t ffttte t w f i t w wttf a t ffwet? c?tt w f t w f i t w wrte irw t f t
t t w t f t f f t c t ? f t ? t j f w t t ? f f : f f t ? fff? f t f w t t 3 ? fffw w t t t t f e t ? , f f c t t w t f f f f t f f e t ? c w ?
f f t t i t l c t ? I ftft tiw^t-ftc?? ctlttttft t f t r t r o f f r o a f w ? Ifwcw? f f e t t f f f f w ? w ? w ftfc t w t t t w I sreTf

t r c w f t f t w w (tt? f c ? ? ) tftw t w c w?ft flwtt I f r o , a t t f t t? t ? f w c ? ? tc^ a f w ? f f f t w f t i mm
w t - f t t t t w r t c f t f f f f c t ? WW fft??ict f t r o ftcttt ?sc?? I w t f ? f ^ tfffc? I f r o wtff f i t w r o t c?wttff sftitc??
f f f t w f c t f w ? f ^ t t f f f f f t ? t w w f f r o ( w t t c t t c f w?f f W I f f f t f t ? t t w t c t ? t r e f f w ? a t w f f f t f t t ?
ffft f t?^ f t ? w t ? f f t ? ' f t f f t ro f f t w f l c t ? ) s f w t t f f ftfe? I
t f f w f f ^ ttcwt f r t fc?? 1 t r o t? w t - t T f t r ' Wfj? w ? t t w r t , t T W ^ t - f e t ? ttttftct t f t t t t t t t f i t , c f t
??ct? t c w s^c a f w t c f f t t f f t ? t f f w fc?? I t w f t r o t t ? w s t t t t t t t t t f i t I WW trte tcRr w t , srcttwttt
f w ?w r t w I wsrr??^ w t w ttftt w r w w c t ? a f w ? Cfft t f T W t t f f w w ? ^ ftfw t t t t t t f f t f ? t rt I ct?
wwwt ( g . ) tttf I w t w r c f ? f t w t r o ('jr-?7?fftf) w t f ttftft ?6t ftft w t t ^ t f f f i c t fff'3 w r t e t t t t j t f f t f
f c g t C t t t J ?tWt?fff f f t w ttt? f t f ? (a. W t t t f f t ? W T f t
wtf?et? wtet? s t r o f i t f i t t f T I w f f f ; w t ^ f?
Wt-ftWfTl?) I
fttf? ttt w t ^ t f w T t f f t f i t I t f f f f t w trt f t f t f w
wrtiw G fftc?? tc?t f ^ Cfft? s f w t t , WW f s ' s f t f t f f f ? Wffit f i t w I w f f f t f W ? f t w ? w t f t f t f i'
ft^sww f f s w f i t I at^ft? w t ^ wtctiff wt?^ wtfft
w f t t t f f f f f ffw wetwtf w f t tit I Cftw a t f r o wte??
wtwtct? ft^ttttfcr? w f t i t f i t w I stftcw t? t # a f - t t w t t w ? f t - w e t WW w r o t fit w iw f wttet
t t t t t t t t f t ? f t ? ft? ftftit W t t t t ? ttwrfff r t I a t w w
t f "wT? w f f f t f t t t c ^ wtset? f f t t f f f cwca a f t?c??
ft^WfR-i^fCt? f f c t t - s f f f i t I t f ' w T - a ? ? j ? f f t w a t
W f s f i t t o r f ft?; f f f w t f f t f t ' t ? w f t f t t t e ? ? t e ^
tfwet? a f f t w r o wtff f i t I cttcrf, a t tfwet? wtff f i t
wfff? t f ? W W t t f ^ f i t I f f "Wl' ? f t CW? C f t t ttCB?
wt'ftiet? wf?it, c t t ftwct? f t ? f?, w?-?t? cwtttte??
? j l t i w wft f l c t t , f f f stftew f r o Cff? s f f f t f f f wft?t?
wfff WW f i t I t r o a f t t WW sftwt (ww?)-a? w? fffie??
f i t w I ftft Cftt w r w f f f ? a f t ffff^ w t t t?ft?ef fiit?-.
w f f c f tfetttw f i t I t t f t wwft? srtcf w t r t t i ft?ic??
fffe?; ftf t r o ftft?t f r o f f? f f f f f t f i t w I a t wt?
wteWbW W t ffw a t tfwet? ffwtff tf??t ct<5tt-^ticf I f f t ? f t ? f r o f f f t s^c g w j f r o f w a?t w w c w w
f r i f t ^ r o , f t r f e f cttt ctt? f f f ffw f t f t f w ft-ottc?? f t w ftwwft f W r t 1 a f t t t f t ftttet? (t?w) w t t w a t f ?
ff? WW ^?f WCf, WW r t t ftWft-t?W ( Chancery) i fttrtt f t f ^ I tttfct? a f f t ftett tt wrt f r o ' w t t f ' WW
t a c ? f t i e t t t t f t t??wt a t tfwet? wftf f i t i a t ftwct? wfftt -^t I a t f f f f t f ^ t t f w f fftf^ sfw? f i t ^ g w ,
- t f f b H f wft W t - f f f f t f f c t t tttft WW? f f f w f l c t ? I w t f f t ^we?? a f t f f t f f f t f f w e t ? ttc?iw? i w r o t f t t w t t ?
W t f c t ? w t t e t t t f f f r f t c f ? w t t t t t t f f ? wft-ttffrtft, t t ? w i f f t t e t ? Wei t t ? fffe ^^t a t t fttt' fc?? fT?f
f t t t ^ ' f e t ? trfftt t f ^ t ( W f f ? ) , ?w?tf wfte! f i t fffc r t ( a t W f t t t t t c f ? t c w f f f t t f^cit-ca w?fit
wit-ftftct? t t f w flet? I t f e t t f i t ftWft-R'ft; t f f f r o t t t t t w t t w f Cfff ff) I w r o t w w ? f ? f w t f c ? ?
f f f ffw w t r s f f ? f t r o trt c t t t wtet f t . f i t w i t f T fc? fc? wttf ffttc9? t t w : ? tffe f i t I f f "wT w f t i
wf?-Wffft t r o f e r n ffttte?? I wtTfw ftfttc?? fttftc t r o wtf?ft?ef f w ? t f w t ' n T p s s i ^ c5=Ttf ffe?ff f f f e ^tc? f w ?
t f f wt^stft? twf? f i t I Wiflfl t f t f t t W t f ^ t t t f c t ? f t w t t t r t fft^ f t f w OTor r t ( f f f r o Wtftf wt3et a t t f f t
t t w f ffScftt
t.ft.Vb-i
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st#iw Un) 1 wt%nm;^ n*t w t % , m t w njRn w t % -at nentmesn amtt m t i nfjpt wm-mtnm ssw^ ftmtewn
toJiR nnt Dfwew tflefs A S ; trmfcn tAt % f nr (% Cl. nntm fnnm a t f ^ ên tm wR^wn fsm mw sscs i -at
Cahen, Levolution de llkta, in Annalas ESC, fness ^ptfimcnn -at ffsen -^ssnwj A S , wtftft mn^ttnenn
i!eO f . ) I csnnsff 5 m m nsRm fîmwwn nntm o f ntent mffen m 1
at cnnimft% m^ fnnwr Un, est n w tnenn nnmm SntAsnw fmmfn^ fnnm fntttsm wm wRmtt nnn n f w
"cnntntttf nRs Un wiAtenn nem -^tsnn wmn fln -ant n n t n ftfffw^fne^.(nm tsfn-wt-aff) nm?m nsfnrnn f4nsmm
nntenn sifw Cntfnw f l n i f f f f#fenn nem mtn fnmenn amn nsm st^ 1 w R ^ wtftff ttnnsfn nnnmffss nnenn
f f f f5^ c n f ^ mmmn i f f ? - a t fnmenn amn nnnn -atfln wmtm t t m w mm ffa-am ffwew wtt ajAf w n , ntm mm
m en, fffnn t S w m f f n f l n -ant f f f n n wiAtenn wtffnnien tftnn wm-HiR's -afncf mnniens fnsessffm wnmmnne^ fnewn
wften wtenn, wfsRc* ftn attnne^ f f v ssffiw -a wtftnnenn
nentgffn fen mn f l n , nnt-at tnntenn nffn^nfapn nnnn f l n ,
Sfn ftn nswf -a awm a f f ^ fncw cstt nsesn 1 nfrnn
ae^rm t t n ^ mmn Rewn fnns -^nns ^nrnnn nin nsnm t^rn
wtm f^,-at mtmen wmtm ttnssc^-a tftss f n e n ffsnft'sf
emnn fnewn, en ntftft wfsm niAimie'^Ssnftfw mffen i emn
Rews nem fmnwmRsen m, nntfsmt^ fstenn awtenn
tmenm mnfmm tm wfRmf tin m en, ent ntftft t f n nin
nem -at sncns ^ - f f w aemn f f n n (-at mtmes wfnwn
nsfnntflenn, wtm-s f n f sten i c w m f s m 'Snmntftft f w n
wemn wm f . Taeschner, Die Futuwwa etc, in
'Snmnenn wen wtmcnn m n t f n m -^^-ntAR nwm m f f o i ww-an
Schweizerisches Archiv fur Volkskunde, LIU,
w t f j f tn?Ainenn mffnnenn m n t f f p fnmen wtntfnnif ( W f n t f f 1956)1
fnfA-an rnmfntcn), ntnfft'mt, 'wtfnfnsji, nnfntnmt. awfw wtfift ttnssens sifRîs -îft amn -at en, n t m ^
^nmnn ff?nn ffnm mnn f n n f t f I siflcns f n fmm -a fmens S*-acss wtfRff fnffst -a wtftnm
f f f w t w f l n f 5 f fnsftenn mmen wffjft msmftfw nm<3 An I nrnnmm ntmt f f f nn:sn -ant tnnen annsiess nw ntnsint
at n w f f t ^ (wtenem, 4tscsi tsjtfn) s j t n Swn ?tent affSw nnisn 1 wtmrnn,wmmttnA' wtfjn -assft fwn ntnmm
Rftn w t Atslfin I amnw <ênc-b^ fftfnntnt -at nnsn f < a t w R o w n ntmew mRmnAtennff^"Atr^ cn-amst^ -ant
fn^n w t ^ntfln i tms nsjtmten ntnntmn afwttwtcss wn-a cn'am i wfn fness
fnf%f nnn -at mtmcn-s Rt-wfnm w t At?itcA, tsRg ^tfjfl wtfjft ttnnsfn f f t nwtm^ mnw wtnm 1 -at n f f t fenn
'is9f^ fmenn wtmf mm f f mtmn amffs i -at nnsn mnm fsmes mesm nR?s n f f w fln I wtfift ttnnsfn tmn ssfn wm
mmnnw f f % % f^mw -s m wemn Stn t m ^ f n i wtfjft trnft-efcnn wfmmen fsfw^ m n w tnntn w n 1 wfn -aft
ttnntnen f f f e n n me< ffnenn s m f w -ant n t f ttnmnen SegmmtfT ntm fln, n t m ^ -a m f e n n mm wtftftenn
f f f e n n nesf fffenn tm?fwn nem cnn cmn n? mRj ^ An wrctmet f f f ntmss cntwitft cnm nft, ntAmt monm wnm
m I nfn Swn t t m w t m R m f ^ wnfm btftnt -a nsnfFmnfAe^ atfm tstff ntetrsw f ^ 1 wtmcnncss, ff?nnw f f f f f f nntes? -a
-awa ntênt w t A S , wtm ên cnm mten, Sn t t n ^ ffn mfswinntcset cnm ntt 1 wtm m^twtfrff t m w s w-assft
n f w -a ffliff%n fn^ fnm -ae^ wmnn nftw n t f f w i wmf^ tst annm tin, f m m mfAPsn, -at n w f s ^ sjf% nnft ftntes
-aft Awsfnw Rnn tin m, w T ^ n n f t n ntwrftm fnnm n t w -a nffs ffsnen n s w s s nesf w - a nfarawten wttstAf sssm 1
wtnmw n w wnm wm nsrnn f t n ffoffn w n m w n c ^ f f f WtAtenn ttnmnenn wt-antft-tmn (5.) (tmn-wnn) nm^
wnsn m? ntntfnw nmm esf fnen, ntmew -ataten fRnmfSs rnn fnetnwten fsmmtm t ât ftnnmft fmrnn
^nrnntftftcNs fffom wfws ntsmtft^ fnf%w w t nm i mm A S ^ , ntetti|fî mmnnw c w ffnrnn AS^ mnRns tnf*tcm w e n
cmn tmns ntetn n n n f ffnenn mment f f f f f s e ^ wnm mnsm 1fn5-A--as c ^ wnm atmfnw ^mwsscn ff?nn
nttnHtn m t i n n s f nnen cnm nm, ctn fncsm ttnenn fts f f f nfrnn wRnnft tin, RsfS^ nRntnft -at t f n f f ffmeft mtfe
'2nffjcss mffRen nwn fsntew i wsfn fsntfin 1 -at stmm tf?nnw Sfts f " ^ f f n f s m mm
ntft nnntnfs^ ^mens wmens mm wtgrftnn^ ^ flenn i wtffn JFtnn5fn--an nm Scan nsm ^ m mc^ 1 ctem^ wn
f s ^ nffsftwin Rnffew tnntenn nntwn nfncwn amen csit f f m f f f fm? fen-a n t n f mt-n few ntwaffnfsn mfsf mmt
w n I fnnn s s f * fnsm "wtsmff cnwf 5isenn nm fnm mfamit nsfnntfimn 1
tnmft Rscmn
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Contents
W f f f ? f c t t e t ? t t r t t ? f t t f f f f t f c ^ ?rttte? f f f t - f f c t t
f p w M w m - r o n w ? ttsf w t TI, WT r t w i atsiwn^ w t e r e t ? f c t i w ? ctft cf? w t i t T ? t w t a t ct, W f j f
W t f t e t ? w:w wffeo? t t f t w t w j f W w t e t i twe c w t fWf?tt Dominican ' G Franciscan' f f t t t f t t f c f
ti?f? w t ct, f T W fcwstW 3 t t ff?e wfTrt%tt (-fet ffcsfcf? wewt fc?et? w f t f t f W ? ft??tf|ct?-i wtw W f t
Wcwfs ^ttte?) I wfttsf l i t t t f t f f .ftwct? w t w e t r ^trt f l T C f f w t t t f f T t ^ WW f W T? t t . . . t t t ^ f c f ? t C ^ ' G
f f t w f l c t ? I ifttie? f c f w c?, ftftw? t f e s i f t t t w f e t f ? we
ffctt t r ? T ? f t t a t t f t cwg^wett. f??l? t t e t ? t ?
f?et?te? f ? t '^?t t f f t t f l t I wa? w t f j f W t f t t c f f r e t ?
wtTet?cf f w n ? f f f t f t t ? W t a t wfttt ?ttlt?=i i Wf?itwic?
tesf f w ftt? Cfit 2te?m? f i t W I wt?ftef ftte? t t w f t t n
C f ? ^ c w ? ^ ^ w ^ f ( c t t t t?? w t f c ? ? ? t t t ? ) - f tc^ W t w
t w t c f ? ie?? tjiwc? f l T ? cfltti't W f e t l t f i t W I W T t
Wftft T ? (5. E. Ashtor Strauss, Saladin and the
r f f , WTft? t i f - ? w t t T t e t wetefte f f T f f ? wf^sttffef
Jews, in Hebrew Union College Annual, 1956,
T W l t w Ta (ffbrViifei) I a t w w f l T C f Wtl?t "Wt-Wf "ft
? w t t w WCf I , t T f t w t t i w ^ i f e t ? w t w t e t t t t t f t 305-26)1
Tttlflt I e? t r f e g f f W 3e?lw?, t T ftt a f l w t a f f t f c g t r ct, W f t f ?rsfrtfew w t t f w t ^ f f f f i e 5 ? atsft
?if%5t ?Ttw? a t t w e t e s i ? t f f f t t t w ^ e a t ftte?
( f t t W f f t - a ? f?w?) w e ? t t f W r t w f i t i W f i f W t f e t ?
w f t w t t t fict? w f f t t t w e t ? W f t i f , wt?tew f f f t t
fict? T i t i f I T i t i f e t ? t c f W f t f w t f c t ? t w t s w t f f e t ?
t t f f t f i t W I C f t w W W ^ t t f t w c t ? t f ? f5Wt-WtW?
te?wetwt%fr? f i c t ? i w w f t w t - f ' w w w i t f i T ? w f t
T i w f f i c t ? I t w o w t - f t t t e t ? t e ^ f i T ? ftWet? f t ? t
t T t I f t l T ^ t ffff? CJfWftf-a? t e ^ WtWt-WlCtlHH ( t w
f?ftte??) t t ? WITW WtTe?? fftcw t t ^ f ? W3? t f t f t f t f
fctti
a f t ? i e t ? t ^ f ^ i t c t ? t e w s w ^ W t f c t ? fttê^
wffettt f f t t ? f?t? t w cfi? ft?t Cftt ct? w t I f f f ft? t ?
W f t f t w f f w T f 1 atwc? c t t t t e t ? ftt^w f f r t c f ? w t t w
t t t i t , f t t t Cft? ?jffaf t t w t t t f t w r?, t r ? f W e w
ct^ff? fettw? f t I >^ffTfff c f t e t t t t f c t ? Wot? w f t f w f T
W w N f f f e t f i f t f t w t i c f , cft??it t f ? fcRtW t ? I twc
f i c t ? f f tftew W'GW w t c ? I t t f t - f f f f t (wtewiff? f f ? ) 'G
te=fr t t t ct, c t t f t f f f t i t f c f ? t i t w t e t w i c f f t f t c t t
t ? ? w l f f t 1 ? f t ' W (fefwit t f w c ? ? #?ftt?) wtWwiet
w w t i ? t W f f t w?ft ctf f f t w f i t , w i f j f wftfie?? f c t wtw
'wtfft, w f t f f r f 'G f S f t i t f c t ? f f t c?t t f c?w ^t f t T ?
t T? (5. w e t t t w ) , ftf wtwct? f ? t ? - t w f t w e s t w f ? t r w
ffwtft ff??t ffwe?? I a t t?e?? (Rikabi w i T e % f c t f w ?
f t f t t t t c f i t t i t f t f w r? w t , f f ? f t f t t r ? t t t w c w t
ftfttc? I a ^ W e t t i w ^ ' f ? W t f t - W f I t t wftfte?? t ? f t f ? t f c ? ^ La Poesie Profane Sous les Ayyubides,
f s i t c t ? t t t rte f t f f e t ? f f t w i f f w f t f ? f c t t , W T e t ? 1949-a wicWHl fffwe??) f f f c f ? t e t j >^twTfffft t s t w
t f C f ;ftwet? tft ctitwwct? cfit?!t w i t t w f i t w ( f . c i . ffcttwfc? w t t - w t t w t t W T t t f t t r , ( w t f t f ttettîw) w t w
Cahen, Indigenes et Croises, un medecin d' a f w ? wtttct? fft ( W t e t f f " ) ttft-wtttt? (t?t w t t ,
Amaury et de Saladin, in Syria 1934, and E. W f t - f t t f ? ) - a ? f c g f f t f w e ? ? i w f f f f c t t t f t c f f t
CeruUi, Etiopi in Palestina, i. Rome 1943) i w t f r f f t l f ^ t t c f G ffcttwfc? R t t f?t g e r w ? , W T ? f W f j f ttcsti
w t t t t i R ftte? f f t f t f M t t w t t f f i t I W f j f t i t t m e t c t t wttfw f t f t f i t ? f f t w f l c t ? I WtTtt a f a f w ? m - f f s f c ? ?
fcswW ^ r t t l f i t W T f i t u^jCtCfe? ftwfapW I f t t ' S ?5f?v3 f ^ ft^ cweat f t c t t f f l c t t ; t w i^tfwfff 'G csteftttf t ? ?
a f t ?t?et t t t f wttw ftft c t f i ffwe? (ctt? W W t f t n wsfri? t 1 ^ , '2??lftt t ? ? w t t f , f t % t fi-Salf t?fR-W?1? fff^
-a H\^^n(M< tetr) I wtift? w r ? t wtft? f l f ? w f f f f f#t t ? ^ Wl?lf I
fffCflt
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^88
Sitfilets fmitm wm-n'ifncA's tntsnfwn w n f l n fnncn. f f m s

fssttsw f s s s t m-sm n s s n s i w m s mtfift w ^ t s s f f f n f s f nsnm nnn f f e n n m t c f f m s w f f ^ -s f s f n n t t j ^
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fssm tsmmn fm, w t f i f m n n wtm cms snis i ent n w mwt f f n est t n m m f t f t i n f s n t f l c n n , Sm-s f ^ ^ f f i f f ?
n n t enmiss tmweiis nesj s ^ f s m n t m f e n n , m i f j f rnnms -at nnn f m s n w w m mmew f I n - a f t f n w s Se^twnm
W T wmn m w N w ^ -Sessjs f f t s n i w t ^ m n n wsntens mt-s Sttrnn-m^mfsfff t mmm w t n t f f c n s f f m t s - a f ^ m t n s
wtm nwmn R n i ÂWiAoA nten s t f f mt w i f t f ens ?nif(s-* Ate' cntttcn iAmi f f i f m ntn'^fcnn w f e n m f ft
s n I w t f r f w f w t e n s w m e n t m f f n t w r ^ j f e n s m n n f n n t f l n ffstf? s t m f i n i wtstm -answn nfns -s -ansft
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fnnesn S ^ wnsenn m t f wtn-s t f n w n i tstntenn wfsntfntt wtmcnncss wiAiH w n i f f ? wtmcnn w m t -at f f f f l tfsntet
fnf^ nn-Stnen fnw^ t t m m f w t w t n f l n nfnm w t r m n s t n t ^ -s R n n A t s i f i t i ctn t w wtmcnn w m cmn stemwn
w f n w t f j f f n n s % w e ^ T t f n Smmt t f n n nfnm cnrnm R n m nfnm nifnA' f m s n R t f n f n mwtens mm wisfenne^
^Rnts fnnnsss stestt stAt w n I f m s twens t n wm-'wtfnn-8 f n ^ w n I nfn-s f e ^ m wrgjn t m s s f t . ^ f w m ne^ t t R n ^
wm-^tfnn Sest tntntn ntmew f m e n n m s n cnt fsnen f s n t f l c n n , -annR -ans înn wm-^ffnn f m n mmenn 1 n ^
- a w w t t m wm-snfnenn -ass fatess-cntrnnsnsmin-t-ois fnm f f f s cgswtfn^--an mm 'Snf ? f t n nsfnntflenn, wtm m^^-s
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w t f j f e n n f f g ninm stnnt f n c w srtnm ttn i f f ? t n s f nnen nfSenn ffgntet w m - n i f n A ' wtfjn -s m-esifssf ens Rs'C'*
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nfnnttstfsnmAs I w m - n i f t A ' - i ^ n m anwenn fnê^ f c ^ StntA cnm cnn ntmew
(o) -5tm-nnfnenn f f m t s stfw w t f r f ttnens wnnm < f m n f f f f e n n f l n w f m i o ^ t w r n -at wrsnenn men ( S t .
neB I wen tm fits cn, n t t f t n sttmff^ f%Rfcnt t m s twenn L o u i s - - a n ) . f w n ifcms ntnftw AS; f c ^ 'QWUS^ w t f r f
n^ nnnn fnftw f l n i wm-^tfnn f m n cwji fai wm-mfnA" tlnCS>S t'ii^S'M AS I
wtfme^ Rnn-mtsnn-n t t n n w t fnfs? nsfnm fnffnw f s n t f l j n n nsnw mrn-nntnA' w r g j f ntetn ctn tmss flenn i f m n
-ans, f n i f g 'wtfnnc^ f n S-sntfnnnf n e m f w nsfnntflenn i f f f s m t t A sscsss m n t s f n tnnjcns AC ffnswten
wm-'wtfnn fnewcss w n t e t n wfsm f s m cmenn -ast f m s RA An I nR-s f f f s n n t w nscnwm w n n n ^ ntnttA w t f j f
fss^wsffntt mfnA'-'as f n f t m m m sttsfnt w i w m - m f n A ' ntetn nm ttmtm mf^siflctH, w t t R s t f w t e ^ -sssn/iAss.
m < ^ ^ f c ^ t n (ntste w n s n r n f s m t n i R w êw A t s l f i t ) , rnn Atct w t t f f o m n f f tmenn cttwtmsn t t s i f l t i -at
fntAmn nte nn< An i R f n wrsm w t f j f ntwj^fnn nem ^ tmenn stfw g f flenn wm-mfnA" i f m s ttnmnen n n
s t f f ^ w n (fss? f m s f f m t s t s t mm f s ttess m) i -at wn?mfntnnt t i n f f ninens nnnen t f i w t n m s t f t f i
mnen f nsini m w t t nn, fnfssts.wffmtt w i f j f cs>, f n nens -a<pft f e t wtmm nnnm nsff n R m wiAtenness ntslnnrt
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AS I tm Rss cs, sttn Ate^t w t f r f e n s ncm stnn n f f m n f n m t t A n R mnntm wm f f : w mfncwn, wtm s t e n w t f j f
fftrrnn f l n i f f ? -at n f f m n cmn nnesst f n w m w f t n s f s t p m ASW wm-s f f f f n n ttffm ttff i tm t t -stm Sfisifit
stmemt fnssB f m n w f n ? wtmens t m n m n ntc stfwnîssmn f f t cn, wtct-tes stA'tsntttt, fnewenn n m tte enw?tftn
f f : w men nft i wtsm -at n f f m n c ^ fnfnt t f t n nem % r t n ^ <pi<(lc<p-s f c n t ^ fnm f n m ttAcss wfnsnnijw f n e s i tfnctcn
ntftm t m s f w w sfwm stew n t f n n t A f w s n ^ w t AS I f f ? f s m ttesn fnsw A<mm t n wrstm -amwn f c f r n m cnm
-atn f n s w t f n t t -ae^ w t n e ^ wmm n t n ^ f f n t e t n m f f : t s f f n wmstnsess stten wtwtfnss -ant ten fmrnens t e n
ntft I n e f tfn niPiA" csssn tf^se-n wsnT ssfse n w s n i w f n f i ^ w 1 nnntnfnnscnn m m n f f ntetn ?en f f t t n n
-at tf%s aftfn f f ^ - f f t n m s i f t f mm tR f l n m i w m - stfflwAS I
tnntf tfscsnn
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bS(t
f<3rst3ct w i f i f t tm wfwifw frfeH f l i t % i I f%f s (f) c f t t t f fiZRfr ( i ) w t f r f t r t t i t e t ? ftf?

t t t f t t fe^twfnj C f R >;sfii W T f%; tiwR Rtt I w t r o tfRtftRt?wtttte??fwwwtc?R?ftf ffttftRfcf tttr?
C S f l W f ? WttWR? WtttftU RSrfCt? 1%? # r T fttttcwflcWT I C?, fftt ftwjft? Rt?fww wtc? 1 (A. S. Atiya, the
wtrot W5TW ftttf r t t t ffftlflcWT I f t t t a f f f C f CttsftCit Arabic IVISS. of Mt. Baltimore 1955) wttt t w t f ?
WtftWT f t t t ? f f t T R wtrtCft w f t f f t f f t t WtRttt f l f ; Rttwttfte? Wtff^ fftffw (M. Amari, Diplomi
' w f t f t c f w t r o t wttitt RfW f f f r t t c t ? tttftct f t t t f r t t t arabi del Archivo Fiorentino, 1863-67; Tafel
f % i f l c t t I wtrt R C f wtctcftt f t t t f w t wtf-ttfRR t r t f f and Thomas, Urkunden zur alteren
fr?t f f w f t tttret w t f i f f t t f c f t C f t f t w t t C5f f c ? t i Handelsgeschichte Venedig, 3 vols, 1856-57), f .
cttsft wtsptt ffwcttct? fftcffwcw t t t t t e t ? t f f t a t t c t f t f Rtft, f t ttci t r o ??rs fegt f f rt?te?; (?) ttfttw
a t # t t r t f t isfw R f t t ? f f t c w t t t r r ? c?, t t f ff??t f f t t f t , ftfRt ffettt toTttf? Rtfftea? Rtfer Rtfww
wtt-tttRc?? fr??tf? f t f f c t at?, t t t f f f t w R C f t R f t t ? wte? (f. ttt, A. Dietrich, Eine Eheurkunde aus der
f r t c ? t f S t t f f c t ? I fefffe/iAffv Rtet t t t t t e t ? f w ? tc5 Aiyubidenzeit, in Doc. Islam ined. Berlin Akad.
att. feffir/i^ô Rtet wfete?rt ttftff trerftftft Wiss. 1952.(o) wffff f f e r w trfwcf? fbfltea? ffffff
w t a w t f i f t e f ? , t r r t c f t c f ftwc?tt f ? t f s t t t r t e t r t e f l t , wtfw fftw^ Rsjer ?fww wic?, ftf w t t - f iff'ct^ t a t t f ( a t
wftfte? wtc? w t t t wtrtet? t f j w t f t f t ? f c ? i t f f w t t - t t t t R RfCf g. A. N. Helbig. Der Kadi al-Fadil, 1909, ftsf
wtrct? ftfew tttc? w t f ? f r t ? s r o t t r t ?sc?? t t i fttefe? t r o ?f?t Wtft Wfff), w t f t f t r t f WR-RlftR flfCf?
t f ? ctrsftct? rtcw f w r ? i f f t f t c f c t t t t t f r o R C ^ t a i t f (Brockelmann, it., o i t r a CI. Cahen, in REI,
ti^jtrN f c ? I f f f f w ?,tc?? c t t t t c f wtrttt ? f ? t t r o ro 1936, f "SSi) <3 wit-wtfflet? ff? ftfff? ttft-wtfc^
ct, f t t t r o "wttt-isitfw (g.) t l t f f t e t cttRt R t f t f t t t f f c t ? t a l t f I f w t l f f t t f t f c r ? Margollouth-fw tflcttbtl,
m\ fttfww r t r e ? , w t ? wtri?t wit--tift:tcf r s r t . f c ? i t r o ftl5tftfCf?tttR17JIR?,rTf?tt?rft, in Machriq (ftttff)
t ? t t t f f f t w R ?i??t?R ftfttt w? f f l e t s)tw?wt? cwca f t e t t olf., sf ttttt, ifeofe f CI. Cahen, in BSOAS, i S t . ,
f f f < f t ? ? t ? t f (ttrt t t f t t t f t e t ? wftfte?? f e ? t i t ttttt), WTf trttfw fcfs ftetiwjt? fftf^ ?fttic?,
feSfe/iAsir t t e t w f t t t ? f w r t f t f l R ) ?rsijft w f t f w r ? i ffe^ t r o t f t w c f f ^ s (8) f i ? c ? i - w i f r o t t f c r fftf^
w t e t c f t f t f c t ? ?rsfrsft ftcstet? t^^lfttf f t f r t ? t f f t t f i t i ?1?f flctt; ((?) Rttftfwtc? wwji?fTf tfw ctt t f t
C f t t rttt ? r ^ f t ? f t t f w t ^ - f f t t (s.ym rot, ftft atvgf? ff, ttrt t f f l f c a Wttftte?, Cl. Cahen-fw La Syrie du
trtfwro c t t f trstfa flctt, fftfti ttw fc? i f f ? f f Nord a' I'epoque des Croisades, 1940 <3 H.
w t f t e w ? w t r ( C f t t a f T O f ? ? t f t r ) T8/i8A t i t f w G o t t s c h a l k - f w al-Malik al-Kamil wtffft i
twttttlct? I tTRt^-fet? ttfftt ttc^ s (fe) H. A. R. Gibb, The
t f f a t t t e t ? w t ? atsft t t t t fttt-tttft? f r # f wtset Arabic Sources for the Life of Saladin, in
ctiRt ^3 wtrtet? f ^ s t t f f f t f e t ? w f c t ^ t w t f ? w f f f f i t Specuiimi, ? f f f i t ttttt, ifeffo % I f t t f c t ? f r o t t r s

f t f f t t f l R I f r t e t ? t f t t t s t t f t t t t f t f ? wr?f?tte? t l f f t t (H) t t t f f ? w t t - t t f t r t f , w t t - f t f t - t i f , t r o t i a
wtftifitiR I ?rsfjlt w f s f w t f w t c t #tt f t f t t t r o f t c f f w i t t f t f^ wtt W^Cftef tt?fww wtc? Cf. H. A. R. Gibb, in
f c ? w f t i r o t i t t ? t t w ? f f f t f i t ( R t R f t f f cfta, ?irj?t f t t WZKM, ffrf., ifeffo I ftf t r o f f RT?Rtewf t ? ? f
f w t e t t w f t f t f f ^ a t t ?iwjtt c t t t?sR ctteai? f l ? f f ? f ff?tt f t c t f f f w f ?i<f c\5 Cf?t rttie? I ffetfw w r f fttt,
f f s f t r o c w e a t t r f f f t ? t ftte?? w t t ?l?roc5ttff?c5 f t c f i R>^tf?-ffiiV'i, fTJief, it., i?b-<\ ft. 'Q ?t., i?b-b- ft.
WttfC?? WtSFtet? f C t c t t W l f f R f ftft ctft f f t i f l t , ?twjtt (ftRf frtftf w t r t r f f w fw? RttettMifff Rtwft? it.,
t r t t f t t ? t f t k a?t f t ? a f f t t t t t f f f c f g ?wt fftew t w t ifefffe 'Sf. fttcf rte f?tffw, ffffb-/iifeo Rtt tfwfTst
r t ? t f l R I f f f t f t e t e t w t f - c t t f t f - a ? rcw t r o ftettt t e t i tff r l t ) 1 Hist. Or. Crois, sf fft f e tTO f ^
f^ftf ffwe?? R t ? a t t t e t ? c f R c f t t t t t r f t f t w t c ? ?ft?1e? I tttfftfw w t - f i w ^ - f t f , tTt. C. Landberg
w r r o f f s f t i 'Q?5f w i ^ f f f f t f i R ( f , . CL. Cahen, ftR? i o ? r ft.-a?'rot trf t ^ f r t t t e ? a?t trtew iib-'i ft.
Contribution a 1' Historic de Diyar Bakr au xiv Rtet? t t r o f c f f ?fr?te? <f. J. Kraemer, Der Sturz
siecle, in J A, 1955) i des Konlgrelchs Jerusalems in der Darstelling
t t t t f fffCfft
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Contents
W1f%f
des, Wiesbaden 1952) i asm asm 'W1S% sstuss S?st Croisades, les Memoires de-, in Bull. Fac,
s n T f ^ n s ( V ) t s n tmm, w H - m s s t R ^ - f m s t R s f , Rns i o i n Letters Strasbourg, An t . - n , i S x f o f . ) i TM fnfnm
ft. wnst f s t f n-miA'fn w m - m t f j f , t?,st# w f . Life of nmess g ( A ) n n n t f ^ t s f n - m t f n , f n m , w f . Blochet. in
Saladin, in Hist. Or. Crois. n . ; 0>) t s n W f t w i f s T , ROL, 8<-to^)(AS) cntss, ^nfm t f j f n t t m n ( f . tes
wff t m t W t A t s Sntistfiffs a t r ? tAtn nntw (nntcAH; ( i o ) S f i f f o ) , t m f c n s fftwf^ m f s s w n<1mn w m ; (Aff) t s f n
wm-fnwiff-wifn, nmt. ci. Cahen, in BEO, ntlnfns i^î f - s n t f , mtn-At'sstfnft- w t f n f , m f . f n ' w i n n wfnm,
% ( i i ) f%m cnn^ w t f n t f t A ' wtsntf, churches etc., mm-tt-sntfsnfenn fftwf^ nrness; (A^^J) mm-ntntf vie de
nmt. Evetts.in/iot n w t f n sftnfw w n s - w m ( i A ) Djalal' al-Din, n t t . -s Wf. Houdas -s ntn^fcnn n^fnt
tsfn-wtftn, wm-sstfnn, w f s % w a s m nntw i tAts nr^ Ptwi-* n t e f ; (An) t n n f f , n t f . Houtsma ( w f e w tmess ff^^t
sf?fnt:^ cntn w t W I R A T ^ S ( i ) t n n wtfnn-ntTt (Oxford nsf^<3 nsm At?ticA) i w j mft cm?n -s attfnss m n f f ttnssens
MS. Marsh 360)--an Ctn f^tnfA; ( i 8 ) t n n n t ^ (MS. i^fsAtfnsstt sfSm I t n n f f c n n "wtsn <(Âtfni>cws nem ntAtm
Leningrad IM 159 ed. in preparation by H. f n Sttrnn n t n ^ t nsfnstcm, '^niem fnem^ssenn nm fnetnwten
Gottschalk, f s s f ffw Amari, Bibhotheca SeatemtT s (AV-) wm-Wlntf (Cl. Cahen, in Oriens, S t . ,
Arabo-Sicula, At., iRf^finfA; t s f n - f n t w sFntnw tAts
i n n t t i t , i f e f f i %, f . <ii-<TO); (AJ) w m - n i A f f ; ( O )
MM f s n t c f n (fncm^); ( i e ) wtsyn-ntw'lcssn '^fwnsnt ^tcw
w m - f e n t s f , fnAtntff - wtmn (nnnem n t ^ t ) ; (-oi) t s f n -
n t f % w ntAtft-fw wtfttn-tnntcn n s n f ^ MT t n n f nncnn
f n t w (-st w t t f t wa^tf*tw); ( - S A ) wm-ntss"ff, w m - f f f ,
nsfnwmn tAts S f f w fnntcAn, ntnf^^wtcn nn/iot t w t f n
n t f . . f m w i ^ fnntm, (-a-s) w m - f f s f w , fntns nt., tAts a t n
mtfiff ttns'cns w m , fnetnw' iAAo f f e n n n B r n n f n w m
wtetn wm wiet n t t f n w n t ^ t f t t t f t i tsinte-ts w t f j f
cnftnnsfai; (ito) t s n nttnm, f m s f s ^ n - f s n i s f wtnntfn n t f
tmmnenn w m (-s8) w m - t t n m f ( n t t . w f . Gibb
W t ^ , 5 . Brockelmann, i t . , o A ; n1%f^ i t . , M (wTt-
Mem. Ser), f m n MN t s s f <Ptenn n t n t n f n . f t
ttsjtcns ntfncf tAf nmtfnw AtstcA i f f n ntntAn-fcns f ^ '
n t f f w ; (-o(?) t n n fwtfnn ( n t t . Lofgren), f f n nnmnfnns
t w MM n<fm n^fnw a t n f t ^ ^ r s n t f n m r A n i
flenn -ant (-ato) At^tnlf (Brockelmann. i t . , - O A ,
Michaud-fw Bibliotheque des Croisades, 8 t . (by
Reinaud) mm-ntssff-fw Wfntens Blochet (in ROL, w a n n f ^ ) w f n w n S t f f i ftnn-nnmm n t e f ; (-on)
ix-xi)-fw nntentsmn tAtn t f f w i iJtt ( i n ) fnnw wsafwrnm cntessn fwcnm tt., tAts tffcntsntn w m g t m Cl.
t s f n - W f f , fnswtfn-ntntn [Facsimile, nmt. Jewett, tAtn Cahen, Contributions etc. t t C S S f g f f s ; (-ov)
Rf%cw'iaft w n t [ * f n t ^ t Atsnsisin (ntffttwj). At., i m f . w s f w m m -asswn f n f n cntss s,n/i<?t t w t f e w nnsf w t f i f
a m f ^ , f . Arab, 1957/2, CL Cahen n s ^ f n s t f t f ^ w ] , ntetn mmnt t f w m n fffsif f s n t f l e n n (Brit. Mus.
mfntessn wicntsni a n u r fnetn ' o n ^ f ' f i t n n f ntcn Add. .nttrt n-oii w a s n f % ) i ntnStsswtcs snt ntn, wenss
i^fwAttn^tt iit.sr?^^jtessfs[etnwten nrnmn f s n t e w I ( i v ) t e g t e m t j 4 ? -atn3 ttfftft wtmten nftstcA, watsnftw i - i ^
m t f n f f i t , m m - f t w m i n f mttntfnn-mttn, fwfn wtAtn t t ^ f t f ^ f n annftw mam -ann wtfnAts i wmn -^fAtfnssenn
jf^PTtnfnns m e t ^ t f w M a f n ^ cntsscnn s r t t n f n t e g t t^fwnfesn Wfnrns (-ofe) F. GabrleU. Storicl a rabi
ssfsstcAH; (iJ) t s f f -amtnn atnfness n?J^men f w - w t f f f n delle Crociate, cnm ifeffH f . -s ( 8 o ) . J. Ostrup,
ntPiD RRsifAct't, st0 fnf^wten at<3 fcam R%cw nfsw (tm Arabiske JCroniker til Korstogenes Periode,
iittn m a ^ t f ^ ) i n t f m f f m n m e c n t w m w t f n w Copenhagen 1906.
fmmwincss cmt MN fnetn m t A t f s (Ao) mtf ttm, f n - n t s f -^fwAffnnnTm mm sfswnnnttess-s cmt w t w t R m n g
'mtnrtn- m w i w r a n , nnnem i^toto/i^sn; ( A i ) f f n cntns ( 8 i ) t f n ttftsnn, -snmnmw; (8A) t s f n - f f ' W f , w t f f n -
m m - m f n t s f n - ' m t f t n ( c i . Cahen-fw n t ^ t , in BEt, ^snm (nt. Llppert, Leipzig 1920); (8-o) t n n W t f
Or. 1 9 5 8 ) : History of the Partriarchs of Smtnffwt ( n t t . Aug. Muller) i wfsitwtes ^ttnfsnttess-s
Alexandria (-at wstfS ma^tf*fw, S f f w s w m mmfm 'ST? w f ^ ssnt aentwn, n t t (88) m X ^ ; ( s * ) t n n m*^
f t m s Blochet-m^ff, % a); (AA) m'ffenn S f f w (ci. (wannftw), fnetnw (8to) t n f f n t n n t t w m ( S ^ fnfnm,
Cahen, Une source pour L' Histoire des n t f . Ledit. in Machriq (wm-nttfnf), iS.-0(? f.; Wtcncsft,
t n n t f fmsemn
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Contents
fe81 Wlftftl
t f t . Sourdel, t t f t f f ifeffb- t t f t f f , t f t . Wtt-ttrtt, f t f t C f t f f (fe?) G. Welt, Histoire de La Nation

i M H If.; W t f t t Cl. Cahen f f f f t s l f f w , in REI, Egyptienne, t f t . Hanotaux, 8 f . (fe?) H. A. R.
1934 %; w f f f w t f ^ f f by Sqbernheim, in Gibb, History of Crusades (Philadelphia), i f . ,
Centenario di Amari, A t . , ( t f t i t t ^ ) Corpus (titi^"f?), i f e f f f f f , At., (titi^Tfc?? fc? W t f t f f t f ) , a t ?
Inscritptionum Arab f t . ) i ^ ( f ? l f t f t f t t f t f W f f t ? ff t'itt?'fe?? t c t t t i ffwâ C f H f ? f ft^tt t l f t t I a t
f< ftffl^WtT 8 (81) fttw t t f t W t w r f , Les cwca t f c f ? fe5f (feo) A . Champdor.frtfft ifefffe 'Q
Tresorsd Or, f t l w l M l Wf. Sauvaget, ifeffo ^ . (8V) (fe8) a t ? f f w Lane Poole-fw f f ( f f f t t f ib-feb- <{.)
f t t t f , Description de Damas, t f t . Sauvaire, in ctitiffD K t I w t r w r g r f f r w R ? tetr c f t t w H - f l f f t - t
JA, ib-fe8 f I a f f t f e ^ t c r t r fcfst f f t t t f c w f f f t f f w rt?te? i f f f t ?
fitfTtt t f f f w w i w i M i ? t t t w (ctt t f t f ^ trffcff, t^ffwf (-isff) H. Gottschalk; a t C t t f W t f t f f t t t l f t
tttf tffff f W f t t t f w w wtc?) S ( 8 f e ) t t f t - t t f l f , ttrsfH t f c f a f t f t e f ? f e g f f f f f e ? ? i ffff^ t t t r t t f c ^
f l t l f f < f - t t t T f t ( t f t . 'WffwUJt, i f e 8 0 '^.); ( f f o ) ttt f w c t t t ? tfiwib-fi f t f f t f f r t ? t e ? f t f t e i w i r i t t f w cti
Wtt-ftf, tfWlftft-ffWtf, t f t . ^ f t W f t f t f t f t , ifeio r t f e ? I f f f w r t f e ftf^ f t f t f f f f e t f t r f f (fefe) w .
%; (ffi) WR-ttaff tf&w f ^ , w t t f a ^ t - f t f T t , t f t . B. Heyd. Histoire de Commerce du Levant, i t . , i V b r ?
Moritz, f . Cl. Cahen, Les Imports, etc. f f C ? t f o % "s (fei) Schaube, Handelsgeschichte der
f c g t f t f ^tfc? â (ff A) ==ntft-tn^sttft, t f t . Cl. Cahen i Mittelmeerromanen, 1906 % ?fwf, tfrfew a t t f f t w
f ^ by C. Owen, in JNES, ifeoff % a f f t c f c t (ffo) w f f t t t r r t f c f f r w w j fflwffc f ^ f f . t t t t e ? ; wc? a t
ffffff, f t r l f f f f - f W f ( f f 8 ) f t f f t f . f t t t f f t W t f , tff ftftc C f H f w ? wu ttettfww r? t t i f f f f ? t f f f w f f f
fff ff t f f f W f t ^ a t t w f R g f t f t ^ , f^ftWT f t t ff??t (feb-) W. Bjorkman, Beitrage zur Geschichte
f f w t , Ehrenkreutz-fw f f c t t b t f , Contributions, der Staatskanzlei im islamischen Agypten,
etc. f f c t trt? f c i t f t t r t ? t c ? i (ffff) 'Wffff?-f Hamburg 1929-a ft?t f f ? i .at f t C S f i^Ct ^ sm
f f t - f t " ? T f t t - r " t ? f f m ' t f c f t f f i ? w t f w ? ? , *wrf c t f t f c ^ trtfS? i^fwrtfffct? ? f f f t i f t t f c t r s R i
w t t - r t f f f f t r f c f w t w - w t f l ? f t f ? t t e t ' f e t f ff??iif?ci'f wf?ifwtet f e w j f frtf tfcf ' j t f 'jffwrc? f t f f w
(Rescher, in MFOP), fft., ifei? % 8feff, t f t . J. f?îtfer f f f f w f a t f r i wtrt ?twf (fefe) t t f w t f f f
Sourdel-Thomine; f f t e t ? f " s t f t c f s a w t t t t t t ^ f f f b w fftcf? ctt wtcf tft?ftt tfcts ^ e f f isnc? wtrt w f f f f g.
^tcttti r r f frrfRtt f f f t , t t t t ^ - f t (wraf), frtftt
(io) w t f
W W t f f f W f C ? wtt?? W f t f l t ?bf?WtCt? ? 5 ? f ? f s W f c t t t ' w r ? f t - f W f t - f Tffff f( W f . ttert? t. ff.; ( i i )
f f t c w r t e ? I attte? ffwtffw wtetmtt f ? i ts? r t e ? t l i we? f r t f f t , Saladin, t ^ ib-fei ^f.; ( i r ) t f ? f t f f ? ,
f f c f t w ^ c t w t f c t s trtft? ^s f t r f i^fwrtftf f t f ? tfftwj W t t - t f ? ; ( i o ) t f ? f?t??, f f r t f ; (18) t f ? t t r t H ,
(Michael the Syrian, t f l . , W f . Chabot; (ffi) w f t - f f r t f ^ - t t t t f f t r t ; ( I f f ) t t t f ^ tr?rf^, f i f i t f f -
t t f t - ' w r m f , t f r . W f . Budge; (ffb-) Chronique wtttt? ' W f f f ? f f t t ' - f f r t ? , f t t f i o i r f t . ; ( I f e ) W f t - f f W ^ ,
anoyme S5rriaque. t f r . Chabot, Corpus, Script ^Rft-fttRtf; (11) wtt- f t w t f , ttfr^t-tfwtfff, wtftf
Or., o t . , i 8 - i f f l W t r ? ? f i f e w -ê? i fffs ff?^; ( I V ) tlfftt 'wtf w i t - r i f f , w t t - ^ f f t - t i f f f t r i ,
f e f f f f f f t f c f (fffe) RCEA, I t . rte fet t c Rtttf f f t ? iorfe f t . ; ( I f e ) t t r - f t f i r f , wit-?ir"?^-?iff?, f f t ?
t ^ f f rttic? a t t t t t t ^ ' f e t ? f e f f f f f f t f c ? ^ (feo) ioir ft.; (bro) frftt ?twf, trt?rft-tt'wtf?f,
Welt, Syria-a? o? t c f ? f f f e t t M f C f f f % t e ? f i ^
w t f - f 1 ? f t - t f f t ; (b-i) W i t - f l t f t f l t f , w r t - f R ^ t - W l f l ;
t f f f f f t t t t trtfft wtfttfttfcr f t ^ f tt? I trte (fei) ( v r ) wtr'ttf f f , ftffr" t m f f R - t t f "fft, f f w f . t t t f
Balog, Minost Jungfleisch-a? t I f f f f f f t c t t ^ f r t f f - f t ; (bN5) t t f t wttwt? t t t t f , titf^R-f?, ttert? ifeff 8
C t t f f f f t , t t r f ifeffo f&\c*rii f c t MIE rte f f t f f w % ; ( b - 8 ) f t t t ^ R - f t wtrttf, tf?ttfr' f t w H fftt?'f-f?
rttic? I wfwtt,tteri?wt.tf. I
(t) w t f f f f ? i R l ? f s w i f i f e t ? t f c f C f H f f p f f t ^ Cl. Cahen t f i f t t f f f t f (ti.tl.t.)/a. a t . a t .
t f w r f t f t ? t ? i ? t t I tttt?t w t f t ? t f t t ? w t r , t t f w rtet>a. tirff??TfHf^
tttlf ftswtt
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9 00
00
9
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Contents
vsi|<i<jsH-t
n s n f n f f nswss wtmt wtmt mefs m f f n -atstf n-amff f t m n
Stntftw ^t I
W f t W ^ f t ^SftfST^ S Arcot t A S ( W T t t J T Ai,iA8),
mtnt f f s t c w , i/Aii
wBTCws w T f w r t f (ntrsm ntgrisf) sirwr wsf?w, f g s wtsmt
c w w sfsm 'tAS 1 f R t R w s - t R A t c n m f f < m I ^^snffw wftw^-iil^ fsTf 8 ('Snntin-'Smm, titR mm ^nrn
c%c<ra R n ^ R ^ n ssRra mnRm, n m R f c R w s c t s ctrtr fAtmn ' w t f mn mmfn), ibbA-is>ff a % n R n mncn wRwtw
sis I -at tss w R w -assR ismff i f i^RAtfw s t m i n t f n , w t e t s a f t ^ n t f c f n t t n w m n t t s n i f f n mgtewn
Wftn f(sncns nmm, tnfffnmn cnfwnenftw nnSnfncnn mmt,
i v t t m f s nsimct f A t ^ t t n nicAcss ncsr ^nttts
ssnemffntm ^tenn f t e m n ^ , n R n wtnw witmmftss
RtAtnn n t s ! f f srRcn t t s t w t R ttcm<? -a s^sift t R
-aemfnentenn w t f s n nnnt, fnftn wtsw f n R m -acntfncstenn
ctcst^ mRmcss w nnR w i RRtnft mscsrs stc f t n
csffnes^ -a n'R tfnftftSt--as w t f s n mmj lAcn-t i
mcscss ncnrcntn wmRc^ s w w m ws^b W F n n ssfsnt
/ mtm f f j f c w , i/Aii
^ t t ^ c#*fcn fsm f c ^ f < n n n nsenn -ant tAts nsen w t s
te^rtr nnsn as ( i n ^ i %) i nen ssif1si w f & w f n w w f l W R (f. smsn) :
( i n e b - f . ) , R ^ % ^ t n i w s t W f f n s m nnn nsen (in-bo f . ) i ^M<JH-t^*1lM (fbLu-i j L j i ) 8 ( . a ^ n m m n ^ , w f
isb-o f . nsnit w s m f w n Amnn 'wtff -at t A S w f n w ssesn nfA) wft, cnt n w nsf -a cntfnw s f n f A cnt'Qfnn S f n
-ant fssfssin t A s f t wtAm w f n w s ntess i ib-oi f . n n a nsnit tnntnntn cntn atlfliw i fmft ttftess nffo wtcA, tnnicws fw^
wnsnnAtssft f f t t wfsnstsf^ AS i mbft s -at mnsj cn-am cn, wtmA m m w c w t m t m t ,
mtnt fmêw, i/A-si f A t m n (n) wtWAS n t f n , mntw w n n w t , ntnnw wtmn nsm,
il<ipci5<i JfQTTtftf s m wte&n (ntwstff w t n f B ) A^ w t -ant mnmnens R m m mmt w t (fmft, ^mn wsim);
n-anmnt s ( i ) f f m w wtff nm, wt-antnesn nswf f n f ^ (wtf. w n m n t f f f t A (n)-ian c w AffteA nntnR 'n^w' t f t smAw
i-bSio-i'io-s f . ) ; (A) n t ^ nm ( i n o - s - i s i o f . ) ; (-D) fAtmn AS m t 1 wen AfftA--a t m n (j^ s) t f t n msAm ^tstcA i
ntfnm m m^wtmfWA mn i n (i'iio--3:i f . ) ; ( s ) w f f n m m CTnn t w A t f n - m m f n - f m f n (-at., s.) ate? rnnrnff -a wmff
snm 'wtff mens fat cm 'wtff mn (i'l-oA-so f . ) ; (*) cm nffo mffcAmmwcss t n t f n - f m (j>jjJ i ji_<^=ffcns s) n m
'wtff mens fat nis>wis 'wtff mn ( i ' l S o - s A f . ) ; (-fa) wtfat AtsicAI csnnA^tessmntfn-'wtmn ( j ^ i wmensf?f)
m'wnmptA mn as (i'lSA-ssf.); (H) R w t f n - f n ^ n s ^ fnf?? >anfmw-c^ 'nmm mfnns' tAicws n s m f ) nRst Sc^n
n-anm w - s n t n ^ f m w m n (i'^ss-ss. f . ) [-at n n s cm nsm stmcA, ( w - a 5. t n m w m - f t n t f , ntAm n t ^ n , mnswim
'wt#s wmtwt f m mcAs n-antfm w m stfwnffwt nsennl; ( b ) ^ wm-ntft wm^-Atmff, f f n n , i t . , i-si) 1 -at Atffem nmr
W-antn^fens fat (ttntwenn w t R w ) -anmtwtA fAtmn wtff. iT-f^ -^ten-a -at f R m m n atentwffsm, t A m wfnft
( i ' l s ^ - j i e f . ) ; (&) f A t w 'wtffs fat t n n t f n - S m m w cn1-v;css nem cw-a m t f f R as m 1 fnnnft -atstn,
( i ' l S s e - i b o i f . ) ; ( i o ) Snmewn ^sr^^ ' w t f f n - m - a m ^si) ^51, n t n t n m n -a tnntens ffWifCAs S n s fnntnw fft -a
( i b o i - i b i S > f . ) ; ( i i ) Wtfat WtWtn WIA ( i b i i - A f f f . ) l ibff-s fesnrns fatnt t t n -ant A'asm t s f f ^ ' A t t a f f t -a
f . wntffn n-entenn f f t -sten n w wtncttft f m s c w AtflAfsttsntt wfn nsfnenn cn, cnt n w cntfnss n ? -a nnn
tsstfnw f w m sssm atAn w n i ctn n-anm 'wtwm ijiî) m n n w . fnnntenn S t n w n cnt'stness fffti
wiA stAtfcss (ib-bt-'is f . ) ttntw mt^ S m R f ^ 'wtn^Rtn w t w n S t f f f t w w t atentwn, w t n t f f g f n w m -a m f f f t A
fam' (Prince of Arcot) i nnsn n-anm n t w n ' w t f menn (n)--an AtfteA est n w ?ten -a entmen -at^fnn atR t t t ^ ssm
f n ^ wf?t% m f f f m mcAs -anens ^mnn cm m n i n s ^ f . AtsiCAcnt fReafffc -atâtness f m s f t ^ ftcstnten f R m
a t f w ^ n-anm nfnm fnwense^ cnrnm w n i tteswenn wtfStw ^^RmcAn-ant tmenn w m Sff<? tffmm-e f d f s n t c m I ntfcnn
b n n-anm antntwtA f A t m n ' w t f f m s f f f n wtnen ntgtewn f n e n s f t n m f f -a f n n e m fmrnn t^tRew f f % w -a
fnmcB nf5 f e s n wtnten m f f m wwjfn^ ffrm-mncnn f m t R fffstfnw w m Semm cnnn ffnfnt wtnenn t ^ -a ' w t f m n
wwnnsenni c w m f n n 4<bif1cHS f n f B stew f f n w R s^t tnnn nttstcA w f f t m e n tnntenn-a ftm fnns ntAsteA-^51^
f c n (twssm ttmt f f s ) ttmt sm nsfnen -ant tfrnttwrnfe^ . ( ^ ^ ) -a msAl.fss' (^_^) I tnntenn Rtnn-ft^, ttft'wtw -a
ntw? wtmenn w f f r s n i Smm -atmen a r p w f S m w n w i Sctsfm est n w cntfnw t f r a n nft m ^ cnt'sfness wiR^
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f t ? ^ t H , R>l<f>ifi?5l f t ? t t R w t t f e t m fm t t H I t f e t t H , Rtw t f t t t f f R fffe?? w I c t t t j f ^ a t r t f t WW

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fff? t r ? w t t t ? ?#rti? a?t f f t t t t f ftriR? tftt wtwr, frt?'^ rte r^ t t t ? f c ? w t , wwr www fr? tw?,
cfc?RWtt, f t r ? f w t ? t f r f i r ? R t f R t e t t r ? W H ? ? WW, WW f f w t f f t f f f e t ? w (Wf-fw?t t t t t r i f t ,
ffttii;? I w r r ? t t , w i t r f t r ? t i f t t c t ? t c r cw? w?tj
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f f ? r, w? w r r ?ct, " w t r ^ftrfl a t t t t t ? W?wf|" i c?
t t R t e t ? ? ^ t t ^ s ( i ) w^T?? a f f 'Q tTRct?
WWCT? s t f f t l t f ! " W t w c w w ? W W r t , w ? t w t t f ?
ffWRtC? t r w CfW; ( r ) Rtw w c t t ?W; ( o ) w w t f H
cwwtt f t f t " I
f r ; (8) ?Tttft? wet? t f t T t t i t ? f r (a) r s ; t w t ? t w i
tT?rf?f ttr? t t w r t ? c?t t f t f?wt, c t t f t f ?f
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w t r ' w * w wtettff? t t f f t t M f f f ^ t f ? t t f t f f f r t e ? fftet? ? j t t T t t f c a t t w r e ? f f f f p i c t feget? w t i e t t f f f r
w I w? a t w ? c t t t t w c t ? ? f ? t T 3 r c f w r t w w f t w ? f t t c t ttCf; C?t? f T f t - W W W t (fe S 5o<t)-a ?W rtttC? ? c^JS.
t t w t c f t w t t w wftw? f r r ? i t t w t f ?wc? f t w c t a t I w f t i 'WRW a t w e ? t ffff?l?f ffft^ t t t c ?
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t r f t t c f ?i5Wc? W f t t w Cf? a?t ct w r t s t w c f wsittc? f R t r R f c f ? w rtîc? %
ct? w I f s w t f c f t t c t t W W w w t f T S t c t ? w r r w r c t ? JL Cs Yl^w ji'r \^\ol:>3i îiJ.
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W W R ? c f f w f t , w r w CWf ctttctt? W W f r f c ? a?t ^1
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t r rte t t w c ? f W tt?, t t w t f ?w? c t t t f t f t t ?
"cr t w t f t ? ? j f t t t ! cwwcf? f t ? f f r t f ? ? f r ^^ttc?,
%T' tttw t f w f f t w c ? c t t s f f c f wffw Cf^sw w t r tw
c t t ? cwwcf? f f f f c f ? f t ? f t ? f r r t r f ? t rrte c w t r
ftwe? t t t ? f W t t w f t # t t - t f f ? t f ? t ^ I a t ttesf
f W f rte t t ? 1... r w f 1? c?t w t , c t t w e t f ? W H w f f t
R W f R - f W f ? ? ( 1 8 g 8 o - 8 8 ) - a t f f f rtitic?, "trtw
rt?if?t 1... f r i ciref? t c r r r r ^^t w t tttc? w r r ct?
(wtr^tet? w t f r f r r ? f t ? t t w c f ) tftc?, w t r ww
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r ^ t f e ^ t w rtîc? %
w?-rr-Wft-vi_rfi t w W R f f t f t - t t w "ww w r t f t w
f f f f t " (w?itfwt c t t , tfft, f f W f t - t w t , 8 ) f c f r??
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f t ^ r ? I rtft?tt lits rt? "wtf^t? tt? f w ? (w) rte f c w f ^(ers rî f r wrt? w?w f?j" (o % s>i) i
?ff I r f f w r ( t ) tftttc??, ft? tftc f f t f f t t t f c f f W ? i w t r ? f f ? w H t l # e f ? cw? C f H tie? attsft? ? f f l a f
t r ? a f t c f <3 w t ? f t Wft f f t f T r t e ? w i a t w w j cfw tc5f wttftte? 1 c t t ? WW WW 1 f ? w H w f c f a t f f t f t ?
ct, w w r ^ Wft w u C f H t w t wt, rtt f r t w t ( t ) :^f^ i^tfwtc? w t f f e t w f f W i R f C t a f c a f t l f f
Wfttr? f t t a t i fr? r f t i trt? ttet ttet w w r ? t f f , fr? r t w e ? (s. A % 8\5, b-o i i o ; 8 s Ife) I a t t f t wwe
cfc?wwtct? t f f , f r t ? t f W w t f c r ? t f f , f t t ? t i f t t c t ? f f g f t s f w r t t i c ? RIW t t f f f ? a?i ?TW t w t f ? r
t f f , w t ^ wtr^tct? t t f a??.T5fT? t ? f t r ? # ? ? we? w f t i t w e ? f c t w w T f w r Jji J . ^ . a J i vi -ui v
t f t tw? W W I tt^ r w W W t t w e t ? w s ^ t rttw w f f ? w t e ? ? t f ^ t f ^ f t e ? ? f f e ? t r c ? Jji vi < J I V w s f t f r
w w r t w ? f f R ftfe?? w i ww -sttt^rte tffar??it i WtR- R i f f l e ? o<t t ^ wre <3 J J I J J . J J . ^ . ^ w i f t
w w r w w w WW f H f r ? i f tw? ttw f f t ftfe?? f r w t - W e r ? Afe ? ^ wwe f f t f f r t w e ? I a t ww'ft
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[ f f w t tt?ftt f c ? w w r w w w w r ? fte? ?tf ^fte? I
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w # t w t csnnapcnt nss nn i fmt - a w m fnfnn -at n f w

w m I <iitmw -at ssftlt wm mtfcw stm, -at n w 'wm W f n t f t f n n mmt f n e atR^tn^ i ntna fnwtenn f n t w n -
cnPr^lw wf^H Rniw afstmfmm m^f'f^ m^tnTc ( A 8 A-<?) WtmA wfwtm nenn, "(fWs'^ mmm) ntstm
^ stm I wmnj -afnss i^c tmmsm f n e n mm mn, -at n w wfcm tnmn w , ntmw nnfnn w wtmenne^ est fsfnns mn
tmmo nrm -s msjn atfn nmnsTn mrmn i wen -at nn^n mmenn f s n t f A wtm stew mn w -ant cmmn atfw mm mfnn stntcA
tfstsm-a fnjtnn Twamen w m nw neA, nnt tms tntftw-at -ant cwtnrn fen mm mfnn AtsicA, wtmew ntstm fnmn nsen, w
n w 'wmn ntn^tnwten mnn fnenn ttmm:!En^n w f t t -at fnmen ntmm fnftw Rmft, f s t s t t fmens atfw mn^ fnent*tw
nw 'wtnn tnmft f n n n f w nt^ntnenn m n m -a S m n - m:n sftntcA -ast wtmrnt n s s n w " i
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mi tmnt mmen m t ^ -a n m w twenn atft^=f stm me^ i wtemt w t ntsm mn t n n r n i w tmn t e ^ Ate-ocA, njRtw
tnmesm -at nmsnnfA mnn tnmft fnnsmtess si-gsits^ nsrnn -a n n f t t w f n n twn c ^ ^ f n e n s afttfnns cssgfsf stew
atnn mie^n ftnten tnenfsw stm me^,tm nnenn mfensnnn i n^cnn ffm t w m fRfnt -a fatfflw fsnenn fness wmns
-at^ftess ^ -a w t f n w t e n mnn fnen-a tnmenn mftm -a Am I fmt tnmenn w t n w csnn -assft m t ^ fRi-Rcnss,
mfn f n n ^ten -at mnm nfins nn, nnt tm -aft f n mnnm t>fse-as atff^t -a wtms wwj^fft fn^ -a wtrntRtss tnin'sfnn
t t n a i f f i w I mmn fnenn cnnn cnnst wmmen tnmenn t1msf% -a n t w Rsm nsen, met ntet -atstn wtsm wm -ann
wfm^fwn-at^ t c i m I ipnw fnenn n w wn?m, atfw crot, ftRntm -a witcns nnft mm ^sfAfe^ - a f t t ^ f n e n s w m a t ^
atfw ?Ten n n f e n -atsR mnn nsm w n m w n m w m i c^nrn w I -at nn Rmn ftnenn nem nneses arntnftn tsnn
f n n -aft fnmnfn wtemnenn mn i tsrew wmtenn cstt -a mnm Ate^cA, -awtat wtmAS n f i t mewn f m e n t t m mmn w t i
nnewtwfcn atnsnrn me^ wm tmn n w m -a -annmm wmmtcn c^nm t m -ann - a f t Rmn ntAtcw mfcnst nsfn fnft sftnteA i
tn-'iiciis mmcnt n n n w A S I c w n tnmn wt^ -a nf, f t n -a WtmA wfwtm nenn, cwtmenn wm tmt csm nR cmnm wtfnew
ffnrnn nem cmn mfsn -a atcn men m i wm c f n f f % m ^ (AJs 8 Ato)! -awmfw -at n w 'wtmn mm wtittA t t e w n f t
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-at fnnn-fttwn msicnt tnnt%w -a mnmtnw tten, cnn t m n w n f ^ - a f t nAt t e ^ - a n ^ wwen fnentfww.fnew nten I
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w1%f mw nsfnm ntscn wTâtmn w i w w t wrnnnen tnmenn WtR, wtntennc^ a t f f t ssm -a w w n wm wtmAS W A wstsfntt
atfMt -a nemtf^mcn tm mnn w t -assft Renn mwm -a mfnf i ssfncw Ates i nntewn atcwjns m t ^ mf^t f a R n ^ e ^ wm
tme ntmmwn M n m wrmenne^ wmtenn n ^ stc nmtm ^tns } t w i e n m t n f f n A-anra met met -at nwjft-a t t cn,
fnen i w m ^ m n -at'stn mnwrtn w r nsmr-a nsn nn i c w n m t ^ wff nmw stew f tns ^ fnf^ mn^, n s t t n w
w t s w n tnntnt wtmenn -at f s atwjesn f f ^ f n cn, wmm -aweartwwfen wfew i -atttcn tAt mn n w j cn, mf^-sfnean
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ntftwtw f m f R mfnm sfnn, wfstmmen wmtenn w t f s -a wm tms f t i e t f I njR -a nmewn tfiftw m m f wwjmnj^ i
ntntfwss f n e n a - a t m?ra Wfnnn f n n I t m s n t r s j t , wTnrn nfn tAtst tfseaffwo n j R w f s n nscs cn, - ^ f t nmw -a nntewn
nen mR, wm -a n^ nnw n f , WtAt sten cnm mten, fnenn ntn vojAfls-wnfn wm nimmtfR tfm t f k w cnt n w tttmens
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cntwffn n f stew Rwenness nnn nsfnew mR, cntftn nttfnc^ mft f s ^ -ann c w nmw -a n @ atRflw -stew tten m mms
nwj nn stew ^ nsfnm Rm:n ntmrnni -at w e n wfcrnn atfw t c B t n j -a nnsj Ates ntfcnn t ^ -a ntft%n nsn i wtnnncn
^mn wtm, ntntw mtenn w t , atn^ fsnns ^jtew nm nsm, wtm^ tnmenn tctm-a -atstt i cwm tntlciis -at n w s f c n s
n^ ^ e w ntfnnfw f mwtenn atfw -a nnmenn t n n fnmn ftmt nem -ann n n tmmn -a t t w t nftmcA ntm -^ssft t ^ f w f n
Wf wnf ncs i cw^n -aAstn -ann fnnn ntm mf wt^-am nntews snsffes^t f s e w -a Aies> t^fwn t ^ f^tes c^fmtew
tnmft Rsiew
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fe(2-A
RWt I WTft twttc a t t t t Cttttf ftfftltl, Wftt-ttft w t ? f t w t t t lent tett f T c t r o t e f t wwe? f t ? i ?f

f t t T t ttr trtw t t t w f w o r a f ^ t t t t f W I a t W f t t WW a t ? a f f t w t t f w r o tft W f w ? w w w r o tfw
t t t r r t ? f t R s t t w tt^-tift a t t f t f - w T r f t - w t f i T O f t t ^ I WW W f t c f f f f t % ? a t t t ? t f f t f t f w r s t t ^te
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t m t t % r t w f w I t r e ftt3 t t t w f w t t tttttc? i t t f t WW w w e t ? t w t t t ? f t f t tf?fw5 #?e?? f f ? r o " u i t ^ t i
a t # f t w ttet ttet f^tt t e t wsft? T J I ttre t i f e t t a t t f f c t r t f WWC? a t f f t a t w f w t w # t c ? ? f t t w t
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wtjft? w f t f C f w f t r o f w t t I a t w t r t t t ro, t t t t t t a t t 3Ttw a t ? a f t t t t t t ttrtc ft'trt (t^r?wt r w ) ,
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t t t c w t fft t t f t t rot I t t t r t a t fc^Ptt ^ t w t wwct? f iricf^ w r o t r t e t t "wtwcf? f f f t ' w f i i t f t ? f ww? -a
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?tfet? ffttttc? t f t c f t f f f f t f f t t r o f w I f f f t r o w f w'^Ht? rot I t r o w w r t e t ?
a t ?? w , f t c t t t J J - ^ J ' - ^ ^ . u j i V I <ui V f^
'wt#Tt t r t t w f f c t f t f c t t ^ w tt, t t t f T
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t t t w # ? ? - f t t t c ^ w i w f w r r o f t w c t t f t f w tire ct wwe? w t r e t t W f t iro w f w f C f f f ? fffc. t t w i
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tfttwe? ft?te?ift ttftt # ? w a f t t few t c t t r o f ] 5 W tffft rte tfffwe? f f W 1 t w 'W? wwc?? a f f t W f t i
f w w , w r t w c t t ter? t f t t t t ? wtffttf? f r t c f w i t w trt?t w t i w t t f t ffc^ w r o f t ? t f t w ft%t ftfe t t w i
wiwet? ^ - f f t f 5 W - w ? r o t i w t Wffft? cwca cttf?, rf'^ro f f t f c r ? t e t i a f t t t t t T ? ? w w j c w ? t f t
w t t i c t t a t t t e t w wrttet? w i w t w w f w w f t w ? f??f5 t t f ? W t t t f?t I wêff? t f t ftwt f i t ? w f t f c t WW w t r o
w t f f t r t ?5W w f t i f t e t w a t c r o t t ct?, a t ? '5te W t w
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TTett W W t l f t w a t t f T ? t t f e f 1T?1 f f f f w t f t w "
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f f t e w t rte ffertt f f f e t w t t ro, a t c r o t t t t w e t ?
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w f t t > t R f t ? rtc5" (rfe s 8 f f ) 1
f 7 f f f s i f f I a t wwfwf fttrc?? f t t a w t w r ? w t f t w >s
afft W t f "tfff # ? ? w ^ ?f? ttf? f f f f ^ f t
W f f w r (t)-a? w t f t t t ? I w t ? t c w a t t t e t w Wfct? t t t
fttvf .vsrttet t f f r? f? w w f t w r t c f w t f ? ro f w i ttw
^c t f f f W , wsaw ftswf WW t f f t wtwr? tctt w r o f t t
t t e ? ? w t r w W f t w r o t f t r s RCWT affile t t w i w w r
f c ? w r o f e w i t f t ? ?5ct I
W'wtw t ? f i t fc??, "citw t t f -a wwe? w t r w w r f t t f f t
- ttwftfffcwt
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w " (A s 8ff) I W5sra ?sinfn' wfnsRns mfcnn wnj f n t n w cn, mmewn mmen cn wt-niAs w m s w m m w ^^Rcn i w m
mn f s m WtmA m'wtm t n m n WOR, " f f n w ntmn m tme^ mem f n m cn fn t m n nAsnes. f n n fc^ w n f 4 AS i
^snfnnness ntmm îaicws t n n fnmr m t m f o ?ten mm, rnmwe^ wtfn'wt m n n e s w ^ n m AS r t n m e n s m m n m f c n
"wmm cm w i m s s t -ant R w m c n f m n fncn^ a r m t n f t f n " ntntwc^ c ^ nsfsntt n w t nnenw ste^n -ant w n f W t n f
nmm nsffwn i
iit n w mf^mo f n c n ntmcnn mmn n f ^ ^ j mm ..: n? mntw t n n r f nmw-fnmcnn wtmrystn i t n m n
f n c n mmw sm - a f t aifwitcnn mm mmn mmen nnat t m A nmw-fnmcnn cnt sim:nm atfw s^fsstcA t m s f w ^ ntmw -s
m^ wtnc*fe t n n nncnw a s i t A t s t mmen m w f -a ntemn ntsnw I - a w f c w t w t n - f mwtfn ^^ften t s m n ttntCA s "wtfn
<sm ntn n^nt f f l w a s mm m R m f m m m n % visiwis tAiensess f f t f e w fff mn nsffm t m m ntntw snenn ssfnen
e T f w jjiAi^j; n<, cma, wp^mm wtwmem fnen f f n m -ant ntsnw fnen" (aa s si) i
tmeng f ^ t ^ m s f ^ fnsn-^tnms w f n s t f s m wtmA ^^tms -at wtntew-3 ntmw -3 mmtewn ntmfw^ f n c w f w ff?nn
ntfcns wtgnemn f f f w mn w w wwj-s -sn^ nAmen -at s^m -sn^ wtemt w t AtsicA 1 f mwtfn nsffen t ^ ttîtCA s "-ant
mr*\ nmt, wtnm wtntenn ^%cnn tcRtm # m m i t n m n f f , fwrnn w wt^tAS m:n estates fwmn nsm t f s w 1 f f n
t m s ft^ f f , cmn teifm m ^ wwenn w m wtntenness cwtmcnness nem%o nsfnntcm I f f n f c n n mtmen ewrmenn t n n
nnenwwten cett m n m f f : w -ên wtm ntmews msren. csnn nseirsm wtcmn w n m t 1 t m cwtntenn f f m t f m f n - - a n
wrmenne^ f f n n w w f mnn f s e w t t e s i nts n r s mmewn fnmw I f f n f t f emmcnne^ m n w n nsfsntcAn fnfnn'-ant-at
msren (wrm nnflten A t ^ m w m cmm-a) ns^cn ffs? ffs? ffwten-e, mmew n t f n cwtmenn w m mf-sfsin An -ant cwmm
wrsmmemsm ns%t cnen cn, wrmm <at nnsn mfnf ^ f s mnn n t f ? s ; n a rnns wtfwn w m 1 fmt ctnm ntmw mtesn w ,
fnsTCA ntm t m A S mf^^nw nt^tfws> f n e n s nftw f t w i n t w m-a -ant wtmAe^ w s n ^ w " (aa ? ^^v) i
w f w t e w mmw mtenn msm msren cstmen tnmenn mntfw^ -at wmtcw ntmw -s nrmwcss cststn t t m c s nrmfwns
f n e n n tetm nin nsn mw f n m mess, njf^ nmewn m f s f f f n e n n 1f% ftmcn f f ^ nsm ^ s t c A wtAie n t W o n mmfw^
n A t f s n n k n s n n t f - ; ? a s , entmen t m nnst tmwess -ss^ f w nsfnc w c w mm f f t as m, fnetn nsffar ntsnw
i^^^fcu!-sfffs nmm fs fmfn t n f t m t 1 n t c f wtw-s t^ w t sten fftt fimn -at w-anm en^m nm, tAis
wrmense^ wm - a f t -^m 'sisn ntff: sten, >at nmn ';[ft% tc^rm fnf? wnfcnn ntstm nsm 1 wmmmn, nmw -^c m f n s i
cnt f e a t wtmn mm Ats? m c w , n w t s t f n m fn^p w m fng-wm w R m n f n w nlAte n t e n n f e n wtnn m?!t ffnmfnw
wtn.-srmfwfn-Aintcnn fnc^ ntff:w s t e s i f f f g f'nwten t ^ m AS wtms f s m f f w I
AtntcA, "cwtnrn t m n (wtf-mnfwfn-A'rstenn) fness f t fmt ntsnews nt^tA n ^ t n t n t e ^ m f f f mffen 1
ffntteS" (A o i(5ro) I tsfe f t t - a i e s f f n r n n a s , nmnewn tet^rm w t f n ntness
t m n t n m wtems ffsens mm, t m cntfnss -stew wrgss m nrnnfwtcn ffsm-a nsRm n f i w t e n R R - m t n nsm 1 t s t s t msjcn
c w , -assft css^fffew nnenw a s i ^ntnmsncnn a t f f n n m1^ -s cftff n t e n n t t m n n , wrsnn, rnn -s fn1n-n6n -ann n n
wsnsnm ntntewn w m nnenw A n m msren w r f n t c ^ f f f w -stew f ^ mffew nten mm f e s f e s '?nfw^ -a n ^
t n n f f n -ans fnmt f c m n wten i t A t s t mnren nmmenn w n w m w n cmn f f : w nten 1 msnewn f n n n ^ t t e n
cmnfcam f f t a s -ast n s n w w t f f f m w <pen i ni'=ile-os n t e n n f f f -a wn?m t f f w ntff a s i -atmen n ^ f s cn, ntmw
scnf-'ievst wrsmt n f s r f -s ww f n n stew wnrtAfw mw m ? ^ nem m f a m -a ff% t w n w ^ Rrnmn nftstcA 1
f f : w m R I msmnw wtmenn wenn nft mfm^ n n w - w n nrmwess mf^nw w n m ntntfwss cntfnss -stew ffmsm nsm
-ansft n f n n t f fnmmn i nnnn wst wtmenn rnnmn mf A t ^ , cstmen ent -a wtfwn mft t c i , n t e n n mtmen cftftn
tsn^ I f f t f n w m f n w enm ^sten I -atwsfrantnncwnfnninnttSs
viinswn ntfn nmr nnfwcnn fness wsjnn Anm nnn f5t w s Atew mnn n f f s w 1 t m t tnntens s m f t 1 fmt nrsnw nttts
en, wtms -at f s n w^lttn n s , nnt t m s -assit f f n f n t wm wJfenR^ f f w m?tN3 t s m w f f n n fw^ ftnten^ ff:sf5w a s i w
sftstcA, w m wtms f f f mfnfsftstcA, wmt en wrsmntcmsm -at w e n t cnm rnn, t n m f m l f f i f w Amn ^ n n f ^ f n
. nsfnew men, fnewn crnn-apftn f w wtmn f f t nos i wtmAn ntnen (n) wnfcnn ^ n t e n s f s i c m w i ssfnm m f ^ f w mfnsnm j^c
fnwmn w n m o n ^ -^-anm nnn w m w m wwra wtms -^n *il<M-o S ^ w m w m - a f t fnnm fnfnt nscan 1 c^nm est cmn-s
tnntf ffêw
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M8
twj t > f e 5 ^tCt t j f t Cttft? W^lR)<P tCttWCt? t t f t f f ? t c t t ? r ? , ct? wtjct? w ? t e t f r t ? w i f ? f t 1 cter

sftet f r t t w W t t f j f I W t t t t f t C t t t f WtttCTt t t w f C ? # ? ? a f t t W t t f f t t f t e t ? W t , ctero#?e?? f f f t t cwca t r t
Wtrt t w t f f f ?tct w r t t f f f w f e t s f t t f f f r t i w t Wftrw W W f t f e I wt? CTt fttt? fftc?? f c R f j w w f ? t ? ,
a t t i w t f t t # f ? t ct w < ^ f t w w t r t r f tt-a f w ttfw: tc?? w ^ Wtw, w t r t f f ; -a t t f a w w w frtew % w -sffa
ttctw I w t t t f t t t f e rte? t t ? cww-Wtw rtcw ^ f w wife? t
a t w t i t t t t t t t w t t w t t t ttftef wwe? tft wff fiffWe? f f f t t ftttet? f t t t f e f c R f j W f c t ? ws? -a ttw^
f f t w fttte?, a t t f f tifw c t t f f ? fc?? f w t c t ? w w t t w t t f f t f f f?i, Wi? cfCTf f f f ^ t I
W W WW'S. w t t ? t w?-t??tc? ff < s f f w c ? t f f f f t t e ? I wffifwte? f f w t wftjfwte? a f i t tjfwf t t t t w t f t r t t
ff?a f?wc? a t f t c s f f w rtttc?, "cWtW W W f t e t t f ? , f f e t f f e rtet-a tw a W t t t t t f t t f fttt? 1 trte w t f a w f f e
W W f w ? f ? a ? i w w r c f w-s f s t t f t i c w t w cwwet? w w f t i f W a t w e t w e t ct, w w r W w t w t r t c f a f t t t f f f t
W W ? t w R ? W W WW f f f w f f t c f ? t f f t e ? c w t w tw wct tft? ftt? ^ ffwe?? (g. Wt-Wf TW A s ib-ff) 1 wr'ff
w t w r s f ? f t f i f g ? <3 f?w? ftwe? t r s ? ttni?ief w t c ? ffw t f W ? f W ? w w a a f t w e ? t t ? ftftat f t f w e ? ? 1
(10 s r o ) I f f W t wtwct? t f c t ? a f t t t ? w r f f W^W a?t a f t t t ?
t t w t t w t c f f # f t w t f f f c t t ? f t e t t ff?we? t f W ? f f ? t c t t W W t w f a f t -a a w w t ? ? f t s f f t f tttw
( f . Sisoff), ctft f f t w ( g , 8 s vst) -a w f t t ? f t t f t e t t t t c f I a t t t t ffettwie? tjfw? w w w w ^ " t f t ? w t 1 trt?t
fi?we? (g. s rfe) 1 ttw t t w f f wffff? w t w ^ f 1 f c t w t r c t trfw wtrt? f f f t t t c f ? wt?^ t t f t t w w f c ? 1 c f t w
t t w f f # t ? fttt? t w e w ? f e j f ttfw? w f t t f w f f e t t w ? wrr?t wtrtcf w c f f f f t wtrtet? w c f wwt ct? 1 t f f a f ? w c ?
fftfttt? WW ttftc? fttt? f?? f f t w e ? I w t w r f f f t t f?? tw? w e f Wet t r t ? ffw-a ffef? t f t ^ f f f w
a t w e ? t r t ? t W f t t w e t ? 5 f f fttt? ?tttwte?? f f w e t ? t c t ? ? (cr t f t ! ) , "WW? W W t f t c w w ? f f f t wtw? t f c f
wet-a f f f f l r ? I t t w e t ? ? ^ f ? t f r a f t f c a f f f ; a c f ? iwteiti f c ? we? wfrtcttcf ?ttw w o , wtft wtrtet? w f t f f f c t 1
f f s t w f ? f t W f t t s t t ? I w t t f f c f ffttt? t f t wtewte?? t t l ? wrttcf c? W C f wtft WW? w t f f t a?t W f f f f w t t f t 1 w e w t
t t w t ^ s w r t ? w f w f t c t ? ftft a f f t ff?t-'^tw w f t f t ? w f t W W ? WtTte? t f f i wrtt? afft tw? w r r wtrtet? f f f ( t r t
f c ? I a t w e w t ? w w e t ? f ? f & w f t f c t , w f f ? #?e?? cw? fft wtrtet? wtw w-a), r ? w www f f w t w j t e t ? t w ?
w f t w w w t - c f f w 5 w w e t ? w t c f ? tft t t t e f ft<3 r t e t tftc?" (A S i V f e ) I
w t t t # t c ? ? t f t w ? t t - w t e ? f f i t f f f ? ? I t t w t wTttef? a t w c ? W f t t t ? trffstwwtet f ^ wtjff%f tet
WW ffttet? Wfte? c t t 1?ft-ftti?f?fft f f t w e ? f r t ? f e w r f w f t ? r? w t t t t f t t w w f c f a c w c f T f ? w r ? cfi?r? ?tt?r?
f f f % t t t t w t f , ??t t n ? f e w w t r i '9tt?f -a f ^ bftcao ffet? ?t?ft f r t f c ? I wt? trt?t w t r c t w r t w wwr? tr^
f e f f w t ? , wrte wtt?t t f t c f wtftt-^^wet? t t t t fffe t f t t -a wtrt? f t f s flWWe? f w s a W wtW? fffe t w t r ? 1
ftft; fttew? t f t wet? w t t e t ? f w t e t ? w w wtttt ftswffte? w e r t t w t T ? t w c f t f f a f?wte? t?fft rtttc?, 'WtttT? w c t t
a f f f f w t t f f e f t w fffe ftft a t t cftft? w f c f w f ^ w e f ? f ? w t ? w t f t t t t t e ? I wtw C f f t t W t ? wftw? W W # t ? w t e t ?
fe*f fttffe ftft I fttt? att wtrt a t ? f f t f t c t f i ? % w t f t f f WW t t i f - a t w j
a t t w wsf? w t f t t s ? ^ e ? t t ? W f t trt3 t f t f W ? t t f t f f f c ? a?t r f w t f e t ? wfw tffw??iet f f t w
cw-wtw ^ e f w ^tet, c t r wt?tt-wte?f ft-w% w s t t te? I... c t t cwttw w w r ? cfff t r c f ? f t f f t s r w t f f f c w
w f f t w #?e? f w -a f f i ? ^ t r t f f ? w r t w # t fffet, ft? a?t wfri? fft f w s - ^ e ft?" ( r 8 ib-ff) I
f f f f t f j c f t t ? t ? ? a t f f w ? f f f e ? a?t c t r "3 f t ? e f ff?at fw wtttc wtwr^ t r c f ? t f t f f ? t ? ^ f t ct?t? f w e
f f f c ? I f f s f t r t ? w f a t ??, trfw wtw? c t r c f f f w w t e t f t a t f W ' s i ? t f ? i t w ct^w^ttte?, fwr c?? a t t t t f f c t ? w w
ffc? I t t ? t t t w t G t t ? w??tw? f f f f ^ f t w t w f f w c f f f f ftcf WW f t t w ? ftwe? frtet? f t ? ?5ffj 1 a t w e t
f t f t ? f c ? , wf?ifwtc? f w ^ tw? w f t f t e f a f t f t ? f c ? I we? wtwr^ wffe R f t ? w t j e t f t f f t ffwe? ^ "3 t t r f t wT?"a
t t w t f r t c f a f f t ffef? ftttet? w f t w f i f w ttet ttrtc w f t f f w f t f -^ttt fei I wtr?twfet fft fSter ^"w? ffc? f f c t t
-a tww-#?e?? f f f f t w?cf ff?at f f f w t f c t f w r t t ww?i? ftfw t i e r Wttwe?? f f ' W t f c r ? t w e t e t ? f e ^ rtcwe?,
^ e fte? I w t ? i w f f w w ? w e t t c f t r t ^ wtffc w f t , f r t wttw w w e t ? writ? ^ -a îstw? f t r t ? ? ? # ? a t t w f t t ? ?
'^llitlC'Ts) f C ? t ^ ffBt? W & T t f i f t t ; WtsI w w c t ? W W ? f f f t , wrtw t w j t a t tw? ^ t f f a fitc?? f t f w f f w , t r f
ttwftfffcfr^
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rtwtn-t
wHfAS ff% f w s w f vs W R iwtn 4^ Innft fcntn f t m w 'wm-nmfwn' (s. A A i ) i w t -at nnfwnft wm f n # n w m

f f n m n e m f w stmcA, cm^ wmm n n n nnsenn fnn-sn -at
t n n i w nnctn nnsn wm stc^CA A ^ i tm fritmcn nenn fness s^rtc^ i ^ - n w m f e n fnemn cn-am stntcA, "cwmm
ifinsit nnHnw 'tnfn i tmc mR -at^mtmlR sn cn, tmn cnme^ttmnsm c w , wt-ntnRfn-mtmenn fne^ f t ffm-a"
mmen cn mRnwmcn mfnisw, 'Nwns wtnjiR^ t^f nt (A* 8 i 8 8 ) I
^Rn I Sm mt cn w t f n - ^ c w cnt TffJ w n c n t w nsfncn mm f n f n n fnmen fBt-wfnm -a mm ^ armn nen cn, -at
cwfcntfn^ %rf, wtfw n ^ fnfnttcn m n % >atw m mnfnns fnmewn f f t n S e ^ stewcA nnat mnn wtfwn nsmtn m n n i
n I tmst mmen t n n t n -aft Rs-nmewn Rf% fftn mfnnteA i f w m t n t n n e w n wtent mn -ant w n t w t ^ c w fnenn nsm -at
fm?. tm -ansft miwtfns nment i f n e ^ fwft m ê n< tmewn atnm w m ntff^ i nffg f nmten S ^ AtntCA,
-s cma Rncten fnnmnnn nnmenn w m m w ^ -s menm "ernnntt Smw, mnn wiFos w m cwtmenn w t f n f n ^tntcA;
nnrnn ntm -at nmenet cmnmn nsen ,i -at fnnn nmn m t w s cwmm ne, nnewn fnent m w , w n t nnn stew fnens w -ant
mf V J ^ I J i!o'i I "nnsf mnn -aft Sm^s w ^ " wtmcA^nmwtm" (-% i i o ) i
(A s Ai)--an nmRt wmtrmen atmn men i nmn.wtfn f w m t -at Smwt -ansma S m ntmenn fncn.ffjt-mmfwmm
stnn stc^t fln i w m^mmen -at ^ f f f e fne sten -a nms nsmtnffss mtffw^ Rn-fnmens ntsn nfnt cnffiw m-am
tsjn w m -aft ntRins cssegn atemwn i (wm f f t -mR, nn, nm I wtmrn wmtm wtfwcss-a -at m:m fnm fncw n w i -at
fnmw -a wnemftn -ann -aft c ^ nftmcA i i f n a ^ n w n -at nnscnt nn'm nncss f n f n n fnmewn f f n m cnmm w m men men
stnesf ftf'iw stmcAs -at w - a t t m e n n R m en-am '^ntCA cn, -at wtfwn f f t n S c ^
stewcA f f ? ^ n ^ wtfwe^ - a f t c ^ nnenw m i -at atne^f
WtmA nfnntcAn, " w -atmest wtfn ct^tenscs> -a^ nmmft
w<f,*atewje^ - a f t fnns nftntcf, cnfnens cn f n nsen" Smwsicn atffliw f n n t R ntAtew cwtnrn ntnn wtfwn w m
n r f ^ n -ant n t f n cmntenn w m n t f ^ n ^ften" ( A t is-o) i
m<fe, Smn afR wtmenn wm -a f1% nff^tntt me^ i fmt -at "tten -at ^m n m wtntms, -at S m w f n s f cnt n w
fnfnn wtfwn-s - a f t f f n m -s cm nftme^ i -at fnfnn wtR, Smen ^tfwm, mfnfat^-a wtmtf%^ snmfn affw-antfsA ntAtenn
WtR ftmen cmm nntfn^ atf nwtmenn f f n m nntfn^ aftfm n t f f l n t n n t f wtcmnens nft; w t -at S m ff^ wtemnenn
nfnm f f w i t f w m n mtm^^ nn nnmm -at aftffnwtess f t w nfsw w^ I w n wfAim wf n w rnns wtfwn nten fnewenn
nnm i nfns f n w -at amesf nen, -at ^ m fnne='iA cn, n w n t f n w ntl^tmcf i ^ m nesn R^-ntnnw essg A<3nm c'ffss
wnf?w nnntmeft ntfcnn tmmen nn ftmcn nnatnn 'Jfn w wwens tm -assft w n i m | f -a f f n w t R -amt -amt cêgs
stslcA I Ssten: nsmtn -s -smnnn f n m cn-snt ttstcA -ant n n f mfs ssfsm sn'm essg A-amn fsn^c* wtm% S ^ n n f f m n f f a
f n t n r f n wm ftnTnfw men cm mmem 'stme^ (5. ^ s i fswtenwtAtensesssjtcniafnmnm^ s
:^nt^-sn^--a-3 tste^ wt-ntm^n-'mtf^' m attfn nn nm
^ntcA (5. AA s A i ) I
tRmn n t ^ cnn, ntnn wtfwn -êw fwR wt-sftenn Snn . ^ j - i ^ jl l j > A I j J l l i Jal I i . i V I J
atff&w I fmi -at nenn n t f -amn n f f s wm nfsw n t f f w "wnm cwtnrn R n n , t s s t f m , t n r n ^ , tnmss, m'fm -a
Aam m f f n fnfn w m m n f n f f t nsfnntcm-ant tnmcn fnfn f m n nttsnnn n t g f R?m f ^ fln" ( A s i s o)?
nrnn-'mtnrfn' nfnm fffw i nnewt -at ^mt nncns mn^sftA c^nm -at wtemnenn f-gmw fnrncAn Asnw t f s t f n (wt) i
ntent wRRo m\ stmcA, ntAtcw -ansfn^ wtmtf^tnsw Snn w -at w t c w r e n s wm ff^nmne^ -anst fnnm -anst
a f f f ^ -at esscgn 'Snmm atmff An i f n w mm fnRg w f A f n - w m t f c n n w ^ ^ nsm i wtWA ^ ' w t m n n n Annw
w t c t t m c n tmn Se^n nftntcA (5. A S iAff; A A s A * ) ' t s n t f n (wt)-ess n e n f t c ^ n f ^ w n - a s t f f n n t f f w
f f ^ n e w n atRntnew nft nnftn n t e f m w t m n wm n ^ p n w nftw S#4An,^mt WtmA cnmm w n , "wtfn cwtnies'
-3 nntm m\ m wwjmm^ i mtmA wt'wrt nnmtc^ nmnmff rnns wifn t n m (cmm) f f f i " (A8iA8) i
nn ftnten fnntffs nsRrtcm -anttm (ntmfit^ -a m n f ^ f n e n n ) f w m t ^ t f f ^ tnmten mfncfs nmnn ^^wr f l n , Asnw
stf%fn ^ n w n (g. a s son) i w nmfmen t m n nm ^tme^ t n n t f n (wt) -at fAcss n f f a w m w m cstt-msm ^fsc-s-r, est
tnntf Rsew
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WT3fH-tttW5l
W f t t s f ftf-RRW? < f e j Rsiw fft?n? ftiffsm c f s fttrat

" J c5'-e-
f?i r t r t ? I fft f fsrrw f w ^ t ? i c ? , " r o t f ? , wrot a t
R?Cf (ftRtCf) wttet? WRt cfg, *ft1% ft?TRro f t ? ^ t
ftftt fRuilltrs) a?i wi<}>chficf a tftwtft?iftiiiiw , t<?iD^ "tR, Wtro RtRiw, w r r o t t t t w , w r r o #?? t ? t
cttttw t t t t C W ? W?J ttft? C R t t R C f fffttW R t R l t W ? w t t f e r a ftwfttf wtwr?t ww" (fe ? ifeA) i
Wt?tt?R:t frt f? I ttttfJR tRRttttJf w t f t t ft??t f w f t r c ^ ^^?5?r?fr a t ? f f f f ? ttw w?t f f c t t f e w ? r o
tftttflttt, wtttt wt\s?tf, t i f t t f w\ ttwrotftw? wtt f f t t f f t w f t c f a?t t r o WW W f w a f i t t w Rtricw f w
w t r o a t 'jrcf ffta ffttt ?tt" (A 8 iê) i ftew? t e t r W t r e t t ? f i t r? i w t w r W w i w ?ct?, "trrt
wtrt t t e t a t tc?? Rtet ctt t f t f e ^ ^ twt t ^ wtftr? ftro a?t C f r w t w r ? 1fffw?%f RW? f i f e t trt cw
?ft?fc? wtrr CfR f f t ? tfwtt-ftttt a?itTtwtw ftft? w < wtro wwe?? wtf ? i R ^ " (AA 8 OA) I
r?t f^ftw rtcw ftftrw tt ( s . AA 8 Aff) I a t ftfct r t ? w f?tt W f t row f t r t f n c f ftRftRfw? tc?r t t t r
t??tttt (wt) ^3 t t t t t t (wt) t t ? ftRt tftef? ftsttftt
r?f5 f?t r t w e ? (g. A S i f f v ) i t f t f f t t (R)-a? tfro r c ^ w t t
fttcwflct? W t R wtriet? t f t t t f ? Rtftef? cfftêw w t i t r rot ftrtttt wt? w f f f w t w f t r t w e ? i twft wtro a t w t e t
wt'wttt? t?f5 a t ? a f t t f f f f t f f t r o wtt f'Wt fc?? t t r t f f t t w t c f ? WH, W t t ? ? e ? ftttw f t t c f ?5?? ?ttw f c g t
w t w r ? a f t t a W f t w f W r ' ^ w wfti wtrt? ? f t t w ^ t t w a??, ftfttc?? I ftft t e t t 8
f t r t f wtwr? fft^s a t ? a f w ? ?tfR f t i t t r o w ? j f'Wt fc??
tfft ff?t5 tttff f t t w ? cwca f w w c f tfwt a??, t t i f o t f ^
fet? tft! ro ftfet? i ftfa f?wtw f ^ rttic?, "cr wtttcf? f j r ? cj-ti 1 ^ f^-^ ^ ^
f t f f t t f ! wtttet? fwtcf cwtro aftw w f t w f t atiwrttcf?
t t t t ? ttew cwttt? a f W f t w f m w fftâ, wtttetfCf
" w t t t t c w w c f ? ? w , cwrwcf? WR c w t t c f ? t w ?
t t i t c ? t f t t - f f f ctfitft Rt a t t wtttet? f t f w t ! % t r ;
cwticf? f f a w r o , c t t ? witwft? a t t f t , a t w t a t t r t
f f t wwtw w t i % t , f f t t t t f I crwttiet? ftwRttf! wtrtcf?
cwttcf? WW w t r t cwwcf? f f t f t t c f ? Rtr Rtwtc? f f t t
t?T rte wtrtcf? t f f S ?tfR cf?t fft^s, m cwttt? wtttwtf^
(ffwt) f # " (fttft, f f W f t - r r ^ ) I
wtrtcf? t f f t wtft% f t f w , wtrtef?ef tfwt? t t f t t w tfwtro
t t w t f f t t f t f t r e f ? ? i f I w t t t w t fcjf W f t c f
f t f w a?t w n e f ? c f ftfa f t f w " ( A S iAV-iAfe) i
f t t t t t t t t w Cfffe ro I f t f f w r (R)-a? wttt w t t w ? f w
wwsfg t t ? ttRtet? f?tt9?, t f c t t tft r??w f r t f t f ( t )
Rtcw? a f t t c r o t r ^ f I f f f t wtro a t c r o t t ? wwtw w t
wttt? f t f c t t a?t a t t a f f t ^ w w f f w f f t c t t t t r o wtt
w i r o w i w e f ? e f fSfWet? WW t w f f f t w t e t ? %
r t f s t t f t f t (wt) f w t f f t f f l e t t , wt? ftw ttftcf r ^ ftt
f c w f w t f t w ? f t t w c ^ f f a f ? ? ?tRW cttffw r t t t e i , ct?
t r o Wttw t t f W t t w f f c f f a f a f t t fttte?? fff% ftffw r t i
wt? c t t ?jf^ a t ftttc?? ttr tfew? w t t c f w^jw ftfttc?
(.1 n->.l .\ \ I.l n)
f r o wtict w t w r "3 f)iff?itr ( R ) - a ? w t f t w f f f w ?jfwtw
ftwt WW ftfe ct? CR R W t r ? i ft'W f a f t t ffwwcw? "CfR 'wt?e?? ww?ct? f f ? , Cft? ww?e?? 'wT?et? f f ? ,
c f g t ??, ??t t t w e t ? ^ttwf, wftfaf, w w C t t f f , w w f w f , Cft? w t ?e"=ft ?tR f f a f f ? a?t C f H ?tR f # w t ?e"=ft f f a
Wtffff ^ a f t w t ? t f t s f t t t I WT? r ^ at t f t C f H f t t ? c f t f W t , wt?5-w w f t i w t w r f t f t ?rf1w" ( f f t t t

fewtjcf f i f t wet? f i f t w t t r ? I r?? t??tttt (wt)- a t wtrwf) I
fcittjcf Rfct ?iffw r c ^ crott tfwtlct? i w t w r w ' w t w fffa f Rwtw^ w f ? i f crott wte? 8'
a t f R c s f t c t t , "(cr t ? ? i % t ) ! f f t Wfct? f f f t r c ^ crott

'jlc ^ ' j - k i -1= Jf'i-l^j L . ^ ^ ,V<;-J'/-^j
f f f W W ^ " (AA 8 A t ) I
r e ^ t i t r i f ?^f?tfr. ftte?? t t t f f w ? t w r a t f w f t t t .^lili 4 J I
f w w , wtrt? R f t 'tttfw a f t t a wtwr^ ^ i R T O w t w r a t "wtft cwwcfacf ffw f f f t t f t fftw^ wtft cttea wrte
attc^tet? 8 crt?t a c f W f C ? ? ttrw ftff&w -^c ft? i cwwct? tetr
ttwf t f f C f t t
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Contents
C n t m R t W A S R f 5 Wfsss s j S W n t ^ C S Wfsss f S t f " wsp^n -8 ftnnmtffwn fnfwjj fn^ Snntftw A S I ffswm n t f n -at
amtennens
wmwst t w f s w t iiHs>cis i^^rtf^fws 1 s w t I sn'st n s
nnst ntns wttws cs'dj^t % T n m s ?tn i fsTt -at ''PSS sns
l a n t i f l t f t c n s n A f n t f s w , -atntcn csn - a n n c s n n - s n f f R n t #'^ o
mn ntAt -at tctcmn njtntw ntftc men, wnjm ^ R t 'JCAS
"cwmm fftfew fRsnn f n m c n f ^ n-s fnmt wtemn-
nnint f j f '^cs -ant t n n t n wmtens w m est #nn-fssm nemfw
mtfenn R msnR AtstcA" (ito % -sto) i
f s n t c A Smn fscstfsm w t stes i nfsst f s m t e n -at amc^ n m
nwnens'msren -at w m Snntftw A S cn, ntfcsn n4
^ntcA, 'fmm mm-mnfwfn-Aism ê ntgness R f 5 w mm
ntenn f w ^ w t i t A s t - f f t i cnnn wtmA m'wtm -at mnten
mtfn f s n t f A t t f n - s ntAstmscnn n w t n w m nntn mm cn m R
tsntn w n s
f m n m n f s m Smew mmme^ tm w , WtAtem mtfn wtmnn
nmitn % n^ntmn^ mf%s" ( A A S A<?) I .V'^Vunll '^J^LlllJ ^>jVlj o l > ! 4 l j l j i l .-CLjl J H > J
-at Rs?jfDcs> ffna f s m t m -atwtcne nm ststcA s
"WtmAS fmKnnfCAS nem nftntcA wrsnrnraf -s ffwtfn f f t

"est m R A ^ r m f n A e ^ fnnw <pfic<i f m s w m f f - m ^ , -ant cmntenn w m t ne^stsfsatj" (-so s A A ) i
wmm wtsnn -s ssnA-fsntn fness ncA" ( A % "iîH) i -at wtnien mnestffe fsft rnn, nn mnn wtffn f n w -as*
A e w nnssnfn -at nnm fnfs-fncnesn nmm nnnn, -at fm?- -8 wf^ I f w m t A c w msren wtmenn -at w f f R w f R mw
ne-sinenn fmm-ffwn Wfnnn, mnarm wwn, fnrnmt msemn f H w , s ^ m m t S-ncwn netr m w f , nmr -a nfnt n m f mtesn
dint -ann - a f t nimlws> simnm mtesn nmt ntmew snsinMl1 AS I W A ^ Smen stW--2tRn^, ?rfsf, f ^ m , ntwSnR^,
mRnn mrmesn ncm wmntm, cntmm, mw^. o ntm nwm ntmfw^ -a m t f f w ^ - a w i w f s ^ ^ n i t m n t W f cnm rnn,
?rtftm nnmess nmn snnm w -ant -acs? wm:sn nmens f w t n m f ff?8n w m s e ^ nem fnf^ sncns M f s s wtsrtf^^
nmntcn I f c m m f R m -a nrnrtnnfARfA sftsteA i -atR wtAtcns ffmns
f w m t -a^ n m n e w n wtnm iff%n mftm -ann cmw-mmm S^, wtffstewn m R f c n n mfnn i -at S ^ , n f R -a
^ e w ntfsm mtsm ntm f mnnt mmn fnntews w n ^ e w mes i n n s n f n n t ^ aiR m f a f n w n f n t f w f n m nen s
wtm sten -at n c w n -ann n n m n t f f f l ^stew mfnes m mm
w f n m t t nnn wmtm nntemm nftm me^ i w m tmew wtntenn ^^ ^ at 0 Ij..' a Ml I
t w f s m m -G wsesn f t m m A e w fmme^ n r n w f n c w "ntAtew wrsrsr wtmcnn w r t n n n ?msfnew sm? -ste
mRnm i men" ( A A A V ) I
-at ane^ ^ n ntftew s t e n , A ^ ne=nn w f AtewcA -iiW3t A c ^ sentnet f f : ^ fsff me s n s t n m f t n m f
t ^ - n t n m -ant n t n f m A m f n w n m AtstcA cntmenn w m f n n fnmens w f n t f w n t m ntfcsn n n G nR?;, n t t , w t R -a
(nmtfwns -a nrnf^m^ # s e n n ) f w f n S n n ^ n i Nsmnenn w m cfemfnns f m e s m s s t w ste f ^ ^ m - a ^ wtne*f S^^ffo
c^* -ant'm^ <3 fnmnmn ?tn' ( , ^ i l i J XJ^L . ^ l i i j t i l l s ^mScii I
i l l l ) I f w m t A e ^ f m m ^tewcA n t n s W n t s ^ n , rnns cmt^m, tnntenn -at m w n f e s n f m m f mtfe^

n f ^ n t f nmt nn ntm tnmenn fftc nrmA w m stfn mcst
wtfwn ^ nten fn^-fnmmmn f<iftn sffwf m n n i A ^
f f S w nftmcA, nnt t m n S e ^ -ann - a f t f n n fnsmesn
fnnntncnn -ann âs^ft wrswtfw^ ne^mn mm f n f n n SmAn nem
f f f l w -a fntA w m -ant m R m s f n n , mrnfw^ f n n ,
-Snn ntemn nnmess n t A t m - n A t f ^ s stt w i tAtst
wtwffwn5 wiAfs-wn^vt, n t f R ntntfw^ f R m e s n f f %
mmen wtmens f i l w t f s stmsm f f t A S I W I A I S I nmr fsR^ wte (^mfnm-t mmmw, ntmw, m w , m-en -s A ^ n m e f Rtff
mnn snm, fnff cmcam ntfcnn ntmef wten, wtmenn'Znfwns-s wcms w m nnm stnf f . ) r
mmfass w t m n - w f t o w n e m w w , wtstenn w f w -e sr^ndt (i) w m - f n w t f n - n n f n ; ( A ) A t f ^ st^nfcsn
nwmenn f w f f l m w wm^ mmenn nrnen n ^ wtfwn ^mn, mrn^, n t ^ , m^^n -a ^ - - a s wminnfA; ( ) w i m f n - f n ,
f n n -3 WtAtcns S'mn-mscnn t f w s m mwr^ wtmenn w t s f n - w m - f n m w n - f f n ntnAn-wtfntn-mfn, w e m iona R ; ( s )
tnntf Rsesnn
t.fs.A'v-s
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Contents
feffb- Wtt-WftWl t f f Wl1%'5T-*lW'<(>lt (?1)
w^^lfir ( t ) f t r j c f w t f t ctica? a f f t f f wtttf? w t fc?H, WW

(ff) W f f t - f t ? ? f s F t - T T t t t , W l ? - ? m t f R - f T T t w tw t i t ' t t t f W t ' wct f f t t w s ^ f f f f t f i t I Cflfr? f f t W f t i f
^ t f t - ' t t t t "Wftf " W l T l f f ^ - t t f W W , VI*R>?JI C f t , ftit; (fe) w?wf?fltf ??,ftfaFfffwtc? cfta f t t c t ? ftft w f f w r t i
f w n n t t f f , t w r T f t - t t t t f t t - f W t f t , tffwtt C f t , ftt?, W f t f f f ( w ) wtrt? T : f t c a ? - ^ f f r j w f a t w??tft ctffw f&tfw
i o o f e ft. 1 CWRt a?i <iif<f?iir ( t ) - a ? t f f t f r t w t ^ w t c t t t fTSH i w t t
ttf?jt ttf? f t t t f (tf. tt. t.)/ s ffff^ ? i f 3 ^ ( t ) wirtcat f r t w t fc?? i
twft f l c t t îfi^siir ( t ) - a ? f f t ft^ trb? i t f s t t w fittts?
fc? t w ? w w t w f f i f t f f W f w f f f t t f c i ?iff?itA ( t ) - a ?
^ j V i ) s ( ? t ) atswt fttfw? ttrtf I tw? f t m cftcaj? ? f
t f t a f c a ffftiw f f f t f t t f t - f f t ( g . ) f i t f c ? f i f ^
t t t f t f t f t ? wtrt? 1 t f t i t w t f "wttffitr I ffwt wtf"R-
t?,tk?? fwft f l c t t a f w ? ttaRf f f f ( w t t - f f f f , w t r f f t f -
Wf?Wt-a? f f W t i t "wttt t t t f f t t t Wfttt I tfft-tttsR-a?
f i w t , Af., ^ . ffofe) I t f w ? # ? t - w f c ? ? t t ? <iiff?iir ( t )
fffttsfc wtrt? ttwt? tit f t t f t ? f?fw v t t t t wtt-tirft?it, wta
wtrtcf ?i?tw wtttct? WW tfctiftw f c f t I
t f t t f t - a ? ?<1titcw f t t t f t f?tft-rtft? wf5T-f?it?tt (tf?
t?tw5-f?ffc wtrt? f s t wTsjr f i t I t c ^ t w f f f t f l c t t
*wi?ftt t t f ? , w t t - t t f f w r ? , ttttt? rtfftt, i f . , i o i ; tf?
W f f ^ (t)-a? a w w Wftw I aftt? ffft w t f ' R - f W W t
t t t , W t t t f t W , O f . , 1. r s r ) I wtrf? t i f t f w f t r t t s
ff?i?c? WW w f f f f w "^ti Wf^w^ (t)-(ii? t f f t ffw? f r f
w i t - w t ? f t t t f ? wt1?t-wi?fTt tf? w i t i t t f t "wttftwr tf?
f f f c w wtttct? I ?iffsiir (t).?ftfctt, f f t w t f t f f t w t Cf?
f t t ? tf? t t t f t tf? f t f w t s tf? f ? ? t tf? ?t'? tf? f"wtftr
fftcw?? c f f ? f c ? t w t w ? j ? t i ? f f t c t s f ftfttftictt, w t w r a
wM-f?rf, w t t - w t f f (ftsw) I
f t t ! t w W f W W T ! Cft? f f t c w t t c r ; t ? l wtft W t f t
wft-wf?fft (?t) f l c t t f f t ttwt frt?stfw? w w w t I a f
f f t w c t w w w Witt? fftc wtstf I wffw^ ( t ) t f t c t t , wtw?
t f w t r w fwf? ttwt f r t f t f t t ? j % I W f ? a f t f t t t e w
i i f I t t W C t ? fitbtt-attt? ftttWC? WW ftf? C? w i f f f f t ?
a t t t f t c t w w w witf? f t t t t t w e t rt?tt ?jftw wtjtw t t f t f c t
w r i w - t r c t t f f w fl??nc?f t t w c t ? tfwrtct wtrt f?R?f? ^tt w w w Witt? stc a f riwt? tst w < 3 W ? c?ff i tw 'sffw wt?ftt
ftffc? I t t w c t ? f t f f t f w t f t ? f t f f t c t ? fffiwct? f c t (w) wfri? W t f t ffi^tit tre?!? tsf?r wjtf f t f c t t ( w t t - w n f ,
t t w c t ? f 5 t ? - f t f ? a ? i ? - f t f t t c f ! ? w f t -a wt?ff?tr ? i t 5 w ff?r?f WfWfft- fttw'. At., f S I S s - V o ) I
r t c ^ i f l t I w i t - w t ? f r t ( w ) ttwt f r e t ? f ? t m f t r t e f ? t f ? wttt? wftfte w f ? f f t (W) ffff ft. f'wtffw (W)-a?
f t t c t c f wtffvB "ft? f s f l f t ffef? WW Wf^w^ (t)-a? rtcw f f w w w w r t e t t t f f f f t f c t t I ffsf wtw? f a f ? t t ? t ? f t
c w f f fc?? 1 f c t cWf? w w w at?, w f t - w f t f t t t w ( i t ' j c ^ w t f f f t rte t f ^ ct, ftft ffo fr. t t f f w t fc?? i a t t t ?
ffffc^ f^jwrc? ^ftcw w f f t I a t w w wtrt? a t ' ( r c f wtrt? ? ? t Wttflf f r t f f i t ? ( w t t - t w w , i t . , j. AV) I a f
W?5t-Wf?f1t' W f t 'W?^-ttWt''a ? w I r??w *wiw? ?f-f|viC WTf W f ? ( w ) c?t t f ? t t f f f t t . ?5e?? fwffa o?t f f ?
( w ) f r t ? ? (w)-a? t n ? ?f W 5 w r t f j e 5 t ttwt f r t t t f f f t t f c t t I w e t t w t f i f tcr ( t f ? 'wttftR w ? ? ,
fc?t a t t a t t t e t t W f t - w t t f f w w w w fc?t i t?ctct fw? w t - t t f f w r ? , t w w ? wffw, i f . , i o v ) I f f j ? t t ? ftft
t t f t - t r s t ? (w) (g.)- aftc? t t w t f r t fc?? i f c t wtrt? f t f tf?iw f t f w t f f t f l c t f ct, w ' f t f ? w t f ? t f W t ( w ) ct?

ttwt f r t f t f ? t?,tTt S o w ? f f ^ I ft? (w)-a? ttwt wfrtt wttttt? t t f t f t fc?? I f f f a t t t ? W'f ( w ) t f t f ? WfC?
fret? w?ct t t w c t ? f f t f f t f t t I w t ? ijif'fjtir ( t ) ^ w t - ' w i f l f w t f fte? t t w t ? w f l c t t 1 f?t? wtrt? wtffcw
WJtf f f t w fftCfJ t t t i c t ? W W W tfcw Q f f C ? t f f f t f f f t ^ CfW Cfw? t f w ? w s f t f t t w f ? w ? w ?
(t?ft-Wtf?, f t f t - f 1?t, i f . , J.feo)I t ? f t - r t w t ? t t e t t , W f f ^ ( t ) - a ? w r t f ? wtww, a f w ?
t f t i t trwtcw? ^ft "^ct w t t w t (w) t f w ? ftwsw fc?t CWCf? WW t f t ^ rtet? ?ftfW fwft f f c s t ww? wtttw
W f f f t r (t) wtrtet w t f Wftw WWT tf? w r t (w)-a? t f t w ffttc ffT "^ct w i f t i t (W)-a? fas f t t t f f f f r t c f wttttt
WWCf? ?W?t WPffi fC?? ( t f ? W't, W T t I f tw, o f . , j. r s s ) I f f t c t i ? W f t f t Cf? w t a f s W f f t cfta<3 trte w t w f t i t i
tfw? wtrt? t t w c t ? WW t t f ^ i i t r ( f ) wtrtcf ? f f ? t ? f - a ? >it?if w w j t i e f ? a f ffte? W f t f ? w t f ? l f W t (W) wttfw
t r w ? a f f a w f f w t fc?? ( w t t - t t t w , i f . , f r v ) i f f f e t ? a?? wtrt? wtww f f f t c t ? i w w s f ? wt^t-wft'e
^ . ^ s n w r t ( w ) ? t ? , f ? f , f ^ <3 ft??i?tr t f t f C f ; wtrtcf W f ? f ? f r ? (siiw, wt?rrw, o t . ) I
?tff,?itr (t)-a? t f t w w ? , f f r t f c ? t i ?t? fCfi? t f t t w ^ c w rtf?.ffft? cwa ffft'jft twfwf w f f 3 ? f C f i a?itfwcf
t t w f ftfewt
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toes.
tm 1ms mm I w i t I w R sllff'jil*. ( T ) - > i l 5 f R?r5 i8i8 R./iJ>J>8 f . . A t . , f .ff-0ff--0to,n t t n AS8; (b-) t t A
mai mft^ n ^ w n I w s j e m - a f t tmn f ^ f f n nrntft, R n t ^ - n m , mcAra wt.R., A t . , oha-hb;
t s t Aiw (n)-<an ^nrnnsjc? ? R mtmcf i wimn R f s ^ c w f R (s)~tnîff"tnnS^tf*tf^, m m . mRm f f n n mAfw, nsntft
fat mt cRai 'wiSfgilA t n n (n) mf^ nfnT wt.R., ^. i S A I
f s n r c m ( ^ l A f i ' ^ - W H , An., f . <hs(t) i ^gwtn^wfn
RR t r n n f f f A t ^ m n ntcn m f n nwtw f t tpt 'smt *6lwRt"5^bM (5. ttmm)

t m m f , mnmn m R m t men 1wn mn mRtnt mn i tmn ^5tTg^ % cm, Arcos-wmcwr, c t e n -at men
mnmn-(iin ntwm ntn % i R f w " w R ^ tnf"n-mR^ i w w s w t c ^ f n t f t wmm n%teA i -aw^tfw n? n t t j ^ nft, nt^,
niff?uin m m R ^ w t n ^ w m f t (wtmsstw, t . , f . A S A ) I fai mw -antwnrnftm -a -ans nsn wtnenn w t m n^ nsn w m e w men
t m t n ,tc wtmn n s t R w ntw n^cn i w t A l w nswc^ m n R m wttitfnw I wjtenfnm^êwme?mnm. ( n f w f t f n t m ) f c n - a f t
n n R ?tmt w t (sft^) i wnmi'G fnnmm ntmn wmff n m w t m ^ n t t (wm-wmn-anm,
m ^ mme^n mncnct wnf|w f m n i^fwAtRns fAttlncw ntmm ^ j v r w m c w t ) nsn nsfnewcA i f n f n n cmm tfwmen -at
sttn t n n m sJAf w t f s j - w m R m w m An t n i i c ^ f m r n n wntmnfeAs nem w m e f n m m 3pe^ (Arcos de la
n f t m mcnns cnR i -at fcA RfWrtcwg nnnft-s f n t i F f f < i Frontera) nftemm n?f f < t m c n f f m s ws'fw
I
w i t f n f n n f%tcwn Innst t^ f A m R n n t m f < nn^wnn i Sttmn^pTtt -antnn nsjtf^nntn (Campina) wnf?w -ant
f A f n c ^ f f R f f n nstncnn men ' o m w nsRm cnn i 'ontnsns mat W - c n f t ^ (Sub-Betic) t f o m w tf%n fnns?nm?W t t m f f
cnm f l n , w t fnara nmt mten m, wtmn -sntRA^ ensA stcn m i ntn?( nsjtfsn (Cadiz) atcnctn S^-tf^sen wn1?w i -oo,ooo
Atmn tffcn! wn^tenn nnm Sm n m f n w t m f f m I S ^ - s n t w fsntf w^jfnw -amm cstettfn^ -s ntnfnns Swn fnss jitcôt
m a n m f flenn ftmn tn-pT *Wf ^ ftmens n m I w f w t n f?pff 1 w t t m - a f t fSfntfctn w w m t f s R?w
w w s t n S ^ f A f A m nstnnenn fnmen men? -ans wtAtm ntAm t m e n t ntc'Eent (Guadalete) n f n ti?t nms Rentw
Smess minntfnns a t f w f e mntw nnm I Smew nnnm nsinew Sm nsfnewcA i n m f t m t ^ fnfw^ nnen t A m ^ f < nsjtfnem
wi^rfncsmc^ i "wstft nftnn mtf w f w ntnfn nn -f^wn^t (Castillo) f < lant t s m s^tlf? -amnn nstn-a R w s -ant
pfncw mens i w t f w f w S m a K s n mm fnR^ nnsenn f ^ f e S n f m n n m n n R f [ < nsm An i arfstRmfn^ f c t n w n t m fnm<R,
-ant w n n n (mv-an cftai f n f & l A t f n 'S^rtncns n f mm i m^natmt, cnimnennnitfnftetnarntRtAmattffnefnnt^
wwgtn f w mpfs s i w cnn cn, f A m R fnsRt <>Rei cnfBt wsenm n ^ w I aftn 'wmfs-ntAW n t n f f ^ wm-ffsRn wfwnm
n t n f f j -ans f A t e ^ n f % f Ate f R amm ^Renn i wnemm ffnsmm w n w t n w m e w t fmess T^<^ ^m w i tnnf
mm 'wtsfwtA (n) i n (nen) Atwm ftntenn Rinnes f m n nnen attn Smmt wtfesn fs*e^ tRstfnw ff?nn n^ff'=f -a f f C
fnewn w t t fnat^n w n i w w s t n wmtm tftns-s S^ f c n j wtmenn nrnnrn (Berber) fscaicA^ cnwt tmsm t s n f n f n n - 'sntR-n,
w s t f n a i m f n m cnn (wmtmw, t . , f . As-a-ss) i t n n f nnen wm-fnnsntft n s ^ tm ff%^ AS I f f n A m n t w t f n ctenn fness
tftxFt wm-ntAft Sm f t n n t f msifn-nfenn m m mnfntnei.)mtnens nnn cnfwn wnaen wmcwf,
nsenn I f f n f f ^ n n cnmen nnnm w n I w m w f t i t nsenwm cwenn cnfSm fnemfnnra f f g t f ^jttnemnfA (Castillos)
fHR^R-s An I monten S^ fesn e w - a fs^ cnmen ntt i wtftn 'wisfsitA-'an cnntntftf m\ wtapi AS I tsn wt^sfn
s t ? t # f s ( i ) t f n A t w wt^-wtn<t-tmf, wm-tnmt, fnnn w t w t f (LS5U)-n f e t w t n e w n ntattffsR nsenn i w m -
i-oAb- R., i t . , Av-Aa>, ntmt n-o; ( A ) t f n mm, w t w - w m n ^ n - fonfARn (^^J^ i) t % F t m'f m w m - n t n f nffbrto/iiJsonen
f n r n , ^nnr wt.R., -of., f . ASA-SS; (-a) w - n f A t f f , Rnt?F m^ttenn Rsn:^ wfwntnnncn w m e w t m m oft^nm (Arcos
wfntfnn-fmnt, f w t f n m t f n fnntm, "Snmw i s i o / i&s.o, nn de la Frontera) f m n tma nntcnt nsenn i S ^ ?R Atew
nt.. A t . , f . 8ns.-b-o, ntmn jto; (8) cnt^, wtwIR fwR f A m -sfRwit w m ntfnm n f f m t s n w t f A'lfn'cn> fnnen
wmmtn-ntAtm, rnn t A s t t ^ - f n t A wm-'wtntft, tnntw wt.R., (Silves)--an fss-c^ catnt nsesn -ant f f n TSK t e s n
A t . ; (ff) t s f n - w t f n , S n f n mm, cwsnm i n n R, i t . , (Torres), cnfwm (Novas) cttnm (Tomar) wnentctn
ff5i>-too; (to) t f n f n f n n ntnn, w m - t n f f n (tniniti A t f ^ ) , S e w n wstnn A n i tosWi^ffo nen w f n ntf^nr
i t . , ion-ioji.; ( n ) Atffw w m t f f - f n w t f n f f f (Ferdinand) attnTst w f t w f f s s winesnn ntn nsesn i t A m
w m - f n f f , w f s f t f n - w m f wmmts-fnwm, mnm-ff<pn, tnniw fnnrnn wfnmfntt toffs./iAtoi nen R e g t f ^ c n R s wmnmem
t n m f ffticmn
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W ^
(Alfonso the learned) 662/1264 n m W t W C ^ ntpsi bs.o/i8bff men f m s ^ fat t t A c s t f A i m n f f t n tm cntmn

f l w nsRwnrnr w n \ nen n t f f (Marinid) f ^ f e t StRw An -ant t n f n nrm (Samma) tinnWi w m
' ^ t ^ îi^-A"tntn wtnntffnn! wfwntn f n t n nintcni nmm m^ ttew m n l f ^ f e n f t f (tnfs) ntn nscsn 1 s.oA/i8sn
(Salado) Wtnt w t f w t (Tarifa)-n fcw tntfww An i -at n n n men fwR fnmn ntnntnm f f a t f fg n t f tsmrnn-ian f w n ^
w n t g f n tfnnn (Council) w e w n n w # f ! m fnntw wtf w n -ant tnw w r m n f t s f m n fnntA cnn 1 Snent n n t f w
nifnmsn cnntwns tnt Rwtfww nnm i cnetn t t n n f f ttenn 'i^mm wtatmetn nnn s i - s / i j o n men f n - f n est
fnt-Rentns ntnent (Barbate) n f n f e n fAtes? Awit w t An i nts^m^--an f c ^ fnA 'sn 1 ewit f g t t A ent f A m Ailff^^ An
b-ffto/iSffA n n twsfintwtn f n t t wtnewr -antsn wtamt wnn -ant Wttmes fnw w f n w n w atentwen fwfn tmmf ttenn a f ^
n t n nnnn i ^ t w t f n r t f -at fnt tAnft fnnw f ^ atffw f f w f f w mm An i i o - i o f . mnen f n n f n Snent cmm
cêa tfntw A^snts wtnewt nt nt ; ^ e ^ (Arcos de la t t n m f ttenn tntwn f f j s tn t t A ent m f s t t A tnmtn
Frontera) men tJtW' An i > nt^Ftfn ?nffn n f f n An 1 ntfs -it nnn W [ e n fnewcss s t f f l w
a r ^ t ^ s ( i ) t n f f , f n 'wtnf nsm, f . i n s , w f n t n f . w n -ant t t A tnm'^- ftnrm:^ tfst n t w i f ^ w n 1 t t A
A o b ; ( A ) E. Levi-Provencal, La Peninsule t n n t ^ ' t ^ f t f e n n mm f e ^ f n s t e n -ant ntfs n m m w f
iberique, f n 'wtnf nsm, f . i 8 , Wfntn 1. A o ; () Die. f n ^ i f c n nest sten t t A cnt ntntn^wten nnn t m 1 w n t r f f n
geog de Espana, 1957, ii. 647; (8) A. Huici, Las S t n f l i w n , WTtAm !ê f m s f f m w n nncsn m t t m mat 1
Grandes batallas de la Reconquista, 336. f w t t f f n n t f n wtsfcn f n f c w ffs? tf%s f w f s ness s n 1

fnfcw w m f n m , f t m w m m ? ^ fntfwffss ^ , f f ? n f n
A. Huici Miranda (E.I.-^) / Wtf wtCAst
csfnenn nnm ntewm S t c n f m s ^^f^ f f r A t m t e w 1
^5rr?Itt^ ( ^ 1 j l ) s (Berb.) Wtnttn fn^ (arganla JsA-ii/iffAo nten t t A cnt f n f atcnt f s m w m fntenn ntnfnns
spinosa wtm arganla Sidero^lon), Sapotaceae siftf e<f tntfww w n -ant n t f t f n f n nrsfstf tttt -OAHA w n 1
ctiatf^ - g f t f%n; nnemn nfn^t t t f c n f f t wnita 11^ tmn t n f m e n n nem -ansit ^ m f n w AS i S ^ i s R fmfnss
nntmtf -at wtfn f%nft iê -ans atmn f w mm ntn f n f n t s n wnan t t A escts w f n w n mn -ant f n f n n t f t wnan
ntAtn wwjn? %n fîlnm ias# WW] fntntn t s n wtsnt w t AS; ntmenn nten ttess 1 f f ^ tsm arm wnrnft test mm s t t -at
tmn M n t ttrnntet mnA I gf^ w f t s j w I w t WtAtm w -awm tmfww AS i t t A est
at t f t n n e w 'wtsf wtmmfenn nem f f f nttms cnte^
-atsm w m f s m e ^ fntAtnnp w n -ant fnfew w f n ntetn
fnnst tfsfbw, fnsf f m m tmess fnenf wtm ^ê f f w - a f t
atfwin nsenn 1 S)Ab/i<j-AA men ntfcsn nnmAtens m=f<
mnstct fncnsm w n i
twenn t n t t A ent f n f f e n mtrn'-a n t w m f ? t t n w n 1 fwR
s r ? t # s ( i ) t n f n - n t n w , nt i.A8b; (A) L. Bru not;
s.'so/i(?A8 men tf%snn w n -ant f m n fat t t A ^'ntnn
Textes arabes de Rabat, At., Glossary, tJtRn iSsffA,
to-n; (O) V . Monteil Contribution a I'etude de la S^gstfsw mw w n 1 t t A Amtsn ntfcnn men fm t t i w n
flore du sahara occidental, At., titfnn i&ff, nt 80S. -ant nsn ntfcss ntt n n e s n w cattle atm nesf ne^ f f n
(atft#fnA); ( 8 ) A. Roux, La vie berbre par les fmmenn mtttA ntwi wtatnt nsff:w wsmn An 1 f f n n n
textes, i t . , tJtfsn iS.ffff f., 8-to I wncntenn t s i ^ A b f . fmrnn w t ^ m n f t w 1 t t A ^"mnn
m t t n ^ ' s f (E.I.2)/ i j s m n t m f f n fnwtcn -a^wn t w n s fnemt f n m mtm atwjtswn nsesn 1 tsm
wmsftw tes f m n t w n s fmmens w n t t mwss s f t f w -sn, t f ?
lT?ifm (u>^ji) s c n t ^ ntetn ntn 1 wtmm fnwenness
f f n fmrnn f n f t e n n c w estt w n n t t 1 w s n f n m f n m
^nfs ttenn t3S f s m nfnm mfn W (Raverty, Notes on
C5tetn t n fnwtenn t p w ^ t ^ f t n nnteSn at?f f t w w t
Afghanistan, 580, -at ntfn JJAt fncw w f f f f w W R ) 1
f f n m w n ^ nRm nen w n 1 s-sn/ieso men tiA fmnenn
t t m t twcsm ctens fness wmfncns atRff% ff% tm, n t n ftstw
n t w f m e n f m f n etn t t A fesn fnss5 tstfww - s S ^ msw-^cw
(Atstw)--9n fnwm fntnn ntn^tm f n - f n . cnt w f n e ^
ffmf? ?tm fnfCw wtsm atAt w n I nssw c t s ttcAS mm
i^l-*ti<tcss nwnn R f ^ nsesn 1 f n - f n f s t m f n n e m w afAt
cmn ntnen wf?w m A^snm wfwattes W f n t m ^ ?nt^ness niAim
w n -ant ftstcwg ttnnssfn n w amns nn atcmt atfwA
fm; w f t f f w wtmn 1 ntAtemn w f t f f w s w e t ?ntfn mtm -a
w n I f f f f m f t f arm bbs/iS'^s. nten f f n , nwmen
1nA'Gnm--an f s f f w f f n f A wsestens cstt w n 1 f f ? tm
niffbtcnn w t t , fffm tm fnmt-'an ttnm f f n n t n w n 1
t n m f tf^csnn
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f r t f f t f^t? f r t ? 2rcrof% wwr, f f t w w f l f t f f f t t tw? a ? i f f f W t w t f - a ? ( f f t t f wft-wt?w-a

c?wcf? w r o % I fe(2-o/iff8o w r t ^ W f t f t f ? t w f t w wtfte? I wft-'wt?w-a tro ftwft fit a ? i f r o
ftwtrt 'WWWc? tftc t t f r t i ? t w f w r t ? c*fc?? ftr?? w r w t t - w i ? # ( f f t t t ) W t t t t r t 'te f i g w I ftwtet? ?^ wffwf
^w?r?? t>l?M? wtfst? f r? I w t w w w f R f r t w w t t ( 2 t % Wf? tft W t t W t r o t f ? t w t c ? w w w "Sttf t f f t l f l i R ?
w ? ? a?i wt?5 frttc? f r t w w t f r cwcg? fws? w r o f?w a t i t f f t t w i e t t t - s t c t t e t t ^ t f t f c ? I c t t t t e ? t w e iftro
f r t w f t w W t w t W fftifb W R I w r ^"w?? ie^fe ^. ? ^ t i t i f flft-ffw t5t?w f f t cttit? f^s? t i t t i f i t I ft8tcw:r
ftstw? w?ft? t c w w t w ? ? a??, f r o f i r ? t w t w w t l ? t w f f f t f r t e t ? t c t c t f t r o f f t w f l e t ? i ?f ffft' tw?
????t? tf?tWt^tc5 I w t t f f 'G t f w f t w c t ? W f t f r T w t t?? f t w t e t f t n t
w ? f T - w ? r o ??R ifffffe ^. rte ifffei ^. t f s f l f f r? I f t f w t l c t f a t i f r t c f cTi f f t t ^ f f f r o w w f r o ttw ?tgw
f r t w t t w t?wt f r o a?s s t f f f f f fTit w r ' f t t t c w w f t f f f w ?bw f f f w f l c t t I f r o wttf%w?f
ctiwtWR-a? t w a f t ^ WW? f?c WW r t I a t ^%? wtbRct? csffwc f iricf f iff? fttw? W f f t t rte r t i i i f i t i
w t f r t w t t w w?w? R f w t t f w t f t r t f w t f t f wftwe? f f f t ff?tttc? ftfW'S ^ t t t f l c t t a??, cttfe? t? iô/iob- tc?
?ut? a ? i f t w t t f w r o t r f r o f t f f w r o wr'fet? t ^ t c w f If fC?? 1
we?51 feb-Vi<M wet W t f T O f s ? f t f w w r f w ?sc?t i i^fei s r f f # t 8 ( i ) f r o f r o w t w c t f (i^^fe
^. t w W t ffffet- t f f rtet f r o f a fr'twt ?r#t f t f f t t r , wt? g. t t ? f ' W t w , f f * ? , ofeff-fe; (A) Wwttff,
ft-ft?rft? w w:??, - f t f iffb-ff (. f f f t wrsfrwt w ? ? i ft?e?t i o f f o / i h > o 8 ; ( o ) w f t t w , rtw^ro, tff%; ( 8 ) w t t f ,
f r o f w t f f w f t w f f c?ct? ?fwf?tet j>ffs.i W t f T O t f w t i t . , i81-feo f f f ^ ; (a) W f W f , ffttw, i t . , !S.; (fe) W f ,
f t f t t e t ? WW 'wf?f?-wr^ t f ? - t tttitef c r o t w ? ? I a. w t t - ' w i t f , Brockelmann, i t . , 8fe; ( i ) TW R'Wtt,
Wfff c?t t?Tfw r t a ? i t f w t f t f f t t Wftesn? r T f ^ - W ? t f ' W f , At., 1A-bfi; (br) O. Resch er, Abriss, i,
r? 1 Wfff c t t ifffei* % wTftf fWttt wf? f f f s w c?tet 1 4 6 - 7 ; (S.) C.A. Nallino, Scritti vi-(Letteratura,
t f t f t t fe?? I 6 1 , French Trans, 9 7 - 8 ) ; ( i o ) F. Gabrieh, Up
sTftft 8 ( i ) f f s f l f f ? w f r r o , t?tw-t wff?ift ( s f f t i f Poeta minore omajâde, al-Argi, in Studi
f?w5); ( r ) f r t w t f Tftit f f f t t w r , ^ w t t t - t t??tttft (c?frt Orient in onore di G. Levi Della Vida, 3 6 1 - 7 0 ,
with bibl.
ibroA %); ( ) f T ' T W t "wrf f f t , w^wwr, wf? wwr,
Ch. Pellat (E.I.2) / >[fef??rro
(Beveridge); ( 8 ) H. IVI. Elliot J. Dowson, The
History of India as told by its own Historians *lM*lr 8 W t f Van) set? f r o - f t f e ?
( i t . , wfwt Wfttt afft w ? t t t ttwr w wf?it w w r ww w?t| a f t t f f t w f t f r a I t t t f f ? t n W f f f f - a ? 5f wet

f t t w t W f t afft wftft-ft^-a? fffte ?fb, Cfft f t f f t t f t f 5 ftff I f w t f t (Urartaean) f C t ? t t ? rtet t r o
Wftt); (<t) W. Erskine, A History of India under wtwcf? f w t ww ro a t t f f c ? t r o c f e t t f t f t c t ? ? f r o
Baber and Humayun, tQ? ib-ff8 ^.; (fe) M. K. w n t t w a r f I f f r o (w)-a? f f W f r w e t f f f t t e t ? W R
Fredunbeg, A History of Sind, ii, f t f f t ifeoA ^.; ( i ) t n Wl?? wffwc? wtet, ftf f b-t f f t?w t n W ? c s i % f g
M. R. Haig, The Indus Delia Country, R S ? ib-fe8 %; ?iw3Rfe^ wtfe^^w wsf?ict WffW ro i f i i A W t !tetn
(b") H.G. Raverty, Notes on Afghanistan and part
wtttt [g.l-a? t t t f w r f w - a ? w?.f?iet t t c f i ^. t f t
of Baluchistan, t? i V b r b r
f e f t n ro<3?if wffft?^ f i t , ftf ioAff ^^fcR? t f c f ttt
C. Collin Davies (E.I.^)/ ctts t w t f t e t t Cbtgft
t t t t t f f t t c t ? wffffe? wtc? I f r w 3 F t f W f f t t w t wf?etftw
t t t fftw t? I i o ( j 8 R t R f f f t w t f f t f t c t f ( f . ) t n
tii I ) 8 t f w f ? r o (w)-a? sjcfta a??, f w w t t t f ? f t r o ftw wfffte? W f t t t fc?? a t u t / i i f fef?c*tttct
f f t t e t ? t c t i t t j s f t ttwc? f f I f f f t f l c t t f r o t ^ f f W R ^ Rtgtwi f 9 - f f f Q ^tw t f f c t t n wttw-a? wt?ctf?
c t w i # 1 f f f t wwftfte w i f f r c t ? ww C 5 f f f t w f l c t ? a?t f t r t e t ? wewt? a w w f w ^ w t c f i i t / i o f f c f ? ft?e8
f e t f f t wffwc? c t t t w t ?#?rtflet?, f f c f t w t w w t ? ? t n f r t e t ? f ^ ? i f f w f w t f t f t e t ? r w t r? i i t f c f
'wf?fft-ttftfef? C t f C f w?w?ttt?ct? f f ? ^ w t w wc? TO?ro w # ? c t t R t t c t ? rcw t n r ^ t c f ^ tro "s?5f
cbtt? w f r t w f f f t ftwtet sr^f? f f f t t f l c t ? i at ttc? f f f t W f jf f f C f w r o f C t t t f t f - a t t f ? 'wtf f i r v t / i 8 f f s c f ^
ttttf ftfCftt
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sums tAtc^ f f m\ f?1%w W H (3T:< nsnit f f mm n R 'fste^ I fwfn .af^ nttnen cntnss n g t t n n nttessn
%rm) 1 (Michael)-.an wtnm nsnn m fnm:^ f c ^ wttsjAn
i n n f nmm T M wtn^n-t^n nrf^ln ?>tm^ ftnsra ms -ans. nsfnew mcssn i f f ? f n n f nnen sims nAtn ninsjf f n w t n
mnm-S?mf nfASftf^ft fn^ttm^finsw?i-fsjA?i i mRtns ttesn .answn <j>sfi>il) ftnten f A m t e ^ n c n f ^ m m
i nn nwss t w T M as# Simf aMmRns csim? sfmn nsn t l ^ mn I i o n n f f e ^ f f n niA<imc't<i n n n f n f nness mfnns ntcAs
f f ? w 3enn m R S^gn Im^s metmRw Asmn t m s fw mfnw w f c n wtnnn nscsn, ions, f f e ^ ntRss t t A fmess f n mwt
AS I bssn nwcsss nnrmcn nAcsn cnn f n n f f n n t s n nfswjfn ffn-.a[n w f e n fnfnm wfwnten csmn nsesn .ant i o v 8 f f e n
sscs .ant nwmen nACSs sRtmnctn stmnw wnnit i ^ t s n w t f n - . a s cnwftfen fnnm ntsm wRnten wttsfAf ssenn,
fness w^ n ^ 1 ^ - a f t ^ wtfRns n ^ M ^ f k t c A I iob-ff f f e ^ fnwtens w m mwt f f n - . a s ffjgtA nnn f n n m
sf?i#f 8 5. wtnenfnnt mtnmw i f n n fppjeAS Setet fAtess fntnten csmn nsm A S I nf^n f f m t e n n . a f t
(wtn-ntntfff, tnfn-wtnni^"-win -sFffsns"^ n t e f JRAS, i R F f ff mnRns f t Atn-smn, ntAm w t f n m f f f n aft^ Af I f f f
i5oA--a n v f t - v i A f . Amedroz-an mmnm, tmp wtftn iob-ff '^^tC'Hn f e s fwfn fnnm n t w t m^fnn wtene$tt
twjtfn) nft^ fnR^ ?ten n i n ^ W R S E 5 I % fainfA Ressm s?1ne 05tnm)-*as wtnn ttnns f>i(nii-.aRj nftw fnfnw j^m ntfnss ttesn
^tes; ( i ) R. Grousset, Histoire d' Armenie, mtffn n f s e i fno An i w n m fnRin-.as f f m f s f f n f n s
i58V f . (A) F. Neve, Histoire des Guerres de f f c t n w f e n m f f n stAn ssRew m m An i f f R fAtess iobto
Tamerlan d'apres Thomas de medzoph, dtcnnn f f c ^ f f f n f e n n stttnn fnf^ snisn I f m n f ^ n f i ^ wtffn
ivtoo % (o) n n n f wtmn, A t n ^ f t A f n r n ^ f , f n m ( 8 ) f f wtm ntn m i f w R nsennswn f f msm m f ^ ntm mn i wnicm
wmm A t ^ m f w feAmgm The Travels of Ewliya f f m n t n m f flenn Se^nemm i
Celebi, St; W e f n f n (ff) M. Cannard, Les ntfnns tiesn f f m f n w m f f l f n f f c n n enwcf w t f m n n n
Hamdanides, i t . , iirbr -a 8n t.; (to) E. Ho nigman. nscs .antfntAtnennmRn n t e ^ f m e ^ fmnrnf^^ptenn f w c ^
Die Ostgrenze des byzantinischen Reiches, Sftennn ntAmj f f e w mess (iofeA-io&ff f . ) i f f c t n f f j s ra f m m
i&off % ( n ) Besim Darcot, IA sfn^ Ercis, f f C t n fat wtenestm tinnss^t fnn"ntne^ w m fat n t f f m w
tAtew sftnfnns f c n n wtffnns f a j n ^ A nf^w AtsicA mn^ss\6i f ^ - . i i s fnnn;^ mrnnj nsen i f n s f snen f f f n f n
(Hubschman, Markwart) i f m e n n Ab,i^ A S .ant i o s v f f c ^ fwfnntess nw ffnn m^
CL. Cahen (E.1.2)/fAimn ^ s n ^ f f R f t n fsRfw Asnm f n t n t Sm ^fcnmncnn mnen 5 L N M nm I
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f T ? r ^ f ^ ( o s i j i ) 8 f m a m nnS-ss-fe< wnf?w .assft
w f e n mnfnsswfen atAt nnrnn .ant f A t m e n n ;mwt
n ^ I c5tiFAnfnfeswnf?w .attsesn wn?in s i f s R i o fn.
n t s f n t ^ c w fsRFC^ fAtess wmi snstn fnfn ( f A t m n ) wtAtem
tm W^ .ant 8A f. ffo fn. f f Btfnmtt i San Stefano ? R s
tmessn t w i R fnemt nsenn i Rs? f c f tntn cttai ntAtm .at nsetn
n f f n t c n i v n v tsjcss nnnn winniAt'tnA n t f ^ I n f s MF?m
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cnnt AS .ant A c^mtfn, i<Ai % f ^ tsfess 2t^fn w i
f f e ^ fps^nenn ; m f ^ m n f n w * n fnswfnsnn nsfnew n ^
wmt 55tcw wmtnfn t m C 5 t ^ fnntenw-.an n t w m f .ant nnm-an
Atct^ .ant TtiK f f m n , fnR nWicws S t n w t R t w j fnm
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f s e w m^n ^ m f l c n n , i^cnmntt nswf ios>n f f e ^ 1fmf?w
nnnrn ito&totown I
Af, f f f wtn-wtfnm cttltn sjmnenn w t w t e s n fcntet f f n m
Fr. Taeschner (E.l.^)/ ^ p t m n t n t f f n
i i o A f f e ^ f t n n w n n n S t n ' p f ? atfwtn nsfne n ^ s n
tl^^R ) l (^îSj j i ) s S s f f f mn nn, . a f t f f f ntwntt .ant f ^ S ^ g e s n s A W ^ n f A m n s f ^ f e n wtfnm nm i tReten
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w m f f t s n tsscnn f c f n t f n t t cntenn (a.)-.an w s ^ fwR tf4t'*ln w n i
f ^ I f m n t rnn wfnten w t n f f n i t ntetn ajfw^ A S i o n nmfmn^-.aRi f ^ t n ^ t m n InR flenn nnst ntnwtntewn
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WIfgfflUt
5fwt ntfnns wm-ffnn f m n n w t t fen fen .^fnn-s
n t m n mmtnT mmmtn m^ft f n m - % n n mm gif^fsmctn tffnmf^ nttn i iAon f f e ^ w f f j f t t wttmw w f n w nn:nn i
mten mim i f ^ n - f n fen fen nnt f l n mfen mtnnn nsenn i wnm WtAtenn fnewenn nem's nf%mn mffm ttffw i wtmenn
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at t f t wTcWbW? t w at? wtwct? wtt? ttt? at w, f f f t ftwff? trtftw wfrr?f fliR? wsfttf i t t t t f , fc?tw??fw
f t t rtct ^f?t W W C f t t f t f l t w t f f f w ? WWR? ttcft f f f t afw? fSffftfctr tfttw-atttflct?, twft wffiftet? Rcsf
CfR tttftj t f t ft W? ttCbCt t f RtRIt f f t fCflWf; tttt? t f f f i c t twt^ WTTt f f t ttfw? fe?t I f r f ? f^?iff?tf tet?
tIfC?? RWW W?ft? C*tf W?ft fifWtfCt?'ffff W f f ? t w CfR afw? f f t - f t Wtf? Wf? tffft f t f f fc?? w t I
fW W? I f^tsct? ftW? ttwtttact?, ettftw f f w ? ftttw wtrtet? tew afw? fr?wct?ew? f f f f i t w f f f w t t
f i t - R?W fww? w f t f W ? f W ? fiR I fWtCt? f?flR ffrtft-ft fr?t'a?tf? f f t WWTW cteratH tlct? I trt RW w,
f C f W t f t CTfWjRf? f t t ftCWCt f t f ? t t f ? CftCf I wwgf? <^Rt? tfw wtrtet? tfftcgttfw?wfte?tefwtwfwfwr?wt i
wirttt wtfttftf bivff-bbfeo fsn?T? t w i R f f f^ â t t j atfw wt?ff f t f ? f S R fwtet? Re5f f t w ?wif ftfewt i
wttw f f t t w f c f I ffffw, tn wttt wt, f f w w ? f f t f ? f ^ f t 'fef/rtf f w r f ? cfwefsi ffef wirtwf? fst-ft^ w
fftwt WW ft%t atfw? wttSra wftcw? w f t w t tftff, fn^ ftett wftettf wpfft ffttte? at R f C f ? wtwtrcf ?w w?,
wt?ffct? ?twrfw? wwwctt ?f5w r t t t f i t I trrcwRCRcr^ ffw- fwtw wtwtwe? eww cww ffctftcf at t?e??
Cft? w?ftf wt, w t a f f ?sf ffcwtR f W ^ ftftsc ttw f f f t C Q ft ftftsCW ctft ffwe? I iilro '^fCR? ftflWfl t t w
wt, ftsf "f? f f f ' - a ? tpiri? wtrtDi? tctj a f f f f wt t f s f f fw^twtft ffw? WfC?? f ^ fwew W f f t ftrrcf
fpftiw f i t I wtw Wff w i ? f f f??twft wt?f wct? f t f t f t f wt?etf?et?cf ?rttf rtw r w t f w i f f s f at t t w wi?ctf?
ffftt f f fffffsftâ ?W fftttftctt (ffsf ttfct? CRR wfff afft wtw-R?fift t t t i t f i f f t f l t att t f t f wet t r r r
??, Wrtw f t w f w t w t ??cw^ f i t w) 1 Cftt c f R - ^ wi?f H ffCTi tesf fttt tftea t f ' - ^ i at ttftt t w trt,
ffWCf? ttfWcf fff%^ f t f ? f f w f f t CtffCW W^3W W? I fw wtrtw (wi?etf? f&ttw) w fcfet? fftt? rtîtlt f r f t w
R@tw f f t S f t f f t Wtf?t f f f I at R f R f f f fKT? tft tf? f f f w ? f i t w, t t t f w fiR ?tw^tftf ?Ttff? I t r f f t ?
Wt?ff ftwRfCt? f i t ? wtft? C f t t RWf wt I R?w trt? ?s|fet T l w, jft fwtwrtet? f f t w i t f f c f ? wtr?-wi^t
Rftf wrt? ffcft W R (tfttw f t w afft cftf? ftw? tftw t w f t wttftw? ft? ftfffw f i t I a t RewT? WW ctt?
R f f f w r ? WW wtwr? tfcff f w , ctt wtw ttft f t , ???. ?rttTT-ftes?tt ^fte ttw w i t t t t r t f f w r f ? a f f f f
C f f f ? t t t j c t R t trf?w W W f t f t t c ? ) wtw rtcc?, at tcf? Rtttrtf Wt?Ctf? f f f t t f 'fSftft f t f l W C f f S StdTCf?
t t t l f ffSCfft
t.ft.5A-8
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Wtffif'TITt
"^^sm (Dzovk) nrsR5 mm f f w R n mi. -simitwitt cn c w .ansft w ? t f w t f t w i f t w n n m f n w t w t n f f t t mw

(Monophyzites) f S H m t n R t t w f w T s t nnn ntn ntnttnt 4t5si(li I
(IVlar Barawma)--an W t W ntfw (ntAt ntnfnwttm WtAtenn tnn^ffw nmst n w ^ wtm ntn, wtm êw enrm
W f f t i J i n w f e n A t e n Sm ntntn-iw -ae'sntn Snfnm % ntn, .afm;^ WtAtm f t f n W W wtfifenn S t n fnewenn (39tf
n n n f ^mcnntntwnt t t n w t n w f e n sRnt nnt) i wtnt'^'ant n w ntmn mtmen nest f ^ , niAtcns fnnro wtmrn n-sff/i-sos
wtlnen, wtntn nsnn-s nt n f g f e n wn?R f n w i w t n f f e n nnten .aft few tnfwesn w t wtmenne^ f n t w n f n mn f f w
wfvfiiij'W f?innn fntt fnfsn nsfnw i ^CSS^WH >\^K\^<>, ntAtnt ffww .amm ^êw fsnen ffnn stAt nsff^s AS I wmfness wtmrn
fnetnw nentffmtt ttntn w f ^ f|n, fnntn n t f e s t nnntn ent^, fcfimn m n f f c n n fmmtffmn f n mens, nnnt wtmrn
nsfnw I wntn ffnenn n?,njtnf#wt fln i stenetn nf^^n-ff w t n f f e n n f f t f n w t s n "winn-tmns-^n ttnn w m mfn
f n t e s wn "wr^n cwnt w t n / 5 ^ t w t f n w fln ntwwtesm nsffs I w f n w , w t f i f e n n nnfns S ^ n s e n n f f c n n e n s
stntn c ^ I fcnsfntnenn n ^ fnfnw stm Smenn fnêw fw nsfnewn cnm
ntsntftnenn fgtn wf?Rn f n w m t f stsPtw wtnffenn ffmcA I WtAtenn wtfn ettat entctn (Doger)-.an nesf wtmcnn
fSt fln ntfmnnt%nn ^ n w t wfwnn < I tAfc f%tn n w f f n t t f l n w e n ^ fnetn f f f wtm ntn m i Sstm m n f f
s t w fln nfnnt wffnw An; ^ tAt nnrnn w n nfnnt nen AS nt i ntewjn ffspt tf%n fnens nnfw ?ttn f n n t f i n i wtnfne^
w n .at nsnt nnt ^ flfnnfww w m ^tes cn, . a f t sttftn vn/sf^ t w t f n nmwtct wtncnfnntn t s n cnemmtfnntn
fnfnn ntnwtntcw mm fnfnn fgtf^ft-a flenn m fnfn t n n t f tntnapcn w t w r n n n f n n n t e w n f men ^ t n t n frnmrn
fgtn Its 'Sfn nsfnew wtfnewn i wiAt mwt ntnntftnenn men fcftntn, tf^ AS I stmiffne^ stnntjwrcnt w t n f f t t t
nmm-ntf^tewin n t f .ann c w mf f e f fln m i .at w nm-a ctentmnn tapcns nn<n fncw me^ i wes nen AS, w m f f
f n f n e m m ncA cn, m'^nf f n f t n nS-sfnn nesf mnm-ntftwj w f a i ^ t n f f f f c s mtmens ent^, (wtmtfs ttm) nnntewnf,
nfnmnntn csen slnslMJit-tens nesf mmm-mffsfi mm tsn^f w t s f f -a m n f f c n n nem mmntwten f f w s n t f s t f f t w
wfnewn f f % tttstfln wnm nnen stsfnw wtg fgt mm n ^ Atstfit 1
fnwffw, nsnw w w m f n cêai nmAtenn wm c w w e n 'Sfn f f o f f w nnmm s f f s wnft mmt mf^ m <mt, f w ^
nsm Atstfln i .at f % mRtmfenn cwm sft:ntwj ^stew nten, *a^ f f t e m t ê tm wwj f t t cn, n w f n wtmcnn wîtnfwns
f f f wtnffenn cêai Sm e w w t e n t f w nsm ntn m i tAt -a ntntfwss ^fsnean n t f sftntef wtAtew s f f n n f n AS,
.annt - a f t sf( CT n t e f mn^wten W > s fs^t-wtnm mn cntsfnenn wttnens f c n ?ff ntf^Htcnn f n n m stmsscns ntmt
mtca mes i . fff tm I w t f f f f f e n n wnnfw t f n f f w An i .awfne^-a c w
ent^fnenn ffstenn mm wtnffenn nrsMw^ ws,nnw nfnfn c w tsn, f f t n w R f n w n n m s f n nsnw f f i ^ wnscnn
en n t f s t m mwntfin Sm nwi I .at'mtmen wtmenn wmnett wnnfwn f c m t sfAt nsfnntfin i .atment ent^R S ^ wtmt
wtîwf^ w n ffiimn nftmeA cn, . a f t m f n ntnwimw ffwten cssea tfntw Atsifin i vn/ist t m f e w ntnfen fstfn R^t
. a f t fwn S ^ nnmintfn ws?is men Rewens mn m-anttm m^ fe^tmen m f f l n -ant w t s % f f t n w f j w n stn<m flenn
n t m f i n i wen wtntenn f f m , .at mtmen wtfnmn nw S,n ffmtw nsR n t s f n - f n w t n - R f i uqtn wtm fme^ nmenn
wtntenn wm wwm wstfn i wtnffm t n m f e n n ff wfsen nfsw 'stnt nsm AS I f f n nwntn mm cnt nnes cnt^nenn
nRnw Atsiilt I W f wtmrn .at fcntn mw nsfnntfin cn, wtmcnn 9jtcffnsswt mw f f n t f i n ; ff?. c w c w nnn Smenn
fmrnn Smfn nmn fln, wfnfn ^ns f f f nnn n f s wtmm SsmRs>lf ens f n f s fnRAtna tttstCA i ^sen wtsfftenn -antW
cnt^m^fn ntmrnnnf fftm stfwfnR ftnten f f f s w ^tc^flî .ant tmens w n t m RsfSt f s t f f l w f|n i nemffmtt f f n e n n R t t
wtmm fnmn m w n cnt . a f t fnmt .ant^ sftn fiffmen cnnw wfnntt nnn ntnfen mmt f f s i mfmrtn mn wtn-ttmn
ntsifln (Wffmf wnwtn wnftn, mnjtnnfnfn, nsnw tntnn) w t t w .ann mm sftiaRn flenn ntAtew ^tm ^tnâ nmenn
oqnt .awfnc^ mfn, f f t f n W f (wt^rfenn) wtnntn ne? 'stnt nsm AS I
(mm^wn) m f n m f f n fln I S t n f t n m f e n n wmtm m w wmfenn wtajmet . a f t f w n Rgn t f n f t AS I f n w t n
nfwcnn n w t wrsffttt-s w t n / tnmt t w t f n sftnteA ctmtet wiw-w"tftn t m fAtess fnnenn mm n t f nttm ne^ncA wf%f^
cms^tens twenn nesf nesft w mm m f n '^m mn i .attcs nsm A t s t d t , f n ntwjcss wtnfcsn f i t n f m ^ e mi f n c w
cntfnenn ne^ nc^ cn n w fwn niwtf^ w^nn ,t?<i(An wntcm m c i R mt I f ^ ttn fness f n n t n ?p nscsn wt^jfeim ne? ntAmt
t n n t f Rttcmn
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Wl?fff"Wt
f i t |?)fM^ fe?f1% R t < f , W i l ? 1?ctw WlfWtftf Ctteai? ffettw f t f ? fttff? wtf#et? t f f r t (wtffffw), CL.
RC? ?tT?t t t e t wt?fc?? w?i vii?t tc? ftewet? w e < t 'TOfft Cahen-a? tflctfutf, JA, 1955 <3 c t t f t e t ? t ^ tttf
?iwj R t t ftt? tt?f?R{ t>ft?iiM I b-ofe flwfte WtW-WtfTI ?^r? Rtrjer a t wtrsfti? t f t w t t s t i atwtc? f ? ? t f wrr?
wtftt ?Wt ftt? ?J< C5tl? t t f W i R ?se?t I V i i / i S o S . RlCt (iff) Bar Hebraeus, Syriac Eccleciastical
wiT?f^?tftfiSt wtR-Rtftr' f t t t e W f t f ? cRwt f f C f ? Rtcw chronicle-a? t t f t f t (Lamy & Abbloos-a? R t ^ t ) i
R i t f e t ? ttft Witt ftf? 9ms t r t tse?? i a t w e t t w t f f f t wftfc?? t ? ? f t f f r e t ? w t r 5. ( i f e ) ^mps cttcf? f w i f
?set? c t t t f t t f?ttff r ? a?t t f w t fttt? Rtfca? a f ? ^ , t f t . W f . Behnsch (Bratislava i v o v ^.) ( i i )
rt?<5ttfRw ttestj? tttttfff tes I Thomas de IVIedzroph, w t f t wtfff?, t f f . Wf. Neve;
sfftit 8 f i R t f r rtee? ttat/aftfft t w t f ? ctet? f t f wl? 5. ( i v ) t f t f f t w f t - f r t f , f - s r ? ^3 Rg?W ( i f e ) Wff
rtcw f ft??t t?t/tt3tt t ^ t f ? t t t t f t w t t ? ftct? f f ? f w r r f , ffwt?-t t f r ? r f f f t r t , t t s t t t w t f ? etc??
f?f&^tiei5j?ttttat t l f r t ifftt aic?rffttwTf?isRT5. (i) f f c f ? ?5Rf ( f f t t t t f f f f c f t t , f f r ? r f ? îifcfifHf
CL. Cahan, Syrie du Nord a T'epoque des t?W); (Ao) F f f t t w f f ? srt? t w c? t f t tfttftff
Croisades-a? fttff, tjff?t iS8o f, ftettw ttgfttfw RCEA-acw Rtiftw r t t t e ? f r t ? t m t ? wictibti
tfftft? wtttt Wftttf 8 a f t t t t w t f ? wtt (A) ffttff-ft Sauvaget, A. Gabriel, Voyage archeologique en
t?ft-wtft, wietcff? tfwriR, t f f . Rff ttrrt, i t . , ife %, Turquie Orientale-a, ifeSo 'f&fCR? Rttrt w w ^ f T
rt., ifeffS ot.; (o) ft?w t t ^ - w t f , ft?wfft-rRt? I .iflt Attic? I WH-s 5; (Ai) Sauvaget, la tombe del'
WTtet? ttwrfet? wst att-s tttffw r ? r t a??, ?ir?t?e?? Ortokide balak (in Ars Islamica, i f e o v <{.) i (AA)
ttr?f? t ? f t - f f 1??f?-a? ftftfta, De Geoje,
w?j g. ( 8 ) ftfttf? R t f f , f f r ? f f c ? ? tff Alt, ifes 1 I fifttttrfw t ^
La fin des Karmates, JA, iVfeff % i r t t t w f f ? w?J 5. g. ( A ) AGabriel-a? f tc? ftfffw f f i (AS) fftwr ^s wfi?f
(ff) R f t e f t t t f , Michal the Syrian, Syriac ffcsi? W?T5. (Aff) J. T. Reinaud, Monument Blacas,
chronicle, t f t . "S Wf. Chabot, o t . iflt tfCt? C5e? At., So (Afe) P. Casnova, Inventaire de la
a f fsff t f w r f t ttr ftr? rfc? ? f 5 w rt?iiflt a?t t t r a t t collection Princesse Ismail, i v f e f e i fgt? w?r a.
ftrttt; (fe) t?ft-wit5tff w i R - f t f ? f , tt?jtftf?ft-a? t t w r t (ttfw rtRfftt? ? ^ f 5 t t ^ tfffct^ f r ? w?ft t f c t s
(wtfftfw) 1 fttt? ttfw? tfs^tftf t t t t t r e r a tttfRt^tt? wtr t t t ? tttttt? R T ? ffet tt) 1 ( A l ) f t t t t^XlfCt? f f t e t ?
g. CL. Cahen, Diyar Bakr au temps des premiers ftttftt (Catalogues) (AV) S. Lane Poole-a? t ? ^
Urtukids, JA, ifeoff i c t t w t ? w t a ^ t ? f e f aetttt The Coins of the Uryukis, in Marsden
t w t f ? w?T 5. tiff; t f f r t R f t t t f 8 (1) t t f t - w t f t , rrt? Numismatic Chronicle, 1875; (Afe) B. Butak-a?
f c ^ t tewffcf f T r t r e ? ; ( v ) t t f t - w t f t , wiR-fttfR; (fe) Resimli Turk paralarl, t w t l f ifesi-ffo % i ^flt fftet?
t t ? ?rftfR ( W t T f t - f t WM-tf?Tft f ^ Rffttf bltC^Cf, i t . , ft? Wtffff ?Tftf, wtb Rsfw^ t t e ^ wtr g. f f f t f ? t f t
t f f f f w w t e t f w t f g r ifeffo <{.); ( i o ) w t t - w t r f , w t f t ttffff f f r ? f f ? (oo) Cfttff-a? Artuk-oguUari, in
Oriens, 1951 %, iffi; (ii) t t f t - f t t f ? t f T t , w f t t f , lA-CW tffffw; ( O i ) fftffw Diyar Bakr f f f f f t t t t fCf
ftettw w?t r r wtt-wtftt? tffrtcR? Rtet R ^ J W ftfffw, f r f R f w N w f f t r ? f t f t e t t w f ? w?T t e r w f ? i
(Wtflffw) [ f r ? tflCtlbHN WtT5. CL. Cahen, Djazira f f f f c a ? w r t i f f (A) Premiere Penitratlon turque
anxiiie. s., REI 1934 f ) ; ^flt RfR fiRtfr ^sittf wftt? en Asie- Mineure f t c r f % f f w ; ( o o ) CL. Cahen,
ftifftfi I a w r f w f f ? f c ^ (ir) t f ? tff, ttt^ rttr, A. S. Syriedu Nird. i^CtCfe<l f f i t f c r ? t f f r t e t ? WtT 5.; (o8)
Erzi-a? RtStt, w t t f t r ifefffe %, f f R t ^ t , R f t . T. Runciman ( o f f ) Grousset; (ofe) Van Berehem-a?
Houtsma, Recueil de Textes relatifa al, historic ftffft wwtw te?rr5ff? tftetn>?i? w?r8 Abh. G. w.
des seljoucides, ot., Wtftt Wf. H.W. Duda, f ? r f Gottingen, i V f e H ( O H ) Amlda, Strzygovirsks,
Wftt? 8 (io) Gregory Abul Fauadj bar Hebraeus, ifeio Rflt Wtttt; ( O V ) H. Derenbourg, Ousama
Chronography. Rft. Wf. Budge; CtT^ CtTsfCtt^ b. Mounkldh, i f . , i V V f e '^.; ( o f e ) fttfffCt? o . , L i S j j . : i l
wttfct? ttR? f f e t ? WtT 5. tftw wtjtff? W t t t f t r r tftff _ H I J >l > S J J j--?- i^d^ %, t f t t f ? W?T 5. CL.
t t t t ? <3 wtuffict? fff^ tfwrft atcf ^ w t r f t r c ? i (is) Cahen Contribution al' Historic du diyar
ttttf ft'fWf
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Bakran XTV Sides, in J.A, iSsffff f.; (80) ntfrnn nm ntnfSeai Ardecan nAsttn Segf m-am rnn i monten fAsft
wtn-ttwmnmif S. Nau--as smf Rev. Or. Chret. iSsffo -ansft cwm ( f f f ) mm 1 -at cwnrn eft sjtn nftmcA -ant
ffe^stmPtwi cm^tmt io,8-oo wn (iss-so f . ) , nTn*^ W A R nfsw
CL. Cahen (E.L^ -a nt. nt. t-V-a. c^. >an. Wtnft -sntfi ^fntffnrt. At., s-sb.-an n<Rtfnten, cwAnR iss-o-s f. 1
^MCM (5. ttn^5nt) wnntmm f f f cmns cwtentmfn nwtnnff 1 -at wrsenn cntewt
nfwn fwRnfaffnst^ 'Zwfe wm sjfn^ 1 -awten -atmnmn na
^sriw (5. tnlwntn)
-a mfnm R n tf?nn sjfnw fln, f f ? nwmen tm "sn5^%
'srtM' J I) s ^ 1 frntnns n t c f 5. f n t f n - fffSftCfl
wtmf I fin ntapt wttrnn wm g. t w t , ^ T f w t , ntlnnt, sr?fif 8 ( i ) f f wmsnm fnAfnt, fftwmntA, cwsnR
ntntw, ntnn, ntAfn, nt^nr^, nt-antw, RntAi, fssiwTwt, itsffo f, f. inns; ( A ) cwmesn sisiiisi, ^mtffm-t Rsttf-t
f f mtnt, ffss, cntfsnm, Rnm t n n , -ontssms, Inwiniw 1 tsR, c-oAsi^ isssff f., () tSemfn fntfcns nntcn wm
(E.L2)/fAtmn t n t f f n f . A. Gabriel. Die Erforschung Persiens, fwcnm
i S x f A f., f. ffb (Von poser), f. ibb (Buhse), f. -aoS
"t^ntf ntfttwi nnnt m wtrmnnnai RRcnn Rn (Baler); (8) Stahl, Peterman's Geogr. Mitteil.
'wTnn-AJnftnc'm (wmfAtnft) 1 -at (2ffn w t m f w n ntnjtfnss Supplement i i b - a (iS.fl-b f.) AS> 1
cmn fnmn wm 'wtnn'-Atn# ntft, mfnnm w t f f mfnnm wnn-aft wtnmnnn w n stenenn -so-itoSsnw^s.en
<piR)R mm f f n Rmtn tnnan w t ^ w 1 stentwfn cmmmnfCAS -a ffi-(ts f^ ijtftitm (ftnb) wnflf 1 tm W t ^ cfteatn
stmn Rn mRn nntm, ^1nfn n ^ .ant m f w t n^t^ -assft c ^ I
m m f R f ntmn 1 stmn Sfcnn nc^ mfnnrf -iit n w R. N. Frye (E.I.2) /J^^ ntAfff SAmn f-/m
wtcmmmg RciMl m1ncn mt f^wn csntfcnR tAtcnn stR ^ ^ ^ t l ^ M ( J ^ i j j i ) 8 ( f f -aei#n> 1 fnwmtsntnwtenn
sfcnn stfFsnnfA fntfnm nsfnewn (-at f t w n cwnfwt-t -ansft cwm -a nAs 1 nAsftn wn?tn 8 b - i < fngtfnm (ffns)
wt-sntn ^3 m f ntcn mnfsw flenn) I -ant -5b- i f f Ssn w^ten 1 wmfn stew nw^ m:n tms f s f
st?t#f 8 (J>) WtAntn mfR", tHicri iz inci asirda A i o R. R -ast fnfB? cntfwenw fm 80 R. fn. fc^ w f f w 1
Istanbul Hayati ^t|n iS>'ao f.), 1. Aon. (A) I. H. nAsftn t ^ nfgftf stew s f f o o f t -ant FF* mm cnftw
Uzuncarsili Osmainll Devletinin Saray teskllati -aft f s t w ntnwfnn Sfn wnf?w 1 -at tAsft cnt stntnfnss
(wtnmm ii8ff f.), f. 8in, 8is> 1 cwnrn (ntsfsR) ?nwntf cnt cwntft mnft wnm (^^. ~ ) ntm
G. L. Lewis (E.L^)/fAimn tntffn ff^; siwmf wnan mfn, wtnwtst ^ mnf I
^ff?iwtnsH ( j i ^ j j i ) 8 (^m mnm--anenfn) tmenn -aft nssfts bfmte^ wR nnm ntm^ f^ Rntm-t -ant bimsicns
nAa I tAt -oA-ib Ssn w^ten -a j-s-ffo f f gttnnm (^ttns) wm mfnens nm^t wwjtnmfn 1 nssftn srm AO mtn ff%en
n^flnn fp^t?f mtn ^c^nrnnrnfm^nm ntm me^wnflf 1 ni-si-nt-t (Savaian) fnw wsRw mm wtnn cfemfnssfenn
tmn Ssn fnens wtnsm cwm (iHf) -a nf^n fnens nrnff wnf|w 1 tnss5 n m w (îU^) nten fRbw -ant iff,nb8 f t S^ -iit
n ^ f # stew SAm t ^ -5,Ab-o f t I t e n f Artakaria ntn ffiws f n c n f mm nennt fntnfw me^ 1 nsn ntwntf
mm cn nAsltn ^m Sean fnmcm (Tomaschek, Pauly- wspcnn wnntf fwsnen wR f w n (fw ntfn^ wtnntm ftmtew
Wissowa--a fnn^ s.), Sm mm -at m^fte? f f n AtstcA ffm, fne^) -anttAîtc<t> fwstmn -amw j . ^ ) w ^ wt
tAt nc-ncAS mtmn 1 (mm -at tAcn cmn sttftn ?ntnenenn "AS I wnm wnn fwnfS wnane^ Sn? wnsenn {J . - ^ JS)
ntê. mm nm m i t f n m^s^tn (mm. Kramers, f. A^-S) ws^^ntcf Rmsm nsm AS i nnntf n f n -ansft Smtf ntfnff m
n?F^^nn sttc wum R<pct wtntnmn ntn^ cn nAsltn ^m Sc^ st(t*f (wnm mn) n f nsesn nf^mtcnn nem fnm smtft
ffmcAn, tmens wtnnrmn ntnm nfnm n-am rnn 1 nn/i-sn stewcA I nAftn nf^^t? -amw nsRnn Sns ^3^^ fftirnn mm
nmfco wmn -anslt f f m n m A fffenn fcntAnt^tnftw cmn tfÂtenn nsn^cst m ^ f ness wt^n fsntcf 1
Scan m-am mn m (f. 'wmfn-^fmn wi?rtf, wtfn-t ntnn, ntnn n^fts menn n^fw Se,fR wfnfw 1 wen Minorsky,
iJs-sS) f., do) I cntm nAsttn mtwntm mRcnn -aft j.A-cw,ntAin ( i i s - s o ) , f.-5jb,MFGwttcnnStemf^m
wtfnm-a cmn ftme^n 1 wmnn n w t ^ ?Rt fness ^cm-fn f n f f s ^f%nfAcmt(^ -ansfS w f S'nmm? ^wn 1 wmnftfn--an
t n m f fffiesnn
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WtftH/a?Wt
rt?tf?t I t r o a f i t fff t w t f c t WtffW t l f e f l e t w wi?ftift

Cftt t t w f fctt t w t w>sr tm I w t ' w f Wtft w?5%raict [g.l-cw ?fww wic? 1 c?etift?t-a? t t t f i e t cw?te?t ft?w?
fW? t w w f ; WHjftCf ^-fiit-'WWt tWCf (Gardanne) tf?1tef f?fww fftf f f - s n f ? ffsftt f c t t a?t
w ? w f t t f c i f c f t ffttte? I w e t f t w w t w t w ajtct 'wiit f?w aftc? f t f ttro f f t f l w f e ? t i
W?WCw (Ghevond) t t t t f C^ WtWCt WCtt f c i t c? t f t t f e r f ? t t t f a t fr? Wftff f c t t a t t t r o
ctffc t i t I ftwtl>sf "3 Wfw-a? tcw a t 'Mt w t l f t M w f c f t?fw ?fr f f t w c ? ? f w e t ? t c t t ?ftwe?? Pietro
f t i t (8(M-8V8 f ) fWf fftftw ttiftt I woat tncf Wtit della Valle (ifeife %), Adam Olearlus (ifeoH
f?it W wwt flttit wct Wftftvs f t i ^ I f T f f f wint f ^ f t ? a f f t t f s a WttBatr), J.B. Tavemoer. CornlUe
f t W f t - f ' f t f c f w t w t r o fftfwt?ict w t t afwt t^ Le Brun (iHoo -f.) James Morier (ivri %) i ft?f
'j^ftctt w r o f c f t ffttte?? I t i f ? wro t t t i t fffftca?'ft? wffwtf a t t c f t tc5f t r i c w
wwf's t?w?-ft fwtjn fct? ^pttfcr (wtittifsftt?) n ?fww ff?i f f t f t t f ^ ivrt ''jfcR? t ? ?^tt c t f f t i t w c f
"wiww'titww ftr wT?tiftcf fteff fc?ftwWIW ftftw t t , t t ? i tit I
we? wH-?TWff? tc 'wmtt f w f wtittiywH ftwct? Morier (Second JouFney) f t ^ Wfttct f r e ? ?
ttc? t n w?fro-a? wt?TtitfttI afft "s^ft? wtjct W5?ft? w t t t t t t f?t 8 rtwtt; ?wwe? t r o w t t t t t t w f W f t f ro
wftrw? f r t ?s?i r? a?t t f f t ' w f (W)-? wttttct f r o rtwl? I a t a w f i ? i&ffrtfff w t t t f C T f tetr t f t r e ? fi?t
ftfw twfg Wt-Wf'Wl? wi?tlftef f r o fiwttfew. tfttw t i f - a ? t w f f e f t , w t f w t - t W f W (iob-r % ffffw) a?t
fCt? I t t f f t l t f ftiWflwftet t w tstw wftft^wic? wwttf w B i w f t r t c w fe ft. ft. ^ w f f w fttf f w t r t t ( f t t t
ftt w I f t R ? f w f iir/io wet f t r o t t trt wftw? fc? i t i f - ? ffw?)-a? t t t f f e f t t I
www t?w wiw?w?wlt-a? ftf? wwttf f r ?ftti fi?t fftff g (i) P. Schwarz, Iran im Mittelalter 8
Wtlwfftew ctft ro, a t aWfl? fwcf? Cfcg fttâ WWW (ifeoff %), % iorfe-8H, t r o f t f f f t ? ttwf f r w t f c r a
ftrf, wl? ftt'sfttwi?tlft I f f c f t w f W t f W r t t i c ? ; (r) F . Saare, Ardabil
wi?tift csfw ttttf (g.)-*^ ftcgtr w?i wfttw r? i 'ff? Grabmoschee des Schech Safi, Denkmaler
t f t fwcf? fi?e? ftcf w i t w f t ftt w f t w f fw^ct? Persischer Kunst, Tell 11, W f ^ ifeAff %; () J. A.
awWfs; wpct? wwfw a?t t t f awwft ftf? fttftef? Pope, Chinese Porcelains from the Ardabil
w ? t ^ w i w i r c t t t c f t f t fwcf? ft?es? ftcf f f f e t ? Shrine, 'SWffttt, ft. f t . ifefffe ( 8 ) Le Strange,
w a w t rot wtrsrfwc? wftfw r ? i w t w f t wwsftsw Lands, % ifeV; (ff) r t W T , W?rPf-t ^fttllfW-ft t T O , St.,
ft?rittfcr? f t t www ftet rvfe/b-ii>i> wet I c w r r o ifeffr %, % ii-io; (fe) ffr^pt, f t t w w w r , cw^ro
feii/iAro wet c w ^ t t wt?wft f r ? Rtt fc? a?t ifeffo <{., f . iAfeo-r; ( t ) rrrwft t r o ( t t ? w t f s a f f w t t
t f f f e ? sflst fc? I t t f t f fet? f f t t w r'cw tfw trt t r o f ? t a f t t t , c w r r o ifeffr % io-ir ( t r e w f r ? f t f a f f t
Wf rtfitw cfct I f t t t f t f t f t f t f f f i f fwcf? ctt c?tttM t t e r w t f T r t r e ? ) i
R.N. Frye (E.L2)/ frtWt tttff?
ffte? W?wftef f r o f f wifw? f t cfcg tfttw fc?t i
i8s>fe' f r o ?sef? f'fitfft t t w t t f w t - a f r o ftftt? ^smjTTm Cf.fitt)
?tew wi?wfet f w t t f f fctt- a?t w r o ftft t t w f ??ef? *lMfl*1/*f|innT^ (Erdel, J j j l ) s a?fR w f W
cttfttw? fc?? I t r o w w t tett ftft wttft-a ftrtiet a?etftltwit, W t e t f f WlW? Erdely (erdo elvewttet?
wftft^wt I te?) r t c w ffW; fttf? W W ? Ardeal; W t f R W W ?
w t w f R afit w w f ttfter ffttw r? a?t f t r ' w t r t Slebenburgen; Wtftt W t Terra Ultasilvas 'S t t t f
fteftwte? f t t f t i f - ? ttftw's tttfticf tit f t r o f t r o rot f t e t Transsilvania, W t e t f ? Wet? W f W t w f t i
t f f i fc??; trtet? tctt ftt f t ctf? f ,tia's ttftir i w w f Transylvania f c t f WW t t W ? f W ? f t l f T O tf%t w t t
fittwct? cttwcf t t f i t w w e t ? WW f?ttfet? wftfte? t f i w I f f f i t t f c t Erdel-a? W t t f f t t 'fttltl-t
ftf wft!? f i r tpro trt wftfi? Wft a?t i tvsfe f ftfSf f W f W f e w f t ? f t t t f e ? Engurus-Ct? ftwetw ( w f t i
f f t t wtffcw f r o ftrtict WwTiftetf r? i f ? t i f wftfi? W t e t f ? l f ? ffwe?w)-a? ?lwi Yanosh-a? f f c??l?lftfew
t t w w f ? at t t f a f c t c f ? f f t wttttn? afft Tsrf^t fW wwjffm t f R f t C S f I l i t ?f?m ?W AtvtC?, Yanosh f f c t t
ttwf ff^Cflt
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Contents
mm\^/mm
Erde\-m mm ( f . - s F l f f f CS, -spffwr, w^t, ntt^' Yanku Hunyades (in Hung, hunyadijanos)
t m o T i n iA^ff f t . , n t . , A n e ) I t w fw^ m wft. n t n f m m t w n f "fstenn w t n f f l e n n fnnêw affwcmn f g w n
Erdelistan t w i f te?f 5r?ffes nm nm (nttnf, i t . , ^ I R f n f f e n n nftw V8i/i8-sn ncn Semendere-.a,
Loc, var;, Ewliya Celebi, fnntmsntntA, i t . , i V i , f n W T V8ff/ i 8 8 i ncn cnmssfevsn nf^êU f e w w n f f A n -ant
f f f nttf, nfwit?s[n t f f s , ^ n . , n^) i cftmfnts cs^wcs tr8to/i88A nen wtmennens tntfww -ant f f cnmtfw m f n
mm-m ffntnf fntnc^ cntnnm (Moldavia), nf^n -a^Fnt^ cncns ^ nnrnn i ^ t m n Vlad Dracul-ian n n t n m w nsfnm
(Waliachia), nf^n-nf%CT ntnfw [nft, mm Ate tm 'cntA -anst m w Hunyadl n w - f n (Rumeli)-n Beylerbeyi
fSns' '(?iffn (cwfm t^Ttfn) t n f t mm f t f ^ ^ m f^fntcA] >ant ttfnn f t A t f f n ttmens -sntitfSmew t m w w w n i -atmen
Sscs m s n l w i n (Marmarosh) s f w t i S ^ f f n t m mm n n w - - a n nnsn t c n r t t nnen fwfn fAt w n -ant t m
nfmmftw w m m n m^ w n m f t m ntAfe^ f f n fn^ Varna--an ^?t f ^ tn wmtA ntetn i An f A n ^ - - a n
Carpathian Transylvanian Alps cntn n # m wtmm fnnm ^ w t a p n t n^ A S i nm b-ns./i8n8 nen ^nrnfm
nTftmrA, mm miinffg n m s n wtsn Ate Erchegyseg f5 Mattias-ian fnnnsi wtaimt tfnmfnw s t n t f l f ; w8/i8 n!
(Rom. Munti Apuseni) flAi^nsÂ mm f n f ^ I w n t J f f f nten f f f n m w tnemn m ntftff wtnmn--a atcnt w , f f f
tln-iiitM wtnmn m n t t ^ cwttmfnns ftmtmm W R I R fnm tntflfw Af; vs>v/i8s.-o nfen w - a -ans wtapnt An i w w s t n f f
m^^fif {?TtmiA in f f f ^ i wi<nlnc4 f f n f t wten f f s ^ wtapnt m n R w t e n f f s t t w nnen wtnmn--an m t e t f m -a
mm mn wtnmn n n w n wtsn (ntm mtctff n n w n stc wftn? -ant^tfts f n ^ f n fnegtA w (s.Ao/iffi8), f^ wmfntt
S ^ wjt; nft -a t m n S m t f f s f n w t m w t f t m c n t r n n t t n (Feudal Lords) t m nnn W ; Wtnntenn voyvoda, John
f w t afntft); fnfn^ Sekel-cnn cmn mt rn^ms nf^n Zapolyai (Supolyayi Yanosh' in Pecewi. i, 108)
Carpathian-cnn wtsn i -atRegtAnncmt c^caf -ans ? F f f < ^sfnnn t m n w n -ant f f n
w n t n - i f f n n f t * t^mff ^ f c n s aftn m t f nc& i r n / i s t Mohacz f C ^ t n iffAto nfen fnwe^ Istolni Belgrad
mmffn n m n f w n i ntos./ioton men Denes (Dennis), fnfn (f.)--a Ate^ffs ntwi n f n m cnmm nsenn ( H u n g .
Vidin-'^n Voyvoda (prince) Anm t n Wtantcnn ban Szekesfeherevar, Gen. Stuhl weissenburg), f f f
(Lord) AtsifAcnn, f f n i n fntenn ntAtem fnenftnenn nft f ^ W^nrn Archduke Ferdinand-ian mtcnc^n catfws
menn i ww.in, mtenflscns w m wtnmenn fnêw aftn f f Zopolyai cfimw w f i f c t t m n n w n -ant tifen f w camn
wRntennnnn 'wtf'tns' mm ntntA (ed. Giese, 60) 793/1391 nsfnm fnwtenn ntrnm aftfm w n i f f wtfntwi mfnm n t m n
n n f?n w n i f n w i n f A i W - . a n wtncn vA/i8too nten cn nnen f m n atrsfm n ^ mm An, Zopolyai Renm w f w n t n w n
fA'^ Atnm nsnftw Atsifln t m f l n fngnc^ncA Vidin-îin f n r ^ t f f f e n n atfw w i f t e w t t t sfAt w n c m f t f n cn. At.,
n f e n n nm i t n n f n w ifr?Fms5->fln vojrvoda mm t,mft ffno; *wtft, f n ^ - w t t n m , t s t i n R f n m t n n m t g f f , n t t n
?tm Danube-.fln ffnt Bey^tms (Brashov) tAslft n t n ffJjffJ/^, i t . , f . Afe) I f A t w m m , Sanjak-be3ri of
w n -ant tme^ w f f o w n i vA!s>/i8Ato t r s t o / i s o A men Silistre {Silistrla) Vlad (-aipnl^--an voyvoda--an
w m f t f t wtapnt An I emmt^ wtapntft Atstfln Evrenos- nAcntf^ffn) j^vs-b/iff-ao nen g t t w n t n w n -ant t m
zade *wtf cn-iim cnwcf -ffjpntns-tim cnn nAentf^tw f f Zapolyai--an f n f t Atn ^ e n n ; f f n Stephen
-^fwAtfn^tt f f cn (An f n m nswf caffnw)-im w -ifft Bathory-CSs wtnmen? Voyvoda f n f ^ w n i
wtsFnetn tegt f f m c m , ntm V8i/i8v5n--a ntnftw A t m f i n wramen f f wtftfwmnn ( s - s i r / i M i ^ste iiio/i-jjjjs.
( w t f ^ ' ttm ntntA, ^, f . i i o , c m # , wTntftf w m - t ff)s f m n f f m mat R f f n n f e ^ i f f S o f . Zapolyai
n t f n f i f n w t e ^ , m1f^, nttit Aff i , i n n ) i t n n f m w f n w - - a n fnnst î.w -at nesf mw w n , f A m f f m t n
f n w ^ t aftnntenn n w .ppm^-.im cn Vlad Dracul-cts John Sigismund (Pecewi, 'Simon Yanosh' -a
nc5f n t m wtnnm w w t afcnt w n lamt Sibin mi wsjnn An Yanosh Jigmon, i t . , A A V -a 8v58 f t . ; f f f w m f f
( m f f n , i t . , O A i ) I -at wf%nten ntAtm n f At^tflt w^jjem t,mfCA WfAtens m m n t w istefan n m AtsicA) w t w
-ansistn Saxon n f t ^ n t f f fff^ftfw n t t k n n - i i f t fswsfss tsntfimnft Atenn, wen latnten nsn (ttntw) ajmenn t e ^ i
nfnt ntf%t f^tntCfn (Cronica Abconterfayung der Budin w f i n t n w n ^sprmnm The Magnlfiicent-cns ntnnsft
Turkei...Augsburg ( i f t i f . ) i W W s t n 'eilltilfbilU Cflw cntm ^ I f w R f m e ^ wmmn (nmcn-s-<an - a f t Sanjak
t n t t f l Rtiesnn
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WnM/'am?FJ
fitnR mm mt mm -oiAic* l i f t mrsr? mTtm? w n Karlsburg) John Sigismund iffff^ stew i(?ni f. tS
(f. "wtf, f n ^ - w t n n t n , % Ann) i ^ s W i f f S i mm ^ m a i Wtnnm Atesfffs Ssn wtaenn cwnrnfeAs S t s - a s n f
vsff n r s w a n t w a t n t w Rfiiics f i ^ l w s Fapspurg-cns nft aprntw atfweniffm fct nrstf w n i
nAis-oi m 'gRn w^fas U n i nnrnn nRntn attw nt A t w 'fgt nfn'fl f f n iff-bs f.--an Satmar ffs; w f n t f ngtt
(ducats) fn^tfnw as ntAt 5rvs/ionff -a ioio/itooi nenn Ferdinand-CSS sjesffn ntwt ftnten f t f f w mn w n , w m f t
n n j n t f n n n f H ; nsfnnt t W A t w t e n S l t w w t An... i w n t n - t a n f n ! f n t t % n w m t t e ^ n t t i John fmrnens t n f s ntmm attlm
rnnns (Prince) ? i % r nrn^tn^ msr (Diet) n s ^ n e m f w j>fsc-o ttesm ( f . Pecewi, it., 8 i A ) -ant wnten
A t o s n -ant f n W tAtn w f e n t n n ^ n w t e ^ - a f t ntf) Ferdinand 1560 f . Szigetvar wRsm tfnmnm nsenn i
n a t ' f n w w^, - a f t n w n , -ff^ntm wnntfn -3 n m n f s ^ cntntns Fohn--as ttnntnen Sekel-cnn f f g t A m t i ifftoA f.
carsn nsfnewn ( w n f n - - a n tmns, -a'JFnr^ -a cmnmm--an WtAtenn-^fwAttwfnwnfA Ant nsm AS-ant i<Jto8 -a i(?ni f.
voyvodas--an nenr n n m m wstffnwnn wn g. Diet--an f n ^ w f s t f f wtnmenn s f n n A n f m m cmffs as i
mwtt^-Sf-^5rt, i t . , i n ) I f n w m (Porte) nsfn-s c w f m s Ssntfnnnf Stephen Bathroy (iffni-iffn-b f . ) w f f n
nentnnn ntfwn fftnt c w ttnnsc^ nnnt ssfsc-s-t... 1 f n w n t m s s f n -a f f t e n n nesj c w a j w m ntf^ mnntm n w njn?t
nnn@ ffw fnwtenn t w n f l w n f w f f ^ 1 wen ww]fn nnrnn i mms fwfn -afne^ naf& tviaximiian-css Atesffs
fnnen fAtenn m f n w t f|n 1 fnwfcnn nnnten fAtenn atffnfnf ntwt n f n m " f t w nsenn -ant -atmen i^ni f .--as Speyer--an
atnn fne^ fnetn f s n e n n ntnien atnn ? t f a t f f n R fwifnns ffn f m s ntnes t R t w -sn, wtnfness fnwtnc^-a
(Kapukakhyasi= Kedkhudasi { W m n n W n c w fnnfnw w atmn nsfnew t t e w i ics-b f. fmrnn -a atmn n i f
Kapitiha) 967/1560 nen R f 5 An i -at atffnf^ W n t e n n f f f f f A t m n tttm ajcsSm Stephen cttmtcsn ntwt fnffSw An
cn -a ?ffn fwnft f w (Attenf, w r ^ -a Sekals)--an (a. WtAnm t t m m f s s - , f f f t f A i m n ttm. veiehistan
a t f f n f s f f n e s n (Wallachian -cnn mttnnw n m w f w Intlkhabati in T O E t V I , n i n w , f. bbS f . ) i ifftri f.
nsnt AS), I f A t n ntn?in ^ t f c n n ntntw n A ^ cnt mse^ f l n ntAt t w Wtsntn ttfnw AS f A m mwt Chrltopher Bathory
nwntcn Macarlar Yokusu ("Hungarians' Rise") nten sswf, ten i-boA f. t w (nfn-a fnnfw n A W n ) f m s ff
nRfsw -ant S m cmnmn -a -awim--an atffnfnenn ntnttens Sigismund Bathory ns^ns i f f f Ctent^ tmns f f
fn^wnf^wfln i n n w s n atfw w t f t e w mttten fnmit <5tm m?sn I ffn icjs-o
John Sigismund n t n waff^nn? w t n Diet f . Holy Leargue--a cwmm w n -ant iff^8 f. n t n ffn
w n f ^ t f f n nrsfatffnfssicn Creation ssrtnfnns nfntstns csnwt fnnm m w w f e n f f cnmntftfew cmtmenn w
George Martinuzziutyeszenicz (Utesenic) [Wtf, f . cntiteflenn w t n f f nnfn nenn atmnenncss Art w n i
Ab-n, "Brata" wft^ wit)-css fnfss w n i fwR w n t r iffffi f . f f n cmtmn ^ -ansnt^--an Voyvoda-cnncss-a f f e n n f n n ^
wrsntness Hapsburgs (wf^mn ttnnsf^)--an fnnst Atn afentfsw w n -ant ioo-s/ f . wtmens fm^tA nnenn wm
nsenn i w t s t n - f n n ( w i f ) Beylerbeyi f A t m n mtt f j f f cstfnw f f f cnntmness tntfww mm i tnn^ n,nn
wtsnten - a f t In^tm-^ catnt w m Cwtf, Avn) i Mezokeresztes--an f c ^ ntgrstjntf t t ^ tntwesn t n ffn
tVIartinuzzi f f e n n nft nf% f t t n nsesn, f f ? iffffA f. f n f^rwm-faj Cardinal Andreas Bathory--an S f n
w f t n csmtcsn Castaldo ^^wss wtatn -a fnft An i f f f n t m n w n j s s R m wtnmn wjm nscsn i -at Cadinai c t t m e ^
- a ^ 'Snmnt nnm wtAnm t t w cnwf Banat-'an fness camt nnnten atfwttRw AtsiflcîH -ant cnt snnett f f nnif flenn i
w t AS fnfn Temesvar CTlmlsoura) n t n nsesn i f f f ctent^ m f ^ -an^mns-ian fmgtft Voyvoda f n t t t n
Castaldo i f f e f. Wtnnm.'stc atwjtnwn nsesn -ast (Michael) nswss tntRtw An i fntttn-a ten wffsenn Ate
f f f ^ f ^ >at - a n r w Voyvodas w f f m n t t n ^ f m n fnAw ^ I w w s t n w f m t t cntfS ntn nsfnm nn -ant wrsmenn
(Hapsburgs) t ^ ^te m w t t n n nsfnew t t e w cn t % m S t n Sigismund Bathory-n f n m n Rw t m n w n e n n
}>(t(tb f. Diet m f n t m tntesm John Sigismund-C^ t n e ^ t nmt^ f n m cnn i i-bo-o f. w t n ^ Sekei cnwf
w t f f m m ^ I tAtm cmm êw w t t n n f n m wtnntenn Szekely Mozes f f e n n nAcmffmn -it|1sensc4 ffmf?w
Belgrade--a nrsmtf a t f f l w mm (Erdel Belgradi, nsffrnn .a^ Rnsn atcstt m w i wfnwn ntnsm mw nsenn wm
R u m . Alba J u l i a , Hung. C 5 a i l a f e h e r v a r , Crer. -ams w m f n w r f n (Stephen Bockay fnR tmnn fnm
tnntf Rscmn
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mm/mm
tevabiine dalr yeni vesikalar, in Belleten, v/20,

fWf # P WfTtft Rudolf W T T W wmWl?RI W f f 1941) I f f t w C f e r ^ t j f ^ f a Jozsef-Cf W t T O f f t T O
tftiw f t f f f f W f f W f i WtTf ^JW^ f t w t f f r a WPT af W f t i f a f Iffw f f c w f f r t f c ? i f f f iie^/ i'l^fe t t e t
W ^ ? w m W f R W T ? few f l l f R ftt fftf f l f f Gabor ctwsfe? fttw ^ wirtcf? wtftt f t e t ? t f t f f f f i ^ t r o
Bathory-af W f t ( i f e o V - i o ) ftft f f t f Ittter ffTtt WW ffttWl^ftlti
tftw trtw 1 Kanije-af Beylerbeyl t t f t W ? f l W W T T W f f t f i t e r ^ w r p i i e t ? t f f r e t ? f r o f r o ftw, t t i f i f t ?
W f W f t w fftw w t f c t Gabor Bethlen-W fftlbW? WW c r r o cftft f s t t c f ? w f f f ttWt? Cftef? w l f t w j ftw? (The
Kolojvar-at Diet - W W # f W t e w t W t T t i f t W t Union of 1700), 1784 f w r f t ? f t f C f ? ffcslr, i V 8 V f
f l t t f t t fit w w T R t i t f f T e t ? ^ f f f I ftsf ifeAfe % ftwt Diet-a? fffiiw Ct, W t f t t w e ^ t f t w f f t t w ^ c t , a t t
f f f t ? wet W f t f f w w f f f f i e t WTC fftet? t T W f f w t t t # W iJAo t t e t Trianon-a? gft Wfttft f^rttfTO tft
w t a f t f w?<5fit? t t t w c f ? Cft f t f w twft f r t f?T rtttfli f r wi?fTt-a? t t f f t I ^
George Rakoczl 1 (1630-1648) f f f ftfflw T I i fffft 8 (i) A Centorio degh Hortensi,
io8fe/ifeofe % te? f f t t Gabor Bethlen-c^ w t w i ^ Commentarii della guerra di Transilvania,
fftw w t f c t W t T ? W W Stephen Bethlen-Cf wfttfw Vericel 566; (r) C. Spontone, Historia della
f f f t t ? af f t f t f t c w f f r t f C ? I George Rakoczl I-at Transilvania, Venice 1638; () Regni Hungarici
fg?lftftft ftf^ T T w f t t tpr tfft? George (ifeSV-a-H, ifeffv, Historia-a Nicolao Isthuanffio, Coloniae
ife(?fe-feo), ftft f f t t?fte?? tr? f t f c f i cftwes? W W f f t Agripplnae 1724; ( 8 ) G. Kraus, Siebenburgischc
WC5? C5f f f t w w f T T I 'St f W t f f t f t C t W t T ? f f j ? f t t t Chronok (Osterr. Akad. d. Wiss. Fontes Rerum
^ f i f i ? I afwic? w ? w t f f t ctwet? wew ^fttw w? i Austriacorum, Abh. I. Bde Ill-iv), Vienna
Kolojvar-a? c f t ttW CWf f f t c t ? T e w ? f r t w f i t 1862-4; {a) t f T . S. Szilagyi, Monumenta
w t r c t ? t c w Het? a f rcsfflt f t f ftft f f f t f f l e t t t w t comitalia regni Transylvaniae. Erdelyi
f r t f t ? w t t r f t f w t f i t f f f - f (g.) w e t fftfSftf w w f c a ? i orszaggulesi emlekek,i- xxi, Budapest 1876-98,
Koprulu W t e t W?Wet? f f? f i r ? f f t f f f ffwffw T I I (MCRT); (fe) ^ C t t f , Transylvanina et helium
ioHA-o/ifefeA 'te i i o i / i f e f e o f t w wtftt f f t c f ? tetiftw boreoorientale. Budapest 1890,1; ( f )
Michael Apafiy f W f f l f f w T I i f f t c f ? tft t t t f t w Hurmuzaki, Documente prlvitoare la istoria
fcff wlr tfsitww f t f e t w?fiwi? wt^fttet? ftftrt^ ft? I Romanilor, i-xxxii, Bucharest from 1887 with
Michael Apafiy f f c w t Hapsburg cttittftftcf WtT? Supplemente ; ( V ) A Szilady and Al. Szilagyi,
flewj f c t c f ? W f f f w w? f c t t I iioA/ifefei-a? fttilw Torokmagyarkori allamokmanytar, Budapest
Diploma Leopoldinum-a W t f t W i f Hapsurg-a? 1868-72,i-vii; (fe) Monumenta Hungariae
ftwft? Wtftc fftt f T T I , wc? f i f t ? Diet-a? ?Tt historica, . Sect.11 "Scriptores"; ( i o ) t f f .
ftws I wsgf? iiio/ifefefe tet? Carlowltz (Karlofca) ^ A.Veress,Basta Gyorgy handvezer Sevelezese es
WfWft wt^W? W f c f t t f ftfft W f C ? I i H o o >{. f f f t ? Iratai (1597-1607) [Monumenta Hungariae
Francis Rakoczl >st Wtft?! ffttff W t e t ? C5tt fc?? i historica. Diplomataria, Vols. 34/37, Budapest
fc? a f f t f t ? ffcgie?? f? fwft i ^ o s f t e t f t t f t e t t f w T I , 19131; ( i i ) t f f . ^ c t f f , Fontes rerum
f f s f i H i o f fWftfTTa?tf??fttst?3Ftef f W t t f C ? ? I Transylvanicarum, i-il,Budapest 1913; (ir)
w ^ r t t f t w f w ; i i r V i i i * te? f f t f t WtTCf ?i?T? ffttt? ctff, Documente Prlvitoare la istoria
Cbf fc?, f f f Passarowitz-a? t f r o f? w t T C f w i T O Ardealului, Moldovei si Tarii Romanesti,
Ttesfft? tT5?ffef W f r o t f t f e w T I I fe? Teklrdagh Bucharest 1929-38, i-xii; (i) R. Goos,
(Rodosto in Thrace)-a wiWeftCf ttft f f f c w CfW T ? Osterreichische staatsvertrage. Furstentum
( ? T f f f , S t . , (t, f t . , w f r ' W t w f t f , Mamalik-l- Slebenburgen, (1526-1690), Vienna 1911; ( i 8 ) G.
Othmanlyyesde Rakoczl Ve Tewzb'i, t w i f t i o o v E. Muller, Die Turkenherrschaft in
tt.; Tayyib Gokfil'gln, Rakoczl Frence II ve Slebenburgen (Sudosteioropalsches) Forschungs
ttWftfffCftt
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Contents
Institute ' Sekt. Hermannstadt, Deutsche 8 ( i ) A. Christensen, L' Empire des

Abteilung.ii), Hermannstadt 1923; ( i f f ) G. Sassanides (fWW, r t . , rs Literatures arabe et
Bascape, Le . relazioni fra I'ltallae la Persane f?w5,5. Wt?Wet? i
Transilvanianel secolo XVI, Rome 1931, Other H. Masse (E. I.2)/ctt8 t f f W r
sources have been ciited In the course of the ^smrft^r (5. f?i?i?it)
article.For further studies see Bibliography in
wlîil^lf (ji_aj_,i) 1^-f^-ft f ? e ^ aftt f r ? 1
%
IA, s.v.
8 i tr t ^ WWtlf G 8r' 8 < f t wftw? W?tf f-st'blt-a?
A.Decei and M.Tayyib Gokbilgin(E.I.2)/
fe? at fr?ft? wtftt 1 trt t f g f f rte i,b-oo fttt? f^
f r g (j>s;) fftt rtwef 1 a f tte? t w f t t t tww
^ftwrsflf ( j V j j i ) % t m t j ? flfwi-t stmct? f t ttt, (fctt)-a? wwf aftt tttwTf-a? ttwttf f i t 1 ib-tb-
ttrtt ftttwtr fftftt ftt tt I trt? t t r t w t t t w t f t t t f^tCr? tt?^fjte?t (San Stefano) ^ Wftte? at fr?fttr
ttttttiw ostti (tirftwtt) tti ( f f t i t ctftt) I cftnwftif trta f p ^ t f cww f t t t wffwcf wffw ctw r?'i iferi
ftttCtt wtt f ^ S t t (t1t%I) CTft I wet? ro c f f w f wtwr f f ^ t r fttt? cf? ct^sr r? 1 ctt
t B t t b ? at wtft Wf w?wwt-a? tft twftfe, wrtw t t ? ^ct t r f f ttaicwi? wwfi? r? a?t ft?t ffwr-a?
T^ftt t w f ttc f f t f t - a t ctf? W f wt'ct? t i t t f f wwf aftt ?rit? ttwttfe fftt r? 1 is>8ff ^. trtft?
% t ? I at?^ftf fftfte??fiff%twcf ct?ft^www? CWf tttit f i t fe,ib-r wt a?t ftw? ctft CWf tttrt f i t
tit I wc? tt?if-Wttr Wftte? WW w?tiw? fRwiH-a? 'stBcf? 8(i>,fe(( W? I
tetj ?t1 ffftwft ftft? ?if?-a? w??i%i? f^stfft ftct? i a f f f f t rtwit t l f t t (tttft cbctf), fwrtfW, 8 0 H I
WW a f t fisst (B. Ntkitine, Les vails) wtW Wt, Wl?ftWt Fr. Taeschner (E.I.^)/ CTS f f f p m
f t t t t w f ftwt wT?tiftt?-a? ??ctt^ ftct? I f t f t t t tife
^ f f f > i ^ H (j;,L:u-jjl) s Wtsftf WW? wl?ift, t f t t ?
wi^fif 1-1 titfci? t f c f fctfIt t l f r t f f f t f a f WW?
fttftt r?, at-sfti % l f W o tttfct? # ? t B f t (Storey, f. w w f t - w t t rwt? f ? f t f f t w f ^ ^ ^ ^
Ofeisi, i o o o ) I Wftft WtttrCtf? fW ^ C W H W W t t l t f f t
wtlf a f t ft?w Cff? f r a I t r ? w w t t G gtttw tftapct
ro f ^ -G ffr \i f f (^tft^) I ttifcf t r fiR a f t
?if ffttte ^^t r? I I f f ftt^s f t t f r t w f?ttftet? ft
frtcf? wtftw cttttt fftc? I fft?t^ t r ? I wttf f t t f t f f r e t ?w r?, f f t t i t t f rwt
witwf? (rrfe-sr f ) attte? a f t wfttftt? ttfSfe r?
at wt3ct? t f f t f wiffw? tttfct? tew wtWfatr w t
a?t f f f f t w wifft?wt (ffoi-sfe (.) atfte? wtifrt
flctt w?jt I f r t ? t f t t f t t "m f?ft?t t w f ? f f t Wf i
fc?? I at ftet? ftftwsf (8f/iot t w f ) tttwt tWcf f .
ffr 'wtf ttr-a? ftjTcf f r t ? f a f?wr fftwflct? i
A. Godord, wtW?-t t w t - a , ifeofe f , f . rb-ff i
W e t f f t ttr afwt ftw? ftttwcf f f f f t t - a ? Wsjfe fttte?
fte?tt fcjt? a?t ctt tCft wt?WWt ??.f?i tltt?t? wttit to? [ wi?fttwt-a? f w f c f fttfttf W'sttr-e aftt f r t
5. f f ^ , cttw C<71|?] I
t t f w t f t f - t t w f fct? wtttttt? tftrcf I f w i t flffffft
(fit c^w? wtttwt (ifeoo f ) ftt wifwftf r'looo wt I
f f f f t ( i ) B.Nikitine. Les Kurdes.fTtftt ifefffef,
tffit S ( i ) Schearz. tWt, fft., feov; ( r ) Le
f.o8-fe,ifet-ito;(r) C t f f , Les Valis d' Ardelan,
R M M - a , f . 8fe (i&rA f ) , 1- Ho--ios\ () ftrtw, Strange, f. Aob-; ( ) 'Wlf WtfT? ffr^ft, f f t-Wtlr,
ffiwwwr, CWTW? ifesv f . iisff; ( 8 ) ttWf-wwr (mm ifeffo f. ifefeA; ( 8 ) w t f t
fttrtt, i f r f f w , rt.,
W?Jlwf!Ct?WWf. Storey, f . vsfefe-fe i crrt ife f. srff; (ff) t r ? ftff?iw tre?? w w ?
R. N. Frye (E.I. 2)/cW| '^Kp^ WW f . w r r w - t t r t (p? wtf&a f f w ? t tattt?, cr?tt
ifeffr %, r? tf, i s ) I
^rt?m%f ( ^ j j i ) 8 ftftt fttf-jwtwf-ttfft, Df,
Artaxerxes fit f1?w ftWICt? f f f t ^ Wt i WCt? R N. Fiye (E.I.2)/crs f f ^
f c t f w t f??f t t t t f wwt, t w i t witwf? (rrfe-^si ?[.),
<5ft?Rh8 iBVo<l<* {^\ j j i j l ) S f f t i f f f c ?J?T
r? wtawf? (osfe-\5vo ^.) a??, o? wttwf? (ferv-ferfe'(.)
twef f f f ft??t ttwct? tffrtet frsttw? tf. ttttfft] i witrftrttitI
i I WW % CfWtfftt? (Pelasgian) ttc ff fftlW
ttwf ft^JtWtt
t.ft.Vb-ff
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Contents
tons (|<]IT>8 Ssp=
w j f f o wmrffts wmt stcwei wt?:nfH"i, l7:'^7-t<t# -a siciH<ti fnctm tmnfCAs fwnft R t t -a ttsft w<^ WTCA I cn css-m
wram mra >m:-si w t f n - a f t '4i^"t-ttem%i wwt i i s ito fnctm t n wtms t n n f n w t n m fnetne=in nttw - a f t Rm%s
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M a r i t i a . "bramble" ( f t t csttt) -Q G r o s s a "File" imt, êeAg ntmn fSj^ntW, A o r i s t , ntcmt fararmn, t^mfnns
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rrarfwff
w m i % fwtfAftcftra wrcsi cm\ mt wittifttie w--(Tt titratwte? f3?-tf%ct ttfft ^ t c t f f l e t t ? t C3ftf3

t f t f (Shkumbi) ? f f ? - t f % e t t t t f t t t t t C f t f t c f
a f t 7n;:^fff c^scgt w i t t^ftMi? wff|1%t ctftifftte? c t t f t w f c f t c f f f w f a t f t i t t t w t e t fttf^
W C T m tiTTs r t att Rff? fiRfti ssft t r t f f t f t ? ffR ffttte?!
ffWQtft A. Santori If Pi Pi? wittftf Dh. Camarda t f t f l ? tett ?ft?fe? cttftwte f f t f t f w - t i w e t f?f
( i v r i - i v v r '^.)-a? ?KI?ftft? w p t a f t Diagraphic t f f t R f a?t cttff?wte ^ - t f t t rte t i % t - f f f t c f
tHHRft iff r ? I ifeAA f^tflR? RCTO Wf?T ftte? t? f?f rolt t t t w ? i t t?tiRt I te?r^ t f f t ?tce? ct?tr?
RffrcT? f?1f ( 3 T 1ff r ? I A. Drenova (W. iVHA '^.) i?f6 cieti? (Hb-fei f t g Aofefe fftt?) I < H ! i i < j f t t t t ? f f t ?
CT?f ffftsf? ^fl? L. Poradeci {W. ib-fefe t.) ftft?%-a? t?fiji? f c t Cftft aêtt f f t , f t ? -G ? f ? ?it tt ffttte? 1
>&fn wf??t f?c ttctR, c? ctetrw w? fri? ftw? f # ( Rtefte^t? ( f t t f ) , r f c t t t t set? c f ? t wt^fftett
ftfsj f r f s a f t f f t ?]?rf? f?eR i .tsjttftrf fâtftawf? wt?ift?te w t i f ; t t j t t f f t wt^ct? t?<[f iftew a f t
tftfttftf tre?? WRTR? ' ^ f t f f ? CTtf F. Shiroka wttft a?t cft?e5? i'fte Rtftff' a t t f t i t ?fte? ftwif 1
(iirSViS.i'^- WfRtWfftii .^ftrfftlf A. Xanoni tc?t (Durazzo) t t R tR?s atte? f tei? cwit w r r w
{iVfeo-iS>i(? %), N. Mjeda {ib-fefe-ifeoH >{.), <m9\<> (Gj f f f i t f t a t R t w e ? I iiett?t? a f i t f i f g cttT5t? w e ? a t t
Fishta i b - H i - i S . 8 0 ^.), cwts-tsft v3 cRftsfft CTtf V. t r f tffg ^sjMift ct ^s ft^ft? t i t t t t f w i t t t tse? Rf?fw
Prennushi (ib-v-ft-ifeSfe ''j.) cft t^ (pit?5 E. Koliqi StJjIt tRT G CtttfW? W f f t C f ? ?J?Rf tffbN'II fC? I
(w. i f e o o ^.) I Cf5ft5' ^tHJlftl* Foqion Postoli M. ctet? t t t ? t r ? t f r rtc^c? ? f w t t f ff?t?t (ioo,ooo), cww?
Grameno (ib-HA-ifeoi 'J.), Ritjff? Kristo Floqi. (W. ( o f f o o o ) , cfttes ( A f f o , o o ) , fe?t ( i f e , o o o ) , ewe?
ib-HO %) F. Koroitga (iVHff-ifeSo f ) frfiR? it?f (Vlore) w t w JteWW ( i f f , 0 0 0 ) -e fwe?rwwt-|? w t t t
f!??n^ c?t%c? fi?ff? ?sf;??; ( R t f e ? frfe?? r t f i f e i r f w c t i f i f ? ( i r , o o o ) 1 e?ttct (b-o t i t t ) ff?i?rs[ tfr we?t,
a f t ttftw ttt Vatra a f t t f t t n Dielli ( f t ) c t f f ? ^s atttetet? t t e t t t wte?, e? w ? t f t t r ? t t s f t e t
frttwrti trwtw I
ttfw Wtftlttf R1t?Rt ( i f e o f e - i f e S o ^.) f f t t ? t f f t f c t t f t ? w t ? w s w f ^ wtaet t f e ? f f ? t f t ^ t - t f w t t t ?
(j^'Ctsef W f t t fe? I ?fTf? f f t f ? ^ R?tt? ttffff? weRttt, fttft; t f ? t f w f t t j w t f ? I t t f t t a - t ? f R few? w?etj?
(Stf t ^ , Rfft awfif ftte?? f t ? ?5?t fRtft fC? (?ft? w f ? t t t ? t t l ? f W rteC? hornbeam, turkey oak,
wft;?!? iiRe?? te?? Resf tcsf fftftwctt-s tt fttre? 1 sumach, avellan oak, holm oak, jujube Celtis 1
I fCtIR s WRttf? ( f t t f f f e t f Shqiperi) ttrte? t t t c t c t ? t f t f f t t1?tTJcr? t c w w e ? Arbutus,
^ffti5-a? Ao *3e? a f t f^-tfwt wwe?tT? wtff 1 t r t ? bush heather, W f t t ^ juniper 1 t f t e t w i ftfff ?Wt3t
Rfcttt w?? i i o f e s t f t f t t (rt-ssb- ? f ft. ft.) I t r t 'êe? Kruja-a? U'poi lV[amuras.
\[ett?ff?f, ^ ^s wlMtttf ftRtt? ?f?f tfte?ft I feofy aTftft 8 ( i ) M. Lamberlz, Albranisches lese
8o8i f w wiFitet? tetj ftf t r f ? tfetft ^ftj rot t t t t 1 buch, t t t ^ f f f ? t ( W t t i f ? W t f t t , w r f R WW? t t i
tffts fiff ctteftf ? ftft do tltt a t t f ? cfiiRttset? 1ffS W f t t t ) , w t t f t t ifeSb- %; ( A ) S. E. Mann, Albanian
t r t feo t l t t SIRS I trfsi i o ft Rtt? attff fef fe ft f t t t t ? Literature, An outline of Prose, Poetry and
attft? ftw fit, f f f tfffe? trf 8 ft aRffi? ftTe? Drama. t'SR ifeffff [.; (s) c t t f , A Short Albenian
ffw I friet? ttt cwtt tttf rttte? 1 ffttftf w w t - a ? ^ grammer, t t i f e o r f . ; ( 8 ) ^ c t t f . An EngUsh
ttt? t ^ . wtttfl rte wtt? it?t ft1t ffftset Albanian Dictionary, t>s? ifeffi (ff) S. Skendi,
teft^ f w i t f g rttrfe? 1 ffet fte? t r t HOOO f t f^ 1 Albania {Statistical, Historical. Political, etc.),
tf%et? f f 5 ^ f t f ? tetj, tirt? cttt cff?ft t ^ g t t R <5te f f f t t f t ? ifeffS % I
% , frst rtee? f t ? Myzeqeja t t ^ 1 f f t t f % r ' S. E. Mann (E.1.2)
r f t 5 R (Ochrida) ê f 1 t ^ rtRt f w - t f % t 8 I Wftflt t ifeffff f^tCR? WlttQWft W f f t f W R t t f f t H
tfwt-tf%et fifttfr* ^ c*i?ftR-a? ffte aj!%f1tf-a tif W t t t t t t iO,fe8,io ( i f e o o % t r t ? t t W t f i t i o , o O , o f e H ) I
rttte? I tt, tett, wtett, ctett-cei^-ct?f ftewiet w t t t t i f w ? wftc? c? t f t fte? W f t t t f ? w t e t f f t f t t ? trt
t t w f ff'SCflt
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wrant-s 5-of<ti wramtgs5
f:titit%irra (ij>8b- f s i c ^ f:trr;i w r s m R wgrnrs) nnsnt t m f e w timf nnsns ntn mnstnnfCAS (ntcnmf
1*0,000, f m (wifsnfnns oo,too,ooo) tifk (wifsrtRss cAsnnn) nsfwmt w t n n t f n fwmn-wfs^tffcss (g. f m n )
i(fo-Aeo,ooo) I iSfiifM w r m f n - ' a t s i t wnttilk wt^prtln^ C3!ffmt^--a ?miffo nsen I
f f ^ f n t t J l R%PT (5. Albania s. Skendi, RS ?tfnwtcn esnfnfs ntcn nRfsw csnfmtt Ate wtnw ^ nim^
issffto % f.ffo)I is>>oo fstc^wmn^mRw^ntf wmiRsmw fnsffnw mf%s n i f w wtnntRntew cmn fA. f f snfwn n w
wtm wncmlR nenj 8ff mwm m s ( v i a c h ) , ff mwm m, m-am nra m I tm m f w nftstcA ffssm f e n m f s r -amw
Ao mwm f f t i f f mwm micA i i58Si>-ffo f. mmmlfgm csnwfns-'an f f s s n n 1 ntAjw -at ?icn fmenn fnemfww ssm AS
mfmrs wnnttjm arm ffn msrst tmm mnmn f f * i
ntenff-wtnntfnm nAtmsesm fnrnmst Rf%w ssfsew 1 wtfntfnss
m'tmmm fmss tAsn^cAs w m w n f l n wr-jnfn^ vo mwm
i 8 i o f . wtntcwtfnnm fnRg w s t , cnnn m?m, ewn-tfn,
wffsifnf^ mrwmff ffrnm (isoo f. fln oo.voto), mm
wtfn^ sê eatffo fn-snenn (ffmf^w) nsmt-a wwi nnm (5.
(Shkoder) 08,000, C4ISCb A8,ooo, mtmn ito,ooo,
fcsw-t cnnsw-t ntnwtss-t wtswtfnn, f f f S ) 1
-anmnm iff,ooo, fcnm iff,ooo, cnmw iA,ooo fSrcmmnBm
iA,ooo I ntenfew wtnmfnnenn f i f n n t c s s nw 'Qs^ff a t w net
fwtf|?p f w Atew winm%inn atrnnw 1 ^ csrfcw Rwi? n ^ -a wtmt t w t f e w 1 wimm wie^te (ntefwt) fainenn,
t f n f n n f n Sscn ctn nffn w i c t cwmssnn 1 f f f n n -at t e n ^ (cn^), wtsnnenenn (cwemem) -a cwiemcm--an nnwR
-antnn ftltcss cncnrfnns ^ cmnnnf^ men mf%ftw nsRw 1 cnn wnsen nnfw ^tmt nscs, ff?nn f s m i-bS>o f . -at n ^ wnsn
n t m n cwm wtmnw fnss f ^ i t mi, wtmm wrmenn ijit-sR -a Atew mwnens mtn^ cntwjienn m -at ntm m t 1 nen AS
mmfw^ wrsncn-a cwrnn^nn stew wmrm 1 cnnnn w t f s w t n n t f n nnfw ?tmt atfapntft atstnw nnes wnsen wR
M*tmfA cmnssncnn înnm fna^wnwren m\ f f w c A nfnm nsatn f f i m f w t nfwn nm fln (g. Tanzlmat nedlr? in
ncn W A S i Tarih Arasirmalarl. Wtnnnm iS>8A f.) 1 WTtnntfnnn
nrff^mes nfm f f m cnm nra, wmnrRnm tm mmfcstf -at n ^ Sfs nnwR wnsenn f A t f ^ i w i f ntfn^nenn fnnst
- a f t amnrnn wnemlfn nrfsm mm w m f w nnm ntAimt ^ste f g f g wRm^sn twtm atAn ms -ans. atwt ftnten ftffmcn
nsen, ffmnw nm^t nwns wtmenn t ntnens ntntwmen nnrnn ^n^ w 1
fwst nsen,wm? wnmn wnemlm w m cnrnojtn wnm m^^nf wnnfne^ wtnntfnnm wntiêmff nn t w e w mw wtai5m:nn
nnffnew wrtn n-am mwt w m t n me^ m 1 wtmm -at nnten nnn Ateôt tm wtmstRnm m f m wnsen wtmsifnm:nn
msmnw wtwrc5'Jnm, msmnns wnm fR<(f ^cn mst w 1 mmmf^ n^mnew f n n wfwntft ssfsntcA -ans wtmrn-a
s f n t t m f n nsjwRn ntffnnemi menn'-fcn wnm fenn wtnntfnnenn f t i i t t w t f stew nnnsm wtnmfn amies
mn wfnmnnenn mwiftm Rmen wtmm nmsArmen cntwjtn wststAn w I troff/i8oi mens 'SAîtf nnmtft n f n wfntft
nsfnm Epims, Thessaly, Morea, -annff tfwmn fftrnfCA cnm nra, n f f n wtnntffm, fm?nnw nnfnrn wnsenn f f n e s s
nnfw ^tmt nsen 1 -at ?tcnn wtnntfnnn tJRt fenn niffwew f m s f e n n -a wtAtcns s n f n (-an5m^-^tfn)--an w R f msnrn
-afww t t m nra wnm n n s f nncn t m n t f menn nnm n f f n f^ I
tmfew nnn w n f f f i8-b-b f f e ^ fne^ (Thessaly)-c .Bn n f n Ssn m ^ wtnntfn enBtnfAC^ msmnmen ntnns-t
1f^ tACS Wtnmfn Wflff? nsfit -a Llvadla (Lebadea)-C cms (ti -am^/mfoj -amnnmff) men wfft w AS i i v v i
i A f t wtnstfn n n f n -anttnf^vis (5. Fatih Devri, wtnmm f f e ^ fne^ -at cst% wsf i s f t cmeat cmt -oe,ooo cnrnm
is.ff8 %, f. i8-b) -08ft nnfft nfnrn f l n 1 "S^mf ttnntnen -iit nrnnfn^, iff,ooo f n f n n -a AAO w n f n s fln 1 -i:t emeatn
nssn nnfcnn -ansft ff?nn nntm f l n -ant m t n f w n wtm nem nfte^wt atfn^ fln f t t f n n f e n m f s r wnsen snsinsîf
wtsntcwm nten msfSw AS 1 CAt^, caRsnft, c ^ , ^m^lft, cwtw fntfw cmirefn 1
is-isv f. t n w m n cnenn f f t ^sten *Sfmfnens fsme^ nen AS iovff f . stew t w t f n ctn n f s wtnmfnnm Snn
f m s n?men wftw ssfwmi wtnmfn A S mfsj wnsn mmnmmtn ' S f n t f ffsm men nnn f f g t f cftatnfess f n s m S^ m f s r
nsen wnm enmm mewr nnn w 1 i s n v , i s v i -a i8s>A f. wnscns f f n -amw mmnmnnn f n e w s t n t f i n 1 fn^ wnsen
wm-a wfs^ n i m ^ wtmntfn nffn t m f -a fntnfnew nnn nsen WtAtenn fnntffsm AS nnnf nnen, nmr i n t t w t f e w -at n w
-ans. wtw f m m enme^ wtmenn wmt -a wtsm-rnnms nss^n afcnct 'S^mf fnsan g f r ^^m f e s wmt mm wtstm ntenfs
nsfnm nnnm f f w e ? \ wtw?^ -^m f w t n I
tnmf ffsemn
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srralif f F f r t t t f f t t f t t t t ? a t t f t cficss? c w f ? st t f t ctia tir?t t t f ttfr? ^ e a f w ? t t t j ttr

tttit T t i r s f t t t w 3st^ file tt*u r t I w t r t r t i c t f rte afft f r ? f ? t f ^ ffflf ctrrftf? ftft Gt?t fft i f f t i f
w t t t t f t r 2rcttR:t? ' Q f f f f f f f f t t t f r ? f t t f ? ftrrat ?wt a t t t i t t f t i f W f f t e t ? w t j ^ a e r w j f i t I ifettTf? c t t
f f t t f t t t t f f t t trtett f f t t a t t f t t e t ? twttetwet? ctrf f c ^ w t j ttgtewj? w f f f ? ttetj?
W i t 5te ff%3 f f
ttftfi? t t t t f e ? t 1 f t f t t e t wtrtet?ef t # t t t t f t f t inm 2te?tw? W f f rte t t t f e t w t t r f ? trttf t t f t f a^tt
t t t t -Jte wtTtrft t i t f t t r t 1 issfe f s t e ^ t a f f t t t f t f t wff?s? tiff rt ffte t t c f , ffettwie? w t r w ? ?j?r? f r
ftefet? t w t r fttittt (Basbakalik), Archves, t w t f t , rte te^tfeft? f f f c ^ f t f ? f f t f c r i ?ietfe f f ? r t w t t e f
Tapu Def t t rfe) s t f t e t w t t i r f t 'et?j?iet ft ctb-ti f r r t w i ftf w t r H .
"ftetttt tttret f r s f t n t t t t t tti i t r t t tftttf Hequard (ivffff f ) wtriet? Ifef? ftjlwt fe6r'-?)et
w f f t t f t t t a f rtwtt W t f T ttttw t t t t a t t t t e t t f t f t t t t w t t wttjitfw f i f t I CfH I ib-ffff >{. w t ? # t t w e f f t t ? tret? ff?a
a f rtwt? w t f r t t t w t f ctffef t t t t f f f e t , w t r e t t e f f t ? , fffr f f t f f w ctttrftfte w w ^ fr? trt t t t , tr? f c t
' w t ^ r f f t ' - t f r f w t j t t j f ? rte wtjtrf t r t f r w i r t rftegirf e ? a?trtfftt a t i t t ? ttftrto ^ r te?; f c t
r t t I e? a f t t e ^ trtet?ef fttft-ct^trt wtset? t f t f t t?fi? w t r ? att? t e b t i t t f w j t f f e ? i t ? ? f t f f e t
wwf t t wttft-tfti ctft-f^-int tet? wtr f f ? f f f t ? ctwt ctff ftterrwittif?Tif?wtwieRtte? afft
ttetettftw ( f f f t t t t f i T i ? w f )-?iet fffif5 f r r t t r i i t i Q ^ f f v|ft^ titt fc?? (ifeobr f ) I iferi % fcfi^riftr?
t t f ? cttwtet cêtt^tt ?iet% treiT? f&?tw r r a?t fctjtet c r f f w tftrt twiatt* t? tst?t il^ r? I
te^ffestt ( f t r r t ) wtset? ffegtft c t t a t f e r ? c r t t t w e t ft I t t s ifesr fîcR? t w t f ? wtft^tif W f t t f (s.
f f f s t t t ? f i t ?se? r Albania, t f t . S. Skendi, 58) crt ii,AV,i8o w t t t t l t ?
ft?-a? t f w e t r t f t f f f ? r t e r a i t r r t f e t t f f t t e t j 1,159,8il w t f t f t r t , r,r,ro w ? w e f t w ^ i,ife,Aff<
c r t t t f j t t f t r f a?t t t t j t ? f i t o r , o o o (ib-b-i f ) rtrtr w t f j i t t t f f ^ I a f t t t a ' Q f f t f ^ f j i f f t f f t f t ctet?
r t r f r e t wfft - f f ^ f t e t t e a ff^ f i t , c t t t e r f f , w < f H rtc^cf cwvst? (ftif) ostti? I w e f w ^ f c t ? f r . t t i c t t
f t t f t , t t f f , f f w f t f?ft I ifefefe <[. c f f f ? t c t ? f f f C ^ ?rtticf f w t e t t f i f t t ? (Wt? f f e r t t t c ^ ) , cft?e5 (cftftes),
f f t t f t t e f t t w tfrtetj? f l f If-st^t crtfwtt a t tft ctr wctt? (wictwi) cstti? f t f t t t t ctet? t f a t fftr
f tettea? t e t j t e f t ^ fte? f f t r ? i wtrtet? r t t t f w t r t ? wtef, we? f tjwt5i?tftret w t r e t ? ttf t f i f t f i
t f f c f c?wf pft? f t f w I we? f a f t e ? t t e t (Shale) cttaftt i r % w t t r f f r f t f t t t e r t e t ? tjifi??i?ift-a? t t r s
tttttt w # t f t f r c f I t t f w r ? a?t ioff8 w t r c r t o f t f t t t e r t e t ? tetj f f w w
cttif? r t i t f - a ? fvg? ? f w t e w f f r f fcft r ? a t t f w r t t c?tet? ^ t a t t f t ? t f t t w r ? i tfit'
r t t l c f I t f w t e w t r f i t a f f t f f i t i f t t t tire t t t f t f a j t ^ f f t f t ctet f j i t t f f f w t t f t c f f i j ? f c ? ; w m t f f r ?
t f i t t t c f wtrtet? f w c f ? t ^ r ^ t a t f S t i ? ? i f w t r t t t w t f w r ^ - f f t e t ? w?fit f i t atftwttfcw a?t f r e ^ fit
t t t t ? s r r t I t f f t t f t e t t a a f w ? ?t??tftt? w f t t t f t t ? tjieteiftr? wf5-fftet? c f g 1
r r e f ? "stfe? tiffs a?t f f f t f l c t t ?tftwte? a f w t t f t ? i w t t r f t ? w e f t ^ f t t f f f e ? <3rfttiew w t f f w t f t e t ?
ctrca? w ? # ? ? t f f f f f f t r f t f f e ?tttwwte? w t f f f w ttfttw? ft? f f i # f t f i t I w e f t w ^ f f w i ? ? w f f t t t w
?c?tf^tet? t w i t f f r o r t w I t i r t t fttr?f tftettsr? wti f f r f f t i8<2-8 f fret? r r f t f t t t c r t e t ? tntt?r?eft
f r s f t f t e t i a t i f t t ? e?it-a f f f t w r t w i f f t t f t t t t f f t s f f f f ? f f f f ^ t c w t f j t f f f f f t e t ? ff?t:w wefi^
r r f f e r t f w afw? c f f f - r f f t ? f i ? cttatfer? tetj t f t twttet? tew f l c t t I wct t t w t t f f f fi?et f f t tgfs
fftet? ?j?fi ffte? I ff?tit-a? f i ^ f tettea? c t i a t f f t t wtrftftew trtftif f f # c f t r t fftew? 1 w t t r f ? w f t t r a t t
ftwcf?ef c t f t f f t t f t R - a? ? t t t ? t t t r r f t fife? <st c t f t ffrwfit r^s^tfff f t f t f t f ? c t ^ e w f c f tf%ct? tetr
f f t t f t e t ? f f ? ^ t t f i R i ? ctet? ttsftet a f w t t t t t t w f t t t ^tiCfT fffw I tfwt twifew t t f t f t f t f t f weftw^
t t t t f e t t I r t t t f r r ? , c t f t f f i t f w ? a t cttafti? t e t j w i t r f f f c t ? ftw? t f f f e f t (Unlate) ffwt f i t a?t w t r
t # i t j t r t t f f ^ s f t t t f s ? a f i t t i t t t s j r t t f t t fc??; t r t c f ?ftit
Cftet? t c f i * f f f f f i ? f f t w I ibrfeff 'fsicf? f f t t f
? t t r t f t f f - t e t f t f f t t t w (A. Sh. K. Gjecov, Wftif trtr tetet ( a t f ? w ceif t f ? t f w e t ? wttrftr)
K a n u n - i - l e k e D n k a g j i n i t , C^ttl? iSxoo '^.) i r,r,vvff m f ? t t t ? , i,ivo, m 4tf, i,rs>,-5i w ?
t t t l f ftfcfit
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we<#5^ w m i % ? i , o.ffil m Tn|f -ant mas s.o m cmm

<pjti^R5 f l n I R w cnm w f stcnfwn cn, n?w*rc^ t f f f f o
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.ntAtm f R nfhi -aR^sffîTcnnmnjcnfffncwnim^RBAa 1
-at nnsn sffîtn msm S-mtcAS n R s ib-t '*m^ Mi mcnn
nnr ?ff^ An i wmmfnnin m f m m mewn t n -ansft
autocephalous wfncnffn mcffw^ m^ c t n nn
nji@ninc^--sn f f f R m w (iSi-an f . ) i t n n t n <ic<mfefnn
nntRs AS t A m f ncnn Inns t t c w f m n ' m # T m f f mfnn#n
rnn f n n t n n t m n i ntntnnwfcn ^tRsifw, wns f n w m -ansft ^nm-siAenn n n t isis* f . nes A S i
nfnnm fnnftw wu .at cn, 'fnm'nnin wfns nwm ntf^tms wtnntfnminn 'S^mfswens mmew t n n r n -flnft stentwfn
- a f t twsicn nntn fAn aicmwn f|n m, f m n ' rffs w m ntnn ^^Rmfln, '^fn wtnntfnnn srtntt wtAtenn f n f n n
t ^ n t f f m ^ f w mtfnwf cnmrnt nc!t Rn i w n t t w j f n nAemfenn f f n f t m wRfA f f i wm -few t n n m
m f f nnn w n t ffnnness '^fnm' sfnm ssm A S i mntj fsmt wtnmfnnetess f m e n n 4 R -a mw stfwenfenn nem f n f ^ t t m
t m f n ctn fness c ^ ^ tnmnsfAcnn cn f n c n f ntmra f f n m'snm w m t ^ Ate n ^ w i n m A S , m t n n m nefs
' f m n ' wwn^rff n j R w m wnf^ f|n m i sftns A t e ^ t ntfljns wtnnenn f e s wtnmfnnenn sttfn n f n fnmnnfA -ami-a
b-no/is-jj-ii men A S fATsm-'sn fnfnw -annmm -assft fnftn f f t n w S ^ m f s j wnên I
csscg tfn'fw AS, -a^tmen cnmfew f|n cnfnetfts i wen nen to I t f ^ A i n 8 mmmnwten w m m f n wnnn t i f n ntettf,
AS, wtn-a mnmn stwfncnn nem t n m n sn sfAnnnitcnn ntnjt Rn -at n t e f - & W T mffen-a wtAtenn nftw cslfn, -afmmfw -a
R m w I cni?t t w t f n 4me wmnrfnnm eft ntnwtns cimnftnifnenn f w t f f ^ n t f -amt f f s c f n fnnn i t f f i f n
(-ansmm, Ais, wi-aemnm -a tnessnmRm)-'a atm Iwn Atwm SnwtfwnfA stswmenn nw fss ntffîn nttc4 wten w t n m f n
f n f t n mwmt ifssicss nnw f|n i i-ÂA % ftfffs nsjttitftns fat S n f f w * : n ffffw ^ Snfnestnfcsn mmen i -at n w
Wfntff Wfnm w t A S wtnntfnnm wmntnrm cssnn oo mens Snfmmt n ^ Set f . % nn twcss i tmenn nem n<stmn f l n
-assmn f|n ffnn i i i t t w r f e w c s R f n -a w f t n nsittftss fstnem (fncsn)->an f n f s ? - a f m B t n e m n i t f f t f s n n wtAtcns ststn
w i n m f n - s wc<iw^ mf:mlfess R B T A ssR:w S m f fne me^ ( ^ f n nt^nfwns n t f t n f f w t cwten f . f . on twess i f . f .
tmrn fwnm ssenn ff%n w e n nnnness s t R fnnm w cmnn iton--a csmssf n ^ P W ^ fsfww iên n n s f n^ t w t f nn wtstm
S'fscîfln I i-iiis % fsfsew w f f l w f?jf stmnnenn as5 ncsmen t f ^ t i f t (mtmn siwfcnn w f e n f ^ i -afniftm t t m sftsjfif cmnm
cmenn fnsst Ate mmm m3nm f n ^ sfAt w t A S I i ^ A A ^lAtnfsslt fnntffmcn (wtcnn) ^ A S -ant f n R S n w j m w f n n n
f f e ^ fne^ wtnrnfnmew -a nf^n ntfnnrcw sttnmcnn nw nsfnm w ^ A S I t e n f nnsj<iin t f i i f s S f w t f n c n n nem Aa
3ftlnnssM fntmfsnn w t f n f s A S I w m m f n ssTtnfn^ mnnn Bavol -a wTsrenn n t w n t f AlbanopoMs (C3jnni--as
i-bsfe f . c f n f f n "3 i-bbSs-sio f . wffnnenn nft nAWiftwi R ^ ) - . a n ssm t e g n w m i nn t w t f e w wimstfnnte mw
w I nsen f f n g t t t m n fsmew f w e m n f n s s mn?f atAenn wtapnens w t w m m f n f c n n cnrntfssnn stfamt n^ ^ m rnn -a
Rm sfsn nsesn i -at wnft ste f R nies w m e * f 5 , fstnesn, wtmrn S s n winsiRsis mn w * ^ m m f t n n n f n m stm w^
wtemw -a cwmem--an n n f f n wnfcnn 'f?m wfnntRnn, ntAtm m ^ n,nen? w m ms m n e w # s n ajAt w i fen -a i o n
wttf^mswten w t n n t f n f l n , -assenten cntwjtn nses wnm tnnrn mmfew fnmftn mgtwi InmRmn (#ss wmm fnmff?R)-nA n R n
n f 5fAn w I f f f tAtcnn est f f f cmmn f f n e n n nn# ^ m winntfnniti S f n wtrnm wtAtenn nsf^ s f f f l w w -^mt m n t
Set 1 ftfnwtes tmenness mntntf (Motley= fsf^ n<mf) nm t w t f n ctnfmms cnmnwrn cnwcf m^nn S s s wtnntfnm n t n
^w I -at n w nnwfn wtmcnn w t n m f n w n t n m f w n i n t nsfnm cnn i f f f f f ^ n e n n n R w ffssienn lAts^H w f n m f n
-a ib-t t w r f e -awTfcn sfncw me^ i wncmftn S f n -ansft n f n nttfffss s t w f n w w i nêten
f t t w f n -a cemwmenn ' w t f mm (g.)-n w f e n t n m n nesf ngtt A S m f t n n f f n wmntRnte ntnntntitn t t n n fngsfRflw
f ^ a j A n -assfwnt-mtAmwfes innmnfs^sfr^n%nnnew ssesn -antfnnfffnn w f n w sscsn ( i o o * f . ) i fnstffnn f l n Jn
ctenr^ w n wmsft mness t n m n nn sf^n S ^ w n i mnm t w t f ^ c w fnntRses?n ntnntn&itn cnrnm ntwmf i i i t t w t f n
tnmf ffjiew
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t t m w R R ftf%^ rorotit? fttat M\ ^m te?, -a t t t w t c t cftlfwR at t f t Wtw f f ? tetj t f e t w

w R w r n i f n t t wtrtw? trfsj wst? rtew ? 1 % ?t?T wtwt i fwttf?ief w f t ^ r? I WRWtt f?rteti ?ttie?? t t t t f
at t t ? rtew WW w?, tttttf??s f i t t f c r srt?*tt f f f t w c t ? f t f t f f i t 1 f w w ffte?? t?w a f t ffwt
wFi?!%tw? feat ?%icf I cwgt (cww?)-ft?lf%?? -atftrt aww? f t t g t we? C 6 f f w L f c t wtrtw ?tt??i? ftwt
ff?e?? wte?? w:?T w?ffw w i w f ? wt?i%itte?s att? f i t Twrtko a?t wffet? tftw ttwew ft r?, cf?w tT#i cttt
^ wtw? A a Bavol W Apbavirai Wet, tjlltet wtsft ftw? wtrtet? f t t ^ t w t t w test f i t i f w f g t
Arbanenses wIW A l b a n e n s e s ' S Wtw?5 i t tiRttff, wrtw tewtcttt W'scww, c?tcf5 ftttw? ftewcf?
Arbanaci Wet w f f t w WR i f f W f f t t t e t ^ RR ?tf ftt? ffttifit, www f?r?e?t? ?teti cftftw-a? ww
W?w!lRt ?7trt? W W att t w tWst f # f w ?it wmtwt ftt^Rf ?tw Rtft? I ftft i W i b - f f wet f f t i f f f t e t ?
w?Rtfw tj?rt? w? I t t f t ttrrr wftt fc?? I tertetT ib-o/ioir i wet w t ^ wt^ct
WW? a?smR Rwrf rtew wtttttw W R S tfe?ret? ww wtrrci? f w w (fw) ^ttjwttf wstatftt fft?itlt i r? w t w
w t w t f t ? waiwj wsFtet atsft ctftrotet tjtrw ttew Rtwtt? f t f t (Myzeqc-a? ftfe twcwtt t f ? f w ) i r WW?,
ttef I ftwfts?? wtfttswtw iob-i, iib-ff tRRtet? att i i r V i b - ctct^, ivsb-ff-a? afft f ^ t t f c?tttet? rcw t?tftf
i r o 8 f c f t f t w i t ? t t f f w r? I trt? t? c t f t aff?w-a? ttr Tf I at t t t t t t f i R i f .fttt#e W M tft'-a? wtwtR
c?^rwf W R t w f fatêw? ajttetgR ( i r i e - i r o o ^.)-a? wffi Rtttft^' (Wctt ctftw) wftw? -tftw f f t i f f w rtwer att
f t w w weRi i r i r % Anjou-a? WRt, ft?tff?t trt? fcaff tvitwt ib-i/i^ve RfR t f i f I t i t t t ?
WRW%f ftftwtet? WR t t R ts|?W ftWfCts Îttlfftl^ WW f f t f t t f t f t r WtJRJ w t r f ? RTtW t f f W T C ? ? : W f ? W f f t ?
cwttt feat I trt? f e t WtwftWf f r? w t w t t t t t ff?W ctt I wTctft>3-a? ffttftfftft b-Hfe/ivsb-H Rtet
wttetfwttet? tetr f t w t t r r f ttww i wttttttt? tjjict? f t s w t t t c f w t f t f f w w, W W W ' f r r f f e t ? tftw w f t
t f t frtet? ?tf? f c t wwewtf? f f t t i i / i i ttet ^ftcw f t f w rtfte? I ' f f t t f wftffww wtwf%w -^w
tttwe?? tw Wtwftw? f t t wtfte ttw i titttttit? ^ruc*? cftR-a?.tttftf Cftffw ? w r f f t t fWcf? f f f t wfffetR
t t ? W R ? i % tfwttfttt wR?tftwe frtet? fStfs fftt fe?, cwtwercf ct?t fcat ( r t f t i t <tirsyW^t?? ivsb-i) rwtttfcf
ftette?t? (ff?nl??fw) t t t ?sw a?t wmw wtttttit? R f t w f w r t r cftftw? t f t t t f i t Cf ftrw f f f f f e ? wtttct? ww
wit, ttt Wfttt, c?tcs} (ct?tw), ftf?t w?ttt?-a? sifw fsifts wewisw? ?w r? I a t w w t w t w f f w c f ffw cwfft
fft f w I WtttftW aft?^-a f r t ? f??at t f w f f ? t ? ^xw f s w f t e t ? f f W t t J l f tapw r? I ftwtet? afw? wftw
o? ajicsiaiftf It >^ tcfct tStw fe?R fe?? i f r t ? ct-titiltf e^* fta ftttw fttf^" ftftfctte ttttt? fsttfftt? Gjergi
a f t f f t r c t t f ?tf^ f i t I at ttftf It (^tfc??
StratsimlroviG, tttfW? t f t WW? f^crct f f t t f t C t ?
f r t ? fta a?t w?fR'-a? w t f f f ? w t i ctttttftf f?t?e?f
(ft?ff??) ttw t t f c t f t t t t fftw ct? I f ? ^ Wflf f f R ? ^tJSifwtf fret wit? T t I a f w t f wetf Rutw ftwt
rtcw wtTwwtw tww wf^tw i#rt t r ^ w ^ t w t t f l f f - a ? 'ftff' f iilt?i ttfrf ( f f fiRtite w w w ttftt,
ff?e WtT r? rtrt? t ? f f t t w w f f?wftw (wt^- t t t f ftet Pfrtff? ttttt tMt) f t f f r ? f f f c ^ f c t f l t t f t
fe?ft)-a? tet WRt f w T t f o ? f w I w t s F t t t f f r t w fc?? I f f f ctt t f w ? t f ? f f ftrrcf
trt? W?fw w t tC?t CWtttftH WR?tf?WRtR fC?? (508VS OSffftCt? f f f t tftw ?5W (ro WRtt, Ifeo/ri Wt%, iOtrlr) I
f cww, 58v5-8fe % t t l WRWttw) I t w r? t n ? f c t f e t c t t f ? tew a t w f f r t t t t t f r f t w r? fttff? w t f ( o
w t t t f t t e t t wgtctt f?tftw r? I t t f ? Wt?tf? Rttw stf Stratsimirovic)-a? WfCTCt flTCf tftte?? t?twe?? t ?
^tftftt ftte?? tfr w? tft=et tttwttw wfwttw ctttwt cwtw t 3 F f e w ? t f t w ttetrtw f r ? wftettcf .wtw^^fw r? i
fC? ( L . v o n T h a l l o c z y - C . J l r e c e k , Z w e i crtwffew ttwfte wret? ffwe?? t? (ifei/iovj?) f f t f f f t
u r k u n d e n , 85) i t t t f ?stct f f f t f t e t ? wfe? .(fRft)-cf aftt t t w t t f f W f fttte fftt f w , att
WtWftWCW ttfw f t t t f l f W ttW-CWtttCf (Voyniks) tttt^t-a? CtfCf tl?*fH-a? f f R ? ft? f t f t ftt? f f R -
Ctffe w>8W tt? wtrrat tstw at t t e f fttet? tflw w t t ? Tl X'ifeo/iofei) I trt? t ? t t f ? fftfw wiffw G.
f w 1 ioee f . -ftte?? w % twct? t f f R rtet R t f Stratsimirovic-Cf f t t f t a St. Sergius^ttc ?ftfw
wtRtftwew'Ww, wtwtttt? wtw WRWf? txett^ f t w fc?? (iofevsriofeff f ) I c t e r w ? T f t f t w t w ? w w c f f f t c t ?
wftft? tfct? Wtfst? t t t I f s t f<3? wtset WtWtf (ttfffs) f f f t t f # r tfttflct? I wt?tfef; c f f t , w t e t f f f w T t c r
ttwf fffCff?
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(iofeo pT5TCWT (>v5&to %)-m n s f ? atAt W I ? l % (fwennt Stwjnn), crnnem-fnem tfn (-anntntenn tftenn
ttnnstt ntfnns mwtn tfnnt:^ -atsft A?1s nsen i t^srtfttt-a -amsn), cm?tffn t R (cnenfnfn, fwem^tm ^ tmn ipf*m<).
f t f n mitm?fntns fnsf t e ^ ntf^tnm mncn wtmwn f n fntnnict csttmn-sitt tfn (-amnmm--an Sscs), wttfwn t R (catfnw) i
aimwn R s n r n mn w t i -atmen f f n m Rntcn fnlnfe cmfnnt -at nnm fAt tffmn mfw nA ^5s f f n rnns WtAtenn fff
(ftRm) nsnfnfwn ntnm, c f ^ f m t f l m nnscnt c s R f n w n tRmt wR frnnntet Rewenn wfnnnen met r tmenn nem
Rmc^ m f c n n nflw nAcmffm w n I Segtemm tfsntsnfA ste^cA s cm%m (nnse&iemn--a), fncnm
wtA^fn-a f n m (50 n m t m mmen wtnmfn?fic mnn csnnem (c^tRscmRmfnew), enifm tfnsm (f?tnn -a wtAm fattn '
f w i t mw w limt S f t n wtm <M4*<) An ostfnin ( o s i f ^ ) -a CPt^ fnn -a wmc5, cmn m fesn alien), nnf^ tfnmn (mfsit) i -at
(ffnen) mrm i f f t ? t i m f 2fmm?m stmt m^sm nm aftn afsnesn fnrn' wmmf^ tins n f f t fmn' ar^cnn ntmm
ntntftn-an wtnenn n f n Atew i w t n atmnfCA f n m ^ , n t n twtttfin I *fms' men wm tnmn aiAtess wwrtnti^ iscsMi
mspen ^ ^ f n t f n mmen nst< t f n m n m m\ A t nsm ^ m I cnrnssfw (cnniw).-a wtnns cn^tfnn mtRm,
(Basvekalet Archives. tT|n, Maliye n t Ai) i nnw wmsmRnm nnnewtemen fwnwn ctnesn ctm-e^ wiAfcns
t m n afsnn ne& ifeto/i&8 i^so/i-sfei men wtnrnfnmew men^ ajmnfA '^fnm' ftnten amm nsm AS i -at atenet f f
tfnmftw t ^ m f wRmenn t n ste i t ^ m f n f e n cnm rnn, wmnttTf fif mnR^ -a ntR nnew fnemfww nrf^^f ^tm% i
-at nnciit wtnsutRmn (caFtm, ^fc>sf)-ess w atmnêw wmtsfw fnm'sft^ f f mR -a wtAtenn wnncnn nttjt wf& ten fnss
c n ^ A S I <?m nW'ifssi, fwfitf^csifisi, fstf?f f P i t R m f t m f ^ fln m I m*i< mnwtft oo wn frnn'att mRn nem n ^
w f e n wtnntfnm cnntmn (vos/iSoA nten w t n w m fc^ nsfnm c n ^ AS;-atmn njR mnsm amm f^f nnnmnsffs
Stf?w f l n I iSoA % ntmfn-ian ntgiwi wtfSfm tf?en -iit n ^ wTAf cnt em Atc^cA wmf^tR^tfR (wtnftem nmat,
w t n m f n mftenn wc-tc^t (ctstm mmfnm, t w m nstnSnt, Rentnnnmn), nnfnm, cnm^, tnnnntmSi atîett wtm
fnewif c m f ^ ) cmmfn f f m n nsfnm cnn i iSoo f . csRewnnen wtnsmRnm, wmRf^înfn ( t s n f nnen wtnf^fR
G,Stratsimirovic--an f f f Aten c s R n wTAm w f e n wtm <anf5|R) mnwt^ cnffs c ^ Set -ant cnetn ajfft
> a m w 1%! w t t ntnffetem, winftwifn -a fnnt ntnnsfnm ens, aftmtn^ fnwtet (Rmenw) -asswn fntf nnf fnf?? nsm AS I
t e m f e < o s R n fBtfn w R w nsfnm n t m f i n i f f ? f A m fpi *S^mf n@ cn'Ssftfnns tne^t atAt fnmf^ wiAtew arm ni<
ntnm m R n m (ssrnn mntenfwns -a fn? atne^R^-ian nATswrn f R wR mfsntet Resfsw i nnnt cssnn -at tfwewt
cfnenn R ^ m f t ? i f nntten Rf A f i ctn t # f A i n t mi3|n m?ns 'aftnrn' nK?t mf mm nsn fln i fnnsm - a e ^
f n n t R m atne? w t ^ p m ntwt w t f ? fmnntenn f t m^ -atft -aft nentwm ctmt ^Rw cn, wfAtst -assft fnnet^ wal*)
ntwenn S t f w AS (is> i n t m n , Sm-viVAJS c n e ^ , isojs) i nnsnesn n s N ^ f n mcs* n n ^ ntfs mwtens Stn R^tfn nn i
tAm t n t m n nnn^ns-e^ Snfn-ian mtif5ftw f f w t e n nmwt Ssca *S?sitftt aftn-sn ntnttf nnfn mn nscsn-ant fms
ftnnen m m w n { v W i s io) i n f ^ t wPtn t ^ m f m Smm f f m tn vA8/i8 A i nnm wimm csfncnn fn^pw; mf%m cmn
fnipe^ w m s i f ^ m t t t t e ^ n n R nscni ctn t f s c R o m mcnesRns-ess mAim nsfnen ctn t % csR trmncwt, wtRmfn
R ^ f cmnm w t A?I -ant a t f w t e ^ isit nne?it *S?snffft ffnt (vAto/i8A) cmenn R f t afwj<t ^Rew mm AS I nf^t
wtîmRme^ w n f n n t ens Ssen -af^tnm "êw camt w ^ voV iSAfe meet tms^ tmns îc?ft jcSifcwsn f ^
( w t w f l f m ) t f s -ant wmwiRn-tfn w t m wtnntfn.tft teTt ^pj WtAm SsmR^lftenn nem Rnm cnm wn -ant tAtn fcmt
tinw(viv-Ao/i8iff-i8in) i atAt n ^ An fam wfnw nsenn (fATsmn rros/^c^m
i 8 o ) I tAm t? wmntRmew -iissft fwn f R wnwRt rnnrn
'SAVif w R w n n nnm cntftew cn t1nf?Rn f f t A?I, cn
A5 (ttfn irsff/nn is-sA f.) J tAtn n ^ f^ 'SAmf attmRss
nnpp tsstn mw w t nm vMi(t/>6A menn "fmn' i t f i ^
n % n R i f ^ i n f f f s fnnnet (fe?rw.t ctPFwm-t n r n r n f
Rust êttnwn nsnt i n?f te^ -at w R t e ^ t n n f nf
wtnwtRf, n*m. H . inalcik, wmsnm is^ffs f . ) i f ^ f e w
ntnsmtf wtnntfn sjfwcstcnn f n fjHt R'pct fncissm w trnni
aims fnf^ - a m f n rnnnfA ^ftntt imn atmn rnn tfnnttnn
tn?tAtResteA5iaif^fSatftafm*R w I attnfnemmt -a
S e f t f ^ , nttmt f ^ n w i t t ^ m f m n ? ? tSm-tRi
ncmnetns <amw mfsi wtscnn nsRtn atm csfwStfw
(W#ent1t-am -ammn), n t n t t t n (nnwtewn tfnfnn w f t w w I nsesnsft .amw wtAtm wfAtenn 'S^mf f m n
n f ^ t ) , f*tentenmmcm-tfn (ctffcnn S s n ) , ttwem f f ^ t f n ajftwtenne^ mi msrt w i fA. mn wfnnmtetn weness.
tnmf Rsesnn
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c n s H tm w ^ e n t w H (Yuvan) m i % i w <= w m f t f f i i p r R Tisn fwn Atwiesn wfsss fln m 1 A-b ms. >8ffi--an ^
- a n t w w i R ^ i P c U n (Araniti. Amlt) W W f n wpra W f n t e n f f n cfmrcnn n n s n wmwcms nme n f n n w An -ast
> 5 f t atntn w s t Rti*lf.w<! nr,*ij 'vslvjiî'nir.t ^'^m w\ ntwm w f f w e n s f n ^ catnm nn'fn nsenn 1 nffn wmmRnm
Ttn f n e m m ^ n i atnr*i iTimfnf w s 5tAt nsfnnt b-o^/isoi (memtiwwt, mtemm, mRft) tm wfnsnn mfnmif wtsifnR fmn
ntenn csne n ^ fnnrêss Aît n e n mi cM^m cnenfnnfn mfts^ W f n n n mesn 1 mwm ntes wm wtnmnfn mn (mmm
wtnf^fRsqnfi w n e m n w i c^înenn ( f n n m e s f f n e n f n f 5 ste ntwm atR wtfnem tnn Ân f n n r a ^^nwi
w t n w e m fneEritto^ t,mA a t m n w . wtmm fenine*!^ n s n e n wtmfnRc^ atnt^î nm A S ;I -atwtcn cscnfsnfn -a wmtm enwt-a
winntfnmn m n n s . i i ^ ^ - i ^ n f a 'winfess mmfe n^cn i ît n n wtmipnenm nme msnw s n . t A m mfsew n t w t fmenn
n B m n S's.nrtA'* s t ^ n n m >s tm wt^wifnnm f f n f n m n n t aic-s)s>C'* -Soo 'Stew îoo i^fs mfnss votm atmen f f -sn
Regies cmnm' n^cn ; c t n ms t r - s s / i s o s men n t e s i f n atmnss -ant f m s wfms -at n w niRc^ fn*,xnn f c n wi^m atmc^fn
f n m n cmi^tn c n f c ^ n r - i f n nn>n cnntnenn cntn aiestrs - a t wtmn atmn nsesn 1 -atnAw nsn a t f nfnnfsra mmew Rînns
fni63r'<<p fncjiCsn w n n R ncS'i t c m n c m -at fnests me^Stn w m tRsten nsnw -atstn nmfnwit snw f s n t f i n 1 w m t e n f n
-ansft f n agcncvsn 'wrtsmn f & m nsfnntfin i f f ? wtmfnf mnj njsftft wmntffn ntn c s f s fms t^mff ntwcfs f n m n
wnsen mttne^ n m a A n \ v-o-b/is-ss m e n n w f f n ^ m t^ wfsns^ m^rrswn^ fscnfbw s t s i f i n 1 f f i nmmnfnns mtm
w t m n t n -at fncgrcsn w i fmjat osnn n f n m c n aitfn -ansft wmtcmffn n f n stew arfnrnn 'sn, t w f t attramn
A n m t I f n f n nsmi^tRs n n s n t A m f t -6 ' ^ f n f m n ' e m f f m f ^ fn^c^ mntsn mfcnn mgwm:^ cmn wfwcmnt fln m" {5. c .
mmenn f n w R w ' f m e n ' n mi"en n m n m t ^ i nen. A n f n m s t Marinesco, Alphonese viii, Mel de Tecole Roum.
cêa cssnn n n s n t f n t n t , n r w mnntnnfess "v tmens n n m f n n en F"rance, mtfsn i&Ao f., f . io8) 1 bii/i8-b'b--bi men
f t WtAtenn Snntft"^ n t n s t i n , wtAtcns n f t n A c n t f t m af fmn--an -ansft csfwSien Dibra. Dlgobrdo, Rjeka,
nsfsntfln i Mat <3 C e r m e n i k a - C ^ wf^ nsnt Atntei
> 8 n / i 8 8 o n t n Ate wtntRfwn w r m m t n e w m n csn (4.) (Basbakanlik Archives. ttfn, Maliye, No. 508) 1
fscijicAS csjwf sfAn mm \ fAts wmmnn w t R , n t t R ^ m -3 tm Ate arfnrnn A S , vno/bsto-b n t e n i j n fAtmn (5.)--an
cnt nnen fnntwmn wtwtfns m n f ^ f A t s w t e m n n e ^ -ans^ wfniens nn -at n w wnacn f n m ' n j n ^ ntntRs A S I f A m
w i w t f w ^ wt^m^ a t n m nsen i -RI<J <tjf<s=\css w m w nsfnm cn ^ f w m ntmt Atns m cw t m w m n . csn f A m . mnwj f f t e .
R s m f f f m^m f 2 i WtAt n t n f n e n tm f t t w t e s cnmm nsm m n , w n f R nsRit An f n m (b-**-i88b- -a b-cs/isffo) -a AS fmrnn
wtms fscftcAs Sn earam w m t m w t n n t % nntesn m s m R w (bno/i8-b-b -a bni/i8'bn)--an ajsnm RmRm ssesn -ant f m s
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Wmf-8 5 v 6 f *
WSJ f : s w n i f < ntrnf?! # n w wfw^wT Stewtt w Umanista Melanges d'histoire generale, A t . ,

I t f t n <3 nmnnwfn wtacnn wfnnra f n f t n cnttetn (Cluj 1938 f . ) , f . i o f f - o i b ; ( i i ) H. Inalcik, Suret-i
nRs t f n r a t # s (Fan. s. Noli-uan cnwTf) nsntw cfM\ Defter-i Sancak-i Arvanid, wtnwtm ifeffS f.; ( i b )
(m I l i f t R?(c<ra anm nit w n t n cntn fcnt^ttlwnt!! tninn cntw, Timariotes Chretiens en Albanie au X V
wesn I f c n w o nnfn mw f s n t f f n fnntn-^^snwinnn w n siecle. Mitteil, des oesterreichischen Staats
(k.8 ftocnys, iS>A8) I lansfs w t t n tfnnn -i>)M<iR?)ics> l a f t archivs, R m m 8 t . , ifecJA, i i b - o b ; ( i i s ) iS c n t w ,
awTsa w n m cntt (cnt's)-cs5 w m c f n ^ cnrntt ^ i Iskender bey, I. A cuz 52; ( A o ) Stavro Skendi,
t m n t n f f n t w f n nft W F W n ^ ? t w w n ( i A cn, Religion in Albania during the Ottoman Rule,
ifeAff; A l n c ^ , ifeAto; A A ncgn, i ^ A t ; nts i f e o t o ) ! n^cn in Sudost- Forschungen 15/1956, 311-27; ( A i )
wtntfnnt wtnw t m f n wtRw m^ tRtw A H I is>Air f f c n n Albania, S. Skendi ( n t l n w ) , f n t t n w iisffto f.; ( A A )
cne't^cn cmt-cw w m m f n c n n ntwt cnrnm wm A S i ^ -afstn, 'A^lf ifAifnwtt cntff, Smw, cttwt m f ^ , wtfwn cscnR,
ifeofe-ia t w t f www wtnntfnm wtiamctn lawfnn f c n f f n mtm, f n f w f f f fAimn wtm mf^n, w - a n m -q R'acnw m t m
wtnntfnm "^c t m n n wenn i n-fmn wtnntlnm mtcw atfw w t j m-am mn (g. F .
sf^t^lf ? ( i ) Emile Legrand, Bidllographie Babinger, GOW); ( A O ) Wt'afnm CbcnRn w m f . F.
albanaise, Henri Guys W^w nm<3 mwtRtw, tJtfnn Babinger, Evilja Tschelebi's Reisewege.. in
ifeiA f.; (A) Jean G. Kersopoulos, Albanie,
Albanie, n t f t n i f e o o f.; ( A 8 ) SA^lfl f C t n Ctn wsctn w m
ouvrages et articles de revue parus de 1555 a
g. Y. H. Bayur, Turk Inkilabi Tarihi, Turkish
1934, m m . Flamma, -iicnn i f e o 8 t . ; ( o ) Herbert
Historical Socity, Wtnwmt ifeSo-ffto f.; ( A f f ) T. W.
Louis, Albanien, Eine landeskunde
Arnold, The Preaching of Islam, nn ifeoff f.; (Ato)
vornehmlich auf Grunde eigener Reisen, ^tmt
J. K. Birge, The Bektasi Order of Dervishes,
ifeAl f.; (8) Antonio Baldacei, studi piciaii
AfScwt^ i S . o i f . ; ( A l ) K, Sussheim, Amavutluk,
albansi, o t C S , cntn i i s O A - o o f., i S - o b (ff) Johann
in IA.
G.von Hahn, Albanesische Studien, cwm i i r f f S f . ;
Halil Inalcik (E.I.2)/ Tssnnfn ntcnw
(to) F. Nopcsa, Albanien. Bauten, Trachten und
Gerate Noralbaniens, ntfmt n t t t f n t iS>Aff f.; ( i ) wrt^r^ ( U _>> j l ) S Arnit. c t f f s wtnm wtcncm
Hyacinthe Hequard, Histoire et Description de (Amedo) I t m ntcnltm (Logrono) m?iCtn liiwft f g t A S
la Haute-Albanie ou Ghegarie, tJtfnn ib-ffff f.; (b-) mi l i f t fnstn fnmfm 4nm t A s i tAm wfnntft mn n t m w i
tVI.E. Durham, High Albania, mc5n ifeofe f.;(S))S. Ebro n f n S t n f Cicados-ian ntn f c n tAt w n f ^ mi
Gopcevic, Oberalbanien und Seine Liga, n t t t f n t ntwmf "^c t m n ^ mn A A m t n (Off fwttfntm) I
i v v i f.; ( i o ) Mar garet Hasluck, The unwritten 'wtcnm'wftcnfn f n ^^c S t t ^ - a f t ^ t f n mn 1 t m n
law in Albania, c w n ^ iS>ff8 f.; ( i i ) Carleton S. rnnmn Burgos, Albacate Logrono stcnct m m nm
Coon, The Mountains of Giants. A Racial and mi ctcnt^ srcnct ^ g f n i ^ t^ ''Arnedilo"-nictâ
Cultural Study of the North Albanian Mountain ft-amntn i
Ghegs, Cambridge Mass. ifeffo f.; ( i A ) Ludwig von i^fwAtfnw w t n - t n f f n nwtfntcn f n f n n c t n toi/iAt
Thalloczy, Illyrisch albanische Forschungen, m m f n n m m c t Atoftwnan ( j ^ i ) m s t e n t n t m t f t w f l n i
f n f n w - m t t f n t ifeito f . ; ( i o ) Georg StadtmuUer. wmem Calatayud, Daroca, Saragossa, Huesca,
Forschungen zur albanischen Fruhgeschicht. Tudela sfwR fntrtw t A S m # i w 'wtefm' t w f c n n t j t R f l n
Archivum Europae Centro-Orientalis, 1 1 . , i < 8 i , n f n w I w t s f st^tfns nem -itwrnsj wm-m-agn-fn'wm nrnw mr^
i - i f e t o ; ( i 8 ) M. M. V . Sufflay, srbi-i Arbanasi, wtsffw n t f f n f f s n t m-anr rnn i S t f n t ^ stfffnten
cnncms i ^ A f f f.; ( i f f ) N. Jorga, Breve Histore de F wtn-wrmff-ian -iissft m f n t A s srm Tudela t A s "^c f3tt
Albanie et du peuple albanais, f t t c f S iS>iS> f.; ( i t o ) n t t n fcs w n f ^ mi t m s s f f t c ^ S ^ w n t e m t j nnfft
Fr. Pall, Marino Barlezlo. Uno storico nftsieii
t n m f fm^cw
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Contents
trt wff ftfw ' s ^ ^ f f f5?'sft? w t r s t I trtt f f rte wtw?et? ft?ti?fe<T? f t i ? <3 ' t f f ' (Boluk) wftt t t t f f f '6
^%t? a t r t s f f f l w M ^t I 'ftft" t ? ? % t i t w w t t t w j f t fittt? f t t f f f f f f e f ? f t t ? I t f t f f t e t a t 'fft' f f ^ r t
tr? fit Amedo, Tudela Onate. t f f f t t f f ^ t W t f S f tftttft? wffftf. ttt t t t f t - t t t t t
ooo/fero tt^ w i t ? 'wtt^-?irtT? Navarre-a? ftspei f f f t - ' w t t t t ? ^,.a..^j I j _ ^ L 5 ( S t t i t i f r f ?
f:?? (Muez) wtt1? ttet wffft fttJt wfttt? t f t B t t t f tsfttt f f m t f f t ) , f f o i e t ? f f w f t ? t f f t e t ( t ^ tffe) tff
Calahorra t t t fe?? i f t ? t ? f f ^ Sancho Garces t t t t f f t c f ? t f t l f R , t t e t t t a Zi'amet-a? w f f f t f ' w t f f t t t ,
Wt tsfwtflet? I ft? 'wT?f?-?r5"tte?? wfftie?? f e t c f # i i -3 f t e f f f f t?fte?? f f s f f f R , ct?t?ffrf? f f c t t f t ? f f
Sancho Garces ?ttj '^tt Wtft-a w f t t f r t fe?? i ? t ? t t f t i f f f f f i f t f t t f f I f a ^ w t 3 e t ? fi?ef?ef8 trf?
'Wt?f?-?Trtt? Navarre a??. Leon' fft&tft t f f t tiftftef W S f ^ t f f t f t t t f?f ^ I
ValdeJunquera-C a f ?wtf few t?tw fft?t? f e r e t w f t t t f f f tf? t e f f ^ t f f t t t f i t f f f f c f ? W?J <\o,ooo
Pampeluana w f t f e t fWttat f e ? t , t t ffft Wttff ?te Asper ( f f f g t f f c t t ) , w t f f t t f f tftcf?ftb-,o(!)oatt f t t t f
tttttfe?? I f f f f c f ? wtt ife,!s>s> Asper i
f f t f s (i) t f f t f t , 'wi?ff f t tt^, % iife, Wf. f rii; t ? ? f flet a t it f f t e t ? f t f t t f t t f f f ffff^ f t t ?
(r) E. Levi ProvencaL La Penisule Iberique, wttf? tîffe t f f l f r? I t? C f H C f R wttftfi? wtrret?
'wt?ft f t tti, f . i 8 , W f . 1. r o ; (o) t t ? rttt, wttrt-?r?t- wrtf? t f t ? twt?i ffe? I
Wl?tt?, f brfe,fg il-b-; (8) DicYeor, rt., cvr; (ft) J.M. wi?trf%f wt?fe?? at?it w f f t f i w ? ^ ? t ^ t t t f f f ,
Lacarra, Exp. MusuL Contra Sancho Garces, in wfttfff <3 t i t t f w f tjt-^tt trror^ ffef ffjsftr? f^
Ravista del Prinecipe de Viana, 1940, 1, 41-70. t t t ? I f c t w t t f f f w t f ^c f f t t t t t f ? f f t ^ a t ft?
A. Huici Miranda (E.I.^j/frfJitt^f W t f f c t f f ttte? I
wft'^ttfw (^0? ttwt) wttet w t ? t t f t f f w ?ft f ? i r?
'rt<Iff ( - L I j l ) 8 f f ttt?t 'Wtftt* W < t ? I f f t t f t tit?
att w t f f f t e f w ? t t w r w w r l f t f ^ f w r? i t r t t w a
Wttet 'wtttt te?ft <c.ij j i ) a f ?? tttt f f t t t t <3Wt
tftttf a t f s t t f i ? tttewtet? ewea ?T?r ^t i Cftffw r<3?t? te? c?ff?ef? w f t f ? t ww fwe?? f t f t
we?? cwea a f 'wi?tt' f t ? oft'o ftf%fit ?t ( w f rt?r), fii?lf r? I
a??, t t t t f f f t t e t ? cwea ' a f wT?tt' i/8 tfts? f t f f t f 8 (i) 'Wlf, f?ft-wt?T3 (wtfiftr W'gffff, twip
f t n t I fe wtttie rt a f ' t t t t t f ' (ttrt i.i/8 t f ^ ? f f f f f f i f t ? wteaf) f f W'ftift, a ^ ttwt rrô/or; (k)
ttt?) I C f t f ctt, ffttw, il, 81; (o) W ' f f t , l^-W?lf t , At.,
H. Bowen (E.l2)/frlft t f W l f ftfe8; (8) t f f f f , w f f , f . 11-lb-, ioo; (ft) f t W W f f
WW, WwltWR-ff'WW, it., A1S>, b-i; (fe) M. d'Ohsson,
wrRfftfsTf (Arpalik) 8 Wtfttlftf w f t e t ? f t J , ? J t r t f t f
Tableau general de I'Empire Ottoman, iv,
w f t ? f t ? f R s f t e t t it tt f f t I f f t t f ttgtewj f t f t t t
262-491; (l) J. von Hammer, Pes osmanischen
t T f ? ft?flt t w ?t!5? f t t ? c t t t t f t f , t i t f f f <3 t f ff^
Reichs Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung,
f f f f f f e f t?ft? f R S f t e t f ti w t t t r f t i f ttet wffft
ii. 387 f.; (b-) M. Belin, Essai sur I'histoire
^ I trr W f f ? f f s i f f e f ? cwea ftwtet? w f f f t f tt
economique de la Turquie, JA, 1864-65; (fe) M.
wtt?ftet? cwea w?t?-tt ?t e t f t t e t ? c?tt?
zeki Pakalin, Osmanli Tarih Deyimleri ve
ctft?-it??it f i t I c t t f t t t f ? fw<pi<( Cft? i^ffrtfff f c a
Terimleri Sozlugu, i, 84-7; (io) M. Tayyib
'wttttftf' tcR? a t f f c t t t.tfff trtne?? sfttt fi?t t t ?
Gokbiligin, JA, 1. fasc. 8, 592-5.
tt I f t t f f f ffte? trt w f t f g f ? ? i t t t w f ? w f t e t t f t t f t f ?
wtttfw? wgt?tt?fet?ef f e t t t t t???ter? w t t fvs ^ i R. Eantran (E.I.2)/fW^f^sfw w t f
fittet ttrtr wiffttfteti^ a t w f t f ? t ( f f t ) t t t t t f l c t t wtrtett '^MJfl'Sti wrt^'wrtf ( ^ 1 ^ 8 (w),
tctt flet? ftt^ (Agha of the Janissaries) t t w f ? wrtf, W f f f f f c t wfte?Tf t t t j e f ? w f f s ; f i c t ? i a t t t e ?
t t w f ffjiefft
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Contents
'wtwfsn t s n 'mm (nt) 'wtsn f t n
Rnm w t s nTS5 mitnt ntn i -wr fwfn stntn M f 'wtn^-ntAnm wm-ntft, ffwtfn-wtnft" mw-m'ftn, in nt.,
lanslt ^fara nrss ntnttnt fnntflenn i tmew wtms ntw 'ste f # tnmw i-anA/ifeffA, nn., in-b; (s) tsn 'wmfnn-mnn,
n t % st I tnntn aj^n wntn nn ntfffts (n) wtmew iiwf& wtn-tmcfwm ft mlwtfwn- wtn'Ain (tmmn Atf*fm, -on.',
entmn mw mmtm ensrnn w^nfw enn i nsnSf wten fwfn nnntn iAS-ff)[
nnfw ^nn wesn i 'wtsfs-stAntn tsn wnmnn wtms fnwt ^stew
mff? n=fm wfnsteAn i ntewn fnw fnm Rfn wtms e'ifai i wtms j_>i
j j i j^) 0 (m),
fgjn wtfsn waatw i wtn-ntfsff, ntAtft i wtf sts^s R"fw (m) ffs f^tntwtwwtcn
sfftif 8 (i) tsn Alwts mtn-'wtnwnntft, wtn-tmm ft WtAtew stfWTtftenn (fsmn) fnê^ f^ wms fnemn cmt i
wtntfn'n-ntmm, in nt, ioAv ft.., wtn-ntwwtsTfn-fmft, tmn (m) twm t f n mmsmnew en tncmn. cnn wtAtew
mnmn, ^n., sns; (A) 'wtsf's-ntA'ntn wtn-mft, fwrn^n-wtsft" nenn 8 wtfn tcmfcst wtm tffn-AWntftew fnemn fnrnfl,
sntw-m'ftn, in nt. ionVi'^ffA, rnn^-ffs wtn-tntnmt, cnenn 'wm^twt t f n msmmew fnm.cwtnrnntAmiweni
Jnsiw, nn., iir; (o) tnn snwin wtn-'wtn^'intft, wtwftfw- ( W m ffn -awwn.. nnftft -ant tap ntftftn wm -ain-^Sit i
wtAftn, An nt. ios.ff/is.n<?, m^-m'RFt, ^ssiw. An., ib; (s) wtf ntwn (m) 'wtm (m)-cw ntAmnens mnw fnemn w(s?Jif|enn i
tfn 'wtnfnn-ntnn, wtn-trnffwin ft mfn^Ptf^n-wmms (tmnts fwfn Cwtm) wtsnnwiew mnenm wRnn wnnn wn wfssis wm
Aifim, on., iAs) I csmn wenn I fwfnt nnsttn m R fnfn ntncmn -awit ftn wn
fAi*^n fntwesn -ant -atten -awft nnfwn tnntn wesn i tm esK ttwff
nensntm i
^l^vl'Stl ^mr^" ( j ^ j ^ 3 ^ j ^ ) s (m),
WtAtn ffotn mn n t e f nwesn sftnteA i nnftA ( ^ j ^ ) , mftw af^t#f 8 (i) tsn ATwm wtn-'wtnwimff, wtn-tntm ft
(dj_^),mntA^ ( J ^ l j ^ ) , mftA,'^TftAtwrtfnffw^n^ wtntfn'n-niAmt, in nt, wtn-ntwmntfn-fAt^, mmnn i-oAb

msm nts i RfnntffftA (n) s wtf mwn fntftw (m)-'an Rf5 R , At., sns-ff; (A) tfn m'n, wtw-wmtwtfn-fnm,'Sssiw
^tew AtftA nnm n#meAn i Rfn nenn, ntffmA (n) nfnmeAn, nt., St., -OtoA; (-0) tsf'n-wttm, tnf'n-ttm ft mtsnnR'n
"wftest fsntn-ff^tnnt w t t m nfwen i en mf^ -at Smusn ntAtm, wtn-ntwwtmfn-tnmfnnTt, cAmn i-os^ R, 'ot.,soi i
i^wjfig tl^ wff: mtmn, cn es-t stw m cwn wtmew Att ws" ftt^.fnt
(spijnn) I fwfn senn, ntffmA (n)stnste^ s "cwtn mt^ tns *rt^ (Ai-ab League,) s 'wtsffs -^RAjstmn fnRg
eî^tiens ntsfs wtw m nftmcA, -anwtnsftn en m R cwtmenn cnenn nnnten nftw sile-siit i is>ss f. wtenwwtf^m nnftew
iS^fa fig wfnmn wnm cmntenn wtm'wtwcw n^-Rns wfnsrs tms stfwf-mg m f f A S I is>s<?' f. wmem nnen tfnn,
teBfem cwtmenn fnwt wtfnen, cwmm wtmew A3i wfsen" cmw, wnm, tmw, mtft 'wmn s tstntn tAm ntnwca m w
(fnfnn) I 'wtnmwt (m) wms nenn, ntffftA (n) wtntenn mn wcs I -at osfte^ fffnftens 'wtnnenn nentfR stfwfnfs-s -awit
nwess mmn nftenn, wwsnn nm wn^tn nfncnn s "wtw ntea cmttn wfnwtff i -mem Rmnne nnrn niBnfCAS wwt^ftn s
wtmn ntAfftenn wn enm stmcA i 2fm:n wtf ntwscw swn tnntt ftfwn nn^ msn -ant nnm entnfAcw mnttnw ffmn
cn-sm ^ -ant wtmn -swn ^ msm cnn i wwstn tntsew ftmtntf m^ stemt Atew fnnw mmt -at ewicts t e ^ i is>sb
swn ensm ^tn wtms .ftw msm cnn i wwjns tAntnew swn f. 'wtsn ftctn nmm sQnfA nn-stRflw tnsttn. (m^ft) sti$s
ensm'stn WtAtew RfAtnwt mm cnn i" 'wtswns fnwt ^ê ttn Atnm wfnm ctn t # mf A S I "wtnn % t s rnm n^pwn
wtf Attsn wttwtt Rrtn t f n tntwt, wtf m'fn wtn-'wtnff -ant wmcstn I tes nse^, fntsm, fnm, Rtfnfnm.fcnw-swtnfwfsm
-sntRmn wtn-'wmft mftA n<m wffmcAn i nssf. wtcn Rfn wtnn niSewtet .cmt fnmeA i ifeê f. 'wtnn ffctn mmr
$pis s>isin wenn i wtms f f j wtRn wwtw i n^nfcss wm 'wmn mmnt ntwm fS A S I ffntm sttffww
stft^t 8 (i) t f n Alwm wtn-'wfnwTntff, wtn-tntm, in ntens ttn sfsn sftw wlssin t n ^ fftw AtstcA \ t%
nt., mmrtn i-oAb R., At., sns; ( A ) cnnw, tetm ^ sm wm AtsicA i
w T w f t f - w R n ^ , ^n nt., ^nniw i-oS9*/is>i,At., ib-; (-o) ' mmffsemn i A i v
tnntft tfsewm
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Contents
felrb- 'wraf ?'=ftFn
*^5rt?RH (oL,_v*.) ? f w : ? feio "3 ^ 8odo (ftf5?f3gif WfW, 'wttt? t ^ s t f ) < 3 i&ffwffftt afft
3Tf?5rt?Era w w t Wt?FI ' w ? f t - ' w f t ? - a ? f % e t W f ? ? f ? t f w t t f f fttic? a t f??ft? t r a fi?tt, f c g t f f r n c ? ? i t r r i t
ffel i<rt OTWidJftti? affS t f w f f f f l ? I wff? *fitCt? t t t f t t w w e W ^ f W , t S f s WT?fC?? CtWCf CtfWt
t T ? ? ?W?Ct? fff(? WWCf? % 5 f W f ? W , a t t f t W2FtCt? t t c ? trt, t f t t f f T l 1
WWef?t a f f t ? WWfWC? a t f t t C f p o t 'WWWa ?W T f I st^tCl" 8 (i) K. Ritter. Erdkuude xi, f^l r i i ; ( A )
a t w i R t ati>. a. c t w f t f w - t w f <3 wwf?fit f f w i ? t i c f ? H. A. Layard. Uiniveh und Babylon (wftH
f f f w f t w ? fc??, t w w f f ? ?iffttc?? t w t f t ^ w c t t w f f f W f t t t f , Zenker). f f f W ff??t, ^. ôb-; () M. von
f f f t ctcwfctff? t w w ? W i w ? i f f t f t f i ? ffwftftc t f f f Oppenheim. Vom Mittelmeer zum persischen
W? (W)-ftfT^ < 3 'W??1t t S t W Wffsl I cttw? w t t t t c t ? Golf ( W ^ ifeoo 1.), A t . , % i f e - A i ; ( 8 ) i& c t f f . ZG
c*tfwct t t t f t w t f t f ? 'wttww w c t tfffSw WffifCii? f ? ? ^ Erdkunde xxxvi. ( i f e o i ^.), f f f W ff??t, %fefe;(ft)
f W S t f f f t f ? f f i t f t w c t t c t t w t f t f f f t w f f t w I *w?? Streck, Zeitschr. f Assyypiologie. xvii. f . ifeo; (fe)
f t t w t c t 'Wtw? t f f ? cww? c f s a t t f f f ? f f W f i ? f t * ^ Le Strange, f. fei i
WW? ttfrtw? fttfc? 'ipFf f f f f t f f i t ? f f f w I f C f t t f t W t t M. Streck (E.l2)/ctl2 C f W f t f f f t
wiHfi ffTSiprt 8 ^ t t f ^ f t t r f ) (Semitic) t f t t t i ttC i Dr. D. Deringer (The Alphabet % fflN!))-a? tcw?
ftf%C f t w f f f t f f ? ? t f f ? f 1fC5 W ? f t w ? C f f t f f w ^ t o
f t tttff (Proto Semitic) f f f f
I
f s ? tttff W f f f t f f ftf'wtff W f t W?Tttftf ftft t i w t ttlff f t f t
I
ffffftf - fftfftltftff
stiff? f t f s
(CyrilUc ) f f Wtl rttt^ (EthiopiC)
w e t f f ftiff
tfwt, tfwt- fffff f?l'i
ff%t, t?jfa? ? 3 f '3 wtftw ftff
<3^W-ff%t Slav ftff (Etrusetm) ffff 'wi?^ wtrtw ffft
fCtlfftftff alftfftf-
I I
twtfttf f f f f . ffff,
wftt ftfff
fftrtt ; CtttlffTIf?
aaÊf? I
tttrfrftff . wttff? wtt
I
5w?a3FWt (ftft, wttf
fftf twnft" ftlff)
c f t i t r t , 'wttff, f f f t f f t t t , fta*. w i t i w t f , f t t t f f f w f t
^ f : ^ f5T f f t t w r t e I w w w f t f f f f t f t w f t t r w c ?
f W t fffttc?? ct, ttefft f w f t tfc?tft? t f f t w ? fttrr 'Wftft wfttt? wt-'wtfr-a tfftw? aw attit
S t t f t ctt, ^ t r f t tfsrtw ?tcw I C f r ct^r f W t f f t c w csti (tfwt ^c tfct) s
fffwci? ct, Wftc? fift?aiwfttff a t w f t t f t i w Ttc f ^
rtwe? 1
'Wt?ft ?efWW Wtt?t I. .-J. .i:,trtftaFCSlffff . f ^ l wtrft, fT'ftt f f f t f f t f ? wftttct's at a^ wttft
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-at msRs W P ? nm m f m m f mm i ' w f w m nrn-aft Sarrazins dans le Languedoc d'apres les

n s R AtsicA I ( w n fefnffo, Anfp'sfm: m f m nm n ^ < m Hlstoriens musulmans, Devic Vaissette.
wrtftw n f f w t t m e ? (mn<3 w t m n w< ' w f wftmTm:m- Histoire generale du Languedoc--a. ^t., - i f n i b i ( ?
w^Tw) oiiRif, #n, rnn, -sm-a, w^m ( j ) , w ( j ) m n , f n ,
f . . W - a af^ nftmcA; (*) Chronicum Fredegarii: (-b)
nn, ^5Itnn, nn, m'n. f n i
Chronicon Mossiacense; (1) Chronicon
ntf^^ t n n r f f f s r w
Fontanellensis s wmrm nrtftn -^fwmfnw n t m i i f : w.
i) 8 ' w n - ^ m f n w n n mmmm Ch. Pellat, Les Sarrasins en Avignon, En Terre
(Narbonne) tsnew -at mtn wlwftw wfmrwn i -amm =jm d'Islam--a, i^88 f., 8n., isb-s>i i
f n f n n wfwnm mnmfnw tten-s cm n w t m fe-b/ni* mm ED. (E.I.2)/c^rmnwf^
' W f n - ' m i f n t n n f n n n n w ^ wfnmw A S I we,nn nsnw t m
wiT?Rj ^ ' P ^ (f. wtmp mnm 'sm mnm)
ATsmm wnm nfswr^ t t n t f l n i w^nn ioo/nij> mm wm-nifA
t n n mfnw wm-m-amf fnnm t^ mmft nnn wmn i ii-b/n-ss rr<rsnm (g. wmeffm)
-a ncnftmnn (Poitiers)-an f c ^ ^ nsnn m n ( f . m n i f m ^NwPl^l (5_xij^ji)8ffwStaPtmn-aw1tcfmi
emm) mnmimn n w ^ ffs* t n n w f n n - m A m i m n nftw miwn i I cfcftfnw ntnesm 8 wtsenfmrt ( w t n f R m ) fnwt -ajmrm
(Provence)--an f%tw -aw n f f n a mmnn wenn i -at mm c w f n -a n e f ^ w t t i S w n f t w (Pontic) -s nffen wtSnm
mmn n n t w wBHnn tte sfcwnew n ^ wnm mnen -ant S s n (Taurus), -at t f m m tAtew cntn wfnm mffnte? i
fnew f w n wfmenn fn men sfwrrmn wrmew cnm (Rhone) fnsftff ntwj-sfnn nsr?en tm wnfî fst n f n m^sn fnew
tmarwm wwwsfn fnc*m ^m mncn mmn wfnfw.fnmflenn i mnn -aftm nttnn, f n fnew wmrsnrswm -a w t f t n m mnenn
m t t n ws,^-^?, ni%i wtmw mfnenn, ii^/n-sn nen -aRnn nmr m^n-m^nsn f n n (Kura) -a w t n t e n (Araxes, Wf. ^ I)
wfeit ntenn -ant nrncrnn wnemn wnm cstt wfeir m f ^ e n n i nfws n w ^ -awt nnwen, nffn-nf%n fncw nnltw
i8A/s<2-5 ncnn f n n w f n f m t wnn^ m w nn cnfnn fn mS' (Pontic) wnsnnfA, S ^ fncw wcwmn (cnm^ ste tfsn
(Pepin the Short) t A s f t fnnntnenn n n n t t e w fnewn (Rion) -a f n n n f n c s s ffnn tAtew f n w wfsntcA -ant nffn
nncn wtfnew n ^ An i i S H / H ^ - S nen 'wtnfn-mfnw t n n f f " ^ fncw cnemmUfiisis nnfn (ffstm n f n Swt^ -amwt) i cnw wnn
mnenm n w wRnrnrnnrn,f n r s m f f - a m w wrsn nmtm cmt, (Lake van)--an nf%cn -snnwttw (Gordjaik), (mffn
mm Wfen t f n (Toulouse)--an f^Swew nntfww wesn -ant Gordyene, wtffm^ c m A W Bohtan) -s Atwfwntf ffnc^tn
n f a nfnrnn f^m^ mrnnrn n t m f ^ ^m stew ^ mortAm cnt (wmmnw -a wtmfnm wnsn) cwtemfnw fnw fnm wmenfmnn
wenn i AA-b/b-so mm w m -awft wfwnm ntnftw i^ntfln, f f ? ansft w t t ên-3 tm nnm wrsenfnenn w f e n mew m t i
Sm m f o m nnsfn A S , wmff ntncnrn -a t m s nnst wnsn Smnrt -atmen5t. An f ^ s 8J> fwtt f n -antw^tt -5H.<? -a 8i.(?
nsntens nftw n m w n ^ wfsm sfnw, n r ^ n f f w t -at nrtmcs S s s -at f m n n s r s f f nnat wnsnt wrscmnnt -anrwis
ff?tnmen nf^t^ f l n i w s ^ I tAts wtswn wtfmffw fwn m^ n< ff. fn. i
m^nfts ( i ) E, Levi-Provencal, Hist. Esp. Mus., cntftn w f t f ^ witrem -ann ns nsmm fnm nftw, nrms
if., (H. Rm5), tAte asm n t m n l f nf|enf% ststcA -antSsn wjfn w t t wfw mffn -ant mnfnw ftmn fnft nfmînw n
s nesnnm ncm csfn fnfnnm wm mmrsm wtms nnnn n f ^ -a ^tnt w t f s I wcs wfswws n t t f w w wtenn wte?|nfnmn w3rs,ntw -a
ntmtn^ wm ^mcA, (f. b, tfsn A , oo-i -a es, tfwt i), tmenn nrm Sifnenn cwtcs t m s wtffwn nfnnwn mfsw Atsie^ i nfa
nem fn^fnff sf^-sfn ffts-ies Sc^mmfrs ( A ) Codera, tAts S w t - a f t stn ncA i R f f g t m s S w t b o o fn. îêw
Narbona, Gerona y Barcelona Bajo la A o o o f5i.--an nem (tnessin i , b b o fn; wrsn, b o o fn.; f n r n
dominacion musalmana. Est. crit. Hist. ar. esp. few wnf^ ff i , 8 o o fn.; tsff^rwm i,\5oo fn.; tffm bô
(bn)--a; (-a) M. Renaud, invasions des Sarrazins fn.) 1 wrcTtnfffnn Si#rsens wen -amen wTei5n t t f m m
en France, Paris 1836 ( t t Wf. ATSin mn cmi-sntf, (Volcanic Cones)-n f f t t t m c A i -atwfcnt -at cnetn
Islamic culture--a, St., i'ôo f., ioo n.; Affi m -5in n. n e f ^ fmf^tenn f f l t i m e s i nm w t n t e n n f n n f f : n wnf^
ffbb n., (fm, i^-si f., n., s n A n., -b(2-i n.; ( 8 ) A . ^ t mmw (Ararat) [5,205 fn.l, f m n m f (8,is-b fn.);
Molinie -a H. Zoienberg, Invasions des n t m f f w t ^ nncn t s j s m m f wnnw flenn (mm. De Goeje,
tnmf ffaewm
t.fs.Vbl
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198, cf. Zeitsch. fur arm, Philol, ii, 67, 162; Le ffct frit? (Hittite) ttatewt? a?t fC? a t f f f t ?
strange, 183); t?W?R-a? flww fttst ^t (^s,b\xo (Assyrian)-Cf? w f ? r? i f ^ f ? fet f w t f e ftftCf? tfr
ft.); C t l f h W ' (v5,efto ft.); W M f t f ' (o,<?Ao ft.) W F T C t T t f f t t w f w t y ^ f f l t f f ? (Urartian) t r t f a f f t wtf f?1?f
(8,ib-o ft.) m f"<3W fRI R f f w r w ftf^ m iT#J Wt3WI? (tttctct t f f s Wt?f?t-Ararat) ?TWt ffwfljw fCt, C t f writ
f f t *ft?jK? I (Lake van)-a tTO Cfg ffff r? i f?Taft?Cf? titft-<3 t t l
vSTHCsrffW W <RS- t f f t ftttf, ttl f f s , ftwtt, W f t r w ? r ? I a t ttwr a r f f f f t c f ? f f t r o few f t t f i t t i fCf i -fSf? b-t
(Araxes), f T O tt f t t i f t f t f f ^ ftttt 1wt fst f w f f e w t r t t r f c t r a f ^ f f t w w t c f r t ?5W; f f f ^ f f it
f t t t tt t t f f ( W f f f f f a ) att t f w t ftff tt fttt f' ( W f f f f w r f ? t?jft tffff f f f t a f f t r ? f? f t f f r f f f f f t ?
W f T t t t t ) t W W?rt%J f f t w f t stc ftfw I f f w t f t f f ftfa (Cimmerian) a t l t f ? (Scythian)-Cf? wnzpsfct? w?tct
rtttc? tfwctt fttiw t f s t t t f t , t r r w w t w f f t w t f f t t t t ffww ^ w trt *sttft r ? I a t f t f f f t f t f t c t t r o t w
r t I f f t f f f w t r f f s - a ? f f r f t f t t f f t t t f t t wtsT^r? 2ftctl-fl#? (Thraco-Phrygian) ?tfwr a f tew-
c f f t f r c f f? t i f f m ? I w m r a t t f f (w?ft w ? f t t ) Is.l tfettf? w t c f l f t t i n t s t ft^ (Phrygian) c f l f ? f t f t
fttcttt f i t (Bingol dagh) rtf:w ftf r t f f t f f f i t t f t W f f i t a t t trrtcf? ?i tewfsictr f f f f t t t s t t t t t ? f f f t t f i t ,
f f c f wtfw w j f t f r f R S f i t ats, t t f f f t t t f t w f f f w r t t i ^ treiwi t t c w W e t a t t f f i ? w? ?5ct i a t f w ? wff?rfef?ef
f f t f t ? t f t ? tft ffft r?; f ? ? t r t ? ttfwgfct fttf? a f f C t f ? t r a f f f t t (Achaemenid Persians) w r a e t f ?
f t a t t t w f f w w ft?? (Rion) ?5tftit-rf w ? w f f ? f rtc (Armenians) tiet wffft f W ( f f Armenioi) i a t
t f f w f w f t f ? ^ t f t f f f f t r ? 1 f ?t t f f w^fcwt t f f ttet? wf ttft? f t t n w f i i t f t t ^ r ? t t t I f t e t tnct a t
w?wff?t t f t f f f r 't#^ ft f f t t # ? f fttft rtcc? i a t wtset? t i t w?ctff?t (Armenia <y,_, n j i w i f f f t t t ) ^
t t w f f r ftft f t w f w ? ?t?tt t r w f f f i f ffttr? i w t t t t t t ? ro I w f f f f w t t c t f t t t f f w c f t c f ^r?f (Haik) [wi?etf?
w ctf ?t r t r t a t t w f r ^ t w i t t 5W? f f t *tyit? i t t t tH w t c f t f ? f f w w w ft? c?f ffttflcff? f r o f t ^c f ^ l
S f (Lake van), 'W?ffi: t n W 5 fftt S f ?Wf (i,ff>!io ft.) t t w wffft ?5ca a t t winef? c f f c f rrtwi? (Hayastan)
I
a?t W ? # f is.) Cfff w t (Gok Cay) (g.) f ctfttt S f
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w t c t t t t t ? ffri-f# fff?? f a t at?fw ffttw w , cffft
t i t I t r o w e t f f i f t ? tc?i fro f ^r? f t a t cffft? cffetrftf
wtttttt w t t f f t f t ? ffw53 Atîc?, ttrt a c f w f t c f f ^ f?titi t i t - f f f t f i t trsiwwrllf f f t e t a f t c t t f a?t t n ffewt f i t
fat f f f ^ fffttr? I at t f t f t f i t attw tttw w t e t ?
wiwft cfPTct? f t t I w f f f f ff%5fif ?twrtfcra wft t f f t t
w t t c f r a t t r f f f w ? w f ? t t w 5 t f f t # ? ? f i a t f f f t r .fftc
f i t t r o W f f f ? I wracsfftft wraettffc w t n w ? f f f wt?rt
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a f f c t f t f f ? f t f e f ? t t t w f i t i tratfif t t a t i f i t t ? t f t a f w ?
t^sft fftffwwtw w B t r t f i t f t f r? I r g f t f ? ^ wwtw f t a
f t C f f f f f t t f (Satrap)-Cf? rcw w f t f W i. a t fTtf
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S a t r a p - t t W c t f w r w c ? ? f f j ? t e t f i t cfttctlef? f C f t
^ w t t f t f t t f t f t f c t ? wtr f l a t ctb f t t ? fctrsf? r? i
f r t f f t f a f a f w ? f f w ?twf t t f j t e t ? I t n a i t f ? t f f i e t
W f c ^ tfta ftatft t t w t w f t attft? wtft w f f t w t r f f
t f f ? (Seleucids)-ef? f f f f f f ? ffttf t ? i tte?}ff?1 t t t f
f f t r r o I f a c t ? f f s t f c r wtrawtt o,ooo ft.-a? f f ? w t f f w ,
fte? t t t l t w a f fcw w f ? w t t f t f f r ? c?rtft t f f f t?ffww
f f f f t wractlff-cw t r t soooft. ffw fei i
!5tet ( f S f ? ib-fe wtf) f t w ? f t t f ("Strategi") W f t w t
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f w r f t i t t f f t f t ? (Hurrites) ? T t f a f f t a f t ? w t c f t f W?Cttf?t W?wtftf?Tt (Artaxias;) a t t (A) f 5 W f f f f
wttctfff-c ? t t r t fff I w t r i f c t f t f t f f f w t c w - t f c a t f t ? fft?-WT??KR (Sophene Ai|zanene)-a ftftttfftt
f i t w f w f i t ?i I ffft? t 5 a ?ttc?? t t t t c f a t wtettff ffewwt (Zariadris) i t ? f f ?tet f r t W ? c t f f f wr?trf?
tcW-tfcatft? wtfwr wea? t t t i c t t t t t w r t \ wwsf? wtrrtt (Arsacid)-Cf? t t f f t f w f i f ? k b t t f ?Bi i f S f f ftt
t t t t f tfgcftt
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toS.i
mstfi? wtwfwj%?rn7ra n?,t<s nAWt R t s K m n (Tigranes) finmw m t ans wtn-s wtn-e stfw f c ^ w m n A t m m m n i
f t % (Parthians)-wn n m f s t c c n t l k w w m n i i%m f s w f 8ffi t . Chalcedon tfnncn f t t w fnînfA m t n c n f n
f m n ( S o p h e n e ) - a n m f f m s R t s m n ^ w m n ans, R r w s !s n m m n f t m n - a n w n m c f m r t w fnems f f l wen i aob %
m n m f m nn^t w H w R n r r w . ^ W T W wenn i w T n m % i m n nn fnm m f n n f n n m w r m m f n t t w w w nft A n i a t fnems
^wifKf mm w m n n n twin m f n (Parthoan) nf%imn ftwenn - i w j f n s ^ t e n n stmn fnf%w A'sm ne^-a, n r a n m e n f m n
ts,mw w n w a w R f n m n w m m f n rngtwi f t m r w m n a n s fwfn wmcnfntn -s n r n t t n ( C t e s i p h o n ) - a n m w n w t n n c m
a w ' s n ^ f ' f m w t n f w w w t n w m wnf=f ^ n i w r m n f w j n m nrsiSnfwns m t w n A W wfnrn ens i w m r n w e n t ms sens stf
wtnmfn wtnmfn m f n c m m n a t f t f t mcfrwm nmnlf fswwnnft^^stmSct i
a f t wm csTsw n @ (buffer state) n R m s A n i a t f t f ^ n m t m f n n (Maurice)-as t m n wr^m (dh-k.-bo^ f . )
marsfft ? ? mT^n m f f w a w w n mmt amen w f f % w w n m t ^ smntnfstn n r s n r m g r e w r n w*rrfn f c m t stAt wfnm
cmnn wfnw i w w r ^ f n cmncmn ntftcnn w f s r c n t nnfnw t m r n n e n f m n - n a w i t w s t f n n t n wcs i a t m m wmenfmrt
A^cn^n w n m w m aw f f f w f A t c w n ms m t s wfnrn cnn i awft m % s w m S t e m t wen, f w f f n f n f n m ^ n p s f n
mnmnwrcn ii'?). t t e w A A S f . w m m f n e n n m s n w m n w (fffeo-toAb- f.) bo8 f. msnrmftnenn f n n ^ f n n r a f^ "sn^ wcs
enfn m n n n c n w m m f n n s e t n cwm m cwm c w j i w n m w f a nrm toAfe f. t n -wmtAw ttew ans wrewmfn
wmcsifmn mm wenn i wm?-s wrmm wrmenn wrfm-'^wcnn mw (Atropatene)-a f t s l R n m (Heraclius -bio-8i t . ) - a n
cntenn fnnn:^ f c ^ f m t m m w e w n , w r s m w m ? cnmrm:nn stfn^ nrnfnw w f f n c n s msjcn trr t t s i f l n i
mwSnfwns f k m n s s m mfnm n t e w n i wmmfn m f n t e n n ^ nnst mmf t m n s n c n ftt f A . tf%sn A e ^ t , n w n w
n n n n r n t f n n wrfnenn wm^-s wrsenfnnrcw m e n w w m m f n t f s m e s s nem w m f n w n A , mm t s t c s n nem ncntwt wm?i
nrwrenn m m r W S J T A S mew ant wrmm w f n m ^ r f n c t n m n m mewn w m stff:ntffm t f n t w A S a s s S s s - f s f m mtm
^ snatAn wenn i w m c n R m f n n m g t f ^ n w e m n nsrên as^lt t m m t c t n wt-^Rn twrtfn wtnen cnetn nem t ' f w m w w w t fnmw
f n w n e ^ CAfcw n R n w A n i wnemm t m f t n t f t e w m nesr wfnew mew i wrsenfnnm m f n m wtcn =sn -a fnfB^jfiat i t m
f f ^ c w S t f w s t m f s n w n n mewr m n t w A n i o ^ o (. m f m a w t f n n ttm ntwrnfln cn, f n n m n n n n t n ame^ A e ^ t
a w f t fnwfwcnn m s r e n m n n r n r wen fnfnsn i t m nnst wen w t n 'wmscnn a t f s f s t f w cms w m n n w tf%^ t m s f l n
wmenfnnm s/e w s t i a t w s e t m w f wenn w f n fnm'3 i t m n mi a t wmwwwm fcmet w t n w r m sn (Lake van)
n t w m f f t f n w A S m f n ( w t . m f n ) nrnw f t m i wmfnew cntenn wn3cn n t f f (Rshtuni) s s e t s tf%s ff% n m i t m e n s cssg f l n
m e n mew m^mnsn i amen w f n w m m w m w f wenn i wrmn s e n w s f ^ w r t w r n m f e t a n s t m e ^ stntenn m n f l n
m w m f t i n anfnnwm (Erzindjan) m n w f r e n i w m t t e w n f^t-aemn (Theodore) fnfn 'wtsncnn wi^pntwten f s f t t w f n w m
f w i n nn cnrn^s ( n m m n f n ) - n n w w w a t fteon m n n w m asswn w s f 4An i
mm nrf^ (Count)-an fnwt w f ^ A S I SAIT-JS (. t w
( t ) w i s n c n s t m m f e n w r s e n f n m s ' w r s n t t wwns
a m w i f t n m n f n w w s t m n m n enfmn (Persarmenia) c n % t
Wrsenfmrf fnwenn t R m n fntnwtcn wtfnc cten n n m w f S p w m
ntwmn'f w-ow m f n w t t w i w w s t n m f n - a n n n m n w wSnw
-s w m t w m n f f n t t e w A S I cssmn w m s , wmenfnm -s f w
nrnfnw m s n n r n (ivtarzban, f m n f t m w ) t m n t m n w r n
fpmfA A t e w cn n w w m m-am n m w r m s w f n w r s t t t n m n
t f n m n m wesn i en t w t f ^ e w n n t w t f s n m m t t w n n n
R c m f I a t 'Sfnfn n t r n n f n asswn s t w r ^ ^ f t m e n f n t n
wrens f w r f n w f n n s n n f t m c A w m c n f n i&fwmfnw cnfn-sn
fnfn-sn (Bishop Sebeos) w w w sfirs w m c n f n n'Rf a t f c t s
(Sebeos)-an n s m n i t m wwr ' s n ^ f ^ f t f n f s t i w n f n t e n
w m fnsnc^ncA wwj -sn^f4 f-s i a t n^lrnn nft a f t f m r n n
w t m n m , t r s f n w t m n wmenfnnm f s w t e n f ^ ^ ttfecw wmr-s
tfn'^^RiW ftnten t t n f fn-snftmn (Leontius)-an n s m nsemfw
n w n A S m t , w m n m m f t n w m c n f n f % mms t t n fnntwn
A-sm m^fs I a t nsrnn -IJ-IJA % tte nno t w n n n wtenn
m m n i w m c n f n m w sr^ ( N a k h a r a r ) - t n wf^ S t in wens
n t m n f f n f w t t m c A , fnsmmcA tm a w m a S e g t e m m strmm
mn^ A t e w ft%s ^newn w m n t n t cn f c m t w r f n w w t m
fnnnt i 'wrsn c n t w t e n n nem s t t n ^^tens w f s w t f w m - n i m n ; f , .
n t m t w t c n wtew m t t t w a n s m n f n w viisssinens nft mum
f n R -awt w m s m n m m n wtnenfnm-n w f s n t f e n n f n f .ê sfi'S
c t m c m t nrfsen s t r s t t wrmm n r n m n f n wmenRm-n t s f c n n
wmtfn nrnms wesn i
f n w t mmm-n^cnrfmot nnnm f f s i t m n w e n f m w nsnenn
' w r s n t t ns\5f fnfnm w n -s n r s m c w nrnfw nsfnnt<j na
t n m f fwscwm
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t f t t (Theodosiopolis, W . f i f f t W , WT?Ctf? W W t f t f ? , wff?t1r f t r t t ? f f f t ff&ftt wff f c t Oft w f t f c t ? (feffs
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wfra mtwf m-sm mwt t w T s s % t m i ob/ban m m n t ^ wrmnnramn ste mnmR A S w f s w t a ^ n i b wtn%, bso t,
-strfk f'wtfs'm (m) -s w w ' w t f (wym -sjcm tR 'JAI^ wiRjn-ian t s n - f n t n w f csncmfww cwnts w t f n t t (Artsap)
mfMTTt m, WtR w t f m f ' w t R ' m ( m ) -siisciiRîis^s^nsvs- n t e n n n m fnm "wtsncnn stent f f s w A S I
. ? m t T m f t % w w n n w n I f3#tnt>i>ij<iiltfl w i s w R s i witn w m n 'wtsntn ft-semnm n t w f t - e w n f wfnm mfntew n t m m;
ntcn ntcn -at m w # f n m n t m n t m w n ff sissi'tfDiiivi mcstm c n t t t e ^ -bttb f, f m s f w j A S I f m s f c n wtnenfmnn ststn
w % n stnrn ntn i f t m e n 'wtnntn stfw^ t f s s i c s s n n m Atntsim m f n c w i f % R
cnfn-sn atns fnnnn ^stc w t m nra, -at nn n t m mmew (Hamazasp Mamikonian)-ew fnemt wesn i mfm AtC
'wtnn f s s n f A mftn--an cnwcf ^s-^d/bss-sb m e n nfnmtnw wisim (Taron) tn f m n w r a f f s fmfw f l n i fw fnenrtfrnrR
f n m n wfwntenn nft -aw wfnm cwfnmcA c n t ^ f n n f t n t f i n fwn wneten ntsntnftmn--an m^ w s n ^ wenn -ant -bfft-ffb t. ff^
ns,nn mR "^f^^n wnmft m n i fn-swtfnn (Theophanes)--an f f f n w n t t n sswf ntcson ssf^ fnnfcAS w m n e m f f w ^ i
t f w f C S (Chronography) cn w m t f n fnmntn wtm-s -at mnntnffn t t n n c n f fnn f t f t t t c w mes m t i w t f t s f"wttn'm
wtfnctn t n n fnwn wfnntt m r g s t m c A i "wtnn -^fwmfnwcnn (m) 8i/-b-bi m e n fmtnncwn m f n f stAt wntn t n wtnenfmiH
n - ^ W t m n (m)--an m n n wtncn n t n l t w stmt 'wtnn w n t e t s f n w t -aw n s m n w w f A t n stfw w t f t w y s t n t n -s ttntw
mm n n wtncmnm cn f n n r a nramnff?i wtfnm:j sfnrn nra wtmenn w m w r ^ w t m n i w t n e n f n mn m ^ t n -at mfsn
wtmn CWR t c f n cnnn m t , cnfn w t f n f ' w t t n m (m)--an m n n fnrnwtsnn w m n ntAn m n m t i wtnenftn fS'sfnn nc w f n s n t t
w r a wfm&w s t m n f e n -at wm; cn nn n t m nc5 fnf^H tfnnrenn n n n i f i i (The tVIamikonans, The
n m c w cwm t c g t cnm nra m i fn-scmnm nrn^ff wtftn Bagratids) stnn t n t n i t t m n w m ste 'wtmjn-mtnw-.as
. f'wtfn'm (m)--an f n w t w t ^ p m t n wenn -ant -at n t m cwnn t m n w m tn tmnrtcnn w f f c ^ t i n n w i n HSIS wes-t i w t n t e n
cnfn-sn-t msran wenn m t , nnt fn-snnfnn-s'mran wfnnifm?F,' i 'wtsn -^fwstfnwtn wtncnfmrt n m c w cnt fsnnn tnsteA=T mmew
'wtnnenn stmt w t ^ n w m s t e w -amen nfn msjcnn nfnf4 w f f cnm nra, srtfm--an fnwn w m ^stc f f n n t t n ^ r w f e n n t t n n
t f f % w s t wtm s t c n t m wentf%!w n f n m n m s t i -atmen f n m wtfnewfln ( c w ^ , ASSW t i m n (nt)--as f t m w t w
Zeitschr. fur arm. Phllol ( A t . , i i o - i i 8 ) - - a mntfnnm w m stew, ' w t n s t f wm-fnwtf%-n->an w m t n w t n - m f f.
(Ghasarian), "wmn -s w t n e n f f n fst-sfnn n e m f n m m R w m n t n t f f t , w t w - w i n t f t -s t t n n s s f e n n wtfnwrn w m t i s i f 5 s R
nwitnewjn f n f w f n c t n t wenn i f m n new 'wtnnenn fnnnn Ghazarian, f.at., iin-bA, Laurent, f.at., -o-s-b-St: R.
wen^ cnfn-senn n n n t n f n w n-fm w f n w w n EtAnemtr i Vasmer, Chronology of the Governors of
ntntfnnR-'an t n a t lVIuller--s fnwn wfnrneAn (Der islam Armenia under the First 'Abbasids, Memoirs of
im tVIorgen-und Abendland, i t . , Aff^-Atoi) i f w f the college of Orientalists--a, c n R n m w iS>A(f f i t . ,
Thopdschian f^^nw cmnn wenn (Zeitschr fur arm. Obi t . n m wmra) i
Philol, A t . , i o - n i ) I f m n n " ^ fnfnet 'wtnnenn s t t n ms wtncnfnnra 'wrsn t t n e n s s t t n t w p f i^tnrsiw f f n s f A
wt3p;ienn cnnra wtnenfra -s 'wtsn -^fwAtfnwcnn ncm wtfnt -s ncs-s w r i t s -s mft! cwm -aw n f f % n f t f l n i wmt't -at ftc-s
n t r n n f n -awft f n n t f w m m-sm mte men i J. L a u r e n t ^mnn t t n n t r n n r t c n n w m e n fswtcs stffiw A S m t ;
(L' Armenie entre Byzance et I'lsalam, 90, '-ojissiflcns wtncn cm wra-s s n m t i w t t -atmen c t m c m t -s
37 D'-an fftew ^ s o f . s t e w -bffi f . nn <b m wtnn wtui^n fncmA n t f t m t mfww i 'wrsn t t n e n n f n s ^ n n f A ^ nntfsw
^ t n l t w 'sn i -ats mntfnnm (H. tVIanadean), Breves f%nRn5 fnegm ' w t n s t f t f n n w m - f w t - s n t % n f w r A - - a n
Etudes. Erivan 1932 f . (Wf. H. Berberian ww ttnnwten ntnft A S I -at t f f w t fnegtA n n n w m s w m f m s w
Byzantion--a ib- t . , iSs8-b-8b f . ) - - a -^fwAJfw t n t ^ c n m t f w f f fm w m - w t w m s e w - a f t t f ^ t t f f 'SnmmftffnA
f f n m c n n f f ^ - t n f t ^ wesn -ant t f n -at fnnnes t t f t w s n cn, csrst wesn i stsQ -s s***!! n f t e s s t n Aot-'Sb/bî-ffA m e n
bdo f . ns mô m 'wtnn w t ^ n A t s i f l n , n m ( i ) 'winnnn fscgts n n n A S i w w s t n cnetn nn wfwwtw n t m n e w n f wlnm
(tn w t ^ n wen wtnin (Taron) wtsenn n m tnm hso f . -ant cnetn ntften cstnn nmt A S I w m - f f t - s m f f n f m s fsestft fff
wtstm n f m n t n wenn bSo f f e ^ h w w r t t n n wtfnet; ( A ) cssnn w t n t t t s s t n wfnmflenn n t n ntnmnfraenn fsme^ f^ s
-1)8^-8-5 f . wtntnntnmn--an nti fnm f ^ f n wtstrnt tfnmfn A S wrstenn mm stemfSw fnegtA s t f f n t n wntn w m f m s ^nmntftfts
(Persarmenia) wf^'êt; (-s) to(?o f . sfemw^ ^ i m t ff^ n f n nnntn ( m t i m n N a k h a r a r ) - c < T ? i
tnmft fm^csnn
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f f e cm ant nftnt n?.%t wtrtt (wtnff wtf)-cw m s w n i t m cnn, f w f fnewn tspcnn S n n w w - a n a t m m enftm
wtnwtnntg anm wtftn finten ftft nm w n (AS n/wsi-toA) i f f n f s t e w f f f w m n w e s n a n t f s m fnwS a w f t t t f t f f t
wit?ni' t2ftm wtnmnm wt "s^f=f nAtnm nm <>CM I m t t t m cnn ( w t f . 5>in f . ) i f f w t f w m fnme^ fnegtA ernnnt
wrftn^n-tnmt Itnttm tfst ne.nnnjtft ttnnwten wtettw -ttAm w n m s>is> f . t f w m ^ n m r n l t f w w w f f ^ n f A n i w t m n
nwn awt G ffftn n<mM<i Ann annten wn wenn cn, nnmenn S s n t R w t f f w (Sbuk) t f w m m R f e w c n t ^ c Se,ttw w m n
wfcnten nftnn wtn-f'tfnn wtAtew A'Ho/Vb-to-b-'\ ntcn ntnttA S e w n f n f n w r w - a n n f t a w n w i wtnn; A n a n t
Sntft ntnt -^n wesn i fR aw? nnesm nmn nrnntnen nnteSn f s t e w t t A t n t i A Snttnew wfnw wenn i a t S n t t s ntewn n^cn
fnw5 Ale'8 nf wenn i awt nnen nfit wtAm ntt ?nSt '^-G Vaspurakan, w t t c n R t t , - s n R s H awf ntwj w m t m n n
nmmn wenn i t%wm ntt wtetr-an ntcw wnn-s nntn ncn wnacnn S n n w t ^ w - a n w f ^ f f f f w m w w i f n f n w t s w ,
ntt I tfn WtAm ntmw tnnfn wtnm wRcn<3 attntnw wnwt'a Bagratid-enn t f ^ b n n nnten c n t m t m cnn i t f ^ n m
nnwm nfnsmntRw? n^#etRntAwfnen i wtAm ntw^wten S ^ wmenfnnm f n f n w t e t n S n n t t n n fnm wc?n i a t t t e s
"Itftn nnntnnn wfmnfen am mfn nntm ntw wesn i n n n t w t w f c n t SegtcmnTwtcn a t tfnntenn a m w t fnw
wtettw (vtoA-s>o)-an f f m nn wtAm cwr^ f a atnn nnntw wfnntflcnn i w t s e n f n t t n w c n n fnemn T ^ t f w w n -a f s m

(Smbat I) amen ntwf wenn i Rfn nfn<a ftentfew sfnamtf fw^^ftenn ntm, inetnw w t n f f wôw rnnrna; f f f -oiikticfi^ t n
n3f%= flenn, wfs fnntnmwn-an tmntft ant wtrnnntnwm-an
t t f ^ f R t c n f m n ntwj t t n e n n w n m n n e t i w f n w f m f n t A n
m# awfw ?ncnf*fw tfcnn fwtfnm wnm nw nent mnsfj wtsm f f c w n afwinfsn wnrns ttew i
fln m I ttnntftcnn nft ntnen fwfn tntfw An i weness n f f n wtncmnms w t n f f ( S t e n cnf:^) 'm f n f w a m n n
fwnennn nn Ab-to/iys>s> ntcn ntfnn wtn-f"mfn't-an A^cêtn (Vaspurakan t s m n t w n t f f l n Van) t t n n wenn i a t ^ f t
W I ttnmf ttnens nRnmt^ nc& ant wmenfnm aent S^ fAs. ntwj mm wm-s w i w n g ^ ntwj f l n i tsiews w f n w i t t t
wtsF-tnwffenn AT 'ê ftmntw w i fwf ntw ntfn wtmfn m t n t f e n n t t n n w ^ nrnmsi f f f w a m n w f n m f i n i S i s f
af%n <3 Ssn fnew wfnmn wnfnwm aent wfnm wtnenfnntew n f ^ n w n f ^ Apahunik -3 Lake Van w ^ e n tnfwf 'wtnn
wntnw fntmtg wlnm ffnmflcnn i wtwfn (f. ^b-b-/s>oi)-an wtftntw fnmmn t i n i t m r n m f n a n t tîntwtw ^c fnf?^ t i n i
mwt G -AtiFofs-* fns^n ffw-an wtncn nnnfw-an wnft w w a n wmenfnnm t t w r n n m t n t f e n n t R s t e n n n m f n nesft
wfnwwn ntwtff stm Set i f f w Snnfl; wfnenn, cnnn wfnntt c t n s t m n m m i
A S W , wrnfmf (Ardzruni) afnmnew wtmn nen Rwtte f i f n w f f w - a n nnsf t t n n n n e n f s m S s n t f t w t f w t m n
sten I at nfnrnn ann wtcttw-iqn mwfwten mnnrfenn tent (Abas) (5!LS>-(?V5 f.1-an w f n w t t t ttnnwten ntnnmttmn mstwr
WW] tf^fttft tfnw nfnmen tfnnw ^tsiflt, ann fw f f w "wmncnn nem wfnnw f ^ - f n t A fnmmn t i n a n t f w f w t n sfnrn
wtfmfnw s>os> f. at tRnten amn Gagik-ew ttft f f s amn a t f ^ w m e n f n n m wwjen n t n f t w A S I t w t t S s n
wenn i Gagikwtnfmwm (Vaspurakan)-a wtfn flenn i wtncnfnm <c n f f n wtncnfmrm w r m s c n n w t n e n f t n w t n n
tm ann awft tnnnfm tin mm oo8/s>ito oob/'&'ih men (Armenio-Arab) w t f f m w - a n fnme^ t f s ; a e m t wfnew
nffwt fwwtfnn nmnn wfnntflenn i ttew ntm sissi't'Sls fzs'sfnn new, m m t c n t m f n c n w t e t f n
S i i o f. stew f^ wfwntnwicn f f w wmcnfnmn ft-wntw (Romanus Lecapenus, s.iS.-8S f . ) - a n w t f t w j f w m
wenn ant wneten wtft (Kapoit)-an fe< nnmwew wnn^ wfne m m s n i wtmnntnwm-an c t n ntw n t % i w t f n t e t n a w m
wenn i wtn f f w nn wtfn www nfnwT^ An i s > i f. wtnenfnmn ntcnma ttfwm f l n i wtncnfnm f n t ^ w n f | w fnnm
wtemn (Adontz)-an new s>ii f wtnenfnmn ntwt f s m ntwn-an w f n s f A W n t f e n n sisin'Slsens nft w f n s w f^-fntA
afwncw fnwt wr^mn'^n wenn, fnfn wfAtew aw nsnn wtn m f f m t t i n i tw^ wtenn w m wtAtm nnst wmenfmut ^c
wennntmn wtn^ mnm nn wwi-s Rnnwtcn swf wenn ( J s i s f., WtAtenn m n c f n e ^ f f f w w t n m wfnew ( t s n nnfwn t n f n
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( L y k a n d o s ) , n m r c w t ( T z a m a n d o s ) , ntfnnt ( L a r i s a ) , a t mm g. M. Canard. Un vizir chretien a
fnncnrfnnn ( S y m p o s i o n ) sfff a n r f n Snfncnn "^nn w i I'epoque fatimite, ALEO-C, Algiers, i ^ ( i ^ f f S f . )
n n c n i o n t w t f n stm^nncn n r n m n f l n tf%s nnntcnifnnt Notes sur les Armeniens en Egypte a I'epoque
( C a p p a d o c i a ) - n a t nn w ^ n f n n t n w n m fnnrt at^n fatimite, i^, i o (i<(2-<I- f . ) i f . J. Laurent, Byzance
nsen I t w i f c ^ 'wrancnn mmit nn wnsn f n t t n t et les Tures SeldjoUcides dans 1' Asie
f n m f l n i w T n c n % i n n a t ncsn n f w n ^ Rfv nsen a n t c n t Occidentale jusquen 1081, Annales de 1' Est-a,
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f f f t ftfc^ w t l r? ( f . p. Bedoukian f f f ?ftw wfrtcft w t r w t f r o R w r t t f l R f f f t f ? w w r i v t / i s f
? M f ? f , WW Amer Numismatic Society f ^ f f w f e c r o t w g r w wtffw t r s w ? w t t c t f t t t w t w t fftc
fifWff) I wttf ^ tCf att f f f t f ? w c w ? wwttf ftt (Sis) i1(J
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w ffp-ra wfsTTf ^cwiv)H n t n m w ? srwRT m m cn, penetration turque en Anatolic, Bayzantion

fswn'i, mmms wfswtttt fm w m m % , msi^w-onm n#2t 1948; (o) (?tmp. La Syrie du Nord a I'epoque des
A?t I f ? n f f w n s t f w w f mwi'sftn m Croisades, 1940; (8) De Grousset sa Runciman
-olfMS s(s wBFnt nsnw wRc-s AS m% Jn/ifft 'pt% www s t ^ Renews t f w A T n n f A s f f n r e w n f f m
W - c w i f f f (5.)-'-^n f c f n R sTwssets w f w awft f | f % r (Philadelphia)-n History of the Crusades (cntw
f n t t f t w niTWjs T s n 'SAcn Sm wiswfs n m m s mcsw t n n f w ) ; (a) L . Alishan, Sissouan, w n t f Wf., cfnn
fwsitst WR1S w m nnt f|n m i a t n n s s^ wtsenfn f n s m iVtSts f.; (to) Recueil des Hlstoriens des Croisades,
^^cnt wnn wfsm w n M ^fnm nm i tmwn mfswrs?nt stmnw Hlstoriens arminens, i t . , Dulaurier w f f f f f
Yssmmiss Sss wnsn-sfni? ffm nnfw ^nn nms i wnn nn S m s F n f ^ ; nwmn wtcnn wmtm f f t n mtnfCAs w'fw;
S^mf f f f nw%nn nrm mtmmfn f n t a f ^ bfnt-odn ant (n) O. Turan, Les Seldjoucldes et leurs
tnmif wten mtmnmmsftn-an wmenfnenn awft wttew ninfsw sujets non-Musulmans, Studia Islamica, i t . ,
fnmnsm nnwn ftmm tfwtmn mmtm f t m fnffnw smt AS i ii!i(hS f . I
wtm mmsmfnw m w t f ^ n f A mmmmnwm-an Sses w n f ^ (A) ( f ) t ^ n t f wnie^Pist 8 S^mfnn i s t tmfn ctn
wtstmn n f n M amwm f n ^ mm ntm ftffm f l n , wtn ib-t ntcw sttn sisif n-an wfen nf%n wtncnfnm ant nnnf ft
twt% tAts-s wsnrn AS I tmfew f f f n f A t m n s stnn ntfn-an wfen f n wtsenRm w n
sr^tsff 8 (mmnn s H t s f s wfwffi?)g awtrnn twiff stc wes I f m m wneten nnaf wmenfnm, fA'?. s fg wmenffmn
tnt t m f t # nntnn fnwt mtsm tfwmn m t f f nn (fntw nfn Swm amwt mm cnfmfftwten f f ^ ) S t n w w f m
rnms cnt nn mmsn f g nftmtA atnttn cnt'sfnn S t g n wm wenn i t t n n j -a f-amn (Revan)-a w n f ^ tffmn
stcsm I (Erivan m Erevan) ntm Ecmiadzin ( f f wmm Uc
a t nrnfw n f f n n , Tfcnw f t ^ wtcnmm, Syrie du Kilise)-as ntwfn fnntn ant wtsenfnnm ntwrnncfn sttSfn
Nord-a Sfiiffo ttnicA, mms m m c f wicmwt fnc^ m s m ntwmfn *tntneten wf^ wnan wtm fmens wfsf amwt
mten, f . i - i o o I atmen m n t s atenrnt t w t f n Sc^mmtm mtfofln I atwnmStn-wcwPtmnnnMSTmn-a w n f ^ ant
ntmw w m c n f n i&fwAtfnwnenn f n s n f ff?nn nAsnen tmew cwg wfsm f n f f n nfsm f f s t t s m s i f C M nem fsmn
S m ^ t f ^ wm Ates, fm?nnwnm ae-smn nft (Matthew) s bftsttlt I at ffmenn wen fcwtnm-mn-annf%igf^(i cs^^mf,
wîwntm mtw -^fwAtfnw' wtftm-an nsmnfew msAw s fnes ib-Ab) ntm tm nmenn Atew n n f ^ A S I w w s t n ? F t t t at
f g f f ( f n mets assft n f ? s n Skinner-as 'Zwfs) i wnsen cntRcnw fs=siDs wmenfnm fwta (Soviet Federal
ciiwcns ffsfs f c n s f A t wmenfnnm -^fwAtfnwnn nmews Republic of Armenia) stfwtt wtn i at wnaenn nfnset
atmen f g f f ^stmcA i ctcntscns mtmen The History of wtntm ( f f f wttfmt, wmcnRm, m f f n ) tfsmm w n f ^ i
the Nations of the Archers ntm mf ntmfb (Malachl t f ^ f s t w t t at ffsntrnm S t n Asnw f A ' (wt) f f m f n
the Monk)-n cnm nfnm ffmfSw stme^ i tms mmnm s wfftsctn wtfnmn wsm wcws sttnt wfnw wfwnm rnnrn i
WfrnnwRmcAn R . P . Blake s R . N. Frye (Harvard f m e n s f f ^ atment Sm sftnteA i f f , mnm e n f n mfn
Journal of Asiatic Studies, xii, iS.8S)f.) i f A t e n n %n at 'tent fnfnw AtmcA i
fn^ tms s f f W cnnw Akanc-an c t n f (Gregory) i wmfnew wtnn stent i b n b f . mfnenn fnfB n n f f s A S -ant
nsTfcnn ctn ^ t m f n w m wtsenfn mmn awntst Segmmm i ^ i b f . f n ^ Sm fnsmns wes i S i m f stttnfnw t f f m m n ,
cmscmw (Medzoph)-an t m n (Thomas)-an tfÂin sr^ ff?nn w R m t S e m f n tf^nfCAS fnwt stfwjpw nt^mnfCAs
mms w t t % t n wtmff f n m F . Neve nrntf wtnm nfsw f m n w f f f t s cêsj f f t w fsntestw f n m m toft stent ( w f t t
S f f Expose des guerres de Tamerlan w t s c n f n t t w w f whiffs), nm wjm, ffsfmn ( w t m w m tfnse
etc.(an?tnn i v ^ o f . ) - a ntemfww wfsstcAH i m n n f f c f s f t ) , a s c n ^ , A m f w , f n s n m s f n m s n t f s i mntcts ntfwtwcw
w m enfn w r s f n - a n wmiewn (Arakel), w f . M . F . at 'gf^ wt-awm wtm A S mt mm wtenemn ntcnw ffrtenewn
Brosset, Collection d'Auteurs armeniens, i t . i w t t f l n I ^ t wtmnrn ntcnw fnmesw (fnfnfnm m fg wtnenRm
wt*|fnw S M i s f 8 (i) J. Laurent, Byzance et les Turcs at t f t n f f n w wef)-an w t t f f n m wfnm Smews ^ R n
Seldjoucldes, 1920; (A) Cl. Cahen, La premiere ws^wm^mti
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?R%tf%WTft f t w r ? f W WT?wf? RWSt #?w a f f t fitw?tt? ftfw a t cwjii ? t w w w t f i t I (r) ftfw^
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n w t c s n fnwt ste S ^ t f e s w i w w oi!tR>i (Avidis)-cw ibto.n f . tAt tjtff?t tftw An I wtfwfnn mntnenw flt^m wcwttn
fnntfn wntn wgenrnn nt wesn i fR wntfnwcnn, stf fi^Finiif Atew wttw a w w T wtscnfn I
flenn i enent^ mfêw n n n n t ^ f n w t e n ntimn wnt A S mt a t mtmn>aft f f n Rn!enn fnmn^t tfnf|fw wtnnenn wtnt
ntnfn (Bastille)-a wtntnt wnt AS i ffn nrtfnen i i i i % m w^stw ftnten wtw wen i tRttcn w n t t t t t w t f men f n f m t
Itentent enttn f n ntesFtnt (Francois petls de la ttAnn f>*iwtn A S I wwf sjf*ew< cntn nnsfn w t m Snwtfnc
Croix)-an feA f f i n n n wenn i a t a w t n s r a c s t f t t n n ann fw^ entewn nem-a sftn Snttnm ettifn ffiêns f n ^
wtnen%n mntntnt n^ wntn fnenn nt wen i ntannw ntntnn sf^fnw s t m Set rnmrnfln etffwtwwten mtn,
ewntenn >atfnfnenf5 (Guilleminot)--a awwn w n t f annfw f n s f f t f i ^se^ wtncnfncns fnntwn assn^ciis
n@f I ffn i b - o o f . wjtnftwenn wnr awft 'jnw f M e w f g w ntmew cm w f e n ffsw A S ( A * c w f n t f , ibs.0 f . ) , fsfwg
n t n t n stfwtm wfenmn stt^ An mi ib-toto f . Mgr. Hsasun ntwcBn n m tnm tm wfwntft A S , 'srafn n t m m t , ff?^
nnst S ^ n t f mgtewtn wnt (nPtlnsi's! w n f n w - w t n e n f n S ^ wfsm ib5(?-^to -a iô5 f . (wtmm) is>iQ- f . in f f ^ f c ^
nnntww Sntfs stAn wxnn i f f f n tewtfen wnttfêntnn-an nnn tm f t e t ctfcA 1 a t n n s n f f n f f f . nnwtn www
Patriarchal Vicar atntflenn i il-siciif Jicîs S t n aewn t n aw nnn f f w stemt wm A S I iJô
wtnenfn fnestAnfess wtnn Rnten cwtf fnnn>afnew fnent f f e ^ wtnenftn f f f f ^ 2 is.ii f . f n e ^ cafframt
wnt ntn? R s n t SATS f t n ftwntnenn cwtn fnensnt f l n m i (Treblzond) anffjwtn (Erzlncan)-an t f f n fnw^
cnnw Stnfnfn (ubicini, f . sj., At., o s n) fnffstc^, antwtn nnetfww s t m f t f s (Bolshevised Russian
f n c ^ nnwtenn w f c n n w n w t f w n ncm wtnenfnnt Ate^cA Front) snn fntncnn ten 5inwcw%T nnsnn w f w t f t w
ann,awft wtfw ntAtenn wfnwttt T f < wtn f f f e n n T t f a w t wtaenfn tnmnnewt ^ t t ^ wngmn stfwA wmn mtf
ntAtm cnt nn m < n t n t n n w m wwj nemcmf f l n i wtn stew As-i f f f a t ^nmnn f f f e n n fnwt t m f e w a s t ^ f f
enfn Victor Berard, La Politique du Sultan (An f t m m -stew ffmfww A S I f n ? S f n , is.ib wtffrt wtnenfn
"wtngn-Aifn), ibs>n f., % i8S> i n n w t f wmptfCA a n t - f w stwiwean nft m ^ (Batum) nf% igfe n t t n n wen 1 is>Ao f .
cnenewrfn ( M a c e d o n i a n ) - c n n nft f n m w t e n fnwfTpt wtmn t t t t aw wemffs f w ^ wnntnsnrf tnsnt
wtnenfnnnew nnt ^ f w r - t n n f n w n , ff? w t f w i n t f t f s wfnmnw owmenn wtfnn wtm ntff'n ttttew S ^ - f f
wtsenfncnn w n f f l n wtnnnfA tne^ ^ ^ s(i) f f f ntttten nntfnntnw f f f ^ wenn 1 w t t m w (Tashnak)
ntnwtffs (Circassion) tnntffenn fnnf^wn -a f^tntnw wtsnn i^snewttf^ 'ntf^ wtnenfn stwtwgi'-an t n m n t f t f fnntn
ant WtAtenn ft*tf5 ntAtwtfnfnw wrnwntn; ( A ) S ^ n t f tntfww A S a n t A t ^ e n ^ , iSAo mtnet wtenwwteatetttnn
wnfwtncnn wnesnt ^ nnfnw w f wtmnwnn; ( o ) n ^ stentsm, (Alexandropolis) f f f 'sn?? (Gumru), wtfffw ntn
ff?nn wfnnt i J s i ^ f . -ste tAts f p r t ; ( s ) ntntnnw a t R f f cnfnmwtn (Leninakan)-an nf% -gf^ ' g f f t t w ^ Atfnnfw
aw wtfwn nem f ^ T t f n w t f f w ntAtm fftftn attftnwn ffmtw ffstsnfAew wfcmnn wen 1 t s H nem n n t e t ^ 'smff4 f l n
wtfwsfnn wmwn nfnm nn w f f s ant aw nnen w wtenn w m w t f t t s n fHs^^siis I
m n s t t n n etn wfnntfin, ent wtt 'smn wffst At-^ftt w f f s , sTAtif s n w f n wtm ntn. f f ? W wfnm f f f wtnenfn tfsnw
lannff w f w t n antwt f|n w t f s m f n i S n t A s t ^ t , n t n f n cwtn nsmsft C W H t r m w i mntn mt (wtnenfn wtmn nfsw
( n w n t n fntsntnff ntn'wtt-an nwntn Rntcnw-a w n f ^ ) - a n s w t s f w n t r nftstcA) est n w n wctittn f f f r m n nftmcA
wcwn ttAtft wfnntfntn, Atfsn (msntn nitnen#=SaimbeyIi, cnt'sfn-a W W ] t ^ t t w f i 1 i& n n f n nsntew ann n n w t r
ffAtn-an m s f n ffrtenw-a) n t f n (wtfnnewtn= Kabilcoz, nfsntcA ntAtn wfswtttt f s c ^ S t n nfsw mmnt n s m n f n n3!a
Siirt-an nwntn Rntenw-an w s ' f w ) ; ((f) f n f f nnnfCAs c ^ wts c t t m-am ntn 1 R s n f ^ nsmnff Scgtemm s (i)
w,tnt, niAt w t n w t n ff?nnwtcn Snr ntt stAt wff; cnnn Amedee Jaubert, Voy. en Arm. et en Perse, 1821;
fitwttj fnntentew A S w n wtnenftn w ^ n t g wtstmt ant ttntwt (A) Comte de Cholet, Arm. Kurdistan et
(Galata)-n wnffw S ^ m f mttw wnemn ( A ^ w t t ^ , i b s s ^ Mesopotamie, 1892; (o) Andre Mandelstamm,
f . ) I s n n t f t m n^tnmf f n f R t n e w n m At w r t m w f i n La Societie des Nations et les Puissances devant
(Tashnaksutyun) 1 ftnstw (Hincak) mnw awft wfnw le probleme armen, 1925; ( 8 ) Aghasi, Zeitoun
n m t ^ n n t i n i wtfffn mmnenw (Avldis Nazarbek) w ^ depuis les orig. Jusqu'a I'insurrection de 1895,
t n m f ffsesnn
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Contents
wt?w%t W1?W%T
Wf. Archag Tchobanian, f t w t , Victor Berard, t t t f ?tCt WTtWf?-?it (ftf?t=Karin) WCt t f f f F

1897; (<t) L. Nalbandian, The Armenian f t f f t w - a ? c w w t f T w w f ^ f i t a t t t t r f i e t ? wwf?? f i t
Revolutioary Movement, ifefeo i WfWBrt rwftftcs? ti?v5f w t w ( r t f f , wttw, w t t f f , - a r t w f fsft) i
f t ? 2tp/5iMHf itrnr? 1 t?w t i a <ic?fn;u t i t f c f t t w a t ffwt WfTs f t f t ? f t t rte w w a f t t ftwct? w f t f
r t t s (fe) Le Traitement des Armen dans I'Emp. t i t I w t ? a t ffwt ? t ? t t ? f ? t t f f f s iff f i t (ftofe
Ott. (ifeiff-ifeife f ) , Blue Book rte ff. Viscount WP#tfr?-a? ftwt) a t t r r t f f t (Maurice) [ftfei '^.l f f
Bryce-at fttWtr, ifeife ( 1 ) Rene Pinon, La f t f f s , ftf t f t t f f t r 'wt??fet? w f t r ? f i t t t w t t t t f i t i
Suppression des Armen, ifeife %; (br) Les a t ffttaR wtfCttfW f t t (prima), f f f ? (secunda),
massacres d'Armenie, temoignages des f f ? (tertia), b f f (quarta)-'a wt??tt f f f s f f r ? ,
victimes, f f t f t G. Clemenceau. iVfefe %; (fe) ffsf a t r ? t c f ? t e r f f f f g cww? c g f f f t r t t f r ? cwca
t t t f W o - t t t t t - t W i t t t f f t t t t I H f , t W I f t ioAfe/ifeii, A? " w r o t t wwct? f f f t f t t t wctwt a t t w c ? ffigr r t r e ? ?
ts,, ib-8 t . ; (io) t 1 ^ tMt, f t f t t tMt ttt%?tttt tw-stttttft, c?, a t f f ^ f f ? ?Tttri ('wt??ct? ffwet? te? cigfwtfrcf a f
twl?t iorVifeofe, '^b-1. I f? fftrtet ffttw f T rt?if?t) a t ttttt? t e r c f t t w a r
J . Deny r t e tie? i w f f f f 'wt?? i^tfrtff f c f i t t f t t t f f f s f t ^
o I ftwt, f W t t , WttttTt, WffWI, t l f f f f f,tW 5tT w t r ? tcw f f w t f t ?ft?ie? i 'wt??tff f f w e t ? a f f t
t t t f (Table) ffe^ f w r t t s ( i ) wr?ettfw-is wr??f?
ftwt 8 c t w f f w f5trf?ett f t f f t w wi?ctfwn? witt ( w t t w t f r ) - w w t t f W f T w t a t t f ? f t f t w ? (ff?^sw?)-a?
fttf^ f c t t f f t f f f r t t t c f , w t at w c t t a W f t f t c f ct t t w t t t ? f f W t ; (r) wt?etftw-r 8 f t r ? (wMr Georgln); (o)
wt3ct ftww f ? i r t t t f i t , w r t t w w t f f t t f f t t c f w t I wftt Wt?CtffW-o 8 C f # ? f R Wl?etffW w t t r t f t (Dwin),
f t c t W t a c t f t t t (H. Geogr of the Pseudo-Moses W f : ^ ? (Vaspurakan); ( 8 ) wt?etffw-8s tfwt-tPbt
Xorenaci, 606) W t t t f t c f w t t wsct f t w f C ? ; t W wt3t t t r fftw (Arsamosata), f l f W t l , wtftt
C t t - W t f (Mez-Haik) [ f T ^ WItCtftW] c t t f ? - W t f W?#f I .
(Pokr-Haik) [fg WttCtftW) l f W Wt?fCtftW w f t f t w f f f f 'wtt? c t t f f t ( w M - f r f f , rf., iftfe f.
Wl?ctftt1 t f ^ fW t f rte f t t f t (Kur) t f t t f ^ f WTft-ffW, W f ' f ^ , Ob-1=WTt-W'f f f t W f , Ofe8, (t, i r )
wt3t t w f t f f i t a t t f w iftft t c t c t ft^ f i t I f g wttcttfw? f f ? w e tftws5?ftrr c t t ftwct? f w ?et? w r
wmctftw f T t f rte rtftt (Haiys) t f t f t t t w ttf wtt%ff?ie??^s f c ? f f w t t t f i t I t r t ? w w ^ ^ w t s t t f c r ?
t i t I w i ? t t t at ffftt wt?ctftw t W C f ttf^t t i t (g. W f , t t f w f ? t rte f f t w ? r ? , a t f f w e t 'wt?ctffw-r-cf
i t . , rô, io), a t t f t wrtw wiwsft, w f t wtwtftett t f i f t c ? ?it c f s r rttic? I
te?T f t W f f f f wfw fttt fffe ffw f t t f ftt^tttt wtett. f t f - t t t i f wi?ctffw? f f w t t f r t ^ ctt^ H.
t t l f f t t f wtaett w t f ? t f c t wt?ctffw w f t f w r >S^ttH Gelzer, die Genesis der Byzantinlschen
( f w r , wftetftw), wt?rt (wttcttfw)tt?tm ( t i f T - w t f s r t ) Themen Varfassung, Leipzig itrb-fe (., f . fefe a'
f f f t t f t f s f c ^ w e t t t t f w awttt f r fff ftfe t t c f i a f t tfe? t t t f P T - a ? w c ^ t t ^ t (Lipsiae ib-feo (.),
f C f W P i ? tffrtfcs t r t f f t w t r t ct, w i t c t f f r t ttrett xlvi t . (twt. E. Honigmann, aFC?tt ifeofe (., w t t r
tft f r , f f c f t f f f r f t t t t t e t ? f f f c w tsftct? trttte? f f t f f
Hierocles, Synecdemos, 'J. 8fe-io) ^s wtt? fCt? WW8
tw?t w t t w . f l t I wi??tt frs? w w f f r (wi?ffwft-f?w) Ghazarian in the Zeitschr, fur arm. Philol, r t . ,
Wtc ftctt'olct w t a t c f ffft ttrtet? c f g f i t ffw r o i - r o b - ; Thopdschian f . f., r f , dd in the
(^tw g.) I f f f f t (Wftt wfww) wsptcf w r w f g mitteil,, dessemin for orient Sprachen, ifeoft (.
w ? e t t f r ( w i ? f f r f t - f f w ) f t 11?? r t - a f i t (ww. De rt., i l , J . Laurent, L'Armenie enter Byzance et
Goeje, rfeft) f t w t f c t t f r (wttrftw wttctffw rct)-a? I'lslam, rfefe f. R. Grousset, Histoire de
^ a f f f w e t ? f W f e g t ftfttc??, wt? Tr r t t w w f t I'Armenie, f . rfe i
î?ctftti ( w t t f f f t t f t - w f f w ) ?ft8 w?cttfw. ( w t ? f f f r f t ffttf 8 'wt?tct? Wttet wt?ctftr? w w w f t w t f t w f c f
fttfwf) I w w f t w f ? (Dwin), ttW'SW (Nakhcawan fteftwte? c t t ^ Ghazarian, f . f t . , r t . , ifeo-rofe;
ttwf ftfCftt
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Contents
Thopdschian, % At., iAo-A1; Laurent, % sf., f f . i ntf "cws nwifnten ( i t . , AAA, Wi i A ) , wtnesiRitn emt-nw
f=T a t ft'ait f t f awft '^tw st(?Tf ftnftt t f t w ttrs Wfm wtttem mwtn wntn f l n i tmn nem wtnten n f n f e s t
mt, nst mstms mtmsmmsFR w t m wiftstn nfto wf%g nwmian wntenn nttit f l n i o o o (tmjn-'wtw'^) i wtnn nmfct
prtm?m w f m At^KA 1 me'#fw mmtwwf cwif^m w t m m#) wtnenfnmn nntemm -smff< t A s f l n , nm m f n (mfn), tm
mmntw t f m t w w w f n f s ; Atewn i fwfn tfn-smf fnfnn nnwtenn ttnnews ftnten t f ^ t e t n wntn ntwmfn
(Erivan)-an n f f c t w f ^ w t m ^ n f n fnwSwif m f n nfnw ffnm mnn wff, t n f at nntn tmn wmntrnts f|n s t p i
f t m nm wRwn i fnnmnmn Inwran fms a t t i m ttnm m f n nwmtn tm -awft wtjtw stm mt wtn f f ^ nn i tm mwt-s
mnnmn-an n m ^ f l n i sftmf^ mnnwwtn stmn wtw f|n n f t t wif Witt, t n m i f .wten wtnmn wtn-ntn (anenntn) ntcn tfnfsw
s w o T s f t tsFmn w n ^ t Atew m t f t r w nnt wm I a t wtnet An; wtnfftwm (anfffwm) m ntmrnmn (mnfnwT'=
Manazkert, mfswi-), ntnfn (fntnfn), wttmw (f^tmw),
wfAfn wfen.awft n t g n t f t f f l n i a t n t f t f m wtnoffnntest
f l n wtm ntA, nnt wtntnmnwm (mmm w i n n i s f f l n stnm w t n f t mmsm (wtnenfn Nakhcawan), wtf s wtsn (ftw
nnn)-a f l n i mtnfîw mnnwwrew ntnttfn wn, mwm twjifn ^ t w fnn^ g.) tAnnfA f|n i tfwttetn wtntn f t f n
nttnntn wtmtnn mtmtn wmnw wfntw s t w i w n f t t t t t t n wm. w t n e ^ t t fln wmnttrts stmn wtt; f f f mfn, wtfwtm -s
Wfnntt w r @ f t stmntnn nftw fnwtnntw wff wfnw m i a t atsit wtnnten w n f ^ ntsntwt wnnten wnf^ fwwfm sfwfw
mfnf WtAtm mfwm mn -îfn cnt fwf mn st^n fnw& (wtnmfn, ften t R t t f wtnn Stfnent fln i at nwn Stfncnt wtnn t f ^
t t t t n <3 mttntn, Ifw Archon "wtnf ntwfw=Patrikios) i Sfsm ntft f l n .1 at nn ms n tstns mfAcn-s fnn wtns
i ^ nm m g t t 'wtnntnn wtamctn t n wtmcnn n w n wfnwtn Stwtfwn nnfw f|n 1 wtnn wfjlf atmn wnstnn ntsi
W f g met ant wrmenn w t t n w t t n t t n n tfnncn a w nwn Strttmm nfft-tf%tn wtnnfnw amwt (wtnmfncnfiw wtfmn);
m f n w f c m t wfnew mew i 'sitm ntn s t f n sfcwjcwt fntwn cwm nf^ttnn (wtnenfn wtm^fnw), tAts ntwmf
ntmsfwnnA wtsf mnw ffmtw Stwtfwn awft mm-Wff fnslaw
wtnmfenn w t n n - s t e ^ t f ^ - R i A w n ^ c w t n n ; t n # f n n m ^
^nmntfsfn awft nn nnnntA wfne mm fln I f|n I wrm .ênn Ssn Stfcnn est ff^ n t t i w amwt-s tAts
tfwttctn mstcwra stentnêsn nem wtncnfnm ann awft wf% f l n I atnn f n R n Stfnenttn ftwt m t n t f
wtsn ntmn ffnwn tfnfnwwfcnfnfnt wm An i fnfgstwten3 wn (Bagratid) stwf tin ctttcw w^Sews mtn 1 cwnrn tm wtmenn
(fwfm, mntw tTifn, mm f ^ w n twiffn)-an tfnne s.n Rewenn wê^'lifff,-a ff|fwn wntn f l n 1 (fnetnwten gtm,
t w t f n n5 ste a t wnscn fwtwtwf t ^ m n t t wm An w f t t atnn S t R n t nmcw Thopdschian, f. sf., iji.08 f., At.,
wtnemnmnntisfmne'tn awft Rfnt wtewn w f w t m n wfne st i iiff t . ; Markwart. Sudarmenien, ffoi t . 1 ion
t f t ttmin wntfnn cnt mftwt mnn wfnntCAn wtm f5tmwtcn tm% WtAtenn wnfR n ^ g. M. Canard, Hist, de
mffctnn wfnw m j ^ mm wm 'nnt w m t m cnn i S ^ wtfnwrn la dynastie des Hamdanides, 471-87) 1
Rfn Scsit wfnnteAn, iev-no/nnff-vto nnnwten wtncnfnm ^nfttt t w t f n n=%i-tmf n ^ - f f f^nfCAs tn
Cwtnntctn fn^wwn w f wgnten) stew aw cwtft fstt. m ntf^ -3 msm wtscnRtt wtsen wfswts wfmwtf5f wfftit wtffm
fnnsm w f t aw cwtft mwt n ^ ^^,gntw-an wfnw ntw? wtntn ncn ast iJ>i8-iv f f e ^ f ^ t w ttnnttfnw t n t f - ^ f n -s
st I tm W f n f ^ s e m n ( w t d t , msn tTtfn) mmen ntw? f f wisenfnm fsntw w R f I n I
wtmn wm ^ i f "ntntn nfntfnTen Aos-on/b-is-eA -at , ( i ) tmff wtnenfnnt % wtmfnmn wttaenn ncm fgwn;
niiswicn twmswtn ntw? wtmn AtsicA wnfnw nnst n ^ fnnrnn tAts. wtnwn Sftn iff,000 n^ R. fn. 1 wenwft ma cwm tms
msj I wmentetn cnmn Smmt -s wtsmfttt wwj nwwmn nft wf5; tm csn ^^%1-wfscmnnfn awft ntemwn 1 ntwJnRwmen
nf^mjA t t n n wff:n i cwnn f f w t n n wtRj-ntw - ^ f n ntnn tm wtntnmnwm stenetn nft fs^ r -tf%n fnew tm wjtn-an f f
wfnntflcnn i wtffw fnnntfn m t c w enfn A. von Kremer, ffttenwew wfnmcA, t s f S ^ ntf%tn fnew f t f f m
Kulturgesch. des Orients, it., oS-s, offbr, otolr, o s n ; w t s t ^ n f sftn inff R. R amwt ^[f^fntesn wtst wffwcA
Ghazarian, % sf., A O O t . ; Thopdschian, % -sf. (i>>o8 wftt wtntntw (-s[f ftAtw)-an f n mnent ^ê ntm Sfmmn
f . ) , At., i A 1.1 wtncnfnntew w t n f ^ t ^ - s s f # i w s n i (-Sff mn) t w I stmn tsn ^ (Khoy), tm mffs njtf
Srnnrfenn t t n n wtnen enmf^tntcA, c^mm f n A t e ^ t f S t ^ (Maku), I f f (Gors) -a Wttm (Marand) sfwR Scatemm
wnt ^5Sme^ (a.Thopdschian, At., i;i,n t.) i - t A S nttmtA 1 msHtwfcn t s t f wtnenRrt fntwn wtsenfnmn
t n m f ffitcwm
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1o8
mtfTOH ( V a s p u r a k a n ) N . t P l f f a M ? ) strtrt? f f t s i t ? t t t r r f t f ? f W f t t ? e t ? t? w?ctffwew ctt fit? ffawt? f f t

tft cstftTfit wf%g I w f t f ^ trw? twrr?-a m w i a w f ? r? a?t t r ^ - f c f f f w (wfwr, w?C5iffw wr?r?wi?)-a?
w ? e t # ?%rn:? i at wwrf ^[tw (5.)-^ w f f r f ? Wftff t?fTe?? w t f ftwe? ctt t?w? f i t f c ? , f r t w
? i f ?? r r ? i f e o e f attt Wr w?r? f p ffff r? 1 tffffwwfc? f f c t ? ff?ro f f t e r t f f f r c w w ? w f f f f r t
(r) t ' f ? w m f f w s i s . i 8 - i v -^.-a? fwrg f w fc? I fff f r w f f e t ? a?fftwf? <3 a?e??it (cf^rf-w^,
S w r f f w fwwi? f w t - f f t t w t s f t t r t l i w a??, t r ? ifeib-) <3 f r r ? f f f t ( r e afStt) t t t cifftcw tre? w t 1
W?? W? i , o o , o o o ??!ft. f t . - f l t I t?H <3 w ? m f t m f Brest Litovsk-- a? fffw "gft? tc? a t t ? t f t t f f l t 1 a t
aww t r ? w w f t f i t , f ? w ? fftw t f t r ? ( A i , m ?< ft. ^ w f w?ctffw te5F f t f t vs W f w r ? ( w f c w ib-ib-
ft.), ?n?t ( i v , i 8 s . ? <ft.ft.) r ^ t (fe,s.ife ? <ft.ft.) t f w WW f f t e t ? t t e t f|ty f f e t ? w t f ? f f f w c f t 1
?tWPifr fr'fftt t r ? W W f ^ fit 1 W?W ( E l l z a v e t p o l ) ^ - f C f f ? t?fte?? ffff%? t? a f f t w f ? w t t e t f t fwfwg
^ ftfft WWITR? f w t f % W ? fWttfr a?t f^l*rt (rb- ct, ifeiv) t f i w r t e t Wfcsf? tft (8 f t , ifeiv) r r f r
( K u t a i s ) WWfl? ff>a? t % W t f ? f wtsett W?W% t ? W ? tffbw ^ 'Qf aft^sr? vs c t f ft^sr? a w w t f w f w ? w t t c f
f i t I f f ? W f f t W ? t f t c t w f i s t c r t T fr? r f t 1 t r a?t w?fft ? 5 % W f c t f f r w t 3 t f f ^ w r r t r t w t ? fwwet?
? t c f f t t f t t f f w i f o f t f f t w w r w ' Q ? F ff fr? 1 t r at t e t j wtiwtft f f f r t ? I w w s t ? WW t? ?trRe? f f c t ? t r w ?
tret? r c w ? f T w r f ^ f i t ; ff^pft ?iwj t?wc?? f t f t t t f a?t f p t (Mudros)-a? f w ff?ft (vso welt??, ifeib-) F T 1
Wfttftt ( A k h a l c i k h , g . ) <3 W f f t fttTf ifeife 'sfîcR? 'QFCW wt?etf?- t t t r w f r f wTcttswrsnetft
(Akhalkhalaki) 1 ( c t f f t f t ? ) vs ff?t f f f t t fc? a?t w t f t t f w f wt3t t t r
ffff r c w j at w c t ? w s i w t t f ff ttftiiit?; wfffwjf w f w r ? f r w ^ f t r w f t t r wfr?tt?wt?-a? tftw w? r^
WT? r? I ffafff: f w f i-feô f S f c ^ w T f t t f w e t w?etff?
Cf5 f t w c t t t r ' Q f f ff a t t fff? f r ? w ? w r ? a f f^
t r r t f ? f t e ? W t f f W I t r f t t c a f ? f t w t w t ? ff 1 t r f w t w a f t f f (defacto) f f f t WW fC? 1 ffe?t (Severs)
t f t ( i o W t ^ , i f e r o f j . ) Wftte? Wfttw (dejure)-vs ' [ f w
tftW? t t f t c ? ? w f t , wr? a f f t f f w t f a f W tt?ctT?
W W f ^ f i t I tftw? i b - ft. ft. f f % C t W t f f S W f ? C t f ? C t ?
r? 1 wftff c f f t t c B ^ ftt?-a? t t j f w f ? a t fifwfwmf caffcr^
tf? Cfcg t ^ f t W f f t ? ( E c m i a d z i n ) - a ? f f f t w w j f t (Trebizorid) affffWtf, f f , f f w f t , wn? f f f ctt t t w
Wfr<3W? (Nakhcawan=?tW<3W g.) WW tft^'3?t?-a?t fit? wt3t fw? f f rtttfit wrt fff^ ^ t r t c f 1 ft?t f t w w
w t ? c t f ? t f f r e t , a f f f f t fffw? w f f f t f wtet?5Wesfetft ftwt-a? f f t t w ? f t r ? fW w? fc? a t t w w f f c f
(ffff? ' S t f G u m r i ) ib-ib- J. t f w a f f t 'S?5^ff f t f w ff cttff Cilt t?fT? fttt? fCtsfPT t t t fe? I ? t ? t f W ?
a t t wwgt? a t ? a f t fre?? t f t t w r? WW t t f f f f e t c t f t wtctfwfîetttt-a f f c t ? fc?f t w ? te? w?eff? siwfwa r
ffca? WW fffft WW ?pe? I t f t W e t w e t t t ( E l l z a v e t p o l , ffct??, ifero % f f f f f t ift? f f t f r wffew r t t r? 1 f f r
f f f f ? W ^ s g.), w r f f w r t a w t t ? w t f f w a t t tftff a f ffft vQ wt?Wrt?-a? f t ? ffewct? w f f w ? W f ( ?ff?T
f t f ftww-a? r w t i f f?w?t?-a? fww fr?, r r wittciFT aftvsw?-a? t f w t - f f k t w?ffw t f f ? w t 3 t c f w w ^ fC?
ffafc?w?f|wi a ? t W f t cwtet ct, w f f CbvsW? (Nakhitchevari) wtatCf
(vo) f # f w T t e t f f W s w t t c t f ? wfca? f T 5 ? w t f WW W f s f t f f w Wfwt? tftg tfttw f T ^ f I a f t ffe? W f t f ?
w?we? ft?w w t f a f a fftw t w t w r? w r ^ê<3 siwfa tfftfw ^ c t t f f c t w t w w w f t f s f w r w wftetftrc-
tf, ffb f w ?tt? t f t w f f c t ? f?T?^ fit a t t ff5?ff tfttw r? 1 attte? fe^w ct, t r t ? fff ff? f c f attte?
fttic^'otijA tr? 'iW'g-<5' fit i R'of t, a?et?it, W f W f t - w f ?Cttffctwff fttff t f f t t (Pro-Soviet revolutionary
( t w t t ? wt twftt E l a z i g w f t t ttffo), wn? a?t tft<3 committee) tfiw rtttfit 1 i f e r i % t W t f f w f f - f f
w t f f t e t t f f r ? ?f?5?, t f w f t w? i,b^S3,(ôo ?fft.ft.aww 1 f t t t v3 wfftrf?-a? f t t f f e f ? w f f w ? w f c w t ? fc?, fff
trt? t t f f f f 'a?^ff fra'sfti fit f "vsfft, a?e??it, wit?, ^ f - ^ t f t - c f w f w r ? f f f t w f t ?5e? 1
a?ff-j'STI?, Rvof t, titfo, ff AS titiflf (g.) I ^ Cttftetw t w w w f l f W t C t f f W fWtwa (The Soviet
t r f , f f <3 f f W f f f r mm f t e ? r w ?w Socialist Republic of Armenia) aft'Stt? vg f ^3?t?>rf

w w e w t r f w?etftw wfw w t ? w t f f c ? ifei8 atfw a w w ffw w f f f t ? f ^ f c ? , f f f f t r w f vg wtcbssttt, W f ? f
tf??w? t t t f t w r ? 1 i f e i i % f C f f ? ?tT5f? r t c w ^?Ff? f t ? T r t (Nagorny Karabagh t r f w j f m f t ) - a < !
ttwf f f f C f t t
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Contents
WiSCSlfmiT
TtrrattRs wnan nttcssntn-as m w t r f n w wnan nrm ( n r s n t f t n wnacn, wmnn fnfnm tfnen wfwntnens fsnncmi
cntfeor nnrwrRw w m n m n w R a w t w c ^ nflw n t f ^ w m Sm:n a.) ^ . a t f f r a Ritter, Erdknde, i o n . ,
n r w I tmtcs f m n n ^ wtnmfnnm w ^ n n f s wtmn ffSi8->53ii; R. Wagner, Reise nach dem Ararat, f .
ntnrft, w m m fSn (Akhaitzike) nrgn cwnrn-js e n c n r ^ Aos>-<fo I f f cfimen snsinwtf wtncnfncns n f m i t nsmt f t
wrmwtff (Adjzrie)- w^ttPfw c m f f m w nnrnrwrflns ste wtwit fnfnnn-as nem f l n i
srwtwsnien wfwnm cnrfenw nntwwrflw mwiwcan w s t ftntm Pasdermadjian w f n s Histoire del' armenie,
nm A S I wmcnfnnt msnwtan nw nw msn a^wca afn-snm, mtfsn it98t9 % f . 8 8 8 - a stns nsmt wfntes is>i8 % 'jfnfc
cnfnniwH (ntmw wrt^rwwtgtemn), fwnisntwR (Kirovakah), wifmfnw n f m t 8^,00,000 wn wmcnfn f l n , nrstens nem A i
srtffn afnnttnwemn (Elizavetpol) w t n - w t f n n f m^ s m w f n f f f ntnwtmw-a, ib- n ^rnnw f f s nm mmewj,
(Alaverdy)i i m^ mnem ant wnfft ^ mn wRw 'jfnfn wmtm wnacn 1
wnns,mt 2 awfncw f f f -a f t f n m cntanfcss w t ^ n , cmn ^ f n wtncnfnntew wtmcnn nsmt i-s n ^ (wtnn mffissnm.
wmfnms (nffen) f f t m n wmfwntmn wrsen wnnsmm m n n f t wrststcn wtmnmmwtnA) ans f f wmenfmne (fnfnfnnmA)
wnrtA mew i nmmenn ffStmn Ate aw c n f cnm^nn nfkw i 8 , o o , o o o I S 5 % wtncnfnntc wtsrm wnnsmm ffntn w s t f l n
mew cn, wtncnftncnn wifn nrffncw nnsj wmnsmm w f , A i n e ^ nem wtAtenn nsmt f l n i o m^ 1
aw-'Sf f s e t n wfnw w f s n r f wm fln m i l . Seienoy n . mmes W L.eimbach, Die Sowjetunion, Natur,
Seidiitz (Petermanns Georg, Mitt, i v t s t o , i t . , Volkund Wirtschaft, Stuttgart 1950-an Wfmen
n.)-an mnnsmm wfnten cstf^m nn^ msn Atwm wfnntfn nem its^to iSivsts % ffsffn wma -a cntfwesw t f n n c n wtnenfn
&m-wewfnnm mmt^fne nnm wfnnt cnm nm, wfs m ^ wnn-s^m fnnsi'n t i n ? itsA^ f . f f n f c w r s c n f n wnntmt
mwinnst Arwtn ( A n % ) - t fln w m c n f n i s i f s wtnenfn wnaen ns'citiB AA msis Aff Arms f l n .(is>i8 '|fc^ wnntmm est
ffw m^ wfsnrfn ncm wmcnfnenn nsmt fln ntw nn? nts Aiwm Rnm SFIRS stmcs Sms nft t s m m f w wmn f ^ , AJt
(I, wsetn ff^ c n f ) i S t n f afnsnm nnwtenn w f e n nnsf f^sinnwten tnftw -a mnfnw fsn-we f n n m t ê men) 1
wnnsmm ffto% fln wmcnfn i nnst Smwcwftnt wnacnn tAS-sfn at'sfnn nem I f l n emfwenw ^ f n s e n , 'Wafcn ^ t i n
fSf wnan w e w wfnw wrscnfn ntm wfiffo fln (Sesm, ffwtsftebj (fnfnnm i , o o , o o o , mnem >>,oo,ooo, wtfmffw
8b-%); f f f nnsf w f s s i f ens nsmm wjmew (8n,b-A,ooo) ^,00^000 f n ^ , f f f m n f n , f f n n ant % n ; tAt m m wm-e
wmenfnenn nsmt fln ma A o % (}>,'bo,ooo) i f l n wtenSnns 1 cntfwenw tSfnncn i f f mis ^b mwm
f f f wtnenfnsm msft ffnenw-an Ato,8A,ooo wfsntfcnn wtnenfn f l n , siAiens nem 5m-wcwPtnfe f l n i-s m^ 80 mwm
nem i b - , A b - , o o o fln aptnmn, <b,oo,ooo fln wtnenfn ans antfnnwewfnm (Ciscaucasia)-e f | n i n ^toAmwm 1
i , n h > , o o o fln 4fw I n s f f t - a n nmwrw-a wim-a Sm-ssessftnm est nn wmenfnew cnm ntt Smens ncm n
wrsenfnnn nsmm fln e n f (mn f^'sn) i S n f t S ^ wtgmfnw n ^ 88 m w m w m c n f n cntfwenw nmwwtflw stwtwea
ftnrn W f n t e s nnsf m f n -s f f f wtsenfrnttew sscwfn wnnn (AS>,s>oo n f f f e m f n t m ) - a nm s s f f s ans entmen nnemt
nsmm fln c n f , wmfnew f f f wtnemnntcw f f , f f f s wmtm w f s n r f n (b, ^ i , as>O) ncm wtsmtt :fln bff% w f e , entires\o
cnta-S-|w [Ifw, n t l f , f w n f , m n w r f .(Circassians) cnw t5f^sc-t snsinsNs wrscnfn wnntmm w e s f ant f f n f n
wjm-as n f f n - f n wnaenn m n f f n (Nestorian) f W , n m m m m 'ati<icvif s wnntmm f f t wrens awwrn 1 n ^ i i mmn nm
wtwm Sfwtfw] cmewm fln nsmfnfst i mnm ttfnw wrscmmrfc w f f s wfwnm, i n ^ i A Atwm m n s t t f n w m n n f wmmn
ib-s>i f . 8 A , o o o wtnenfn f l n ntmn nem w c f i w n t mn fln (Nagomy Karabakh) wnaen entmnwm mscntt wnntmm
wtntsstswten (g. tnwfAR f f ^ fnn^) i bs>%) ant i n ^ Arms rnn w f f s wmtnnfnwm stwrean
is>i8 f . f f s f wtnenfn wnnsmm a t s m wrgntfnw Rms nrnrnf wtet I
Streck w ^ sfms A S ntm t s s t f t t n n t f ffêwtenn stnn is>ot9 f f e ^ wmn?3ntf wfnten cntffmw tSfnsC'i
n s ^ n f R m n i fwfn t m s Segn wenn, m t s n f Awrt s -aiisc^fscns ntmt f l n A i mwffa Atwm 1 wtncnfmns n f m t i A
cnttêsn wen f f f ffncw wmcnfnenn nsmt a m >5m n ^ b i m w m ff t w s>s> wens nem wrsmt f l n i i n ^ 1
mtcwcAi ffTit ffncw wtnenfnenn wfwnrnn -a f f S f f s n f u mnsmfnw m n n f wmtmf-a n f e m t wnntmm s>o%-t f l n
WtAtens fnm wmtA fln i w n m tm n f s a w t stn fln m wfAtsi, f w f w m r s n r a w H siwtcan m n m f wtet nng w n n t m m
t n n t f ff^cwm
t.fn.VbSsi
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Contents
w a i o % % ( rfCT%i I wtw?iT?i w r t w ? t t t n % ( s t w a-o t t f f w i s t t t f t (Pontus) ctetttetfttt? tett ttftti?

rtwl? I titfittswtw wnf%ww t f f ? ? w ?t?T??w wi?wft? fft ftttw a?t t t t t t t f ? vs f f i r t 3Tttwt?r-a? tctt a f
w t t i t n is>Afe r t t ifeofe f?TCR? t r ? T ffw t n t t i o i % - a fttw attft ftttw ttifct wrtetfttr a?5ft '9?^ft'
ff^?iflt I wfttfff fftft? w ? f <f r ? I ctt ftft t t t t f t f t f
ftfert vs (RtttW i f e i 8 f j . wt?w%iw? t t t n f i t fr? c wtrret? ficftt (tn?vs?t) t n ? ttt ft?t t t t t t t ? fftw w(rt?t
nwt? I ifeofe t . cttttw trtw? tttji ttwr? an? b-o rrwrw a?t f f f t ftcM f?fiet t n ? t ?5W I ttftwt t t t e r ? t w t a t
ftfen? i trw?v3 wftws I ifeofe f ? e ^ tfr wtwtfwteaw ffc?? ftttct's t r t t f f i t cttft? gptffff f t t ^fitT^fI
(Alexandretta) trtwits-a? f?sttff%= t t t ? rff rtWT? wt?etf??i? ttfffwtf 'sfCf? wt? a f ft?t r t t , a f ctt rtcw
WI?7R%I CtRWTtt f W 1 t t ? ife8C CttfwW t ? t 5 H wtt ctet tttittet? ? f t f f a t cttft? t r f t t t w f f a ^
Cttlww WI?Wf??T? 2rTftf? f?t? W?T WTtwtttW? 2ff ffttte? ctt"sft wf?t cfetiftiftt wf - s i ^ f f ?fti?t f c g t
w t a t wt?it?t afft vsrtwf? wtft f w t? t r r ? t w i f i t ftfttt? ff??fe?? I a t t t w t f f t t r t t wT??et? rfffwtf te?twf?wi
r t w w?wft? t i r t t i t t t t t tst?ef|t si?T? wiwir?fivs'2??;c wetwt t t t f f f Ttf f w i ? t wftf - ^ w I a t ftfct frr?i
(RKtefl?, k,bo,ooo wft?tft? t e t t rt?wft? f i t i,oo,ooo; r f t - a ? t r ? t f f ' s f t c f t ? t ? t t f ^ f f t t t ct? i f c i t j w ,
wt?''???tt:? i,feo,ooo ?tftRi? t e t r ao, ooo f|t wt?etff?) i att? t f f w t t t tf%5? f c f t j f f r ? i t f i t I t f f tt-sft?
iferfe rte ifeofe -^^rc^ t e t t tt?eti w?etft? wtttttt ao ?wtte?wt vs f t r t w fttR f T f f t t R t t t f f c t ? ttffcf?
rrwra rte i t w ^ o r t w t w f f w r ? i t n c t ? t e t t wtfttftf w w f % f i t , a t t f f wtwvs ttaf t t t t t t c t t tet?.ttttft
feo rrwt? w? ctifwctw wr?etf??i? ^fttt ?it?i? t ^ r ? T J f w i a?et?5t r t f f f f t f f t r a f f t - s f ^ f f fi? i cfttt t n afftr
<bo nwra ^ e i t w orf?c5#? wtettf ?Tn?r f t f e n , cttt??, tit?c?? r f ? ^ t I
trstt f t t ? rte a t wtc?tc?? tffetfwe cttlwc? wractftr ?it?t?tit?-a? t f r caffctR (Trebizond)

w"t?ctf??tc bfttt ?tt wirtctt a f f r t wt*t f i t tBttt rte ( w t r t t r ? r ) - a ? t t i f t r c t t t t e r t ?wf f f t t t ^ft i caf?ctr=tf
Wft i f c t ttttt? r i n w t ? wttetft? tctt i v n w t a ife8i r t r ^ t ? t t i s r t f t f , w f t f f ttfstptitf w t t r f - ? w f ?
t . tfaf tttftCt? tctt cttffctw Wt?etf?tt? t t ? f W f ifeSff sfsfR c?s5 f i t I tff ?tt? f c t f t f ? a t t t w f t t t t c t t t ?ftw,
t . (g. H. Feild, contribution to the Anthropology wt? a t t ? csitt? t t t f t f t t w t w r t e w t f f f t r t wtftw i
of the Caucasus, Cambridge Mass, U. S. A. 1953, tftfttw-caftettR ^tcw r f t va f t f f t t t (a?et?^) t t w ttftwj
5) Cttffctw witetfttt^ wtttttt f i t i o t w , ttrta tctt ?twttf t r ? w t r - r v s r ff? \ ttaeti w r ? e t f ? ?ftfct? w?i wwtw
af?vs?lc? f i t A t w I t w t t w (5. P. Rondot, Les f f f f rwt? fit r ? (Rayy) (5. t f f t - f t t f r , W f . De
Chrltiens d. Orient, t i t f t t ifeffff f . ifei ifefe) i Goeje, f . r i o ] i wfrtct? r t t l t - a ? t f t twTW t f f f w t f
wt?ctf??t twresi? wftttf? ttttt ctfs sn? iff t w att tt? t t f f i t (f. w t t - r f f , f t r t , ^. r o i ) i
t t t t t t f wt?ctf? ctiffc?w tfftte?? wtiiti attfi? f t t t t t i f fff f tt^ t t t ^ va f ^ 8 wtactftttcf ttttf
fc? I af??H-a? wftttfet? ttttt o t w ; wc? cttttw 8 t w ffttffe? f t ? iett'ft? w?it ffctbtt f t t r t 1 a t t t w
ffo riwr? wft?Tf? w?i tl?f5)Hi ft?? f?i ^tte? i 8 t w 'ste t f t i t t i aw c t f t f t r e t f t t ^ < ^ c?, ^ f t ctet? ?fftwvs,
a t w wtaetf? ?ft?ie? ftftficbi i ctt t f t ctet tftt? tta ttt t t t t t w ? f f f?t r t w ( f . wtf-WTttf, o t . , r i A , r i f f ) f
f t t j t t ? , ctt t f t ctet i t w wtactf? ?tt f w cttttw A t w > 5 t t f w r ttfva t r ? ? ^ ?tffewi? t r t f f i t i iR>st-a
rte o t w ? m f w f ? wtct1?ft?, r o n w i ? s t e t a?ttfwt c T t t tt? (Herring, w f t f f f ? f t ) s f ^ tftttet tfvs?t r t i
wictf?ft, wt?, fffttf? vs f c ? ? v s t ^ f f c f s t f c r ^ wtrt?i ? t t t*(tft r t e w t - f n t t t trettet t t ? w t f t t t ttftc?? wt,
fc? I wraetf? a f t fftfts ?it wvs?t At?ic? i atfwt, a t t f f f i | ? f f wt?f? ftfcs? ( t f t t ? te=rc?ff?t?) ? f t f
fwit tffw ctet f t t t t ? f?fw^ wt?etff? t t - f t t e t ? 5tw (vsnt-f T t ^ t f , W f . Wustenfeld, r t . , o c r - a ?
ttft-ttvs?t wTffttw f t f t f t ^ t i e ? 1 wtrret? ttft-tt?i? teti ? f ? t f t t w ) I wtiftft f t t c t ? t t t l ftttw t t t wt?etffr,
ctftcvs^ f t t t t f f f ftttf?w f t t w t i ? f?f?et f??i? tie?f wtrtrtwrt, f c f t t t a a f f r r t t ? wtset a t e r r tte?? s t p
f f ft?etf??t wT?ctftct? f t f t twifct? f w t t ttet? f t t rftft ?ft?ie? I
?ft?ie? a?t wi?etf5r 2t^ cttfwctw tff??? f ? e ^ tc*ii t t f wt?etf?r tffsf t t w t f w c t t , ftett f f t t t a t t t w wta,
%?te?3 cwca a ^ f s ws?T? "^ST ?1r?ie? I c?ttl, f t t , c f r , cfcft ft? (arsenic), f f t f f f t , t t r va t ^
t t t f f ffSCftt
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Contents
SOS
f t s m m n ; ?'^s wsftiT mrs i w m n t t a t mm Se,t^ m n i t "^c e n f n Armenlag Sakisian, Les tapis a dragons et
w w f f f f n m stAt w f n m f i n c n t n t c w fncfn f w f w r m m n nt i. leur origine armenienne, in Syria, ix (1928)
t n ^ n - w i f s awmaj w t n n c n t w , fnfn wtnenfnmn Ss.n^ m n f a w t cntcwn Les tapis armeniens, in Revue des Et,
n t c w w n j mnm. wfnmcAn i w i s c w f ^ cntw' fisHfisin arm, 1/2 (1920); wmenfmrrgn^ftet n t c w mmniwtcn cn-^n
(Leontius) - a n n t n t t t c w t m m n , w n t m f n c t w m c n R.B. Serjeant, Meterial for a History of Islamic
a t t t c n cnftj tR w t f n ^ s n , a t tfn>sfn fnsnc-*tCA ^ mm cntm Textiles up to the IVIongol Conquest, in Ars
(-a f t m ) tfnn nft m ^ , , m m f t t t n r s (msmcn - s f m r n - Islamica, x (1943), 91 ff.
cnfmtmn)-a m f nftmcA I t m csifncm^ y ascssiii-an n m m t i j ^ t f t s ( w ) m m n n n s r n n f s ( i ) Oeogr. des quatre
w m ^ (5. a t fnncn Ritter, Erdkunde, i o t . , ASA parties du monde, L Indjidjean w w w wtm:nff?l w m m
Wagner, Reise nach Persien, i t . , i S A t . s f . wtn-s nfsw. Pt. i, "Venice i b o t o ; (A) J . Rennel, compa-
s f t m m A ffnw f n n ^ ) i ntnf (Bayburt), w t n m m mfw rative Geogr, of West Asia. London i v o i ; (o) K.
frcn-s ^ f < m n f l n i fwmcnw (Kedabeg)-an f A t m f f n Ritter, Erdkunde, ix, SSS.. Sb-8-b-, JSA-iooSi -s x.
wtg tRr w's.nAwimfwf (Kalakent) afnwtcnt-cmn-msft s Ab-ff-bAff; ( 8 ) Spiegel Eranische Altertumskunde,
'swmt^.Aenn n m f c n ) - a w n f ^ t A t n mm isîs f f c ^ i. Leipzig i b S i , i o S - b b , o t o 8 - b ; (ff) Issaverdenz,
2tw S^f nt wfn^ntfln (g. Lehmann Haupt, Armenia and the Armenians, Venice i b S 8 - e ; (to)
Armenien elnst und Jetzt, i t . , iA-^ t . ) i n f n t n wtcn Vivien de Saint JVIartin, Diet, de geogr, univ, i,
Wtm-sntff (Alaverdy), ntnfwfn (Zangerzur), afnntn Ai-3-s (ibSS.); (s) E. Reclus, Nouv. geogr, Univ, vi
(Erivan) stffw ^ wig m t t w t n t t m n f t m t A I Stnf ( i b b i ) , A8o-b-o. Russian Armenia, ix ( i b b 8 ) , oAi-SS:
w f c wtncmnmc n ^ n f ^ n n t t f n t i n i c n t n < t f n t t c Turkish Armenia; ( b ) V. Cuinet, La Turquie d'
Scmfnw ^mt fSrfnm, fnnn a w R cnct n m f t w m ^st i n m f f f n Asie, i-iv, t r r f n n ibio-i f.; (s) H. Gelzer
cntwtt mRs n n t t f n s w m S c ^ t wfnmcsn i nsn wjtn^jAcnn (Pertermann), in the Realencycl, der protest.
S s n - f n a m w m a t n n t tfn-sfn f l n i nncnn a w m t t w n Theologie (3rd ed.), by Herzog-Hauck. ii, too-SA,
w N i ^ t n - a n n f f : t -s cwf^tfnm (Keghizman)-an f c n w n f ^ ntAte tnctnwren f t w f n t f w m n wrenttsw t t n r c A ; ( i o )
f n t (Kulp) f l n (g. Ritter. f . St., i o t . , ASo t . -3 Radde, C.F.Lehmann Haupt, Armenien einst und jetzt,
"Vier Vortrage uber den Kaukasus, 47) i afn-s^mn mfnn iSio f.; (ii) R. Blanchard L' Asie
nwmen a w f t f % n t f t i a t t t c n -samfw ?fnn wm-ttm mwi-s occidentale, vol. viii of the Geoger, univ, by
wenn w t m n , (ivii<ti, wtntw, f f ^ t n n n m t w t f n n w m m m Vidal de La blache and gallois (iiAS) i
n%tCA I
( t ) t f w m n -3 alwAtfnw f C t m ; ( i A ) Camcean, Hist,
n m f c t ff%, ngmwtn -s f f t f t e m wm wtscnfnm f n e t n de r Armenie depuis 1' origine du monde jusqud
tfn^ f l n I a t nn M ^ w ws.anwm c w g ^ f l n m f t n i a t m e n I'annee 1784 (in Armenian, Venice, i S b 8 - b t o ;
f w t e m t t f f n m t n e t ^ t t i t m mm-e f n -a m m nesn English ed. (Chamich ) by I. Ardal. w R w i w t i b A S
w n t f cn^rft n ^ (wtnft f n f n ) s f f w t t ^ -ant wtAt fnenet f . ; ( i o ) Saint-Martin, Memoir, hist, et geogr. sur
fnsm w m ^ I fwnfnn m n w a w stwm f c 5 n t r a t t c w n f t f w 1'Armenie. tiffmn i b i b f . ; ( i 8 ) Issaverdenz, Hist,
cwsft n t n@nwten nmA ^ I f t n f n nfnm wtnenfnmn S f f de 1' Armenie, Venice i b b S i w t n e n f m tfwAtenn w f w
w i c f e f^nnwn ttst fmHnntct stfnff m w f n m f i n i m f t n t t e Sftfm f t n t c w g. (iff) C. F. Lehmann, Materialien
wenw fwcmfvii3i5i f c a w n f ^ w m m t t w (Artaxata) ntnw f t n f t zur alteren Geschichte Armeniens und
n ^ n - f t e m w m . a w s t f f f m wen cn, w t n - n t n t f t t t m e w Mesopotamiens, ntfnn i5oS f . ; (ito) M. Streck, in
"f%nfnn n t f t " ( w t n n t f n - t w n f n n ) men wfwft wenn ( w f . De ZDMG, Ixii. Sffff-S8 a w t sT^wtenn Das Gebiet der
goeje, 200; f Zeitschr, fur arm Philol, ii, 67 and heutigen Lands chaft Armenien, Kurddistan
217) I n m f c t wtnenfnmn ntftwr -s ft?t n t c w w t m n w m und Westpersien nach den b a b y l .-assyr,
fnctnmen e n f n Thopdschian in the IVIitt, des Sem Keilinschriften, in ZA, xlii, xiv, xv ; ( i s ) H.
fur orient. Sprache, 1904, ii, 142-53.. W T J t t n ^ Berberian, Decouvertes archeologiques en
t n m f t fw8ewm
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Contents
Armenie de iS>A8, a iS>Al, in the Rev. des Et. arm. Tigris, in SBAK, Vienna, vol. 133, no. 8, i b S e
vii (itsAS); ( i t r ) K. von Hahn, Verkehr und Handel awt stfwninn cnnt ( o s ) Hist. Topographisches vom
im Alten Kaukasus, in Peterm, Mitt, Ixix, iS>Ao i oberen Euphrates, in Kiepert,-Festschrift,
Wt?s (iS.) Fr. Hommel, Grundriss der Geogr. Berlin ibrSb; ( 8 0 ) J. Markwart, Sudarmenien und
des alt. Orients, Munich ^ho8, 01-80; ( ^ o ) L. die Tigrisquellen nach griechischen und
Alishan, Hayastan (L'Armenie avant quelle fut arabischen Geographen, Vienna i S o o ; ( 8 i )
1'Armenie), Venice iS)o8; ( A i ) H. Kiepert, cntcwn. Notes on two articles on Mayyafariqin,
Lehrbuch der alt, Geogr., Berlin i i r H r , s>8-ff; in JRAS, i S o S ; (8 A) ^ cntcwn Die Entstehung
(AA) Pauly-Wissowa, Realencycl der klass der armenischen Bistumer, in Orientaha
Altertumwiss, ii, i i ( r i - A ; (A-s) H. Kiepert, Uber die Christiana, b o (iS>OA); (80) E. Honigmann, Die
alteste Landes und Volksgesch von Armenien, Ostgrenze des byz. Reiches von otoo bis i o i i , in
in Monatsschr, der Berl. Ak, d. Wiss, ibrtoS>; (A8) Corp. brux. hist, byz, o, Brussels iSffo; (88) R.
Georgius Cj^Jrius, n t t . Gelzer, Leipzig ivs>o and Grousset, Histoire de 1' Armenie des origines a
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syrischen Kirchen Leipzig i f e o 8 ; (iio) N. Schultz. Memoire sur le lac de Van et ses
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doctr., son regime, sa discipline,* sa liturgie, sa Southgate, Narrative of a tour through
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de Constantinople a Bassora en 1781. Paris, travelling adventures in Koordistan, London
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Beschreib. seiner Reise von London durch F. Ainsworth, Travels and Research in Asia
Russland und Persien, Hamburg 1754 ^ t C f i f f t . , Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldaea and Armenia.
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ibriA; ( i i f e ) J. C. Hobhouse, A journey through ( w r f R t t . , A . Schonburgk, H. Kiepert-a? RtC?IW?tr,
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( i b - o ) ; J. M. Kinneir^ Geogr. . Memoir of the Armenia, la Perse et la Mesopotamie, Paris
Persian empire. London i b - i o ; ( i b - i ) J. Morier, A 1842; ( A o 8 ) K. Koch, Wanderungen im Orient,
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ib-ib-; (ib-A),Dupre, Voyage en Perse, Paris ib-ife; dem ararat und dem Hochland Armenien,
(ibro) W. Ouseley, Travels in various countries of Stuttgart 1848; (Aofe) A.N. Muravjev, Crousinie
the East. London i b - i f e - A o , voL iii; ( i b r 8 ) R. et Armenie ( f f t?t?), St. Petersburg 1848; ( A o i )
Walpole, Travels in various countries of the Brosset, Rapports sur un voyage archeologique
East, London 1820; (ib-e) Jaubert, Voyage en en Georgie et en Armenie i b - c i ^.; (Aob-) M.
t t R i f f?fCft?
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Wagner, Reise nach Persien und dem Lande der goldenen Horn zu den Q u e l l e n des Euphrates,
Kurden, Leipzig i b e ^ ; {ôh) Curzon, Armenia., a Munich 1893; (ô8) Chantre. A travers
year of Erzeroum, etc, London ilrffS; (Aio) I'Armenie russe. Paris 1893 ( f . in Globus, bdi,
Hommaire de Hell, Voyage en Turquie et en 1892); (Aff) W. Belck, Untersuchungen und
Perse, Paris ibrCS-too; (Aii) K. Koch, Die Reisen In Transkaukasien, Hocharmenien, etc,
Kaukasische Lander und Armenien, Leipzig in Globus, bdii-Lxiv, 1893; (ôto) v. Nolde, Reise
1855; ( A i A ) A. V. Haxthausen. Transcaucasia. nach Innerarabien, Kurdistan und Armenien,
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den Urmiasee, in Petermann's Geogr, Mitteil, kaukasischen Landern, Reiseberichte von.
1858; 22-3; (Ai8) Blau, vom Urmiasee zum 1842-1874, Vienna 1896; ( A O b ) J. de Morgan.
Vansee, a', ib-too Aoo-i; ( A i f f ) I. Ussher, A Mission scientifique en Perse, 4 vols.; Paris
Journey from London to Persepolis, London 1895; ( A O S ) i& cntw, Mission scientifique au
1856; (îto) PoUington, Half round the old worid, Caucase. Et. arch, et historiques, 2 vols., Paris
a tour in Russia, the Caucasus, Persia, etc, 1889; ( A 8 o ) H- Hepworth, Through Armenia on
London 1867; ( A i S ) Taylor and Strecker, Zur horseback, London 1898; ( A 8 i ) 1. Krackovskij,
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Life among the Koords, London ibSo; (Ai<) Radde (Azerbaijdzan, Armenija, Iran), n c ^ cnRnsfre
and Sievers, Reise in Hocharmenien, in i<ffo-, f . Abo-AS>^ ( W t f gnrw n t c f fiiR wtntn wnr n t f *w,
Petermanns Geogr. Mitteil.. i b S , io-A; (AAo) f'wt^-fspnn^ (wtntnntnwin, wtncninnt, t m n ) nc-tif-o n s n m f ;
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Thielmann, Strelfzuge im Kaukasus, Leipzig istocnlk, po istoriceskoj geografii Azerbad-
i b S f f ; ( A A A ) J. B. Telfer. The Crimea and jzna-i Armenii); ( A 8 ^ ) Ucenye Zapiski Instituta
transcaucasia. London ibSto; ( A A ) Relation de Vostokovjedenija. A t . , iS)ff8 f . (Wtnfcw 3icntnt
voyage de Deyrolle. in Le Tour du Monde, m s t f n fcnti?fn aftar^wtCA'sntwtntnnrswtn vswtncnfnmn
xxix-xxxi and in the Globus, xxlx-xxx clcmfn* tIfAlcnn aw f w n f m ^ s jiji
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casia and Ararat. London 1877 -3 t s m i f T t ^ m T f A ; ibS)b-S)S. f . - f s wcimtfnw t # c n n Snn wtmn w m o i f n s n n
(AAff) Creagh. Armenians, Koords and Turks, f f m n n ; ( A 8 8 ) Jahresberichte der Geschichts-
London 1880; (AAto) H. Tozer, Turkish Armenia wissenschaft; 1901, 1. 16 s LehmannrHaupt,
and East Asia Minor, London 1881; ( A A S ) Frede, Armenien einst und jetzt, 2 vols. Berlin
Voyage en Armenie et en Perse, Paris 1885; ( A A b ) 1910-26: (A8(?) Sarre. Transkaukasien, Persien,
W. Petersen, Aus Transkaukasien und Mesopotimien, TranSkaspien, Land und Leute.
Armenien, Leipzig 1885; (AAS)) G. Radde, Reisen Berlin 1899; (A8to) Lynch, Armenia: travels arid
an der persischrussischen Grenze. Leipzig 1886; studies. London 1901; (A8n) P. Rohrbach. Vom
(Ao) H. Binder, Au Kurdistan, en Mesopotamie Kaukasus zum Mittelmeer. Leipzig 1903; ( A 8 b )
et en Perse, Paris 1887; ( A i ) G. Radde. The Memoirs of the Caucasian Section of the
Karabagh, in Petermann's Mitt. Erg.-Heft n 100 Imperial Russian Geogr. Soc.--an wcnw e n f f f
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Du Caucase au Golfe Persique, Washington 1892 Committee of Caucasian Statistics-an n s m n f
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tnmft Rgcwm
t.1n.Vs>o
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vnf a w R i g t - r t f f f (wraHtw) i wra^s t t i W P ? ( A ( t o ) B . Kurdistan und Azerbeidschan 1 : 1000,000,

Plaetschke, Die Kaukasuslander (Handbuch der Berlin 1858; ( A i A ) H. Kiepert, Specialkarte das
georgr. Wiss., Band Mittel und Osteuropa, 1835); turk. arm., 1:500,000, Berlin 1857; ( A l o ) a' C t t t s ,
( A C i ) UJ. Frey, Vorder-Asien, Schrifttum- Carte generale des prov. europ. et asiat. de
subersicht 1913-1932, in Geogr. Jahrbuch, 47, Tempire ottoman. I: 300,000, Berlin 1892; ( A 1 8 )
1932, vol. ii; ( A f f A ) P. Rohrbach. Armenien. H. Kiepert. Karte von Keinasien in 24 Blatt, 1:
1919; (Affo) W. Leimbach, Die Sowjetunion, 400,000,, Berlin 1902-6; ( A l f f ) tcttst t t t f f e ! ^ t c w c w
Natur, Volk und Wirtschaft, Stuttgart 1950 Lynch-Oswald-a? Map of Armenia and adjacent
( W l R s W v s w m w f w n t t f t t fitter); ( A f f S ) p. George, countries, London 1901; WTa^s ctft 8 ( A l f e )
URSS, Paris 1987 (CoUecUon Orbis). 471-2; (Affff) Cuinet-at titfba La Turquie d'Asie, 1891-2 v a , ( A l 1 )
A. Fichelle, Geogr. phys. et, econom. de I'URSS, Muller Simonis, % f i b r f e A ; ( A l b r ) Hubsehmann
97 ff. (P. George. % f . - a , CTlfC?l f f t t f f t k W 5 t l t f r ti5tr?I f t ^ W t t C t f t t t ? t t t f b a . Die altarm. Ortsnamen,
t r c w t l ft^stt t t t w , c t t ? Revue de la Soc. russe de in Indogerm. Forschungen, xiv. 1904 f n ?
geogr., etc) i wt?>s c t f ^ (Afffe) The USSR: A t W t j t f A ( f . f . ) on the Karten-bibliographie of the
geographical Survey, London 1943; ( A f f 1 ) L. Grundriss der Iran. Philol., F, Justi f f f ; ( A l f e )
Alishan, Physiographic de I'Armenie, Venice Honigmann-a? tttf&a, Ostgrenze; W?<3 ctH; ( A b - o )
1870; (iiffb-) H. Abich, Geolog, Forschungen in Murray's Handy Classical Maps, Asia Minor;
den kauk, Landern, Vienna 1882-7; (Aff-fe) R t t t f ftcfPtft? f ? f S tttfbatfr 8 ( A b - i ) Baedeker, Guide
Sieger, Die Schwan Kungen der hocharm. Seen, Bleu; ( A b - A ) ^tc*< t f f t C t ? tT?a (Turkiye Yol
Vienna 1888; (Afeo) G. W. v. Zahn, die stellung Haritasi, 1 : 2500.000); ( A b - o ) The Maps (scale-1 :
Armeniens im Gebirgsbau Vorderasiens, Berlin 800000) Turkiye 1936 (Sheets for Malatya,
19Q7; 1896; (Afei) J. H. Schaffer, Grundzuge des Sivas, Erzurum Mosul); (Ab^S) National Geogr.
geolog Baues von Turkisch Armenien Peterm. Institute f f f ffW^tltfSa, f)ff?t i iooo,ooo, ifeo8 ^.
Mitt. (AfeA) Carte geol. du Caucase au 1: 1,000,000, (a?C??it t t a p t w tiw) I
Inst, de cartogr. geoL.de I'URSS, 1929-31; Wtt^s (t) fitfttf t ^ t T t f i (Ab-ff) M. Minusaroff,
c t f T g (Afeo) Macler, Erzeroum. Topographic Bibliogr, Caucas, et Transcaucas., vol. i, St.
d'Erzeroum et sa region, in JA., 1919; ( A f e 8 ) J. Petersburg 1874-6; (Ab-fe) P. Karekin,
Markwart, Le berceau des Armeniens, in Rev. Armenische Bibliogr,, Gesch. und Verzeichnis
des et-arm., viii, 1928......... i f e i s f ^ R t ^ der arm. Litterature, covering the years
W t t t t i t ? t t l t t t T T C t ? W t J C t f t (Afeff) G.L. Selenoy 1565-1843 (in Neo-Armenian Venice (1883);
N.v. Seidlitz, Die Verbreitung der Armenier in WWJW Q ? ^ f < ? b ? T ? f C? f e f f f l f f w w t c ? w r o ( A b - 1 ) H.
der asiat, Turkei und in Trans.-Kaukas, in Petermann, Grammatica armeniaca (Port,
Peterm. Mitt, 1896 f f t l t l f f f fftttltct? W t j at lingu. orient,,vi); (Ab-b-) P. de Lagarde. Arm
s j t C ^ ttf?lt f t t e t t f t t f t C f l f s ?5tttf I wt?vs c t f T (Afefe) R Studien, Gottingen 1877; (Ab-fe) Karekin, Gesch.
Khermian, Les Armeniens, introd. a der arm. Litteratur W t ? C t % I WTtt?, A ? t t . c f ? t ibrb-fe
I'anthropologie du Ca;uese, 1943; tltfSatfer? W t T 8 ^ . ) ; (Afeo) Patkanean, Bibliogr. Umriss der arm.
(Afel) Monteith (1833) G ( A f e V ) Dubois Hist. Litteratur (?M w t t t ? ) , St. Petersburg i f e V o ^ . ;
(1830-40)-a? s t t f s t c w tfêtffw f f ^ a T t f (atlases) (Afeb) F. N. Finck, Abriss der arm, Litteratur, in
Ct'sp; (Afefe) Glascott, Map of Asia Minor and Litter, des Ostens, Amelang - f W , i t . , t i t f f t t i f e o i
Armenia ( W f . ib-ffo ^.); ( A l o ) H. Kiepert, Karte von % I WI?<3 C t f ? ( A f e A ) A. Salmalian, Bibliographie
Georgien, Armenien und Kurdistan, 1 : 1500,000, de I'Armenie, Paris 1946 ^ ( A f e o ) tf?C65t i i , Les
Berlin 1854; ( A H i ) c t t t s , Karte von Armenien. lettres, les sciences et les arts chez les
t t t t f ftfcfit
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Contents
Armeniens, in J. de Morgan, Hist, du peuple ff,to;(8) Biamay, Notice sur les Bettioua du Vieil
armenien CTtTW i S i S . f . W H W % fs-lISm s Arzeu, R. Afr., i S i o - i i f . , f . , i o i n . ; (ff) R. Basset,
islWIb-^l n t c w vomfn rntcn, (Ararat, Handes Loqman Berbere, n r f f n n ib-So f . , f . s , i o ; (to) cntw,
Amsorya, etc.) i enfn (A58) Fere Mecerian, Dial. berb. duRif, i b s n f . , f . i t o b - S i i
.Bulletin armendagique in the Melanges de . G. Marcais (E.i2)/wmfn menw
I'univ. Saint-Joseph, iSSi-b- f. s iSffo f. s i l ^ ^ < j t i ( j i . 3 j i ) s [ t n f n s Arzon, w r s c n f n s Arzn,
1nfit sr^ nrncnrsmnfA I Aizn], f f wmtewtfnnm wenwft tAcnn mn i wntem nnstrnn
M. Canard (E.l2)/Alnin WRgn Wlt^f ernnw stent wmntenn, wm w m c n f n wrstfnn-an stmn n n f s
^5ft<RT^(ji3ji) g ( n m t n Arzyu; wTffnw WRtn wfntcn tttSenn wmwn mm wtnmnf n f n (wtffnw mnmnf) f n % n
Arzew nt Arzeu), wmcwftn S t f c n s n m s f^mtmcnn stm 8 i 8 i f . gtfnm (greenw.) o b S. wnntet w n f ^
nmmcn nwnm cmt t s s wrafns (Arzeut-anmrw fwwiftjtH tAnft I f n f n n ennwnn winntncw nf%n fnewn .fAsn n n f
f c n wnRvs awtt mm 1 tnsmmcA a t n n j f f t n f n f n n mnnwtfnftenn nft fsi wfnme^ I
% n w nnftnn Sn^cn f n w t f n Portus Magnus (miffnw ntenn S,nfs n t c f nftw f f f wtm nm m, wen Sm fn^fTtfcA
wtcnn Saint Leu, wnjtntn Vieil Arzeu ntcn mnfsw) ^ fSftfm I H. Hubschmanw, Die altarmenischen
>5ffnt wntf t i n i nnan/awmn msi%;w wm-ntwft fnmmn Ortsnamen, in Indogermanische Forschungene,
nft cntfm m?ntt ^ tmn *smmcm n m c f n-^ wenn i f w f ito n. ( i J s o s ) , A 8 b , o i i - a w i c n i M i g t m i f n f n ffnffnw a t .
tmn tm^G cnrnm wenn, tm acwnten w n f n j t i n i cn mmt 'sSw, t A s f t n s r r w - t n n i f tfwAtenn w m g t n r Marquart,
Rtn m ^ ^ f nnen Smm (mm wiffnw wtnfn^-an S n n mmm Eransahr, }. Aff i
R m n wfnm nftmcA) wnf^ f%nft fc*fa wm Scfn wenn i atofn Wtnmenn t m w f f t m m t f n nnmenn f f w t Ao/to8o men
tnnrsnfcn (ntfn ftm m t t ) n m ^ w stw i t m t nnfnw wrsmnfn wesn a n t cwntft w t f m ( n t m f f , i sto) a n t m:n
Scsmmtm I wmn f n f f mnwtA ntnmft S s n wn3%r S n f c n tnnrn ntwn ntewm w ^ A S i t A s f t f f n n f ^ cwnrn wfsp t i n
wf fnnn t i n i wtnms wnan atsten mnfnw s sffs stmn fnmn c3ntf'mm-n nwtfnten (BGA,torn,ASto) 'wrssrf wmen
wfnmcA n R m srffnnm An i cntew nen wen,' a t m n w m wrsmn s nmn^Ftfnftenn m w c ^ nfîR ms f | n 8 i , o o , o o o
wtmw-mnm nmR w f m s S n f c n n wnrtm tAcnn mm at fnnAm i m n m f ntetn S n m -nfat wmmn ffstA s w t f f w i f e n
wnacnn mnmncnn mm nmftw An ntt, nnt w r m f n ste wtms '^tsscns nft ^nSt nmm wrs^ wrscnfn wrfnenn mm mfnw
at wnaenn wfnmftcnn mm n t f t w Atsifin i ^t/iAt m m f e w S t , [ g . Canard (fms), 8 A S ] i
wtnms wm-fsntA' Rn^ 'wrs^n-f'fnnew t & R m fwsfcnn w m 8<f/ion t w t f n sftm^ m n m f ntetn m n f n - m s m wtntnten
nnff stmn wen, ftw a t wtent wm-tnftft t A m wiitnf%w' n n r n n wfscH a n t ^ c w wmcnfn wnm nrnmîtn
wfwtC'an Segn wenn i t f f n nenn, tm awft f A t m n i t A m ntgtewm wfwntenn s t f R afAn wff?n i o o o / S . 8 A men
b f t t ^ wnaen Stmfms n n at ften wmmft wm t t m mew i n m n # t t n n n wtnmn n t n s f t n wen (Canard. S 8 b ) i
nfetwenn fnwt t m n mttm wte? i nArm tm wenw cnen nrff A t n m ff t t s n f t f n n r n n wen, f f f wtmennew wcnwnrn fnnm
wfnrn mew i mnn/cmvst msrftc Leo Africanus at S n f c n mwn cwnm n m m f t n e n n nftw f c ^ R<3 stew A S i t m s n n
wnf^ fAt's f g tAcnn wsiSffR wtfnwrn wmrnâtAenn S e i n t s n f t A t m t m cwen a n t i A t t w i f c ^ n t f "w ( n t t .
wennmt i ' Wustenfeld, i f . , A o f f ) fnt^tntcAn, w t n R t n f e f nfnnw
cwm a w wfnfnt wren nsm w R n r t t f w nnen ( w t m t stmcAi
mmfe) <^ wnscn cmwffâm mnw aw ^ n ^ f f f mnnm n t m n nrmm ntmw n n t w f t f t n f f r t n wRrtCAn, f f f J. G.
nncTO I R ^ê wrmm wen i wrmm m n s f g t ntnn f e n s f n Taylor WfW:JRGS, o f f ( i b t o f f f . ) A t o - a SATCW nnts^ nmt
Snwmm wmnrt nfnw I AS'ant cnmen stntnetenn awit nwm^ nf|enf%w wm A S 1
ar^tft 8 ( i ) m f t , f f m t ; wmfwmn i s i i f., -^.no; de cntAmnf n f n f e n wnf?w wennnfw f g w n fnfSwff f m
Slane w w w n m r f t w f . , wmtwmn i S i o f . , f . i s o ; ( A ) wtnntfn-ntnf s.wtsmnew wfwf nen w m t t w ncA ( g t m J.
t n f t f f , n t r . D o ^ s de Goeje, % i o o , w f . J; i i s ; (o) Markwart, Sudarmenien omd die Tigrisquellen
Gsell, Atlas archeologique, Mostaganem sheet. (f%enm isôo s i ' o s i ) i wmmn wm-nin-(Erzerum) 's
t n n t f ffscwm
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Contents
life
ftfSrif tmwft? tr? "Aprle" ^tcô f t f WR f t f - w f t f f t f i f t w t ' ^ R - f t cBtff-t ffrf? Wftfct? f t t t
ftWffft ffs cfw? I WW? f f f wtt rifff?
tft!^ s fR aitw f f i R w f3t t j f w e g t w ( i ) ?cf f r T W f t i ^ ? c f f w f t w f f f w Cftw? I f i ? t r t % f ?
Marquart, Die Entstekung and wieder- ftW^ f f f f f f - f t 'WWff? f W f f ? w t w t f f t : fWR?
herstellung der armenischen Nolion, Potsdam (W^^ff-Rtfltt; wtft fftr, ff&; t f R-t-lWan, ttt
i!i)iS) ovs; (A) M. Canard, Histoire de la WTttf,m) I i
Dynastie des Hamdanides, WRfttPf ifeffi ^, V 8 i a t wt?f wftRtttttw w t i f r t f c t ? ( t c t t r ? t t n t - a ? t r t t t t
fCf? i l t t tlfSlfl?! W t f fCflR fet? (Rttw (RttiR WIttlWt f t ^ , f . fer) I f t ? ffft t f c w ? . w c t ? CfW, c f t t t f t f t f
f t f f ? ttftffCt? f ? W1?f? WW
ffttsft'S tt?t f t f C ^ t f t t t
t%Rpr wtfSattft fet c f f T R t f ' t f I
cwwftww f t f w w ? t w t f f C ? ? I f f t f ? W W ? f f t t v g
R.N. Frye (E.Pi/f W5t W ^
CftttfRWW, Wt?T?,ftt>8 WtfWfttTW f t w t fffcw? I
i i i f f / i l D O tfct w t n ? W W t t f f f t t fC?? I CPtR fSR? ? ? t
^rr?j^ ( J 3 j i ) 8 t t t t ^ - - f t " w f ttt W t f W t W t f WCT ( i i i r ftwf? Cft) f f w fwft tfftt t f w t ? w f t w f n s fc??,

trtw I fftwwfCR t t w f f c t t t t f t ff%ff%f f t w T t f r r WWSf? ttfj^f? f f t tcwcwf fftt fc?? a t t f?
f t w i t t f t t f w t t t f f t , iofefe/- ifeb-1-lrlr t f t t W^S I [tttva 'wttf'R-RiWf W f t ( f . i i 8 i / i i r f e ) - a ? f f f t f t - a f W R
w t t t W f t t f f r t t ws i i o o It'Stf t ctt arte, t f R-t frfWt fffwt W W fC?t I f f f f f t f f f t f ? 'Rtt 'wtf w t r t f f
iioi ft. f f f t t f w - t c t t f W - f r f w t f t ftcwt t f w W f t t f c t t w f t i w f (ffwffw t f w Cff? Rf?f ( t ^ ) w w t t f t f f "-a?
f f c t t l t f (.__.; RRfct? tifwcwi ftttt f t t c t f n t 'Qsj-t-w'w ( w w w f ? - W f i t t - a ? ffwt t t r t c f f i c f ? i cttt
W f wftt wftt r t iofefe ft. I f w t ttCbCt < 8 f f f f ftW5 ?R? ?mR ( i i i f f ft.) tfft t f f f t f n c f tt?f fttlR Cftft 1
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t t w f ftfewt
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Sis
cnt wtnst 'QWt'Sn-msm wnntntnew fnmn m w m f Jtmen sjAt

tffw'mn t H Smft m w?;?R i mtt wssicss nesfs wtmn m m f wesn I t A m nn f f i n w entment fwfn w n ^ wesn (a.
ftfm A S I i i 8 o / i S A s nm 9m m s m n ^wtfitftr-m^m, w t f t - t mntA m t f , ttewit n t ^ n , ntf?lt f t t ) 1 ntms w m
tm^Tw mn mmft (5. m w t % ^ - S m m , o n . , s s ^ ) wtn^n wTsfs w m mfnw fwn m t r m wrm fnntsn wesn 1 a t wf mst
f ^ m n w w t ^ mcnn ant w t n f wrmn nAscn mnnw.An 1 fwfn wtnten # s n mmt wfnew ttewn 1 cnt nnen w r s f n m f
i i 8 s / i s o 8 men nf%t wtmftn n n m t n f n nnm wtntew wtcnn ant wenw m n n s so s's.nn nsen c n t m e ^ t n f e w m
wrmn 'pkmnrssn nttw entmen ntte A S 1 cn^m ttew wesn ( A n r f ' S ^ - m f , iitos/Ato w t f n t f . is^to; fmnwrs
atwnnwens ns mtsf tnfts nnn mftenn ntftes s m f t n f n i n m - t n w ; . f . mnen-wmm, A o - A o i f t t wfntft) 1 wm'fwm-t
mimfstn f n f n n - a n ntnwnenn Rw5 fnewn w m awft mnwnn esm^tn, AV f t m nm ttmcA, wtnfn fWTS rnn wntmn-
fnsifn mesn 1 i i ^ o / i s s of w t f n f t f - m s m t n t w m n wesn 1 w t f ^ I n s f n fntA'Ste^ av f t m m Sc^t wm A S m t 1 wms
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(ntnwmtn, A i f n wtsn Snwt msn, O A ) I iiffs f t w f n fnew mn ssnn ns fnfc ftm^fsw wfnm f n s m mwn wm A S ('tww-t
w n f 'Q A t f n WtAtenn nwfnentenn nrtmen f R s n fnetn (g. n e m ^ ^ R t n , br) 1
ntAts wR'sntn, i 8 i cntw, "f'wtfnm-t-wrgf s m m f n " f t f n n ' w r s f m f e w W t m e m , f f n wtmA ms wrswtw
' f w stn^, f'wi^tn mnfnft [mtm], i t . ) f n w t m t i n t s t f - f t f 'senn wfnwift flenn 1 ' w m f m m mnewm m wimwf, -5^,
fnentens msnfe 1 tfAm, n t f w va f t f mrnnâ f f n ntnmf flenn (fnnwtwî-
f A T p n i i f f t r / c w m f is8ff men mmntA f A t m n mA mtt t n i i n i A , wtnf m f w w ) 1
ewtw n t m fwtfwfnn m^^n fncw nsmm An 1 wtmn a t wfntenn n s n m f s wRifn wfnwttt nsrnn nr^fnfn m ^ fmsfnmtncn
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^ n - A T ^ , iitos ft.) cnw m n nn f A t s n m iitob-/in<?8 nc^ wmm ann n n mn ant n n s f c n n ann nn nfswrmn SntAsn â
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t n n t f fstewm
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a t Ctttt tffWt ifeffo 'sffCF twft? W t f t H - t l?l<'<^ f f ( i ) ffww? fttw ffww?-t ttw?, ffctt? ftct? ctft I
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f f f s i t ? wftw ct>sr At?ic? I
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, "wiffrtn-t f f T f C f a t ffi?1t t w c f wtet 15? I ? f t r e ? i f f f (8) ffww-t ?irrw, f f t rtffw-a? f t f w t f t f t ffww
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w s ^ f T AtiJic?, f f s ^ fti^ ( W f r r f ) f f f 5 5 f f t t
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t R ( f f t t f .va x f t t " ) , ffffb va wfftfb ( w t t w va f f t t f ) ,
RWeW^Wftf tww I wttf-? fwiftw.ftffrf Rtewtf att
tff?ft'w ( t f W t ) , t i f t w f f w ( t W W ) , t R t t f w ? W f t t .
ffew? ftt-bffw I f v ^ ffwtc? wwfaFfff tfwtR Wfit iH'ott
( w < 3 W f f - - t w t t w w ) , W f f tRtrfw? w t ? f f ? t ( W f t f
wt fff? wft R t f w # t f t f f t f W rttic? 1 at tfWet
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f
vs f f c t w t f c t t t , t a w f f e t t t tiift ( W G t t f t )
cttcf? f t f e w r w fftffSw ftfwtstt? b?t wiew5?t?i fffet?
wtft f t t ^tfw wicww fftc?? w w f f ^ ffww tfft t ? ? f
a t f f W e t ? f f f f t f t Wvaw t t ? f wsft? f f t f f w t t e ? ?
w i f f f f t w t ^ f I ftwct? ftfftiw ( a f f w t t f c r w t f t , W t W ) wet f r t fc?? I ffft wtff w < 3 r i f wt-?twf w?ett, w f
f f f ? wtftvs w t t t c r (tcttri? t r ? ) t ffcf? f t t b f t w f f t t f f f rte w t i t t f f r t ftfttc?? i
( f ) W W f f t i f w s t ? W W f f wwtw t t f ^ w f f I at'sftt t t t t f va t t t f wet? fffcf? a f tw f vsr? f r ? t f c t f i t i
w r ? t ?iaet? w w t e r i a t t f f c f w t t f , ?ntn, t f ? t9?w i i f f o - f f i f t t e ^ ftwftft ttc? ffft t t w w f t - w w t t
w t t v a f f - a ? fftf^ f f f t f f t w rtiJic? I f f i t ? ft?t.?' fffw iife8/i1ffo-ffi wet RWf fC??, f f f
t t w f fffcwt
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JiiAtifl m f t f f m ^ w n n wmrar^nifw s ntAmff-t fnsn

(Vif'O'st't- winTAi' sfr^. f t m : ^ 08 w t t n t f fir g.) 1 s mA-as f^ m s m f f ^ m t n e n sftmcA, f i t n t t n i8 1 fnss
ftwtc<ra winf-n fe? f t i t iraîn f n t w ? i n%n^ 1 t i ^ sm ssmn f s w nmrnffs ^ w f t mnfcs nftmeA-<fT#tft nttit
ftfftTFfra f t n t n f f w wtcA I a f t f t t f n f < 1 tm soAn-soAv) I a w ^ i f w sfsmcA'mmTff-t ctm-t ' t t w f f t m
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f t n wm storey, iA, vos> g.) 1 'wmm-t wm' f f t m mw"^ mntA (f'A'^-t t s n f n - a ntwfnw) 1
mwrn'Sn-ntwitn m:^ fnm AtsicA en, wtsf-s wffsm csfiwnft
(5) ntttsT'Sfw *iiiwit>Hi 8 ( i ) ' w r s f ^ - t T f w f n ' , a t
fl^wilt A T f m n wfims nniwibHi a n t w i n f ^ " f m n n s m n wtfntfnw 00 Alwm stes 1
fnnm m f f o 1 tt^Tn.fnfnmmcn A f f f o nsft n%R:A 1 a t wm'wm-t f t w i A 8 wmf-s fnfnn Rf% wffot f n ^ wm-fwm
t|t%mtf& m s t t ^ f s i s n - t In fsfatc^^s mtr s t s i d t 1 m f n f t atet msm nm 1
(A) t A t n f m - A T w m *mf m%?ra msfprrsnt 1 tm f l l m w - t sfXtif s t m w t n f - n cnmfnRâi^mm'sfnwfnftwari's^
mc<i*f' mm stsic^ 1 gs ( i ) nemsn n s m wmsmn Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan
(\s) mn-t f t m , f A t m n wm f n f f n f n m n m c f fm Arzu his life and works, m8?m fffsnjMS nttcgft; (^)
mnm wtfrnn? nmcmsm n^tnn 1 f f f n mtmff (f. ioeto/itoss) wtmn rnn ftfnn", fnnwtfn-tnf' m s t w m-sfntt; (o) storey
f n m wTWKn S ^ nniwib'im f m r n n nnmn 1 m m f fffenn Persian Literature, i/A t . , b-o8-br8o; (8) f "nsl's^lts
nviiMibHW S t n t n j W W mn-t f t m f n f sf^sinnn wRmcAH 1 wnfnn, m w f w t - t m t n , i t . , ^8-,^^; ( e ) rnn m^ff mnmn,
f n fnmmn met f t n f tfnff8 cmtt t t m c A 1 m A t i ^ t r ^ mntfnmn-t 'wim' fnft is^b- f., f . ^-ir; (b) ^ cntw,
f s i f m n ?pT tmmn wwn^^fn nmemsnm wanm fnt^te^n 1 m m f tin-t mmt, m # r f t mm f f ^ f f m n n ; ( H ) 's'nm 'wtff wtnm
f m n ffmenn ctmtet cnt n n wsntcnn wenw nmft S c f t fnnf^mtft, ntfcn wmm, ntesm i^^^^s 1-, f- A A s - A i ; ( b )
f n m c m I l i t ffmenn ^ nsftn n m n m-sm mn,=wniem awft A t f f n mcAtff, ntngn ffniA, mcAm i s ^ i f., f . ffi-ô ; (s.)
msjm ffaffmnen nftmcA I 'wmgn-sntAAm t f f t m , wm'ffm-t- e n n f n , amsmm i s s o
(8) fnarw-t f f f n , wmnmr-t f f f n m:t tfnn,-^mf, f., f . An-As>; ( i o ) WtA'rnn 'wtft m f m rnnf^-wmtstw,
a j f t nsfnn nsffsT n m e f nmemsm wm AtsicA i m m f a t m:^ n m f s iS)8vs f . , f . 08; ( i i ) fnnt 'wrft f o w , ntmTt fA=>t,
cnt n n nmcmsnm wsmn fnmenn 1 mm R s f f m n n f f fes mcAra isoto f., ->[. Ao t . ; ( i ^ ) ' w t f A t m n t m nmn-t m f n , .
Smnwf^nftmeAi wtm iASib f., f . 8-ff; ( i o ) wtmn "wtff wtmft, en-t "wtwitn,
(t) f f % w t mmfn s t m m - t ' 8 m^sw tm mm^s f&ftteam wfssisftstn isoto f., f . i - A ; ( i 8 ) f f s wtwf f f s , f w t f t -
niwnn inmtiA'SAtmn mess tmmnenn sitn fnew t m fiiwtfîw 's'wim', w t f s m s in isoct f., f . o-s; ( i ^ ) ntfnm ^wtwA
AS I a t ffewm awft mst w f t mm R # m m e ! i n%ie^ I wmfn "wtft, f n r s n ttnftff, wtnffm-t fttwt nt,,wtsnmntn i s o o f.,
R t n m m f m n tmnffew nfertcA 1 f f f tmM^fwAtfnw f . to-n; (ito) w t t n , nttmn-t fwtw wt'snmmn f . i8; ( i n ) f f n
ntnmffn S t n cwm mtcmwttw wen m 1 f m s ffntmw-t mtms-t AtnHwinlwm -t^'wtm-tff, fnft i s s o f., <j. a; ( i b ) -s-nrn
t'tw' nnm-t f f a m ^m nsm m t c w wtnst-t m f n tm Atmmft n r n A t f ' t w n - t fsrait, f n f is-^ss f . , ^ n; ( i s )
fIsibiAnfA (^?fnsn) msmcn msm nra m 1 smffnmA (ci--jij) f m n ^mfffn-ffn, wm'ffm-t-Q'wtm-t f t n , f n f i b 8 s f.;
f m n ftnnw-t sntmw m:^ wwwsfn nemffw fm s fnst bit ( A o ) nentAs n s m , w m s m s f w t f s n t - t w t s f m\ A t f f n ,
t f f n t n wfsmem (nrniAs nsm) 1 mwtit-t f'wtfnn m n f n f s atn^, mtm, sttn t a ; ( A i ) ntswimn
( w ) f s n m - t n n n f m n n n f nsRwm m t w n n 8 smfcss t m tfStW, Shaikh tVIuhammad Ali Hazin, his life
wfmt i(?i8 f t t n # i w I t m s n s t t t n r n 1 tAtew cntfnw vs times and works , mems iS88 f., f . O A ; - ( A A ) fnnt
S ^ s f n w ( m f f n , w t t t f f ^ wtnm ttwmffn)wmf4 ffom f^^,^Ptfnmntmmw 1
s n t t l n f s i n f f (m. m. t.)y^mnfn wtSsm
ws^sm nftstcA I a t ntwncn 8oft stttntfbw w f f m (wtffm)
wtfmw cmw, tnatff wffst, cms n r ^ t f f s fnfnfs nsenn ssffst ^^n^ ( j j j i ) n t t m f f ntfnm w m m s ^mnn,
sftmcA (nentAS nmn) 1 ntftfess ffsntenn wtmt w t s f i i 8 o ibbA-iSff A, S f wfn; wtnf w f f t m 1 n m f c wm 1 tt^ w m n
ftwffew fnnra cnffstCAn 1 tm f t mffnt 's w t f f t w nsen me t R A S 1 'Jwemes ssffot ssm wtss wenn 1 i A ntns
Rsffmnnaf^ttien nftme^ I snen wtnm m t m f m f t m sn I wtmcnn f ^ t n f A m ^mfwffs^
t n m f t ffêwm
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Contents
r? I w t f f f f f f e w?R:t w R j c f (iw f f t f t w , t r ? c t t r t t t ? ffrwrre? .tt? fc? att w w at fctcf? ?twrf?iet

ff?r r ? 1 f? t w t f f f ? W ? f ? ? W?T t t ? ?b?T f f f t t f t t t w??twR-a? sifffft r ? 1
WW? fc?? I f f t f t fi?T t t f t ? f f R - t w t t f , wtw? wt?f w ? t cffettftif tet? te W ? W W H wtff f i t -fw? rte
ftrtf tt?tff t t e t f f t f f ^ w c ? i w t t ? f f ? wr? f p t t t t t t f t t f t f C f ? ttcf, r r t ? f ? f f i t f f i t ^ wt-wtrw?
f i t I w r t ? tbtr? ftf w t r ? wft v s f t t t f R f p ctw r? i rte vsi wtt a?t t t t w f t w t ? ^ e a f ffe?? a t t t t i
' w t ? f - f i ? f f t ?t?r? f f ? r t v s wr? f t e t t ? twef f r t i t w?ff f i t w t t f ? ffe? a?t at t f f t f i t w ? t vs
ffsfvs t t t I wit-wir'e?t?-a? t t t f t f f w w i
rtw f t f e w t , i t . , A A A w ? tf? fte? ( W f f t f wi?-t-f?fftw? W f r W ? R ) viii
8o f ^ WWtf do ro' f t g t f f r t ( f f f s ) w?ffvs i
WlinrfWR (oi-e-ji) s ^'Jt?t wtaet w?ff a f i t f r a i
wt?tiwR-a?fttitetetwtffr?fe?? c d e B o d e i f t w v s f
W t t f f i w ? e t ? te w w f .rw f t t w^sr? ( s v v , 8!fe-ffoi
sm ew CfW r?, b-t/i8f fcf? fi?e8 f r t f t ? wt wttw?
f ) tr? ffftt fe?? I f f f t wtfft (ffr? W f ? ) w t i t f r f t f f t w t w wi?ti??ict wtfsftwe? ?T?r tt i t ^ t t t f f e t ? f t t f t ,
^c w t f w f e t ? atte? t t f f ftf? f t t ? i at f? Herzfeld-a? ? f r W f t t f f f r t t T ? f r ? ^tc f f ffcf W f f i
. t t f f f t e f t ? f t f w e ? vsetr wtfft-t w r ? , w^strt-a? f^ ^ t f ? f t c f a?t W t R t f rê ?ftf a f f t ttet? f c ?
( w t r w f f f ? ^^^) w t f f t w t f w ? fc?? I at t t t f t t t f ^ w?ff I fr-t ffr?trt?-vat f f f t w t f f a t f t w t c f c t wtf.
f ^ T f t vs ' W f f f w r w e ? v s t t t f t t t w t r wtt?t c f t t vsfevso-rfero f t w?c?? a f f t w ? t w t t t t cwa ti?
w f f t - f t t t - a f f t t r ? ( W - t t t f , i t . , f . vv% vb-v-c ff??te?i Stein-a? te a ^ t f f f f l f t f R w t l f f w ?
Marquart Wf?ifre? f t i f r ? w f f f t ? c f f f C ? ? ) i Cft? ffitcfet? w f t w t ? f f f t t e ? I a t f R rtr W f . r wtt
C f t t "wt?? t f f t ? f R i R t wt??Tff?ef wttt? ( t ) f t t s i w e t fwie? tf? f t ? t t t f c t ? vUfft c t f ? }t?eft vs c?f? wftc
wftft f f f t t e ? ? , f f f t f f e w t r rtee? w t r w ? a f t f t f at?vg t f w tt ffi III tftttc? I a t c t f t t w c f 'w??
(fftRW?)-a? f f % t f w e w w t f f a f f t w w fre?? w t cstetilRft t f e s t f f t r e ? ? I
(wt?v8 g., w w f f t t ? ) 1 r w t r t w f ? ct, f s w e ? f f t f 8 ( i ) Wf , i t . , i!vs-ff ; ( r ) Le Strange, f .
?fttet w t r f r t i t w f w t at wet? w f ? aWt wf?? r8i, r8lr, rfeb--lo ; (vs) Th Noldeke, Gesch d. perser
fre?? w t ^^c r r t f f t ^ r e ? 1 u. Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden, ivs , ivsb-, i8'i5
'wt?f? t t t f c t w r p t w R f i t fi?iR-a? a f f t ??t wfcwf& ; ( 8 ) J. Masquart Eranaghr n.d. Geogr. d. Pseudo

f w w fr? wtr-swtâ? fttf f f c f i at f r t i t it/ivsf Moses-Xorenac. i, f . 8 i t . ; (a) Schwarz, Iran, i t . ,
f e f ? tttf^ f ? ffw t t ? R - a ? fTbft f e t e f ? t f f f t t r f . , fff.; (fe) K. Ritter, Erdkunde, fet., ivsfe, i8ff (i)
f e t f f t ? t t w r f f i t I WT??tw? t e t e f ? a f w t f t e w f e f C. de Bode, Travels in Luristan and Arabistan,
?P^.ii^ W f f i t w , tr f i t ffftwt-a? wwf ( f . tf? t Q ? iir8ff i t . , rfeff f . ; ( V ) E, Herzfeld.
Wf"^, f . ifes.; wt-tiffff, % s r i ) I "w?? cffcfilRftet? Petermann"s Geogr. Mitteil-a , i f e o i vi-r ;
?fr W f t t f wt?rw? f i t a f f t f r . a w w i ctttte? (fe) ^ c t t f , Klio-^C, b-t.,> ; ( i o ) Sir Aurel Stein,
W R f wwt? f i t a ? t at^fte f i ? f f t w c t t t r t ftftff Old Routes in Western Iran, t? ife8a f., vo-i,
^ I attte? t? C f f f f t w c t f e w ? r t tt, at a w w ? fba r r - 8 i
?f t t t t f cf5[? vs w t f t t e ? ? wtt? ftww? f i t a ? t t r "ft^ M. Streck [D.N. WilberJ (E. I^j/frrt t t l f f ?
wt3t" ij^^ f j ^ ) - ^ w?jt W f t f ? f t t t f e ^ w?tt f i t nW-'4(KÎtl^ ( ^ U . j V I ) 8Wft-fR-f? Wf Wf?
t f t w f f t b w f r rt I 'srtiwf K a ^ f f t e t ? test test
w t r w t t?? f t t w t W t - W t t t f wt? f f t , w j j 8feo/iofei w e t
tr? t? f f t s r? I wrw f r e ? ? t r f f f f t f c r f f t f ?
w f r w i e ? a?t f f t ff88/ii8fe-ffo t r e t f t w ? w t ? i 'wtw?
f f t f t f f t f t t t t ? # w t? a ? t w rte f r e ? trr?
f f W t - a I f r? ttwrt-a w t f f ffwiff?jie w t j t t f r
s f w r f f a w w t f c r f?sf?s f ^ R f t f wta^t rwtc w c f
t f f wtet? tcfltcvs f f f t ti?-a? f t f WRtf rt, f f f
a?t cft f t w it/ivsf f c f trr f5twict t r t t t f f f w
f f f t c t ? f t t w t ffewcf t t t i b f t ffettf fc?? a t t t r r c f t
t? I W W R ? at ffwet? f f f t f f w ^tc wt??twT? w ? f ttvs f f t
f r ? fffw w^ct? f f t s e t f r t w?? i f t w wt^rf t i f w
=n f f f c tic? t i t I t r r t w f f t t f t t e t ? w f f f r t f t i f f f f f r ?
w t ftwwft?-a? êstcf f r ? f f t f t ? t t f r t t f w Z f f c vs
ttwf f f f C f t ?
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i^RjSjsiD Hiflsns, Rffo Atiiiflt-i cwtn cwtn nmcmsw f s m f a f t f n ^ t ^ onagros-an nnfm i R f wfsc^ R n n a t
n s m n f n e r t t f f n e n s wtn-winntwt%w cwnn ntnmn cn, nmffn rnnntw 'manganikon, nfnew aw nnenn
^"mnnntctt fncnsm wm nm i f m n tpt mm ntwRs f m n Atnwt fmwewt f f t ^ 1 "at atncsf n f f ? ^ "wm, "winntm t e ^
ff'snm ioon/ib-brSs men 'Snnicw 2twttr A S , man s wracntc nftwwt5,T4sM^Snnf^ c^mf^nnfAwtttwt ffnrnn i
Smn wRnn mgWfn fnmmn I fmn nfafwwwten "wtmn'fmtews'wtnmm t c ^ nrnsm f AS
ar^*tft ( i ) tnfn-mwtif, Atntm, mmmtmn i o s e ft., Aira; (wtng. 'wtnmt) i
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(A) ntn'wtf, wtnmn, Aen.; (vs) t n g n - w t s f , fmmwTn, ifxnff i ( i ) Kalervo Hurri Zur Geschichte des
Arannmtn i o e s R , i o n . , i o s - s o ; ( s ) n t f "w, i n . , i s o - * ; mittelalterlichen Geschutzwesens aus
(fi-) t n f n - w r i m , i i t . , sto-n ; (to) t n n mfiwi-t, m f . orientalischen Quellen, CAnff^-nttnfnn i S . 8 i f . ,
iAS>Vib-b-i, i n . , Vro-e ; (s) Brockelmann, S 1. 88b- ; (Studia Orlentalia. nt. Societas or Fennica >>t.,
(b) ' W t f W t f wnftn, La Poesie arabe en I r a q et en * ) ; (^) f Cl Cahen Un traite d'armurerie
Perse Sous les Seldjoukides, Sorbonne, fnfmn Compose pour saladin Bull-. d'Etudes Orientales
i5>o8 f., f n f B I > de r Institut Fr. Damas, i A n . , i^8n-8b f . , f . ,
m m n w n ^ (E.i.^^/fAi^ t n t f f n ien-b I
CL. Cahen (E.I.^) / f S I ^ t s w w w t f
'^K'sJim (ijij^) % n m f f n entmmw n t f t f n cntm
fnetnw nafnetn i tSemn nAicnetn n f g , annfw fjjn fncnt's 'srtiRiK (î_,i) s f n f n n wtnen Stnwewfnnm f I L - o
a t cntm fnetnw nrnni^ msAieit^ rntnw stsnn f l n i awtfnw j U i i ) f n ( f m ) wtntn (wtntfn) n f n n m n f wnsenn w m
mf^ w'^w nfnsTfmo a t rnnntw f n f c n n c w t ate^nw a t ntnft nsntsn mnA^ s t ^ i t n n t n f # i c n wewfnnm f n
wnwwTsfn atmn f t f ^ R^ n f f c w ns.'^tffs s t ^ i wen f^cwn nnst wspn ( W J ^ cntffmw wmmntmmn) wftt sttfn
'wtnmm nfnew a w t ?nf%cTn f A t ntfwfAt f t ^twtenn wtnenRsm w m t s m nmAm ( f . Pauly Wossowa-an
nvintacw fnnt i fnn^) I f f n nnm t w t f n fncw wmmn mmtn s t s n n ^ mn i
cwnrn tm fntnntnwm ntewm ^^mrnni
atnn sfwienn'wtnmm e^nntan ^ t f s n f l n wtwien n f ant
Arran, w f n Rani wtnenfnmn Alwank (People)
f n t m f I fetnn f n c f w n f R w % t a t f n t f w n mmem
f n t f f w n - aw mwnew nnstncnn mmen Se.n^ a w fnenn m n R Se,ff%n tfwAm-wsr [snfm R f cnmn Arian/
cwîfwn f ^ n c n m f cmm'sfn nesnen f n n f n ^ i f c n Aryan-an rnnsm f t A S '^nt w t n f S^mnfCA al-Ran
wm 1 entmntw ntfsfn a t w i f n m f c^nntaew 'fnsjtf w' ( j i j j i ) t f t m^mnml i o b n f f e ^ fen nfn nmnf
m njtemenfn's nm ?t^, I w^new wmenfnnm w t t ftmen f m wm i tmn w ^ fln
f f f n atwm wnft m f f f A t cntm R w n w wtc^tmian t f w m
wtfntn,S?t(uty) mnwtwmm I o b i f f e f wtncnfnm ntwtft
^ s m m f ens nem f f s ^ Aten atnn f t f t stent wtnenfm
f n wnwwfsfn mmm nnenn ^ i awft n n f w nfîw newten
wtwnn wfnm fcwtten aw nm ate^nw na mm t f w n nem wifmn-anwsÂsantctem^ftnenmwf35sn i wtnstn
ntn< n t t t m at w ^ mmem entm-mnm tap ntltew fne^n wm ntn mfew fnrnRn tm awft wmn I cwnm wtsesifnfn awnt3
^ I a t f ^ f n atwtenn wen^tfw mnwt wte^jn c^nntwewt
wn n f n Sscs wnf^ f m n e w t wtnnm ntmm ffmsm wfsw \
'wtsmm nm^^w i ^?tftn n ^ t m f n ^ 'fsss' wtsstens wfsstf st fln fsf%3 wtR
G ntetn ntfn3!fn i tAtenn cwm a f t fnfSfS wtfwntcf f s f ^ wm
f s n f f f f n *wrsntems ntnw rnnnt f n n m "wtnmm wtcftmegn
f s t f t w n I t n w t f f , ( f . i ^ A ) t s n mswm, {% osi8) Sean
cntfnw mfwi s t n , tm w c ' T O f w Atnwt, w n s w f f nwf
wesn, wm-ntfmm nrnwrnntftf f f s n t n t w t f e w ninmwm tAS
wtttemn Snn n t f t f f o ^ I gfwne^wtnntemSwtnntmnmm
wnsenajsRaf^ i
ate^nn .naew newten n f c n mfnw m f n m ^tfaim f n
fnetnw ftntent m n ^ s t ^ i n ^ 'wwsint t a p n e ^ f < , wtsnfn wtncnfncns nmwnenn cstnrn f f f t stAf wesn
ntft afwfw wnemn f n n m wtew nfnetn m f f < nnntw ft?nten ant f f - ^ - w c w f n m s n w n wnsnew wteftnm i n - a n w ^
fsjsPiwfIn I wfnrn a t ntnftn mtfwwt f i t wenn ( t s n fsntmnfnA, f . iAA;
nsnw'wmntm t f t atm w % nfmffs ann awft f n f n swiff, f . iSi8) I wmnnn a t cnet wtfnm cnffw mtenn, tm
s t e w t^ ^ n t C A , ntm n n m n f n n s n n e n f a j ^ n w , w n ^ fnRg cmt cmt f n m f e ^ f n ^ ^^m w t c A i tmei^ c w ^ cws.
t n m f R*?wm
t.fn.-^s>i
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Wl??t?
tttrnw? W f t w tit, t?i?i? tsftm t i t i f t w ? twct? 1? ?tcw I tt?ftttw (LI,/. CH J ^ ) ffWfic? w i f t w w f w t

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w i t c i i f t t t rratH wtset tsf StTO w<t mt f t w r fftw t t f w t t t t w f n ? f f f t?wi? fc?? I f n ? f f f t wttsi

t f t i w r ? t t w t n t i t t t a w r ? w r % ?iwtw? w f w f i t i ftcfif W t t f C f wi??ct? new t t f t ftfw f f f t f t ? i ? wncf?
t t t f f WWI wrtwfttt.wt?twt t P i t t f w sttw tit I t t t l f t f c t t t ^ f S l Wl?^ r t . I t w b-QS 'f^lCR? t f c f wi?ctffw? fW?
ftrcs w t f t w ? W ? ats. t i t t t w ? Wl3Ftt t t t w ? f t t f ? t t t f f W t t ? f t f t t i t f c t ? tfftftt fc??, w t ? f n c f w
f t f t wi??if?i stfwtew W W f w f t w t cwt ft?W 1 frt?fstf^g?iffftfcf wwtticwffftffwf?tr? I a t t t w
f w ? (W)-a? ffwttc? cttwtct a?s f f t t t (w)-a? t i ? W t W??1CR? t i t f t t wi??ir?? ?iittw r w r w t f f r
w t t f i c t ? s f t t f f c f titw? t ^ ? t f"wt r t f ? tt? wtww? t i c f ? , ftf wi??tc?? t t w ? ? % t f t t t f t i t f t t f n wtr
ctwcf w t t t t t w w t a w t t t ? r t w f c ? t f n ? f c t wi?wc?? fC?? I
Sftt? 2f?it t r ? - c ? W f t t , tttti.wi, f t w w w t f ? wtwa , f f t ? t t t ^ t w t f ? ctet? tfc^ ppp, iftf? sttt wtrt ttw
wtncf? W f t w r? I t t t f f f i c t w t t t t t ttw? f t f ? tMtCf? ?s.f?ft S t t - f r f f t i ? f ^ e t ? f f t fdn? f l c t t i ftf f t f ?
t C 5 f wf??It f C ^ t t t t C f ? ( f . W W f f , A o ; W T t t f , i t . , w w t j t f , f f r t ? ftfw f ? t f ? fs? wtact t i t t f i f r w t e w
Ab-b-fe-iii) I t t c f ? (f. t t t r t f I t , o8b-) I fe8i rtr fsiR t f w
s t t t 'J^[W>? t ? -a f w t f t w (W)-a? ffWftC? t t w wtftt? t f ? f r i w t t f ? f t t f f ? wt??tt -9 wtw?w?wR t t t ?
w r n w w wt?t w t ? f s f t f f l w r? I t f f f C f f ? ttr? t f w t f r ? ? a?t wtfttrt? w f f w s t t t t f t t l c t ? f r t ? t t t w i f n ?
wpct t t w f w m t wwtr t t c f I wt??iw f ^ i t r f ? w ffwttt w t w t c t i58o ^m ? = t t t f f f tittiwi ( wtatw
f f c t ? ffwr? trs? t s f ^ f i t , ' w i t f t - w f t c f ? f f w f i r w ? t t w w ^ r ? I trt? t? wi??t? W W fttwt? t t f t t w t - a ? w t t i f w
f n w i ? r t f ? tf?iwcf?.nw wr??rt? w f c w t ? ^n?^ f t w w? I t t w t f f f w t s r t ? t f t r f w t t f t t t f w t f
WttrttfW ffwr? tC5f t t f p r? ( f . J. Mlyldermans, La w t f t - w t t s t H t t f ? t f t t t f t tf? fr"twt tf? t t w t
domination arabe en Armenie, Lo uvain 1927, 88i-8(?fe/io8S>-iofe1 t t t f f w t l t f f r ? ? I 8>!sb-/io<\(? t t C t
99) I (wt?rsit?w? wttwttr f w w t w f f r t ? t ^ f . w t t f f , t t w f t t t f C f w t t t t t f f t w f r t ? a f w ? c t w t f t tsef?
ô(t-H) t f t t ftwt f f f iol/lAff-fe t w t f f ? Wtww t f ? ( ^ j j j ^ j ^ ) - c f wf??ir?? t i t t f f f f f ? f f f w f t f ? I f f
' w r t f f t - w f f r f ? w t t f i r t ff?f5 wi?? c t w w f t f wi??iw ffWfffeT? t r w 8? f t w t f t t f f i f t t wt??iw f t f t t f t f i t ?
cwwirt? f ? i r? a?t w?i?rt? ffwc^ f c ^ t t w W f w w t c f f w a??, f w f w f f wrtt f s t t w f t f ? W W t ? wtw?
cww t t ? f t w w ?r?n? f ? t r? I tiw?rt? f t f r ^ w t f w ? t ^ wfffi??sw I
% D. M. Dunlop, The History of Jewish Khazars, f f f c t c?wtt? wt??te??'st^f f f t r ? t r t t w wttiwi? ft?
Princeton 1954, 60-87; and- F. Gabrieli, 11 w f f f t ? f w t f t w t w f W r t , ftf i r r i cw^fctw
califfato di Hisham, Alexandria 1935, 74-84 i c t w f t t c f fist f t f w c f c t 1 t n ? t? fttwt wt??ie?? f r ?
f W t J I ?s,f? C t ? t f f t t t ? ? t ? t f t f r i W t ( i i o - A f e / trr? f f t t w r ? i c t t w t ? w f w wf?w? wfw?w?wtc?? te??
i i - 8 8 ) - a ? t i t t f t c t t i t i t t t fsiwwiw t?itww r? a?t wit? t s f ^ r? a??, a f w ? t t t f f w ? f c r t c f t t t t fc?? i ctft^wR?
tittfpwtwsiffflwr? I f c t e t ? t? a t wtset t t w f f f f w i ? ffwt? w f w i
w t t t t w f t i t i i wt^?lf t t t t f t c t w t f t i f ? f f f ? w t p i ? ^ t f ? t t t t f ffcit? w t f ? t r? f i t t w t I wttfct? wet? t ?
?iw?st wtttct? w f w w f w f t w w t l t t f t ? ttwttw f C ? ? I wi??tw w e t f w t t f t f t fftf r? a?t t e t i w f ctttt f t t r t ;
www WQW rt t t w f f g t ? I i8e/ifer-a? ii?cs a f t f f f wi??tc?? w t f '^ffet ?flw w? I Cftw t? rte tn?
t i f t i c t w t t r f t f t n c t w t p t ? wttt? tj?n? cttt w? I a t t f f r t t wT?t?W?wfe?? t f f r t e t ? a f f t w s t f t w e t t w t f f t
t t f t l f t f i R WfWwf w c t w f t r ? I rot/b-rr-a? f f r f ? tfCf I
f g i ' 8 f f r t f w w i ? ? t t ( ^ i j i ii^j-.) -a? ?T?W? c t w W? I f f t f t 8 (i) Mosses Kalankotuaci f t f w wtftte??

tat rrfe/b-8o-a? t r ? tTwnft tl?t^ r? i t f f t f f r t t ( f f f f f t ifeir % ) ; (r)tf??tf? w w 5. A.
afif? tfr?t? ttftfr?? f f f ? t t t f c f w i ? ? t t wifwrt? Manandian, Beitrage zur albanischen
ww-ff w t f t w f l c t ? a?t b-ri w b-rr f at Geschichte Leipzig 1897, 48; ( ) t t W t - f ? f C f ?
tftwe?? c t t Varaz Trdat s<St1Cf? WiW ffr r ? i at t t f r t c t ? W W f . J. Marquart, Eransahr, 117; ( 8 )
t t t t ? t f f f t t tc?t f ? t f ? fww w ? t ^ tif%? t t t t f f tir?i c f t t t f t i f ff??Ct? w t l f . Le S t r a n g e , 176-9 "s r f ^ t -
t t W f ffJlCflt
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Contents
1A
'WHR, OfeV-8ov5; (ff) WlSSlmS SfttfnW t*i1lf f C t S ttÂlOIS m An, fmm cnn mst (intiution)-an sffw ^tntcntw ntw
w m g. J. Laurent, L'Armenis entre Byzance et wenn ant ^ wntmen wtmenn fnwt wttnn wen, tfantfffwn
rislam (Paris, 1919); (to) t f n f n m w - a n w m S. ntAtm njf^cncwt witntn nest f f i t n m ^ 1 cncAS cwm
Minorsky, Caucasica TV. in BSOAS 1953; ( l ) tfffnwt wtm fctn cwm f t 5n>i<ienn atemwn An m 1 ewms
m w f n?,%r fntncnn w m f . f m n nsm, studies in f j 3 R Stwnt atemetns atentwn as m 1 wtmm nss-mtcnn cnA
Caucasian History, London 1953; (v) tfnmnT s mi mf|m tRg ^ f n ntewi wtentAt wenn-B^ tnewnvs wn nncn
m f f w fwiRs fnnnctn w m 5. Zeki Velldi Togan-fw
ntAt ttsm WtAtenn m?w mwrlnw 1
Arran f n w fnn^, lA-CW 1
st^tit t ( i ) ftnift-'wtmn, g. t f t n w f e n ; (a) win'^f,
RN. Frye (E.I.2)/f^tlnnftwtn
f f w , ot., offAt.; (o) tnftt, .ffwtwntw, wmtn <io; ( 8 )
( J i _ ^ ) . % Wtnff, tmn famtfn t n t m , tm w t f f , R n n t ^ - f S W t m , Atoo-Atob-; (ff) tt'snm-^.n-tnt
ttwcm wmwn rnn 1 w t f n w wc< fntrtw ^siff w t m (nnnent), nt. 8 t . , ova; (to) t f n tmft, fwtRnt. i t , ffnm to
c t m t w vsiffcw f m n 1 temct f%mcn w i f f m f n nn^m a; (%) fnewtaimtm, fwm^m-m'wtm, i t . , aS' t.; (v) a .
A t t n I tmn wtns n^cnft atfwt^ nftntcA 1 n t t w t f n Guillaume, Prophecy and Divination, II, 7 ff.,
(fsfftnns) I wtin rnntntn w^tw 'wissiwcw sltîfltiî, wtmew 198 f.; (fe) I. Goldziher, Abhandlungen zur arab
fsfws,m nsn; f n wmtcw feptn wfnew ttfnen i s j f w t c f t f n Philologie, i, 25.
awwn fbfwtnw ant wtfn nmtm s ntwenn wtnmwew wrmenn A.s. Trltton (E.i.2)/cms wtnfn rnnrn
mtm afttj aimn wfnn, nfn wtmm c m t f ^ f n e w tten 1 a t "jtwH
*^5rR[r(5.fnf)' ' ^
'wif<tiw Ate^cAH nttai3cn ntntA" t f n wtwtnt s wm-wtnmw
wm-wmtf I ^sm[r (f.fnnt)
wtftn m t t w Atc^cAH, fnetnw cnt mf^ fniR at^twtfn wtt, {J. ^) s ^tw attn aw twrfew wmewftn wtten
wtsnt w t m w n ^ Atew nRw Sn i f w m mftn wenn w t m enft ntfnwtmfn ff| ffn 'wist nten wtmtff 1 i b r f f i ncnn ito .
WtAW m Atment n^ mftn fnm cmt 1 wRtw wtcA, 'wtnmw-an ^fcrnt wttn 'fn nt^Ft wfnmn smn nnn "sêw wtnt f l i f f s ^ '
nfm wtftn wctnn wn 1 wntj t ^ f n n n ^ w f nrnef wef mm^w ^tm wtfncwcA, nfm mtfnf wtmn tm ntmfnn
fnf%f fwtn nwmw nftmcA 1 stnten wtCA, cstn mm mfwt wef nmAw An s etnn (cnnn-wffnSitenn S^ ffn wn^cn),
ntn, "wtptw wtm ntm nn 1 fmtRn wtm fwffwn wf nnwrstn nnettDn nn (cnnn fwfnfn mesen), InR w n f R ' (cnnn
wfnmnwtf 1 cn mf^ fctn fwn wtm w^-stwjesm ttn-stffw wtfnfnmn) 1
cnffm wfnnmtf wen, cnt Atf 1 awft mfcA wtcA, "wtsntw wtm wtnfw%tew nrArm ffnn cntt nrRwtm Rtm Atn,
wtftcnn tmnâtAn wfncn cn mR w f f ^ , nffs WtAtn wtfaOT nsnwtfn% cm't nten f f f R nnfn wen ant mm wfnn
nfnt tnnm nmo 1 niRntRwtm nnfn wen wtmenn nem nfRt ntnw fnnm fftmrn
"wtnn tffn-'wm ctmtw "wtfrnw fmrnn m, nnt ntn fln I Rmn ^ f t (sncss ntntewn wn 1 tmn awft istn
fRnmn wm Rtjtw flenn 1 ^tf at s wisin ntnw ftwn têws attmfnw ffmff mm cttamfCAS mfnmffw Ssntfnwtn-mf nnn
nm mm f f n ffnfsn wffmflenn en, w f n tfwt (m) wen ant wtnft mf^mcifn fn^R mm ffnew w R n f n
atten wnn^^ Atntflenn (wtw-wtntf, it., vsAffo) 1 wftnn mtRcw tfnnw wRiw mn 1 tfnwten fs^t m wfnntt
ttsntfn-mwt nenn, wtftnm cwm m, ^ wtm Rmn fffA stew est nwn f R nsm AtslcA wtm mtfs cmtntenn
(nttjt)rnnrn?wRs m, nnt wtmnt mwtfnw f R mm StnR wffs wm ttmw (mwm m wn) atm atm^ nnfn wen ant
ant mm enffo s fnwwtm mm mttjt wRs 1 at t f f r fnfnncnnew ffnn n f c t ^ ^ n f f ^ mfnw ftnten fncnsm wen 1
wffsmtfn nrttn cnmn wm mwn mn mm An, nfns tm mtffs-an' fffnfesn mRwrm ntm ent n^finnet^ fnnm.mm
attnw m f wtm Wf ste 'swrew fnfenn wm rnnA^ ^st 1 ntftm finte? atn t # wtmn cwins nmmen S t f w Am ntn^
t f n ttnfn wfnmmf mnn nrnef awft nwnrn ctt wfnntCAn I ntt I ntnf^ ntmn ncr m t f ftnrn ntete^ at wm ftf%wwten
tm ntnntmtn awft fnetn st 1 ntnnt^' atmen tR cn, tm nm sen, cttnt-ftR attfn mtfnf ffn-wttcnn atfR fnfet fm
WtAtn cncAs fmfw m f ^ ffwtfn wtnrtf%w mewr wfnentAt fftwt ttnn wfnm wtfmwcA I win cttnt f R wmmsntn wrnwf
fncw mes 1 cnm ntft wtmenn "mwttnw amtwt mm ^ nntm armn, cwfta tmenn '^mftm .^îfn at^ ajnt arsf??n atwR;
t n m f ft*:wrs
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Contents
wn I f f w f s 1nf%f m Atc^cA s ( i ) ftnw nt njRtw n t R ; ntnn fn wtn-ntwfn n4nm wtmnfncw ffnnmn S n f f n awft
(A) w t t n nt wtnn nt mnfn (cwntn f^sn ftc'an Snn tAS nfnrn Sc^n wm a s , entmen cAfs cAts wtmw bntbcns nw
tnsnfn); (o)f*n nt f f nt mn wtm'wt (cntn nramfnns awft mnn fln ant tsm bilsfnw mfn cmnfnf^ awft aftfn mm
mfnwim); ( s ) vsntw-w m ^ I f (ntnaimn atfw % i w fsnfncnn ffnenftw fln i tAcn m f t ftws?wtf fnf*ft a f t nnfwn s
wm wPR f - n f f % ) I at nwn ftn^c^n aw awft aw aw f t f t emnnmm nftmcA, mAiens aw^ attw-tnmf fcfn i tme
nncn f f t w st i cwtnft fftw s t c n mm fnen f w fnntnw ffff rnn, at fnfnn wfjfnw tAsft awft attftn amwt ^[fwt
wtnffnn ncnj cwtfftn mmm fnmntn wtmn Snn i ntmm s wtcA I wtn-tnff tot/iAt t m f n mwfntfnte tmew f awft
wtm?*fn ncm l>w n t w S ^ wtRwtn nmfww tfwmenn wnn^ f R ftnten Scan wenn i fw^ f n fn tm awft fnffw
?nf*tj I ftn f%^, entmen wtAtwnfA ntfn nt I
wtcntfew ntnfn ntm nc^s iirbo nen A A 'sfe fnenB w'^w mwSnfww ffnmsnt tAm fwenn wmn i wm-wramsmenn
f f w fnm ( i ntwfC6n) W f n t f cnm ntn, w t n e ^ cmamf^ nnfwf <3 wefwm Sntnjtcnn ncm ff-fnsfeAS nnn (8sf/ion
(wtentfgw) f nsfnn mfnw, ntm ^stmm ftsîf m atntmswien t w t f ) tmn t n f f ttnwcnn wpsttm atmnwm ntfnmcnnew
cmn wfnm wtfnewe^, wtm cn cwtns ntcsit m ^?eft s ^ i cten mtitm ensm a s I wwsfn i^men wtmffnenn wtsf^
atmnenn mmwen ^m^mm at ^nfew n t f % w t t f ^ wfnmenn wnsnfi n f ^ fwf ffn/iit t m f n n ^ tm wtnm
mmen w m n fnnnw fnfms wttcnn wt^wtn wtm wmmw i at Htnm An i sn/iot t m f n atnntcif fnmn tm ntf f nfnm
fnnnew cwg wfnm fnmn nwm afwj^ fnemfmm nfwt et i at wtn-fmfnf n-an f^fwfcn nfnnw'as ant wneten ion/i^t
fnmn wen ncntfn wttn we w w t t w n ^stens fwSRfn t w f f n ctnfncw snR Snfcnnftnnsf e t f n wfwntenn nns tm
wttn wc'TO f5wn Rwtcan mmen f-ntf% nmw ntm nfwm . f5twteniRrÂn i
Stt n^ fnens wftn nnnjm awft wtemnfnw mm wtmm ipmt ati^nft 8 (i) tnn Alswln, Wf. de Slane, J A , ib-8 A f.,
mtmcA nfnm nen^ i im, i b i ; (A) Bakri, mt, Wtfwntn iîi f., f. 1^-bo,
xt* J ( i ) Dr. Worms, Recherches sur la Wf. wtntwrnf iiiA f., f . i'Jsi; () t f f f , ntt. Bozy^ de
constitution de la prbprlete territorlale, 1846; Goeje, f . iSA, Wf. f . Aoto; ( 8 ) Leo A f r i c a n u s , 11
(A) M. Pouyanne, La proprlete fonciere en viaggio. mm. R a m u s i o , cfnn ibiA f . , f. i o n (Wf.
Algerie, 1895, 130 t.; (o) tVIercier, La proprlete Epaulard, mtRr ibffto f., f. ooo-i); (ff) Gsell. Atlas
fonciere en Algerie, fnetnw ( 8 ) F. Dulout, Des E i r c h e o l o g i q u e , tat o i , nt A l
droits et actions sur la terre arch ou sabga en G. IVlarcais (E.1.2)/a. atb. an. nfww
Algerie, 1929; (ff)'Wtft'mnft n ^ f. Ph. IVIarcals,
Textes arabes de Djidjelll, iSiffff f., f. An, ttwt o i
^ r m m 'O^rtt^ ( ^ L ^ ^ J ^ J I ) 2 ibffo-is.oto f., mn
J. Berque (E.l^j/cms WtWAmwiff t n f wtnfn-ntf, wtm^n (wfnmn) wtstm, wm fnff, fsf^ S f
cnnw wfn 1 mien ft^ fnwtenn nmmf flenn 1- w t f f n
^5tT?rt^ ( j j ^ j i j i ) gwtnesifnSn^ Wfntf awit entment wfwmftw wesn 1 f f n msmm m f n fnmiw wRm
t^ itAmwn^fln'3mn(Oran) s nncft fmcn n m ^ ftwsm-t tt=n-an awft wmfn (wfenn nnem fmm ntentwn)
wtwnm n f n cmsmn m t f n (Rachgoun) fenn fmjf^t i
Rem? ant tAtew wtntm men w f f t wenn 1 f f n m f
m t f n tsm mnew fm^fwn wwen Atmtm mm "stew
fwfitifnnm fnnsfnw wtem fnfnnm wenn I fwR fwn s artfn
wfnmc^t
Ss nsenn w f ^ mmt ssesn I >
at fnfmn w??fnw nnnit Portus Sigensis wsftt fnm mtmRsewm, i/iA
(Siga) mnenn f R wfnwm wfnmfAn, ntm tin ntwt nttewn
(Syphax)-an ntwntf i 8</ion t m f n afnnfnew i n t n f n îM"!)^ ^ . f?mt)
w ^ f m n mwt t f n fsrtmn t f n fmnntenn fnwt's^tsegn îKO^-il (-c^jj^j]) s ( A r c h i d o n a Wfm Sn^[fm
nnn msim at tsenn wm cttm nm i tnn mt^wnn ssf/ion ( < ^ j i l ) , nf^n ctenn awft artfn t ^ ntmn fntwn mn
t m f n ffffme'5' at tACsn wm n-^fnt wenn i f f n f m n n<fnm nftwwten wtm mt 1 ^flt tAstt msnrn mmm (tviaiaga)
Scan wenn, nnn wewtmn n f f wtf-ntfn-enn awwn mn afenctn Ssn-fn essfen snifnn-fs (Guadalhorje)-as
fnwmm nrnmnenn Wffn, a t t A s e w fnmn nRm cwtenn i wenw ^^nens Rsstnf wtnwtfnt (Antequera) f t t (Loja)-an
t n m f fmscwm
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WT?ftP?Wl?ff
t t T f t f tJl%r (Genii) t % f w w f ? i f r t ? CWtsfttlf fftc rt, at Wt t T ? t f t f f t t r f t ftwww? f l c t t i fei/irt

W I w ? ? t t f n fe^Hi i t w t i t fWi? w?r ft? f i ^ t w f t w ? tcf? t t r w t t f w W f ? wt3ct w f f f tter? a t w ? ? t t t ? t t
f f t ? i f t t I irf?i f r f c f f ? ^ f n ?f wt?fttf?t ? i w wtfft ?sw ?t?it ffte t t c f I
(mf-w, i t . , ^ f ^ f f vg i t . , r o H , w i f s f T t ) I a t fr?1t f f t f 8 ( i ) "ttffft/fftlf, twt. Houtsma, Recuil
f w H t w trf! eJWt W?JT (Rejjo ? l f W1?W ? f ? de Textes relatifs a I'histoire des Seljoucides,
tVIalaga afWWt? t t f t J f l t ) - a ? ? l W t t f t i t i t t f t t J f f r t r t . , b-8, rffff-b-, t n ^tc t ? f t - w t f ? , i o t . , iib--b-o; (r)
f t t ? t f T rtffT-a? Rctiirfiw f f ti w ? (ttrr? t ? f ? t w r t t f ? f - W ' a w f f t - t i t ^ w t , twt. f r ' t w t t f ? i t , wen?
f f ftt f ? t f t ? Bobastro) I t ? ? f ? s i w r t n f l t M ifeoo '^.^ fj. oo, 08 ( w f f t - t f?rttt, ftft f r i w t t f f w t f ?
?twfj? f t t w f c f t f t t r ? 1 vofl-/i8oi t w wtttttt w t t - w t t f W W tt?fb t f c t t a t t w t t t w ? wi?f?-a? w;tt
t t ^ ^ (Calatrava)-? t t t t W t f ? (Grand tVIaster) f r f t t f ) , 8 o ( f . t f f t w t f ? , 0 8 ) , as; (o) "Wlf t f ? WTft
t t t tswt I wft-titAiff t?t f t f f W W tftfb, w f t tttWf, twr.
s t f t f i ( i ) Dozy, Recherches Sur I'histoire et la wtrwt w^ftwft?, csr?t? iooVifeb-, f i r A i o i
Litterature de I'Espagne (o? tt), i t . , A S i H t . ; ( r ) Cl. Cahen-(E.1.2)/fnWf t t t f f ?
Ctt?s, Histoire des, tVIusulmans d' Espagne, ^K>I1H -"n^ (Li jiL^j I) 8 t t t t f f t t f t t t t t t t
rt., i V i , r o r ; ( ) tVIadoz, Diccionarlo t i t t r f f f t H f t w f at w t t i r c f ( f ?f? t f # f f f t a f 11.,
Geographicoestadistico Historico, r t . , 8fe8; (8) wftf?, c5?f? t t w t , f ifeo, ct? ?a ft.) wrspf-fff ttftpp
Simonet, Description del reino de Granada ( r ? w t f t w ? t f f W f f t f t f f f t i w f I wi?twe??wwfW5t?wftrts
tt), % ir8; (<f) ^ cttts, Historia de los Mazarabes, fter? f f . w f t t w t f f W t W ? w f t t t ? f f l i r t t t ?
f . ji>rv I t i t f ^ - a ? f w t f l c t t I f . f vaw? w t f t - t W f , 1. feii, ct?
CP. Seybold (tt.tt.t.)/?^^^ t t t t t t f fcat? f t f a (j^jîj j ^ i 30 o g . w n f f t - r i ? ? , f.
i b - - r i ; at f e f f ^ ftwer? f f ? t f 5 f f f f ? ^ wtc? i ff?trjt
^smppTRÎf j " ) 8 Wftrt5ftr-a?
8<T<t/iob-r-b-o t f c t ? f w f t e t wft% r? ( f . f ? T ?
5tW I ttftts tier? f f T iStWT t f f t t t t t t ? t t t t eJWt t t t
W f f t - t W f , f . rofe t., f ? t ? (.^Lli; j j j L . ) I w t t t w f f ?
tsw? a t t frt? ttsFWf ctt? w t ? a f ait f l f t i ^ f c f tttw
t B ? 8 Ife ft. w e t wtisjrt fc?? ( f . i?ff i-t w f f f , f f t f t w
t?r fC?? (8b-V/iofe<J) f ^ f n ? tttfw Wt? t t f f f W i ?
t t w t , f. r ; f. ffii-a? f f w w f W f f f T f t e t w t t t r
ftfc^ 'jf f r t ? t t f t f t t t t g p f i f ?i?ft?ict tl?? (j,^...),
Wfttwe?? ? ? t r t t t f f Off ? ^ ; t f t f w f r t ? wtt W t 8 tfe
f t t f ^ , t t t t t t ; t1f?f?1? titft? f f f t f t t f tRst t t t c t ?
fr.) I f? t t t f f t i t w f t (f. Wvs>a?tt eob-/W^ i i i f f ,
tttJct f f f t f t t w ^ fc?? I c t t t f w f f f t 8S.O ft. ttet f r t ?
t t f t - w f f ? , t t t t f f f IW, f f t ? b-rfefe)-a? ffw W f t f f
ats # t t c t ? rcw ftr r ? i f t w ? ?t?f?i?^-a? ait
( f f w w t f t - ' w t w t , t a f - i o f e f , ?tff?) f n ? cwji^ f a
t r c t t f titwt? w f t t r c ^ wi?ft-a? t t a tt ? t t ? ??^ f a c f
'wff5f-ww ct??tf ftft fnswtet? w t t f f c t w t f t f l c t t ,
ftwff fftc t w t r ? I t f f t - W T t t ? ( i o t . , f 08) w t ?
( f . w i f t - f i ? f w t i f t l t f f-t w f , t w f wt W t f f - t
a f w t w i ? f t i t wi?f?-a? f t t f c ^ t ff??tcft i w t f t
W f , f. r r i , ffo8, fffeo trfft) ftftntw wfe?frt f c t t i f f f
w i ? t t t t - a ? a t Wt f n ? f t f t rte t t t tt?tf?tt-a?
f r t ? t ft r t t w wtcttrct? tcJT tesft f ? w w c f ? tetr ^rf^
a f t t t f t t tt f C ? t t t t t f t f f t t r tW?T f w t t f t f t f
f r? att wftff w t t t w ? f ? WW c t ? w f c f rJt f c ? ?
(heir-presumptive}-?fCt cttft r? i W t f t f t ^ - t r s t l f t f -
(fftwtft-'wtwt, t a f i o f e - f ) I f f f t WW w w c f t c f s rJi
tlfSrftUTt ( f . 8o) f C ^ tCtt a t ^ tJ aftt? ft??fCff, W
f C f t w t t t ? f fc?? I f f f tir?it tfr t t t f a f w w ftft f f w ?
tfft a t Wffttt? w t t f t c f w t t t wfttt?-a? fgtict f c g t
f f T ? f^ ^tc fttw? tesf w f w w f ( t ? t f ? a w f f ) t l c t ?
ftfstcff w f t t f t t t f t f ttcr? W W a f t w f t i f f f
t f f w ?wt t t ? (1?tf1-t ttftf, Raverty, f . i8br); ? ? t
t f ^ - w t f t ? w f f ( f i i b r - v o ) t W f f ? f t t f f ( f r<f')-a?
tc w t t f tier? W W f j T ? t w : ? rfe ? t t ? ??^ f l c t t a t t
w f w t f w f n ? tesf f^ r t t i f i t ( f . f<3?t?-t w t f f , i r i
f : f ^ ? T f ^ f f j ? ttcsf c f ? t t f ^ t t t e w a f t t f f t f t
t., iii t.) I
(sm f t ) - a ? w t f f f f f l c t t I ?ft a t w e t w t t t w t f t w e t ? a t w w t3Ff!? W f f t ? wt?twt f t t f c W t t - f t W f t -
W W I t , >ptfff-WSW f t f f t tt?t f t f w (Elliot, History,
Cftt W W t t c f wr? ctt? WW wtw tt? w t i t n ts? f f t ?
t t w f ffSCftt
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^m^H t R
i i , 483) fSntn to t l ^ s i H , - o S > / A A W ^ S l f , i i i t o nm ns wesn i mfft-t wtfn-ttnnttft ate^ (mstw ioto w, mftfn)
RtAPim WtentAt mm ( f . ftvsnH-t ntn'îi, f . NSiS t . ) I WtAts at fcitn fnnst m m w r ^ f n wtfn- win "n-an ntwssfn ttwt
f j t m t # ? i fsnnets wn g. Rodgers, ' S A ^ I H f t w t f t n <t>Rt m ^ fmrnâffn nftw mtfww m^mftn f w f wfnwts ^fw
Atnt ( f 1n>p- wtA'stn s f n f f s , tos>i AtttAtg?, cwnt WtfttW; wmein I
f^sntn, CWAStn nt^mt, f . otxt) A S , ntfnw wtnnntn 'wtsfn-sntPt' wtntft (f. ffffff/iitoo) wt>ffrennrnntntnS^
fniAtncn wtcntActn wnr mn t n n wfssttActn i w t t n ntAntn ntntn nft mt# awft ff^ wfnm nsm wfnmcin, (g. ftnntn
mens R i t n wttnt ntAntn-wtntANtnens fnn tt^vsntn <toh/c^. m%, m ^ Rafsnjits, tarwtot.,f w wft atwttm ntft^tA.,
iiitont^WtAtswRcsww^tnSnntftwAS I ntnn, cwsmn ioos> % , i t . , o i i s o i A ) i
ntnttA wtnnntcnn wen ntAsm ttA ftnwtn ^ n t ntstcsin w m mfnw wtnnntn tntfw sn '^t tfn (ff i o / i i i t o ) ftt'Stcn
w t s n m n t t A (a.) t n n ffsni-t t t A t s n wt^ntnn ( f . tmnn wsw ffs atfwfnfn fAimn t f n fAiftenn ntm ^ nmest
ff-on/ii8A)-an fnsst f f s n t n t n n wesn i enttn stew fwft wenn i wtstnew ntfwts ^ wtmn w f n t t s t t fswft ^tm A O
ntAtm mes w m ntnwtess fnwt estfsw An (fsstfnw fnnsetn w m t t s m n , ffio/tfnntn Aff c^s^ntff, i i i n men ttnfte stent wesn
5. wtA"mn fwsntft, wrfft wtnsnm, % A A t . ; f A i m n t f n a s t s % n f n n wft,ai^ i fm-ft'^, ffio/ aStn, i i i n mn
t f s t f n , w t s n t f t - t wtn-t n t n ^ w - t fwsmn, m ^ bb-trto {., tn fwfn wtm w s f R wesn i ntAStn ttAcw f n w m ntAfcnn
f . Aff; mm^, A l f t w i , mtent ivsos ft., f . toNSb-toSA; t n f n - fntAinen nmn A S at tew, fwfn atfwfnn aw mwm ftmn sm
wtftn, fent^ n t ^ t , b t . , Atos> t . ) i ntAsm t t A fwmes wfnenn I tAt wtmenn wm awwn'wtfnn-t ft'anm tnfs wm A S

ntnwtesn 'Snwtj m nsfsnifAenn,wtmfn-Ainn ate^ ( f . V O A - 8 )
(niwtfn-ninn, S t . . so; siAln-ffn, itob) i tsm t s nrnwm
tAtn fn^tfsw fnnst n%teA 1 a t nnn ntnwtn f t n mwt f n w R
fntmn fwfnm m i R f mnwrs fwftm msm tn wf?, e i i / i i i n
fAtmn (f. ffii/iiin)-an nAwtff flenn i fwfn ntfnw
men mfnw wtnnnm ftn ftfftft ntftft nenw ntnft wtatmt
wtsnntnew stsstn ttess nesf nf% wntn tntn^ cnn; f w f wtsnmn
wesn I ntssm ttA wtatmt stRemen wnsn ^ m mnm ntnw ^?ten
t m mm w ^ m t , ^ t s f fwtn f t n ntmn n c r fsisAi^ wesn i
wtnmtn sscsn i ntfwm mnt ^cw Tms csmt won i at
a t w m ntnwtn T n t ntAStn ttACw nesf n t m wtnnmnew wtai^nt
fnmmttff wtsnmnew tntsen mm wes I wseten'swntenn mwsj
wesn ( w t f t t - t ntntfft, wfnwtm ibtob f . , i t . , ?>) i ntftw
wt3cn wmnmnew cJtwmn wRn ntsntn ttess Ate wft wm AS
wtnnntn mnwtnew wtapnt ^stew fn^g w m n w m f m r n n
(Elliot, History, 11, 199, f A i m n ' W t s f t - S nnte) I
fAtmnew wfents wesn; f w f tAtew ewtn w n A t n m
mn'^-t mm-t nmm (ftsmn, f. n i , wt i A - i o ) at f ^
( t s f n - w t f s , f . ft.; Alftff-fnnts, este^ n???st ibffn f., f .
f ^ nmcw awft wfnwt nsm wfsntcAn I tme ntAsm ttAcw
o o ) I wtnwtesn ntet fwn mwtn 1ms f l n ^ t f n w ntnw ^
f m m wfnm nenn,,wen mtf f^Hwtenn tm ctmt wftva m i
ftnwtens t t n w wtig[fn wtfn-wtf m (ntnwtesn w f t f w ) wtms
cwnm cmnm wen nen awft nrtegn-e w R f n f t i wen At, wtnva
mwt wfts^fnâ ntnwtess mm fnfnw s n i '^t fnew n t R w
wtns ettem ctm nra, nffa f f t nnew mwt ant fftn wettsn i
wtnnmns f e ^ siffw atAt wesn i fwfn f%n mwtn wttenttt,
frwm-t ctn ( j - e - i cnw-A)-'a etn m\ wtnnnm
wnttT tntfww ntftff -a aw t w mtf& A # ntatA wenn
(ctn)-as ajR t f ^ wm AtsicA nRm nen An ant nnwtf
(monifn-ntwt, t s f n wtftn, f . ^ . iAo; ftsntn n t n ^ m'n, f .
f f t mm fwwtnew fstm AtntcA ( A i ten?n, i i i n ^êw A O
stoto, 'm a w - a n f ^ wtcA, w t s n m n f t t w A i t ntatA
m^, i i i b ) I nsnw at nnen ffitn f f f t ntnftw ttmfln i
nsfnntflenn) i wtsnmn a t stffw ne^â f t n ntwt ( w t t n t w )
A i f t w i - t mnt^ (ne# n t ^ t , i o o s R , f.tobo-tototo,fnetn
niAn-t tstewn nff% mw wfnm wtmew f t m ? ftmn wenw
g. f.totosstotoff-anmvm ftt^ c ^ ) ate^s at f f t n Scf t
Stcblw-wA f f w . ntnw ften ntnwtess fnwt eatnt wesn i f w f
nftstcA I mnwtenn ntftft wtsnntncw ntsnm ttCAs A C wft
enesf mwt ntîw wtsnmenn atfw w n f g flenn (g. StfnS'^ ^ )
wfncn twffnn n f mtm t s fsjew f R ensm A S I wtsnmn
ast wtsnmn fnw mwtensew Awit w t m mff wfnm ntf^tstflenn,
wmm n f e n t t m SRm stAsm t t A wtAtew >^4iinit-Stm
a t w m WtAts m m mnwtnew few mttn tSnew wtAtew wtajstet
ffiVcnct^ i i i b nten ATt wenn i fstew ttnftew f m s fmm
Ssmft wenn i fmt mnwtenn mftfts mnffn aw mnt
w f n nm'ênn wnenn fte< mwn wm A S (tsfn 'wt%, tmnn,
(catnt) fcs ttsntntn ntnw mes wtnnmenn tnmnif^ls nft f f
bt., A n i ) I Raverty wimwiw-t ntlnfm t t c s f Wfnten
ntmtw 1 w T f ^ ^5(1^-^-51 (nwn t s n ttmw) assj^ m f e w
(wfnwrm i b b i f., f. iot*, Rsn-to) RftnrcAn, wtnnnm
t n m f t fmgewm
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WttWTH t f T -^'f"ft
fT?m, ffii ft. w r W f W t t f f w t f w ? I ft^ WfW? fjf fftw? f t r ct? w ? t w t ftr-a? fwtflw? r? i ftf tftw?
rwf? ?ifw?lt t ^ ?ftw 'tw r?, f . wtf^-rifwf, ^.feô,fSf f t r W f t f ^ tt?iw r? I f f f f ? f a f r i w t f ^ ffwtcf cfspw?
b- f . fefeg, ^ - 8 ) I wT?iwiw-t wftiSfe Wf:?, wtw? tsftw ttcwwtw t t t f w I trt? f f f ft? t ? t wTatw? f t r
wwTTsfWf W W f r t r s w*iffw wf^ ftgfj% ffi?f? wwrawjr w?i w? I ftsf wtrt? w w t t f t f t ffw wtrt f t f w w w w w
îwt?f fttlfft ( f . ftwff, ifefe) I WW ?f?, at ?ftwr ff?w? tittit I
tfw WT? ffct? I W t f w W t w?f^ f t w f f wfri? w t f f f t i t 8 ( i ) rifttf t w t f f f t t f f , osrtt? i'S^fe "^.v % t i ,
t f t w f f ? w w f , ftRftw wtrt? t f t w ? C f t t ftwtft?t ^ i f f , r i 8 , o i o ; (r) t f j t - w f t , t t f t w w C f t , W?c?t,
ct*t1t ft%Tf ?fr?ncf I f c i w w, w?twc?? w t t w t f i t wa brt., r o o , r i f f ; ( o ) Recueil de textes relat. al
^ f S t t 1 histoire des Seldj., i t . , rff f . ; ( 8 ) Zeitschr d.
a r f t f f g ( i ) tf?f^, Wffff "Tgt-rf^ftn ttctt i o o 8 ft.; (r) Deutsch Morgenl Gesellsch. o f e , o i 8 t . ; ( f f )
ft'GW? f f t f ? f t w f t , w # t f t (wft<:p), tSw ftt-cr?f?, w t f t i f f ? W f rift? w r w t tt? rift? f f ? t i f , w f t - t
iorfe f.; ( o ) ft?ft t i t f t w t t t t w t , (crr? ioib- f.), % W t f t i t ( = ? 1 t f t f t - t 1 t H f "Qttfft ff?W?), t f t f t t ? v5. t t r f
r o f e - r i r ; ( 8 ) f t t t ^ i f t f f t t w f ftr, w t t f t - r i ? ? , tf?t*it wttf, irfe f., f r i - r 8 t . ; (fe) w f t ' t ^ f ? f (?)
v8ftc?i^JH f c t w t i f w f w t , w c r f ? , ct ifeov, i i r - r i ; (a) ffettf, f t f f t - f w ftft-r'wwfft-ftw, fWfw? 'Wtrt
W f t f f f f ? W f r i f w f w r w t t t t ^ i w t fftwff, w f t t - t . T i t , cwr?f? i o r b r f . f . , i v ; ( 1 ) r i t f ^ - f f w s - f f ,
w f f t T t ( W t t t f t w?w? f 'GWf i t ' f f t w t ) , t f i f w ? wrff wtft - t s f w r , ^. 8 f e i ; (b-) r tfff?-1t?f? 8/r t . , i i 8 i

wtTff, cwrff? iorfe f . , f .rr; (fe) f r i w t t f ? t f ? i f t t , t W I t f t - s f (W.W.t.)/ctfs wit?fft?
W S W f f t W t - t W W f ^ - t ft?t1t, wfft i l r V f e tfttCft, wmprrtf ^ ^-f^^w ( j ^ a^j^) t ? ?
ZDMG, t t t i t Ofe, ibrVff f , 0 1 8 t.; (H) WtT?ff, W r l f t - ^ r N l W f f t - f W T f f t ? ? F f f t - f f W vgTiTf-ftt t f t ^ f -
f^, t . Gibb, v s W f f f W iferi f , ( V ) t ? ^ - W f ? , t t f w f TW ffffff-ffii/iifeo-iiiff t f t t f s wsfwff? ffcwt i Wtrt? f t w
t t w t , W W W , v t . , rfefe t.; (fe) W T W f lw-t Wfti"ff, f f t l W W f f i H R ? f g i ? t t ? (ffrb-/iio8) wi?twt a f ? s , t ? ??ct?
ib-fe8 f , r r (=cffc?tt t t w t , ife8fe f , i t . , rv8) ( w j . ffct? I t f f t w f ? ftw?T f j i t t ? ? ^ w f t f f f r t f f t t t ^ ffcra
Raverty, i V V i %, ^ . o ) ; ( i o ) ft? WW?t, W t T f t - t 1 W , tC5f ffwww f C t t I ff8o/ii8ff-ii8fe tfct f t w ? W t f C f ?
C?T?ft i r i i ft.; 8 t . , 8 o ; ( i i ) t1?lWf ft?, riftft-fwtf?, ftcfcf WfWW? f w t c f w t f f t w f c f w t f f W r? I t f w
C?frt ib-fft f , V8t., o o ; ( i r ) w f t t - t f f f t f w , c?trt, % w t t - f f w f r ? f f r t r f w f t ww? w w rtcw f t ^ w w fc??
Vff; ( i o ) f r i w t t i f l tlrf?f?#, ft?Wft-'WWt, W . t t i t ^ ; ( f f 8 f e / i i f f 8 ) [g. W'GWff, r v o t . l I w t f t w ? f t r w w ^ c w
( i 8 ) Illiot, History, rf., 8 V o ; ( i f f ) Rodgers., t w t w f t ttffw wiwfctf W f f t f t (g.)-a? t f f t f t f w r? i
Catalogue of the Coins of the Indian Museum, f f f f f t ffctt t w t f t f I wtrt? trttwt? w t t w ? ^^ff?ti?
f f t w w ivfefe f , 8 t . , i f e o ; ( i f e ) w r w t t?? f t i w t ftwff f t r (g.)-a? rwt? f ? ffffff/iifeo t i c t (rrwww) fttwtct
ttwrtff ff?ft-wr?t?, tt?., rtff?t, w f t t f ; ( i t ) w f t - t wcttrt fc?? I t t f t r t w ? t w f f w t w ? ?t?-a? w t t f f
w t l f f ( f f t f T W t t w t i V f e V f ) , i t . , ob-fe; ( i V ) wtftt W f t Sf-fifer f r t ? ffc?iftw f w I f c t f c ^ f t a ^ r?; f f f ffcrt
tt??tlf,tT.,?tft#l ttfr f?t r? I fffffe fffeo ft. t f c t ^ W f w WW? ffc?tffwT?
-Wt f f - W T W t H (w.w.t.)/a.a?.at. ttrfsp ?rtt? fast
t w f r?; f f f f r t c f rwt f f f t t e t at ftc?ict)? W f t R tc51
^M>i*iH ^ ( L ^ 5 i L ^ j i ) g t?? f f ? w ? f f r I t f t WW t f w w t w ffftffe?? rte f f t I atww w t f t W R f t r
W G t t W f ] f T ' f t t - t t W t [ v s t T t - U f f t f t l tltsjf ( W f t - r i f ? f f f t t f ? l f w t w ? wft f C ? t w t l wtrt? flRRltCR?
f t f f f t , f t w f , f. o i 8 ) ft5?wt-a? f r t t f w t f f c t t fcgtcttw t t R t t f ? t c w W'sttff Wfttftct? f f ? ^ f t f t
(fri??tt 8fe<t-<toi/wSt?? i i o i / i i 8 r ) I at w t f f j p f f w f b w t f ? H Gt?ct? f f f f c ^ ffttte?? I t r t c t t f f f ? w t f t t t f t (tefe
fttftff w s f f ? t t wtw f s t f t tftw t t l t w r? [ f t w t f ? ft. w c t otffw t<llflt I W ^ S t f t f w t f f t f ( t t t t ^ ) - C t ? t f ? 5 C ^
t t w f c f wtrt? t f t w ? fwttt f t t w tt^cttfw rt?iicf i tttttc cttfw a f t wffwc?? fW'3 f c a t fffwc?? I t t i U ' s r f f t
(f. i f e ) fwft trfa t f t w c f f , twft w1%fct? f f s F c ^ t w : w t w t f c t ? f f ? w?wf-a? tcti ftttt f f f f t f t f i f t t t i t I wtrtet?
t t w f f c t t ] I #?c?? t w f t fwtettrw ffft f f t w w I f W t f t f f ^ cttfw w t f w t f t ctt f f f t ? *Rtt w?? f w a?t WW
f t f f - l i r a 'sspojw 2tw?tf? "stw t o B ? I f ^ i t ? t f t w f ^ , wtrta a W t f f ism f c ? I tt5t-wift?'a c f t f f c f ? t t t t f t a t f w t f w
t t w f ffSCftt
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ftnnn fwiem (5. wFi-nnftn, nsraenf, ^n., ^ a ) I ^nftPtcnn ftsmemfn ntrnnfn m f f n f ^ amit m m ^ fnf^ mfnenn
ffjn nn (tsfn- wtftn, wtn-wtftn, ^n., bbss-iiin n'^tfntcs f. ntenn nesf ann n n cmmn ^^f^ cnm AtsicA ntmew tmnf
ntn ffffb R, R g f. ntsntff, f., AJsb n., fstn n<Rtfntft ff^fe nfnm mst mn 1 f w f Pritsak cnrntmcAn, tmnf ntmcnn
R. ntenn ctnR:^ m\ <5-no R. ntenn stnn Riw nfnnt wfntn ftmmf^ (mm wmmft ^ nAwten stAn wm Ate^cA) m n f
nsnt sn) mmn fat s Ssntftwtt fmnn msmsntn (5.) nm fff (Payghu) a t f w (totemic) nten f n f ^ awft ntmn f l n 1
fnrnmn fnn men w wtnn I ewtn cwtn i^fwmfnewn new at cntwm nsnw cwm cwm c w t m n f (Payghu) fRcw 1
n<Rt nwj I mtnnnln ^frnntn-Stntn nmwten, <5-nb/ ob fwen^, tmew afvfnnm sn, mtsfnm tnstênn atnc^ ftft arfw mn
n<5-men 80 ntnn warn tnfwwtn wesn I wtmn wfitt^ nn^ fat ^ e w mes m ans n ^ fwft tntff ^mftt'SfAn wftmflenn 1 ncn
f fmnew fnwinnief nnn wm a s 1 AS tm Ssenn e f t f n w mesfm fnmc^ fms' msntean
stT?t# 8 (b) m^snrnf mm^n-ffn, mmt. Giib, f. RetjiCAS R i ^ I wenmn^s a t fnnnft fnf%w nn, w f s mm as,
Abb-ooo, mfnwf f f ) g.; (A) WtAnm fwnntff, wtffn wtwrnn, i^fwAtfnw n^fntfrnen tfnt, ent s j R ntsm w m f t s f f www
stnitSn- wtsntn f t -entwit' fwnntn, f., so; - (o) tnfn S f f f f o AtSiCA I
mtfn, mm. Tomburg, bbn., bAJ* m, wfntn wtnem ^ n , f m s fnenn nnnf tfÂtens f n fnnn ntm fnetn csnn
fef.. An f., nA; (S) Recueil de textes relat. P. fnwewst w n w H mt 1 mrnfens m w f mfffttcf *nsn stm msmn
histoire des Seldj, ii, 236 f; (d) f n msntfn f n f s j e w fftmn wtntmf fnegtf wtff cfc^ nfsw n f f ^^fn
Historic Seldschukidarum (ed. VuUers). P. 232 f; wftew cnmrnn;"wtf cfens w f e n f f n f s m m f f ^ e n s
(to) msmfn-mwt' erne? bAnb R , sn., ôoo f.; (n) f f f t n s mnffn nftw mfffew fffs? An 1 sbto/boAe nten
ennw, mffn-fnntn, a/s n., bbo f., wfnwf Seldjukids wtntmf atmn wtnnmn [atmnw w t n f w f n (Karluks)-as nn<n
fnnw 5.1 stt] ans n t s f f m n m f n nf^fnw n t ^ f n ftwt "wtf ewfcns
mmnm ffnnn (E.1.2) a. an. an.niAafnnAmnfast fstwn WtAtenn esess wtsnmn wfnwwn w f ^ flenn 1 f m n â^n
w m p p r f t t ^ i K ^ ( j ^ ^ ^ ^ : , > L u i j i ) 8 n m ^ n t m n fstmc't ^^tmfnw A S I f f f n n s mnfn n t m n ^cw
ntefn atfwttm s fnfnm mmstw-an fwfn f n nsn nmn fat f f w ^ m f f n n f s msntfnfn-a ftwnw wesn 1 cmwwtftf
flenn 1 mmn ffnrnn ffnmfnw s'sn (Oghuz) mgmn s wstm m^snftwt f s m a t f n e ^ n w t t wftm f R s t c A I wtmss
nmaf%in fnfnn cntsfnn nmwtn mnfnw cmmemenn nft wtAms new tm f m s C9^5jfwf|n 1 wtsm C W A CSSA nenn, f n
wtAin tfwmn w f f s 1 WtAtn wtnn mn f ^ tnnt^ (f. WtAtn wm nssw "wtft cfnew f s n wfssm mnen f n m n ntAfcns fnentt
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Snn nsnw t n t f f mmn wnm nmaf%tn cmsstfnmn f%tnenn f n w m m s f f wtnnmn tnst*fnew n f wfsm mfStmflenn ans
atwtnf^) ans, WtAtn mfw ntn f l n wtnnmn(f. WtAtn fnmtw SAn/boos ntens fnew f t f ^ ffmcsn ftws^ awft fc*f f f n
mftîw fnftn fAt^ mnf m ^ ) 1 wtAtnfnennatnfnw n f wn^tst ffJfcn ffww An 1 wtsnmens a t ctn mnnR
ntmnf ftmRwn I WtAtn fwspntn wte^ nnntnnw m n ^ ffsntn Sbb/boAn men s Sms f n n f nnen fstntens s o n n t m e n n
tnnrn nn sfAn wen ans fftmnew -etsn mamesn tmnf nem wtn cwf nentmesn fnegtesn men f m s f n t w f m
(Yabvghu)-nmnmfnm ^tew f s wen 1 wtmn fmm ntn^w n m f t f w n 1 msmfn new est nssn i^fwAtfnw a f ^ mtntsn
cn WtAtew wmt wtmmfenn 9smM em? mntf n t n ^ m w e ^ sttim wftew mn, fmm wtsnmens fat f w f f t
mnewn ntAtnjtef cstnn wesn cn fnnen csnn nwfsnsn mt 1 botoo (fwmfft)-an sstnn flenn 1 f f f f t e w wenf wtnnnm s
f%te^ wtsnmenn w^mmen f n f f s wtAtenn mftnfnw tlÂtn f m n 'sens nem nsemf n^tsnf aesf% nftm ncn wm A S , f w f
'mtfnwmntA" ât fnnnft fnf^sw wftsicA 1 fifntf <&fwAf!nw ftnft ntsit wm wnsn I
mnff-n new tntn nten ntAtew Segn wm AtsicA, t f ^ ent sr^tf 8 (b) Cl. Cahen, Le IVIaliknameh et
njR nfnm mmnnw nen wm a s 1 cwnm wtmew booo f%te=n l,hlstolre des orignes seldjukides. Oriens, Af., a,
wtmmfenn fns^ ntntfenn fsetn stfwesten ntmem ssfsnm wm iSiSfe f., tAtew Stenn Segn nftntcA wcn Omelyan
fttm Atmfin 1 fwf f s s f snen o . Pritsak at nêmn prltsak-as fesnm, fnent ,wfnm Koprulu Armaganl
stfwsm ssesn iwtAmnetstnfnRcwfwtnm mfenn Ssenn (ttfn bfeffo f . ) - c w s t w t f ^ Der Untergang des
^tsn ntesnn nnetn tmnfcwt fm 1 wm's nwj cn, mtnn Relches des Oghuzischen Yabghu stn^ Wtm
tnntf fm$:wm
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Contents
WI?ff
Annals of the Ukrsnlan Academy of Arts In the f f r T f e t ? #?t--5tfe) i t t rte ^ f t rtfcsit? ftft%c
USA. Af., A, ifeff A % (Cahen) î^lWlWl? ( LA. f t t f t ? ^ f t ? 1 f ? tttwRR? (Von Maltzan)
ifeffS f , 1. A l i - i f f ) f f e i f w tAi? f t w ? smm, wm f . tttfbca a t t a t fte?? f c f t ?ft?tcf ( t f g f ? ^c
Prits'ak's Die Karachaniden, Isl-a ifeffvs (. i w t f r f f f ^ w t t wjwra), f f f tfftc? tl? a t t i t afWa
w?fw? fmtfta? mm ww?fpt f f r ftvsft f f e ? (A) ff? "wtr vs r t 'voii<)icvot f t f f w wicf, r r 'wt?e?? tfffwt
f A T O f ?Tfwtfw The Life and Times of Sultan wtff a?t ffftCf? f f f t promontorium Ammonii
Mahmud of Ghazna f T f , <:f@W ifeoi (. i WCtffffb!,
Cl. Cahen (E.1.2)/ ^_ ^ ^ f f f f 8 ( i ) Ait f t f , 1. ffA, I S , Ife; ( A ) f w r ( f t ? ) ,
^lf*(1l^ ( f s t i f ) V / i i ; ( o ) W f t f f , b-ff; ( 8 ) . f t ? # , w r f t f t - f f e r t t , ifeS;
(ff) t t f T - f S f t f f ? , w f f t - f t W T f ? , i o i 1.; (fe) Sprenger,
w r t f ^ ( ^ j ^ j l ) g ftjiif)? f f f C t WTfW? i o W %
Alte Geogr. Arabiens, 1A; ( l ) Red Sea and Gulf of
f ^ a ? # c r t f t w W't? I "Wfft W f t t t s f s c f f f f t f cf?w
Aden Pilot, ifeoA % , i o o i
C?Tr?f (Reseph)-a? ffw f t f c f ? f f % ?Wt 4t?C^C? i
O; Loefgren (E. 1.2) f. w f ^ W ^
CffffTCf? (Seleucids) f f ? tW? acltcaltf?!
(Apollonia) ? f f r f f W t f ? t ?sr r ? i ffWWC? f t t t f f ^5neT-'*ll^l^*f ( ^ 1 8 W t f ? t W ? W t f f ) , f?rf
f C f t r f f f f f f ? fCfCt? W o t f?tw f r ? t f f 1 SfeS/iioi cwf? ?1?te? Larache i t ? e w ? t f g f f f C t ? afit f r ? r r
wct i t ?tft^ (Baldwin)-a? CtwCf ;5CtW?W t W t f t w i t w f t triwfc?? f f f c t ttfw?i?-a? f t ? s s w t t
f c ? a?t w r r f r c f Azotus w c t wtftt f c ? i ffb-o/iib-i ffwt-ff%et vQ C f t Wfe?? b-o w t t f5?-ff%ct w?ff i
w c t W W f f - f t ? t r f R F W ? f C ? t 1 atftC? iS W W ? , ffb- cfeftftf w?ft? o f f - i o f ^ w w t t f , b--A^ A < (Wiftct?)
c t c ^ , i i f e i wtfct i t f f r f w w f f ? - a ? t c t i f w ttttt ft%tgtftiti? 1
r ? I ffvbr/iifeA wct atffc? f f r f - a ? ttt w t f f f f ^ t f t f f 'a?nf f f c f t t t f cttftc? t f c g ffffttcf ctt fte? t f ? ttt
Wfttft t r ifctwfcf? f t c t wtet I feso/iASA w c t t r c f fc? f^ va v s f g f t t wtttc? t f g rte wtffw f i t wre? Wf
John of Arsuf f f f f t s f f f w f W rSTl i i ?tW?, fefeo/Afe wiffic f r ? f t w?ff I fr?1tt ctt cw? 'QWf r t i a f t
afaft, iAfeff w c t f w r ? ?T?W?t f f f f f t f t (Baybars r w t ? ( j j.^) f t f t trte W f f f ? ctt? ft^ w t , w r b f f w
Bundukdari) So f f ? WWWCt? f ? t r tW|Cf f t f t wtftf? wt??^ c f i w t f f t r w c?t% 1 f c t t r e f cw? a f t
fC?? I ^^ffrtftff '^ffs^ f f w f f t w t r ? 1 f t t C f f ? ffet?
ffff 8 ( i ) W f f f f , f . i i s ; (A) W f W , ffcT; ( o ) (ifeio-b-fe ^.) fftb? t r t f t f f f t f s r fttte? cttte? a f t
W t f t - f f W (Reinaud), % Afe; ( 8 ) t W f f t , wtt-f1TA f?fw f f ? f r r c f , r r ? w t Castnio de las Clguenas
W t t - f f f , Landbderg, ^. o b r o - l f . ; (ff) W f f t f f 3 f , i t . (of the storks) WtT Santa Maria de Europa i i f e i i
(fttcr ifeos f ) , 1. ffAb-oo I T^ctc? wtttt tffrt f f i t f % c w f t f t fr?1t f t f t r f f t w f f t a t t w r t r a t f t f t i t
8 (fe) G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the frafB? f f w t f f w t - f f % t f f C f a f t t t f e r f ? f r ? t f f w

Holy Land, ftf^; ( 1 ) G. Beyer, in Zeitchr. d. dent. f t t i i i f t t I ifeffS fr?1t? c f ^ f t c f t w f f t ? f f t a?t t r t ?
Palastina Vereins, feV t . (ifeffi (.), ^. iffA-b-, ?ttf?t f T r t t i f f t Plaza de Espana. 'Sttf cWfCftCt?
ilV-V8 I f f t r w f t ? t t w S f t ? f?pt W f t f t ? f va if wtrtw ttc??
H. A. R. Gibb (E.1.2) / ^.j^ at. ?tff w e r w tft I ifeffff % f r ? t t ? wtttttt s o o Q o - a ? v a f t fft i
t r t ? tew f t ? Ab-ooo f t t w t , i o o o t r f f i o o o o
^ - ^ m i T ( 3 j L J i ) 8 wtfict? ft^ct, t r w c ? ? f t w t f c ?
t f e r f ? I t f e r f t c f ? w? t f c t t cwf? i fr?1t? wtcf w c f
w?tf a f t t f t ? I f w t r (ctt? c t t r ) f f w ( f f t w ) - ?
t t T ? f f f t t f WCStT? W 3 f I t t f t - f W t f f ? ( W t f W t f f
fttt W l f va fct? w? r ? I ffe?(? fW? w f t f t , f f f t t w
feoo/iAoo) ?ct?, a t f t ? ^tc f C t f f t f f t f f f f f o w fttwe?? fti? c t f (ifeffo A o o t t ? c?f c r t cftw tft) I
At?lcf I w T t - W f f ( f . b-feo/iSb-b-) a t t W f f f t t f f e ? ? a t ittrfft? t t t f W f (,_,l^-< j-^) A t t W t w C t ^ (Lalla
t f ? f f ? c f " a f t f f f t t f i t " f t w wtftt f c ? ? ( g . w t f Mennana) WW? t f W CL^) f f W C t ? WJW? ^ e
w t ? t w , w f t w t ? 'wtw?, f . A-fei, w ^ t t ? f r w f s t c t f f t f ? w?i f r c ? r a f f c f t fc?i i
t t w f fffcfit
t.ft.VfeA
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Contents
WH-'WlSlt*t
sjsmfst tm nfff^t wff i emmgenn f c t af5t f f ^^tfms

S e i t mm mt ast " w m af^mstt s n / i o t "twrfs "fm t m s fln, mm Genoese Castle nten nftfsw f|n i wmt '^tcw wtn-
tmt mm mt i msisfw sr^mgeA's Sms Seat fssn i wm A S w t m t t wmffTcns wtnwm tfnnw s n ast t f f w c n s mm i j ^ o
m f ' w t i n cma; mmt tm aif^fSô A t s i f l t i t m s s f m c ^ m f f s f. wtnfnm mfsjss Anm m n wnnfjwt ff% rnn I wmrênn mm
n m s s t n w s nmn S ^ cmras mnmnKs t m s mnsmn m\ A S c t f n S n f c n mttw sRtn s w ? f n wrsen on f f f t f btobo f .
m t n - m t f t mm'mf wtsm u^fjÔ i m'f fmrnn mmn f A i m n w t t - t m t - a n nft - ^ f t ^fssn
mtn-fmAftn f n m n t n t f s mtn-rnnfs m f fwcwin-as msren w t n - w r s f t t n n n w f f m enn i w t n t f f n w m m m n
cntAms assft f f M s s # m % n n ant i A s o f . c t f n f f n n n t n n t ^ - a n mwfsnen itob-j f . nne?Ftsrfm f n s m t s n f t cssnw
^tnfts S n s w t f s R s ^ mssjnjs nft w m n wcs I mm A ^ , ens ant wrstm f w - a n S n w r f n em wens mm f n s m n n R
n s c ^ S n f c n s wsimn ^nnfCAs wn?is mm a t 'fAsfts tfAin f t f n wm AS I wmt stew f . n w wm-wrmtetn ffsn:^
5 t f f w c n s n n w t nrnnc'ft nnn Atc^t ftfwmcn wtm mn i t ^ f n t f ^ wtatmn cmm nncn Rtm nfgm:9t w t t f ^ n w n
wfAtmn fnStf (Ceuta) nncns ( i s i x ? f . ) f t w n s n f wfwmn f n t n ^ fln i ^ m n into* f . w n r f cnf-cnrnnR Du
ntnssfnc t f f w m t A s f t n Snn n w n wiaFnn mnm, R f S ^ Chaffault c t t s f n f s t w n nnn wenn i ib-too f . n n e ^
fswenn w n n^nftf f l n i i s s i f . t f n t c n n ntwr ^n wtnwncm cnfnss www wtn-wrmtct cmm
emens nem f c ^ nnn c t f n
w ^ wmfnm ^ wmRmn nin mm tAsftn nmfmom f s m A S I n f f s AS I mm mens b ^ wtRcn c t f n
ntwtwtcn
assft nf% msjcn wnanft n f f w stmn nncns A S I cnninn wtn-wtsftet w s w s n wes ant wmt stew ij^jto f .
nn iê Ao n t n s ntw f A s f t w m ^ . ntcw i i8b-j f . nnems m f n m w # r n w t s n f t e m f n mmffs wnfcnn wf
n f mcnn ntwt A S w n S s n nsc^tc f m s m s f m f f f t w mew I
f s e a t m s f m f f n m ajAn wenn a n t wtm wtn-wi>in=i wtn-wtsttets f s n f c w vsntf fwewm-an f e n w n n ttf%t

w t f n - a n f f s w n stwms ws stn*fcnn fnfns fwcwtn-an mn ftAte wtefifs tAS Lixos wnm Lixus-an *Rtntnetn amt
f e s cstmen n f v s n t f mmenn-an n t n n ^ wtms ntntm ffnrnn, cnmen n^mtnwr^mfsfAtsrcA i
mftew nt5nfnm (Lagrciosa) ntnw f < ^ m t wenn i sT^n^f 8 ( i ) Leo Africanus. Description de L'
nnewtntfenn mm mmm w n s ^ t t m m^sn i wfnfn mienfssi Afrique, m m . Schefer, Am, mtffn ibS.n f., f . Abff-iS-;
^ n^ cmw**s m t a n t n f f t f m m m Amew mm nsssiA (A) Leon Galindo y de Vera, Historia Vicsitudes y
?nm f f f n cnmn n t f s cnm cnn i wwgnn t f f w f f n f n t f t f Politica tradicional de Espana respecto de sus
a f t f n sfffmcsn n n nmnwnw mt^mn^^fcn mm A S I wen posesiones en las costas de Africa, ntR^ i b b S f.,
WtAtm w e t m m f mmen n n f A S i n t w w i f f n w m f m r n n f . AA8-b8 (nncf sJSRJti wR:w stcn); ( o ) Eugene Aubin
w t t - m n m a n f g m m n wm-mfnn www wtn-wtmtt f n f n f ^ Le Maroc d, aujourd hui, tot nt, fllffn i>Jio f., f .
A S I itot twewn mew f n w t R w t f n (Leo Africanus) stms bi-iff; ( 8 ) Maximiliano, Alarcon y Santoli
t A s f t s w n f m f f s n f stc wtnm wtfnew mfn, wmt cstmen Textos arabes en Dialecto vulgar de Larache,
f n f n ntmw m t n ntA (eels) sm 'st, 'mn s t ^ f*twfcnn w ^ m%n bJb f . ; (<?) Real Sociedad Espanola de
m m ntt ant fwewtens f e n s r p mnnten nm W f m n f < Historia Natural, Yebala y el bajo LuCus, ntRn
mtffn ftmmn f l n i w f s n r f m wtt-wnm ^ w f f s ant ^ iS.i8 f . , f. 88-(2-i, A b S ; (to) Relate de la expedicion
wmfnm's wtnfwmes ofsn w f f s i f f f wtmm n f f w e n n wcs fnn de larache (1765) por Bide de Maurville. w n t f
nntttw I wmn t f f w m wfnnw a t wnsnftew mm fnw i i ^ o s wfsm wtnfwnm, ntmt iJ8o f.
n t ^ n , w t n f n m n inne-an
f . wtmm mnsft wtatmnâ wfnntfin (cwfsn ste iffsto f . (Du Chaffault-an wRmn fnnen); ( n ) Tomas Garcia
cmfsenn mm awft w n w n wtat^nn^s A t s i f i n ) i fnmnrnn a t figueras, Miscelanea de estu dios africamos , ntstt
wwm atmen ntf^testin S f f f i w mmn f i t wen m t i wtnen iJ98n-8b f., f. ioJ9-8n; ( b ) La Graciosa ntnW m t i t s
wtn-wmitt f ^ wswten n f f n nnc?Fm awmat mnn mm f f n n n fnsnfnwmg. Les sources inedites de l'histoire du
w ^ n f n f w AS m t i t m s fwwn fnm wtenn mffstj wtewm Maroc Portugal, 1, mtffn iJsoS f . , i f f f., tfwt o
mwtmw w f f s ant wtmenn w m n m t f ^ fnwtwn i t f f w m (pierre de Cenival s|fw)-a stmsar^fif; (J) awfnc^ g.
entmen awwn mffstj mfnf^t (feitor) mfms ant csfcmmn Tomas Garcia Figueras, Miscelanea de esudios
t n n t f Rêwm
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Contents
WK-Wl?1W sob
Varies sobre Marruecos, Tetuan ihao f., f . s-oo; wfwssn A t c n WtAtm ntfn-an nft f w f n mn f c ^ w n f <
(bo) tftnttrtn few wtj wmm. wnr atsifin "Delegaclon Assts ^ ntcw mmn wen m t i wm-fsntA fintenn w m w f f n
de Asuntos Indigenas" www Tetuan mnw f t m i awfB t f n f f f : Alarcos-an f f ntnftw t t n t f l n i b n
Lixus, anwnjf. (bb) Jerome Carcopino Le Maroc Alfanso w t n Leo ant Navare-an ncsf f c ^ nw flenn i
antique, sn ni, fTffnn bisSb- f., f t . , fwc-tnw f. sJs-ffto, wtmffnmn n w n wtatmt tlsbit-tts wr^ Alfonso f n f n n
toto-SA, brff-boff, oobr-ij,; (bA) Pierre Cintas, n t f t f s tfs5 wm n t f n wm-ntnfn-an mnfnw c f t n wm
Contribution a I'etude de I'expanson mf-fetm s f n msm cttntwfnen i
Carthaginoise au Maroc, Paris w|. fW. (bJsffS), f. stXt^f 8 (b) wtn-m^sfn fn'wtn, o b b , E . Levi-
too-to; (bo) I Congreso arqueologico del Provencal w w w La Peninsule iberique d'apres
Marruecos espanol, Tetuan btsffS f., J. Stois-SA, mrs nntcn nftw f n ^ t nntwsfn f ^ ^ês s (\) t f n t s t f ,
sss-ff-cwstns ar^tft I ntmn, Wf. Huici, 8 t . , bffu; (o) W t t - t t f f m-ttnntf, ttnA
G. Yver-[R. Ricard] (E. 1.2)/ f S t ^ t s t f n t f w ntwfntw Atfsf"n-wtnmwtnf, wtnem boss, At., beo-^; ( s )
f H - ^ s r t ^ ( d j V I ) g n w m m Santa Maria de Prlmera Cronica General, m t t . R. Menendez
Alarcos, awit f g n i n f f , Calatrava la vieja R n H Pidal, bt., tobo; {<t) Chronique des Rois de
wnf|w Ciudad Real-an sftn mw nttn nRt-tPsm awit Castille, nmt. Cirot, Sb, app. Sff; (to) A. Huici, Las
fwcwn % n wnR wtAtn ^ m^nÂ Rio Guadiana n f grandes batallas dela Reconquista, i o s t . i
A. Huici Miranda (E.1.2)/wtngn ntcnw
wRfrn wrenrmf a^sica I tAtn mm?t wnRw Pobiete a n t
Guadiana-an nsmff nfn nnwn ffncw n t f n wm-nrn^n ^Tt^tf^ (Ol^ j l ) 8 WtntwR cmm (Arakan Yoma)
ant witR#nnctn (Castilians) ncm fnmrw f^ ntnf&w t s f g f Jste nemtmtess n m n f fn^ ntnts n n t i % n
stntUn, ntAtn wen b-n Alfonso nl4olcn tntfww An (at fnmt I ii{i>j!./isbs n m t w wtntnnn awft m f n mwj f l n i
fc^ ftw fe#tn fnlw^ ntntsfn f f n n^nts wnr g. w t f f f w t n n f wten tm mffn nft n t f ^ a s ( f f t t t t n n wmen
n f f n f*tcntntcnn sfnw) i iASi/ibAto stew) I nnn/ b f n t t m f ajcntnt/ w t t n t
f c ^ nftw n t f ^ sffs ntntsff nmcw mwtens ^srw wnr t w t f t w f f ^ t n mtntn nftw wtstwtenn tfwmn fnfnwwtes
WWTS w i f n I wtsn fnfnn fcsj m^ at f C M wnnn# fwftt m t f w w f i n I
cnntff I f%m f a m f A ntf^<3wn Aten^s f n n t f n w w t c n w f n / n t n m m f t w wtntwm f l n awft cnt^ ntwr i
ntnwtf< I ncn AS, w t f Atwf Sntn ^nfw tg.]-an câi S f n w t f bo</iSoto men ntwt nnentm (Narameikhla) n f e n n ftwt
ntASt-n cnwftfn wm-fontAfsn wstwif stftfs Stn witRfntt tntfww ^5tm mtntn f n f t m fnwtenn t n m t ^ An i boo/isoo
wwfww wtapnt tftbinnt wfnnt w f t f ^ ntwnr ntsi ntw wfnntfin i nten fnwtenn I n m s i f t f s nmnwin f n n m fnewn a w fntAtnn
n t ^ WtAtn fnw? n t f l f n t s t n t f t f n ttffen atîintw wesn S ^ wesn ant mtmn wsn stwi ftmen w t t n wf%f nwm ntetn
ant f ^ ^ R t f kfî f ^ Sfkn f&m ntftf atâ entg -a wnstn (at fnwtenn ftfnfbfwnwmg. Phayre, f . sto-s; Coilis, f .
Aewtrnn ^tst Alarcos f c f wtjfs ntcw wtm WtAtcns mwtn oS-ffA; History of Bengal, At., iAo-AJ*) i
nftw Toledo w f w f c t tntnn wfnew-mm a s I S t s f bn mtnrn f t nncntnm m t w wnn ntwt ftntes ttften^s f m s
Alfonso-an nrfsstw tap The Castihan Pedro m f t ? t nimsftS (Basaupyu) flenn n ^ f < s&mn mncsn
Femanez de castro wtAtn fnw? cnt^snin n t f t f s mmcn fsewm I S)ib/iffiA men ntwr fnmmwr mnn f n n ^ f n m
wm-fantAftn mnewn mw?3j nmnm ant wrmew fnn Stent f5ifnt mewls w ^ wcsn i t s n f wten >!>A/iffis m n Ate
mn wesn i Castlle-an attltw alferez, Don Diogo lopez S)8to/iffoS) m n t w wtntsnn s^msn t t f fnwtmms t m m f e n
de Haro. ntwftn twtwmA f c f Wtsm atAt wcsn I R g f g t ttcw I w n m mwt fnnfnn (Minbin)-an nns ?tew ntw;
fwfn wfspm'^n wfse mm An i n=ifmm (Sandathudamma)-an ttmmnn tn s^mn
at fe^ ^ t e ^ tnrnnttjt, AmAe^s ntmt ant f c f wtmwR ntewm w ^ f l n I
n%nn ntmt nrnew fw^ w f r f ^ fg a s i wen bn Alfonso-an wtntwtens cnfstftf b&mn ntft s t e w t ncmtmtenn S s n
ntftf w n f w ffsnn wen cn, t n n f n^nsnfCA S t f c n nnfw f t t n w t f t f f w nfjcns nftw awentet wtw
Aragon-an mwtn c f n w mmm ne^^s ant wtmenn n r n r f m ^fnw 1 w s t n w r ^ awcaj nttmn n f stmn amwm mmm fnmn
tnmf ft'Sewm
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Contents
W t ? 1 f R
f f t w t e t ffsttftif r ? H t t ? ^pi? f c t w tfS t w ?

f3vo<)lC>ST?) f c w f vs ^ v o H l t t?tref W f t f CWT (WirtW? f t f t tbfti r ? I w t w e t e t ? f g t t t aewctcw f f f f t f f - f f f
t t t i t ? W W 5. Travels of Father Manrique, W W . C. W f t t t f?f r ? ( f Phayre, Coins of Arakan of Pegu,
E . Luard) i W t f Wtts ttWRt W W CWW f t f ^ WWWCt? and of Burma, International Numismata
wftWCtt f^, a t t f f i o o s / i f e r e Wct f f t C i T ? s t T C t f f f Orientalia-C, i w r %, M.S, CoUis Jour. Burma
?TFttff stW<3 ff%vo r ? I Research soc, iferff/it., vs8-ffr; J.W. Laidly,
ioio/ife<i)o w c t wtwctcf w r wf ftrt? t s f t t WW tgf& J.A.S,B. ibr8fe, fba 8 t t ir, H.F.Blochman
w ? w w R ? f t t i w f ^ Wcw-t?ifww ^tw ftw? twwffwftff J.A.S.B.ibriv3 f , i t., rofe-vsofe) I
W?twc?? a W t c?t?rc?? tft tw?? w?? att cgirt-a wttTwet? f f f f ^ a w w ? fttwtct? f f f ? fftfttfr
? M t R f f t w ? w a t t r t W5RI f t t wtwrftwcf cf?wc?? f f f t t t ?ftWef I cgtrt-a? t W f f r W ? (Sandlhkan) t t f w t ,
WW wtrw? ttwfcf t p wif t w c t ? tw? ct? i a t f f c f owtcf wtftt? va tfeW"QC?e wtff f C f ? Ctlff? ( Buddermokan)
W W f f ? Wfcf? W W Cft? WfWW ttcwvg wfffi? f W r t c t w t ? w - f t ? w^ftitT? '^fftfwff fttftr wtwvs f t c t ?
wwffct? t f t t t l f fttwc?? tft'swf t f t 3 ff?c wtfct? I wattet ft?? w f r t w t t f t t w ?fr?tef i b t f t e t t t w f ?
h i f t t W t - f t w , i o l V ^ C f f W f t , bfefeb w c t W W f l f tttlW w>sfti?t? w f t fffit t ? f t r w?tf I f f f t w i w w t a?t WtW?
ftrt? i r w?c?ft fc? I t s t trt? f c t tttft t t w f t w r ewi W t f f C t ? wtfT?f-ff? f f C t t (g. E . Forchhammer,
t?r r ? (g. G. E . Harvey, Jour. Burma Research Monograph on Arkan Antiquities Sir
Soc, is>rr, r t . , i o i - i - ) i R.C.Temple, Jour. Burma Research Soc, iferff f.,
?itwr W'a?wwR? t t f f t f t wftwir ti? ioife/ifefefe w c t f. i - v 5 i )
b^wt t t e t ? t t ? w?iw%f? g ^ c?t?r5 *Rtt f1?w ct? att * s f f t f g (i) Sir A. P. Phayre, History of Burma,
w?ifi%?i?wa5tt ttfr fftw ewfr5it?tfcwt t r t fc?? i % ife-bri, i i i - b r 8 ; (r) G, E . Harvey. History of
(w^ftwct?cf f f ? f f f t t t t t?Tf f W rtttftt I s^wct? Burma, % i v 3 l - 8 f e ; (vs) History of Bengal, rt., t W l .
t f t ? tsf ?Tc?? f g w w t f t t c f ? trctttfw f c ? ? i ffft til? ? f ? t t t f f t ? , WW ife8b- f . ; ( 8 ) til? ? f ? t f t??t?.
ioS\r/ib)t)\r t l c t T f f t ? ' S t t W Wffttffi?!?) 1 Studies in Aurangzxib's Reign, ifevsvs ^f., f .
at W a R t f f t c ^ w?fff%f? t f f ft ftfw cw? i f f s f ifei-ri I
trt? f ? irf/ib-f f w f f # w t f^c?? W W rttw wtiir Wttlft? ?lWfftt fttft "501
t f t I w f f f f iioo/is>r w c t w t i f c ^ f t f t t t ? t f f f t w w f t fftft fftft
f f t e t ? ctftttwef wwtifte t f t w f i f t ? f t t t w t f f ttte?? ttettw b-vsvs/isvso ftie??
WW wtWffe? w r t e t ? tff w e t t fc? i ww# ftftt fft b^1-br/i8v58 f?t?lWI
w s w wft va t t t f i t wtw^vswt (wtwt) at?if t f f t f f Ctttlff VNS1-V/i8vs8 Wtfftf?
ftftt fffft va f f w f t e t ? f t c f t t f W ? w w t tfftfww b-fevS-8/i8fffe
(Thlrlthudamma) ?twt W T f W W (Sandathu- ftiGfff . brfevs-8/i8fffe ftttw ftr ffetw
damma)-a? WWfttlCt w?ft? f t f W t t t i s b f fc?? i at t ? b-b-l/i8b-r
f t f f t fttfef? ttf t?ft wtwvs W W f f W f W ? wt^ct ttttt fttittff ferfe-vso/iffrvs ttwt ftr ftetw
fftecf I w w r wwt' w c t ffffb ( W f f w w t w f t f f ) i fevSi-Viff^ff ftw? vg^tlft
( f f c ^ ^^trf, Bengal Past and Present, t t feff, i f e r i ttttw fevsi-Viff^ff "wift f t r ffctw
f, f iv5fe-88) 1 ^fevsi-v/iffvsi vaStlft
cft^ wwtet? f t t t t f f t f t f r t vQ Wrtet? t t t t t ? tbtf ff^ fevsi-b-/iffvoi wifftr ftfff
f g i ? a t t t fftft tfb f t w Wftt f t f f WW? t t w e t ? f c t w fefeO-fei/iffffvS
tfb ^ twt fc? c?, f t f t i t Wtw? tft WRtwftet? fit? fftftWft fe1b--fe/i81i tfflRtftr fftft
cttffa f i t I iooi-Vifffe
trt f t PI, Wtw? ^ t i ? - t t f f t w?twftw wrtet? ^ ttttttttft iooi-Vifffe ttftt ftr ftff
'wft?t f c ? I fttc?? trr?i? w w t ??cttw wt?TWc?? iori/ifeir
ttwft fffeff?
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^nt?HtlA nft a t n w stAt. smf A S , a t S t w m n cs^nn msns f f n

cs>cgn f n s ^ ftfw^ f n f t n wfwmcnt ncA, fsetn s#m ntwfncnn
m%itiA wffct c f n w wfmnnfeAs nmAw 11 f l n i wtm ^ e n t m s
io81-V/btooV W W (mm w n m nftm nte ^ e n , mnemmn stRnnn 'ffnt' ftmm tmew
t ^ cmm AtsicA I ffwn^ nrnftn nnn f|n, t m fems s
m ^ wtasmetn a f t cssg ftmen f t f mw wfncn i sntf%n
J. B. Harrison (E. I.2)/fAmfft (Castille) csnn fnscns fsTn stwjft w t w t s m n wftntfin
^ t afcm Sfmns 'fnfswes" ntmnnenn ns, nnt wtmfennt
^sfWJf ( o J 0 " ^ l ^ wimtn-an nntfw wmft
wtfstw] f f t w "ê mfsw I a n w f n f m w t n Ate w m - .
nm I E t f o m n s a t '*mfts cwteftftw s ntwS=#w a t ^wnfnn
m s n t nftnte^ i cwtefrfnw f t n R n t m ntmnn
wtmfcnn ftftnen f?m wmRsm wmwim (ff.) s wtmfn a t ^
(Navarre)-an afsin 2tt%n^tffns n m f t ^ n fnfnw mstntfnmt ftm ntflftn Wfw ftnten tfttffs AS r
ntnw f ^ f t ftnwttftm fitntRs awft nftn nm (wm-ftnntft, ntsnt, a T f w t e ^ a t ntwr f t f t wtAtenn m f f fnfww wtsmnfA
nt i o f f ) I at-wnratw wtngntcwn f n w t n f fîrafnw nnfnintn fnewenn nem m t wftm n t m f i n i t m s wen fsfwf w t f f f n w
n f f n nt^'^cw St'tf AtsicA i ntwt 'tsn wf%3R wntn t n fntnnt i R n Ssgn AS fcnenn ( i i ^ i f . ) witnnm (iinf> f . ) s wtfnnrn
m nr cnm (sierra de la Pena) a t wnntstn n f f w t f ^ ( i A 8 8 f . ) , (Roque Chabs, Division de la
fncw tfnnfww wftm cnn ant mtntr nffn nftw fnfnw ^w conquista de Espana nueva entre Aragon y
ntwnmn ancm (Ebro) nffcw tfww ^smn f c n tm m n f n , CastoUa, Congresso Hist. Arogon. Slcnctt-fl iisoii.
fwcnsnm, mt^cnm, cntwrcwft, mftmn, wtttcmm s fwnt^twt f . ) I a t fe.fs-nfCA wtmtn ^swiffScnn ntwr fiiess ? ? f m
(vuiafrancaf-n ftft fnnm wfnm mn I fnfsmiwwtcn ftsfstfnm ensm A S I aftent^ ntwjft iAob- f .
tm mSfnmn A S , ântft wtntfn nlwtcnn f f n nrcwr wfajcnt fnw? fnfnwn mf^ fnsm t n nfcgn fncw nememt fnn^ wen i
wntn mmfnw t t wfnm ntmcA i mtscnm tn a t nffn cnt n n n t t m s fffwn awit fttfsw sitesm ftsfftw A S w t R ^
tfwttcw W f n n t w t o fnftî tnmslftfl ftncftntn fncw simft (Ch. E Dufourcq L'espagne catalane et le
t m n m t m f f t m f n tfw w f n n t wen i ntmn, A t . , isir-an Maghrib aux xlii et xiv siecles. tJtfsn iitoff f . )
-^cw tm Wfnm wm ntn, "Afsv/Jsii men ttncfim fnmmtftn w t m (wfnwt ntf^ftm fnfnft s cntnn mwi wfcfn
n t n s 'wtffftA t n n fAtmn t n n f n s - a n nft cmttcmt ntetn nft sfRenfffms) n t n n t f t n mgtesfm wttftetennâ
f t f c n n f m c t fAtmn t n n wtnfnn-mftw w t w - w f n wtmfn ( a e t n ft^stiljsis fSSw wftfw ntwmfA) m t m n ftctn
wfwfct mm wenn i s f f w t c ^ tm Atc^cA oiA/S'^8 nfen ntentwn m n f w fnnn mtcss (A.Masia de Ros, la
w f n 'wtnfn ntAntenn fntjtw wfmcn mnA^ t t i f c n m '^cw Corona de Aragon y los estados del Norte de
w t t w t f w t n ^nnmtftff w t m f n nffs f e n w n f ? f f p f ^ Africa, Ste^fctt-tl iS>ffi f .;A. Lopez de Meneses Los
wtnwmwm/ wrswrnffrnt mswfm/ ntnfcnm mtenm cmwt consulados catalanes de Alejandria y Damasco
cnnt wttms, f f i m n ttncittm wtasmt wcs ( f w m f n n , fft., en el reinado de Pedro iv el Cerenonioso, ntntcttm
if>ffto f.; L. Giunta Aragonesi e Catalan! nel
i A ; mnm. A t . , i b r ^ ; A. Canada, La Campana
Mediterraneo, fjtntnem i M f s f.; L. Nicolau d'
musulmana de Pamplona. Ano S.A8, ttncftm ifsnto
Olwer L' expansio de Catalunya s la
f . ) I oAff/ fs'sn men iffoo wmenitt 'SnnmA f A m n t s n fAtmn
Mediterrania Oriental Slcnctl'll iJsAto f . ) i 8 n 8 f.,
t s n tnntnew awft atttfnw mnfnw t n e n ^ t wfwnten c f n t wm
Wtmtn wjtRn ntwi ftf^s awffwnetn wen cmn f n m m t f t s
AS, cnt nmcw cn tffs m s m ms Smew a n t snenn fntfsw
fssst f t AS, t m m f w t ntnntfm s m smft wtmfn (fwwtfwn, wên wffcnetn f c m t m wen iffis> s i e s i f., wmfwntn
fft., A n i ) I wiapnetn stestt [sissiestm mmcnn wnnfjwm ftmc^ tfnmftw
ntftn new a t men awft t f s m m ' s f l n (Cronicamoro, (H.wtnfw s ttnnmfm sissicsini), wmm ftt fnwn ( i f f A O f . )
m m . Catalan, m f n i>i.nff f., % sb-h) i wm-Snff faSRcn mtentf n t n (iffoff f . ) , ( E . G . Ontlveros, La
(mmfnw... ff^) nenn, Acsnwi t A S cwntft " f f n e n n nem political norteafricana de Carlos I, ntRi ifsffo f . )
fiffn^ winrn wimfn-as t n w s s f amwra wnf^" i i e s i f., c n t t i ^ f^ (g. wmntmtf^) i
tnntft tw^cwm
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(ii^rfe'^.,c?etfff f f f t f r i r v s b - wnettffm ) t f f ^
w i t - f t t t l f t t te (?tt v t t ) , "tn? w< rteef f i i ^ (fttit) ftttet ttr f ? t tr? ( R . I Bums, The Crusader
ftgitfR ( t i t t i t t ) G CSrtltfT (wttit) ttfc? t t i t i t f t t t t?? Kingdom of Valencia, Cambridge Mass ifefei %,) i
ft?fr-a? ffewt? trt i" t!44iH? te (trfpr, tt, 'Ztws, it., wt?tte?? f f f t t f fnt%et? f t t t ? t f f w w f f f f s n R ^ gjft ttrt?
ioi) " f t 3 t wt3ttt fettem tt?fetltt ati tnet? ftfttf wftfw? t r t f t tettwr? cfrtt tffew? i wtf t f t e t ?
a t t f t ? tetr fttt w t t i t t tteso? t t c f btttt tftte? tin? tfwet ^ t a t f r afff ft?set?ef fcf ftettfww ?ttr? fettwe?
ttefetttt wtff I WwJtfff tt?tt fttte? tn? ffttw m tr? ftttw t f i f f v o wttifrt (fw?tttn f t w fftfff t t f r ftff?
ffttt rttte? i" wtt-wMgt ftwr f c t f f i f tf??t s p t f f t f t ? tw^?tf fit) I t t t ijtlwfG r t C v a C ? i o f e S Cidfff
ttffS rtef?t, wtjftef wtftf? wff?it ftfff tro ft?et?t i wrtetttftt tfw? I tttffftet ttttefttt, fcttt va t?e5rtt a?t
f ? i t ftftt ttftff? wsttft ?nr r?i? tteft t n t tfnt wwst? f t t cwtt f f f riwtf "gf^tfr^ at ttft^wtt? t f t
t ^ 1 t n ? ^ t f f t e f ? w?T ffte?ff f t f t e t t -wt?? trt W f f f ^ (R. M. Menendez Pidal, La Espana de
? @ ' Q t t e f ff- w f t ffft? fffe rts at f ^ t f r rtce? ttf Cid, t t ^ i f e f f f e % , S l r v o - f e v o ; R.I. Burns Isiam Under
ftft, #ft, ?r^ iftt, ?if I f , ttf ttfft, wtt-f?ift, ttf the Crusaders, t f f t ? i f e i - s '^.,iib--'Oir, i i v s - t r v s ) i at
ftffttttf t l t t t f f f (g.) I a f t f f rte a e t t t f ftft f # t f t w ? f t fetwt?et? (g. va Macho Ortega, Condicion
t n ^^Fttftr? rte? fff rte f i e f 1 f t t f f t r ?tetj? tetr social de los mudejares aragoneses (s.xv) Mem .
f tt? êe?fift (ioiro), ttetr? (iovfe), wttef?t? (iosi), Fac. fa Zaragoza i f . , (ifer-s , i - o i - v s i f e va L.Piles
wttet?t?t (iofeo), f e t t f t (iofefe), <itticSt (iioo), ttteet? la situacion social de los moros de realengo en
(iioff), acsfwf va ifte (iiofe), w t t r ^ (iio'i), ''n:?tt la V a l e n c i a del s, xv t t ^ i f e S f e ' i j . ) a ? t t??ffftet?
c t w r t t (iiii), tt?iefttt (iiib-), wt?te?1?t va f e t t i (iiife), t f f t C f t e t ? is^^Cf? fftstff (T. Haiperin Donghi Un
fittr|t va tie?tft (iiro), w i t f i f f ? (iirs), e?iwt (iisb-), conflicto nacioral, moriscos y cristianos viejos
ctffft, iFtft c t f t t t f (iisfe), c?5e?R ( W f . iiffi), en Valencia CHE xxiii-xxiv { i f e f f f f %) ff-iiff
wtttit?rft (iifefe), ? t t e f (iiii), trtw??t (irrfe), te?w xxv-xxvi ( i f e f f i ' ^ . ) , brvs-rffo; c t t f Recouvre-
(irvsr), ffttttf (irvsvs), e f f f t e f t t t (irvss), t f t t t (irvsff), ments de civilisation les morlsques du royaume
itet?fti?f (irvsb-) va ff??ft (irir 1) i ?rtf%et? fffft fffew de valence au xvi s Annales xi ( i f e f f f e ' ' t . ) i f f S - b r ^ ; J .
frff? f?t, fff wi?ite?? fffft f?t ? T f f f f t % f 1 f t t Regla Estudios sobre los moriscos V a l e n c i a i f e f e S
w i t f f e t i e f 3Ktt? -8 ? R i ?r? I f t t t ttvsffttt (ife)-? ?5ffwf M. S. Carrasco Urgoiti El problema morisco
? e t t , irrff-fe cttew vg w t f f f t r ? ffwe^ wtn? en Aragon al comienzo del reinado de Felipe
i^ffrtfttf wtftte? "ffft wtftte?? sooo wîc?iDcf trtet? ii-wjtct?ff?t i f e f e f e ' * [ . ] 1 at wtsttfcr trtft flet? t f t f t
wf5?tr fftfftw a?i f t f ^ v o vg TTttr fff?tf?ct? r a t ftft? fWftet? ft?ftft W f B ? a?t trt?t exarlco' f f t f ttet
wtfttet?fcttfttttf etitrti? (ftftit Cfet? ' ^ t t t f f f ) wffft ^ C ? (E. Hinojosa Mezquinos y exarocos
tffttr wtfftltfet? I "f^ wfte?ftf t t f t t e t e t ? ttet f f t Oberas, ttftt i f e S b - %, rsff-fffe) i at #Wfer? f t f f C f ?
f f f t i f f e t t , "wtrteiT? te?r win? t t f f e f fftwjtt ftfe? ?t?et wit-wtff?rf (g.) ttfrct? ftft wtef? f ^ at wtaett
t t l " t f f tet a f f t t t w t f f f f ^ fffwftr r ? ( D . M . tttttilt I
Dumlop A Cutler A. Turkl, Alandalus, ifeffr,
"wtf? '^ffnttfct? ftte wT?ff? cf?t aftt atrft tta
ifefevs va ifefefe; Chalmeta, R UIVI, xx ifeir) wwsf? iiilr
ter, ? ? t wttftft fiewj? ww^-^ ?iwS?fwf M f t t t w f t t w
%, f f e s f ? ffftt ftftt C f e t ? f f ^ f cttttt f c ? I ftft
^ w t f r tct! at cffwe frf^tttfti, c?etfff f t t f ^ ^
t t t r f ftrft trtew w t f f r t ftftt a f f t t t - w i e w t ? ff%
wttetttfttefvs t n ? wwfss im I wit-ti??tfft (flw?,
f c ? a ? t ? t e f f f t ftf?wf fe? i ff? ftfttft f i t t t t ( f f e t t f
ffo-i, r - s f f , rfei) feri/irrs ttet t n ? fffft t f c f ffer??
rrm fftfw f f e w t f m atttttt wtettt c f i t ; a t ffcftw f f t f t ffttc?? s f t f fct? wfffte? t f t at wêt? t t t t f r
flet? t n f t tt tftt? tfft Nice at^vg^, ffefttet cw?^?rctt (wit-wtWft), ttettwf, ttfietrtt >3 tnet? t r # t f wt3t,atft,
w?c?iet? a f w ? t w ffff f?ct?) awff? f t w wetj f e f ? t t t
ctftwt vg ftttwtft I at^ft at? ?tffett?T? f??iew? wfte?
t s ^ ftf?t cwtet 1 ffsift f t ? cwtt-a? frt wt%?t?tfrcfvg
S F t w t ? f t c t w t e ? a t t wrmt? wffj at'sft t t t t tflw i
t t t l f t fffCftt
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wmrfn-an w f 5 iiil5iwHi mmn ^tmn w f f n t n w ^ wen ant wtfn^ ' w r f t s n msfA w m - m n f m m t t s n

tsfvo I n t f ipm tnfSwif wnscn R n n wtf ntnântn wtn^-ntinw wTstnmA w m - n m ' w t f ( t s f n w i s i f , nt s>io) tmew
tsn W f f n n - w i f n fms wfnmcn wmnntnnt. ast tAts sfncssn s f f w m ^ wesn I a t wtwnn<n f f f A S ntt i wmn Swm mnnn
sTwjfIn I fnf W f f ntnmntn tsn sffensfnnaen nTAts nfwj mnemm w n wtssiflcn-r ant entmen fwft f n f n v nnfw ^ m r
frnimf n w t n ^ fln i ctenn mnft wtt mnwn mwt www wffmflenn (nmm. At., AJ>) ant w r f s t ^ f w entmen
ttfnw fln s awtt wtt tin fcnf1%ffo wtmfn ant tm "ftnemmn wrfnenn f w e ^ " w s t f n tnrnntftf n t m wfnn
ntff-fntncw wnf^ i fnmmffn Stfcn ntff -fn fme Atsiflcn'i (wtnmn mwf'wt, f . no-) i mw ntnn wnesicnn m
fnn t^rit sitc^c^ nttncntm, tmn m nftstcA wfnttftm, wfnnn Acsnwt ( w m - S n f , f . ff^-n) w m - ^ wnm wm-mnA-an
tscBiwt I at wpcn w f f f f n n f f n f A AtcweA mmcfTm, t m m f m wrstmsf^n w f s s i f l e n n f n f t n (a.) cntstt t e w
cnftm,3nmswfntmfnat nst mtncntms mwts ttnmfen w t w t ^ n wftmtlenn entstf t c ^ i "nm f n n m n f n e t e n
tin I 'flt wnscnn mn wrmfn i ftnmfn new (rn^sn, nt ib-A), stent wen wmr enffm S ^ w n wtmnenn nm:m'rfn f c f s
"nrtwswT wtmfn wnm wnm nttncntm ê wtmew awfnenn w f n s r f m wfAtenn nft '^wft ^ n t m n wen a s t csnn
ff" ant tooto/iAb men sm wjrcnnfnm ntn snm, tmn wtffsmfwescw wfAfcnscwwn nrnwen" (Cronica Rasis,
wtmnn^fenn ^ f a i mfs wes ant cwnn/wrtwfA mfnw wtmfn f 8A-) 1
tmn fnmnwm atAf wenn i "wneten wtnm cnf^fcw mt cn, i o V i f f o ntcn anem Smsrsnn nfsfsif^ w f t n nnmts f f t
wrmfn bfnt twew ttsnin f b f ^ wrmfn mewm wnannfA I wffiw mew wmr t S f w w m - f f A f entmen f m s Sm^fSf n f
tsn mnfn (tsm, nt, tssiw, sn., oâ) senn, 'mtf^tmnm mwt wm-fntsnew mft ftprten estnn s^csn i io^/seo nrcn 'wtfns ^
nmewnmnm, wm-wrmfenncnwr^wnscn wrmn fffnm nrwj n t f f A m t s n f f m n fsctitA cnrnm wen i n t f f A m t f n f f m n
ff|w fln I mfmminm, wtmfn, wtfwm, ntntemm, wrtennfnm, t n m t f s nmmsens mm f f t w nf^ttm n t f t f n nrnnwrn
cfT^m, mrsmwtfnnfwt cnwre mestjn w ^ i" sftn cwfcns wm-fftnnew mmeftmn wnemn wcsn i w t n f n n wm-fmnfcw
wjtcnntnm nncnn wm nfne f ^ t f n mnfn wrAiewnlfnw wtm f s ; wes, wfstnew sttn 'wmfs-nAfm nf5 wfwig^ wftm c t c n
wiffsffw wtsffn nrcn w^ft wisnrem I f n n w e s n (wtnms, f . ^ A - S S S ) I n s s f wren w t f n f m s ff
wffTwf1%e fftnnwngmenn nncn fnmt mmnenwrstfn nAwtf "msm' sinscw entmen csmn wcsn i t n m r f f n m n m
css^ffns n s n Atmfin i sffw-nen^ nen A S , "wrsnff ffenfn t s n tmwwm w m - w m f wm-Amnn t s n ntAm w m - w t n m f
ntewT wmtwrmwrest mmt wmntflcnn [ F . Codera, La titnenmn-an ftfB ntsteftm Aress s t f f j f f tnm f m e w ssb
dominacion arabiga en la Frontera Superior, f . f A m mf wfwnm tf^bi=iii wff: stcmfsw wesn i a t wtmn
mtgn ibSS f.; cnnw, Llmltes probables de la nt^ t i n n f n t "îwlt wfw f f r s nt^^nfwwwfcn W W J w f ^ R f n
conquista arabe en la C o r d i l l e r a pirenaica, w n m I Acsnwt wnên t i n f f f n t f ntmm mmm m A f n t s n
BRAH (iS)oto f . ) ; J Millas Vallicrosa, La nrsfcws wtftmsjwfcn n t t f w A S I w f f w wmnm t s n t ^ f w
conquista IVIusulmana dela region pirenaica, cntmeij stnn Atmenn men w w f f n s s t f f ^ wesn i f f f n t f
Pirineos (is8to f., At., <fo-ton)l i atmcs cnt n w wnm w t f - a n f s n t m n tftsicss sfffnft f n t t f n f n t (a.) bSA f .
nfet cmlnem cftntnm, nnmsen-n wm-ftsm, fnmn fsmn fcnmc f f s t A wfsm mnemm s ênnwt n t n wesn ant
cmm, ftnscns wrm, Snenn, mnmm, tnemenn nmtfcnttnn-n tncwew "ctenn w f n mwt" nfnm cnrnm wcsn i f m e w stfwAw
cnff-n S^ ffnn nw ant csteft ^ ttncsffnfcss wfs fte< f f s m w m w t f n f m r n n wtmwrgn s mentwra f f f n t f
wnt^ cntsfnwfnfWAsmt i fAffwnew "^nwm s f f f l w wenn i t m m ^mm mw wftm wtfesn
nfns f n fw nt[4 ff^r nn, wmf^ at mtmen awnw W T C A sffw wtffem ntmt m mffm ffstennew ntb-an m f n tmssstet
cn, f f t tsn fntcss (g.) W n i s men mntemm wn wesn i s f f f t w sên I Ssmpen n t n t w t f e w -ntf t t n f w t n f w - w f f n
Cronica del moro Rosis (f. 8i-A)-as n"1m Wfntes ^crnnwtc s n w r f n t i n i ^ t cmcsmt gntw, wtnn, f ^ m m n s
"Tarife el fijo de Nazayr" at WlW wfnntflcnn ant mmcm wtmffnensew wtmenn f n n r n n s f f n stfwn^ftenn
tmc 2rwtffw mm wfnten fft ffn fnn nfnm wfnn An ant fnnm^ sfcmfSw f s e w ff%w A S m t i n t f fcnn f t w s a t s t t t
wtnteftm ntnw awft nifigw rnns nnn wenn i wm-w-'^ t i n I nTf i n fnnfnfew f n f s wen ant f n nnenn w m w m
wrfmewn wmen i o o / s i b mcnn fcnt mnemm wf^5PR-fn f f t r f f s , w t m f f n , f B t m n , n r m n f n ^ nmfSffsenn S^&rwr^
t n m f ffsewm
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WM-WttlW 'WI?5? ?RtR 'wttm

f f f w tiffew R S f f rtrfit I t f w t c w t w rs, rrb-/b-8o t t c t t W f f t R - f W f f c ? ? f^ r t ( t T t t ) f l c t t 11?? f r t r ? t ? ?
ftcf f C B M ? fttwtrif ffwft w t s t t f r c f f f f w t i t f t wfrtcf f r r t t ? ? ? f f "w? tt^stf ? f t r f c ^ t fffftc?? 1
l o o f t t w ? t l l w f ? v3 t l t W W t t f t t ? t t t w tftetr tHC5T C f r Cfr f t r t ? tftc?? r t f r ? t ? ? ? t f w - r t t t c ? ? 1 f f f t
(Sancho)-at ( W t - f t f , f . o o ) t l | f t f t f f f f w t f w W f f t f t r ( r ) ?tcw ? f f w r f c f ? a f w ? t f f ^ r f 1 f f f t
tftcw?, W f f t f t r ( r ) - ? ??tcw Cfr r f f ?'^ f f f c t wft
sfftf 8 (i) f t t f t c w fflffw t r w t j f f w g. (i) J. ? f t r ffew tfft pf ftfff r t w j t f f I wf ttft ttffcf
Alemany, La geografia de la peninsula iberica W f f r ? r ( r ) - a ? attt ttff? f f t j t w c ^ f i r w t f t w sstct ftft
en los autires arabes, f f t f W iferi %; (r) C. Dubler t t t t t t f t f t t t l f t v3 W ? f C t f S f t W f f f ^ t t t f e a t f C ? ? I
Las laderas del Pirineo segun al-ldrisi, Andalus fspwtt f T r t t , W W w t - w r w ? f f f t ?ftct?, f r ? f R
ibr t . (ifeffo 001-10; (o) F. Hernandez, El Monte t r e t ? te? I W f f r ? r (r) ftff<3 f f f t W f t t t ? w t - t t f ( r ) ,
y la Provincia del puerto, Andalus, i l t., (ifeffr w t ^ i r t t ? Rtftf t f f f s f f t f (r), 'Wfgptr t?? w ? r t (r),
>{.), oife-feb-; (8) H. Mones, w f f t f t - ^ t t l f i p t l . . . . f r t r t t ? ? t t t t t r (r), 'w?^[afrt??wf'ft?, w f tiRir t f r
f ^ - W r g t , t t f t t ifefei '^l.; (ff) Afif Turk, El roino de W f f f ? r r r ? , ftitt t ? ? r f t t ? ? r f w f f t ^ e w r f f
Zaragoza en els, xi, t f f t t ifelff '[.; (fe) J. Bosch, ?l?tfft?TfCf? I
Historia de Albarracin Musalman, Teruel ifefffe
f r ? fftTfcR? t e t i r ? t t f i w t t t t , t i f t r t ? ? ff?tft,
If.; (1) J. Font y Rius, La reconquista de Lerida,
W R - - ^ . Wfst-ftf??, r r r t f ? t t ^ , r f w , f t t t f f f f r ,
Lerida ife8fe '^j.; (ir) A; Huici Miranda, Historia de
W f t - f f t f t , t f f t i f ' w vs t f f t t r t f t f f i I w t - w r w a f w ?
Valencia Musulmana, WTfWftffr ifefefe '[.; (fe) J.
f^ wet? w ? f t t f r f f f ? t f ? t i ? t f l c t t I f f r w w R t ^
Lacarra, Historia del reino de Navarra, tltctrttf
f r ? Rttt fit I ffft wetfwt^r? afw? f t i w t r f
ifeir %; ( i o ) c t t f . La conquista de Zaragoza por
f t t t w t t t f f t r f l c t t I f f t f ? ' t f f r t f t f t f i f a c t ? tcw f f f t
Alfonso J. Andalus, i r t . ( i f e 8 i '^j.),feff-fefe;(ii) ^
ft. i i o t t e t c t t f c t t t t f f f t t fc?? I W R - v s r f f f f r ?
Cttf, La reconquista y repoblacion del valle del
W f t w w w t - f f w R f r t ? f f P R i i i ft. ? f f r f e a t f f f r c ? ? 1
Ebro, Est. E. M. C. Arogon, r't. (ifeSfe %), ofe-b-o;
stter^ t w t f f ^ i w ? I
(ir) C t t f , La repoblesion de Zaragoza por
fft^t 8 (i)ttft t t f t w t - r t t r f , Rittrft-rrtt,
Alfonso el Batallador, Est Ha, Social Esp., t f ^
???iW iofefe/ifeife, i t . , i f f o ; (r) t f ? tiR, WW-WTtTftfR
ifeSfe %, roff-r; (i) c t t f , Irlgens del condado
ftr, ? t ? i w iob-b-/ifefeb-, fft., rb-o, rb-s; (o) w t - r r t f ,
de Aregon, t T T r t t t f ifeSff ( i 8 ) E. Levi-
WltffTfR ffftw, ?t?iW i o i S ft., i t . , fei; (8) tt?
provencal, Hist. Eap. Mus., index; (iff) J. Millas,
ft^, ffwif?-f|ftw, r t i t r r t (ttfwttwT) iofefe/ifeife,
El texts d'historiadors musulmans referentes a
fft., i o i ; (ff) W R - f t i f , W o - W f f t - ? t f ? , r l ? t ? f t t t
la Catalunya carolingia Quademos d'Estudi,
(RffwtfWj) iofefe/ifefer, o t . , Ofeo; (fe) tf? rtwf?
iSt. (iferr '!.);(ife) M . Panares Gil, Le frontera
W R - W t f t t t f , Wt?pffa-Wtrf?, ???i iOfeff/ifelff, i t . ,
sarracena en tiempo de Berenguer iv, Bol Ha.
ffoi; (1) a' C t t f , WfrffW-Wfrft, ???iW i8o8/ifeb-8, fet.,
Geo. Bajo Aragon. 8t. ( i f e o i 1
rfeo, rfei I
P. Chalmeta (E. I.2 Suppl.) / t l f T w t t 1 W<|t t t t t ? f S t t t f t t t t t t
'il<ilf ( ^ JJL) 8 [w?vs g. w f v s r ? (jj>.y^) aft ttw tr

t f r f f r f wfft^ <3 f r f f f , f t r t W f r f t , w t c f t tcw W f ? f ( j j b j ^ ) - a ? fttfc a t t f r ? t 2 ? f w f ?]?r r?) 1
r f f t 1 t s t w w t r c t ? fti% s^rc? I c f t r t f r t w t - w r w w r t r " w r f ( w t f t f )<^ ? ^ t # f g j e f t t t r ? r r t f c f ?
r w w?<3 a f S R frtftt? ftct*t 1 wrr? t f w r t fit tttftt tt? t c r I a t w f ' w r t f t ttte??, a f t w t f f r ? " w r t
f r ? a t t f t r t fit W f r f f t i 'Wff?-?frr? w t - w r c w ? r r ?ft<3 ?f? f t t r r tfCf? ?er, f<3 t r e f t f
ffwt? tft r ? f ? t?? ff?tf? I Cfr Cfr ffrtcf W t f ? ?frr? ^tew f t f f r r ? r a ? t f r r f f e ? c f ? f ? f^Rt^s f r r ? t t 1
t t ? f t t t R v Q ? f t r c ? ? I t t r t tfvatrf ^ t t ? riwt? ctt? C f R a f i t fafcst? t t c f t t f f f f t r'sr? f ^ ? f ? f t R S t ?
w t - ' w t f i t t f ? wrtTtfttc? fwft ^ ' w t t f t rfffr t t ? ?Ti, w t ^ f ^ '2?fftT <)jf ? ^ f ^ f ^ t t a ?i 1
t t t t f ffSlCftt
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SOS
"wran-a? ffftn siwm ô^c.^ m nftmn m, ats;n 'wmnrntm m; cn wtms mft t t t m cwftntfin" i tm wtRsns cntwtt a t n
n T # s nfcw w m nsnr mn ant S s H wfefv3 mgn I n w a t w m nfnm ttcw, n t n cwm mf^ f W f e t tfww as w t n
cmn CWH nnw^fnn (fmwTf%fn ) 'wmtn (wttfww)-an St cmwt wtfnm S t f f w as I wmn wtms f f m t n n cn
wl^N^nfftncnns ftmcn afAtwfnmcfn ans, Smsnt ftmcn nsram nftwmest mtm ttew I
Wfnew S t ^ t n wlnmcm i fwf f'wTinnf ncnn fw^ cmw wnrfm f:^tit s ( i ) wm-wtnftff, m m . W u s t e n f e l d , i t . , 8iir;
nnwffnn ann fwf f n r t n t S n ^ n n wlnmcAn_mmm 'wtntn (A) wm-mftft, it., AS ( Wf. J a y k a r , i t . , oS> t . ) ; (o)
(vmnfww)-^ nn, wtmn (n^)- nn ans Smwncw mmm mn H a r t m a n n R e i s e d e s B a r o n B a r n i m , f . ^b-o-^tb-to,
( j u ) ftmcn n<Rt wfnntcAn i wtmcm new wf%f awft în m S8o-b8o ; (8) T i e r l e b e n B r c h m (on f g t , ibii>:i f . ) ,
wn^ I S)t., (2-too t . I
sf^tit s f n f n n m^ ns*t mnlww (ff^fnnjt)-an sf^nfA H e l l (m. m. t . )/a. wm. cms wtft rnnms
fam, fnetnw ( i ) tmt ffm, fwwtft Rwt (nrnfww nsan w s t ) ; Wtm-^'?rt^ (^1 _^vi) 2 t f f g fswtens sn fnt i a t
(;i) tmt nmn, m m'mw wmtmtw i f n m wtnt nttrt ^10^ (nwrsns iôa, wimmnn) 1 fnttt m f ,
wtnfn nfsmn (m. m, t . ) / fstntn mtn^n wtSntn nwtnen i ^ o n t w r m w ^ e w i ^ s n t wtntw w t m i s o ntwtmw
^sn^rm c^j\) s ( w m % w iibji -vs ^ n ) st cmwt ( cmt b wtmw t s m mfwgm (ntmf); f.af., ^. i o ; f n f ft, s/s
termes arda='S^ ftftftfwf) i a t cmwt fbst sfnm cnctn fnfn t., f. itoo) 1
cnmn so fMf Ssn-nf%=n amwt t w m-sm rnn i ff? t m n mnwnn m^ ff:?mt s m^ wtfmfnw wsf S^ f n n f 1
mmew' wrmenn w m a t n t w wwr ftfnw i tm nmcw awsbcn at w f t s n 'wmmn (m) ste w r f tmffw ntf 1 t s n
wrsnenn rnnm-s fwfBt a t nncnnt f l n i t n m f t ffnrnn ftntmn "wmmn (m) ste f f t f t n feat w t s awft w R t ne wfmw ann
a t fnftfttm mm fftcttsn as 'mm S t f t S ^ esfft w ^ i wtnn cm^ ntm emsetn f f t n mm ( f m f ff, s/st., f . itoo, A i i )
sr^wmtt cnt wn^t n4n wfnntc^n, wtm Atc^scA ntm f*tfffnwt, f n m S t o - s s n s w t m w S s s t ^ r n m f n f f t n m n w n t w m ^ m c A 1
fmncn ntmn wenw stwm mm rnn ans wfnmst fm ncnnwfnw Sto, s s Sb nt wmte wtftw wtm^tenn awft tnt
Stenn fncw fftnte -3 m n t c t s wfnw n s m w f m e n m s m rnn i ant wfntwmffcns nftbs s wtsrntft wtAtamntftcnn nnn wftm
'wtnntnncnn, a t (mt csfs cttwm#ncnn aw t f e s tften m? WtAtenn w e m t w t n ant WtAtcns wtftew stenetn s t f r o ttfnmn
mfts "stm ttew (wrsftffs new aw ntnen nnnwien), ffg wt^tm wientbm nftstcA I
tm wffnewn m cn, a t fttfnenn m t w wtmenn wrfm ftnenn w f m w f f ant w f n r w m f wtstm a t fnnen fwmfnstenn
nft f f nncnn i wfs cnt ^ cttwm ntmfww # n n , cmmffws i A - a n wfnw nwfnw nftstCA 1 csnn ( i ) m t - f m nnrn Amn
mftn ^ t mmn wwrsen ffswt fig wsw si'ainfA fnnft wm "stm wtnen wtfte stenetn s t f r o wtft s wtAt^rcnn n m n f ften
ttew, S ^ nrmnfA ( f i s t t n f A ) 'Ms wfsc^ cnt cttwtenn wn^tnwtfttt; a t wlnw 'wtnffiA (m) mtA^Tw, t f n ^fstns (n)
nf%fnw stestf, ftftfnwtcnn nflw wtmenn 'gf, ff?nn wlnm wtkw s t f t ste n f f s I (A) f t m m w f t A s wtfnntt (fwtftn); (o)
n t wfnmn nrtmen wtmenn w r f a m , mmn S t n ffs wfnrn t f t n t t ; (s) egt f f n n s t t t n t t ; (a) 9m-mm 'wmm' ttm
Smenncw awit nmmft nftm t m wm ttm mew, a t mtew wtmA^ t e t ttmnr n n t w t f t t t ; (to) mmtff t n n wtnsm (m)
ftmm wntw flenn i .^tew n4n wesn, tm f f n m e n Snen awit S^ m cstten
a t ctrwm f w -^cw fnrntn mwm w m aw mwm fnn Atnm, "wtff -G w f w n (m) s t f t w n ^ w f f n n ; Cs) ffmnewn
ctm wrnwn nftm mnm wm st i ^ emwm ntnm wtm nnmenn mwtt n r f f t ; (b) nfftetn awit n n ; (S)) fttmtn s
ste ent sfwm w^ wttswt nftmcA Swnt sfnrn ntcwj t f t t w f s t - w t mm ntAtenn n f t m ntA ntw as mt; ( i o ) ffnm
Atstfit I wm wtmenn nmcw mmnt ntfcnn a t mnm cn, f f t n ntnm; ( i i ) wt^-wtAtftenn n m n f (stt) cnsitfts Sness
f n rn^t- tm wfw Sftfm mnm nftm nen as i ossivtf wrmw-an stt -Q wfw S'swt w t t w f m w (ffs-Aiftn g i o f s r e w n
fw% s m s t m ttew, ASSW f n t n m n (wt)-as f f m t s n "WtAtcns mnttten awft ensm ( f n ) ^ n n wm "^cs" ( a t cnmn
atwtcn wim f f s t f i n cn, cn ntftn S t s ws wfssi fwft ^ wtmrw wfwf) ant a t ensicns mfncf fnemfww cwestmtn
nPBttntflcnn t^ ntftftew mfts cttm tttm ewfnmfin i csnn wfntewn mtnrn-wmATfn-wfnrw; ( i A ) t^ t f s 1 ( f " s f f t ,
w m - f n w i m S^^ stmcA "wns n t n wtsim wtms f f s wnmm s/st., f. A i i - A i A m ' w t t s f n - f s w m , o t . , f. otos,
wfnmn w t n n t t cmwt (Stemwt) m f w cwa wrms t n s wifms (2-toto-(?tos); ( i o ) awft n^nm wfc5, t f n "wrssm (m)-cw
t n m f t ffsewm
t.ft.A/S>o
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HOb-
fgwiw? tft f S k t f f f ^ t j f ^ t t wf^T?T%f? "5<)ifi" ftwct? t f t W f t rw? atffw? tw? ftfw tfwt? t f f ?
fWit? t t f w w t ! f W ; ^5tet ffft tftctt, www wwe? tWi^fe? I
c ? f r % f t ? j f t ? < ( t r t ? t f t - w W ! t ? f , -^^ ffc?t?tt, fttpjt f W ? f B W ? ( W t w ? t e ? c??, C f R t t t ? t t c f r b c t t t w
w?iet?t?tc) I ttcf ) t f t w f?wt? w r fwnef w t f f ? r ^ f I f t f f t c f
f?f*ft w r f w f t t ( t t r i w ? t c t j tt? w t f t , f ' t w w , t?? Wftttf tw^^tte?!
Riwit (?t), t X ' W ^ , '^'f, t?? w t f ? , t?? W t f f ' t j t (?) t f t (Wtf cw cwwet?ef f f f w ? tftfif f f f w t ? . . . . w w - i o )
t t f t f f : i t c ? T W a?t f t W t f f W t f t c t ? tc f?T w f e t ((t\r f f f f e t t f f t f f t w ? wteWbtt? t t t t w c ^ p finfft'o f e a t
g i o ) tff c t t t t W W f f ^ a?t c t t c w t e t ? f t f ? f ^ wft f ? f ^ ? f e ? I wf?t? fwntc? f f t f e w ? ?'=tff w t t ^ r e o
t f w w ? f , C t t R Ate wtai G w t r t ^ fc?? tftj Cftt t t t c t , ttwttc I
cttte? w?fi??>tf t i t w t r t i R W W f , ( w W i f t f t - f ?w?, o t . , t ? ? f w c w b t t t t w e t ? ?Tsff? w t t f ? w r ^ t f t t - f w t ?
% (tb\r) I [ f f f t w t t t , t t t t f " w f ? r ^ f^' ( w ) - a ? w'-Qtt] t t n ? f
"ffttte? ft? wffww f t t ? ff?w f t j V3 wt tf?wt f w W??tcf f f t t e t ? c w w ? w T ^ . . . . ?rfTtet? t?sct? w t f ^
r t e t I ttw^ f t j W W 3 t t e t ? w t w t - f ? f tf?wt t f r t e t c t f??w ( c r w i w t f s f w ? ! c w t r w a t r t t t t t f ? i f f f t w f
w i ^ t e t t ft?e? a?t t t r t ? w t wri? w t w t f t f ti?wt wf WW C f H t w r w t . . . . w t r ba, 10, (b-o), ) c f t te?? ct
t t e t ct wtnwet t t t c ? i t t r t f t t ?ftet?, t w ? i f W W r ! ttrt^ f c t r r t c t t w f ? ffetfS w r ? f e a t 1
f t r v3 w t tw? tw? r t e t ? f f ? t f t e t ? , irt?tt w W c f ? ? T f t t c t ? wt^te?? f f c r f f w wwtrwr? fcii? ftf?
w f t w , t t r t w wt^te t c t t f c ? wt, et tw?t w w t t f rtet fw?t-w?r-fe8 I
( f f f , 8/H,t., f. r i i ; ftwf? g. ' w t - w W f ' ffc?r?tet? tf?'wvse?? t f t f W ( w ) - ' i i ? f f c f .?ft?tc?. c f t f t f
wf?) r , ' w t f r ? f t f t t ? a ? t f t i ? wtet.^. ( W f f ? e f ? -a w t i i t j ) t r t -a
f ? i ? c t f t ?f?t v3 f f t t t w ftt? 8. t t t f (?) f f f w e ? ? , t t w f f t f t w ? WW t t w c ? t t r f f t f f f t I
f ? H ,tft f f t tw? f f f e t c t w w?, tn?: t t ? t t t fftttf t t w ? ttwwftfW? f f t w w ttsf f W (w)-a? fstw?
wtff?i ( W w t ) G ftttw t t a ^ I t t t w w c s tfvGwe? att W f f e t ? t t c ? t f e t t ffWRte? w t e w b w ( f f tf-rft,
<bb Wftte wfff?te? t f ? f f e t t t f t t t c ? i s f f ? 5 f R - f f f w f w v s f t - t ? # e R trrr? fwt ât-tftftft ffwwt-fe
t t e bb ? ^ ' ? c t t t f w t^"^ wfff?fc? w e W b W i w t t ? 5 f ' wr-iffH) I
r t e a f t t ? ^ ' t f w t f t t v3 f n e t ? f w ? f c r ? tt?wfff wtatr? wtw-?rsfef? tffb?, ?tfct? ? w f w wftr?e?
wtBt?-wtMet? f f t ? t ?fr?tc? ft?i? f n ftttw tt^Hw i trie f b w t f f ^ f R w w t t t t t ? W W I w r ib-c-1 tfWte? f f f f f t
fswtff? ttwtiff ffww w f f t g f i f c f ? t t f t ? f e a t ?fr?te?, fft-Wftt t t ? , ?tfct? w w f f f t f f f w , ffttte? tf
wrte ? t R w f f f i ? f t f ? i f t w t r t f c ? i rrt ? ^ ' ? f f f t w r - i b - H , w a i r ? j f ( f r , c w ? r f f s wte?? w 1
w f t t e rot ? ^ ' ? c t t t t w f??tt wtff?te? wteWMt i tttfS! t e n f s r ? f r a t f f t - w ? w ? t f t , f f ? ^ i r f e t ? t f t
w t t t ?^'? w t t mt c t t ^ ^ t ffe?t wsftet? f t f c t ? w t M t C f t ? t t e ? - ? t f t e f t e r ? ? - w t r ifefe ( r f f ?
w t c w b w ?fr?ie? I f W ? wjw w?j f t c t . t i t t f - ^ ^ h c t f f f f t f c r ? f twwftt f ? w R , ot., f irso-iAffo) I
W C t l M l tlI^C<tff rt?IC? ( W W t f f f t - f ?WR, o t . f.,(J-i(J-; r ? t r t t f t f t t t f 8 w w - i - i 8 t r f ? c t ? t n t r H G fttrt
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ii-ib- % mom f f t , t s ^ o i w s w t w w fnm n#sra m ^ f t f R w t f w w m , ttrn'm S s t t ^c w w s ^ s w ^ n * ^ 1 ' a r ^

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wrniw i!*-:^^ % w m s At'am (wT)-iira. wr^rrc nnntn a n t m*mT n H f n e w n n w n t n "ntft S n ^ wm^ra t i f w w , w w g t n
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cmnm i stent wfsen 1 w t A f f t f m t n t n e w cnTmemt wfncn s wettnwn
stn^ S c ^ t j cn, wtnn ( w t ) wtîew w n ^ wten "wtnctn ttf% c m t wfncn 1
t t m n f A t m ^ n siff?itA' fnfnnm c n f t m c ^ a n t Âm S f f n r n ^ ^ m wrmw 80-80 % w t i r p wtntw w f f w r s w i f w A t w t f e n n
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w m , SAm cwm n n n s m t , Smn w m cw w t m S e ^ m t i WtAtenn w s c s n fnens s t e w f ^ wfsm wiftew stent wntem s t e n
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cn fn'mw wm wftnrn w m wtfn f t m n n f l w s a n c s n m m w f m ' wtms wfsen 1
tnwtenn 'sisn s t e w nww' ttfwnm fnent i t n w m cn^mn wmt 88-(?o g w t f t w m f m w r m ^ T f e n n m f w m w t A t f r m n
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A>smn mfn wfnmn fnnnt i wcsn t n m n i ^ w t f e w m n n f t w ntAf wtAtgtfm wifji^sifntnew mfwm ttfn s w m t m fn'men f|5temtt
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4 A t winmn nnnen w i f i A stns mwttnw ftntmw ^ e w n f n 3 w Asnrn n f n t n t t s m wtnet. a n t wtftntwew f f n m ttfwnm w f t w f f w m
fsnnt I wfnmn wmen w t ^ t e s n f n ' m wrstenn w m "mmn' m f t t n w m n
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tfnfnfwn wtent, wtfnfnfwn fnennrsaf, w t m A stns n t n f m tfwij mcs fwtm f n n m -^^fffe fwfnm wtfnm c^rw wrsm wlnnrn n m m
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ntet m I n w n smnm s c m t n w f f m m , >^f5t-oiîbis f t n w wmr 08 % wptrnn n f e n s g t t n s - s g - f s , atA n ^ R ^ n fmraw
w m t A Atmn wfnnteAn i m m t c w m m n s m n m e w m m n n s t n nAttfsmm A s m n w m n f t m wtmn w m fwntnw ntnft w m
m m w t f m > Q csmt m t e n m , fnntfsw cnmme wtmm fnmn -G a w i t n s w s t m fnnn A s m n srmt ensm ^ m c f I
ttf%n m g f n -ês i wmr aa-a-b % .cnt n m t f ^ m f stfwmnwew w t f f w fnnf
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m n f ) , n t w i w ( t t n wmmn m ) , s t t t n f n Twm-'bfe! (SAnm m ) , wmr (}-H-(?v g nsnews f f t n f n t m n s t t f n t f s w t f c n t m m
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t n m n t f f s nenn, wtw^sm e t t t t e w n n f t w n t f m f f , S w n t wtf5intcn w i ^ m f nswtes n f - m f n wttncnn ntst f n s n f f s n m
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A00-A08)I w m m n mfn, fnntnewn w f f c n f f ^ S t f t t n , f'fnnenn f n ^ ^
S ^ wraTcw c m m w - m f ^ c n n s r c n t w f n w t nr^ ^ntcA s n t m e s s fnmt s t f w t f wfnmn t l n n t e n ^ n i t m s ^ t n w f n n m t t f e 1
t n m f fmscsnn
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H8o
wmt fe(?-HA s 'WW w f e f f f c 5 rt?w |R (w) Wftîwt w r r t t , ?ft t t ? t t e t ? f t f t t f f w f f t t t f t f f w ? wffettt a t i

W f s j t , t f t f f t wsfftra? ' f t f t t ' 'WW' w w w f t e t ? t?, f T f W (w)-a? t r t f t f e f t i p ? f i t f f t t t f t f f ? S^gtitftt?
(W)-il? f f f t f W ? f f t w t f t - W f T w t t t f f f w t W T t t W t we? f t i t t t ^ t ? I
f f t f t f t f t a t i f t t t w ? f f ^ w f t w f w ? fttfew? t f t t f e wttf i o o - i v s i 8 ff?'wvsfeiT? f t ? fffew? tftw, wrfeir?
ftt?t I f W (w) vs wr? t i f w R ? fftêi ' W t W r^tra w f f e r t
Wtr qo-Hfe g W f t t f w e t ? f f t w t i f t r ' ( W ) - a ? f f ^ f v s f%5, f t t t f'fttW vs t f f e ?iet wfftit, f t t ? , t R t f f t t f
w t t ? , wff^ w ^ , w f t w f t tattet? ttft f t e t w t w ^ (tittit) f t t t t f t f f? Cftw, t t f f - f t a vs t e t . r t c ? 5 tn
' ^ ' - a ? f t w w Q WW? tfr f ^ t w c ? t f f f ? t , f t t f f ' w t w? f t t s a t i t f f f t t i f c t w r r e t ? tw? vs wtfters w i f w ?
t f t t e ? ? t f f r t t f t f t t ? , f?wff-wttfiftet? f?f, vSHw wtw a t i f t t (w)-a? f'Wt? fttt ftftr Cfct f?8 t w ff d ^ n
W?w wtwr^ w w ? e f wtet W f t r a ffttffe f s Q f t t f e w ? w r t i w , w t e t e t w t e ? ftttr t t f i [ t ? ttfw tw?, ftftft t f
f i t f t w ? ftft? r ^ I t t ? t t c t ? tft w t w r ? rw "'pt fft tf vs ftfft ?rsrf tr
wrtt b-o-b-8 g w t f ^ tr?r? r?? f f (w)-a? w t t ? i f f ? ' W v s f e t ? tfttft vs w^ ttettf t f f f f t t f w t ? I
t w e w ? t t r s w t f t ( t t f T f t w ) - a ? f t fftw,t f t f'fttet? w t r i v s b - - i 8 i 8 t f r t t w t ? t t f f f f w f f ^ wfrf t f
tftwe?? f t f , f'fttet? f f t a?t t f t t I t t r wftwft f^êf? tttttet? aftt t f w t e f cttfw w w e t ? w f f t f f f t i f
Wfe? f1%e f i t rw? t f t t f t i 'twr' t f f w ctvsw? wf?w?, w r r e t ? f f w - f g t t r f f f w ? fr
WW b-ff-feo s w t t t ? wtset ?ff?iet ^ ' w t t ( w ) - a ? ( W ) - a ? t f t ? -s w r w ? t a t i f f f f f ? ' w v s f f i t ? w f t w vs
W f t ? , t w w t i w e ? ftett?;et a^t-ftaê? t f i f tffWet? ftewtt stcvo t w f f ^ w ^ t r f r t r rvstt? w t w ? i
w ^ , w ? T W f W , t t f l t w f f t t e t ? ft? w f t f t i t w ^ , w r r . i 8 i - i 8 i 8 r?i? ( W ) - c f f v s e t ? w t f f tw? f f f t r
w t t i f r t tff%e tft w fffffet? f i t f t w ? t f f w t w t w f ff'wr vs f f W ? (Wvs?t) f t f ^ W W f W ( W ) - a ? f ?
^c ftwtfAet? f t e t t , f f t t e t ? t?e?? f t e t t i 'w?? ( w ) f t r f c f tt?, t a t f f t t r a vs t t f ? t f ? i e t s t t t f f r r a wtft?,
vs f f t t e t ? e t t ^^c tftwe?? f t f , f t t t e t ? t t f t ? w ? R f t t ( W ) - a ? t f r wwr w'wtw? t f t t f t w r t f t t , f W
w i w p f f^ f t f ? , wffwftet? f f t f j T t f i t f t w 1 (w)-a? w w r c f c t f f r ? ? i t w , f r t ? wt^tw t f ? i t t f t f w
wtr fe8-fefe 8 f ? w f t trr? t f f vs f t r r ? -tfttew? tiwe? ' w w i f f ' w ? e w f c ? ? w e t t a ? i t f f t t e g ? fr^ f f t t t t # r
tffwt, w w e t ? trtfte? wtfttftetr? cttefttt t w w ; tw? G I f f f ( W v s f ) f t f , f t t (w)-cf wr? t f t t e t ? f t f f f t w t s ? t
r^'vsw? f f t ? r e t w t t t f f - t f f f t ??fe? w i f f w ? , w t w r ? vs w w t r T ? f t t w t f w ? a ? i w f f f t f e t ? f?^^! tfttff?
wpitt vs f r r ? f t f f t f t f f w ? t f e t wtttjett t f f w r^ti? f f t tfrf i
ft^t? I wrtt i8b- 8 w r i w ? vs wf?w f c r t , f f f t vg vsTpnttf
WW i o o - i o A s 'jffft? w t w t ? f t t e f w ^ e t ? wttwe?? t t e t ? W W t f r r , wtfftte w f f t t f e t ? c t t ? wtt w e w
W T t f t t f e ?Ttfre? t w f f f t t 1 wtfetw I
wr?t i o f e - i i o 8 rt? f w (w)-a? w t t t , ttrtftt W W i s v - i e v j , o ^ (w)-a? w f t f f f e f c r e t r f t t w ?
ff?'Wvse?? t f t t f e t f t tft, ff?'wvae?? tft f W (w)-a? r w frr? t t t f f ? c w ? t t ? f vs f r e f t f t t w t e t ? t w r '
f?f, w f i ? w w t ? r s w , f ^ we? f I w t t t t f f , f t t (w)-cf t f t i w f T , tr?e?? t ? f W ( W ) - a ? t f w c ? ? t f t cate??
t t f f ? wrrttt? vg 'saîwftft' t t ? t w f t t i f f t t , t f f ? t vg w r t e t ? w f v 3 r?i, w t f f t t t e ? ffgrff?
WW iii-irfe s W f f t e t ? t f t fftffw, Wf? f f ? ^ t f t t t ? r?i? ( W ) - a ? t f f c a t ? t w t , r?i? (w)-a? wrsifw
f t w t t ? f f t t f t f I W f t f w W f t W R ? t t t ? W???, f t t vg rt?i? ttf? vg w t r t w t f t t , f t t ( W ) - a ? f f e w ? vg w t e t ? ww
(W)-a? f t f j R t vBTSc? Sttff ffWWvset? # v s t y vg W f f ? e t ? w ' t f f T vs ?rtte? fw, ctr?tct? f s n f e t ? w w w t w r ? ca^t
t f t f t f ttt%t f t # t wwe? f7?îft twe?? t e t tw? w i t t t f t t t vs f t f f e w ^ ? T 3 # ? ? , w v g ^ T f f f e t ? W W ?rr vg t t t t f r e ?
t t f f ? e t ? W f t f f ? w f f s t w vg w f ? w tte?? t w e t ? tit fft? wtrt I
W v s f f we? f w I w t t T o ids-idb g wvstt w t w r ? f f W t r?t? t r r t ? vg
wttr iri-irfe s ff?'w? ttfttet? f w vs f t r r a t f w e t ? f f f tf. t t ? f t c t ? wtft ff?te?? W W wrtf t3?w?ef f ?
f f ^ e i f t f f f t f t f ? a t i ffWWvset? (?ft t t t f t t e f ) ftrrf? t t r f c f wt???, ffw w e ? w t w r ? f t w t f f w ? t ? w r r e t ?
f t f , t f t t e ? ? t f t f t t (W)-a? wwr? t t r t w t t f t f t t e ? ? w t w r c f ctff?r? c t w t f f f w r ? w ? , t s s t w t r a f w r ?
ttwf t f f e t t t
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S8i
Sm ntnftw A5en w w f f w t , npjenn " w t f n f n - f m n cm f c n n

cn-GTH w m f m (wi)-iira >i<M\o<) f w t I wm, f f n fnewn m w f w s mfnw-G mt, f m s w w m -a m m m m
mm iffH s c t n n % wmm?m t e n t m n m n A m f s atfw f n t s l n n h i nwwsstfs i
f n m n ^ t c n f f n w , wt-sntw t n f c n c n t ^ nff-nifcnn m n f wmr ib-s.-i5!.b g a w t mn ( w m n ste n w n mnenn f i t
^ nsnntnm f t t f n s n fn^w, m m s sffw t m n w i f t m wrmew a w t mt t t e cmmfntew f i t wfsntcAn) nm te trwrwfen
ftmtmn w m a w wtmsn fnsss wtsntn ant nm wcnm t e s cwrn
w r m w id-br-iffSi g f mmena nrsw s i f c t s f n t n t f n n f csnn n f wtnenn ntenn m m m tAm t f ^ trtfn fnses f ^
t n n r t n n A nnat f n t m n n fw^ n t n e n n w m fwnrnw t n ( t t f ) f^^fsew fn A'sm, w t s mmfntew t f w w m A S (atfem)
nnwtenn n n c t n n t f n A m n cnrnm mnenn w t e n t n f n , C A wtsm f f t wfssis, f n t m t c n ntmm wfnmn a n t fAntstews wtnten
fwjtntf! wtfn cwtmenn nwenn atfw catftw n t f n (wtstw i o i r ) S f mm en^ms ^ w i ? f ntet m i
n f ntfcnn atfw t m n wmsenn R g w f n wtent I wtnt iSiSi-:ôo g w i n r n f e n s t f ^ w n -a inntwens f n t f e
wtntw itoo-ito:^ s n f t n s t t n c w mnft S m t t e a fnwi? w m , n f f n f f s H c n s m w m ^ a m t m m s n r n w f f n , tswie^m
ntft mm m t e n w t m w nsfnm m s i t ^'^m] arstftw nsfnm an?, afcmnstm tme w t n f % f n f t n m S t a s j -^jen w t m s s m m m
w f w t t ste f f ^ ' mtn^m'mfnn wfnm fnttmm n f t n ^ t t c t s afffms w t e n t , t n w r c n s atwtntm f n p w A-sms S m s ^ t t e n
rnm-ttfcns nmnnn nmntn, fwmen n f t n n t t e n n w f m , w t m s s f m f e n n wtmAcw ^ n w f s n m m w e n s w m m neswnwt m,
wtent mnen ^ t m an?, mme w t n m f wtstcn tfw -s-Gm i nmes t n w i e n s w f t r f c n s f t m a m ctmstfte w n ^ m,
wtmw i t o o - i s o g n f g S t f c n n n m n w t f n t f f e n n t f n n t e s n m f n e w \1m\ c n t t t n m w s m e n e t n f n t f e f s m 'sf n e w m
fnfnfnenn ttnen w t f f , Smn t f s t f w = ^ t w m t m "snn wstmetin M f n f s t t s W f t t f Asrnn w s m atntcns wtent i
mtmen fnstn ^ m f w | cntcsss m m f n t e w S t e n t m, wmsrenn wmr Ao8 g f "swm fwm'emwwten n e m e m t n A ant >a
wettn ttf% >s S t e n t m m e n n ntwr ntw, assnn wmsiew f n f t fnnswf wnnêns wtent, fnfwn tsr^tr fwm^mc n n n i n n s w m
ntnen n t m f n w nsm, fwnrnw nn m ^ f ens w m m ^ m fnntwn n s m f t f t w f n n e n n ^ n w m - n w t wrmAS ^ t ^ tstnen
wnmfnw A^sm, wrsiens fsf^ S t n e n a n t f m r n n wftrmen w t e n t , infft cssentmtetn's w t m s n w m w m f A -a f n w m n w
fsi^ I A'asm S e ^ ntm wfcatnnt m n t.
wtnr i n i s f t t ' m f f c n n f f w m H e n s w m mmenn m m n sr^tft s ( i ) m s m n t f t 'tm w r s - n r m n t t f , w m - w r t m w ,
S t n t t A t f f i n r n sinm wtatsn fnstn stnn winntn f 7 wtent i m s ^ - m f s w t , ? n s ^ , wr. fn., c^t., f . too-ios.; ( A ) w t f n - f w m
wrmw i s A - i n n g w t ^ wtc n n t ntnswtfwn f n w t ^stew tnnttn tnn wtfn, ftwm"m wrwfn t s n wrffn,
w t m s s "nn' A-ssrs nf^tfnw f w t c n t f ^ t A t w t f n fw cmntenn m s ^ - f s w t f n n w t f n , tsntw e n f . i 8 o o f t . , c^t.. f . e - b i ;
atiwttnw n t ? WtAtm n f n n , w n t r t (wtmw-isc^) i ( o ) f A ' r m n t n n w r s n r n wr^m'Tf f m w f , wm-wtfn'
w r m w i n b - i n s s g ftmntw c t m s t f n t f c n n cstt-msntn 1nwtAsninn-fnwm ( w R s f n w^nwf), w\w tAsttw
t f t t f w n t e t w t m s n fnsget, w t s t g r f f n t e w s f w < ^ (m^ f s t f l n - w t s t f , Jnniw is.** s/s t . , f . iô-côi; (8) m A ' f f
a n t G W f smn) t f % wtew m m t f t s m wrset tan^s w s n mm w t f f m t m f , w t w f n nt^'n' m ' w t f , m n ^ f n t f l n - w t m f ,
wm I tssiw, Wf. fn. 8/bt., f . n8-iH(2-, a/h t . , f . i(?(?; ((?) w r f
wmr ibro g WtmA wt'wtmn nenrsn n t n n f A m m A s W I C A mntSmA m i n t f , w t w - w t w f r n n - m w s t f , m w w r m - t n f f n m ,
wenw f n n m, c n t n w n m mm wtmACw mfwnm wtent i csncstt, tfiwm, wt. in., o t . , f . oi.(t-8(ib; (b) ntinm ^ " f n
wrmw i b - i - i v o g nsftn ntfcnn n r m t ^ A s m n m f s t n , fnmt tftn, wrwfn f 1w"minn-fnwm, m w m tsnr/wiscsr
a i R t g w t f c n s w n w t t ^ f c m t wtnen mwst^s sjfssi-s w m wtmsn i8oo/i>i)bo, o t . , f . ic^8o-ioosi; ( n ) w t n t f f n , ( f f f / f A t l t ) ,
cftnnra i w t w f e n wtmmnn, f . A O O - ^ ^ O H , f t w m a csn., cnâmn, m n w
wmt ib-8-ib-to g s i f c t s f ^ n e s w n A m a n t wtirrs issnto f . ; ( b ) f w f f A t n n t f , m w f e n m ' w t S f n f n w m ,
w f w t n r n n m f n n w m t e w fsttf#ew wtew m t t e m f f t t m s i f n m'wtfsw ffnm/wmff, i s o s / i s i b o , o t . , f . >bi8->boi;
nf|w5 A s m n w t f mfnm nej S t f A s m S t e n t i 8 t . , f . i i - i n o ; (&) m t m f n m'wtfsw w m - t n n t f n m , i t . , f .
wtmw ib-H-ib-b- g fwmnw wes "stes a t at^ wmn, ntfnns bn&-bbo I
m m f ^ f ^ ^ n ^ n w n n s '=Km, >5wm3i w r m ^ ^ ^ t ^ i ^sc^
t n m f fntcsnn
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wM-wrf'^ (_3ij^vi) s tnw _^)-mnm^ "t^ m n w f n n f s n t e w n s S c g n wtcA a n t t r f ' w t e w n ^ mm

fR" I f s w R mfm, s [ w m - w f r n w ] 8to w t m m*ra fwwnr-an jf^ a t R w t ^ H w m 'stmcA i
ftncw s t f f T R s m f e cn wtnsn nsm ^ m c ^ S m c a w i t t n t s r ^ n i f ( i ) w t w - w r m f , w r s # s , wrsem i o ^ i f t , i t . .
( % t i n ) - n S c g t WTCA, nrsT w i f j i ^ s i f cw w T A i f m n r f 'ste ^tw i^to-iAS>; (^) R. Bell, the men of the Araf (MW.
wen a n t wRjcnn 5te ntAtm w T m w - a nfAmci a n t ^ w n w w iSiOA %, f, 8 0 - 8 V ) ; (o) Tor Andrae, Der Ursprung
WtAtenn n t n t f n mm f&fncw mm n t t c n (sb- wtntw " w t n m f n das Islams und das Christentum, Uppsala, ife^to
w i m w ) I T. Andrae-an new w t n A t f n wrmw n s n w w t f t e w j %, mI
n e n i f cfjfnfCA wnînwtfnnn ntAtm c ^ m n Atew jnesn wtAtftn R. Paret (E.I.2)/fAtmn t n m n n f
sftE[t -Swn f t n cnfm mtnenn" n s n w a t t t t w fnetnwten ntentwn
w t m s n n t f n e n n atfw w t t t n t c A ntAtm c t n fnmenn fnn n t " a r f * ^ ( ^ i j ^ ^ i ) g 'Sn^w (Li;'j,l)-an n.n., S ^ m, wtftw
cmwennew w n t cntwcnn ste f n w w f n m n cwesi f n n t n wtAfftnew f t w w t f a n t a w f t w S w f n f t t S ^ m f t s ( f w t f t n ) ,
mtnfwm m n n wfnenn i nntmnsn c w H s f m emncfn S ^ f n e n e t n n w ^ ' m f f n m
[atmen fnwm t c ^ n j n A t n Sss w c f n n w i m atmn wen; cwnm wtft wtAtftenn n n r m f f S ^ n n w n artffn C w t s f m A t n n
fnmntw f n n n n w m f n f n t i tmrn^n-'wrmn-a S e i n wtcA, "wrsmn (m)l i t s n w t f s nenn, " S s ^ - a n n.n. wt'mw, wrsnwrf
w m ' A T f n - w t m w "scnn wtfeit n t m n i a t ttmen w t m w s t n m f t -ste S^'mwlt f t n e w 'Ss^w ncn ( w t w f n t s n w r f n , i g
f S ^ ^^tenn m n , t m e w wtmcnn m n nntmn cst% amttf 8v wTSTen n r t t r t f n ) i wtfT wtAtflenn n s r w i f nS^ f m
AS I P i n i f n - ' w i m n - a wtcA, ^snnw t m t 'wtnmn (m)-cw amwt ( w r w f f n - ^ ' n w H , q s 8b- wmten w n w m w r w f n ) i
" w r s f ' n - ^"nwtn "SnmnS wtAfn'n-wt^" a t m f t t n t c w ' f n t ( H ) wm-wt'nressn 8 b n t wrmew w m ' ^ i f n - w i ' n t w
f w m m w m ^ c n fwfn ncnn, S m n w f "^wtntS w t s f n n - w t ^ " (wt'ntwstfnfn)-an S c f t wtca, t w f tAtenn t t m n s n mss
wftt ntAtm f n w m wiltens n f t n m w ntcmt wtmm ^ t e n n AS mt t f ' s w H nritenn, rnnrsnnnn a t amesf fnfwf n w nrs^
wistnt%nn cnm i wtsntCA-t 1 t m n w . ; n f f a t f t a t m m f i A f t wfwnw nnssT
fn^ntnt Rfsw wtwfn w f m c n a t n s s ^ wfmen w t s n t e n I fwnft n nnatmn a n t tm smsS^ wf^nwnfCAs
LJI^'XJ ^ s n n m i f s h n t wrmcn LL'J iJJQ S w n 1 ^ msnte^t i
nenn SAT wwt ( w t t n f w i m n ) s t n wm'Atfm-wt'ntw i a t (m) wig tAS a w r s ^>twtj n t w s n f s nntfsw nnimn w f s w t f
cwm t A t s w < ^ten wmÂif"n-wfrnw ntnfswsten wtftc twtm n r m n n i a t cwm^Q wrsrs sscnwft fwgnw n ^ w m rnn i ( w )
tfn^ w t f n t w t f fnsmts ( n ) - a n nme n f ^ mroi t s n w t f n (n)
w t m ^ w n ^ w f e n m, n n t ^wcns nsTwSf CWH f i e n m w s f t n
n f m wenn, t A t m Aten-t c w e n t w t n n ntArm w r g T n r f
mfwcn I a t nrtmt w f m f t wt'ntw-an w < " U m b o " i f%
c m n t s t f enscw f&enn i f w f t s n w r f n a t nwew w t r t w a s t
w e tm wtAtftcnn fm w s w cnmen a n n emwcnn w r m n f A
ntf?tt 'iiisic'ss catnnmtn f n t f w mm w f n s t e ^ ( w t w f n t s n
mm ^tenntmm sn^tAcnn f c m f f t s m t (f. mnmn) i ntf?it
wtfts, 8t., f . fnnn ivsoi f t . ) i S t n ? t s r wnfcnn
wtstwlt ( q g 8<b) f n ^ - n 8
n e w n f n t f w i n n n t wmte J t ^ j ( f s ^ n s r s w ) t ^ S^^
s t s t c A I w t b csscstm f s ^ m m f t csnnit mr i w t m m w i f
f n f n n t n w t m f (affn^ f ' w t f n f t m n ) S t f n S s s ( w ) news
n n f n w f n m nenn, n n n ewcstwttt fsnms wnsn srst
ssfsesn (Sifn-m'wtf, b t . , i o b ) i.
"Swcss nem t n t wica a n t wfrnew fw^ cmw mfwen mmm
m w j w c w WtATs rn^n mm fsfnen"wistc m f n t e ^ S e g n ( t ) n r ^ n w - a n ne wtAtm s t e m t n f - m f n t t ( w r s ^ m -
mt I cwnn mftn ( f t ' w r s ) S c ^ n wtca i f n w n m # e n n nn w i f n , A t . , f . feb) I WtAtenn S^s nntm s S ^ wnîens wrset
nmftn m n wm-wT'ntw i a t f s t n fnetnwten n f ^ m w n t c w WtmA w f w t m fwmnewn tnn wtAtennew n w n m f s s t e w ^ t w
wtemsm w m t t n t e i a n t n m s t m e ^ , wtmAS f w m n mfnenn a w w f w S^ f f e n w n f t n w n t t e s n j c n t m ^^TATst
atestwfnwt w t m s n msrtcnt m f s e w fwics t n w i e n n wtapnn w i f t n r f c n t n f ens ew a n t wtmenn wm?t, t t R w t m f s m n
ste nwt wfne men a n t newtn fncstfnwtsntnf n m n e t c n . mews f n s n ^ t S w t c n cnftc m t e n n I
f^voten w^wnnn ^^n i t m mw: t m e ^ ?nnw Âtmn ( n ) - a n ( t ) t m n ^3Af (n)->fln m : , w t m m ^ t c n n S-^rewn
tnntf R^csnn
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f s f f f t trfttt, trrrarferrsrc?ft? tH)f? t w tt fttw (b) WttR r t f ? t?Ct ' w t ? t f T wtf? f f f tffw ffltlt
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f t r r w r f?fc?<3 tct we? 1 (t?) WfC?? f f f vQw? w tffwt f?T? t? wrret?
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tf? 'Wttff?, wtrtff Wf w t t w t - f t ? w ? f r?? w r t
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ttwf ftfcttt
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188
W tfT SFTN'^tT, ^nT?m tSfn-STSfH S tm 'WRSPf (St)-nA 'wtntnnw sft^ntn 'wtmwtw ttAtew n f f n fnew fnfw; t m ?
f f n t f s t?rwif wTCnn wftwitt 'ojiPi:>j a t ms afst s # ? n r m f n sft w i t w - a ? S ^ t n w m m n enm i ntnen m a i fnn (s.
(\o|ipf 5 j
w n f R ) - a n w m a t stTe? nnenw A=^, w t n wtmenn f t sr?_
cnrntfnftn m m emttw, wtmenn w n t m wtf? mfn wra
f^jen? n ^ n ^ w t fnfw ntnmnw (.LI Q^ aw w f w f n
mnmtsemn f i t wen, n f m f eswm wttra ant w i n n s f n fe*rr?
wnmnm wesi a t stn^ Burckhardt, fnetnw Snouck
"ant W m w R l ( m w t t f e n mAtm sfcwjwcw wim? m ^ t Hurgronje, Bilder aus Mekka, i o t tte itot wmtenn
m m fSRn a n t w i ^ t w n i ^ n n c w n w i s n n # m ntnen, cwrsiiciifi ^>?3R f . I 'wfntwtew S f ' w m f^fwwtn S f f f s w i R f n (nnsi)
mt% A ^ I ôtAtm a t n wtfte stent wen m t , t w f ottnsiwt n m t e ^ ( J i j 3 ) t n t t e w fnfesn t n t w ttew i S t ^ g T O
wen" ( 1 g 8to) I mnmnw nm, f w m a n t , nnmw wtmn s wtmA? nftm cmnm,
s m n S ^ wtntw ste w t m nra, wtn'ATin-wi'ntws e t n T W 3 tA-f?wtenn wmtn antnt, f n w t n t t t twjtfne m ^ t t
wiftew stent mw. wfnen i mf^ ^ e s tm? stmt m s m nra i 'wtniwte f^fewmlt mn wenn I
t m r n n n m f m m , ntmenn m m m s mmenn nwenn f n n r a wfnw 'wtntwt menn Sttf% wwr i mnftn w t t t n mm n m A ? ,
w t m anmra t m n n T # s niAiens ewtn n t w n t n t t , wtArai wtfi tte n f t f s Am? f n wrmn A i s s m (wi) t n m n ttew
m n e t e n w i f t e w stent wfnen ( a . f e n t f w m f f A ) i w t s fnfp^^ ^ m ntn, atten wtfnm fnfnw An ant t n m ? tfnsn
w t ' n t w m f e n n n t w n wteA, t w f w t m wtmenn m m m e n n (^J|JL3) mw wenn, 'wi?ft s r i f t n t n 'wtntwt men? twrtwra
n n - m n m t , wimm w n m t S t f n S s ; m ; t n wtent wtîe stent m w mttjinfntwfnmtie^ I
wfnen i t A t m wisftwnTf s w t A t f m n t f e n n n m m e n wn^tenn n x t i f f I ( i ) Wustenfeld, Die Chroniken der
wtnen tm nnew wtAtenn ' T W ^ f s ^ mm n A e w t fstnew mfnen i
stadt Mekka, i-418-419, ii-89 etc.; ( A ) m f w , f w t n ,
w t ^ t w n r f e n n cnttntai t A t m wtmennew n t m n wfnm? m m e n
o t . , toSU-toSto; ( O ) t n n ^[ntn? (ed, Wright-de Goeje), P.
f m n w n i n wtmten a n t WtmA? ?Amw me? w t m wfnm wiftew
168-169 ; (8) t m t n t f f w t (ed, Paris), i t . , oS.n-os.b- ;
stenetn w m f r f n t t e n , wtmn emnfenn wntnA mnnf e n f ^
((?) Burckhardt, Travels in Arabia At., ibto; (to)
Sm? wen #-na "^m wtmA? ^man mfm w f n e n ^ R f n enn
'Ali Bey, Travels, i-67 t . ; (n) Burton, Pilgrimage
wiAietinew entnftenn w f ^ m wenn ( f n T j n - f n w t n , i t . , f .
to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), ii, 214 t . ; (b)
ii8-iiV)1
Snouck Hurgronje, Het Mekkaansche Feest, P.
a f f t f g nm fnnainen S ^ AtmeA i
1411.; (s) wm-niwtff, win-fnAmtf m-tAwtfnmt, f . ibto f.;
fAf^n fnt
( i o ) t n n t f n Rp'wtw, tnnwtfm-Aimnran, i t . , oo* t . ; ( i i )
'^rt?Wt, 'ôiliHtpl^ ( < j i ^ . i ^ / d - U i j ^ ) s n ^ ^ e w SFTN Si. m. m. t . , i o t., Atoff 1.1
m t n f n fnew a w f t mme^ntn, t m e w (w^mn
n t R t n m f fnrnnnn
m A t w ) - n m A ? I t A t ? n t n g stiwnft 'wtmwt snn men wfft ntentwn
A? I m m w f t ntnfrmfnf wtwtenn a n t m m t s f^tmnftw, w t e m f w 'sH^ft^Ft^ i^Lij^) g R n fnew mmw cnm tt^mm f m
S w t i f f o - i o o f t I f n fnewn ste?n fnfw f t t n t w awft nfwtffwn Sfp? stt^s, 'SnenT f t m t n ste^ f t m t n
f f m e ? I n t w n m e t ? S w r a a w f t S ^ w nta s wtntew a w f t awft n n w n nnrnn cnttcn A ^ wtmnwtlntn s. fnnA^ wtfnet
f n ^ nfsme^, a t fnmen mmtm stf w t n n f m - R w i Cwtntwtn nncnw An ant fft t w w n ^ wenn i 'wimwtA (^'j^)
tmt) w t n t e n t m n a w f t f w m stmn wenn i f^tnenet f e n S f wtstwtw CÛL'J^) ^ ntnt wtnscn? nem stsfnw wtcA i t m ?
m n m nten a w f t f n m (^gwf<? n n ) t i n ( t n n w,mnn w n f t n n ^ Ate fnftew A i fwentfntra ( i A m t n ) f n c f i
Wrightde Goeje, f . i n o ) , ^niAAtfftt wtm w t f ^ ewenn i w m - w t f n ^3 wrsfn-'winm wRmnwen i A m t n f n f Segt W I C A
' w t f en Burton-an ste^ at ftmcE? ntn?) sttnenn t s a (g. t*tcm.) I f n w m m # e n nta awrnn a t sttc?? mente^t wm
m<3m ntn I ' stme^g
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l i j i
al l: w ? fffe, t t ifeivs; W f t f f t , WWftif, t f t - t f w t w 'wttftr,

t t ifeivS) 1
Jl t f t f f t c t f i f f a i r ( t ) - a ? f f ? f t w a f f t t t f i i t ffftt
" t t ? cwsrar w H i t f s rte tTitt f R w t? t w w i ? ^ t w r ? I t r t t t t f l f t t t f f f t r i t r t ? w t ? ?tt t t f w t t ? ? t f t w
r m t w ? ftft c f f t t i wtairw^ R?t f f t w " ( r % i ^ v ) i ttfww ' f ? t w I tttwet? f s f t ? wt?? a f t w f f t WW? fftt? i
T R t t f ^ t t f r f twt-'wBR wftTw ftiwTs; t t t w w a f WW? t t c t t vs ff?f5 w e ? i trte bo f f f ?
if^rtîcfs f^ f ^ ??tt f f w g c b t f f t f ? f ^ f f t t t cffWft? t i w wte?
( a f ) etijjb ^te ftftw? t ? r?? W t t vs r i ^ t f (W)-a? (tw tftCf? tfffW, f ffii) I
ttf?>tf2ftt t t t t r t ? t f t t f f t f l ? a t f t w I wtt fttit? ? r t c?ttfettt s 'Wftfte? t t w t f t f cftfw t w - r t w - w e ? f ftt
rttie? 'wtttft ( t f t f t f t / t f t w ) I cat w?ff a?t a t c?tev5? ftcit wtfftfw f t t w ? f f t - f w
(ft) rt? ftRittt (wt) rt? t??tttt (wt)-w5 rosi? fffffwit? t f f ftff r t w e ? . I f f w vs f t t f f t t t ? t f t
ft?t-ftft fttwt ft?!? t? a t f t w wrrtws ftrwtt fftwR, wttrftc? t c w ?TW?fe? w w t t f t t t w t f f ftff r t t t e ? i'
'cJij^l J ^ ' I (wtfft ^ w r t w R , wtfftTW r t w R )t r?t ? t c w t f f r'Têw? ttgcsf ttwwe? w w f f f f i
f ^ rt? ^tftftt (wt) tftfWR, 'CJIJ1L^\ (wtft wtgtffc? ffwvs f c a t e w t t t t t t f t f f ffftt f W r t t t e ? i
wtft t t t t t , wtft wtft r t t j i j ) i W rte wt?tfi a t t t w c t ? bfft t t f c?i? tsffw ?? ffcwtf^l? f f t f f wie? I
ttw? f t t f t Attic? I trte m t t vgwt? ftw w c ? , f t f t t t g c w ww?ififfet? w w
( f t ? ) c t r r s a t t f t f t t f t a vs t f t t t f t ' c t e r f wt?tft a?t tt??ir? tt?ifle?? WW I
? t t f ? t f f f rt?ic? I C J ^ ' J - C l-pL^ (ct? t r t e f c f f f f t f ? f ? t t r t ?Tf fff ttft t ? t ? t r , f t f t l f t t , f t f a jit
^tfe?) I wf?ff ftit t f t f t f t ' wcfvs t t t r r ? i CfttCt? WW t f t f t j t f t ?tr?ie? i
(W?) f f f f t ? f f t f g sm ^5tc wtt c t t f S R attw tfW? re^ W f f t % reset? t f f t H wf^H 'wi?twc?
t1?fS r?, w t trt f ^ WW wttttt? r t t t e ? i t t w w W t f R f W I r c ^ tfett fftft f ? ? f f R j ? tew
(ffb) a t t w f ' w - w f vs t?ft-?eRff? w t t w w w w t w r ? w i ? i f t e w t f R ( > _ s j ^ j ) w?Tt I t r R f ( t ) - c f 'wwtte
tf?b? w ?#?f tfcf, w t f ^ t t t f t t rttte? I W t f R w f c f f^tvfeitt f W r t e t f f f t ?et? s Xi'^ ll^J i
(??) 'wtww w t f f f wt?vs a f t t f t ? t f c a t f f t w c ? ? I a t 4 - 4 j t j J I "wt?tfie w ? f f ? t r ^ , 'wf?ftte w ? f f ? t r ^ "
ftct? f ^ t f t w ? ft?et 'wf?fft ? t t f ? t f ? t '5t?te? I ?f?bc?? (Wff R i f t , w w f t f f , w ? vbi; f f ? t f f , W f f ? f W r; tt? ttwt,
t f t tT?rr3 f ? t r t t t e ? w t t f w (ftfwtt)ftnttt3 ww, wfft w t f t f f , W? ffi, t t v5oi,(?; w f t f , ^ , W? ff8) I f W f t f t f ?
wttilfvs^hct <Lfij^
t f e t t ttftbt? f t ? W f t f t I t f e t t ^ t e t ? tc wf?tft
( W f R ? f t rte ^ s f fWf W
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ftSfo ?1t)-a? WWfSS^MW- W'wtff, v5t., f . Vtr) I
tc, a t t w 'Wt?fW tCR? w f f R - f t ' ^ ??t tftt' (?if R-
c tf , At., % Vl-Vtr) I
fe f w - f t " ^ f f w - ? . f w ? t e w fwc?? ttw wtw? f ? i ? t f
tW? rltlt C^'j^) â^rtff w t t ? c t t r t t t e ? w ?tc t t w f f w vs W f f t ? f f t f ^ t fffe ftfe 'wjc
r T #
w ? ! f t a t t f f ? f b W I wfttw?i^Ktw? ffffi a w w ? t i t t w tt? W?s fc?? I w t w t t f t w f t f (w) t c t t , " w i t ? t ^ ^
wtff I wt?tw-a? t f ^ e t vg t w - f f t t Cftet fftw f : 5 J f t - ^ ) c w w ? i f f a t r ( t ) - a ? tft 9m^^ 'wtittc-
(4ji 1^) ffTW w?tf I trt fftfi aww?^5f^#g5 a?t t r t ? ?vsWf^^^^Jt I wtttct? f f f W f f f : ; ^ f ? ?eR?
t f ^ fww? f i t t f t t w w t f f I t t f t w wtf?t? t ^ ^ w t f W f f w t i ^ > w ^ i trt5 wrtew? c f r a c f 5 t ^ cwtwettt
f t t t t ? a ? i f w ? w t f 'wi?ffte w?tf i tftfi a w W f l ^ fc?t w t " ( t ? ? w w f , ^ w w f t f . - f K 5 ^ C ^ 5.
tfw?tc??fftt^'w?lfra??.tftttt^rn?ft.awwi ^ ^ p n t , w w f t f f , w ? ifei, t t - ^ ^ j o i ; F i f ^ , ^ t t
t i f i a i r (t)-a? tfw? r c ^ t t ? a t t w c f t t t t t S f t i f l t w i v5ofel/A18; f t t f , r ^ , t F b ^ , f i^x?^) I

tfft s ftftwt? c w ? e ? w t f w rte ??tw r t W ttftft? fe f f t r ^ fcftwef5Âte t ? t f ?fca?ftcrtttwef? f f
cftc?? I ?iff?iir ( t ) vs f w ? t f f f t a w f ? WW w c t w e t a t t w t f t t e t ? tet|.-if? ?tf^ 'wf?rfic? t t w w wffitw,_ffW-,
f f tfttew r t w f ? t I tfft f t w a t f w wt?t fc?t i .f? t?t w f f t w c f ? w?fr?f fftiw w w fftiw w ? f R f f f e t irt?
t f ^ W f f c t K t tff? t ? t ? tfft w?tffe w ? a ? t . r c ^ ilw ^s^?lfte'fff-a? f?? W W ? r t w i t r t t f ( t ) ?ct?, w t t
fWc?? t ? f r ? vs wttc?? t t w W W ? fc?? ( W t t t , ttttfft. ttt^- f t w t f t w ? wea? f w ? wwe?? f f ? f t t e ? ? t e w
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Contents
'wmmnw
'wmrnntw w i f t m c f t R w m f e n wrsm A ^ f f s t n " ( t n n nrsft, cnn, niAt "fnmn A C ^ w m t " men mtw i wtmwten f t w nrmntfnt
nmifnw, n mffn, nt ooiff; w i f n f ^ , nintlnw, n m v^, nt is-ss.; ' w m t f s - mA'ntw' men awf& m s r s WICA, t m 'wtmwtews m s r s
f w n f n f t , w m f n , A S A O O nt wmrewn w m f n , nt As>nff/AA; mens t i t w I fiAtctos n f f t t t e t n f A t sis>sfnn fnsfS f w s m f f f
n i m t , nrntlnw, n m A O O , nt ooij>; ntftft, ntntfnw, n mff^,nt s t m n t f t m n m n f t ( n ) ftmn A C ^ m n t cnn a n t m n n c t e n
ivvn; "?nntn w r f n t n , s n . , f . oos., nt ivj>vo) i f'wt w c s n I S ^ wmenn m f f f m s f t fnnenn n e m sftsicA s
stntnw f i ^ m cn, A i n t f , tiftst n t f t t f nm'Am new ( a w ) m f c n s w m n m s t m e w s f n m t m ftmn, ( f t ) n n f w m
A c ^ f w c t r "wmrwtcw (wnfm)-an nnnfnt ^ wtftff f n t m n t ^ fffw-ftfwn fnemt m n n , (fwn) wtffw
t n n A ^ f n n f t n i n n c t stnnt t w m nn s t e w - n n n f mean f n c A cnnenen f n nm^ts f m m t , (mn) mftn mnftw mntfww wfnwrs
nitncws -fn t n s , wen A t m f m n s m m w nnenn f p n s n J> n t n ^ t a n t ( m s ) f n w m s mftAcw wts^wttm nsm fnent f l n
wttnctn f n c A m f t w ^êw i a t n ^ s f l v m nenr C W A 'wmmnew S t f n S s s rnnctn f s m ftrsn (g. f n f m n , A ^ , rnn is., n t
cttfie^ m t t f t e n wrsm A ^ w i m n A n m ( t e n w m m A ^ wtnew AJ>ffo/isn; w t f n t f , m m f n w , rnn ff^, n t iJ>off; t s n ntwi,
s n ) I 'wmtwiw W i t t wfnew s n fnn f n t e s n t n a n t f w f t f n w m ntmfnw, rnn b-s, n t o o n s ) i nmnft i^ymm t
c'Mlm m t i n n t m n mntw w t m n wftew AS I
'^tmwtew 'aisîc-ts wffnrw g 'wmrwnwn nnmen wn^m
wmiAS f ? t tA=n% I W 5 ' w i t m (m) ncnn, m f f m A ( n )
n l n m c i n % 'nArnltmfnw wtmA 'wtntwtw fnncn n w wfsw n t m w
"wtft cmntenn nem ^ I t f f n n ntfîm c t n m i cwmm S w s i t
cmwew crnnt t t e w ff^ cnn, w n r cwm fnn a w cmwew
a w nc5f w t w w t t m mfwcn w t n s t t s t - ^ e s m w t m A n twwm
^ c n n m I n s f m m t m f WtmA'flt fnn ( m m n ) f n w S n f A S ,
( ^ n w t n ) a n t s t f f f t A ( n ) - a n f ^ w m mftA" ( f e m s n t m n
w w g t n WtAtenn m t e w cwent\slcns m n e n cffsn stwrt
m f n w , f w m f n - w T n n , o n t Afft^; f n f n n , A ^ , m n nt
wfnm ncnn, mmm fw m n " ( t n n ntwi, A ^ , rnn ff^, nt oois;
AS>ffo/is n; w t f m ^ , ntmfnw, rnn ff^, n t is>off; t s n ntwt,
f n f n n , A^st, m n nj>, nt o^\r\r/8ob; m m t , mmfnw, m n
nrnifnw, rnn v s , n t o o n s , c t e m ^ f w n afe^ f 'wtmA?
ntoooto) !
fwwm'-an S c ^ t wtcA) i
"wmmn t f n fnnmn w t n - f n t f t (m) ncnn, n f t ( n ) 'wtmwic^n
f n w m Î'gtcns rnnctn w t n t w g f n t n n m e w nnst
w f s mses f s m f s i e w n w m ^ m<fm wfnrn. f'wi wenn i srmswtfwn a w n t a w f n s f n nn a n t t f t f f ^ f f m fm ernnm
(WtmA? ^ê) f A t e w wtmem s n , wtfn wtAtennew ^ w f s m WtmA m ' w t m n t f f f t A ( n ) - a n S t n a t 'wtntwtewn
w f s m f n m n , t^mmff wtfnn n r f w i wtfn w n m t w t m s S t n smm f n w m m f e n n n n c t n 'wratw (ff g o ) ntfnn wesn i ntAft
f n s t f f T s n f w e m n a j A t w f n n i n f t ( n ) n c n n , cAstf! w t t r n n nfw 3f2fmenn a w m f s ; A W S W 'Smn (m)-n f n w t w t f n m n f n n ,
s t c n [^sirs'acw w r ^ n m wfne ant wtfnnew wfne w t t m e n s twwTcs a n n a w f t w t m w wtcA, n f t w t m wtmenn
m:sn i stfa t w t m s csnn w ^ n r n m-sm c t n m i f f n cwtsesm f f o t e n t i f w w wen w m m S m m f n n Asnrnfrntew wtmn ( t n )
^ ^ ^ f n s m S t e m ^ f ' w t w f t e n mm w f n s t n i n f f ( n ) f n s n ftnten S n m t n w t n w m i %5nn'(m) tw^tm wfnenn, S m
winc=n fms- ^ w t f m s m 'Snm (m) f s t e w f w r n t csnn wtmw ? en n f t n s
wtms ^M-fmm w t t m n w m Stnffw ^^w i wttft a t o " a f ' 0 , o f ^ f o '
(Ae^^.3T5}n w t n " m e n n ^ ^ n ^ t ^ w m j w m . f f n n - ^ t m e w P ^ _i I
Atmtme^ C ^ - ^ w % t e ^ ? wtmA w t t m ^ j f ^ i f e n m^ft i fwft
nenn, wtmA? f t n n t ^ m f ^ ^ A g i ^ ' ^ cn, nrnnttn w t m A
wtfn cwtmenn w m cwtntenn fm f f m w t n n m ,
wtmn f'wt W f n wfsntcm ant wtî^^Sgwcw ^ wIssiCA't, w t n
'cmmens f w wrnrn w ^ n ^ f s # n m a n t t n r n n c w ewmtenn
cn wt m f t Stttm f n w ncwn S t n ctftcs TJtfnew nfnn, s m fm nentftw wfnmn" (ff g o) i
n n m t \ m n s^tni wtfn t n w t c n s cn wf^sw, nsfnntfl w t m 'Smn ( m ) nenn, wtfn w n m t w t f t tm w t n a n t cwttm
wrmew m n i t s i c A " ( t s n ntwr. A ^ , rnn ff^, X o o i o ; f n m n m f n n t t m c A i tm 'wtnrwtewn n s m e n i ^ ' w m fnn n t f f f t A
WtA'ntn, S t . , f . i A , nt iffoov) r-. (:^)-an S t n m f n n ^ t n t c A ( f n f n n , w t w f n , n t nffAff/o-
'wmmnew nAtnff (n)-an wmt g ntffmA (nj,Ac^ nffAn/ff; f t t f t , t m n , m n oo, n t Sff, w m s g. n t s s o n ,
W f t m S t n c ^ a t nnmen f s m f n e n n n n c t n i ^ f w A t f n w f n t S t o o t o , lAtob-) I -
tnmft 1
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Wtn-'WI?fR
'wHOTT w n f n s a t tfna, nnwwnn s n i A W f f w t ^ ! wtfn cwmm fnwt wtan m t ntf mftw wtnt Atcs"
wn^Hwnm A T ^ t t i r w f n w R Rnrsnr, f ' w i - w f , fnfwn- ( R n f n f , wmsntfn-m'sntw, mn trn,
wtn'wm, w^nt-tnfef wm t w f f e w m^t nman trRcw A S I msAtft) I
n A m f (n) annm wn^mwfcn StftSs? w n n f n W I S S K A - H I tAt wtmnnew,fAn wtnenn ntntw g A C ^ nnn amen fAS
f w t W f ! Asnm I s wtnesn mntw fAcsn sntc^ nfee A S I stten fsesn wnn f t
ntw'wfw (wnn) nwm nn ntnm fwnttm wwgnn "wmesn f t
iJI L
ntfwtw wsn m k w A S I siffstiA (n) fnnm A c ^ nnn SntsSs^
1-1 a ... i <l "i ILLI 4-1 ..:uJL fnnen amen S ^ f t ^ n t e ^ ntntw wtmn wenn i Atfe? sffw
SXJ j-ilj J - * J '^'^ (J-^^ j'l-LiJI J j l a I J nl l-i wtc^g
CS^VI
^ j l ^ VI i ^ j j SJJLJ I < L I 'JJL'j oL
"Sntnt t f t nmn (nt) ncnn, wtfn 'wtntwtu n f (n)-an nftw
WtAm ntAcn ftAnfncw nnr fintn i fwfn wtAm S M M H wtnnt
f'wt w f k n n I WtAm niAn Sftit wtAtcw-nA cntw ffncn SAm " s t f f i t A (n) 'wtmwtw <3 fsmfnnn m f t w ntntwcw Sms
ntntn n f ^ nm i R t n aw Atew ntntn nfnnt wnn Atw Snen ffnnt n f e ^ nem wmm wftewn" (ntmt, nrntfnw, rnn A o i , n t
f w t wtnew ntewn" (ntntt, ntnttnw, nm ntwtn-ntntnn fwn-fwt
fn'wmtwtA.ntoobs) i
<1J I 'J^'J 'j-1J f 2uc oi^ lit J i l
n t f f i t A (n) nenn, 'wrsrwtw ..ftnenn f'wtt nentsn i wtnm
fnwtenn n f n n ntAt S R I S I C A H ans, wtfn ntAt nfn wtAlt S s n
fwt 8
f 6f O f ' t . f ^ O * f
"wnemm fAcsn mntews n t ^ ^sten n t f f f t A (n) n w m
-rJI .dj AII , nt iJ>io, t t s t # w f . nt i s . o v ;
wms g. f t t f , nt itoff A) I
"wtÂ n r f w cwm tntA n t t i f f f t aw, wtAm cwm t ? S c f m cn, 'wtmwtw, f s m f t r w i f n n r a A i ^ n n e w ^^f'wm
ntt, n t s f f - w w f WtAmt mi fwft nnfwfs S n n n f n f s m m " nmtes msscw fAcsn ntntw wtnm wtscw AS 1
(fwntnff, wmsnTfT-m'sntw, nm fnm-fwt ntsfn 'wtntwts, ns at^nif s nnt fnn^mw stns AtsicA 1
oetre) I fst^fm
Annw 'wtff (nt) nenn, n t f f f i A (n) 'wtntwtw fnncn wmtwtew
wn^tnwien f^stAcns nn n f nftnten f f m ^ f w t ttwesn s ^-^mrtf (^^1) g'wtnnnni
i I "wtnnens sttfn tf^rnn I
' j ^ ill A I 'îsscns n t m s n - m m s n s 'Snn w n s g ' 1
0 I 'wtsnenn m g m s n , tnntenn sttmnw fcn t s m ; mnftit g
n m a f ^ m "wtnnnn 1
J J all ,_>l j _ c J j - c l i :|_j-J
^ i ' ^ i ^ i ' ^ 8 I 'wtnnenn mgntsn g fnnn 1
ff I 'wtnnenn mgnrnn g S s n wtRwt [g. w t f m wm-'wmn,
ilo 'j>li '^'\ ^V'l o L ^ : ^ J J -
'wtmfssTt sfsf^'wtssennnmsfs^ftsnl 1
1 fwtsscns sttfn tf^rnn
['wisscns f w f ^ f n mm g. "wtfm wm-'wisin" stnc^
"CAWtftfAtnn sitsnt cwmm cnsten f f t <9\m^ ans wmnt
ntAf n f n wft wiAm sitcw^ wftw S s n i CA wtmA' wtnm ntntw, f w f f ^ fnnsn (Ethnography) W f t ; f . a t s f n c ^
wmm t n m w ( A ^ f s n t f ) , wtnm # n n wtnm f f i cwmm mne^^ A) I
wnr I wneten cwtnrn wtet wrnrn stwrtnwn ans wtnm ^ '-iiisscns wtft t f A m amts wwtw 1 wtmcnn ^ s mmnw
cwtnrn nttnwtntfn i cAwiftAs wtft cmnm fnwt wtan sttfnt wft f t Rsatw ntntnff wtmenn fnwt a w t ntn wwfw 1 A S W wtnm
wnenn wmm, wsenn f f w t s wtw-wenn wffnwt ^ c w i C A wrmenn mm w m wenw wtfnew ntfswm n f t f s t f n f n
t n n t f fm^cwm
t.ft.A/Siff
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w f ? w f f ? f t t w f f t t t w ffctw? (Tiglat-Pilesar)
wmw? mm at'sftt f i t f t r t t w w t t f f w fim I w m w f, 18ffrte irfe f?w)-a? f t w f f i e t wffft aww? w f
www? t ^ WW wttt, wrt? t?I? f t t wftf? (Assyrian) t f f f f (Zabibe) at ^ f f f c f f ? f W ? ftfe? i f f t W
t f t t t f r , t^?T?w (Classical) Cttftf W ? t t W i O T f f e t t t ? ttw (Gaza) t t t fftwflct? i f w t 'W?? Ate
W?T?fl:w W f - t t w f tf? fWf? tffwt, ffff? fff-ttwf f t t t W t ? f # ' f t tcf? (incense road) Cft t W ^ f i t
Wtfff? (Nabataean) -a 'W?f f t f f tff i f t w I at ? t ^ t ^ w t f f (Adumu=Dumat al
t s f s "Wftf? (The Aramaean)" C?ft?tt f i t Djandal) t?rot? f t t ? ffte? a?t ctW? (Kedar) Cffcg?
'W??Ct? f?ff I a t C?ft?tt Wo t^-fttcR ?f? fw? f t f ? f W f t (High Priestess) fIct? t?wte?? f ? ati
aWff? CfstfWf (Bet Zamani)-a? f f c f ftfttfit c f w a Cttea? net tft i f t f ctcf ( f f t f t R f ^ ft-wtt)
W ? w f f ? wwt Wft w f f ? tit (Assur Nasirpal)-a? wf??tfftftt (Idibail)-Cf f f . ivos t c ? f f t W f r t ?
w f t f f t f ? WtfCf f t w w fftcw WW^ f f t t t f i t I WWCT? ftwtfft f f f ? fe?? I at f t f ctet? t t t t f t i t ^ftw ffwfit
wffw-ffc?tf f f f t t f f ftct'wf??tt wft?t fc? I tftrfct ' f t t f " I f f . i v 3 ^ TfCT f%tww wtffff? vs a f w f W t f
'W??Ct? f t t wtffsft VffS 'fg-fftCR I fff^f (Gindibu) (Samsi)-Cf ? t J W ffte? WW fct? Wffw^tlew t c ? r?,
I
Wtf w?c?? f i t af tn? ftcttf ttctt? af tfftf i a t ttttf t f t f WtffCf? ?twt vs ftwt? 'w?? ctiea? a f t cm& ctttwt
tttt^ rt^lUt Wftfft (Aribi) a W W ? t t f f f f t ttW I fffft? fffttflct? I cftea? tett f i t w f w [?ite?ew^ Massa
(Karkar)-a? f C l f f t ^ W t f f c f ? ftf?-ttft (Bir-idri)-a? (Genesis, rff s ivs t . ) l , CW (Tema=Tayma), W W t W
(tttctcW^ t f f ? ct? rtcttfttf)-a? tcw ctttft? f c ? I f^ (Khayappa- 'Efa- wTStt? fC? c r t W wtact f t t t t f f f
f i t Wfff? ftfw w f ? t W W W t t ? (Salmanassar III) ffffw? cfta), WWW ( W t - a w - W ? f t ? t?;wtc?? t f w t - f c f
tf?5ci I fffw WCf, <^ f c i Wfff? f t f f t t f t r? I t ^ f s f t t t t f f f cfta) -a W t ' W (WW=Sab'a=the Sabaeans)
tfftff? ffff? t i t w f f f c f ? ffwt-f? cff? ffc? I tw ftstc=^ c f t a t f T I fwtWw ? t f t t t f ? t r ? t t t ?>e? a?t f n ?
ct, 'Wf?? f t f t c f ? c?^?cf? wfft f f t t t ffffw c t c w t c s t f t f ? ffff? w?e?tt ?>e? I w?etet t f f t f ? Itt let f f f t ? caw ^ cf?t
t t t f f t t f a w w I fftf?ntr a t a W t t f t w f c t ? (Semitic) fc?? I ftiffw c t i a t f r f ? ffe w t t r ? t f f t f t t tfft t t w ?
i
f f f ? w t Wt?Tt I C?ft r? W f t t , t?t? ttff^( Aram Eber tffCt W t ftfc? (tft fltctew^ wttc?-tt=Adbe-el,
and Khabiru) "Wt? f t f c t f t WW f f f f ? W t i Genesis, rff s ivs) w t f f t ? f f f f f t ? fffe wtj r? i w f
a f . r c t t (F. Hommel) WfW? fC?? (Ethnologic, t t f f ? ?twwt^ t ^ ftf% r'stt? f c w t ^ftw f ? fftww
550), Wftt (Magan) Ctft ^ W ? f W'W? (Ma'an)-a? ffctw? r f ? ftrc? afw? f f f f f t f f f ? fc?? i w t f f ? f t f f ?
tft wff^ WT? t n t t f w t 'WfCt? w t ? (Main) WWJ f f f f ? fftw tr?ft f ^ tft=t n^sr? â fs? ftwe?? rtffttjf ttcfw?
fwf% 1 ^t Wftt? f w t f w f f f f t I t n t w "^ct f f w w f f t WWf?. w?ffw I csttww t n f f t w ? r?, att? fi-ftfcra
wt, t f w t 'wffC?? ftrf? (Minaeans) cfta a t Ctcf? "W?? fCBfW fit v^ rwt? fsTtt wffft? f T tin fit wff? (Marlb)
W?f??tt ttc ^gwa ^ ? t f f t t f i t , Wf? a t Wtfâtt ff Atcôt "^C t t r (Gaza=Ghazza) tfw ffw i a w f t c f s att?
? T t f f t f ? tgf5 t t t t f ? (Naramsln f l W f f t t ^^f? rro aww ttet? WW ^tff f f t w e w ? f c s f f r f f ? t f t r ? wt,
ttc r r v s f f s ) f w f f w ? t t f i w r ? ^ r t t t f f r f l t i f f f flf-a r ? wt I w ? t % f . I i f f ttet f f f f f f f ? t t ? t ? {% f .
'wf??ct? fbWbffw t j f f t t t c f w fffw Wfff trtew crttw r? i irr rte loc?) f t r ? t t r t w -a W f f c f ttttw f c ? ?
ff?t ?TffftC?? tft* 'wtttct? WWtfff vs Wlffwf t w (Tayma, t?fWte?? t f W R w t ^ Wft=Thamud) W ?
fttw? I 'Wtftr? tfwtf w?tftif w t f t f r f t t t f â wtfttttt f t r ?
f f t f w -s ctcrcttcttftt? t t j ? f wtftftct? ctcfa cstcttftf f r t c f f ? ct? t t t r f f f t i ctw r ? i t. f . ioo te? 'wt?ttt
w?fR wt? ttftf f t w t ? t t c w t f f f w t f w w t f w j t c t ? vs a t (Yatle f? Wtfft? w f tlct?) tiftftf? r w f W ? f f W t f t
a t t f f ? w t j t w w f f w j t c t ? f t ? 'wt??ct? fwf? ffftftcBj? t f ^ (Marduk apal iddina)-Cf w t f f f W ? WWf
t f f n t f W ? f f w ? f t f w f i t I a t t f t wffwj t t f i t f f f f w CftWesff? (Sennacherib) f . io(?-vbbri)-a? f f ? ^
r t c w t f t ? t f w t 'wt?? w? w w t rte w t ? t f s w^wff? t t r w *Iflt|ct'f 1 t f f W t f f f t t 'W?? CtMltlftflCf f f fC? 1
f trw ??t?? I a t t f t 'swff f t f w t e t ? w f f w ? tttt ttftt ct't'ticblftcf w f f ?cf?,:ft? f f c t t filwftftf t t t r tc? r? i
' f S f f r f w t ? ?tt? w c t ? vg c?Ttf f c t ? t f f r t e t ? t t t f f i W s t t crcreWtft (Herodotus, r t . , i8i) wtrtCf 'W?? n w SJlRtCHS ISlWCSS m n mn I w r f f n n f f n f c a ent "mwt" wmfts f n s f n s Se^n enm
c w n f n n ' W W cmanfCAs Ptfnn wtawn mm i a t cnta^ft rnn, mms w < ^^tfn emastmn m t m n mm w m fw^ nn i a t
f l n m f cw'aft5 (Te' ellkhunu)-an atwT i f f n ^lAitnsw wrsfn stmnfn s r ^ mwt n f t ^nwt stcmn wfnew n ^ An
w w s f wfnm W t f m f (Adummatu=Dumat al w m wenw wtn mm i w f t mtenen (Jermiah, A O S A f . )
Djandal)-an b^^mp^^ n ^ f f n nn mmmnn wenn i a t S f f f s wtnenn ntwmnf ns^ffns w f n n r f "wrsnenn m w t f n
nwmenn ntfnmnn cwnin (Kedar) cmcan S n n f n r n f n f l n i siAiens !sn mm ^sRsjiîf wm AtstcA mm ntntnn efta
S s n 'wtnenn S n n a t cmean fnnan f l n ( S s n ststnfn I 'wtnenn ntwm flenn cnetn wtentt wrnrn
'winn=Palmyrene antwf) i w T f r n f - n m f s fentft antwtnfcsn stmn, csnn fnssm Snwjwm fnrnn^cns w f s s i f ews
cw'anff s f m n n^sn wtftfn-niw m m t n ^ m n wt^n ^t^n stmnfn i a t n n amwm wenssft nrn-nitfsnfn m w t f n w f w
wfnmflenn i n n n f wten mnttenn nf^* m f n fnmn. "sn ans w f s f w A t St f l n t cnnn wtnm (Tayma), tm mentfnn
m m t n nmffnn w]f n antwtn nntnn wenn i cn^mesfnenn (Nabonid, f , f., ffffA-ffoff) www w f s f w t t n t f l n i t s m
S w t f n w t f w t m n r n ^ (Assarhaddon) f m c w ^ wenn wenw mmn ms 'wtsn cntmfn n m t f n f n mtntn (Cyrus
ansnnsj cwmn entcan stmn nfnm f f f mn wenn i f. % ^no ll)-ew nrtfnfnm wfswm wfnew mmm wen ( f . f . (?s>)
nen mmten mm mn ans f m n f a Swtte (Uaite=yata) [Xenophon Cyropaedia, vii, 4, 16, v, 13 ] i
w t f f n mwtew.fnfn m t m n wn stntn wfnm SsmfnWtf ftnten fnwtarrwew nmr w t f f n f n (Achaemenid) n t m w j f s ; wm
f f f nt wenn i w r f f n nrm f e s t e^'a^fgn wmt m^wt s t n , w m i 'wtsnfn fnnra iiscms nmnafsew w f t t w t c r n ^
(Tabua)-cw mnttenn fnwt m f s fcntft ftnten ewms (Xerxes)-ew ^ T c m f cnHlSlftf emmnf^nt% (Herodotus
mtftmflenn i f. f. nen wtntnmmn fnsAt't Smsimn vii, 86) I wtnm wmts w m i s mnemn f n s ^ nsmen "wmnfn
(Wadi Slrhan) fnmnsen m f (Bazu=Buz) m f af%m mtnenn nrwtenn ww w n n ^ wfnw i cnnn 'wrsn-mw
(Khazu=Khazo)-an f w ^ wfntn wenn i mtfnnenn nrm wtmnenn (Aragdes or Maraagdes, mfnww ?) ca^lnin
mntmsn S f n wfgnntfn menn (Assurbanlpal) 1mm ftegtA (Coresus)-an ntfiewm w s f f (Confederate) flenn
wfnen Swtte-an w f e n cwmnnn f m n nft m?Fm wfne (Xenophon Cyropaedia, ii, 1, 5) i CAcntemtm-an
WTSS wen I wtmm mm ann (Edom)-an n m n f m%n f m Sfff"wtnnnenn mwt" Amim fmsstfnenn (Lihyanites)
f ^ wen I f w f wtmennew n ^ f f n n flew spltst ensm s n i nmr a w w n mwt. flenn i f n A s r f f n f l n Agatharchides-an
mmm fnmn wrfftntn stcntnfcs; f ^ ' s n ^ wen, wmt wtmennew m t s m m t (Lalantal) i n f t s m w t t f f f . % (too ^ c w ooo
msnten mnttm mtew mm wm A S i a t nnen nrm Switew nens n n r s f nnen S s s ftwm n n n wfsslf|=i i a t tm f t m n
f m n fnewn sfwtfn w w w fmmfww ^n i Swttewn stwtfn fnfnnenn (Minaeans) Snfnent f l n , t m s rnn f l n fnntn
wfwntnwten wtmenn cnet cnt ^^snfm nsnftw A S 'tme fn^^ (Musran m f n t srent) i tm f l n fnfnmnnenn (Midian)
Atsifin 1 wen Swtte f ^ fnenwm (Niniveh) f w An i cnetn w<w i t m s ewg f l n w m f m (Agra-Hegra) i
m n r m f (The Nabayatl) s cwntn (The Kedar) e f t a w fnsnrfenn fes w t m -tlst^snn (Nabataeans) I
mfnfnn (The Palmyrene) s mfmnewn n f f e n ntn wfnw, fnf (Livy [xlv, 9] >fl fttfn [Pliny, Nat. Hist, xii,
: wtn mnm (ihe H) m n wfnw n f f n 1mm ^fwmnn i tmm 62]-an new w t e n w w t ^ wtfwenfn (Achaemenid) ntflwi
nwent mfnfw 'ste cstfnw w r f f n ntfsfn fnwt nfn s n i a t fnwnsnen 'wmnentews nmnw wenn i- w w g f n wtnnfnew
nnen a f t nstnw cnnrmftf nrtftnenn nrmn mw mtfnnen f^ en>iisifAfs m nssniA wfne A S i mmm f c ^ s wststAn wcs,
wfnef|n i a t m w m f wfnf Asnin mm wtmm m f f sRsnsrt^ cnnn ftm (Gaza) mm fC^ (Arrlan Anabaisis 11, 25,
A S I n t n t m t s cs>mn emamrs wtfnfn ntwt. fmtrs w t f f n s t f f 4, Curtius Rufus IVicmorabollla, iv, 6, 30) s ntfwm
f w m wen I f. f . db-o nens flew cs>nm efta mtfnnenn nrnmn (Raphia)-an few (% f. A i n ) i w t m m - w f n w t f ^ s w m
wten nfnm Sean cnm m n i (Antiochus iii)-an fcn^ wststAn wfnntfin i
'wrsen f n m f n g ^ f c n n w m w r f n r n rnnnwtim fnetn Smn wtenwwtwtenn f w j n m t e n f (Ptolerhy) *mraenn n f ^ s t
nsmen cstt wm A S i f w f cmttfitwtes tmfln aw wnsn wrst t. n f n f n e n s 'wisscns wfswtst wrtf^swm (Polybius, v,-
n f s w mm nsn f l n wrsr s ^ ' s n ^ f f ntffwj nmsfA n ^ wm 7 i ) - a n mw emmrm f n n t f i n i cmn A S , a t w r s n n n t
t n n t f fm^csnn
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Contents
WtrStWT? (Nabataeans) f f f f t i M<lHW^ t m f t 5 f f t w i f ? c t t w t "^c w? a f t t t t ? t R w w ^ f t w

fflftRvs f t f f w 'wtf? f t f f m t f r f f f w cwm-ftfftf- (Dadjalma) ttfWC?? ?lW?J?f W r W W f t i t f r " Ctlca? t t R
CtwrtWitffm (Petra Damascus-Mesopotamia) a t f l c t t , f f f t ? f w c w t i t f t t t t t ? W f t e w H W t w f|ct?/i vS
fittl? rffsfittftc t t t t w t t l "s itl'iM't stctrsR f f t t t w (Pliny, a R i ? t f wtwct? t i t f w wt3t If. ttst t w f ? tffww a ^
Nat. Hist, vi. 142, Strabo, xvi, 749, 755, 756) i a t t t t w f f c t ? ft# ?wiwtf r? i f f t t j ? t w 'w?ffftttfrrtc
fwsttwt (Tigranes) f%f R t t J f t m t t t ' W t W f ffW wtt?t irtct? t ^ cwt? Cfft f f f wtfc tltf w I
f t f t tttwvs f t t ? f t t t t t t w i (Plutarch, LucuUus, 21; ''j. 8 f t w f ? ttjwtct f f W (Kinda) CtiaXS.) t?IW?
Pliny, Nat, Hist, vi, 142) i fffffwft? jtt fffe w t J r? 1 at f t w t c 5 riw?mi"8c? t t t w wrtwr?
(Mithridatian) f C l ' W ? t t t ( W t f w ? t i r t t t f f t t f l ftfflft a f f c i ? t w I f t w ? ffRW ctia WW?lWvsw w c t w i
f f t t t f l f , t t f v s t f f t ? f c i W T t t (Pompey)-a? w f t t f ( W t f fff f i t I ctratt w w s t ? w w w (Maadd) CWCt trw?w f c ? I
Ctttttftftlif WWW w r t f c w tif ( t t i t f t I W?tT etc? WWW c t t w w t i t ? f - f f R W (Ghamr Dhi Kinda) W t f f t w

tctt f^ tfttww r ? I t t t f f t t e t ? (Parthlans) ft-st'C'*
t n w t t f t f t t ? t 5 W I t r t w w t - a ? t f w t - t t % t CWCt t w
" w m t t f j t f f t i t (Cassius) a r w t (Crassus)-a? w f t w
^ c f t fê?? t c t ? fc? w f f w I ?tfvs f f W ctlcat ctwfCR?
f l f w I (WtfW? f t f t f i t 'wt??w? t e t i a w ? vs tiff?r?w?
wffw vs f f i ? cttaêt? t t t f ftww ttft f i t ? f?i? t t ?
f f f t i wtww?W5 wsS?fwf t r w t f t vs t r t t f f t ? i w t w t t i w 1
Atcvt wwct? c ? f t ? f t w t f t t f c r ? f t ? f f ^ t w ? t t w t?,
a t t ? t c w D ? fit 'wt?t-tfft? t ^ f t f ? W t f w 1 a t f t f t
W f vs f f w ftw ?iwjf5? ''SW r ? fw^ w t f f t wtR-f?t? r t e w i
f f t t s f t ? ( W t f tiftwtT? w f t t f t t t fwf wtitwo WW r t ,
f f f f ttTtte?? f t f t t f t tfts? t t f ^ trctiffwt? tftf^ 'wt?? ctlca?
c)5Rft vBTi^vg srtif?w r ? i " w m - f f f f w f t t i w f i t t i t w f t w ?
t f f f w a f t ttet? W t ? fffcw? I t w w f t t f t f a t w ,
(Ghassanids) ig.l t t t w f t ? i wtWW W i t s f f f tttf
wrHRs W w i R - a ? ?iwi ?5?t r t w f i t , wi? ^ t t w f??i t ? ?
(Phylarchs) f t ? i w t t j t t i t f w t tJtftWfW? (wIt-ttW )
fit??(._,^ t ? i f wiaRt f w I f f f t ^ frtttfet?
f f t w ? % f f ? f i f f t w w a W f l Wf?itWW Wtfttet?
t t f t f t f f f t t f f w t e w a t wfw?lt ?5w i w i a R t t t ti?w
(Lakhmida) [g.l t i t w f t t fit i a t ?J?fI feor % t f w
frt? W t w ftwj w i t - f ? i ? ffspci tffbiffw r ? 1 w? ?w r ? ,
Wfjffit I
f w f w a w t t ? c t i a t f c r ? ttr wiR-wr?i?w t t t f f f
t c w t e t j % 8 f t w t f r w 'wT??tt t f w t w i ? w Wftwt
w f f w t w w t a?t W f WfC?? t t l ? t r w w w t f t e t ? f t i w
f w I w t w w fftcw a t Wftwt t r S w i w w ? f | t w t ? vs
w a R t fc?? I a t i w w t f t t ? i f ? f t w l f f ? a w w ? w t f f w
sj^ttct? (incense Road) t i f f w j w t i w t i t T f f t l t
w r t e t ? w t f f t t f ^ f f f w?t? I c t t w w f'w? w w t vs t w c f ?
(Sabaean) f f f ffffc WrtW?W5 W W ? t t t W ffffw
f w w f 'wi??tct? wwt ?tfw tfffbw r t I t?w f n ? wewj
WW W? I (Wf5 w t t t t l t ? af f c a t w i t J W t t fit WTWW I
w i t - t ? i t i w t r t t t t t j 'wrtt w w f ^ f i t i a f f f vs t i f w f f
wtrlw? t f t w f t f t ttft? ?tffwttvs fit 1 ttt??l? t l t f tct? f t i f t
R t w f f i t c t w f f f t t f f f t t tse?? 1 wtrtcf t w f t f W r ?
v3 ctTtTf r t c w w w w ? -3?^ f W w ? I t f s f wtwct? a t
^W^srtftR t t t f ftct I t n t W B t t t t a t t t f f ?iwt? w i ? - ^
?TSf?fwf v s t ^ f tc^vs ^ ^ - t f ^ B C t ? 'wl??tt w r t e t ? t c t t f ?
f t w t f t ? (Wadi al-Rumma) W?ffw i 8 i b r '^j. f r t ? f f J ?
t f w t 'wi?ct? www?cf? tft f i i f t i t f f f t w ft r ? I
^jTlW-Wt^ f i t t t t ? "wtt? WSt?t? W?C3lt fC?? 1 t W ? l ? t i t
t? wf'w e r a f^5C?? f a 'wit? wiR-Wff;?-a? tit? wfw?
f w 1 wwst? w?-?if'w ctiacf ctw Rt? Rtf W f t R ? - a ? c t w
t t w WW? f t f t (Shammar Yurisht-va? w f f t t f g ^ i t s t w
^ W t t w - f i t t t 'wtft? (Asir) vs t f w t t t w w t f w t "Wttc?? f W t ? vQWtt-va? ctwcf f t f t t f t e t ? ttt f l ? I f t t t ill t t
twt?tff8fc?? I wtt? t?? f w t c f t t r t w f t f e f i t i a t t f t f c i ^^j. (ft
^ f t w t f ? antes ffatfw wit?*t-fi?t t?? "Wtt? w w t vs t w f ? c t t t t c f ( f ssio t e t ? t f c f ) f t m ? ' w t ? f w c t t
ff?i? ctta^c?? f t ? w t w ffwt?f^ ffcsf? WW t f t 'w??ct? t j [ ^ ^ I WR-wtff t ? t 'Wte?? t t t t f f W t t t wtwt?
^rsn f t t f f f r t f c t ? a t t a f i t 'wl?? w w c t t f t c t t i t t c f tetfss f f t w we?trt f w i w t w f ? i^ffnftrfct? f f f t f f f t
c?itfct? wfw cwwictt f c t ? I If. vorb- WCR f t f f w i t - tlWetWR? c t w w w w t (Arethas) t t f W ttffSw i f f f t
w w w (an-Namara)-a? w w f ? ffffe a t t t W ? f f t c?itfcht t f t w f f a w t i e t w t l r? i a t t f a w f i t wtR-ff?i?
f c g t ?irticf I W t f t t t vs tT?cti? 1??^ I ^ T t t f t t c t g f f s F W i ^ ^ s t f ^ ^ r t w
t t w f fffCflt
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mw? ^ w i f f i ? cmara? mstemm - e n ^ f f f w t st^t we? msnaaên m StmcA a t fnmn nftmffn atnst nmmwra w m t
(ffoo f . ) I WWJ cnff 1 fnwft ntmrnn nftmenn t n ntf m t i n n s ntf mwn
Swcst wm-fnfne?n nftw cmtmn we? i m'fnwitss f f n wnsn'
wtew wM-mTf?A n w n An I fwft (mmw ^3 m?m mstewH amwts w t s n m ctrean atmn i wrm? nf^ fnftw net i Ssnrm
wiamn wesn i win-Aif?^ fnfnm s ntnmff mwmtew nnmw (Uwara)-an f c ^ en fnA A? i t m ? ten wm-ntAmnen mffwt
wenn, at wnt w l w n f ^ ste nte? i ffoA % m f n w n f f e wen ettea? t m w f w e n n tnsn f a 'wtnfftA-a? w m Segt cnm rnn
omnwenn nft f ^ ctn A ? i w t n n n f ntn? (ffoo f . ) w t n - m i atwtcn swn wtftsn wm-fnm-an tfnntcsn m w c f s tsff
A ifscAS cnmnn wtn-ftm wiapnt w e n w n m cntnwcm mîfw <3 m t I t w m t n m wTmenn nw aw w t t mrnnrm-aew ftwsw wes i
ntmnmA i wtn-Aif?^ tmewn n w n "wmen? S t n s r g f wenn wrstm cntmm arm ffso f f c ^ wrsm f t t n we? i mfnn ntenn
(ffoo-ffoto f . ) I m n f t wtn-fnfnn wtm? aff mnnrntw f n m ttea S t f f m f t n (Sabaen) f f t e a t fsnnt m-sm mn i
( j i ^ ) t t c w cwm>Q ntAtm m mtm win-Aii?cA? fnwt wr^ptnft ^'wenn f a ftmtw wft tnrnSn-wnnn mnntnffs ngteSn mstem
wenn ant wtm? wmt f t f c w fnntA wenn i mm A ^ , wtn-AlfnA ftwm > n m fnnm mw wfnsm csftt wfnm m f An i f f n wtnwtnm
w f w m n f t c m cnn f n w m nn a t m e n t ctn t t n m i n f f n f f j n n t wesnnsnw e e s f f e ^ n f c n i tnntSn-wTnn-a?
wtnen atsfnw wtftff wfmen, f n m win-Aif?eA? nem m^ftw wffwmwf ^ : m n t ? n m m m ffenn f w m s m'wf't ctianen?
aw ^ Wfntft f n t w nff w n m mmcm fnwt^ t i t S t n n f f t stsm I nsnw ffn^s nnnenn (Kaisos) a w t njf%s cn wisnn
f n w S n f wmmm mn wm-Ail?cA? mestm Ss? f f m ftmcn ftntfm ngtcBn fnwt -ste f f n f c n n twnn t n mw wenn ant m t f t
A? I n m A?, ti?m?iw wifftm-snm wm-ttnm w m - fnft'new w m - f n f t m tsfn-f"mn ( f . effs f.)-cw tntfw wenn i ftmr
nrnwm f n n t f n f ^ wnm mra wm-AtfnA ffAn-Air f . n w 'wtsrl^ -'wtmn'-a fnftn^ wtcA, ff^H f s t e ^ msntn wfwntens
wm-m^nm nftn w t ? f ? ^ w t t fnew? wfnwte? ntemt i wtcst S c a t ATssm (Harran)-an wtsnfe S t f f ffm; (wtftt
wm-ttnm w ^ n f w t f m f w f w t f t t w j A ? W a-Aff ^^cw a-Ab- fftob f . ) cnm mn i Stes en nwn mwm Se^t wm ttme^ wtrnm
t w fnmnm f f n i a t nnen m n m f wtemnen? wen t t n m mm cn aw aw cttcan ntwt ffenn awtt m s t f n S t f f
ntftwr f n n s t m tew i nen A ? 'Smn t w tnrw amwt f f t mm wtm atmffw A S I f f t f t S f m-twmcn m^sm ffmcA i
wm-Aif?A fw^wm t m n wesn, nsnw tmrnnrst fntenn fnws f n f t i t S t f f A? A f f o f . I Smew w t f t (Tanukh)-an aw
^ e w f t t w wmff? ftmen \ n t n m f e n n twenn t n w m - mwmSegt cnmmn i
A'tftAcw t m n n wfnew A ? I f f n f m ? n w m f s mmn i sf^tiff 8 ( i ) O. Blau, Arabien im sechsten
wm-fnfn? wm-AlftcA? tfnnte?? sir w n mremn m t n a cnn i Jahrhundert, ZDIVIG, ibtoS> f . , ffns. t . ; (A) E.
awnne^ wm-Arf?A f n n m c?mwcnn fnwt nttew nnf An, Glaser, Skizze der Geschichte und Geographie
annfw cnmwtn f m e w fnentnw matewm 'wtnnenn t m w Arabiens, A t . , nttnn i b S i o f . , AoA t . ; (o) cntw,
fnfs; wen i n m m f n w m t l f e w f m e w ff Ab f f c ^ at Zwei Inschriften uber den Dammbruch von
tenn wfnwtft nfmm S e i t wm A ? I >^ ntnnt fwft f f m n t Marib MVAG bbS>H f . , f ffff; (S) M. Hartmann,
wenn i f m ? f f m ncsr ncsf 'wme? f w f t f ^ f n f n Smtcnn die Arabische Frage, Der Islamische Orient,
>4i<ntH m t I At., n t t t f t t , i>S.oS. f . , snS) t . ; (ff) F. Hommel,
wm-Aif?A f m ? ntwj f m ? faen? nem mt f ? m cnn i at Ethnologie und Geographie des alten Orients,
mem? wtmsfn f ^ nnt mwn, wm-ftwten? f A m t t w m , ntAmnn (Handbuch der Klassischen Altertumswlssens-
wm-tmmm i wm-AifscA? f a t t m'wm-a? cttamfCAs sm chaft von W. Otto, III Abtl, I, Tell Bd. I, IVIunich,
ftmen f n f ^ An i f m ? cwj^ f a ^"w? (Hudjr)-an nnsf R m iSiAto % % ffffo, ffHb t . ; (to) E. IMittwoch, proelia
ntewm S t ? t wwwtr w t f t t w j f f n i fwft wtnm etrean aw Arabum Paganorum (mn, ntfnn ibS.S. f . ) ; (n) B.
fncgfCA fnA An i f w m ntewm f f e * ^ wfttfw ant ntff "wt tVIoritz, Der Sinaikultus in heldscher Zeit,
mfm-cttaênn t m w ?5ntAfn ntmrnn nem f t w m f w m t n Preuss, Akad. d. Wlssensch. Abh. Neue Folge
^mwm mmwfff n t m fnntn ^Jn^ A ? I wm-fntenn f c ^ entAfnn jcvi, mfnn iS>in b, ffo-ffo; (b) De Lacy O'leary
fnA An ( w m - f n m f f n f w t nnrnn n m n f awft f t ) i at Arabia before Muhammad , n-an i S - A l f., f . ffA ; {>>)
n t m ffoo f f e ^ wenw n t n ? t e n ne5 i wm-ffnTnn A. Musil, Northern Hegaz, fnS t n w i,s>:î f., f .
tnmft ft'Scsnn
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Wtt-'WI?R
Avv-Afei ; ( i o ) Arabia Deserta, ftf ifeAl % tf. ?f? r? WW?? w t t i w r I at tfttwt? f w wt?? f f f f e f ? .
S H H - S f e H ; ( i i ) Northern Negd, ftif ifeAV f , f . Wi) I f f f e t w t t t f t ^ vstwTtft? t e t (Immigration) i
f . ; ( i A ) Th. Noldeke. Die Gassanischen tftfw at wi3et wtttft f i t f??t I f S f ? f f f ? (?) t r t
Fursten aus dem Hause Gafna's Abh. Akad., f t t t e t ? f f f w e t ? f t e f c f i t wweti? f e t a t wwittte??
i b - v i % ; ( i o ) Gunnar Olinder The Kings of Kinda f f t t t r? I ww!f^ f f w f ^ f w t r f f ? ftfte tw t s ? t w
or the Family of Akil al-Murar Lunds r? w w , f f w t 'î?iw?) f t t f w t w ^ At?jiflt I t w r?, f f w t
Universitets Arskrift, Lund ifeAl ' J . , 'A t . ; 8 0 - wrê?? w w j t f t t t t f f e f ? f f f f t t t f i t t f f f wrt?i ^ f t f f s
1.; ( i 8 ) G. Rothstein, Die Dynastie der Lahmiden (Myrrh)-a? f f ? W f f w j f t tffW WTft? f W I W W W f W

in al-Hira, f t f t ? i l r f e f e f . ; ( i f f ) H. Winckler. 'wt??ft f ^ f f e f t f w ? t f w f f w f f t f t Srtwfiet?
Geschichte Babyloniens und A s s j T i e n s , t f t f f t t ffef. I f t f f ftifftfr rte f w f f r?, vffo ^. ,irtw ffff?
ib-feA t- i t . , fe8, Afeff-1, AVfe-v (ife) Auszug aus der t ? ^ f f ? f ^ i e f f f f j w ? f i t I trt? w w t t w:?t ' f t ?
vordarasiatischen Geschichte, t t t f f t t i f e o f f ^f., f . Wtbe?5?' (Fertile Crescent) f? f t e f W W T ftfltt? f i t r
H o - o ; ( i l ) T. Weiss Rosmarin, [f??^l Journal of w r t t t f i t ^ iw??fiff ttifTtttrff ? f f f , wt?-tnt f i t 'wt?ff?
the Society of Oriental Research, ifeoA %, 1-37 t f t t t e t ? f ttwfWrfT I w w r t w a f t t a f e w ^ f i t w trt?
(Cuneiform w f r ) ; (ib-) I. Rabdinowitz [ft?^] t w t W v 3 W t l ? ( f t ? 8 o o v^feR (?) i t t f t t t e t ? (Sabaeans)
Jbumal of Near Eastern Studies, xv (ifefffe (.), i-fe t f t f f W ? w f t t t ? (Emigration) tt i a t w f t t t ?
; (ife)W. F. Albright. The Biblical tribe of Massa' f f f t t e f f f t t r t w w t w f w w a w f i ? w f w w t ? - f t ?
and some congeners, studi Orienalistici in Wfe?? we ftttt ^ t w w t w w w t ? t t w w t t w wHtfl w f t
onore di G. Levi della vida, i t . , i - i 8 ; ( A o ) J. f f w t i t w a t t ? t t f f ? f f t f f a w f b a f f fttf^ w e ^
Starcky Palmyre, L' Orient ancien illustre, f l 1 , WtW? f f ? I f % f f i t f w f e f ? t t f ? f t % t f t f f a w w ?
f j t f t f ifeff A %, % ^fe, t f w i 8 , fei, b-b-; ( A i ) S. Smith, W W ? ? t t (Scenites) wtftffW W f W f t (Apamaea
Events in Arabia in the sixth century AD, Thapsacus) WW f f w WtetttT f f f ? f W W w f f i F t f W i
BSOAS, ifet., i f e f f 8 8Aff-feV; (AA) M, Guldi, wrtr? f f f f c f TWW f T f ? (Khabur) G f f t w t ?
Storia e Culture degli Arabi, O l t W f ifeffi % (Ao) W. (Sindjar)-a? f f w t f t f f WteWW f f f ? f w w f f w a t t
Caskel Entdeckungen in Arabien Arbeitsgenein f w I. a t w w w r t w t r f t a ^ t t f t t w t f f r c w b w ftfe
schaft, fur Forschung des Landes Nordrhein- fttfef| w 1 a f i f ftwte? a f t w f f w j f f f ? w w f ? W i : ^
Westfalen, Hft. o o , ife(?8 f I t f t t ? t f v 5 ? rrs?!? f f w "3 ffwet f ^ - f f % t 'w?t f f w i a t
A. Grohmaim ( E . I . 2 ) / t R t t ? ^|ip|ss[^ (Wftt? t f w ? t a f t f t % titft "^titlt I
ioff ^. W t r f ? wewr f f f ? wiet? w w f f ^ a?i:tfe ? t t ?
A I 'Wt??OT? f f f t ? f S f t t B l t va w f b ^ t f f t f ? ?
f w f ^ - t f % t 'wt?w? c t t t f fw? ? t ? - f f t r t t v t f t cfct?
(Fertile Crescent) "W??!?!? WgtW?tC?5 a f t f???f^ ?tW
f f W f W fftf f W I f f t e t '"W?tftH"ef? (Saracens) f ^
fAftw t t j W?ef tAt? ? # t ? ftSf ??ffT t w f?r'w? I w g w ? t
'wt?e?? c f # ? f?C23fe (wit-wt?tt) wtfr' (Tayyi) cttea?
W r ? t w tft?tcf W f 5 ftw?? t t t f T A ? ftw?cw? WtJKt,
v i i i f f f f wtawet? f t f r t t t f i t WW? fftcWbW f W a t ?
f t f f w f f w w ? wttf^cA? w t t i w ct? ?? I a t ft'Si?|vo W t f w
w t s ? I f W ? f ? Ttt a w w ? t f W t ? t?^fff? t t r t f
rte f t w I t ? w f f ? s ctwwftffe W f f f ? w ? r t t wf?t f t w ?
( ( f f f f f e ) f t f f w f t f ? f e t e t ? trtft? w?fT w T ? f r f ? ( f .
ffsf? f f w f (RWftftff ^ e W W wf?t w f f f w f f f f t w f
A8i ^.) f f f I t r t w f i t f t wf?t rte wff W f t W f t t f
f t f w ? w ? T w v 8 [ w t T t f l f 1 "ê WW I a t (?twt^ f f t w W f t
(A) f f w t f f w f I t r t c f ? fe?t wtet t t j -a t f % t 'wt?? "ê
f w f frt? ^^tw W W f t f ? ?5f?wr? f f w t f fsft t t t r ?
ft?t?ffwfft I ft?f?tt5f t ? t f ? j f ftr f w c w ? wtttlte
[viitfi^f ] tswtet? f f ? , Wlf f t s f t s tltlt W t l W t j t f t w ?
f f f f w f f t f t i t I w f ? f e w W f t w r t f f t t wrtcf? f f f w c?ftc?t
f f ? a ? i 'wt?w w t t i W t f f e w ? Wef? f f ? i a t W f f f t r ?
w?T!r ?fet; W f t t t f t f t f ^ ffft?r?f wi? w r t f f t t W8?re??
t f w t 'wt?w f f t f f e ^ w??ff? f e t a?i ?tefWj!ff ?lffwj va
f f w e t I s f t w f rte a t t f t cfct f f % t *wf?? rte
( t t t l f w t t e t ) -^^sfirtfefst ti-=m.Wct?t W?=i) t w ? t e ? t e ?
f f w r f f f f w ? W f t ? t t t w t i t I tertcw f f t i t w c ? t ^
t t w f ftfCff?
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(wftn t m f ste ?) f i t AS'flS" apw at w r t r a n w n n B mt fntews wtft amstf c^tffnew sttts ttm nm i w m t n a w m t
(tym t w i % w m w t f i m ) i w r n f f t ' ^ I S M S w n n m i n aw tmfe cntmm rnn f s t t f w ctta (tAmrsSwmn) i fn'wmes
w?t msHM ttntw AS I at mwn ntntnn cttcan n ^ n n ttnmft tmenn ften wten S m n ^ c w ftwnwsnf cttanfA i tmens aw
ntwttctn mnftw fwmw w t t f A t wen ant atmen ntwntn w t t wtmn t s n f wten t s t e w f n m mn i f f f ntmw wttm nt%t
amwt s nm'winen ( c w f w m ) C % A I cmt? n i t m f nftmt ^ - w w t f t n m w m m ^ t n wen i t n n f wten tmm f e n wttw
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nrsftetn f w n t c n n went g^'wwn An i at f w n t n t t S s n fnnn wfwfct tnmenn m t f n w f c t ftwscwn cnt stntA wtns
'wiftn'=^'smnw ( ^ ^ i ^ - J J J J = . ) s t m f n t w nfn mtt amwt A t m f i n tm fnnra asnnt t w t f s nmwtct n^ A S I n s s n f
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(wtfnn) S t w j m t w ant n f n t n S s n f w ^ a m n n ^ c w t t f m ftwsw sen S#t fnew i m n t t w t f s ctnwtt ^ c w ntmw
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antwtn ntn wfnw i wtmm Swten sfnrn c t n i t n m n atmenn wfne mew i n<snt twtfew ftsme^s a Stnftva ftsetn ^ m
WtAtm wtntn f t t n wen ftnwiesn Sscn wtfmew i nra I tms tn Qs^ A S n t f (Bali) cttcan ftwnw i wneten
tnmenn "^wus n t m n t wtns A S attnw f n s nmnw t n a n f t w t f n c t n m t t t c w w ^ t r s r m f f f s w ^wtnn
cnmntftfew wtfttwtff^ mmen i at n w n n t f t f n f m w ^ (Hutaym) cftean cntwtt ttnntesn f f f n w f amsn Atew
cstfnw An f n t w amwt S m - w f f n m nf^t t f n f e n i w w s t n wtfnm a t antsnn stent wen i temnem m f m amwra ( J ^ )
tmm t m w , fnfnm w t n - w i f m w n wen i t n n f wten tAtm f w n msfnmt an^ tfnrfin i i A o o f f c ^ f c n ^ tes
wnrtm wRntcn^ w t t c s t wes, at n w n wfwmn sen ttnrn mfsnrt (wtftj) ctta SsmnsenSm-w^tftm s tmew wttnn w c s ,
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mmen w m f w t s nnrnn emwcnn fmmen-fnnfnenn msiens sttfn t t nfnm cmwt t w t f s nmwtct fsfnew wstnn Atew
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tfsntess m f t tfnen Sttnenets w m wtfnwtf?? A<3sm nc^ ne^ a w t amwra sm A S etn nw fswsw; tm t i n t t m s <3
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stnt?: sen w fnew i mnnwt (^wtsn) ctta f f 'wtnn ^ c w
isii f . "^cw Ssn "wtnen f f t n wttfw t w ^ n t w ntnw
t n n t f ft'Sewm
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( f t t ^ t offprint) i f e o i '|.)1, B. Spuler, Iran [tftit5.],

^. iife) 1 e? w t H t m w i e ? 'wi?? ?Rft f t t t t t f f e t ? Rttri
a w i c ^ > Q at w g w s w ? f f f t n t ^ f i T f e a t t w mm^ wttffte w e t f f t t e t A? (5. w t - t i W f f , 'j. O A V , o o i ;
tin v^fftratewff fftr t w t i t R l t I ti?iwftwti:tt ttlff WT-'lWf, i t . , A V o f f t . t t ? m ^ f l t , offo W t - W f f ,
f t f e a t t f t f i t ? (WW? W f - t t t Iff >Sffrj f i t ) w? wftt. At., 88fe; W t l f f , i i t . , fffe) I
t w w t e ? ? f t f t vQ f l t w j r r ftftwj ftf?e?t t f f t i , ww?!?, t?t??t at t t w ftwa t t i e r ? t t i ? t w t i f t f i t f?iw? 1
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t f f n t wft? ttwt 'Wf? W t t tfS attit?); ftle?? t i f t f f ff??t ?ft?ief ct, t t w Ate A f f o o o vg f ^ ^te t t t t W f
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?t?i ttte?? f w ? a W f t ? ^5tg2tett i ( f . t f t | f ) W f W ? fC??, b-t t w f ? "SWUS "Wl?? ? t f t
W. Caskel (E. 1.2 ) / t R f t ? W f l ^ cnwt? f i t t f t f f e t i ? t t t f f ^ wet Rifeit?iflt I w n r ^sf t n : ? t w t
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w t t ? f c ? I ffttwe? 'wi??et? t?ie? t t t i c t ? ^ t f tti? cfttie? www t f f t WW? f c ? a t t t f r f R e t ? # ? ? w t ?
t w f t ? 8 ( i ) fftft tfff 'w?? f t f t Ate w a w f t w t ? t t i f ? w e t 1fwet?ef w t Wvswtw t ? 1 f?itie?? c f e t i t t f
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te5 I wtt ffte t e t r?, a t wtset f t f t e ? t W f - t t w f t 3RiefW fffc w n w flff? cWfct? f t w ? f i t W W t f ( f .
www t t e t ffww? t i t ( S. A. Christensen, L'lran Barthold, Turkestan, % ib-A) 1
Sous L'es Sassanides, % v i , i r v ) i t t W e t ? W t t f f ftlRTc? 'w??ef? t t w w t t wtet t t w Ate 1 c t t t i c ?
fct a t w c ? 'wratet? t t t n f f f t w c t f t i t i ? i f w r t t ^ t t t f t f i t t f t f t cfiatfCA? t e t j f T t t t t (tfett v t t w f e
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f t t f c ? t f t t t f t t ? t e t ? f f t f e a t ?ft?ic? ( w t - t i w f ft, 'j. W f ? t t f f t t s e t -s f w i e ? a f a ffffw f f t f i t 1 a t w e ?
oirfe, osiA; w t - t f t t f f , % i s r ; t t f t - w f ? [ f W f 1, o t . , wtw8Cfia ffttet? f t A? w t t f t t 1 t ? f T - w f t t ? - a ? ( f W f , fft.,
8fe) I t? Ate 'wi?ct f t t f e ? t t f r f t f t t?i??, wtw? 'sf fe) te w n e t ? tttii f i t f f ^ t 8 W f f f fe,ooo, W f ? 1,000
cwwvs cwtivs ctet? wjwe? ?ft?i fftie? i ww cti^tet? tt? TftR i o , o o o , ' W l t f t - f " T t t 8,000, W i t t i o , o o o , f f
t?w at w t f t t ffww? f i t (at ctet? wjwet 'wl?? f t f f ? 1.000, (=81,000. at t t t j i f t f t e ? ftaff f f vs t i t f f e t ?
f t i r ? t W?tff? cww? tint, % feb-ff, W l t - W f 1fff; o t . , SfeA; t t t j i ? ttt ft? t f f ftiftrw w ? ) I t n f i f t f i t at t f t
B. Spuler, die Mongolen in Iran, W t t t f t ifefffff., cfica? c w t 1,000 w v s w f (ftaff cfiatfCA? wwf tfttw
^. i s A, isfe t . ifes ) I at?it ti?ti f?i tR t e t rt, v^ t f t tiww f t j A? Rtt I a t ift?t? t t w vs f f i Ate wt
t t f f W f f t f f l e t ftff t t f f t f C A ? t e ? i t f f ?ft?tei i cwfcttcf wnet? wwf ftwe? ttfe r t e t ) 1 c? cfta ffwt
?t?t ti?w f t w t e ? ? w t ? t i vg ?t?i ttc 'wt??tet? fttl? r f f i t w n t f r t i c ? v s t t w wvsw r t i a f f c f f i t
v a f o i t t t ? w?TtA ?ft?ie? 1 (A) ctewtesffw ^^te w s j i t t t t t f t r f f w ( r f ? vs ' w i t f t - f t t t ctiaw afca) vs rttff w m
'viii<(tcM ffft? a f t t attiA^ t?ie? t t f t f i t ? w ? I It tw% ( r r r te? cflfliiifit) cfta, w? wtjffe^ w f t vs f i t t ctia
f e t f f t tn:? ' w t ? t f t t f c t t ftff A? i ctt? f t t w , nww? ( a f c a f f i ? Cfta r e t tfffb) 1 twet? w r f f f t t t e f t ? ? f i t
t t w n t ; fst cw a f f t 'Wl?tttl? (>a f ' w t t l ? ) t A C ? t tftt ( f . a t f f t t f lf<J*tfA) i w t t f t cttea? te*!j <v*wf) t t f t t
A? i t f f t t t w tA?ft v f f e s t t f i t ( W l t - ? l W f f , 'J. oiS, 800, w i r ^ A t feb-o ''(fcR ffwfi t t a t w ' j A f i t t e t 1 rw
8 i o , 8Afe; Rf?Wft (Schefer), ^. ffA; t ? f t - W f ? ( f W f ) , (Harat)-a? tttte? W f ? vs w f t cfiaê?? t e r ?t?ftt f l f
fft., iff; E . G . Browne, Account of a rare ms. hist, af f l A? fe8-ff/feV8-ff t e ? (Wt-1?lf, A t , 8feo-fe) I
of Isfahan, Hertford i f e o i %, 'J. A l (JRAS Ate w f t e t ? wjwf t f t r cAf Cf? t t f at f c ^ t w f t tc& 1
ttwf fffCftt
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Contents
wm-'wHitn
i8/tot-8 mm mm %et^ fmt t^ ftps A'sm m^'Q awft fwn wt#wnt t f w ^ A S I trm-"wtnn atwm mmst
v i / i o o mr i w f f wsjtA ttcw (wtf-^sKif, At., vffji>-toA) i cswms wm t m tin ^s^fff i at nns ste ntwtnfww
Sftnt fncnn ncmwfcnn wen wn-tntwn ftttftw At^ i mm ntnmftn sfsm wmn ftnten StwrSfs cwt^nncw Sc^ nmtrnnm i
WtAt? ncnfwR w ^ t c t tPscnn ( f n % f s cncnttcsfet) nninRis a t Wfnen Smnrt ntwftR fttf Atm tcf; wmn tms
Stn Ron winw i tnn tfnwcnn wen w-to/io8-ff nen wtf? wtttemtw fwf% fln ctf#s i "wtnsrft wtemnenn wmt fwfnmt
-a ntft "wm tf^ ffIt nmtnwwfen SI1%A A ? I Jait^^lfisi fwstft ftnttn ^tm ctn i wmn fw^ aw fwf%s Stn stfwflsw fln at
f Wfnnt tnn fnRsf tt^tfft sf^tênn cwfn^ttn n t t s t nsgn wtcmnn 1 a t nesf "wtff nsfn s "wtf nnsfwenn nem mAtm
nfiten nt, nns, Innctn^ tttwcw ustt wesn i wtAls wntt "wtsntt ?}n5et 'wrsstftenn f t nsfftt tin wtAtenn ftnj^s f R R w
ntntnwf^, fttnt s tt-antlnncn A^ltsi tf^ntn fcntt nt wen, ^tm ctn I Sftnt "wtnntnt 'wins i ft wtemnen cnwf m wftew
tnetnwtcn ât nwn antwtn nem nt^^fB^gs antwm [wtf-ntntfft, ttew I tmenn tstftens nem nAcntftm wstfwAwmest sfncw
f. 8 i o , 8 : i i t.; Wtf-WTntft, At., iffto ; tffn-Wtfn ( ^ ^ ) , ttew ww Smnrtenn twnsnn t w ( t n s f wten wrDs tnfcs
t., it8; ntntfft, f.ffA!I ftAtn fftn tn t ^ ntftenn wften tAtens nem enn nsnn A S mt) i atment wten n8to-ffo
wtnn W o t stAt wenn ant H A O 'fsten wtft^ cttat w o t fîc<ts fnwn I wntj a t nnen wtf fnfnenn cnrnntftfm
wtssfAt wnt t w w o f n nAtn ttewn i wfftn s wtnnenn f t m n wfswtst^nfnw tin"wtflwtff (wtf-wtmft, ot.,ffi,to8t.) i
'Pnten Sntnrt tmens ann nnntft mtftnt mn cn, 188 f%tcfn ann "wtnwa wntr tin skisi at wrffwnn tfwcw wstsJAt
ten nrnn tnn ntnrtenn nw ctmt nenn mmê tnnnnm snm mt I 'wtsstft wfwntens nnn tstcnn wtswtst fnmm "stew
5ftnfCAs tnnm tnsitntn cwm-a Stm 'pmt tm ntt i n^set nftf AS I n f f nnR fttnwtfttctn stR tmfttt wm tapm
"wtsnenn wtssetn wnrt nsntSw "wmstftft?fenwtAtnt wfws A S wen mt i 'wtns Rntcn wtstenn ntwcnfww 'ss^s cwnn
S f n f n
ntt I n8v-ffo -pm "wtnstftcnn fnwcss wen fsttsen "wrsscns fw^tlnm I at nnes ctrSsff m f f ttfnm ffntfin, nfms ntn
fsn wwstn ffl AS I t w r f t w cwm cwm cttcan Sc^t cntt m ( f . ftemfw
fntnm fnwcss w?t test wstj tw^ ns,trw "wtsn tstftens cntwfc^nn cntt) i wtf-wnt wsffwAwwrcn sfncw ttew i wen
nftw sfcfs nmw tfwt cmen i ntsfsm ftAwtnennCWA CWA n^ "wmn ctn t w tstftens nft m f f tnftm mn i wntj tm
tnwennew wtnn ttnenn nft^ ttt tt^nttnt nn i wmm g^'wwn cntttcnt m t cntttcn wtsmr f twwtcn fnewenn
"wtnnttn Sftnt tstftens ntsfRw #sen wstsfAt wtscw ttew fnmfse nnrnn wftw (csnn ntnn-an nssnrten) i wmts 'wtssrft
(fsetn wftnt ntsenm ^ fmptm Stnes, csnn wfsttwten wtAtnt wtnen "wtsn wnnnft cntnn wra-a msttm twt ant t f ^ ^tew
tnnen wtftwens S^nsnfCA wfsw) i fn?t tsntA nsnftw Atew WtAtenn wms wwjttnenn ftnms wm stemwn i wen ann f m
ttcw; wntr f w e t ^ f w fttrtw cnrwtt wfsw ttRen atnn tin enttten wnnnft tin wttw wtss, annR awmt s mnt
fnntA sfwtetj Sftffw ^^w i wen atstt nmnnt nnfnw cn, mnrat twr=ftet apsfttw WtAtenn nttrtmn nn^ffs fln i ^t nmm
imtewn neni^ i^tsit ftntAtftw i tnten asm fnntAmw mrnntt fwttnw fnnst fssn i wrm ne^'s f n f f s tnwtAtcns wm
ftsmmcA tnnm stAtsnlf tstftens nft^t wwitm tftnm s wm-m'fff, fnmn, '^j. A I S ; fstntens wsf fsf^ fiens wm
wtAfenst nem fntrm mtmn esmtt wfwn wfsw i wfswf ann % AS)8; w m - t f ' ^ f f t , O A A - A ; t f n A t s w t n , f. 8tt;
wtsws cntf nttw ntAtm nswtesn nftw fnstn wftm ntwJnfwwwfcn wm-mwlnft, f. AS>A, O ; wtttcnn wm flfn-'wtnm, f .iio;
cn%t emwcnn nft cmtm wfnw (cnnn fwnfnen f m t f t ^, f. (^nwm); Wtnwtfsw; Trla opuscula
i o 8 , ioV, Aito
"wtnfftA t f n tffnn) i wtmn fnftn "Sntenn nnn (iin-Ao f.) (van vloten), % 80; wtftff, i 8 t . , ioA; int., toS.;
^tew n^ nstjw *wmenn nem atstt awft nffn cswm f f t A S ist-antsff. At., 8to (f. ntntsfttA-t 'wtmn), S. A . volin, K.
ntmew atmnnmn ?Fefs nfsw mft wm ^ tmft fnfnnens istorii sredneaziatskikh arabov (Trudy vtoroy
nftw nnwrssetn i atsit" 'wtscss SntAst AtR.'^ tnn fstnw (% sessii assotsiatsii arabistov, nem cnfmnstm iSsSi
Wellhausen. Das arab. Reich, f. Alro) i n n f t f t f.,f. A8); B . spuler. Iran, f. Affo; ntt tfwAtcnn wm f .
tmffens nftw n s f ^ mRtw wn s ffnwesn sfc^ awft t f f f mnft, wtnn ntntA, xix=i I6f, f f , m f t - t
fRnstw nmmen S t f R ttsm cnt n^nstjw sfcstt bfnsifAt ( R ^ t f ) , f. Atoto-ooff (wft'wf tfnms), at nwn ntt-tfwsm
WtAtn n5 tm Ate^t i nen A S , IA f. -ê ettat-cswmn m "wtsn csntnfsw nnwtf wfstfenn a ^ t m f wtfwn nem fnftm
sfAt wes awtt fwn stmnw stfn n n f f ^ w f f R i a t nnen sits Is tnnnetn Stn stij^ ^memw-mtt wes 1
tnmf frngcwm
t.ft.5y!'i3
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Contents
WI=T-'W1?H
tffit ( i ) A . V . Kremer, Culturgeschte des t f t w tAtet? t f c f ? t r t j w t f t f t ? f f ? c s t Ate? I wc? wtAt?i

Orients,ffww iVlff-l f (tfrtW A t . , i 8 ) ; ( A ) J . CWf a f f t t t w r f c w t t t f f f w A t t f f f t T f I t I CtTSt t w f % w
Wellhausen, Das arabische Reich und sein t e t j a f ? "wttttt f i t a f w ? f ? - A t ? f e ? ? w f e ? 1 f f f t t?ffe??
Sturz, tffWT ifeoA %, f t t t w f. A 8 l - f f A ; W. Barthold, w?j f ? wttf? ft?ct I wtAf?f t f t f ? t w t f t f t ? ( w t t i t ) t t t t f '
Turkestan, ftt^; ( 8 ) c t t f , K istorii orosheniya tt?fSw f i t ( f t l f f t f t ? r f 1 f tl? i f f O o 'SjfCR?
Turkestana, C t ^ f f e i f t f f ifeSi '(., f. i i i t . ; (a) P. t T t r t f l C R ? t t t t t ? t A , tfAt volin f W f sfffffw At?le?
Schwarz, Iran, vt., iivi-ff ( w l t H t r t w R ) ; (fe) B. [Volln, f . , i i i - A o J ) I '^f? t f t w f t t t w f f e w a t t f t
Spuler, Iran in fruh-lslamischer Zeit, *wt?f t ^ ftsf Wftf tta f t I wc? f t f t i t t w f f ? s}t?cs wfAtet?
Wiesbaden ifeffA f. Ao-8ff, A8l-ffo, ooff t . f e a t tivatt t t t , f f e t t w f f f t g a t t f???few (Volin f f f
ftt5 I f ^ ) I attte? wiRict?ef w t t j t ^ t t tf?tf? t t f t t f e a t
ffte ^ c t I ( i ) cffftf??teA? tttfct'fc t i t t i t ^ t - a t t ^ t ?
CRtcftf ctffe tm t f f f e t ? t w t I lAt?T tfwct?ef "wt??
B. Spuler (E. 1 . 2 ) / t R f i t t f l ^ CAItltH
t f t i t i t wfttt f c ? , f f f wttttt c f t ctet t i t f c ? c t t ctet?
wtttt t A t f c ? I t i R l t f f f a t t f i ? a f t t wTf?5ff >8 a f t t
f f c t f w f 'wt?? t ^ t ?ft?tef 1 f f c t t t w i t , f v Q ^ , f t f t t t t
f o t t t f i c t t c t j a t f t i t W t t t t t g t f t i t f i c t tctj4*ttit
t t f o j wrftfwtctvg w ^ t 5Fct? w f t c f ? f t t a t t f f f t t t f e a t
t t t t t w "wttttct?! f t (ws a t t ) ft-RtWl? t l A 1t*ft fT fc?? I f t f t i t t w r f c wtAtet? t l t r t t t a f t t f s Attte?? tctt
t s t t t 1 WTf t i t f f t w t e t t t t l t f S 'WtntCt? t^C^vQ a f t f t i t??iff A t ? l f l t I t f i ^ f (Vinnikbv) [ 5. f f t # t ] ( f . fe)
ttet, tft^3 c t t t i c t wiAitt ttfftrf (The Imperial ifeAfe ^f^fcRvs l i t t l t r t ? f t i t tea? ( w t t t ^ t t f ? f t t c f ) i
Gazetteer of India, fft., W W T s ifeov % %feV;tATC f t f t i t twtfc"s a t 'wt??tt a f s R f ? Aftt?-a? w f ? f i t i
ftett c t t t ftet? t t c t K ^ t t f t ) I wtAtet? f t w ? ftt?t w f t i c ? f f f li]^ t t ? ?tW? tl2Frs cw? t t f t f WtAt? f i t ?t I ifeAfe
voiAlî c t t t t e t w i t f ? f f f f w A? I wiAttt ftewet? afttftf fstCR? ctifwctw W f t t t i f c w tAtet? t i t j t ffvstt ?t?

t t f f f R fttte? wtftiftwie?? w i R ^ (5.) cwti f t f t ? f f Av,feiv; ifeofe -pm Ai,ifeo I a t t f t t i t r f Atew f f n t t ?
W t f T (ti?Tg-t t t f f a)ett)-a? t t t feat f c ? i f i ? f , f t i ? i At, a t t t < 3 "Wf??' f ^ t wtAtet? t r t f f f ? a t t t t ? wr?t? f t t tet,
ftttc?? f c f t v Q wiAt?T f c ? , ft?t a' t f t f R ^?n wtAttT wra wtAitt sFctt w f f f Ate? f t c t f ?t wttwf tf?e?et ffff?t
t t f f f t c ? t t ? f f t i i i f t t I w r t f ? wratet? f??fte?? titft titec? I wtAiet? w f t f f f w t f t wtAtet? t f f c f f e t ? w f ^ t i
fftttf?'t,ftAt? # ? f e w a t t i t f e a t t t t i c t t f ? Altttc?? t r s t t t f w ttrsF tr?ff? w?ett fttte? 'sf cftt t t t , " w t f s f c f t "
ft! cttfttf tt??few mxmi f f a t f w c t t i t t t , wiAt? t t ? w (avunculate) t t t f t f w f t f t a t R S f t f f t t wte? i tAtew
R?fA f t f tia R t t I WRiftCf a t t i t t t i t ? f t ? 1 C ? , iff io- ^ % 1 C R wtffctct? t t t l ? tetr f t e t t t f f f t t j t R , wrg t r t m f a
wiAtet?ef tt?? ^ e w w t R i ? t ft??n ftl?Te f t s f i t ? f ? i
f t t t c f ? t f t f t f t a ^ w f f f c t f wftfcttct? f??tA A? I ftfe??
A? I wt? t t t t t t f ? t R WlR'Jlt-'^ ? l f t R t t t W t t l f t W
f c f a t ?r?ftet www a f - w f t t i R "wt??' ? r t f f t w ( f . M .
^ t i t t f t i ? f t w j f t ? (f?TtfalA, f ? R t f R - W l f t ? , Zap.
O. Kosven, Avunklat, Sovetskaya Etnografiya,
Vostocnago Otdeleniya, iff t . , AoA t . ) ffSftffw
ife8v %, t l t r t i ) I
A? I wTttt t A f Wift, "wi??et?" t e w ctTft twtf?
( A ) a t t f t WRttfw "wf??' (i^ffAffff w e f ) ' w t ? f t f '
t t t l c f v s w w i t t t t t s ? f i t , a f f t c f (tl?tT) t?lf
f t t t f e ? ? tett t t f f j f t e t t f ? f tetrsi? i f f f w t f t - t w t c t t
W t t t t C f ftt?ttlti^fi-ij-a? a t i f t ? f l t f i t i ? ? T f t w j f t ?
w f t r c ? f f t t t ? A?, a t f f i f t j c t t f t t w t f Atew ftRjttt r
tetJ ' W I t f a l A t f T f A ' W f Wtt-t1?'S?1?f, w t t t f f R , Volln,
t r r a w e f a t f f t s , a t t f t *wt?et? t t f t f t t ? tftttc? fe?rf
f. iAi-o-a f f W ; f . H. R. Roemer Staatsschreiben
f?pt f c f , wttfTir w t i t f f W f t t t w f t f ? t (?r!fr??tet? c?ti?)
der Timuridenzeit, Wiesbaden 1952, f. fe8, t .
ts? ^ Rt I ifeAfe f f c R ? ctifwctw w t f t ^ t t f Wftte? a t
i l l , facsimile 38 b-39 a-RA 1 t f e t t t t l ? ft??t1tt
t f t 'wrtet? t l t r t 8,feffff i tAtet?efwftra ^ ^ f t w t t t t f t w f
?jfft] 1 .
wtet ftws f?t tt? t t c t f f (Sanonl) 'S t l c ? t f (Saboni) i
w w a ? Cftt tttc^cf, twttc? tetjafftt? ? t t t t ? w " w m t t
WfAttt f t t t w StCttfWtt ( A i l o ) Wfftf^te? ( A A 1 8 ) trt
t t t i c t ? t t t f t f f c t w j i t t t f t f "wi??tet? w?Ttftw f ^ -
t f t ?CA ( f t e ? tfte^st o t f t a' t f t t t f t f t t t f t f e t ?
tttlf
jEf.),
ftfCflt
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Contents
wtn-'wintn
w m I i5osi f . Sswtwiw?i ' m m f w t f w f t s i f l C I S n t t n - R n arabov. Trudy vtoroy sessii assotsiatsii

iiffo I ncn An, ib-si prnn ^ w m ^ n t t t c w cn 'wisscns arabistov, nem s cnfnnmn itsSi f., f . iii-A^; (8) I. N.
mnn i^Jstown nfnnt S c g n wnt AtntCA, iAlc^ U Vinnikov, Araby v SSSR, Sovetskaya
'wtn%5ifnnncwt ftnten nnt ^nrcA i ^ s >9t ntnn n ^ R^ etnografiya i!8o f., ntmt 8, v s - A A ; (ff) D. N. Logofet
nc^ftA ntfwnt ntn i tAtn wtnn n n n f f ntnnnfCA Sf%f5t Bukherskoe Khanstvo pod russkim
n t m t n f A I mtnt fftc ncn A S , a t s^t^^ nfncncnn ncm protektoratom, i f . , iJsio (to) Bol'shaya
f t f w Aontn tnten nftntcAi '^t 'mtnnenn wtnt a w f t Sovetkaya Entsiklopediya^, A t . , ffSsV i
cnentncSffn Snwtnt Ate f f t i fw? ( n i ^ f e n n n w t ) ."wtsfn ( f ) wtnt i ( i ) Burykina and Iznaylova as
awft m f n mntn nfttw ^ wietfswa: ttsicA i nmaPtstn above; A G. V. Ceret'eli. K kharakterisstike
"wtsf rnntn, ann fw 'Itft "wtsf ttrnfCAs s ^ mfei AtsicA, yazyka sredneazintskikh arabov. Trudy
wtntn ^s j s wttf^twwtcn ^ (mnm) tAtew w t f w i ^ m n t vtoroy sessii assotsiatsii arabistov, nem s
fnf%3^, wtn j AtntCA S.- \ (wtfnw n t f f m ) - a n f m m cnfnnarm i S s S i f . , ^. i^^^s-8^r; ( o ) >^ cnnw, IVIaterlaly
^ H ^ M ) AtsiCA, - ( e m n ) f s f t osttnfnmS^tfswAS (fn^ssteas dlya izuceniya arabskikh dialektov Sredney
nrtn) I . f f w s n (assimilation), w n f p t t f n m s n Azli, Zap, Insituta Vostokvedeniya Akademii
(inversion) s n f e n t t (elision) m n t wnt AS i n^ssn Nauk SSSR, i{oS> %, % Aff8-VM>; (8) Zarubin.
ftftnms n s m m n f f c n mneminn f s f t ntm A S (csnn stm An Spisok narodnostey SSSR, iSAn f . ; (ff) N. B.
c s f t n Snwtmn) i Stwmtncnn awftew w m f . ^ s n n Arkhipov, Sredneaziatskie respubliki^, cnftnmn
(imperfect tense)-an c ^ mmn ê (^) cmt wm AS iSsOo f. I
( t m fw t s t f m f n f m ^s f n n f n "wtnfn' nft n t f m ntmn
B. Spuler (E.I.2)/ mnwm w m n ^ CAtnltn
n^n?) I SHsnt nsnw f f f wtntn sfwtesn.wn i wessfn mntn
8 I fsmcn wtnnenn mstmnf
(csnn fntwn w i l n ) n w t sfwr^ wfwtsessn fentn awft f b A f *
ib-/toM>{9 nenn cten fnfnm fmnn %rtcis aw 'wnn ennmtftfs
AS ( f . f n f n "wtsfn fnwm) i ' " J , L S " t n t t m s t nmnw fem f n
w t f f ^ AS I wtArm f f n n w n wfnew ^n^ wes i A O
(auxiliary verb) ftnlcs mSA AS (tAts Atslffn fS
ntf"Sm-wt^^nm, Ao/Si afsm,to8iwtften m f f s A t n aw
wftw [ fWite) I j x ^ - a n emm jjCî (wtmn)
nf%nat I tm.mm f f n f n amwtew, w m s nftwwten nfnew cnen,
nt j l (wtn) mew i fnctm' {^î) fenn S f n J J L J An m, win
Smn wtfnn wmmftew n m n t f n t m n Atew mfts wfsm enm
n^ssn msw fnctm fenn cnen j ^ m ci.if?PAn ^ r n n t m t AS I wtenwwtf^m wmrs stfwems m m t m nftef^, f f f wttm
f i f n ^ n w fnetenm c ^ ) , wtnm w^ n f s s n n m fes w t w n f n ssfse mm A S I ntnfnwmes m ^ wfsen cnm
j . u ^ ) - a n msmn wmfst cnm rnn i "wtnf wtewn nnen w t # w nm, wfmn ftsmmeASnte^ nftw nftstfttw s t m f i n ; n n f
wtews nrnms mn f n t f f n t ^ AtsiCA i m w j f k n n fnnn nftwfa wtasmenn n ^ n s tAiew f f r m m fln i ^t nnnwm
w f f n n f f w sftstcA, ^ te^-wtffcnn mn-mwm est m f s t m wenwft fTtfmtenn fnff f f m n ^nA i ^'sfnew 'wrsn
ffnrcA (ennn . ...i-^ w t iftcia?m)i mnmn mr m n m e ^ cn-tisiftf^ mmmenn mnfnwwten fAtenn fCA ws^tens
fnnn s Semm, w f , fnenn i t w i s m n ^ t e t enfnftw n n n nsnntcsn wtent cnm m n i mmew wtm rnn, t m mnn
(Semitic), t s t f f msm cnf^, wmt>s wmts S f f % "wmfn srmmfnfn wfîs mm nm Atsifin wtm f s s f f n t n s wn tte
fiimncnmnm i n f w wm Atsifin i a f t t t e w n t f f t w w m t t e w cnm
a t ^ t # 8 i^fwAtfnw s ( i ) M. S. Andreev, Izvestiya nm, awft f n f S s j s t . n t f t f cnetn wicn stent wfnceA-
Turkest, otdela, Russk, geogr, ob-va, iJsAS f., f . n^mft w m m f t s . f m f w w cnmnn I fnnen f n nenn S w m
iAto-on; ( A ) N. Burykina s IVI. Izmaylova, amwm wtmenn nftw b f n s i c A f f enfntftf i watft enmnen
Nekotorye dannye po yazyku arabov klshlaka w m entswm nsf sifwwtfenn n n nftstcA i '^^nn w m
Dzugary Buklarskogo okruga 1 klshlaka f w f n enm stew ntftf i tmens wwwefnn nftw "wrsf
Dzeynau Kashkadar inskogo okruga Uzbekskoy w f n m s nftmcA i f f f i^t- n w n n m f m s r s f t n f t w f f t w
SSR, Zap. KoUegli Vostokovedov, 1931, 527-49; w m n f f p sftmwenn w ^ ^ m m e w , w i m s t e n s t m n w r
(o) S. L. Volin, K istorii sredneaziatskikh cn, *wmn nnn n r s w f n t m n ^ f m f f n w f t flenn i a t
t n m f ft'Sesnn
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-wtn-'wims
isatmra tRsnttt I a t atnw wmt *(f?I

T s r a t atf-f^t >s f ftsne^ n t t r m f stenâ n n n w r s n t t w e t ^ wtstenn
nte ftft, cnftnmt 'wtnn cnntntftfn stntn w t t fln nt i nttrtfnwr tin i
"wtnn tffn-'win'-tntntn ttew ntffw ntftfn ^ t n t stntnw at w t n n t t gt m m f n wfnw w m wtmenn f n cttcan f %
f n n f n flenn, tmenn stm nwent fln "wmsw emean i nsn wen, wmsnm 'a ffwict-n nntfne^Fcan wfnwttt nntftsten
fnwtw-an ewmnfesn ntn Atet fntt nm, wfnwttt n n fln f nrf^ ntenn t e s t ettatnentw fwtffw t n f n Seat cnm
t n t n t f 1 wmm ^ntn >s ntfn cmm stew ntfttw 'Snmnns nra I t A t t tin wmn wtfwwtemn Smft i mfeftw w t f t t t ^me
fln I a ^ entaw fln niinnif ntewn smniilîi w t t , tsmt f ^ f n esffn f n f n n ftnten t f t t f f w st i wtmss wtmsâ fln
t n t n f m fe^ fnnenns ntftmt f w n ? enntntitfew entnmn wen i S5ws nsfnm wfnm i itss-ff/irtsi, nen ntnftw awft Rstswif
"wtnn enrmenn nnfs;. fnffnw nttn mm nra ie,ooo i nen sn ntan w^rtwwnw n t m ^ e w stmt mâm nfs, 'wmn cttanfeAs
tm n e # 5 nttrt i tf^ wmra att stsn t i n cn, awwn nwmn fnw fnm nc=ftswnw
fnwenn t n "wmntt wtmenn fnw? etteajt nftm nm, a t w t f n tnstesn fssn:^ wtAtm mtmen w t f n wtnew mfnw, est
nrttten fnwtw-an ewm^fnn ntn êw wenw fw^ wtm nm i st^ fsstes W f t ens cw fmsAt etttf 'wtnnenn n n m nftm cnâm
Strtn wm K n nn:w 'wtsntetn ewm ^ tftwitm fln fwm i T^ntCA I n ^ f n en, on/isn t w t f e w efetffnw w t t t n f s w
tm '^wlt fnensnm fnnn ne51 mnfnw m f s f nt^neroi wlwmw S t n r a ettafsw Stmenn f R afAt wcs i at f c n s nmftsfs.
egfew t f t t w stmfin i en%t ewm^s nrtssew wtmenn w^^ nntetnn fnmm n f t n ; atfn ^ c w ftenn nm ^ e w f f w
wm s t w m I wtmn >^ en%nn nft fntcss m i cnet f f t SttnfnnfA msm mn i
wfnsis;t m w#t>s wtmenn wm fnlnn; fln i cnntntttf w n ^ wtnw on/Sin t w t f n 'owus ntAtm wtfnn w f s n r f tin fnwten
fmmw, wfenwwtfgm fnmmtn Stfcn wnf^ fnfw^ ntttn f n f n n t t stmnw wtsmtt i ^mmm nfnm nfnrn f n e w s n a n n
nem nftetn nnfmes f % (Nubian) fme i a t n w n wtew ftf^ csnn n n w i f m f f e w m nnstwm nmnfcn i
cnntnenn tnm nttrm nftw ttmn wfnmn n w w t r t w fwf% "wtsntt f f s f m m f e w n f t anrwm f f g t f nnen ni tin i
wrmenn me m t i wen cnmnn'sftTcw mew ntcmt n f nttrw t n s f wten nmtnw n t f t f ^ e w wtAtenn wtmff Amn w m t
fwn tnfnw mm nttrt f t % wm st i wmt so/^too n n ste sften fsinif ens 'a ten f f e n n mm i 'wtnstt w t n nsnw
iAooo tnfnw cwt 'Sf wtcnwwtf%ntet stemwn s t w i n t ^ mmtsen wtstenn f f f f n e n n c t m n s mnen fffnm nra i ntstt
^f^SesfCttnmnn cttcan fwRcwnttttw fln i stfwtt cttcan A ^ , nnn 's^c tses wm wtmens Scat cnm sm m i wftw^
nnmtt ntw m ntwe^ t t t t nen f n w ^ fln, siRft ttttnn t m n t f n w n t n f m w m wsn ^ ^ t t f f t ntw wcs i tms stmt m s m
t t w awwn tmw (Syndic) mm, f w f t wtmenn enwn atAt nra WtAtenn fnwt ^cw nnsnesn mmw m ffnwesn mft ^cw i
n5fnet w m awwn wtfn wfmmen t n t f n e n n wtwtmn nnn atmen wtmrn f t f n wnnnlln nft tnftm nra, a t ctent^tt
tfnmnm wfnen i stwrs, cwten awwn wfstf etta^fn tfnnfn on/ isn t w t f n sftnes f|n stmnw f n t n n i wrsm w f t t t
nsfnw antfwn wm fnftn^ wfnw i (Copts) "anmt e n f 'wtnf wtm nrnsm wtnew ttew i
ios./nAn ncn fnnenn w < nwwenn f n n ^ wmn fnnffnw ennmtftfs wfnwttt tin f f n t f n i wtmm wtfnn w f n n r f
awft - s n ^ f f wttew fttsisn (Bilbais) wtsen fnnffnw wwntnnwtft (fsrtwn) 'wrsntetn nttssenn m f w r f f f e w
wean I wmt tstcnn nttrt cn fwn mmn nfnm Staffs ststCA ttftwnti
wtmew ntf 'a f ^ s ws^ nfnm nen sn i wmntt S mnw wneten AiSi/iros nen n r t n ^^nm ettancsn wenwft n n
ftnten fnwtf - f n f n nira mwtme wttstAt wfnntfin i nsnw n f f antwra ftemA wen i wtAtcnsew nACwt âw?f wm A S i
tsjm mnfnw wn ^tscts mm tin; wmt enwn wtftwm tmenn mn WtAtenn wfnwtess wm ewm f i a t n t t i 'wrsntt tnnenn
cnm nra i atstt tnmnttrt ffltn wwwst stemwn cnm ftstfit tfwAten ntsnm wtfff A S I mm etian^ ^ t m mffw, mmnn
ion/nAff nen ntnftw sttn w f f w (Copts) fnegtesn wen i f n e n s n^ wwrmâ wtAtenn wtmss wtmsâ nem nftm ftstfln i
wienwwtim tnSstcwG (Patriarchate)-an f f n i^fwAtfttw n^twten wtmennew f f m f s . c n n m n ftnten nttttw w s t w ,
tmn nfnt sine^fttf^tme^,"awft ctta fnneng f n nn^ffne tin csnn Tfcnwmtetn mfncmsm (Demietta) wnwnt wtcn i
nfcsttfcn tnfntnn'sf'nfcnn n m n f "Sten I tstm tin fnftm f s n f nssnnnfA wtmcnn f s n ^ wn wtmcnn w m w t m wtAtenn
"wrsn men tfnfsw c a t stwttwft t t e w nen An, n^mft a t n f T f t s n n n w s m w m mm stemt wff; mm s t m f i n i
mntm Stn f f % w cn, ^^rfn fnt^ntt nnst wnnnftn nem msmtwfcn a t n w n fln tiRfnw wfwmn i
t n n t f ffsewm
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tttt'Wf w t t - f f f tUHWfl? f g f i w r?i fft/i i f f f i f cs t t f ffeww ?ft?f v & i w f f t f , f i s t t r a wr? ? f t t f ? r f r w f a t

vs t t f f t t t t cttafct? t t t i t f %i?e? f c t I tn t t ^ t f t T t f t C f ? t ? f f t j f i t I t f f f f t r g f r t f t t trte ftf
f w t w f t t f t w t n w t s f i ? t i ^ w t 3 w t t fcf-i t n ^ f t c f p f t e t rtcH I W f t t f w t f ? t t w r t e t ? e f f?r| ff?e t f t t t f f t
t t Ct,'W?t f f f f ttc W f a f t t c t f t t iSS! 'frtCR t f t t t e t f i F f t fffc t t t r r ? i f f r r ^ t r r c t ? f f f t f R f f f t t
ftte?? f w t ? attft?! f ? t f t t f t f ? W f f f t f f f f t f?1? C5tt cttftitftfe I
ffi?tf%T I ctftt? f t t t t t f t f t f ^ ?s?r? wtt ctft cttwtet? tfr
t t f f f f w t t t t i f s f t 5?t w f i I l i ^ f Wftt? f ? t t?i c?, w ? ? f t c?Rttftf cRtfw? t i i i t ? i t ? t 1 1 ? ? , w r t ? t r f i f ,
fftc?? t?^fffc f f i t t t f s t c t f t t e t ? t t t t f f i t f i t ffo,ooo I W f f t f -a w r f t f - W R ? tesft wtfffftlct? t f f f f f f f f ? f f f
staffs (i) t f t ' W f ? f f t - r T f f t , f f A ? , fff?, t f t . c t t f I t r t f t f t r a t f ? 'wtttft-"wtf? (fefe-ioi/HiH-Ao)-a?
Torrey; (A) ff=f, f t f fff?, tff. Guest; (o) t f f i f f , fftffrftt rtcvat f t f f t f f i f f e tt??t?ttcf tfrwft
ff-f-, ff^ ts. -a Institut Frshcais, tt; ( 8 ) f t t f Tfftf, ftfe t t c f ? I ?fff?rv3 w f t f t f l e t t i w r t e t ? wtft f i t t = f t ,
f f r t t t f t - W t T ? f f T f f f t f t fT?Ttftt-'Wf?T?; (ff) t ^ ?tf?t tit f t ctcf t f f t RtC5? I
Quatremere, Memoire sur les tribus arabes a t t ? "wttt fAffw? attwtett ? f f t t f f f l e t ? i c? t f t
etablies en Egypte., Memolres geographiques et f r e ? ? wttttrrsf f t r t e t ? w f f t t e t t f i t , c t t f f f t f i t
historiques sur 1, Egypte, tff. -a Wf. II, G. Wiet; (fe) Wl??f?e?? (Arabisation) - C f ^ I f f c w w f c t ? f f f f t c r
G. Wiet, Precis d' Histoire d' Egypte, II; (s) Cttf, f f W f fftrtRt vs t t t w e t f R S ffwt? t t t r e t , w ? ?twte?
Histoire de la Nation Egyptienne, vol. iv; (V) t f ? f f t t f f f CttffC?tf vg w f b f f f f R R C f ? f f f f c A f ' W ? f ftt
tttft I t t t i c t ? tft a f c a t fr?ffe vs w e f f f c f ffwt? t r s f c ? i
G. Wiet (E.1.2) vslftSBjt CAltlt? a t trtfte? wit-ft??tvs?t? a f ' s ? ^ f f f f f t t f t t ? f c ? i et
t f f t f t t ? w t n t j ctttfttfet w t f f c t t t t t f t f ? f t t t t f f f f
i ^ ^ W ^ F f t t * W t t c i i t t f t t ? f t 8 Al/fe8H t t r t c C t t
wfftttvs f f f attfTH ft? tfwt? ftfe t w t A? i
t f t "w?? f ^ wt&ff? f c t f ff??fc? frt?t f c 3 f ? trt
c?t f t t i f t wtawet? f t t f f t ? f i t 'wr^ w f f t t t ?
f f f t f t t W5TW f?ir t n f f ? I ftwtt ^ c f f c t c t t ro,ooo
(Immigration), f r f f t t t t t e t ? ffw? vs W r t ? fttft rte
cttit f f ? t t ? f c ? f wtnef? f f f t w t t t ctftff1ttc? f r t
t f f w s a f i t I a t TTsgt f f f f t R f i t a t w t a ^ t w t f -
ff?c fff? I trt?t f f f f j f cftca? f i t I f f f f t cftca? ctfit?t f ^
f r t f f f t f t vs ?T?ttf? t f f r t e t w r t e t ? f t f t t a t fe??
Wrtet? f f w f tftte?? w f ? I t r t e t ? ffffft f ? f r ? f f t f
tjtftca I a t ftffc?? f f t t f f f t k t f ^ tfs?if % e t / i i f f t f ?
c t H H i f t f rte ffftfb f f t f ? t e t ? ttrtetr i f f t f f f ffte?
ttjfet t t t n w t f f w f t f ? ? f f f f cttczt? w f f ? w t t - ^ ^ - a ?
wftf?aft f i t f ? ^c wtaRt, CWCf ? t ? l t f?f? w f t f t ?
tfr ff?c?fe w t f f f f t r t ? wtf?rsi ftfff t f f f t ? Rct r ?
t t f f a t t ? wta=tt f f f r f t ^ ?t I a t w f t f f ? ftsft t ? ?
(attte? f e a t ! ct, t t f r t w t t t ftfff tftt wt-ftwtftf?
tfft'-a? tetr ctff t t ? , t f ? ffo/feso tct wt-f itfU-attet ( f )
t t c t t t f f f f f f f t t t fffc?) 1 w i R - f t w t f f ? fn? t f
f t f t f f f ? f c t ? I a t ctw? ^ vg t t ? t r ? t t f f f ft??tv8?it
W t - t l ^ f ? f ? t t e f tfegff ?lC'Si3? R * c i wt?? f f t t t t f t c f cf?t
wftfte?? f c t cttfe? f? '2t?Ttt Cfft A t t I t? rtet
fc?? I trt?t v^ t t e ? f t tet? f f f c ? f f f f ? f f f ? ffftt w?fH
w a R t t t f e t ? c? cff? ?f < f c t ? t t f t r , c? cfT^ra ?t??t?
f f f e f f I f f Atc\t f f t t f ? t r?i ct, trt?f c t t t f t f r ?
ffcftr-a c t f w e ? ? f f ^ f f c q ? ct cfl?vs ft f t f ? f f t e w ft
fftr a t t f t w ? f f f e t c i t s f t w r t e t ? t Ate? j
c t t t f t f t f ? w t t t tftc t t c f I ferfr, f ? rte w?ff
<ifrf Cf w?v8 f f t f t f f ? t I ftf?TreiT? w t e t fff? t t f t f ^c ? f f f t t t t t f f t t f P e t l f f f f w t f f f t (Wtft?-._.^>::)
fff^ tt ( W f f ) Ate tt'jf CtTfWtCt? t t f f ff^ f f t r t t t ?5e? I t r t ? f c ? t Wfct? ?ff f f t t I a t cfia?e?? tett
c?fwctf'sft? a f t t f f w f t t f f t t f i t ; 'w?? Ate t t f t f t t t t ? t flet? t r t c t ? fc?? f ? f 3 R tftf? tt? t t t t I ff^Fftf
^ t f t f e t ? f i t t r t ? i t f r t f e ? I 'w??rfct? f r ? t f f e t f f f t c t ? ftt?-a? R t t j c t t f f t flet? efface?? tetr c t f t f a i f? ctrst
tft ftff Attic? ?t trtet? f t f f f f f ^ r t t t e ? ftrtte?? f c ? t t w c t t t f t t f f f 1 a t f t cttea? f f f t t t r ^ f f f t r s

Wfftff M f f t t (Militia) i ftCWW CtHMlftf? a t t f t t?v8 cttte? tttr?? f i t I t r r r ftw? ?5c? ctettfcttftr?
w t f t t f f f t t t ?rt ff? ctt?fittcBTtrtc'i? "^yetcf trt?t ff? i f w R a t t f t ? t f t f t t ? t?^ a t t f t ? I WAtet? nf?f5^st? f f t f
f?fw ctcf? f r ? f f c tAiet?cf tt f f ? t t c t v s - m ^?t i t f f f t ( t ) - a ^ t t f t f t c t t f ? t ? t t c 5 I f t t ? T t t t >s w r t e t ?
ttwf-fffewt
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wH-'wmR I'M*
cKns c n f * w w r f t t tmcnncw fSwntcw? w m t # 9m ntm a t mgnmetn wen ntnmtss nns} w f f t w fttf stm ms 1
AH I tATcnn fSwntw sRo w t t t f ) f <fntftcnn ^ t n i 8</ion a t ms ftnw ntntnntt Itnwtts WtAtenn Ssn w i & f f s f t c Q rnn
t w r f e w tAtm n t n n t f RctjtcA mt.tsrAt nsjn i v i l ^ f t%Pt wftw, tAm nft: WtAtm cmt wtsn w f s t t niAtfs f t 3 1 cnttcn
wm-wtfn WtAtenn a t wmtn wnwttnwt w t nsenn (otov/s>nbr) WtAtm tnt wten ntfnmnbfnm ntt 1 wtmenn St^ w m f w n
ant ^ tncgtcAS n n f w 'wtnnttcw tnnenn Swtn anrwtn sftnt rnntffn wtAim cnmen 'Jlwm nt < "flt f t mlnw atwjrmnenn
mtew m m nsenn i cntmn ^tet ^mAim t w f l w m w n wntn* (Migration) ^ afftjs wtmn wfAfcnn wTcsn t t f l n , wtmrn
Sem?nntmwen i n ^ ftnten w m n n t f ct^n mfenn fnw5 stew ws mft wfnw 1
cnt WtAtens sftn tntenn ntftf-ntmtn aftn n t n ^ niai ^scsn "îft ntfttmens fnwt ^stc wtsfm tw'wt' (g.) w t m ftmrm
- f f mwT wm-wtnmmen c f % t tAtn t w n nStn, w t n n t f wn wtmn wfnw, a t ctenr^ wn wtmess wm wtAtcns Stst t i n 1
ttntenn n n f e t ^ t f f t t f t ctta t i n ftntA, t m m twSfnftrmn a t n w n aftsj c n % cwatnm ntnms #nenn nttw nftiwtcn
n n f f t wftnnn wftntfin \ wfn fntnew mmf (5.) s mn (5.) nsfiis tin I mmm mmfnwm^ w t n f mm atmcs aw fA.ffnwf
ntewj S t f w AS wt^ctwtn 1 *wr?inenn a t mgnmctn cnt f t m mmn wes 1 Stmrnn nem f t m n , f^nnn, n n f f n a t f t atmn
toi/iAt t w r f e s n ^ w m n m wtm w t m - t # f wim wftntesn 1 Sfwifwnfess wnntenn'mfwj atns ftfs wm nm nfnm nen
at ntntnetn A r m f t t w m w t Atew tman w m A s I ftttwtenntnstnenn 'wmfnwsetn m?? mm "wtnnenn
wm-tnwmrcw #rm mn, wm nntm ntnmntt smn-an nn^fn ninntlfwnetn mtttstt's ftnten wtfnw A S i tmst wfw fln
wf%fct t n m f ^ AS I f s s m f n g j - f f ^ fstfwntetn 1nfa i f t w ^ f t f mftim s wttnn
f w n f w n wtwntnwff nn c^tmn wim t n n f f wten *wtnnenn wfsntfcnn # n n m t n afttff wnnênn iSFnnnnm amtm 1
a m m msmtnw An wm wtmcnn f t n t w mSns tfnnRw as i mnt *r^tSf8 (i) tsn t t n f n , tsm, m m . de Slane, ^ tea,
t w r f t Atew wtn^ a t n w n w w j t t n n w f f n nem n f t e t n fJtfnn ib-sn-ffi %, Wf. de Slane (Histoire des
n ^ f f t i n n t f .^^ptnn, tAtm Rettftwffnm ?tew wttnntfAn 1 Berberes), 8 tea, wtnfwnpf ib-ffA-eto f.; (A) t f f n - w f f t n ,
af ten'tAtens t n f t i n w t e f f n w R n m w t f wtntfetn n t t s 1 Wf. Fagnan; (o) m*wsf, f m n n , Wf. G. Wiet, nnnem
w m t n tAtm t m f ^ t n wen n t f t i f t s j i s n f t w , ntAtm i&on f.; (8) f t w i f fnsm, Wf. Roussesu, JA, 1852, ii,
wm-fntfnwttew (1:^1 j i i ) f n n m w w r f n wfnew cstt wen 1 1853, 1; (a) tfftff, w m - m f f n n ; (*) Fournel, .Les
wtmrn A t w f t e t n cmmew fnwennew fnemfww wes 1 A t w ^ f t Berbers, ^ tea, frtfsn ibenne f.; ( n ) Carette,
( ^ ^ i ^ j j t j ) f l n twftwntew wm-f'sntAfAn t t n w 1 tAim n t f Recherehes sur les origines et les migrations des
f m n e n s wfnmt ftfW wftm-cnn 1 a t m e n twffwntew n t f tribus de l,Afrlque septentrionale (Exploration
f t i s ^ n A "winntt msfetnn nttjtfnw t f ^ t t f t ftnten fnmnm scientifique de l,Algerie ) , tJtfsn ibeo f.; ( b )
ttew 1 wrmn a t t w f t R m t t i n s t f ftmenn wfwfw attn Carette and Wamier, Notice sur la division
f f n t a I t n n t t n f n ntmew w f n f n n s t n f m nten wfwftw territorlale de 1,Algerie. Tableau des
wtsnten WtAt Ate S ^ wil^wis cwm w t t t f % f t f ntt 1 Etabllssements francais, 1844-45 and the 1846
' f f % n f f wfwntenn w ^ mmfnw w m t n f A f l n n m t w t t w ^ map; (J>) Nomenclature et repartition des tribus
w n f s f w ^5tenn n m n , f t f ntfmntenn nrnmenn w m f f n s m m n , de la Tunisie, Chalon-sur Saone, 1900; (io) A.
n n n t t w ^ w f f n t t e w mm atmn ant w f w t n Stwtfwn-cnnn Bernard and N. Lacroix, L'evolution du
nf^n nnems ntfwn Stwifw - n ^ f f n n ff%n ftnt ^ e w wsmn nomadlsme, Algiers-Paris 1906; (ii) E. Mercier.
A^sm I a t n w n wtnetn nftw t f ^ f f ( m t i n f ) t m w t e t n mttw Comment I'Afrique Septentrionale a etc
wnnttrt "im^nt cmt wm atemwn 1 a t ^mt^nt wtmrn fnewenn arabisee, wmSl^ttn ibns f.; (iA) G. Marcais, Les
a m w m t wftntflenn cnt n n 'wmn nenn ntAtenn nAcntffwm Arabes en Berberie du xl' au xIV Siecle,
S t n WtAtm ftetnwien fnon wftesn 1 SntASt fAnten Seat wm Wff^ltn-fltfsn i5io f.; (io) ^ cntw, Le Berberie
nm, wtn f s n t A l t n wm-ntnfn wwwffvo/iibrnmen twftfwmn musulmane et lOrient au moyen age, tjtftn i&8to
SfwtfwQfnew ttnrsfnwwnt 1 t f t cmen tAtcnscw rnnms wnm f.; ( i 8 ) W. Marcais, Comment I'Afrique du Nord
Se^fct nne^tew wf&ntfêwn ftwtmff cnt nunwin aete arabisee, AIEO, i!ob f . i
cmwnnfefnairssnfAtAtennewmn w l n n i f ^ ^ 1 G. Marcais (E.I.2)/mnwm w f w f ^ CAPnttn
t n n t f fwjicwm
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Contents
w e t f wftttf f f t f t w^ct? WW ttwipf >s wtrtw f f tAC?

^tfw w? 1 t t e t ? t t , ffctt ? 3 t f e ^ w t t t f ? W R cttt?
'^MK^f g c w r f % , 'wrat?%) tMfem
t t w t W5JW f f t tl? iiAiw?f?f tAC? b i f f wcw? t ? f l f
(Maletene) smm a f t csmT t f ? , t f ^ - ^ rtc i A o o
w f f c t tttffe?? WWCf f t f f f Ate wfff? eg? te? ffte
f f B H f r ^ , f t t w t f r t c w AA f t s M f t t t t f C ? a f t attw t f C f I f c t wtft? t f t f o C t ? fttff f f t tf? I w t f c w f f w ? fft^
f t w w t wtff I w t t l t % t f atsft wi?tm f f f s aiiww a t cww? wft?Tfef? wt? 'wtrtfe?? wftttfttt-s wtr t f w ?
f wsTttlt ^ f f m ? I a t t f f t ftr t f t w t f t c f wtf| f c t C t f t t i w t c t ? f t f t f f wt3t, a t t f t wtetifw t f w tfw
f t t f t f t ? w w f ^ I t t j f i t t "w?? f t w t wffwtwjcA? t t e t a t cftc? I awTtcf>s f c t f w ? ffffs t r f t ( c t t t f f w t f f f f
t A ? f t t w t t " ^ I W ? C t f t t e t t f t f t t w 'WWtft W W wte? fttrr t j f ^ f f f w t f t ttw ) a t wtset wftw
t f t f & a t t W t w f t a f t t t t a t f S , t W l f Arabakes C t t t fffttflctt I tAC? WttttiT 'Q tAt? w t t e f t t w c f ct fftfg
Attte? I ctCAf tAtt f f t f?t WsjW f t t , tAt t t f t t ttwct? w w>sw w? c f t f t ? t e w t t ^ wt? f W wt3? ?ftr?f tc?
f t c t t f f?t I f f f fiftft f : t ttft? w t t t f t tftit f i t ctt A? I cttt iAAfe ft. t t e t Ainsworthy-a? ?f?r5fc a t
t ^ tr f?t f??t w m f f f t r i atrftt wwtfw Ate tAC?? b-ooo "wftttf? tcw feooo f i t WlCff ?, f f f tAt? ?5e?t5
t?WWtff t e t tttw wet a f t t f t ? f i t i t c t f ? (ff-fe, A O ) ?R? fe? te?W f f t I R OStWc?R J . Brant ? f f f fftwflet?,
tf?tfWe? tw? t w f f t R t ^ t w t , foWe? c?ttc? "WWtf? 'wt?itf?-a feooo W f j A fit, wtietf 8b-oott f i t ftttfe??
Rtff, t s ? t ^ c t t fte? 'SRff f i t I Antonins-a? att i A o o t t t ^ w t c f f t c f ? I at f^Ttft. t t ^ t t e t t^tctr??
a t t f t f t f c ct Dascusa t T t f f t t f t ? f c f t ?tt?fe?, f W s t t t r t t t ^ tCA I iVfeV Taylor fffWC??, 'WtW?fc??
a t a W f t ? w?ff f i t I f ? t s t f w f t t t f ? ftft? f i t I w t t t t r t f t f a t WW? I tfsf ib-feo % V . Cuinet ffW f C ? ? ,
Sftft 'w?? f c t t t f t f t e t ? ?<%!? "Wtftf? ttet? fegt w^stt ?i? tAt? ctft w t t t t t t f f t Attte?? tctt att? Atw? f t f t t b-ôo
W I t f f t t ? f f t f w t f f ^ Wft' WWWA (Vb-o/iAb-i) otttftt? wtc^f? I f t f t t t tif? c t t t f c f f f ?affi (ftett
wet? f f C f ?f&, tWf. Houtsma, Wtc? iSsoA f )-a? W f t t Rtet wffft ?3) t t i f f t tbft f i t I 'wf?f?f?-a t p
f c t f ffe? a t Wtft? f e a t Cftf w? I t t i f c t a t tA?ft f W f ttff?R??WAflRa?ttAtetttf|e?ffww?flt I a t
t w a w W e t f ? , t t t f W t t f f ? tfRfCf? w f c ? wcf i f f f R f t ?ltie?? tetr ffft^ flet? t t w t w t f f f f w f t o f t a f t c?tt
c t t f i c t 'w??tt t w w ? f c ? I W W ? a f t f t t w f ? ctet? t t w c f ? f t t f w t t f w f f f f i t I f f ?5, f t , t t f t w t f
ffCf W R f f t t tw? f t t w ? t t e f , t t 3 f t t w f ? t t t f f C f t f w t f wfr? t T f W f t r f tt?w? ww^vs ftt i f f f
W t f R ? tttct? w?WR ^ e t a t tA?tt f f t t f e f ? t r t w f t ifeis-ifeiv w e t t t t ftfgei? t t ? a t t A f f t f c t f i t t r r s i f
A t t t t c f I RWtw? f t f f ? trtfttw? " w a t f ? ftt let it fttfc?? t f f t ^?t t c f 1 W R tAC?? ff^ w t t ? w t f f m
f>swt-a? a f t t c f c t ? ( W t w f f ) t f ? f i t i iAffo/ i\r^8 w e t Atw W? I tAT^ t t t l wttt f f f ? f l f e f t i w t f t w A? att
wttfw-c a f t t t?w?tc? ?rsttff f t f f ^ c t ^w?t?f? tAt? c t f ? w t WtsR f t t ^?fl W? I ctt? t t ? "Wftttf? f t f ?
f t f c t ? wwf A t I t t w f iA<A ttet Wfttf'Rr'wftef fftt? ftfwt setr? WW ^ t ^ t 5 R f i t I f f f w c f ? tstttr? fffwc f ^
W f ? Ate f t f f f t w a f i t ftwet f t t ? f W A t e t tAC? t f w c ? WT?t? f ^ f f ? t w t CfW tt? I ifeOff f f C R ?
'W?t?f?-cf tAt? f W A? a t t iAife/ib-iv ttet f i t f t W f t e t l f Wftle? tAl? w t t t t r t f ^ f e V i o I tA?1t CSfW? feA
tw? a f t w t f t A? I tttctct f s ? ftf^< fff%e tWCf t t Wet? wt?t ifffeff ? f f f c w t f t t ? a?t t f c t f s w t t t t r t w?
wwtftf? tft f ^ f?t A? I f f f t f f w ftfR? ' W t t t f ? w f t f a t wwe?? wwwf? I b-fe ffCWfftt? f f a f f t t t w wwt
t A f f t ? fc? w?tf tct I f t f t t t t w f ? ttwcf wwfwTt? tn? tA'siltcf ( W f f t ) wtR-'wtfet? t t e t t t f ? ftfttc? i tAt? wfc?
a t tAC?? w f f t t f t t t a t f t ? ê f c t f ftctftftt? f r a wtff WWtfW tCfCt? w w t t f W?tf I t f i f t ftff f "SWt-Wltt^ht
f t t t f s ^ f f w t t f t f t t t fC? I f c t ttf?'Wl?1tf? t f f W f t t t f f >QWt-wwffw c ? t t t s f t a t tA?tt? trc^ fftft t t ? f c ? i
ftfc tftt A? a?t a t fte? f g t a f f t f s ? RA? ttfw fcJs i c t t w w tAt? ?T?ttf?f f ^ f f ? ti?w f f t t i t t l e ? I wtw f?l
C. Texier-a? C t t fte? t i t t N f C t t t At^ttlt i f f f t ?f?f tl?, 'W1?1?f? fAt? t f f ? W^SRJ W?I? tfftw tttc? I
fc??, 'wt?r?fe?? ctft w t t t t r t ? tl? w f f f i t f f w f atftf 8 ( i ) f f t f ? Cbtf, ftfAR-fW, t W l . t ? ? l f t , f . feA8;
w t f wc4f?' I aft3et? wftttftitt, f?et? wi?e5if?tt f f (A) W<3tfW C5Ctf, ffWATW ttWA (twt. WlARif WfWW), o
?a ??? r?t f f t f ffftA f f f I a t t t ? -^c t A ? "8 t1Wt3Ctt % , f . Aiff; (o) G. Le Strange. The Lands of the
t t t t f ffSCflt
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Contents
'"otiiiKwrftA 'WIS!? ttA
Eastern Caliphate. Cambridge i&off f., iiJs; ( 8 ) Paris 1 8 9 7 ; ( A ) E. Denison Ross, An Arabic
Ritter. Erdkunde. i o t . , <iJi>o-<i&S; (ff) E. Reclus, History of Gujrat, 2 vols, London 1910-28.
NouveUe Geographie Universelle, J t . , o i i ).; (to) E. Cemlli (E. 1.2) / cntAt^ CAtnttn
J. Brant. Joum. of the Royal Geogr. Society (ilrsto ^mrtfft (Aravalli) s t n w e s f , wmcws S t - f n t e s
^.), to 1., A o A 1..; ( 1 ) Van Moltke, Briefe uber >5wnft Atew fnff t f s s o o n t t n f n ^ i Sn>i Snnfcns fnwt
Zustande und Begebenheiten in der Turkei in 'o,(too-8,ooo f B , fnfm fnwt i,ooo f t ant wtfn fnwt nesf^
den Jahren 1 8 3 5 - 3 9 . Sitmt i V 8 i f., "j. ^<t% (y) W. f t t ' s s ^ t n ff,to8ff f t I nwnm tnwftew n^ f g Stwiwt
Ainsworth. Travels and Researches in Asia nftstcA I f f f n ttew tfnntft n f f w stm atten tm TM
Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia, wtf^ t m w t f t t w An I t n n f f e t âti<3 stm nwmn wtwm
London i V 8 A f., ^t., ff; (s) Taylor, Joum. of the nmn wes i tmew ^ ftntn nftmcA i f e s n nlt wmmff -a
Royal Geogr. Society, assf5 tscfft, sfsn iVtoV f.; Stesn 'snft ntesnttt men tfnfsw i a t t m êw n n s n R , nnn,
(io) Ch. Texier, Asia Mineure, f . ffVJs; ( i i ) V. f f ajwfw nff atmftw 1 nnm ftnen n f f t e t tnewn ttnenet
Cuinet, La Turquie d'Asie. ITtftn ib-Si %, At., tftmft.nf*w AS I tsm S t s t f f t fn^sftn i ftRf ttswj nfc
offV-otoS.; ( i A ) n f f S l f n - W l f t S ftnMf, ninnlillAf, i i o , f f e w s fnmtet nmt stnn-ttft ttew i t n , cwtmn, ntwm m n
StfnntSfoi at mn t m I nf^ttên R n S t w t f t n cmw tnewn men f n attm
M. Streck-F. Taeschner (ff.m.t.) / mn wen i mew mest w t t n cntt nm ant enttten nm -a fsmm
i). an. an. ntAffs nAnin fast ttew I tm tfnw m t e n n f ^ i cmsfcs msest -a w t w f e n wig,
W5 s csfnn ntf msim nm 1 t t f m t s n w t f wnSm m^rfnnm s
'wmrtf -JFtni^ (<(_xii j ^ ) s fttAtfftn wtA'ntn t n n
twnenn f f ^ i w t w f n fnfnntetn f f ^ ant S n n f s
'wtnfnn-wTfnn cntvst t w r f n f n f t n tftsfnnra answn ntnt
tfwAtnaifn^ n t n i
cntss I mmtnn w f t t f w t n t n wtA'ntn t n n t n n t f n n t w t f
mtm fwstcwm, i/AAff
( c n t t n - t f t - a f ^ naittn S t t f t ) Lebna Denghel-an ncnj
ntnftw f c fwft nif^twsTcn wtt^tAt nsenn i f n f n t n fwft '^MM ( t , i _ i ^ ^ ) s f f m n wtfn-'wtnsmWtAmn
ntntnff fnftn^ nscsn WtAtn f c s t fwft *wtnenn fttntcnn Sc>fct t f t f A i m n t s n "wtsm t t A ftAtffn wtf-fnmtff wm-mmft, w.
tff'sftnt Witt wftntfAcnn i wtAts *wtntn ' F t f ^ Stntenn mttit mfntew.iossA f., f . wtnentew i s f f o f., awwn *Âtfnw i
a t nsnt ntn, awwn Atnf ftnten fwft ftetnwten wtnff w t n t wtnfn nt-an # s f Cwtntf) nsrnn w m fnetnwten t i t R nt
fWf'Attc? WW ffcnn w t m wtnsent ^ e w wttw asswn Atfftn wesn I c n f t n t t est n n n w i m s w m t s n ntfntw n t n nstn wen
S t t f t (fnft ten wtnen stwrmfn wenn) i ^^cwn ctnttet fwft w t n wtms n n n f ^ nta rnn n t n n i w t s f s nt nnnw^new
WtAts n t n t t i t f t "fA'wtfn-ntntn' nten wfwft wftntesn, R f ft?t-fnwitcn fm?rs n f e a i eweg t f t t w wnm w m fnfww
tt'sftifnn nest ' f w ^ n - A t n t t ' (Atnttt fnwn) ntn ensnt '^ntcA i entnfesn^sfttftenn wtm wtrnm wmn est f R atAt wesn,
Sflrffw nfntft i f f o n fstenn n t n t t f t n w^ nnif% ncB i f w f w n f n t f wtsftonn f f m n tfnnm nnswe-H catff An i ^f^tten
f f c w n ctmtet f f w f t c w attn wtt ftnten nfnt wm^^mcA I ^ wttncnn wen wtsnm wtnnenn wenwwn cat f^Hcwn Cwtft
SAtn f ^ f f s w t t wtn's tt-am ntn n t t i nsnw ar^wtn wtAts t s n f s t m n wm->pwtf s f s i m n t s n f A t m n wm-wmtf) fnwB
nftwRo fnftn wtt w t n s fnfîew ttenn ntt i 'fÂ't-Atnttt-as' wtmens s wfnwn îtntf?tn wm wtsfcsn fttm matcwj mttw
nt3i cnt wenwft t t ^ f t f t ttsm ffntcA n n t n t ^ f ^ wtenn i nwesn f c m t t m i wtnfcsn f j m (isoa- f . ) t n wtms faens
wsTc5n tfwAten-a f f w f t S f w s wenw cwm n t e f t w i nem ntgtwi f f s ^ ? t m tRcn wtsnm afnene S^ntf fmrnn
^wntttn tfwAin wtwiU't-snttnA f s f w t f w i n snt wtfnft, in f A t m n t s n ntntfn-an cncatif fnfss An i wenw ntnn
w t n - S f t t t f t w f w "wtnff wmtn atfw i fwfts awwn *wran fnwtenn w f e n m f f wmn t n fwft w m t s n mfntew atjtnfn
iffwm, fnft entwt t w r f n f f f f s wnttet wtnew w t t n n wesn (RRwm i8AA-to f.) i wsfn fwft snnem t n n wesn;
wftmffenn i w t m f f i t ntnfw wtw-wtftn wtwmw (ttnnwm isov-ffo f.)
atft ^ s ( i ) Rene Basset, Histoire de la conquete wfAtew wmtttes fnc^t wesn i w m f n nt-an f^wnm m f f f s
de I'Abyssinie Cwinf t t t â Wfnm, wntft wmm), t c . fnf%g wfSsT tern ant w n a c s t t t t f ^ mwtnf^w w t t t n n?c^
t n n t f ffcwm
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Contents
mm mm
njRmownm wnRs t w g mt m m f f f l wtAin *fftf&w fte^ nftnwn i8t t w t f n fcn nsnftw^stmflni wmn ^ nnnwm f f
wf*fwt?.t c n f f i f h i mfen nft cnfttrntn f l n nfnm tnn Nsnmn wtnm 'wmntm mmn cwm n m n m s m mn m ans Codex
tTA w t n f f n&ffnnstn nnrwwfcn <&f%Affnw fstsi<i^ R^tnt Camanicus-an t t t f n s wiflH Sn wset wtntm t ^ f i AS
nsR n w An i at nnnen wtAtn o g i nsnf 'wiwitfn-nRsiin f f ( i o t t m f n wss^snA i s t twtfn atnn fnew) i wnsfnew i i t
nTsmtn wm^n' (wtn^n wtftfe fnînwn fnnf) afe^ (isoff f., t w r f n afPTtm m^ (mm wttmfs f n t f fmfww-ff wnm
nnt^) wtnfrnn ffsBt wfwmnnfeAS fwtfnw mffs f w t f s fnfttcf'G mntenn csnnftn n m n m^m nts m i
wnTntnn nnnntnrwn "sfnean win-n=n Sn f n n t f*itmm nfnt cfwAnwnwmen Sean wm.nra, mfnwnen: (ftr ntf"w
wm AtmcA I tmr cnt fcnn > s H - f n ^ s mmfww mm^
^tmt mm) sffwft w*!ftw ^ Snmnra'wmm mnft cwm m cwm
aifwwfnw -^m-^ I wrnirn sfc^ ncm wtmn awntfn Snwm nssJA
wtwfen f t A S I tmew at mmnn fttm nnffw A S cn, i o t
(wT^fAff'n-tnmn' m fwrwTATf'w-^nrwT') fnetnwten
twt%s fen at n w n Snwmt f m n n f f wrm ^te fsf^ stm
Seanemm i mAnrntenn wtnf^ men nfnfsw at ntmm nrtftn
wtfrnstcA I tme a t w c ' W f w w n f f w nwrfts f f t w A S
wmtn nnwif wren tsjs#cw wffnw Atstcs^ i
cn, mtenfnm, ftn, f ^ s m têmen atsfnw attRw Snwtnt^ft
msntfmêwm, i/Aibr
nnn rd f f ^ An mt I
'Î^KI "nf^ (g. mntfnnn) G. L. M. Clauson ( E . I.2)/fmnnfnsl>^ A W
(4-.ji) g ( i ) f f f t ^ wnm (wnm, w p t ) w f A I f w - c n t f n wftff nmaf^mn n v ^ n f f n s cn
"mnmft" w t m "nn^n mff" i f f n s f f t t w f % w atsftw aw (Steppe-^ f n f n w m f w aftn) wnsnt fln cwg, cstmen
f m w n mn^ten^ tmew frft w f f t ^ nfnm ncn An m I "wnf 'fffs fenn atm anms ^ mwt s nes f f t t (mfm m) fen atsftw
wnm n n f wimnsi t m n "ngmen f t i m n cwm mn srwnn mt i aw afsnn mffew nsentftr A S w*|ftw nnenn omrnn ntm f e n s
^"S^ntfenn wtnm tmn nsntM mmn f l n 'wmm mmn atnn wnm ntAtem ttm s t (A. G. Haudricourt and M. Jean
'wtnn ( ^ ) nfn nrf- spietf'wiAm wT\n-t f f f (t^Tfn Brunhes Delamarre, L'homme'et la charrue,
i>sib-)-cw t^rftn f i t f f f s r ^ stmn wfnew ffm at sHi'titcw mtffn i;ffff f., f . i n o ) i (?stm ^c mffftn nrnAm fm\3
fnmn^nmen mn ntn f f w n ftnnnR|w (Solecism) nftm n f m t ^ n at ^^fnew ^fttm m f i wnmmnenn tfwAten,
wfnmc^ I fiffsne^ tmt wfnwwn n ^ ntmn i t f t n ajwnn ftctn wfnm cmsm ntstewm nnen at m f sft a f t ' s n ^ f f
nftwwten mrmr wm AtstCA f n m n t A f mn ( i v t tww)-an ffnsn mnn wen i
m t n m n - a (figw o^ v. The Gibb Memorial Trust 'wmtm t f t v n / i S t tmfe Codex Comanlcus-a
MS) I nrfmnt a t s t n , "wrnrn mnmm nft mmn ^ f n n s t f n n t f f w i c w fftentsn A S , atnems; fca currtis nfnm
nftmcA, w n e n 'wmmm mmn f n f w ntmfAtnmw, 'wnfe tmn ttwt ensm ^tmcA I tsn n t f f w n fst^ftmn awit mfm n f m
tmew 'wftim nm A S I "wnntm mmn w f "baiiista wmt wean ntmew wnrnmnn 'wtntm nfnw, ntms smft mwt fln, rnnrn
wnemen nmA^ mnftw waff?nn r m U f n f m i f w a ^ nrnmff fnfn mwm f f nsn wfnw, gft^Jnt wewtfsw cmwt,nrwnm
ncA, f f f awf& mgw, awft mmmn wrmn, "wtntnmf mff" tm St mm Sm ttm "stw ans cn cwm awft w ^ S n n nfnm awwn
êw mnmffew ntn m n n f n nAsf f l n i ntntTA nTfcnn # n f e w mnw Sm ftnan w f f s i St mm mfnw 'wmnra f f n mm êw
( f f n enemfnnrm fnffst, i n . , mJtw w f t s o o * v., i n . , s ) msmfsfn nw3 gnn wftntflenn (An., oî-A, os-j, O V J > , ss-i,
n f f n f e n n n n m f t A S , entmen nmfsfr#iw wmntmft tsjtft, on., i ) I f w m s ww atnn fcsm n f m s 'wmrm
(Beverldge-an Wfnm^Culverin carts w f t t Cncwcn fAs. nm^^tmn atsfnw mft'ê ff nncns a n s t m m snen?!
wrmnntf m f f ) mwnttftn nisAis mm mn i 'wmmm Atew (nmmft) nsnw mms awft ns fln (fmn snenn cwtntmnAm^
'wntmew nfnnwenn wtftt n ^ cwm atwj^ atmn wfnten mm mm t t m ' ^ ) , affw-i&fAifnw fcn tSemcfs mfnff wnscn wn?
nra m, R f ^ f f f e n w f m n wm nra, i o t t w t f n atnn fnew fwcste'i tm wtfnfw A S ans ^ ntent w a wnsen wiwmnen
mnm wfwntenn nnn nem%n mnfnw ntfsfe t f t e w mfmm nem ^^tff^" mw wen (P.S. Pallas, Bemerkungen a
ftmen srsn wnt A S ans. nnnt nffswnit m t i ff^sn at einer Reise in die sudlichen srtutthalt^
t n m f ffscwm
t.ft.
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Contents
Wl?Rt W t ? M
schaften des russischhen Reichs Leipzig, f f t r t w fc? I W f t f t fft%!e?? w r ? t "wtrw w r c f

ilfefe-iVoi i t . , i 8 8 S <3 Ctit fe) I i 8 f *lI-fc>a cttffR ?w r? I tre r t f cWft? f e t ? fte? tet tr? w
wgicsfi a f t f f f t f fttfct 'wffttT ijltcffb? r t ( a t . a t . ^ f C Q ? ctwtet WW? ttef att crt w f i t r r tfft t t t r t w
fttrftt t t f t wft-tTts-fffg , rt., i , W t w f i f e 8 i f C ? (A. D. Kalmykov, Protokoly zasedanii

r r , i r i / i o r i t t e t ? atsft t t t t tta^fw) i t t t t t f t 'witfti soobshcenija.Clenov Turkestanskago Kruzhka
w t t t "wtfttt f f t e t s f f f R frttet ftetbtt t#et (Die arkheologii, xiii, ifeov tfefW ifeofe 8i) i
Chronik ed. P. Kahle, etc., V=Bibl. Islamica, Weft Rftf ffe?? 'îtttfcf r f t Wftfttft t t t r wftt t w r t r c f
V. 5, Istanbul-Liepzig 1932, 131; trans, by W. H. (A. A. Palmbakh Russko -tuvink ii slovar, RCW
Salmon, London 1921, 100 ff.) i f f t "wtsff lt1f ifeffo Aff) att f f t f f ? -a f f t t at f5ftr ct, a?>tt
f t f f tstf r t a t t t r t a wf r t w w t f f t ffff f t , cttft, twrftt f t t f e f w t f ^ "wtrw (.or Araba) t W A? (K, K,
f ^ wttt t t f r f t wtftif f f f ttrt t t f t f f f t r c t ? Yudahin, Kirhiz sozlugu, tr. A Taymas, WTWW
ttrw trtf cttt r t f t t t t f t t t f t t r t t# a t t trt ifeSff %, Ofe)I
w f ^ w s R f t t f t w i (wt?-fvatttf, ftrttift-wtrt, wtff csr^ va t t f t ? wtttfCA? t e r f f t w f f e ? f ft??TCf,
r t f f t tfttt, f t f t ttc^ f ^ f t t A t t ) I f f t ctttrt? Cff? * t i f ? WW? (A) wrrw ? f ww? wt?w, f f c r t t rttw,
t t t f f ct?t?ffrft? t t e t f f t f t i t t t f rtt w f t f t f a f f ftetfttt tT?ft?T? wtttw (K. Lokotsch,
'wt?fr, f f f t a f t c t c f c t tttt? ? r f f f t t t f i t (tt? tttt, Etymologisoches Worterbuck der enrop, Worter
1,.,^.)i orient Ursprungs, Heidelberg ifeAl feo i
rtt?? t f f t c ? ? w t t t f t f w t t f f ? w?et i f f f f t f ? fe? t r f r v a f f t c f W3f?t f f t w e f i tt?fe t r w t r e t , w f f
?t? ttraffr? baw? f f r r t r cfct t ? w t r r , w t r r wftitwtettr I
t R f t j w? (Spoke)-f^ wTw t f ^ r w f t f f s (ft?ft r f f t f f f ? e ^ w m wr?t "wttf r ? e f "wtrw t f t t r?,
fttt? rte o o cttttftf? f # ) a f t t t t f f e f t t c f f f c ? ; trte t f t ? f t f f f t A ? w f f f t c g f ? T 5 f ff?irt ? T ? ^ r? I
f t c f tR-tftfffttt tttf? r r f f f t f f t f t g fttte? WW f f t f f wtêt? t w f i e t cttft? ffe^ wterAt f f f w t t f t t f r
?se? I ftftte f f t f fttfsf ? f e t t t ^ ^ f f c f a t t tes? fret? tfCf tft I f T W t t e t ? w?rs t r t wwfff ?tA? f ^ ? t ?
t r t j ? f r a f f t cttft ( f ttâ t t f r f t ) t r r c f tte? i ttctt tfett f r r r t f f ? ftffw cww^ rte? i ?t? w f f tttfe? a?t
a f t t r w c f w w f T (axie)-a? ttt f|?fet t f f t r c f a r r? wtttw w e t f f t t e w f r w ' w t r r ? r w r ffte? I fWtw?
a?t wtt r w f t e f trt? f f ? w t f s t t ? r t t r? rrc cttf f f t r ? the Magnificent ir? ctt wtftte? Waf? t t ? W f f w t f t ?
t e w f f t r r? i " w t r r wtw ?fw?ttf t f t r R c t n i f r r? i twtfct? t r 1fW, cttff? ffe^ b t f r ffwef?; f f f w f f t t f t ?
ff?t ttft rte trf? f ^ c r t t f , ttt ttjiffffs t f t t ? - a wtrwe (rft r w -a t t f f f f t ) ftwff r t t t c f ? att
w f f a R ffte t r e f t t r r f c ? ( w t t t ? f ^ a t r f t f t ?f?i? at t r f f t ? v 3 w t t f e ? t w t , a t t f t t i f e f ? t e ? f t w c t ?
Wtta. O. Olufsen, The Empir of Bokhara and his wtcWbW? t t t - a t r ? r t f c? Cft? a f f t Cffff? ffe^ f t f f t
Country, Copenhagen 1911, 351-3, t T ? f t f e t fftf (Hammer-purgstall, iii 439, f f fife ffgff
tJ?W f t t t w e f 5. Aziatskaya Rossija, St. Cumhriyer-a? fW3f? a f t W^gftftf? f f ? ftft f f f W
Petersburg 1914, 11. 402 with a good photo of a f W A f t t t Cf-aW) tTfft tItft I f w r t , f f r w v s ^ f f
Sart 'araba. 1, 166; f . A. Woeikof, Le Turkestan tifttct? "wtrr fR?te? t f ^ f W ^ i^, fft., s i o ; f .
russe. Paris 1914, 139-40 and pi. ix a) i t t ? the vehicle of the Sultan Walide depicted in F,
w e t w f w f c r w ?r? f r r? w t ? cttft? ttttt f f i f r r? taeschner = f t W ? âttfcf? f t f ? ? f W F. Taeschner
( F , Grenard, Geogrephie Universelle, VIII, oAfe) I Alt-Stambuler Hof-und' volksleben, ein
f t f f t ??c?? 'Wf?tW WTCf, a f f t W a t t t f t t -a fff,ffe?? Turkisches Miniaturenalbum aus dem 17,
"wtww wrte w t f ftffe t e t a t t Wttet? t f r f e w t r f Jhrdt, Hanover ifeAff %, pi. AV), t f e f t f f t W W w f ?
ttwf fffCftt
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Contents
mm
ffsTA 1n%n S m w n w mm mn ^ I io8v/itoov n m i v v / i A A men t n n t w cmmn twttn mnw ften ftnffnw

tîtfM 'wRTtnt sifwwHw TTtcnn n t t n f l n 80 ant wiAtnf Asntn nnn f f nttAer 'wtmntn w t f n f n An, est "wtntm wtmew
iffft cntwtOTn mfnw f|n (wr^fnm csenfn, i t . , ^ A V , w f . fwttcn c f f m t m f i n wtmew wtestft w n ^ tnntw cmm f A t s
Hammer, i, 231) 1 W t t n t mm%w t^tfcn mnw ntncw fttrtw wtsrsr^ cnAntw-t twttn' nsm wesn, est wtsm-sfn mm
ftnfmsmen ntnn^ w m An 1 , 'ît m m f n atnn fncw " f t f n n wrmntn winmt n 1 ^ A t s j f i t wtAte a t f w f n w fnw
( f m fnctn) fcnn. nncn mff'sfn aitînn f t t c n mnff f l n afffnegn nft stfwrs w e m t w t n wftntflenn ( t f f n ,
(WtA'ntn m f w , ntcn cn-aft', t^tyi i-soi ft., 8 s) 1 n n n f wtcn
Ottoman Poetry tot., o o V , o i 8 ) 1 ntWft ntntA m A ' f n
ntn fnntnw (Sumptuary) witcn a t fnntfnmcw f m n ^ wfnm
wtssntn f m s "wrmm cn mfn mnw Stmten (ib-s.^ f . ) t t f f s
fnntcA ant 'wtntmn a t s n n ^ mtmcA (wtA'ntn m f w ' Hicri
atf attfs itnf* mtsi aw wm cntcwn n<Rf flntem 1 f e n mft
on ikinci asirda Istanbul hayati, t ^ t f n i<oo f.,
mwts t t f wtwwtn ^ m e tftiwgss Yayii mmew wnn t~3t
isff, A i o n ^ ) I '
ttew ant Yarim yayli w f f t w s f ^ t n # t w men a t f f t
nncnn fnmff mff mff nnn mm mfnw m m nncnn "wtmrn
w e ^ w m mew aww f ^ t ( f . Inonu Anlklopedisl, o t . ,
( f . 'wtntnttn) n t w m % f n R f m^tn.bntsn wfnw 1 a f w n n m
Wtmm is8j f., iti>8-to) I ttv5t wtitcQ a t t t f t tntn An, w s
cmcwn m:^ tmcw WtentAt wfntnsfnw f l n ant atntn n f t 'wtft
ettmwrs ^ fnm tAtew wtf wnt A S I cnesf t m s nem C W R
m m (iioA-o/itos.i-A)-cw 'wtmntf n m ^ 1 wtnn f m n
wtnens sems smf A S m, cnt wtset stnstn:wm ntfn rnnms
ntwtntw^ ta^cnn S t n f f n a t s i t wnmmsfnw wwm m m t m
wm AS-1 ntnnttt m f f f t n ( f w wrsrnrff).atrst ftatfsftn (cwtn
tnntflcnn ntmew wnctcn f f n fncwt tAtn ftnnn atntflenn
csnnft wtm f ^ t n # r ) , fnetn wfsm a t egffs m f f s f n f s R f
(Hammer-purgstall tot., fftoto) 1
, nnenn mew n f ^ wm AS'I ifnwfe (csnn cwtn n n s f n f s f t
ist t m f n attn m e t t t f f e n 'wtmntn rnnmn - s m f f <
tâtn^net wffmsn cnm A S , f w f caw (Slav) t ^ wtfnm cwcnm
tmfnwiftenn nem f f m n ^ t i n (ttn'?|n-tnmn. Grand vizier,
atffw ap^wte^ n e m f n wtmttn t ^ Ate S f ) n t f c n s
wtsntw, wtftt, i o t . , ttFi ios, ibff t . ) I t f e m f t n t n f f n
wtntenn w m wfswws f f t s t s nemn wm ^^m ttcw 1 a t e^ftn
wtnntftn t m t i n aftttnw tntn 1 *wrmmn nttrt f f l ; mten aw
t t f t ntm ist m m f e w n ^ mtffm n m A w ^ a n t atn-a
^zFnnnmn men têmftn wrtntenn nft tmew ntn^mff
ntAts nrnms Atc^cA, fsetn wfnm sn*psl>i-an affm S t f c n aw
wfnm n m t t n 1 iVCtA f f e n Theophlle Gautier
snemt cttm m f t t t t t f nrnms A S , t m n ewtn nswt m t , t w f
fnffmcAn,''titfnn f f n m WtAtenn (2fi cwts af^wwifntctn cnm
Stes cAfS ffswsnfsf^tt mmft wtcA 1 wtntnmnw w f n i t nm ntftn
f f t n f A w n f f ^ e m t t e n mtttewcA, f w m t t^ ntet nfsw
(Sfn wtstm) f^tAcn assft nswinA aw snenn ennsnttf m f t crtm
cntmf wtmwtn tfsw wntm f n n nmi ntm stftw ttfnwnfAnntn
mew ant tme t f t Res ^ nmnft csns m m wtcA 1
a f l f f 'wrmm (nsfs? t w t ntm m^m^nAnftntenn ^ t nmA
an[t#t 8 ( i ) 'wrmm a t n f t enfn 1 t m mm enfn ( A )
^ ntm ap|w m n t i n K O C U ) f s t m f t n t e t wftr
wtnmtntn fn^ftnrtw tfsjwtn ntentwn, i s fntw, ^s>(t(t -
mtes" ( w n f f ^ e n t t n , titfnn i v a o f . , o i v ) f w f t^tfcnn
Wtftnmn mnwt (Asirlar Boyunca), t ^ t f n S.S-ioo); ( o )
S t w e i mfttnmn-nnmnwtft t m f c n n ctmn (Emmanuel
Rodtnson, Wtstm, in JA. 1
Soberer)-cw iVtoo f f c ^ coupe victoria ommibus
M. Rodinson (E.l. 2) / fAPsinfnntlpt^
stwfw wrffn ttR <3 w f t n Wfntff w m n n nwn mft fnmf wfne
cnm ffmcA (wrn-nfn-t wpqmnn, mt isoo f f t ^ iAV-o/Ato *^5n?rtfT ( < ^ ^ ) s a w f t ntft (Stwrm), ntm mft wrmm,
atatn, ib-to8) I m ffen wrmm n t f t m n ftcnn n i i ^ w m ntcn-a ttsfsw I wnfn tiAietos sîfs ntfcnn n f # m t t , ns^
Atsifit I ntfn n f t f m -a Smenn nttrt awentet w f f m ^ fw^ f f t mtesn (Dead Sea) t f n w n c n t t m s t w ^ 1 nttesens
wfnw I ijos. f f e ^ AS m w ^ wtfnctn wrn'nfn-t wrwwtn a t 'wtstm t f t s wntn S t w r m ftentw \ wtfmfnw o stew a m t n
mm wfwcmt atwrt wfnmfin ' ^ t mft wfnmfin cn, mtftmtnw aft sntft 'wrmm nm mtesn n f f t f t m s 'wfwtm S t m t e s s
sftmn w f t n s mm cnttetn ^Ntewrs wtnet f t a t w f f n m S s s ftmn ncm atts i i o n t t n tn ff|w 1 a t wtwrm S t m t s
wmra ntnmtw wften m 1 cntft mtenn f f niA 1 t m n a t t n e f n nesr w n t m f m w n
tnmff ffjiewtn
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Contents
"mm "wtrr t f wtât
'^tl-alfI t i ^ ' ^ ' Q ^ ( ^ j l ^ 1 8 (?1), afW?

c t t f cttTtct f w f f t a t t W 5 f i m t H (wf)-a?r t t t a t ttnft, tte?? t f t tt??t ftt?-ttft' ifn?fttwt'8tattit
f t w f t cwt? fttt f ? t r t t l f t t I t t f wtttttc ftf 'wi?ii?iir f f t t f t f f f f c i wttstrt fc?? 11^ t t ? f n ? * ? ? t
w t f f t f Ctft.'Q t'S'[t ?ftttc? I rtiilfft cStif ?<?t? f p t r t 1 a t ft?et tffîftr ( t ) f n c f f f t
fttt rte t t f f c t t ajftCtt f t W H ftsf Wt*r >8tlf 'Wlll<t(-t f c i wttsrrt ff?c Cf? ttt, f f f t R C f t f c i f i n c f t f t f
t t t fttt fttfltcf I fittt t t t - o t ^ - f t (ri*t-isf " t o t f f s - f ? , fc?? I fi?fttT? wtr t f f t f t t t t l f f c t ? I f t f R - t r t t t c f
ftft c f r f f ( i o t - f e t ' ^ - f f t w f f ) vs ftett f f t t t t f t t f t , f n ? ftwfcf fttftsfcf? w?tt c?t t f t t t feat f?t rtticf i
c t f t K vs t t t t f t & t t t tgtct? w f t c t v s t t f 'wtttttt ti?ttrftT wrrtf? fci? ?f?r tt?tfft tite? cffftt f?flff?t at ?ftr?t
t t f t ? w t t C t t f C f w t f t f C ? I v s t t f wftftf? t f t t f t f ? 'Wtft?f tr^fafr ( t ) - a ? fttft ftftm t % t , "wittcf? t?tTft
f ttftc?? f ^ f t f C t ? CfC55? ft?st v s f t f t t f f f f t f t f f l t C f w?ff" (vso 8 ivs) I f n ? ttt Wfvst t f ? ?t?#'S /i:t Wfn
f T t t t t C t ? t R ? t t f t vQ t % C f g t t f ( t t t t t etc?? Ezion C f t f t t t t s f t t t t t t f t t f l t 1 f n ? f f t w f f t t WSaf I
Geber)-a? t f t wt^ tftftt t t f ^ f ? t rt?rc? I Wtttt? 5t^t#t 8 ( i ) t t ? nwt? wtt^'wttftttf, wtt-ttr^ "f
(Ayla) t f ? t f ? 'S t1ttrfttn W ? f l t a t f t f C t ? "jfftcf 1 tn? wttf?t-ttn?f, i t t t . , tttftf i r v ft., wtt-tifvoittvgt-fftgt,
t t r t f t f f f t c f 'wtfttra w t - f t f attt a t t W f f f t f t t ? t t f t r ? rt., 8Hvs; (r) t f t f f , wf-ttrfrst-ft?t, 'St?i t t . , 8 t . ,
t t r s (Elath) a t f t f e t ? t1%et w ? t ^ I . vSfefe-lo; (vo) t t f R wtf?, f t f R tttf f t f f f f t i f t t m ? i ,
f f t f 8 ( i ) A. Musil, Arabia Patraea, r t . ; ( r ) N, WIR-ttfttrst-tttttt?Tf, cr?r? ivoS^ ft., vat., vasitr-feSi;
Glueck, The Other Side of the Jordan; (o) v^ C t t f , ( 8 ) tffttf wf?pf-wiRi tfvsfft, r # g R - f ? w R , i i t t t , , tfcn?
The River Jordan; ( 8 ) c t t f . Exploration in . i f e V i f , S t . , 11 I
Eastern Palestine, i t . , 8 t . i friwiftt
N. GLueck (E. I.^) / f T l f t ft?t^ r f
t t t t f tf^Cff?
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Contents
o . o f f f t . I ttett?'wit fwtft? f f t f ? f t ? fttf a f t tfsf r r

f c f ? wvojwM t t f r f t f aftt f ^ rrn:? fsni tftf ^Ssn^ wt^rff I f f t f t t t r t f t t t w fftt?' a t t ttctt? f t r r ? <3
t r s i f t t w ? t t t t t f e w I t t t w w ? fitft itit fttttftff 5^!^ ttctt? t e t t t e t ? f t ? f f f f f ? i tftte?? f t ? f t f f 1
wT?T ?i?, f?Tr? mm t n t r i o i v / i f e ^ i t i t t ttfit f & r cfttfeftfcf wfsrff f r A t t i c f f f wf-tfwtff f t * r r 1
t l w R I tst ift t t f e w ? tf ftifii f i c t ? fttrw? fejt'jg ttet? witfm 'w'uft? f t t wiww ^ f t f f f t f f t t ? f f t
b^rt tfwrr f f f fftw tit, tfg tftittffc f t r ? t i t feat t t e t ? I tftfS ( f t f f t f f f t f t ftet? r t f t f w a f t t f f f r cfts
tttl ff3it t | w ? t i e ? t A t r e f , r r f?ifrc?? f f f Ate cttt t m 1
t t t w t t t f t f f f t ?t?e, W?J?3^ fit'il?t f f t f t i t t f f rttft a t tfwsftf rftc?? f f f Ate t t f t t t t t c f a f i t f f t t i w f t f f i
t r e f i i f e i tiet w s ctiti?i?5e(T? tiw ?itr3? f t f r U t 1 tttwet? t i t f f r c f I t?ftf tfcsf? f f f t wftff .tw f t t
i A i o / i w v a t t e t rfffsttr ttet? c?ef b^ttet? f f f f t ? I f f r r ttfcttft 1
f t f t t t t t r e f ftttttet? f f f t -^sm. fffe t t f i t e f t f f ^ ffCf? ftt-fftBCt Ct?f3t? t f t f f tfft t i f t t t w t i t
w f e r t f f f r f l c t t 1 i w * t t e t t t t s f t t t f ^ r ? a?? afft f r ? w i f t w t t f ? t ? f w I t r f t w i w f t r ? ctârt a t ? ttft
f f t t f t t f ^te w i r tm, t r e f tfftiet t t w ? f r rt^tlflt 1, Wftfft ttft îr w t f s I ct^ttet? rftc?? tfitt wtw? -sffft
t i f f w i ? witi?i tttwet? t t f t ? f f i f T A? a t t t r ? wtft ?sr I
wttet? w e t f t t t f t t t f t f r f r A? I t t ^ ^ f WT5fttt? 'W'^ff? f t ? ffff ^5ftfftf t f t H f f t
t t i t f t ? t f t t f ? t s W ? t f a w att-Q w t j i r s wte? a?t t f c f f f c t t ftsf t w r f r t t ? I t t t w e t ? a f f c t t ' S t f f f f t a
t r a t t ? f t f f f f t a f t ttt? I t f t t ? t t W ? flew? t?^ tt?. r t t t ? ftte! cwtf tm t i t 1 wtt t w r?, t r t r t f t f ^
ttftfew? f t f i i i w i t??fw wie? I wttc? f t t fttwi T^c a t t w wttfttcf I at t?e?? ? t f f f
wtft t t t w t f t wi?iff?, t r ?fte??t f f r t fwt-tfwet fer'^tftaFcff fttc?? r w w ctti tm 1 i^ptrfff? ffti?
i i . o i ft. a t t f ? - t f k t 1.V50 fts I r t t t wtfwift? Cfttt? ftt t r f fftc! r t t t T f ? ?5 Ate t p t f f t i e t ffrtt? 1
ffwft? t e r f f f ? ffcf? ^ att>a tftitt? I a t f t w f g f f f f t t t t ffte! ??fteij? afttfff ^ f r A ? t f f f t r ? w t t r
f f t wffiSR f t f r f t w f t ^ f f r c f a t t f e f ?ftref ^ 5 ( 5 . ) ( w i f t t 1 f f sfe ft./ii8 %) a?t m\ t t w " r t r t ct<iet'
t f w t r ffe?t f f , r r ? f t w f t t f f f cttt titeef 1 f f ffcf cwtt r ? I t f f t w a t t t f w w t t t t f f f ftfc**!? r t t t e w t ,
f f t t t a t t f w ? t f w t f? f f c f a f f t f t f r c r t f t ^ f f t t t bSstit t r r ? w f i t r w tffrtt êcf I
t e t t r ? WTCf I at'Qftcf t t w f r A t t i c f 1 f f t f e f ? t f f t r t t i f t t f t r i/Ai-AA
t e t t t t a f f t w f t f w t f t f ? t f t t ? flet? ffes f f t ^ 1 f f f f e f ?
^ s r s i H t ^ ?ftcwtt (tetr? o^)wm? A 8 L i f e ? f f f .
aje?ttt f f t t t ? t?i?? tfs?tt ct?iet? tfe? f f t t t ftrr? w e f 1
ft. I f w w t c t i ? f w ? f tcsrtt, wtwct f f f t r , t H wtrt W l f ,
at'sft? tetr t t f f f f f f t t t f s f t e f wftttm ?i ttwtf f T
fttPir -a f t t t ftewtt, fef t f t t t tw? ftftrr f tcsttt,
4iticf I ttctt? fttft t t att tTcttt f f ^ ^^ftt ttr?trw
tfwt?eti?tw?'stftwtfsjftc5ttf I t r t t f ???ifwft 1,
t f f f f f t ? C5W ?f I t t w f t m ctiit? f g f?Fwtr atft?
r ffe,fftff, tft rrtfr ffrttft fft featerti 1
ttftc?? f f c f ?ft?icf w f f e w t t f r 1 f a f<Fwft ctttt?
ftewtt t A ? o f t cftwt ftft t f ^ I wr?iw? i o . o s t f f f .
fg^w^jft? tt ftet? f t w f t k t tfrcf a?t atft? tttmfit ft. I w t t t t r t A W f e i , f s P t ffo.fei%, t f t t t 8fe.ova% I f f w m
f t t i f i t r Cfft tfsf I r ? ofe% I f t t r t i f e . A i % , f t f A.fe%, win?! o.ife% 1
t f w s j w f t t f w f t f i t t t w ffttet? r t j e t f f t f t 'w'e W f r t e t t i I t f f f t H V , cfwi Vfe, t i t i A i 1
ff^ I ttctt? ' w i t t f a?t t f f f t f ? , t t r ? t f f t t f i . o r ft. I t l f t ffwfftft t f t i t i t i ? rwtrff, r w r f f twft t t % ? , i i
w t f f c f t t f t f t f f t 'ct' wt?fff? I t r ? tffttt i . o r fts f r f tfttt, ttif? f t f f t ? , ftt?f? wffwt? t t f t I
t t t t f ffstcfft
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118 wisJln
sjmn n f o cntft t w m , nmw, cnnm i Scammm fnn ntst,

cmm, c5tm, nnn, nm i t m w m t A s i f t cnfwt fnm nftw i
wtnwn A.iff n f fw. ft. i wnntmt i<fAo, f n m ffo.io%, nftm
8s>.on% I
ftwm Atn ff(?.i% I wtwmtcm i 1 w i m n mm f f t is.iff
ntcn I msmcn tm t n c w m , t f n n n n, entwt (ti>, m n i n o i
wnntmt ioAAiiff, f f n ffi.8i%, mtm 8b.ffi% 1 fnmnm
v A . v 8 % , f A f iff.to8%, w i f n i i f wnrtm i.<fA% i
nn?iw i , S f m m n n 8, f n c m f w fwmnn i , nnwtft sftffnw
ftmmn a*, cnnnwtft sttnftw fnmmn <t, ntstm i A i
mnftw mt?3f i , cnmn mt Oo I
wnemlfn stmn cmntnfA f f t 8b-.ff(?%, n'mro.8o%, f f t
itfnw ASi.oto%, W f f t stfnw A . 8 n % , nrnrn <f.ffo%, mwft
i.nff%, wmtm v.ji>i% i wtntft wft A A V S I S I . O I f f w w wft
ooo.ffA csts I aw nmft nSi.A8%, f t nmft iSi.ffo%, % n
w n f t i.Ato% I
a w R f f t w n n nR, wtf, ntntn, fwn, nftm i
wn-nmtft wtn, wtn, f t m , wm, cfen i
mwt ntt A n f fw. ft., f m ntt A i 8 n f R. ft. I
9mn m s 9m sffwiH m? At? v5s>.s>%, <toA%, Attntwtn SI, cnm A I f::ammm mtntwtn w M n , w t n n f n ,
n%rt Ato.<f% 1 mm to, m n j f w ffiTFra o , ft^mftw t f t w R f n I stmn n^tftgm mn, wtf, ntntn, w m c f e i I
f f f i m ito, msM V 5 8 , gfTtftw f w t n n Aoto, nsifntfn f%^ Snewm m ^ wne?rs i , t f n n n m ^ ninntn tfswsint
grfwttn i 1 T R l n w nttcgft A , mftf A A , ntfspsi n R R o ,
ewg i , f f t m ^ c w g i ( n t e f ^ ) i
ctnts ntt OA I
mtnifffem i / i i i
wntttftn stntn cntt ffn o i . 8 v % , nnj i . 8 S i % , f*t?t i.A%,
ffnjgfnw i i . i t o % , W f f n a f n w 8 . i i % , iftnsn i.s>o%,mnsfn
A A . o 8 % , n m n m i A . A % , wnrtni V . A I % I rnncnttr wfn
iirob-b- C5|n, t f f s wfn i f f 8 o csSn 1 aw ipnfn A ^ % , <7tt ^nft

8 A % , f ^ wnft oto% I cncsn wtswtn wtntfn wfn <?to.vi% i
StnR ffn wnn nR, nn, w t f , ttw-nnfif, fntfn, cnen, fintw,
nfn, nfnnt, w t f , nfe i stnR wn-wntfn wm, wm, wttm, nmt,
fnf, cnen, wnfw, niftcwn I
ntwt ntt sto.fffe fw. fn., wtnt-ntwt nii Ae.JA R.fn., wtm
mt O O O . A 8 fw. fn., cntnn v nftwim mtn, c?mnn i o R. fn. i
nttwn 8 , ngwn 8 , mmft w i t ^ A, nnn wtnntm A, mtn fnn
nv.nnwwn n,fncn^wtnmm n i f f t n f % s # s i A , f n t n o o ,
^fwtn AV, scnf%i 8 * I Aitniwra s cnnt Af&ntwtn A A , cnm to i
StnR n ^ sm mfncwn, wm, mt, c i ^ tjf, wnfst fntfn i
Sncwm TT?! wnc?r^ i , Snm^ cwg o , t f n n n mw
nftmn iRw?ini cw5 b- (ntcfms) i
m^nf*tfent i / i 8 f f - 8 t o
^fi^trsf 8 Sncwm (femnns cwm),wtnwn o o j . ^ o nffw.
ft. iSscnfntmtnSncwm,nftn:nntfnnnnnSncwm, fcf mmt
Sncsfm, m f n ntfwsfn Sncwm i
t n m f fwsiewm
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wttm ftnw fntm
cmlww I f f n cmRt mm f n t w ^ n wtf wm m^^ffcwn f g

tfsiftPrt mnRnit f f s t t A wnfwn ntoit wftw fftftw I wtet awtisf fJtenn wm wm nra i nwn atcntfft wtnwtwtn
cênn nem ftfnw i afcntfenn ffmenn frtncsn cmntenn
v i n f s t H n ; ? ctm sitoitnfcA I fitmem nwm mm wnfw i nfts tm? tte? ?ftme5 cmRt-'^?
w f t f f ivS.IA fts l.toA fttf? f f t m c f ? t t f t f t w WHfWfwf? n I nnfBtnftew-wtffn n#iw CWR f^ftftrff mt I ftftn wnjfR
mnftfiflt? wtftc?? m f t cwtf m TW3 t^wfftftit wtfwtwm n e w t m f f ffmniAw^ftf^R i ftwest ^ f t nmfnew Rft
f?pw w nwfw wm ^ f t c A I njtcSncn^ wtlnbm ?r3Fm c?f nntftw 1 f f f wnn mnw awnnsen miR m^ wenffenn ant
"tt I fwftcw? m f f m c f Rntt f ^ c w f ^ f f n t n f ^ stcntm? nnfSn# fnsitn w f t n t f w T ^ wtm nra m 1 nft<3 tmnew? fnntn
^^tftfw, Ss? s n f ^ f cnmcns w p f f t t t wfnm ffmn f f c f t n ant wntwnn t n f , ntwtem wtfmn, w^stwtn f w t ? ,
nflmcA I wic? f f w cnmn fwnft wffsiwtn f w t n mm fnft, fêwfgw ffmn, mn m% S ^ ft#iww, cBntcwttt wntwnn
nfws 1 atatn? ncm cwiHlnit ws ant mtmmwt? mfwc^f ntm ant enntenn ntften? fnew wnfw nwmn mtenn fnenn wen tm
mftj?? fncw mwtcm ant tm?^tncw?flntCA cftntnn? nip'SS i fnwtff wtnenn awft fnntn ant nsnw cmwt mmfn fifnten
nnfifcn?wwjwmfio.j\8>v-tntf? fftnicfnwtwiwt? awit tm ftf^ Atslfft I
wns mmew cwttcn ftstt nftwt? 'cn'-cw wff wm ^mc^, cwâ a t mnRenn awft -sipfff tnRtj a t cn, mtnra mstt
awit W f w ^ ant ^ m c f aw cwt^ wftm cmt w^ i f f f w fffnf^-nnfwn fffw? tm anntnw wtm< fmHn i mwfmn
sffcn f n . cnmn ntnrf tc5n csn f f ^tcw ^ f t Ntftfn (tm nnfwn (wtfntfnw i n f mwtfn atnntnew) ant
mtwtwtfw (^tnwtn) ffntn fnftn wftm cwftn nft?nn 'cn'-n w t f mwra wnwnn mn nnfwen awt nttfiw ftstt ffsf fnftn wm
fsftw wftmc^ I mtm cncsf^cn mmem awft wnwn f f s t AtsiCA I WT? tmew cnm nttcwc? ewc5 a f t ws n ^ ant tm?
mm tmcw wtfw w m ^stmc^ i wwgtn fn-nf%cn Stnrnf ffmn mnewtcn mnft csfs ffs? i ^nmffmn n?itn nnfwn (i^too f.)
ant m ^ cnmen? n m n f ^ w n n awft ffntn t f ? wftm ant ffnrnn sntRfn wfnnftft nnfwn (itoÂ f.) mm it mmft
f f t wtnwfwta 'cn'-cw nffwr? wtet wtn wm '^mcA i >^ at wn^cn fnwtf mw wen i mtnra at?it nnfwn fnftn nf5<P5i*ii
n w n cmt nffwt? 'cn' mmnn gmmff ftfwn cfefên S n n nsnw fnftn fnwtffn wtsfttntn nnnrsn f s ffwfnf^
i g f f f i w cftntftw f f s f mm w t f w w m AtsicA i wwan wtntwfwmm mntwn (wtfmfnw ivsio-bto) ^^c wtfnntcA nRmt
tnt?ftew nncmt f s f t n^sf nftme^, cweg awft m? a n t nenwmsfi
cwStn f^cwn aiR ften ^ wtnm cAtt ffsf I mtntfff^m i/nA
nnRnft f n w cBntemtt wntwnn m n f ^ i fnsntn fnfm:w- ^R*tl ( < _ . i j j o . : . ^ 2 L ^ i _ ^ ) g (m),
ant ntften? fnewn nfnwtef mm? fs^ '^nnâ fftjmn i nftfefn fntnt ntetn ntf i^ntA entftn wmt, ffm fntm t f n viw'^n,
n m n f ^ w t n f w t n mtenn n w m cnm mn i mtenn^R ntm nftm fnfw fwmn, fm'wt cftltn I mm-wmt twe?t nfffftA
a f t n S n n wtenwft wftm âmtnen mwtem I at mtenenn atfft (Wy-m fnwt mn'wtw af^nnnft nttmenn w ^ f s s i f m ? fea
fnwfBt f f m n emttw a n t tntw^ atwtn c&ntewfBt n w m mm ftem^ mftA nffs ^me^ s
^1 IJ<-RE-
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wSsjtnnnf^. "fspmn win-fmtmt (m)-n nef fimn 1 wtn nft (n) nftntcnn
tnmff tfilewtn
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Contents
<\9tb
ftfS rte at ?l%w 2tf^ ( w s ^ ) 4tt*t f f e o f e ^ R , wrff t f f t f t t t ? S t t f w t .iiff, t f ^ vs I :

a t t e s f c w m w t e f mt'wi t#cf| ct, cs\m wtwnp tf^s W t t i t n i i r f e v r ; f ^ ffi.sff%, t f t w sb-.ff* i f t t w ?
C f t t ftf *tff t # c t t t , gft f f t e t t t , fttl f f t e t t t , C s t t l C t t fer.ff8%, f r s i . r o % w t n w o.rfe% 1
twttct? rjt f f t e t t t , fttt? fttn w t t t t w t e r t f f t e t t t at?, f c t w i , f ^ t t t f f f f w t t ? i i , W f t r ff, t ? f t f t t t f f f
t f t t t ? ftew w t t t t ^êttt I w f t t t (tt) t e t t , t f t s r t t t 9^wm ftwtt? vSff, C t t t f t f t t t t f f f f f w t t ? i i , f t f t t f t f f w t Wftw
t l f f c t t f f ( t ) w t r e t ? e f t e t t , cms\ t t , t t , t ^ cwtttewt i I t t t f t f titiaf? r I
ttctt f t t ? I wa? tr?t f r t t f t t a t i wtft'a w r e t ? t i t wtettft? t r ? c t w f f t svs.fffe%, f f t j g f f f r s . f e i % ,

f r t t f t i t t t I wtr? r w t r e f f f t t t r fwett, cr ctff, ? t , rt, Wfft j^fff r . 8 f f % , t t w i . r 8 % , t f f t r ? r.fefe%, ?Jtw
? i ^ wtr? t R t t f t t ? I wa? trtr t t r tfttett wilt's isit i v s . i i % r f f t fe.feff%, wtnw r.fe% I
t f t t i t " ( f t r t w t r r t , fet., f . fefe, t i rifeoo) i r t e r t j wff fenfe.ss c r ^ , t f f wft rsrvs.vsi C A I ? i
a f f t f t iff%, f t 1 ^ ^ o % , f f ? f t f t ff% I ctc6? w v f l w ?
oU I J j . ^ J JIJs J L 3 L ^ l i i d ^ L i l U j ^ t -
w r f t wft iv5.ife% I
attt? f f t f t t ttt, W f , tffb, f f r w , ?f? t l f t t f t f i
attit f t wit, t t o t , f t ^ , c t r r , c f e t , f W I
ttft r w t vas.v3fe ft. ft., w r - t i w ?iwt rfe ft. ft., f t r rwt
w t t t t ft? f t t t t ( r ) t c t t , r f i ? i i r ( t ) t f t r c f t ,
\rt> fts. ft.; c f t t t r i t i t f t t t w t t , C?tvac? W i t ? i i
"trtfrrft wtwr cft? f t i t t r f t ? wiw far? ftf^ ? f
t l ? f t 8 , 'Qe?f%i i r I f i t ? ff?i s ft i o , fict? f t w iff,
(5fw) f?r ftet ( w ^ f f t r ftet) trtef c r t e t t e t t f t t e r
'?<#l? l o , t t w ? iff, f t i ? vsd, <PtcJiS ? t W Sff I
tr? fttst w t r f f ? " ( f t t t t w t r r t , fet., f . ofeo-s, ?i
r t t i w i ? ife, c t w -a I f c a t e r w r t r w i ? c r t f t , w t i f f i i
rifeos)I
rft#t s ( i ) t t f t wtf?, f t f t t t r , 2t?f i.ft., fft., t t l ? ? ^ Bw'g f t f e , - c t r r , fts, t i f t ? f t I
f . ffoff; (r) t t ? r w t ? w t t f t t t f , w t t - t t t r f w t f t t t - fteiw W f t fte^rs i , t t f r ? vs t f f f f w c f ^ ff,ftwtT

t r r r , r f i ? i f t f r s t , i f f . , c t r t t i o r v It., st., f ; 8 (tiewff) I
ofer, t l I i i ) I riwfttffr i/irr-ir
fT^ftt
wrHt^TfT 8 ftesttt ( f t t i t r t f r cwtt) wt?f s.<.rv ? f
ft. ft. I f ^ 3 t w t ? t f f r t t ? f t e w t t , t f w e t f t r f t e w t t ,
f w t?e? ftfr ?twi, tPbct 3t^trfr t t ? f t e s i t t 1
t t t t t f t t t t t , r ^ , t t w t e t ? f f t featettw i
f t e s f w t r ? i o f t cttwt ttfc? ttl i wtt? r.ff ? f ft.
ft. I w t t i t n i o f f o b - ; f ? W ff0.S>0%, t f ^ 8 f e . o 1 % I fttwt?
rt? ffi.ff% I w t t i f w ctet? a?sit ' s w f f f cttse? w i t ? i a t
witet? te? b&ttt, ftett, WW t t t t t t i e r a ctt c r t t e r t
t l t t t c f I W f T i w r 1 cttoc? f f t r t t t w i i w t t t f f t ttw f i t
ifeSfe t t e t I t f w t t r f t c w w I t f f f t t ff, cttwt i o i , t t t
rrff I t l f t t f t f f t f t vs t f t w t s cfat t f f - a ? t t t t r , ctttft? 1W?
t k t i w , t r i r e s i ? ttrft, f t f t t % ? i
f f t t w t t e t w t t f f t rte c t t t w i r t w t ^ w t f f ?
ffwe? ft?Rtf wfte ?tft ^ ifeii t t e t w f t w f c i
I
Sir
w t t f f t ?tt?et (t?t? W t ) t t f w f r f ? t e ? a f f c i fttest*
c w r w t c r w f t f t w t t f t r ? i w t t f f t t r e ? w r ? f??
!>ii^ -
wtf? I
ttwf tfSlCftt
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Wt?HstM
sstsnm fnn i, mn w n w , wntw wn (?, twn wn s, fsm

ff. fn. t Ssn fcn c t e # Smwnt, nf^n Sfwfn Snestnt, wni 1
rf%w cwtfJiPimst Stewnt r atmn nft fn*ii^<MRi, -nnnfrsmt i Attntwm ib, csim A I ntcAcsn mt, fnnm mt, wf^ wiftmR
cntntttissn fnn Seanentm i Alt, mwtn Af&, cwtmncmm nr^ff cnm tcammm i
aimnn^snj mn, mt, wtmntn tsff wtfw i
cnnnwfft Atnmwtn 8, ttfnnn m^ e iftmn fftw?Rt c ^
1, finnm wmtn cwg a-, ttfnnn Sfmft cw5 b (nsjffw) i
mtnifff^ i/i8^^-8
^l^tfilRt 8 Sfcwm (Afnfs ostm) wtnwn AA.sb nf
ff. fn. I Ssn-ff%cn mat Smjstm, fcf mftntst Sfcwm, nffcn
fnttntnSfcwm i atmn nff % wtnff, ff%im^ os^stcmsm, fnn s.i
Sfcwm Aft cnfwt ftm f ^ I wtnwn ff.oinfff. ft. i
wnntmt iobAS; fsm -A.bff%, nftm 8i.ia-% i f ^ ^ Am
AA.8% I wtwmtcm i I
wiwfnftns mmew Smwnm ntm^n wm sn is.bo men i
ttftnn ff, cnfwt b\r, mn is. i
wnntmt btobio; f ^ ffi.ii%, nftm 8b.bS% J fnnsjiH
io.ffb%, ftf As.iS9%, ffn o.o8%, cntn; o.o>!s%, 'stmrm
nffn atfwim s nnlwntoo,nftm ff,rnnrnffI

Smwnt n^s oft n n ^ nRs i wtnwn ^.s n f ff.
fn. I wnnimt b-iw; f f nffA.<M%,nfsnt a i . 8 o % i f%^ mn f^t^ Am s ftt^ atfwim m? Am A A . 8 % ; fnm ,Ab.A%,
8^.1% Irnnrnttimi i nftm ito.A% I
wttfnnrtm mntcw Snwntn ntm^n nsm sn is.b- men i wenw A, Attfntoi
tttnnn e, mn entwt b-8 i Sfcwm mttfm i, ntftm nfnR i, cnmn ntt A I
wnntrnt i8i8; ffn ffo.s.%, nfsm 8fe.oi% i fnnmn ; FEIÎO INS"
. 1 i % , f A f 8(2-,(Ji%,'Â.18%,Wmtmo.o8% I
nnfwn i i * , nffrn i b , f M A O I ki" ^ Itft ^ . / ^ .
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I nscnw A, ffnetwRw tnftftSt i, t f n m t n n Ai, ifnnn

f n b, n n m t t mnfnns wnowiH sftnfsms ftmtnn A ,
njte6mt& f n io, ntgtm in, nmev55 f n 8 I
f I<JPI i
wncftStn atnm cfm ffn b.ff8%, n,m i.ovs%, ffn sifnns
A8.vi%, Wffn afvms A.ei%, 1 % i . o 8 % , nmm io.5!.%, M f
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mnemm wfn iAsô.io c ^ , ffww wfn e i v ^ . s cs^ i
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fn., cntfn nftff is. nftwjtn mtn I
tnmff ft'Sewm
t.ft. Vib
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11V
WtCftft? Sim CttT f f t o i > J % , t t t l A . i v % , f f t g f t ^ w f t t f W f T w w t t t t f f ? fta rwt? t f f r e t f t ? ? ?Ttfff^

iJ5..Ao%, W f f t 3 f t f 8.0v5%, t J t t T i8.0V%, i.o>%, t w r t e w t t w t t f f f t w f l c t t I w t f t t tie?? t t e ? ffff?;
rfft 8.A%, WtJitJ i f e > i % I w t t f t f c ? ? f f w e i wwtw t f a w ? ttwttff t t t f f w w t t cwtrew
bItWi'tJ w f t A i o o o C 5 ^ , tft w f t fefeSiV 1 af t f f r t w t r t t t f f t I w t ? w w tf?3 wttt? t f w r e w a t t
f t f t feff.fe8%,^ f t f t i 1 . i V % , f t i t f t f t i l . i V I ftt^c?? t twtcwtc? t t t f f wwm w t f c t ? t e w fffft f t f w
trt f f t ftt rt, I t , W N , rt, w i f , tftr, ftrrrt, tittfftttf^ I
fttrw, WW, t s t f w I ifefefe ttet w^stiw W f ? t ft? ^ft? t ? tfewtt? w t t f t r AS
W f i r w t v.ff t f . ft., f i r r w t i i o t f . ft.; c t t t t i^ f f f t t r fter t cwtt f f r f l t i w f t w t ? t ? twftf wiwit t f W f t
tttfjttWtt I ?j?fttti? c t t ff^fwH Etwffw r t r ? t ? f t r ? ?jft wfttwr?
f g f f t V, rtt t t t 8 i , ctfift 8 I f t f f r ffwftt I ifefeo w e t ttafttt? t w t w ftftwtc? ? ^ r t w
f t t ? t % t i r t ? f i w iAb-, 7 # t ? o r , t t w ? o8, f W ? i l , r ? I ffam '^w r ? w w t t t i a w ? wtttt^s i
f t C ^ f t w 8fe, c t w t f t w i8, vorfe?, iff 1 rtwtfftri/ioi
r t r w t ? e, c t w 8 I wtwftftt?? r w t t f c a t r r w i ^ s f i l ^ f i r "spffew g r w tre?? w f w t f ? f??ftc?? ttet
t t l ? t ' ^ s r tbttf Wf, 'ssff t t f I w?ffw I t t t w t f t e w a w r ? ttw? ^s t f t ? w t f r ttîilft ct,
fWWWWtIftC?rp i, tfR?H wtl tfttt? tftf9HI C f 5 wftea r t e w a t ? t r t e f a f t w ^ f t f tw?w tftiw te? r? i
i, ftww cf5 A, c ? t ? f t f t i # f i ( t s r w f f s ) 1 a f t t f t t f f f f t t f t t f att^s f t t ? t e ? t f e t ? f t ? f f w t t ?
wiwtfftr i/ioo-i tftrcf I t r t ? ? f r w f r f t r ^ s ^ f t w w r f w ^ ii8fewet
wrtwft o a f t t wtft? WtW ? t f t f t t a w i ifeofe w c t ? o i ttttw r t t i i f t 1
well?? t t a f t t t f t t f t w r t c w w i ^ t f i t f r ? i R S W W w t f t t t r a f f t t f w t ttl?w I ffcb? w t t t t w e ^ f t t f f i f t ?
ft? t w i t r ? W t w G w i w r t ? f t t w t r t ? f t t a f t w r ? W t f ' WW? t r ? t t f w t w t ? vs t t t w e t ? fvs?ffcf a f t t w t w f i t i
WtWtt tftfttw r ? I w f t f t i ? t t a f t f t w t ? t t w ? crttft ctfttr? fwc?? ttl?wft f f f t c ? W f t f f f I S w ? - f f Cftet a f f t f f f t f f r
WW r t I a t t t ? wtwit tta?t? w f t t w t t f f i c t ? cttrtRt f t e ? f ^ t f I w c ^ f f B f f i t f f t -êw t i ? 8 . r i ft. f^, t r
c r w r t ? ? I t t a w t f t r t ? t t f t f w t t f t t t t f f ? r w t tvsttw w t t w?ww?, f w ? r t e w t ^ t trt? t f f w t rr.vfe ft. a t t
c r r t ^ w t f t t f t G wtrt? c w i t f a cwrtwr t t t t t t w t r t f t i f t - f f % e t ife.ife ft. I tfew? w t e t e t f ^ ^s f f f f c f
a t t t ? t f a w ? trsf tlct? w t f t f t t t t t t t f f ? ? # ? r r r f r ^ w e ? tfff t t f t t i f w ?ftref, t t e t t t '5<3ft t f t t t f t
wtrwf cbtgft r t t ? ? ^ f t ? ? w t ? t l c t ? r f t ? w t t a f t f ftrwtt? I t c t t t c f ? Wttet ?tfrc?? f f c f f f f ^ I
c t t ftwtet? (ife8i) t ? ife8v t t e t ? ife wf^t?? t t a w t t fwft? t f t t t - a ? f t e t t t t w t , t ^ f t e t f f W f f w ? i
f f t w w Ate rw? f t r w f f w ^ ^ r f l t I wiwif tîwt ^ f i t t t e f t f w t wtfc ctftct t f f r ? t e ? ? W f r w tfti f ^ i
f ^ e ? ? t t t t t t t f f t t a w I r f t s r ftrwe?? t? wiwrcf? t w t t f f w ? f f c f ? fwsfte att^s ftsf w t f t f w t t ? tftrcf i f f f t t f
r ? W f t f t w t t t t f f ? I t w t t f ? ffwtct c r t c t t f f w f a a f f t -ttffff ttfiw? ftsf f t a c f a t w c ^ fwette t t t t t
? r t i ? ft W f w t f ? t t t f f ? I w^ t w i t f f l c t t tt??w ffte cwsr rtttfit. I
f f t ? I ftsf ffct? t e t t t w t w t t f c B ? ?t?et f w t w t f a w ? WfffWiC? wfwtf? tttWiT f t C f ^ t t ? f t ? i.ff ft.ft. fC?
twtw t f f f t t f ^ r f f w f l c t t I f f r f f e t ? w e w t e ? ? f c t w t f f f tt? f ^ f r ? t t t w e t ? ttt t t ? f t f f f t f r r c f i
wfbe?t t t a w ? t w t w ^ f t f r f l c t ? i ifesfe w c t wwm w f n i t f c f f i f t e ? tttwew? f w ? f f c f ? t r ? t t t f f t c ? w f t f f i
tt?r?' f f c r w e t a f t f t w f ? cttt? f r r c f c f ^ f t f w f f ? ? f ? t s t t r t f t wttfew f w r ? ' f e w ? r t t , t?tfr?ttfiet?
t j t - ^ i t f t w ? f g ? i r f ? t t r t t i t f t I wwtet? f f ftctftte?? wt? t t f t w t?e?? Cfi? f f f ? f e w t j t f ? r t t i f l t i ffes? w e ^
? T ? f t t f ^fm w f f e t t t f e w t e r t f f f f i f W rtîlfft a t t f w s f f ? ctftct ffww? tte?? W f f t a t r t f t c f owwcw
t?ff? t i a f lit? ft-astt? f f fftr ffiilflt I f c ? I acwea a t e ^ f w s f t w t t t wgrtt? f t a vs ffwfcw?
W W >iiictiitc't w w t t t t r f f f f w f i t ? f f t w f i t I ifeffr 'v5?eftft'ftttc? ?T?f ?ftiw jie?, r ? I
t t e t ? r i c i s f r f t rw? f t a w t w t t t f f f t R fftet?'fti?ffvs f t a t t t w t f t fwfffwic? ff5fcf? f f e ? f w ? - f f t w t t t t t
r w m t f f ? i c t t t f rw ffewte f t t t w t t f r f l t I t t l f f w w t t f f t r t f t r e f I trt? t f t f ^ Wtwtft?, f g ? - f f w e t t r ? f f t w t
'sftt.fct? ftw w t t t t r ffct? c a t ^ t a s t w t flîiitrt i wtwtct? 55.ev ft. a^t f f - t f T O t s . o r ft, i c<itcti t c t j t v s f c w t
ttttf ft'StCftt
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IIS. wfGviRsi
TOit wgfsftffwn f H f ^ , wtfeo at'sR wnmt f n n ftfe fmrfmnfCA tnwtt mw wftmcAt nwmn Sm^tft at snenn
mmtcitw wRam nsRrt Sm? Sfert R ? T % I I R f nnRw? fnn^tsftt? ncm nnese? tft^ s fnwtms fnnfn I
mîtfcwi) sm?Tn f n nnRcn? mct? ? ^ n'ani?f fnfrn tRfcn fnfnw w f S i t tmA?t, cnm ntwfnm wtment nnfwn
nsnw? nnn wtm?n nsm stsifln i ( n ^ t w t f n ctnmt) ant nmmtte? cmtmmft n f w n
%f5 ffmn mnt fnfn atcnt m?tn nm fnm nnfwen atcnt wm ( i n o o - o i f . ) I at n n f w n ^ m^^nf wntfw^R ewfn
ntn I fnfncw fwnft atcnt m:nn atfwft awit wnffcstn fncs ^^tffw tfcwn fnnm f n cmt wtffwn ant ^f nnfwcnn fwwn Atc^t
ant nnn? ^ ffmn mnn wftm wtcA i siftw?lt ms ant ^sist s
atsfncw cnm mn i fwf wtemsj SnRntftc at ^^fncw aw
n^ftw nwm n#(w I win cwscnn cmt ffmnft mmnn s f f ^ ,
nw wftm fnntt wm ttstflt cn, a t s R menn mfnw tfnwwmn
nncnni
awft wtfnmn wtt stm SftntcA i wffwf at w%R mft?
cw#5t atcntmtft ijnmn ms ant twnmct w n wtfwtffwn
stew wtmmwtestftjmn itm wnsn nn cn, atatwmftS^mff
n?^ f f w mm frnnnt awit wmmwin wfwc^nn ncm tm ftff
<tsifln I fnfncwnRnftajcnt nnnmnn wic?fwnm cnmen fttwj stew wtfnmei; stew men f t n wtncn mwm nnmnwtf
fwnft ffsntn nftmcA i c w ^ fwtnft n f ant wn wtfsnwtn, wf?en%icn? mmen, Rtm mtrte^ t^mff amtf fffen?
ftsf mctn atfwftmm?nwr?iwtwin f f f t i mmen, ntmm nmaftesm ent^fnn nffwenn nc^t f t n wtnen
nnfwcnn wwin mn fwnft 'cn'-cw fnw^, ntcntnft nftffwn mwra wtfnstfln i S^mff nnfwcnn nem at t ^ mn t f ? w ^
ant mctn atfwft wnwtfRn i mctn^'cn'^R fmfftwtcn wnffsr ttfenn nrat%nn nnfwn- ( i e o i - o e f . ) ant ttAmm -nnftfen
w% mm wMtftw, fwf nfcWn nftwtn 'cnft awft nw wf^mwi? ( i f f 8 - s v f . ) fnmm i atsftrew atmn tfcwn met f t f t m
ffSF mm w t f f n w , mm? t m m nw s w n n iwt cttwt mtmc? i mnft wnt|w nftmcA (nteffw) i
atmn n^tftcw nmnft awft wtfwtwtn f f m n Snnnnicnt ststfln m t n t f f f t m i/soe-^
ntm m%ff wn nfmffwn w ^ R ant cw#n atcnt n f s ^|lBvi(îil 8 tmwm (tmm ostm) wmwn i v ^ . i f f n f R.
ffsntcn? t t n fnfnw fnc?t ffmen? Snn wn wfnm wtc^ I nfwn ft. I tsen nwitmn, mtcniAn wftnfn ttewm, nffet ttnm
innwcnn tntnftn ( P h a s e o f t r a n s i t i o n ) t^ft atfasmt Snnf mm Stewm, fen ntffm ttewm, tf^min ^^nff ttewm i atmn
cwttsfnew 'jwff cmt w n tfsnffwn ftcn^n mmem mmmt wm nft g tmnR, fbwnit, nfft ^wmf i fffnm ffwn ftn
^mfln innfifcnnwtfnn^mfmcfewfffnwwtesMt i Sestemm i
wifwtffwn m''^^ wfwff^ n f t ens ten? twn mctn ttestm tsn 8 f t cnfwt ftrat encntsn mnw ^ wnf^ I
"fg ffwsfncw sntwtn wnniffwn. fww nftntCA i niewn wwrsn wtnwn n f R. ft. I wnntmt e i ^ s ; f f n (to. vsn%, -nfsm
wtenn iftn wtet awft n f wtnnenn cnwtfnmn mtw, mm'
nnnfiew awft emesfS mm wnfw ^mfin I
mtntefe ^ tfcwn wtfwtwtn Rmn ntftcnn fnw fmmt ^fMft^t
eitsenlC't? ntft mm wnfw i nnfwen? fnfnewn n f t wtcn o sWi
mtenmsR ami wt? cnm;mn m i atmn fwinft fwf&t wfwf%
wtnwtwtn cgsenn nem f t f f w ttmfln ant tm? tnfwmn n^
cnnemenn awft Rw mm nfncttRw I
nfnwftm wmtm ftnRjw t n f ^ t t o cêst wtfwnfn mnfwn
fmn nnfwn ant inwt tAcn frnttntn at nnenn wenwft fnnfenn
n f t f n % i at c3f? tmnwcw'wtntfttw ntgtm-nnfwn'ftnten
fsRw wmntn i .,_ / WTO
wtft nnfwcnn men? wttiem ftntcnncrofwi ftctn nm

w m n m i awft aww nfst ant tm? twn t t ^ wnnfst w%
nsentcn fntfw at nmm? fnnfnnfCA? nem mtm ^ m r m ami
tn wtm t A t t nfetn tmA?t i a?it men? ftmtn n^nt twtfn
ctnmt ant wtrm'i t w t f n ?^ fnew f s n - f n mtnrn
tnntft ftpsewm
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IVo
8fe.fevs% I w f t t j i a t t f t f f t f ft. ft. vHi Wf I f f w i t f f e w w f A ? Alt cfTwT ttw ttl I w m w t fe.os t f ft.
Alt A.ofe% I ft. 1 w t t i t i t HVAff; f5Ptffi.vv%, t f ^ 8v.iA% 1 tfwra r t
Aff.8%, W f W l M A, t f t t t t w t i, f f T t f t i t i g f t i I
t K t I ^ f f s t ff, Ctfsn i i i , f i t iAfe I wfSfiff t t w f i t ifeAfe t t e t I t f f c t tr f fo^ I tffftt
t t f t t i f e i , tf%? i H . ffwr i I f e g f c t i f r s c t l t t t t t f w t , 1, cftwt iofe, f t t i Sff I
w f B t l f m t t f w t , (ymm t t f w t , j f t f s f i i t t f w t , awrw ftftt ffffftft f f W f f s f f t wttet ffff% f f t
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W t t l t f iA88ff8; f s P t ffi.8i%, t f t t t 8V.fffe% I f t t t t t W t R vfi f f t t f R C t t t!{1teft, t t ^ t f t f fte?t ftf t t f e t e t t
J9H.Aff%, fn? A.fffe%, "SRlttJ o . i f e % I f t f t t t s i t Ate t t t f t , f c f t tft titt ftttett sfiitttcft I
f C t t t t W t t f t t f t ftTItrt a t f f C W t t t t C t f t f f f f t f W t t t t t t t f t f f A i V , tfttt 88, f t f f t t i I
f t t t t witfeef I Wttltlf ;)Ao8fei; fiPt ffi.iff%, tftw 8V.Vff% I fttwt
f f w m Alt f f w t t f t t t t g ^ A t t A i . o H % ; f ? F t Afe.8%, feS.oV%, frf A.SV%, w w t w o . i 8 % I
t f t t t i f e . V % I f e t w ff, t t t f t f f f t t t t f i f f , t s t f l f t f t t t f f ffwra rt, ffw ftfttt t f r t A8%; f f t Afe.i%, tftw
f f t J t t t .88, C t t t f t f t f i t f t f f f t J t t f AJ, t t S t t t i V I i V . S % I WRW A, f^bftflttf i 8 , t f ^ W r l f f f f f J t t f ff, W f t w
tltiaft ife, vStlftt sPIt ffo, t l t t ! t l t f i I i s , t t f t f t f t t t f f t f f l l t t ffff, Ctt?Iftft f t t t f f ftftftf 8 i ,
Wtetlfm t t t t C f f t f f t 8 f e . i f % , f f t J3tff v!)o.AH%, W f f t t r t e s w t t f t s, f f f f f t f t f t o I
J t t f f % , f t A.fefe%, r f f t A.Hfe%, t t t t t fe.fej%, W t t t t t f t t f t f f tftcgft A, w f t e S i f t r t i, ffww awcft i , c t w t
V.i% I t i l ff I
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V S i C A ^ , W t f f f ffoO C ^ I a f f t f t o % , ^ f t f t feo%, A i , s 8 % , Wfft Jtfff A.8o%, w t w s.o%, rfft A.feV%,
t f t f t t t i o % I ctc5<i wfm w t t l f t w f t ff<% I w w t w S-fefe% I
SJttt f f t f t t t t t , f i t , t ^ , f t t , f t t t , t t f t t , ffttw, t f t , r t e r t i w f t issfeA.ii c^, fff w f t ffovo.ofe i
a f f t f t oo%, f t f t f t ff%, f f t f t t t i s % I ctebt
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wrsra wttlft wft fffe% I
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f t t t f f t f t t rt, t t , w t f , tftb, ctQR, t t r w , f g t , t f f t ,
f f f t r w t 8ff ft. ft., w t r - f T f t r w t A O ft. ft., f t r r w t
ftit, tfttt, f f t , ftft, tH, f t f c r t f^ I
OAo ft. ft. I
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rtrwm iv, csitt A ifeaterttrtrwttwfttftr, cfcr^,
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ft. ft. I f w e t wtAltt f f e w w , f f w e t t f t c f ^ f f e w w ,
f c f c W A f t ^ f f e w w , f f t j c t ctacftw t f t f f e w w i a t
f f e w t m f r a w f t i f ws a w w i f r t t f t s ttl, r f f t , r t f t ,
CWft fw I f t f t t f t f 1 f e a f c r t j w a f s w t f i ,
f c t f , f i ^ s t i t t t f t t t I wftttf, WW, attft -a f i f c w f f t i 0 5
f-s*7^ 8 8
fcat c r t i I J _1
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wiDSmit
ajsfln ^--jpsiifn wpi, witM, wm, ft^fft (ntwt), wnt, c*kf, sttftn f^nf-tifn s s t f r n t n s ffsfffn, mtftsttf (mmf mm) -a
nsfn w n t t t , nst, w t p , "wtnntn cs^, f t t f n n t f e n i mfm ttft stten fwn tfwfnftt fwnft nnfwn f f n f t i T ^ ^
ntwt niT (f fw. tn.,wntntwt ntt t f w . fn., wtm ntstAtofl-fw. R f f n ant wtt^tinicmmn wftnis ntffn tRtmnetn i
fn.; cnftt Ab- nftwnn n t t n i at ttewm Atew ijssto men cwwtm wtemnenn
nnntn fnn i , n ' f n n i o , fs^ftn w n A , wcsn fnn i , nnntn ^ m w An I
w n A, wttnfajm w n ^ , mn s wfBt w n Aff i ntetn wtw AAff, wnntmt ioo&oto; ffi.8A%. nftm 8b.ffb% i f n n m n
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AAff, s c s f ^ t i A i ntswtn t e ancmm i .
mtntwtn, cnnt s Altntwts i n , cnm A I tcatcmtr Attntwins nnfwn i o o , n f ^ oto, ffwt n i f n # f n nnfwn, ntcm
csfttifw, n f e t , gcwn mwtn, w s n t t t t , mn6ic=nn ntwm i wtsinms mwm, mmf wtm ntsetm nnfwn teatentm i
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ttw-nnfw I 8, A t t f n Oto, maim i o , n n w t f srttfnw fnmtnn ffi, cwnnwtfn
t t e w m mw wnctf^ i , t t n w < ^ ^, tfswum stttfnw fnmtnn ffi i mnfnw mtegft i i
CW5 A, cmsfecn% Atnmmn i(n?j::ffw) I . wnettffn stmn c t m f f n ff>.ob%, f l n 2ifnw Ato.too%,
mintffftm i/i8o-8 W f f n 3fnw A.S)i%, n m m o.S)%, mwfn A . n 8 % , wmtm
^TttSnrtft i t t e w m (tnsm? cwm) wtswn AS)oAi>A n f fw. 8.88% I
fn. 1 t s e s tf^ns'f, t s n - i c f t t s t f nnn t t e w m , f c f cntm binesitr wfn Aiops cAts i cncbn w t s w m wtntfn wfn
t t e w m , nf^n t i f s f t s nnn s ntftm^stf^ t t e w m , t f f e n mnw b.88% I
fnt I stmn n f s ttttn, nttn, mtmw i stmn f f n nsnn mn, mt, t n , w t f w m 1
t t e w m t s n oft cnfwt n t m tR i wtnwn i8. off n f fw. ajrnn wn-wmfn wm, wtim, fn, wm, f t t f t , w m c f e t i
fn. 1 wnntmt bffSff; f f n ffi.so%, nftnt s b . o n % i f^t^ms mwt ntt 8to fw. ft., wtm ntt toffo fw. ft. i
ffo.A% 1 AiPniwis A8, enm i I teammttj Aitntwm s wftmta?,
iSioo nten tf%nne^ wnmtjff cwnin w f e n wtcStstf mm fwnnw,ntff s n t w f t i a m m n ^ g m ntn, mt, t n s w t f i
tR AS I iS)8n men wtnw fnwRn n n n fnntwfs cwmn w ^ t t e w m Ttw mesm i , tfnnm t f t w u m cwg ff, ttmw
AS I isibo men tnstw cwnts w f e n wicttstf mm f i t as I cwg n, t n m f n w w t t e s t n A m m w m i ( n t e f f w ) i
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ÎÎ^Î'drM 8 t t e w m (msmnt3? cwm) wmwn ibo.off
'1 n f fw. ft. I t s e s n s f n t f m m t t e w m , n f ^ t CAtnm t t e w m ,
^llwIiilH ^ I C ^
f e n m f t n m f n t t e w m , tfisen n t t t s enmrnft's t t e w m i
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wnntmt ASi>sbffff; f n m ffi.nff%, nfsm 8b.Aff% i fntitiH
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f % ^ t f Am A.to%; f m n Ab.to%, nfsm i n % i wenw 8,
^t^'it'on^ mmfnw fnmtnn i n , atmfnw ftntmn i i s , wfn^jnlt f n i i ,
b-b-o ' f n % mgtm o b , n ^ stoo i
t n n t f fwjfcwm
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80) I twt W|f W l t - t t f w t ? f C l ^ wffw? ( f t f f t w ) wtw?

ttttf ftct? f w WtAttt f t t b W f C t f t t tsffw w r t f t t C f f
fc?t t f ^ ?5ffwt? f f f t t f t f t f t t (t)-a? f f t w a?t tfsttc?
ti?ft?4nfif?ic?H I
wtr? wff f f C t f w t f f W t J t t t f l - f f t W ; W t t - W t f f f , tfft
f l c t t f i p r f f t f t t f i t w w w (W)-a? f f w I W W ? '&?ct
*wtffw-a? t c f 'wttfWA, f^ fAt?? f t f f r w?}fAt ?!C?t I
w t r ? ftft-^c rff? t f f t f f f r c f t f ^ f t f f f t ' f f r t f ?
wtft f"wttw I f f f t ?t? f c i ? ftwct a f c t e t t rrc "itci?
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Contents
Wt?53 0 # ? ^ (?) WHifl A f fl?ft
w i ? ^ A f fffff wwtw ctttft ?ta flet? i wtAi? t t t f f f vs
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f n nfnnfwntcn wRwtwtn nnfn An i ihsb f. fwfn afttntn wfnf fntcwtenn Aown n mq nmtnm tftnens nwtnR ftnten
(a.fw.fn.wtt., sftnfnw 9m) fnâs An i is8 n ncnn mtn^ men at atwe^ attffn. flenn (is>s.to f.) nfnen wfifs^ sn m i
mfwtn stfflw stcn fwfn mwt fnwtenn f n nRpfwnicn mwtn tnntfnw. wiSe^mt www ajwtff wm-fnwtfn wfens fnfn
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f. ntfwn nnwtt^ wtnaen M f w
stmnen S^wn atff^nn wm mtcnfnwt mn ant iswÂ f. cnen nftnncs Sffiiw stmcAn r
stwrtmon wenn (Snen g.) i wenw ntn wtm? f n nen fwftmtm, ttesf, wtnf, wtff wrnrn nnm n^ flenn i
(a.f^.ff .mtt.) wtw wfnmn tn is>(f nemt ^ nten Rft mfw^tn is.aA f . Atew nsftw, mfnw cntAt^, mcA ns titft s^
cwlfn nnwtenn mfn wntSf cntf wn cncw-iif aêwtenn nrnfnw ffttwra f m s cnffttw ant wtnf, w t f t^ tte
csifnc^ fnfsi An I >>xiv nenn ^^prtt nten fn mfw^tn cncw^tf W f f t w wfnm, am^ cms fw twitft atwtffw A S I cntîn f | w
afcwfn cntcEn cajfne^ ftmen fwfn mwm fwfnm wtenn i A S mt I mtm asnef atsnffw mtmenefs mssfftw mtm
is.too nenn nts ste iSiÂ nemt \r i m t fn ftfwm wRrnn atnncn fnefn^ ftntes f f n viRîcs w f f w fwim (g.
nnwtenn ffnn n^ntncn fft f f ^ Sfcntt fen wntffew ant s> S^ wf%menn nrnffsmnews atn^ wm, ^ iSivs) i mtm
i^mt ^tew ih<b(t nenn v ^^mt nn cw#n mnfnw mfwn asncvsf w ^ stsnffw (ij>irto f.) wi^ffn f m f (AtfA^rD-as
wfmnenn nnm ftmen fwfn wfnw mewn i wwgfn mwm fwfnm a f t wsim f f n wfnm wfnntein ant t^ ae^ mrnnrn
wtfnm wnffnn f%mw (fw.ff .wft.) fen A V imt, ^'ioâ ncn t fss ens f f n awwn nnm flenn i f f n an. an. tsmm nfsw
wfnftw An ant Aa- cn, is.^^ nen nnwtff mfff Atew wnnn Cultural Heritage of Pakistan stftn a f t wsim
2tAn wcsn I Wfnrn f s s t e s i f m s wfftw atfnfCAs nesi f s f n f f w Q f n
wnnn stAcnn WW fnn mist fmew mwt fmsfnmtnesn wmmff ' S ^ f f g
(Swtmn fen fnemf atmn wm tn i fwft at fen i n ntnn nmn (i) wft wtftm twstenn mfnw f f f wtm s ^ - t cnff
flenn i cmmn fnew fw^ nnn Rftfm^fnmtnenn wttn mtenncnn ste^ mtm wtmtftnm (tnntfnw m t S e ^ wfw atwtffw,
(wmm<a) ntfttfs mmn wftntflenn i fwft wmff, mwt ntwmf iSiVtof.)
ft^Sftmrtnenn fnfwew5 mmi flenn I Rft mwt fm#mtnn cwteSn (A) Wtf tnntfn A W stfw fnfnn mntfww Snmrens
(nfmen fnent) fnnffsw nmm flenn i ntwm% fmflftmtnenn (wtfftA) t f wfsm (mfwm mnfncwfn wfw stsnffw,
a w i p B f n w wtSlnenn^s f w f t nnm flenn I
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f w f t ito wStnn, is>nn mn stc A i f t t , i>s>nsrnnmi
(^^) m f n ftwtfn wnfstn -^fwmfnw Snmm fAtmn t f n
tnmftw wfSc^fn mtntemn-an nmffnmnw flenn i wtmst wtfnn ^ t f ^^c mtnrn wfsm (tnmftw wiSc*m mtntenf
wmen wtScwmR tmn atffwn ewtn mf AS I f m s nnen wtsm wfw StWtffw, iSiVo f . ) I
mf^fw Semtef mtrnn tnmffft^êwmajwtefn ffnwwmft fAm cftfttf ssms neft sftmcA i fssm t n m f fstcsnen
tnntfnw wiSc*fn fAt wen i issnto f. mtnt awictof ntf^^ WtAm cnf wenwit cntinw nsm stwtffw T^ntCA I f m s ntfmm
t n m f fntewm ntcn awit m-ginff tnmftw ieitc*fCHS inwB f f ^ tfwAm ntsFt t t 'nigtm f f ^ mtnrcnf' a f t
^stn wen i wmn wftf atmm tAt aiwtcf wtstft An ant tms . fennntfnw nsm (mtm awtesf wfw stwtffw, ihva f.) i
nf^-fnftnn c nmtnmn wm fts nnniRPft awft mrnnnt fftnn tnntfnw wiSc^mmn nmffsstnw mwtwrfn tnntfnw
ftn wcsn I f f n fncw flenn S^ fisnens nrnniw (fnftw wemn wnwtesn nt^n .wfcmen fft mtntcncf nnftn awft wtswtfww
wmg. n.t.ft., in nt., im, ffnwt) i fAsn t n m f fmsewm t n m f n w n mwm wfttenn mnw mm i fne^fin wenw cnf
atnnenn ffnwgntft wtAtst f w t e f tnntfnw viSe*fn wfw stew stffnfnnf at nrsmen anmm fnntflenn, ntAm wtentsi
fftw A S I a t atwi?i mtmemn.fnfn nnsmfff nfnwwmn fnnn fln 'fninn frn^ mnfnw m f f ^ nmn' i at ne-snen
tnntf ft^stcwm
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wRÂWwS%
a f t mm mraf, t e j s f s w m f mmn wnwm winmn rnn^t wm n ^ ncn nnn wcsn i w f n n m iS)no -pm cmttf t f n m t m i i m
^m%i I -an nnst mfwstenn tnnttsw nvs^ft-nffft ftnten f n t t n w s
Iwtnwcnw (Tinifnw 2(fwtti?in m;5f s j w j w i r n wtsw ftjnn i wfîm f n n wcsn ant atwTtnf?m m;t t f n m t n , wtmn, mttww
R t n i s > i o - i i f s n m mt^wttww cnrmfn o o i n ^ twmn t ^ ; ^ s m s m t f n tsTtft cntfnm f c m f ntw f s n t f l c n n i t f n
n w f n n m tnntfsw ^n i nn^j mtwsm tmn' tin 1 1 ^ fs>stestj wenwnrn nnn w f t m e ^ , atmn is>on-ov pm fsn
fsimn n f n n cmttff ^ nfnnfn wm wtmcnn fntwf Jiiîscnst f n f n m t n c n wnrsn wtmnrn w m ; f f t n w t t f t m s a t f m
wnwtnnwt S f w wfnt:w nntm< s n^mttfrn ensm wtmn wtte^nenn wtnten f w t e w m tnfg wn n f t n f n s ttcmenn
wwnrg^ t i n I iS)no ncnn. i A n c ^ mtntcnctn S n f % t wnscn t n ^ cmn ^ n tmrc^ wcswmn i
fffwc nrtnw mnmtn '^m*! An i frn?^ fnfw^ cmtttt wn n f t n wrnrn nnwiesn wmên aw fnetnw nenn ne^ tmm
wntn w J n f s wtmn nAmtfcnn cstin cnt nnn cnn t w i mmm nweswrnifn fnff fAS qnn wftntflenn ant n w n atwtesn ffnn
Cfnn wen i cnm wtmn cnfBtfnmncnn m? Ate i5mn# fwntn affwtm mfffn wfnmflenn (is>A %) i
mnft wen wianiin tnfnw A S I entsfn m:n i p i f A ttntenn mnAw f f n mfwn n n m t t n - a n atffnft ftnten f n m f n f n n
AtsicA I nnwof wtcn nnst msntcmn n t m wtswtfww emttftn wfnmflenn ant f s t n t m n f n , cmrtt twitft nwn wfnstflenn i
o A v ngn f w m nftw ttstCA i fwfn a t fwntn wtSfnn mn t t e m f s w'|iiaien awtfnwnm mttwew w c n s # nennen f f n
n^faî-an stffnwn nwnn flenn i fwfn flenn mwt mt^mn flw^n ernfrnn wtsntem r # i t w t nnwtenn wtmen wncmew a f t
t n n r n mnw nntwenntfnw ntW? w m w n atfwttwt ^ wtftnn t n n r f tfnn fsssw wrswifw^ n c w n cmtm f s n t f l c n n ant
^ I mtntemn nrnmtt mtemmRn fwfn wmwn Semtsn i Rft entmen assft aisw m t wfsntflenn ( i s i i v f . ) i
flenn 2tffnsnm<3 m f t n t s ' njtwmff i fwfn mRm nnrnSt fnR^ nncn f f n fm, enntmr, ffnn s w t f n (wtwmfn^m)
aentfnenmnn cfft mtmrm wfmnntn flenn i fwfn mteSn n w s wftnte^ I msw tmtAfcncts atm n w n m w i , ' s n ^ f f t s n
nneat n m n mtwm mSeSn fnmmn ^ ant mtntemn mScBn n f f n wn t S n f c n s f c m f t f n mtntew i
fnmmn t i t m n ss\^ flenn i mtmemn m t t n - a n w t f s ftntft ffn ftmr s f f f f n e m m s Asnw m A w t A m f f t A ( s )
wfnitn nA-nwtmw flenn i fwft flenn mtm awtesfn atmt f n n (5.)-'^n ntef .fnntA wesn i f f n f f n m t f r t f A m ft
nrnrn ant i J v o - v i f . Smn nnwm w t f n n nmm, mtntcmn tnfwwm wcsn i f m s f t ^tnm wtt flenn mtmenefs atsm
affmftw cnrmtftn nnrn s aw nnen wmwn nA-nmnfw ant fsmsmw n s ^ ^nnn a.ft. ntA'fn cATcnn a n t mtntcncfn
wpitn w ^ wmtn nftfwn f n n m m t t m n cntw w n nwnn-an t n f c f t n cwntesn w n f f t r t n s f n w t f n Ainmtw f A ' t m n
aw nnenn mmr i t n m ^ I f m s ^ f 3 t , cwji f a mft t f n fnfne5^5-an cwntesn
is>8 i f . f f t t nnwm f m e ^ 'mn mesn' cnwm enn i mfwm mtenwm ant w f n i f a mtntent nnwiess ntsn i f A t s ^ wmft
sjf^flw Asmn nn t f n t m nwn w t ^ i m f w m nnwm f m e w ntfn t t f stf I
1nwtm-t tfnntw' tmfnew f f n w wen, f w f t m s Rft mm wms w t n f ntcAS flenn w t n f sfnean w f f s n f awwn ftft
wftenm i f n f n n i w f s r m m n m , m f s f mnen f m s f f ? atestm f n m
f f n 'jfffn m cmn qnn wfnntc^ s n t f wtnen fwnrnn, A ^ enm fgmm i wrnrn wnewm nft t f n wmt w t c f m wenn
fnmnen w m ^^mn, awrnn f m n f f f m n ncsf flenn, wm mt I n s n w m t f n ff^n nw flenn i f m n tnnn wtrntnc
awrnn n t f wmn nnwtenn wmgeen f t w f i a f msewn wtss w t e n t w f ^ apfSn nftw mm tftw nwncw fnw aw t i R n n '
tfmm?mwmi w m ? I f f n flenn w m f i f m s fnesstfsw m f ^ flm a w t
wtenfnwt f f r n m n w n wesn, awnmn iS)ai-ffA % ntfwn stnn s atwtnttf cn, f s m t m ^ f w e t f s m n A w f , nAcmfenn
nnwtesn wtnaen ffnn atmnen t ^ w n f f ^ n men t e ^ I w m wfnf w f b i f ens nesi aw ^ s f w t t n t A - t f mnt f f t
stew m s j t n f n n fen wtmn, m s m t f n, Atwt, mttww s entsn wfsw I
qnn wenn i f n f n n m mfwm n n m t t n - a n awft nenn enm Atnwt-ftwm nwenn a t m f ^ tlemt wwi w n t i f m e w
ttmen ntfwn n n m t t n - a n is>to8 f . w t f n wtntew cmn fncw wtmm f n e w wm^^s cnmrnnmt i t n s n i f n R f s n n n t f n f w f
w j t f w n w f f n e n i t t n w t t e w f n t t n w mtew f f n a t mmn f m s fnetn t s f f g j f ^ i f f f flenn sjsîcs -ssn wg, wisncn ng,
t n n t f tmsesnn
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svb-
twtnww? t f f W a f f mt t>iiif Iffffff wf*i?ct 'btfvAlffttt, t t t t w t w^ ifeb-ff, f . Afe; () f'<3e?lw

ffWftwit, wtti?iwrs, w w - i Ate tfiftt W t W ffiefi?, t t t
ffi W ' S m W i t r t w r f f f t ttwf WWf W f f Ate?, fg, attt tt., ifcty? ifeSA, % ifeo I
flAtef f W R t ? AtttfWWt ftfftw? WW W ? f l ? ?sf?C At?1C? I f5^tWfA?tt
CfW? f W f ?t?? ftw? f f ? i f 3 WW? wwft AWs? W f f ? f
* w n ^ - ^ 5 ^ ( ^ 1 j_uc) 8 tiffiw, (?) I W??ef?
wt?w f f f t w t ?3ft:?I ^ w t f w ffft t t w f tnww f f W ? , 'Wftt I t f t f w ? tetet? w w f t w?e?e?f
f r S f W ? twttw t f t t w ? tw? wttw? f f ? W ? W W t t t f t f fww? t t t t t w ttA ' W t t l f ^ - C ib- wwwt, iAb-fe/AA t f c t ? ? ,
f t f r a t t t f t w w fttft wtt? fittn?*t I tc^ ifefe* ttwr ibrfefe ttet wfisiAt ?se?? I fAt? tf W t w t f r t wtAttt, f A t ?
f f f t w j f wt a t t wtnr ttw51 W f f f t f ifefefe wet f f w W'sttw w f f t i t f r t w f ? ^ t f ? WW? a f w ? tfn
feA ?tt? ??Wf f f f t t t f f f t t f W ? I f f A K f W W ? f ^ W t W 'wtftrt's w t f t f ? flet? I ffft A?? "wf (w)-a? f a A??
wftw W A WTA? wtf? f ? ? f t W W f ? f t f A? I a f W t W W , ATtR (W)-a? ?ttt? f i c t ? 1 t f t wâtiw t l A 'wl?ft-tiwt-a?
ffAt? t f w f t l W ffsplfOl a f f t '>5i)vj>i<i ^ AA?ll(.A ttw t? tAfW f f f t t t t f f f f f w w fc?? att "Sfrf f A i ^ "wtf f t t t f - a ?
^t AttI? t ? I f f f S f t t f wftw w t i t t fC?? I t f t f t t f f f wi?f, w^ W f f
stftft s ( i ) M.A Rahim, The History of the (w?f ?nf?t) f f w w fc?? W 3 t i w t i A ' w ? f t t l t l t V3
University of Dacca, 1981, f. A o , A i , A A ; ( A ) w ^ w t i tiAfftif?-?f? f f f t I w s s f ? ?itc<tc<f tct f c t ff>i

t t t f t t f f f f r a t t W t t f W t f f f ' t f f f f t.t.ft., it t t . , UfW f f t t t e ? f f f w w fc?? I w t i f t e t ftft tn? w t f r t W A t t t
ifeVA it., f t f W ; ( o ) f A t t t w f f ? W W t , t . W . W . , ufW ti?-a? tft tftf A t I w f f t fw wttw w m i f ' w f
ifews % it., ftfw ( 8 ) w ? ^ A f f f t f , ttgtw f f w W t t f W t , t l t f Q WâtlW t t f A fAlWt-a? f f f t W t f c ? f f ^ f ? ffww
W t W attef, W W ifeb-a- (*) w f t f t w t f , f W R W t f ? fc?? I wteftc wâttw w f f ? "wf, W V 3 W W w m f f fW??,
f f t f t , f f Wf. w ? f t A f f f ? f , t.w. w t w w t , inw ifeb-i WâtlW W f A fAtWt, Wt1W WlAtlt tlA, WWW W t f ^ ,
f i t f W ; (fe) w f t - f ? W ^ f f t , t . w . W t t t w t , st "ggt, W W tlâtlW f A l W l W ^ f f t f f W A l f "S f t i e t ? WâtlW f t f
ifebro g. t W t t f R a f ? f W ; ( s ) WtWWWl? WtAtt?f W t W W ? ^ - A l f w - a ? f i e ? f i ? f wti???>ct? I W"3WW f t f t i t WfAttt
w f t t f t , W t W a W C f e f , W W ifeV8 t t ? f W; (fe) t?fw? ff^Ttf? ffl>t Atcô w t f t f t a a?t WâttW t f t t fAIWt-a? t f f t
#f?f?ft? fAf? f t f t Ate tt^f # ? ? fWw I Ate wfftffst t f e t t ^ t t f t w ?>c?? I tAi? f? wrottw t t f ?
W..t. f f C t A f f t f f f t c t ? w?et f f f fftwtt? 1 t t A t t A i f - a ? f t a w-stttf 'wHf?
WAW?, w w w w t f ? W A t f t tess f W W W f , W A ' W ? f t -
i --J.-) S i l r 8 f f - i f e i o % , W f t f W f , Wtwtff I W f i ^5tt%?)? f t a t r s t i t t w f t wiAtif t i f f , w f w i ^ t f c t ? fff5
t f w t t fwtf? W5f? W W I t f t a?t f ? tw??f cAtwH a t t t w Ate w f f t i m f^5? t ? t w fc?? I i o i A/ivfeff t t e t t f t
t f w t t fww? w t ^ ac&jt? ^ wtwt? t n w w f ? f f W R I f w g tn? w t f r t wiAWet? tft f A t ? t f f fbwttiti? ttiew^ti fffw
w t t w m w t n w ? t A f f w : t w r f w w n t w wttwt f f f w t a ftftt? fc?? I tfft w s t i w w t f ? ?iAti? te f f t t f t t f , t i A
f f t f t W??W? w f t w t m t tftF? tlett I f f f t W A t f W W f f w f t - w f , W'stiw w t ? ^ , w f t f f ^ t f c t ? w e f
a f t t w f w f t f a w wtttw ftfe?_i a t ?sff? ?fu w w s t t , TW'sff ffww fc?? att f w w? w f w ? ffttw w
f t f f (ifeoo) f f t t t ? t f t f f f w i ? t ^ t ? ( f w f , t f ? t t w 'S fc?? 1 ioiA/ib-feff t w f f w t t t tw<3 fffw ctet? ffff^
wt^twft) I w t f t ? fttttf c t t I f ? tw??f cAtctc?? ' t t f fttwetseg f t ? f C ? ? a?t f f f f t "wiftRtet? ttt t f ? f f t w
f f f t ? ? w i f ' t r e w t w i c t t f t aff& t t l ? i f f a t t c t wf% t f f f f t ? f C ? ? I fftf, fCAf?, ftftff, W?fAR, W W t ,
At^lCf'l I ttAl?t?fst, WflAtfft aww tf?fc?? a?ttif?nTWf?^tt??
f f t f t S ( i ) OA a WlWf t^SlbSi C?l, f f t f l W - i o o o o f e fAlfWf t t A t t f , W'OWW 'wftft W f f , WattW f t f W?5? ? A t R
Ate WlfAW t t t t ' W ^ t f t f f t t t t W S t f bffWfttlt, t t t f t f t t f , wa? W v a t t W t t l A t n s ? w m i t i f , WaWW f t f f t t ?
t w t , Ct ifeSfe, f. 8fe; ( A ) W t W aWCfef, TTW ^c t w t t "wf c w a t f (tl?pT f t f W^sttW WA^-AlWi?ra ffw), W a W W
t*t"=llf t f f C f l ?
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wtf ntwt' wtn-twtfnft (n)
?rt%T wtfsrtn tttftt, ftnf f s w n ^ff5R, ntfnrw wtsntn tnesnftn ^nmr' wrrsr-'^BîQ^ ( ^ j j U ^ i . L ^ J ^ I ) S
nAwff aifcnn nft n t w wenn i fwfn tnntenn fnf%g fnnn, (n), wnmfnnrf fttnmn [fnfn w t f s f t n m f f t mtntew fwf
f f ^ nmw stwfw fnnen wtmenn nft wiwlHi wenn.i n A t n f (n)-an nftw mê, A S mtl, mfn^, nwtnen wtmn ntn
i^î^^/ivs.to nen fwfn wtfntn-t wtnt mffn nrnw t s f t ntntn "tnmn, f f w m nm fnnAR w t m wmn w t m wrsfmA, nwrscn
2tff^ wenn i ioio/ib-s.^ nen ntntm fmrnn 'wi# fcsfff WtAm mn 'Swtftn i t f n $*B|SSIS nc fwfn n m n f (n)-an nfnts
ntfvsnffn-'Sntm wiemnn n^ wfnen nnfn ^can ant ftf%gtcnftwscn i i ntnn fen wnjfAt wcsn ant Smmt t f f w t ftmn
wtmn ntmm-nAentffm wenn i^!)i/J>v^s.^!s nen ffn m ^ - t f n t f n w t n f n ntfnewn mwfwten tnfsnn wesn ( w t w - w t f t
ntfsntfn-tnmin nêmft ntfwnftntfsw^n i i o f k n ^ , itrJi.i wm-fwrw'Ftfew fwfn a t 'm cnffntcAn) i w t f w t i t n n
nen fwfn wtnn mm ntsntm ntfnm 'wtnfn-'wtftenn wmtn nft m s m s nenn, fwfn i A n ntnn # f n w flenn i w t f Atfn nemt,
nfnnnfeat wtn^ ^n i f f n w t f t f s t n m f f f f mtntew, n m ftwcnn t n t n m n stAt
wenn ant i A o ntnn f f n w % n n i ^ntfwftn nc fwft i i n
wtmn atnn ftn tnfwwtenn nn' fwfn iAV2>5o8 men m^
fswfe f f m n t wcsn, f w f tm nftw nn i w m - f ^ nenn, fwft
fnmtn-ntft mesenn wmtew fnntA wenn i ioA/i5o(? nen fwfn
Atnm nmSts wtet ntm mn, wtms msttnew i o n ftwfew i mmn
e^wft enm ^ wenn i mn^-tfn nrfentfn -Smmn fwfn
n t n f i i o ft. tnfwwm wesn 1
ntftsj ftmn wwsm fnmns mnsmm wesn i
t f n mm, ntAm t f n m'^, w t f fs'wt, t s n wtnfnn' msn
ia ^ntm Stm, i8iA cw^mff, is>A men aa nmn nnen
f m e w fmg n t f ( < i i ) wttrtfnw wfnmcAn i f f n n f ( n ) - a n
mnenfe fwfn tnfwwm wenn i mmn fnn ntnenesfm^ mfnntftw fcat f s n r n A t f i sfnt wenn i f f n 'Smn, 'wtf, t n n m t s n
cntnttn mennten m^, 'wimîA-^ wtmew mwn wm An i i?=imn, nifnt t f n ^ f f f n , t f n wrssm, w t t m (m) atft mmf
stwnff s ntfnm 'wtn^-Attm flenn wtnwnenn wmwn ^ e mftA n f m wRsicA-t i f m s fnwt ^ e w m f i nfm
nfft I wtnft wrnrn fnffw w i t m; nm 'fnAt^t-msntfwn wisstcAn wtftn, w t f n t f n Atfsn, 'wtsw w m - w f m f , n t A f t s n
WTAtn nnte-wt Se^mmm ffi SmtAtenemi men rnnmwtn m s f n , t n m n w m - w r f n , wifn-wttmn, wm-wrm wTf 'S^rnn
nffftn #nff tmew wtemftw ^meA I tnnrn srstenn wm (n) atft I t s n mm nenn, f f n flenn ^ a s t f s w m nfn's
SmtAtenetn nnattn cn nwn n f f l f wtfnn wenn wtAtmnA AtfcAS ÊTcn n f ^ ant f f n 8o stns f m s mamens tmnfw
WtAtenn nnntnfnw nftftenn#nff S^ afc^w^ mtnteii wesn I f f n fwtT wtîewtm flenn i f m s f f t S t n c ^ w f t
WTAtn wmtm stein nem nftme^ ( A ) jen mmt, (o) tmn-t wtstnmw f^ m t n wfnm nsm wesn %
wrmm, (s) m'wtfnfn 'wtsmfnw, (a) wtîfn-ntffnw, (to)
wmftfn wtwrnn, (n) wmRn^n wrsnin, (b-) fwwifn-ffm, (&)
nnntntftn, ( i o ) wtnfmen wtAnm, ( i i ) wtffgn-'witm, (iA) jjLS A S J
mnS fwtmwm wtm, ( i ) ntnAmt^-wtmn m mntwifw-mnm, "fft cnt m ntfcnn nemwm a t f t nrf^ f ^ m n t f s n t e w i
( i 8 ) w t f f f - tnnrn, (ia) fspn-^nm, (ito) wtffwiw "wtm f f n ^ptmn (n)-an nfsmw attf^ fen s tes>s flenn i"
fnm wrff m ^ , (in) wm-wtfn f f tnfwwttn-fnwtftn n f A f t t f , f m n wtn-mfnff f n n m wt^mn-a f m n nffw
fnn-ntn|n atffw i wtmn ^ fesm nem msntm ntfnm wtfn-mmn
A t f i f m mtmcA i w t f mwt' w m - t m f s f .(n) nemt, "wtnm
wtff ntnff (5.) w. msmm ntfnm "wmfn wtff fntrtw "wtflnn s
ain f w t w f t w m I wtmenn fftt aliens siti?o t s n ain mten
fiwm I w t n m S m f n e ^ t wfnm cwfmm fnwm ant Ssnltn fwt f n w m i
at^t^ 8 (i) msntm ntfnm wtfn mmn "wtf) nnff, mntw-t m t n m t t t e n ntftn S ^ f t ntmtwm, w w g t n a f t mf
"wmfn Atfm, ntfsntfn-fntf^, fnft; (A) mmm f . t n f n ,
( n t f t f s nfrnn ^ ) wtfnm Smn f c t n S t n cntsn wtnwm i
wtnfwnten 'Sntnten rnn, mtcnf ib-s.n; () ffnwt, ftAtfn-
msntfwn tmen wrmm; (a) mfnm fnmnm nmf, tnten w w g t s Smn i5ffnew atntf^t wfnwm i mwm rnn ^ " ^ e n
ntwfwmn; (a) mwf'wt-t mmfen wtfnrtw, wmff is>aa f.; (to) wmm nftrwm, tm f s t t e w w m fsfs?^ wnm rnn i w w a n
m.m.t., iAt., f . b-aa-an i wmm swn nten f s s n f f êw f ^ w t f (wm) ffnm ntffm
mfm wmmn wtftf (m.m.t.)y'wtnfs nfn ^ fnwm 1 n f ( n ) - a n nfsntw mf^wten wtft f i n m f s w ant
tnmff ft'êwm
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Contents
WftvSTIt WfS 'Wttfe-'fStItt (ft) % s 'wraftt-fst^R (ft)
wtft? f t t f t m ft brfwif I ff (R) frr? wsrsm ( f f t t f ) f?Ft I wt?v3r ( r ) w t ? ?ftitt?, l i i i VI <ui V

R'st'Ci w f t f R fffTRHt f f t t t t f ? (fW wt fftttti?), t n f t t dJi J > ^ j i j . o J l . i ^ i j t r ? f ? rte f f f t f r ?
f i t t t WtfSt f t H R f f t t t crttt? ftCf W<t,fRt?Rtft fttttCtt fttrtt (t)-cf t t r r - t r c ? i ( f t ffft? a ? i f t ? f ^ t f
5iiff?iir
ftfs f t t ? ? f f t t t t " ( f f t r f t t f t , t f w t f t ttftft, ? 1 ? ( I i ) wtrttf t t r r f r ? w t r ? ftew t f r s i f t r e r f f w t f?t? w t r

vsitfft ttft r f t f t . . . . , t l 8oife; fT? Wtt-Rttfft, fffffiRt, i t Wftttf ffte? I
?t?, t l 8 ) I t t ? t t R - a ? ?f?itew w t ? v 3 r ( r ) t t t t t t r t f C 3 ? a t i
W t f r w t ' wtt-fwtt?ft (?) ?ttt, t t r t tf? ftt??? ( r ) t t f S f f t e t t f r ? ttw? f e t ? I t f t e w t r t Wwttff I f t ? t
f t f f t t ttcw f t t t t ? rt? f f ? f t > o w?ft? wtttct? t t f t wtftictt I w f vs f g t t t t t f r t fftc?? a ? i a f t t f t r e ? wfwtt t f f t
wift f c f r f c ? f t R s w t r ? f f t t t t ? f r cttf r t I twft ft^tf titfc?? w r w t s ? I f t t f t t t t f ftrtwô w f w ft?
t t t c t ? , t f ^ rffWA (R) tftrrcf? 8 "Cft? <)if^cf trtttt C f r t t t t t f r t f t f e t WWCf? f f w r ?w? wr? t t c f w i
witr ft*wttw R R ft?tt twft f r ? w t t t t w ? t t ^ cttr w t t - ' s t i f f f (?) w?w ftf w r f w w w f c a ? f r fc??, f f f t
cttft f f R ft??" ( f t t t f w t r t t f , S t . , f . Sofe, t l A o i I f e ) I ?et?, w t f w r ^ t ttt? f c t f w ? t f f f f f w a f t t ? r f f w ^
ttr? t t ? f t t t ? (r) ^c tttttt? f f t t t w t f f t w w i r ? wi?v8 (t)-cf "ft C f ? I t ? f t i t t t f r fw?? (w) wt| w t f t e f t r ?
a f t t r f t f a f t f t f ttfw r t t i c f ( f . f., S t . , f . 8oji>-8o, t l f t f r ?e^ ? f ^ f f t r c f c t ? i cWfw? f t t t t (W)-cf t f f w
wfBf f f t r r e t i w t t w t f w r t f f w w t r c f f i f i t r wtc? i at
f f f ilt 8 ( i ) tt? r w t ? , wtt-tttr f wttfttft-ttrr, tiWf wt?vs?tt ftft cftffct f f f t t f f c t ? , w t r ? t ? r t e w ^
tt^trft f f l ^ , i t t l . , C t ? t ? ? i O A b - ft., S t . , f . 1 8 , t l fft ctff? c? w t r ? wwcw w t e f w r t w f f f w c f i f f f t
soo; ( r ) v^ c t t f , irftf w t r f ? , tttr? R - , ^'R-, ^ - t . , w t ? v 8 t c t t , wt?ftr< f t t ! f a ^ t t t w r f T ? ttt& ftct wttw^s
i r s ; ( ) t ? f t w t f ? , f t f t f t r , f t ? t r r wtw-^r? tft w t r ? wt<if r f f w t wct w t f t t w i t w w t r ? w f t ? t w f w t t

w t t - w t r f , t ? ? i w wt.ft., fft., i f e i - r ; ( s ) t t ? wr?tft r??, a ? i w t r ? t w ^te sfffatt t t f r f f t w t t i ct cw wtwr? f ^
w t t - t t f t w t ? f tt1?fttft w t t r ? ( t t t t t ? srtcw f @ w , 8 t . , f . ^c t w ft? t t r wtftrrcf i cWfw? w t r c f fw^rw f f f t , w f t
1ff)l1brii>.
ft f r t W f (t)-a? w f t ? t f f f t t f ? ftff W f c t t , r t I C f r wr^
frtff ftt ttrt?ef f f r t f f t , wi?vaw ^ t f wjtt W f t t e f i w t f ttrt? w t ?
mrvsTn '*iMff*i-iiNQiPif ( j _ ^ ^ ^jji w r ? f f f t ffw ?fft, w t f t w t ^ rteff c w w ? c w w ?
._,iL. 11) s (r) rf^wtr ( t ) - a ? f f i w t f ftt?-a? teftitt
w f t t f t c f ? tft, w t ? v a w r ^ rteff c w w c f w r ^ fftffe??
wtrt? r t f f f c t ? f t t f f C f t t t t t f r f w f a?i ? f ? .fci f t tftwrtt f t f e w Cftfw 1 w?vsw tfttett, cww? a t f f c a ?
w i f s t r t f i f fttt? tft v s r r ? t ? t *wi?f tft f t t t f t I wtr? t t r t w - t r c r f f w f ? i c t tft t f f t l w r ? w ? cww? w f t w
v&?ct wt??t? tt w?ifrt f t ? ? fttt? tft ftt?? I tfftvs
ftftsc? w t r ? f t f r t f r w t w ? f r ? i t r f f r w t f w r ?
ftt f f t f tttit f r t f t f t f f ttrf I t f ? t t r t f wi?r
bftW c t t I
(r)-a? f t t t t ? r^sr? f f t w f t f t ? f t f t t wtf-wfft?
ffft c?ftfsf rtf? t^tsffttcf? w r ? ?fbw t f s f f f t w v s
I
w t t - f f t t f t t f ? t t f f f t w t r t t f t t r t f fftrr f t g t
ww w?i I r f ^ w t (t)-a? t t f t f t e t t f f t w?tfr ?bw fc??,
ftfrtft 1 w t t - f f t ^ f (?) w i t - v Q ? i t f f ? f c a f f r f t ? ? ,
ttrt? w i f t f e t t ^ t s
fttt? t t ? f t t ? ? (r) t t t t t t t t f r t f f f t t t wt? f f f t f t ?
r w t wt?vsr f f f w 'wr#t-'5stft?-a? t f f t w t t t ? fftr tftitt?, <dJI J > ^ j U VI

wft t t t i t f r t f t f r f t atifrt^nt ( t ) - a ? w f t ? t f t f r f t i 1,1 al '^ CILJ ^ J LIU ''^ J
w t t r c f tfct t t t t t f r t f T ^c tftw rtfcwcf, w t s wtttra
l..n t* " J L J J L A I " J *> J I-I '1*^ J
r w t r t r t t t r t t r t f t f r c ? ?? wt? wt?'sr t f t c t t , wttt? w r
arr ft f t ? ? wtft w t r f f c ? w t ftftft i ftrt? ( r ) L^l-. CH- f '^''I'-
f f c t ? , wtft w f t t t t f wtftr? f t t f f r ?tfcff, w t f f t w t r ? "vscr wtwrt r f t ! w t f t ffct? w w c f ? wiw-w?w? f t 1

ftft ff?n wtrttf t t t r t f ^ a t i wtrttf t w ^ t f f f m f f r t w t f t ftct? WtWC^Rl aift t w t b t f I W t f t <pw>l^ ffct? tt, ftct?
t t w f tfSCftt
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Contents
wi?\3?n%sSnm(nt) 'mm\fmstimf\{n\)
w i f , f m i m i w i f t >s I apiRwift wrsf W R H wn wm t n m fwnfnf t ^ m f i f n m fnnw mw^snm (m)-n f c g n t m

ww^" ( t f n mm, wtmwtw, At., j . oAe) I wis'sm (m) ft, nsrnn t n ntnn, wmâm fnfw Snrnn (m)-n f r a a n t A l f i nffw
tnlwwtnwimni WTCA (wtcn' wtw-fwnfnf, fwwrfw-wTAimw, m f n - S f ' W R
s t ^ t i f s ( i ) t f n mwm 'înwinif, win-tmm, f w iAb- mnfnn-niwm,ntbA) I
ft., S t . , A A I , n t t n oo; ( A ) t n f n m t f n , tnfn-mm, csAntn t t f n m w R >s wtn-mm f w f wmsm (m)-n f e a s ^ mfA
i o n n ft., c t . , j. os>i; ( o ) t f n m'n, wtw-wmtwrgn f n m , rnn nmfnict nfnt nsfnmeAn i f w f t m j n mwm nenn, tm smtffw
mfnn, tnntw wt.fn., b-t., f . s o - s s ; ( s ) t f n 'wmfnn-mnn, ncA ant w T f n f n w m n - a n f c a f t t m n r f w w t n c w A t m n f m
wtn-tmif'wm ( t m m n mffm), s t . , j. AAS-AI; (e) ^. nsesn ntt I t f n ntnm nenn, w i f r fnnsmenn S t f n S ^ f c a AtfAft
winffiA win-Aifnn, ff'^-m'âm wtn-tnnii^nji, fnnm nfR AtsicA, f w f Sme wmsmn t e n w t f wm>snm Sc^t WTCA
iSoto/iS.b(f, 5Oi 1.1 ' ant t A i t nftw i wtmn ws m f g j wtfnt w ^ i

w.wm^wfn t ^ t ^ . 8 ( i ) t n f n w T % , S n f n t i m , mn tAm w i w - f m ^
^smreisrt ^^mpr ( ^ i ^ ^ j j O s (m), nftm w m - w m t f , tnsiw wt.fn., a t . , % O & A ; ( A ) t n n Afwm

mmf, fwfn n f (n)->an fnwt^ A l f i nfnt nsenn s wm-'wtnwimf, wm-tnmt, ntwtwmtfn fmft, i n nt., f n m n
i o A b ft., St., 'J. AAto, nt AS. 1
' ' - - J " '
fAl^fnt
i -.J '<\
n f ( n ) nenn, " C W R mf^ fnw f f n m m f wfnen cn cnn

(fnmn) S f wen" ( t f n m m w t f f'wini) i
tnmf Rsewm

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Contents

^l<*ic>i^ ^vgN*rn?T ^^<i>Ri^ ^ "ST'ttfw

t ^ t c ^ (^-sr 'TQ) voo )

iTi^TlfSl^ fera*t^ ^??TtCti*t

^yp'tPrTt *l1Wf ( ^TJ ^^^^ )

#^^*fH I ^?rfw t^Mtsi f ^ [ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ >ii^ "sn^^ i ^>iii-fi M^^sm

^TMtw^ lilt <it^viiQ]<i5 - R w n j ^ ^ ? T r 5 # nt^WTS ^ ' ' l ^'=f^'^fc:^ ^^f^rtl^ ^SJTI^ITS^

^?TfW^ i J i V o ^sTt^ ^ 3 ^ ^ f ^ ' ^ C ^ l<^fW{f liR^ fifW ^ ^ 1^ ^TSIW '^'^ ' W i ^

^ ^5Rft^ ^^ypiift s w f ^ ^'Q^t^ ^ c^'*!^, ^ R ^ ,- ^ - f ^ vs<?rt s f f ^ ^^m

^srs]^ w lii^ (^mf? ^ (Ti'Qirra ?n^=r m ^ f ^ rff^ ^'qth, wmti

^^^Mtft i^-^C-^IW?) f ^ ' Q f e ^ "^5^1? ^TRW 1?R?1W ?sf^ ^ ^ ? ^^fHt^ WtTTTt

sr^r* c^5^ l i T ^ ( X ) ^ # ^ i T ^ , (Tit ^ ^Tsrr^ ^ w t S ^ r ^ ^ ^ 1 "sfw

'SRPft^ - ^ T j ^ 7^ Wlt^ "5^ -^tf^Tpn:^, ^'t^ ^ ^ ^SI^j^r

t^Mm Tp'nt^ ^ti?^ ^^jHtjft ^s.^'T 1 ^ s f s m t?Hit, w r ^ , - ^ f i ^ <3

^^^Ttm i.s?>HS?. t=^i5Tift ^^m^ "^^^ ^ I ^ifN^t^ftwn;^ ^ ^^n

wl^irrtft TO t ? i ^ t^^S^-'^ '(^ ^ t ^ - 'ra ^000 mm 'J^ua^ TO t ^ ^?r4m '(^ fl?rR:^

(i^ ^ c^8^ ^ ^ ^?jt r#t^ ^ i sm^prm ^nc^s ^ti^^noti ^^wj ^fi#at

;2Wf w s n f ^ t ^ off%^ jfsi fes ^ I fm ^sj^-a "SJ^^U t^ ^ i CT,

9ft^3^tj^ ^R<t>?i'i[ # ^ f^wi^ wf^^ 't^ #3tv5 i^'^m^-^i ^ "Q^

^^pttw^^^, 1%^^ ^5^ift, 1:^ ^^17^, tfsfft^ fitf^^iw^ wrsrfw^ m

-6 f^^^r <^Rc^f^ tf^TOT^ i^'^ni^^ R:5tr?r w s i h ^ ^5&t^^^ '^j^ -^v^^m^ i ^wrc^

1 ^^^^^ 'sn:^? c w i ^ ^T^nff 'R'^m^ s r ^ w wrcfw^ ^ ctwr ^trg^ ^^^^1%^

^Qt>M<^ ^S^m ^ ^ y f ^ i l H ^FTK fetW srf^, ^R<t5lHl ^ # 5 1 ^ (T5rrf% V f t t ^ ) i s i ^ >]K1<[^

I wtwi^ ^?f*fg ^ WW f^, www^ ^[^Ttwrs i

=1^ (;^^# 3?1^-1%f% % n w T 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ T ^ ^ n k ^ C5m i wt^ wf?r 'fi^-'^tfl^Jt? ^i^jiw

f^^awt^ ft^t^ I H ^ ^ ^sn?ra !'sm i t s j ^ E n c y c l o p a e d i a - ^ ? = T f miTr f?wm ^ ^ i

^tm (?i a t c ^ ^^rfpt ^ firra*t ^Jira^t i ^ ' ^ c ^ ^ ^ i c^s^iiSrc^iiRs^

fiftft^ C?tC5H f ^ r ^ T W (SpeUSlppUS, %) '^t >ilRc%l'i3'=1 (v5b-8-v5il.^ 'J. % )

stifle cm^ I I ^ s i M 1^ s n ^ R c t ^ w P G ^ I * ! ^5m?3T (Marcus Terentlus Varro, ii'Js-ciLH % ) ^^rtft^,

1?^^n^pPl^ ?'%ai#^ r a f ^ lR<)f^^ ^too ttc^ I ^wt3??rf<Rt Johann Jacob Hofmann-'fl?

(i'lCib- 1 ^ f ^ ^ ? T O 3 e ^ ifs^ ^I'^^iw?! - ^ I ^ l a ^ ^ s t f ^ - ^ g ^ (cross reference)

'jRfk^ f?f%^ \l*)i*i^c^ ^ ? . I T ^*(li<^ f^pfg f^^^?;^ <^ ^MS. 1 5 ! ^ f w 1%t % m ^ f e l

i ^ - T p ^ -"tvoc^ f^f%^ f^TO ^rraft ft'sc^ (îrîii^'s'T-'sft 'î(<*i> snvsî'îvo - o ^ u ^ j ^ ) ^ s n ^

sfR^^ 'Ttw ^TN^f w ^ I t?,ic <pR^i, ^ 'spTs.^ratw, tR>^i>i i R r ? . ^ ? ^ >ijvi>i f w ? t ^ i i K f ^

T f H ! ^ ^-"W^ ^ f H ^ " ^ - ^ - ^ ^ - ' F t ^ {^ho f^./b-'l '(.-b- K/hdo ^.)

^^tWR ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 ^ ' ^ (^. 8 i 8 f^./io^ 's(.) "^-^ps-HlJilvs" f?WlW f^-^S.^

\<m<> R'SOT^ '^J^ 1 5 t ? ^ iirb^b "^'j'siSfi:;^ (Laipzig) ^nt ^ i c^îa? "^'WI^'Î-îiRT"

f^'TTtf^^trnW^ ^ 1 ^ - - - ^ - ^ (eob-f^./iC^oi J.-v!5lf^./iC^18 J.) Ut^5iTW CiStJlR>RiS3|^ % ^ I ^It^

Pra ^ m wft^i^'^lH^SNFSTTFF ^ - ^ ? i T ? r f t (Tj. I f^./ii'(.) t w ? ? v(|sicj<^ 'JTRMRSRT ^^mni^

15(31% vsim-iitfft ( i 8 8 - i 8 o 8 >fl^ fift^ ^ ' f l C ^ ( f t ^ ^M^'ST-^-mt^CRlH) O^R^IC^M I

>^ srf^ra'Si 3S,>i!5i%, 51"*rw ^IWlbHl ftfR^ I

T^wist^ '!ti^ t c R*i?iiii4'CJi c ^ - c i i w c H ^ t^^^c^ sm^f ^^c^ i ^f%^m^ ^rtf^ t R w

ij5.<^<b ^ amfR5 ^ I ^ 'tcQ f s n ^ t^^.s^^ijoHar^ m ^rm^sT ^tf^csra ' P T m m i ^ R I T>m^gn?,^^f5R ^

Nt??ftwt Pt ^^mroft i o ''tos l^'S^?^ sf^twi? i H w f t 'Sj^ef *Q?iic^ ^ w' ^ iJ^t^

c r t t r o ^ - ^ j a s R s t f ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam-I^ra "^sTrnff ^^<)1^T "HR^I>$'5R-'5LT''*tlQf

^^rl%T ^ | R b M 4 ^. ^. ^511^ ^ ^ s i # % T 5 t ) % ^ % i i R # T ' M l f t t^'JlC^ ' i ^ T t ^ i f W T

7f?j%^ ^Ti^rtft t^p^c^ ^w<iw -a ^ w ? i 2Wt%^ ^-snni t^tc ^ 5 i ^ ^ ^ ^ i s ?

4(.iisWR^^5TCit t*r=ii^ R-'Jic^ gf^irn^ra ^si^fs^ ^^#?n (ftf) ^535^5^ R^c^r'=rai?ra

tSR>ol<lI*iI^ iiR^^?S>%( ^ CgtStt^-iira ^tt?I J^svSavol <pR(.\s(?, I

t ^ siwrsij I w r a ftW^'fa R ^ *iitiniti spsjMt, '^m^s ^ 5 t ^ ^t^n?ra \'=ij<(H >4iR>ii^ -a ^ ^Rw-s

C<M ^sIt%f!pF j = S ^ = W r . 1 V 3 ^ , W 5 ? l ? 1 = ^ 1 1 ^ ^ l j = ? I ' > T , (?IC??I? iTtRs^ L > ^ =

OT='^, <t_,j = ? R # , J=W^>

^ 6 ' i i t ^ = ^ <tii I = ^=(t^ 4_<>L> = ^mR, I

^ = '^ , =^ > ^ j = S l '(^')

'snt^, ^tf^r, ^srm, ^srtwm, ^srraf, t^iw, t ^ t % ^ , t^fH, t'Mi^, ^ / ^^m,

R#ift ^ft^aR?f R^^ftfw f?=w^?n^ 8

^ ^ n ' S I "5 ^ ^ ^ 103 S ^ T> ^ <)t V f SJ ^ * t 7)5 \5-SJ TJ ^ ^iJ -xf ^ T f - ^

Iff ib. ibid, ^ L i ^ j

C^OI, C^8Ci, ^ I S . , O o ^ , O o 8 , 880, 8>b(?, 8b-:^, 8 b ^ , 8b-S., 8S10, (Ji-b,

>Sto, v O M , 8 o H , 8;!.<?, 8 0 o , 8^0C!., (\52) \ . ^ S f W g ^ 2 <?b-, (i>, :

8-^(i, Sva-b, 88Q-, 88b-, 88S., 8 ( t o , ^ . ^^si==rm 2 e8 I

^;^t^^-=ff S i o i , i 8 8 , i8(^, iS<b, i 8 V , C^rtg V)R<}ci t^11i) g i i ^ b , v58, ( f V * , (?b-^b I

^[Wi t ' t ^ ^ o i i 8 , i i b - , i ^ ^ , i 8 V , iS.'l, i ^ ^ , m% ^#51 g (J-o, (I-i, (I-(?0, vbiJs, 'bbrbr I

^l<ic>i^ ^vgNrn?T ^^<i>Ri^ ^ "ST'ttfw

iTi^TlfSl^ ferat^ ^??TtCtit

'jRfk^ f?f%^ \l)ii^c^ ^ ? . I T ^*(li<^ f^pfg f^^^?;^ <^ ^MS. 1 5 ! ^ f w 1%t % m ^ f e l

^ 1P?IH (^) ^*<? '^rr^pTi^ ^ "^i^nrpt. ^avi

^ ^ ' f f (^) ^S'b 'II<I1I 'aJil